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כ, כּ eleventh letter; used as numeral 20 in post B Heb.; כא = 21, כב = 22, etc.

כְּ prop. subst. the like of, like, as (Aram. כ, Ph. כ, Ar. كَ, Sab. in כעד דא as till now DHM:ZMG xxix. 615, As. Ki, kima, Dl:HWB 325 f.)—before tone-syll. כָּ, as כָּזֶה, כָּאֵ֫לֶּה, כָּחֵ֫מָּה; c. sf. כָּכֶם Nu 15:15 + 7 t. (Jb 16:4 כָּכֵם: Kö:ii. 1. 285), כָּהֶם † 2 K 17:15, כָּהֶן † Ez 18:14 [also with nom. forms, כָּהֵ֫מָּה, כָּהֵם, כָּהֵ֫נָּה; v. הֵמָּה 8; cf. Arab. كَأَنَا, كَأَنْتَ, etc.], before light sf., in the form כְּמוֹ (q.v.), viz. כָּמֹנִי, כָּמוֹנִי Gn 44:15 + 16 t., כָּמוְֹ Gn 41:39 + 28 t., כָּמֹכָה † Ex 15:11, 15:11, כָּמֹהוּ 9:18 + 23 t., כָּמוֹהָ 11:6 + 2 t., כָּמֹנוֹ Gn 34:15 + 3 t.; also כְּמוֹכֶם † Jb 12:3, כְּמוֹהֶם † Ju 8:18, Ps 115:8, 135:18. Prop. an undeveloped subst., capable of standing in any case and followed (like كَ) always by a gen., as 1 S 20:3 כפשׂע כ׳ for there is (nomin.) the like of a footstep (Ar. كَخَتْوَةِ) between me and death, Gn 41:38 הנמחא כזה shall be we find (accus.) the like of this one ? (v. esp. Fleischer:Kl. Schrr. i. 376 ff. Mühlau, ap. Bö:ii. 64 f., with many Arabic exx.; also W:AG i. § 356 R. c.; ii. § 63 Ges:§ 118. 6; compare, for both usage and constr., the Lat. instar: this view criticized by Kö:ii. 1, 279 ff., who treats כְּ as demonstr. adv.); but Heb. having no case-endings, its proper sense was doubtless forgotten, and כְּ became practically equivalent to a prep. like, as:—

1. a. quantitatively (like the Ar. قدْر measure, number, size, of…: قَدْرُ مِائَةِ as many as 100), to express exact or approx. equality, in the latter case the like of is = about: Dt 1:11 Yahweh add to you ככם אלף פעמים the like of you (Saad. مِشْلَكُم) 1000 times (cf. 2 S 24:3), Ex 12:37 כשׁשׁ מאוֹת אלף רגלי the like of (i.e. about) 600,000 footmen, 32:28 כשׁלשׁת אלפי אישׁ, Jos 4:13, 7:3, 1 S 9:22, 25:38 ויהי כעשׂרת הימים (nomin.) and there was the like of (= about) 10 days, and, etc. Ru 2:17 כאיפה שׂערים, etc., cf. כַּמָּה the like of what ? = how many ? (v. מָה); as accus. of space or time, Nu 11:31 כדרך יום the like of a day's journey, Jos 3:4, Jos 10:13 כיום תמים about a whole day (Ar. نَحْوَ يَوْمِن كَامِلِن), Ru 1:4 כעשׂר שׁגים. So (as adv. accus.) with words denoting a point of time: often with עֵת, as כָּעֵת הַזּאֹת lit. at the like of this time = about this time, Jos 11:6 al., כָּעֵת מָחָר at the like of the time, (being) to-morrow = about to-morrow, Ex 9:18 +, כָּעֵת חַיָּה (v. חי), Is 8:23 כעת הראשׁין at the former time, כָּעֵת alone = at the (present) time, now Nu 23:23, Ju 13:23, Is 23:5 (unusual) כְּשֵׁמַע חֹר; so כְּהַיּוֹם, כַּיּוֹם (v. יוֹם 7 h), כִּמְעַט, כְּרֶגַע; and esp. with inf., v. 3 b. b. qualitatively (like Ar. مَشَلُ likeness of…), to express resemblance in respect of some attribute, action, character, appearance, etc.: so very often; as subj. of a sentence, Nu 9:15 כמראה אשׁ the like of (= as it were) an appearance of fire was, etc. (cf. Ez 1:4, 1:26 a., 1:27, Dn 8:15, 10:18), 23:22 כתועפות ראם לו, Ex 24:10, Dt 4:32 הנהיה כדבר הגדול הזה hath there been the like of this great thing ? 9:10, Jos 10:14; Ho 9:1, Is 23:15, Ps 58:5, Pr 16:27, La 1:20 בַּבַּיִת כַּמָּוֶת, Ec 8:14; Lv 14:35 כְּנֶגַע נראה בביתי the like of (i.e. a kind of) mark; מִי כָמוֹכָה who is the like of thee ? Ex 15:11 (Saad. مَن مَشَلُكَ) +; as gen. אֵין כָּמוְֹ 1 S 10:24, 2 S 7:22 +; as pred., Ju 8:21 כָּאִישׁ גְּבוּרָתוֹ, Hb 2:5 וְהוּא כַמָּוֶת, Ps 17:14, 89:30 וכסאו כימי שׁמים (of time: so v:37), 125:1, etc.; after a verb, היה כְּ to become the like of (like), Gn 3:5 + oft. (v. היה II. 2 c), cf. after שִׂים Gn 13:16 +, נתן 42:30 +, שִׁית Ps 83:12 +, שִׁוָּה 18:34, נֶחְשַׁב 44:23 +, נִמְשַׁל 49:13, הִרְבָּה Gn 22:17 +; add כָּזאֹת, כָּאֵלֶּה the like of this (these), i.e. tale, talia (whether nom. or accus.) Ju 13:23, 15:7, 20:30, Lv 10:19 + (v. זאֹת, אֵלֶּה). Cases such as to give or reward a man כמעשׂהו, כרעתו, etc., the like of his doings, etc., 2 S 3:39, 1 K 8:32, Ps 18:25, 28:4, to speak כדבר הזה or כדברים האלה Gn 18:25, 24:28 + oft., form the transition to c. as an accus. of mode or limitation, in or with the like of (= like, as according to, κατά);—(1) expressing conformity to a standard or rule: Gn 1:26 let us make man כדמותנו according to our likeness, 9:3, Jos 19:47, Ju 20:10, 1 S 13:14 hath looked out אישׁ כלבבו a man according to his own heart (Je 3:15); to do a thing כמשׁפט הזה Jos 6:15, cf. Gn 40:13, 2 K 11:14, etc., כדבר פ׳ Gn 44:2 + oft., כְּחִדְקִי Ps 7:9, כְּחַסְדְְּ 51:3, בַּכָּתוּב according to what is written Jos 8:31, 8:34 +, בלא ככחיב (late) † 2 Ch 30:18, etc. (2) in comparisons: qualifying an adj., Ex 16:14 דַּק כַּכְּפוֹר, Ct 6:10 יָפָה כַלְּבָנָה, cf. Gn 13:10; a verb Ps 7:3 פֶּן־יִטְרֹף כְּאַרְיֵה, 19:6 יָשִׂישׂ כְּגִבּוֹר, Is 42:13, etc.; with the tertium compare. attached in a relative clause, Dt 32:11 בַּנֶּשֶׁר יָעִיר קִנִּי like the great vulture, (that) stirreth up its nest, Jb 9:26, 11:16, Is 61:10 like the bride, who putteth on, etc., 62:1 כְּלַפִּיד יִבְעַר like a touch (that) burns (on the presence or absence of the art. in such cases, v. הַ 1 f), Ps 42:2, 83:15 (infr. 2 d) + oft. (cf. Dr:§ 34: כְּ is not in these cases to be construed as a conj. [ = כַּאֲשֶׁכ] with the verb: v. De:Ps 38:14 Ges:§ 155, 2 b, 1 R.). d. sometimes כְּ is used in partic. to compare an object with the class to which it belongs, and express its correspondence with the idea which it ought to realize: Is 13:6 ( = Jo 1:15) of the יום י׳, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדֵּי יָבוֹא i.e. it comes as a veritable, or ideal, destruction from Shaddai, 29:2 of Ariel (v:1) והיתה לי כאריאל i.e. shall be to me as a true Ariel (cf. Ges:§ 118 x): so also, acc. to Hi De, 10:13, Ez 26:10, Zc 14:3, 2 S 9:8, Ps 122:3, Ct 8:10 (v. De), Ec 10:5, Ne 7:2. The older grammarians called this the Kaph veritatis (a translations of Ki's ף הָאֲמִתּוּת“כ, ף לאמת הדבר“כ, Michl:45 a (Lyck), Comm:Jos 3:4, 1 S 9:13, Is 1:7, Ho 5:10, or ף הָאֲמִתִּי“כ, Lex s.v. יוֹם): they extended it unduly (e.g. to Nu 11:1, La 1:20, Ho 11:4).

2. repeated, כְּ…כְּ, to signify the completeness of the correspondency between two objects (peculiar to Heb.): a. in a principal clause, Gn 18:25 וְהָיָה כַצַּדִּיק בָּרָשָׁע lit. that the like of the righteous be the like of the wicked, i.e. that the righteous be as the wicked, 44:18 כמיך כפרעה the like of thee is the like of Pharaoh, i.e. thou art as Pharaoh, Lv 24:22 כַּגֵּר כָּאֶזְרָח יִהְיֶה, 1 K 22:4 כָּמֹנִי כָמוְֹ כְּעַמִּי כְעַמְְּ (Van Dyck مَشَلِي مَشَلُكَ شَعْبِي كَشَاْبِكَ), Hg 2:3 הֲלוֹא כָמֹהוּ כְּאַיִן בְּעֵינֵיכֶם is not the like of it the like of nothing in your eyes ? i.e. is it not like nothing in your eyes ? Ps 139:12 כַּחֲשֵׁיכָה כָּאוֹרָה i.e. the darkness (to thee) is as the light. Usu. the first term is the subj. and the second is the standard with which it is compared: but occas. the terms are inverted, as Lv 7:7, Nu 15:15, Ju 8:18 כמוך כמוהם (Van Dyck مَشَلُهُم مَشَلُكَ), Ho 4:9, Is 24:2, cf. 59:18 Note, infr.) b. in a subordinate clause (to be regarded as subordinated in the accus. to the principal verb); (α) attached to the subj. of the principal vb., Lv 24:16 יומת…כגר כאזרח he shall be put to death, the like of the stranger (being) the like of the homeborn, Jos 8:33. (β) attached to its object, Dt 1:17 כקטן כגדל תשׁמעון lit. ye shall hear (them), the like of the small (being) the like of the great. c. occas., for כְּ…כְּ, there occurs וכ…בְּ: Jos 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָָתָּה the like of my strength then, and the like of my strength now, i.e. they are similar (cf. וְ 1 j) 1 S 30:24, Ez 18:4, Dn 11:29. d. yet more distinct than כְּ…כְּ, is כֵּן…כְּ; in a nominal sentence (Ges:§ 140–1), ‘כְּ with its genit. forming the predic., and כֵּן resuming it with emph. and connecting it with the subject;’ 1 S 25:25 כִּי כִשְׁמוֹ כֶּן־הוּא for the like of his name, such (or so) is he, Gn 44:10, Jos 2:21, Je 18:6, Ps 48:11, 127:4, Pr 10:26 +; in a verbal sentence, ‘כְּ preceding, as an accusative of state, and giving the secundum comparationis, and כֵּן resuming it,’ Jo 2:4 כפרשׁים כן ירוחון ‘instar (accus.) equitum, sic currunt’ (Fl:l. c.), Ho 4:7 lit. with (or in) the likeness of their multiplying, so they sinned against me, Gn 6:22, 1 S 8:8, Is 38:14, Ez 22:22, Ps 42:2, 83:15 + oft.

3. before an inf.: a. like (lit. with or in the likeness of…), Ju 14:6 כְּשַׁסַּע הַגְּדִי like the rending of a kid, i.e. as when a kid is rent (by a lion), 2 S 3:34, Is 5:24, Ps 66:10, 68:3, Jb 2:10, etc.; = as if, Is 10:15 or shall the saw magnify itself against him that wieldeth it כהניף שׁבט את־מרימיו with the like of a staff's shaking (= as if a staff were to shake) him that lifted it ! b. of time, about, at, whether of the past or of the future: Gn 19:17 כהוחיאם אותם at their bringing them forth, i.e. as or when they brought them forth 24:30, 29:13, 39:10, 39:13 + very often; of the future, 44:30, 44:31, Dt 20:2, 20:9, 2 S 13:28 +; Is 28:20 b (different from v:29 a) and the covering is (too) narrow when one gathers oneself in. Occasionally with the verbal noun, Ho 13:6 כמרעיתם at the time of their feeding, Is 30:19 כְּשָׁמְעָתוֹ; וּכְחֶזְקָתוֹ † 2 Ch 12:1, 26:16, Dn 11:2 (Ew:§ 238 a, 239 a): cf. Is 23:5 b כְּשֵׁמַע חֹר. With the ptcp. † Gn 38:29 (si vera l.), perh. 40:10; cf. Dr:§ 135. 6, Obs. 2.

Note.—כְּ is rarely prefixed to preps., the only exx. which occur being the idiomatic כְּבָרִאשֹׁנָה, † Ju 20:32, 1 K 13:6, Is 1:26, Jer 33:7, 33:11; כְּבַתְּחִלָּה in the ‖ clause † Is:l. c.; כְּבַחֲחִי † 1 S 14:14 (apparently corrupt); כְּמִשְׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים † Gn 38:24 (and prob. כְמֵחֹדֶשׁ 1 S 10:27 LXX); כְּמִפְּנֵי † Lv 26:37; † כְּעַל (late): a. pleon. for כְּ (עַל = according to), Is 63:7 כְּעַל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה, 59:18, כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֹת יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (ellipse of rel., as Jb 34:32, etc.); b. = as over Ps 119:14, = as concerning 2 Ch 32:19. Where logically a prep. would seem to be required after כ, it is in Heb. regularly omitted (Ges:§ 118. 3 R), the nature of כְּ, as explained above, not in fact admitting it; thus Is 1:25 I will purge away thy dross כַּבֹּר [not, as in Engl., like as with lye, but] (with) the like of lye (כ being an accus. defining the mode in which אחרף takes place); 5:17 כְּדָבְרָם in Engl. as in their pasture, Ju 20:39; כְּיוֹם as in day of, Is 9:3, Ps 95:8 +, כִּימֵי Jb 29:3 who will set me as in the days of old ! Is 51:9 +, כְּנֹקֶף זַיִת as at, etc., 17:6: so with לְ Ps 83:10, Jb 29:23, על 30:5. בְּ is used also pregnantly with substs., Ps 18:34 who meketh my feet like hinds (for like the feet of hinds), Is 29:4, 63:2 בגדיך כדורך בגת, Je 50:9, Jb 40:9 al. Cf. Ges:§§ 118. 6; 141. 2 R. n.

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when (cf. for the combin. Aram. כְּדִי, כַּד)—

1. according to that which, according as, as: a. Gn 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, 44:1, Ex 8:23, Nu 22:8, 1 S 2:16; Gn 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so כ׳ בראשׁונה Jos 8:5, 8:6, 2 S 7:10; Ex 5:13 כאשׁר בהיות התבן: Gn 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר חוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very oft., esp. in P, v:16, 8:21, 12:4, 17:23, 21:1, 21:1, Ex 16:24, 39:1, 39:5, 39:7 Nu 3:16, 3:42 etc.; כאשׁר דבר י׳ Dt 1:21, 2:1, 6:3, 6:19 + oft. Dt. b. answered, for increased emph., by כֵּן (cf. כְּ 2 d), Gn 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר חִוָּם, Ex 7:10, 7:20; Gn 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Ex 10:10 (iron.), Am 5:14 (do.); in opp. order, Ju 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Ex 7:6 כן עשׂו כאשׁר חוה י׳, cf. 12:28, 12:50, 39:43, Nu 5:4, 17:26, 36:10 (all P); with impf. (freq.) Nu 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more… the more, Ex 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, cf. 17:11 (JE) וגבר ישׁר׳…והיה כאשׁר ירים according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Nu 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Dt 28:63 (Je 31:28), 1 K 1:30, Is 10:11, 14:24, 52:14 f. (v. כֵּן 2 b). c. answered by וַ (Dr:§ 127 γ) † Ex 16:34, Nu 1:19. d. oft. in similes (sq. impf. of habit) Ex 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Nu 11:12, Dt 1:44, Is 9:2, 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Is 31:4, 55:10, 66:22, Am 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the pf. with וְ consec. (Dr:§ 115) Dt 22:26, Is 29:8 והקיץ…כאשׁר יחלם, 65:8, Am 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (cf. הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Jb 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zc 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.

2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (Germ. demgemäss dass), Gn 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Nu 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Ju 6:27, 1 S 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2 K 17:26, Mi 3:4.

3. with a temporal force, when, Gn 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., 32:3, 32:32, 1 S 8:6, 2 S 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr:§ 127 β), 1 S 6:6, 12:8; …ויהי כאשׁר and it came to pass, when…Gn 12:11, 20:13, 24:22, 24:52, Ex 32:19 + oft.; Gn 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Est 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Jos 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a ‘conflate’ reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gn 27:40, 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Ho 7:12, Ec 4:17, 5:3, and without a verb Is 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למחרים.—Mi 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Jb 29:25 as one who.

כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.)…, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.: cf. Aram. כְּמָא like Ps 78:68 Levy, usually כְּמָא דְּ like as; ܐܟܺܡܳܐ (i.e. ܐܰܝܟܺ ܡܳܐ) like what, like, usu. sq. ܕ like as; Sam. kkh; Ar. كَمَا Eth. kama: kama, like as, Di:Gr:§ 63 a Sab. כמו:ZMG 1883, 394)—used

1. (56 t.) as an indep. word (exc. Gn 19:15, Ne 9:11, only in poetry);

2. as an equivalent for כְּ before sfs., always before light ones, and occasionally before heavy ones (v. כְּ ad init.):—1. a. adv., as poet. syn. of כְּ, like, as, Ex 15:5 they went down כמו־אבן like a stone (hence in prose Ne 9:11), v:8 (Ps 78:13), Is 30:22, 51:6 (v. כֵּן), 26:17 כְּמוֹ חָרָח תַּקְרִיב לָלֶרֶת (see כְּ 1 c (2), on the constr.: so 41:25, Ps 58:5, 58:8 a, 58:9), v:18 we have brought forth the like of, as it were, wind, Je 13:21, 15:18, 50:26, Ez 16:57 (כמו עת as at the time of: v. כְּ Note), Ho 7:4, 8:12, 13:7, Hb 3:14 (as it were), Zc 9:15, 10:2, 10:7 (as with wine: v. ib.) Elsewhere chiefly in PsalmPsalm (19 t.) and Jb (11 t.), as Ps 29:6, 61:7, 63:6, 78:69, 79:5, 88:6, 90:9, Jb 6:15, 10:22, 10:22, 12:3 כמו אלה the like of these things, 14:9, Ct 6:10, 7:2, La 4:6 כמו רגע (in prose כרגע). Repeated, like כְּ…כְּ, † Ps 58:10; and answered by כֵּן Is 26:17.—Ps 58:8 b כמו יתמוללו, as it were is against usage of כמו (with a vb.), and yields a lame sense: read perh. ית׳ [חָחִיר] כמו (Lag Che); Ps 73:15 if I said, אֲסַפְּרָה כְמָוֹ, the text is untranslateable, the rendering thus for כמו being indefensible: prob. הֵנָּה has dropped out before the following הִנֵּה: for כְּמוֹ הֵנָּה the like of these things, cf. Jb 23:14 כָּהֵנָּה, and 12:3 supr. b. conj. = כַּאֲשֶׁר: (a) of time, once, † Gn 19:15 כְּמוֹ עָלָה הַשַּׁחַת when the dawn arose; (β) of mode, according as, † Zc 10:8 וְרָבוּ כְּמוֹ רָבוּ Pr 23:7 (answered by כֵּן).—For 2 (before sfs.), see עכּ.

† כָּאַב vb. be in pain (Aram. כְּאֵב, ܟܶܐܒ id.; Ar. كَئِبَ be sorrowful, sad; As. in deriv., ikkibu, pain Zim:BP 67, kêbtu, ruin Hpt in KAT:2 Gloss. i.)—Qal Impf. יִכְאָב־ Pr 14:13; יִכְאָָב Jb 14:22; Pt. כּוֹאֵב Ps 69:30; כֹּאֲבִים Gn 34:25; —

1. be in pain, physical Gn 34:25 (J, as result of circumcision); Jb 14:22 (subj. בָּשָׂר; poet. of body in grave ‖נַפְשׁוֹ תֶּאֱבָָל).

2. of mental pain Pr 14:13 (subj. לֵב; prob. also Ps 69:30 (‖עָנִי). Hiph. Pf. 1 s. sf. הִכְאַבְתִּיו Ez 13:22; 2 fpl. הִכְאַבְתֶּן v:22 LXX Targum Co (MT הַכְאוֹת v. כָּאָה); Impf. יַכְאִיב Jb 5:18; תַּכְאִ֫בוּ 2 K 3:19; Pt. מַכְאִב Ez 28:24; —pain, mar; 1. of enemies of Isr. under fig. of thorn causing pain (no object expr.) קוֹץ מַכ׳ Ez 28:24 (‖מַמְאִיר סִלּוֹן); of שַׁדַּי, no obj. expr., Jb 5:18 (opp. חָבַשׁ, ‖מָחַץ. 2. of mental pain, obj. לֵב, Ez 13:22 (subj. false prophetesses, v. supr.); cf. v:22 (subj. י׳).

3. (si vera l.) of marring good land with stones 2 K 3:19, LXX άχρειώσετε (Klo תְּאַבְּדוּ).

† כְּאֵב n.m.:Jb 2:13 pain;—כ׳ abs. Jb 2:13, Is 17:11; cstr. 65:14; sf. כְּאֵבִי Jb 16:6 + 2 t.;—pain, mental and physical Jb 2:13, 16:6 perh. also Ps 39:3; אָנוּשׁ כּ׳ (in disappointment and disaster) Is 17:11 (‖נַחֲלָה from חָלָה); mental, ־לֵבכּ׳ Is 65:14 (‖שֵׁבֶר רוּחַ) so Je 15:18 (‖מַכָּה fig.)

† מַכְאוֹב n.m.:Ps 32:10 pain;—מ׳ abs. Ec 1:18 + 2 t.; cstr. Ps 69:27; sf. מַכְאוֹבִי (מַכְאֹבִי) Ps 38:18 + 3 t., etc.; pl. מַכְאוֹבִים Ps 32:10, Ec 2:23; מַכְאֹבוֹת Is 53:3; sf. מַכְאֹבָיו Ex 3:7; מַכְאֹבֵינוּ Is 53:4; —

1. pain, physical, Ex 3:7 (‖עֳנִי; cf. מִפְּנֵי נֹגְשָׂיו in context); 2 Ch 6:29 (‖נֶגַע); Jb 33:19.

2. of mental pain, Ps 32:10 (of troubles of wicked), of Babylon Je 51:8; Ps 38:18, 69:27 (as result of sin; of י׳'s servant); in י׳'s word to Baruch Je 45:3 (‖יָגוֹן, אֲנָחָה), cf. of Israel in distress Je 30:15 (‖שֵׁבֶר), of Jerus. La 1:12, 1:12, 1:18, Ec 1:18 (יוֹסִיף דַּעַת יוֹסִיף מַכ׳); 2:23 (‖כַּעַם עִנְיָנוֹ); partic. of suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:3, 53:4 (both ‖חֳלִי).

† [כָּאָה] vb. Niph. be disheartened, cowed (cf. Ar. كَأْكَأَ draw back timidly, كَأَ abstain, through timidity)—Niph. Pf. וְנִכְאָה consec. Dn 11:30 then shall he be cowed; Pt. נִכְאֵה לֵבָב Ps 109:16 downhearted (‖עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן). Hiph. Inf. cstr. הַכְאוֹת לֵב חַדִּיק Ez 13:22; but LXX Targum Co הכאבתן v. כָּאַב.

† [כָּאֶה] adj. cowed, Ps 10:10 Qr חֵל כָּאִים; host of cowed ones, but rd. Kt חלכאים; v. p. 319.

[כאר] v. II. כור. p. 468

כָּאֹר Am 8:8, v. יְאֹר. p. 384

כבב (√ of foll., cf. Sta:§ 116:3; meaning not wholly clear; Ar. كَبُّ is roll threads into a ball, كَبَّ ball of thread, but also troop of horses, band of men, etc.; Eth. كُبَّةُ is in orbem circum-sistere, kababa: kab4b: orbis, circulus, etc.; hence perh. star, as round, or as collected in bands clusters, constellations; As. kabâbu = burn; kabâbê shields, is written ḳabâbê by Dl:HWB 578).

† כּוֹכָב n.m.:Gn 15:5 star (NH id.; Aram. כּוֹכְבָא, כּוֹכַבְתָּא kb4b:, ܟܰܘܟܒܳܐ, fem. form specifically of planet Venus, v. also We:Skizzen iii. 36, 38; Ar. ܟܰܘܟܰܒܬܳܐ gen. of single stars and prob. Aram. كَوْكَبُ loan-word, We:Skizzen iii. 173; Eth. kokab:; prob. for …כבכב v. Mahri kubkob, kobkib, etc., Maltzan:ZMG 1873, 227 and As. kakkabu Dl:HWB 336; Pun. κακαβουμ (Dioscorides), name of a plant, prob. from shape of seed-cup, Blau:ZMG xxvii, 1873, 529; on formation cf. Nö:M § 109 Ba:NB § 138. 1)—כ׳ abs. Nu 24:17; cstr. כּוֹכַב Am 5:26; pl. כּוֹכָבִים Gn 1:16 + 19 t.; cstr. כּוֹכְבֵי (כֹּכְבֵי) Gn 22:17 + 13 t.; כֹּכְבֵיהֶם Ez 32:7; —sg. only אֱלֽהֵיכֶם כ׳ Am 5:26 (where, however, כ׳ is prob. a gloss, so GFM Dec. 19, 1890, and now We; v. further כִּיּוּן); and מִיַּעֲקֹב כ׳ Nu 24:12 (JE; ‖שֵׁבֶט בישׂראל, metaph. of future ruler); elsewhere pl. stars, ‖ sun and moon (cf. also infr.) Gn 1:16 (P) Ps 136:9 (to rule the night, cf. Gn 1:16), Je 31:35, Gn 37:9 (E), Joseph's dream (אַחַד עָשָׂר כ׳ = 11 brethren); Dt 4:19 obj. of idol. worship (cf. infr.); observed in augury הַחֹזִים בַּכּ׳ Is 47:13 (of Babylon); Ec 12:2 (‖ (also) light; fig. of brightness of youth); ‖ sun Jb 9:7; ‖ moon Ps 8:4; sign of evening Ne 4:15 (מֵעֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר עַד חֵאת הַכּ׳) cf. כּוֹכְבֵי נִשְׁכּוֹ Jb 3:9 (appar. sign of dawn); numbered by God Ps 147:4; sim. of abundant posterity, Gn 15:5, 22:17, 26:4, Ex 32:13 (all JE); of Isr. Dt 1:10, 10:22, 28:62, 1 Ch 27:32, Ne 9:23; of number of merchants of Nineveh Na 3:16; as lofty, Jb 22:12; so in fig. of haughty nations Ob:4, Is 14:13; cf. symbolic vision of Dn (‖חָבָא, חְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם) Dn 8:10; sim. of brightness of righteous Dn 12:3; not pure (זַכּוּ) before God Jb 25:5 (‖ moon); darkened in Yahweh's judgment Jo 2:10, 4:15, Ez 32:7 (‖ sun and moon; so) Is 13:10 (‖ also כְּסִילֵיהֶם); personified: as fighting Ju 5:20; shouting Jb 38:7 (בְּרָן־יַחַד כּוֹבֵי בֹקֶר, ‖בְּנֵי אֱלֽחִים); praising Ps 148:3 (כּוֹכְבֵי אוֹר, ‖ sun and moon).—On stars in Arab. mythol. v. We:Skizzen iii. 173 f.

† כָּבֵד vb. be heavy, weighty, burden-some, honoured (NH Pi. honour, and deriv., כֹּבֶד weight; Ph. n.pr.f. כבדת = honoured one, and in cpd. n.pr.; Eth. kabad: be heavy, etc.; As. kabâdu or kabâtu, grow or be heavy, Dl:HWB; cf. Ar. كَبَدُ difficulty, distress; كَبَدَ III. struggle with difficulties, etc.; Zinj. כבדו honour, DHM:Sendsch. 58; Sab. כבודת gifts of honour, = Heb. נדבה freewill offering DHM:ZMG 1883, 341 f.—Qal Pf. כ׳ Is 24:20; 3 fs. כָּֽבְדָה Gn 18:20 + 4 t.; כָּבֵָדָה Ju 20:34; 3 mpl. כָּֽבְדוּ Gn 48:10; Impf. יִכְבַּד Ex 9:7 Is 66:5; יִכְבָָּד Jb 6:3, 33:7 + 10 t. Impf. (כָּבֵד Gn 12:10 + is given as 3 m. Pf. by some; but it is prob. taken better as adj. SS make כָּבֵד Ps 38:5 inf. abs.; < Thes adj.).—

1. be heavy, in weight, of misfortune, heavier than sand Jb 6:3; of God's hand in punishment 1 S 5:11, with אֶל 1 S 5:6; עַל Ps 32:4; of man's hand in war Ju 1:35; יָדִי כָּֽבְדָה עַל־אַנְחָתִי my hand is heavy upon my groaning Jb 23:2 is explained by Targum Hrz Schlottm as hand smiting me; but read rather with LXX SyrVer Ew De Reu Di יָדוֹ of God's hand; of pressure אַכְפִּי Jb 33:7 (LXX כַּפִּי); = vehement, sore, of battle Ju 20:34; c. אֶל 1 S 31:3 = עַל 1 Ch 10:3; burdensome, grievous; וְלאֹ נִכְבַּד עָלֶיְ֑ lest we be burdensome unto thee 2 S 13:23; of work laid upon one, bondage, with עַל Ex 5:9 (JE) Ne 5:18; of sin conceived as a burden Gn 18:20 (J), iniquities Ps 38:5; transgressions, with עַל Is 24:20.

2. heavy, insensible, dull, of the eyes, so as to be unable to see Gn 48:10 (JE); of the ears Is 59:1; of the לֵב, hard, insensible Ex 9:7 (J ; P and E's syn. is חָזַק, q. v.)

3. be honoured (cf. βαρύς) of a man Jb 14:21 (opp. יחערו: cf. Hiph. 3 ), of Tyre Ez 27:25, of Yahweh Is 66:5.

Niph. Pf. נִכְבַּד 2 S 6:20, נִכְבָּ֔ד 2 S 23:19, 23:23, 1 Ch 11:21; נִכְבַּדְתָּ Is 43:4; + 2 t. Pf.; Impf. אֶכָּבֵד Lv 10:3, Is 49:5; אִכָּֽבְדָה Ex 14:4, 14:17; אִכָּבֵָדָה 2 S 6:22; אִכָּֽבְדָ֯ Hg 1:8; Imv. הִכָּבֵד 2 K 14:10; Inf. הִכָּֽבְדִי Ex 14:18, Ez 39:13; Pt. נִכְבָּד Gn 34:19 + 6 t.; pl. נִכְבָּדִים Nu 22:15; cstr. נִכְבַּדֵּי Is 23:8, 23:9, Ps 8:24; נִכְבַּדֶּיהָ Na 3:10; נִכְבְּדֵיהֶם Ps 149:8; Pl. f. נִכְבָּדוֹת 87:3—1. pass. a. be made heavy fr. abundance, מַעְיָנוֹת נִכְבַּדֵּי־ מָָיִם fountains abounding in water Pr 8:24. b. be honoured, enjoy honour, of man 1 S 9:6, 22:14, 2 S 6:20, 6:22, 23:19 = 1 Ch 11:21, 2 S 23:23, 2 K 14:10, Is 43:4, 49:5, 1 Ch 4:9 וַיְהִי נִכְבָּד, 11:25 נִכְבָּד הוּא (altered from 2 S 23:23); but more frequent in pt. as subst. honourable, honoured, distinguished man Gn 34:19, Nu 22:15 (JE) Is 3:5, 23:8, 23:9, Na 3:10, Ps 149:8; נִכְבָּדוֹת Ps 87:3 glorious things; הַשֵּׁם הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא Dt 28:58 the glorious and awe-inspiring name (of Yahweh). 2. medial, get oneself glory (or honour), of God Is 26:15, Ez 28:22, 39:13, Hg 1:8; with בְּ in or by any one Ex 14:4, 14:17, 14:18 (P); עַל־פְּנֵי Lv 10:3 (P).

Pie1 Pf. 2 m. sf. כִּבַּדְתָּ֫נִי Is 43:23; 3 mpl. כִּבְּדוּ 1 S 6:6; + 3 t. Pf.; Impf. יְכַבֵּד Mal 1:6 + 3 t.; sf. יְכַבְּדָָנְנִי Ps 50:23; 3 fs. sf. תְּכַבְּדֵנִי Is 43:20; אֲכַבְּדָה Ps 86:12; + 12 t. Impf.; Imv. כַּבֵּד Ex 20:12 + 2 t.; + 3 t. Imv.; Inf. abs. כַּבֵּד Nu 22:17; + 2 t. Inf.; Pt. מְכַבֵּד 2 S 10:3; + 4 t. Pt.;—1. make heavy, insensible (cf. Qal 2) the (ב)לב 1 S 6:6, 6:6. 2. make honourable, honour, glorify, usu. c. human subj.: a. human obj., parents Ex 20:12 = Dt 5:16 Dec.), Mal 1:6; Balaam Nu 22:17, 22:17, 22:37, 24:11, 24:11(JE); sons of Eli 1 S 2:29; Saul 1 S 15:30; Nahash 2 S 10:3 = 1 Ch 19:3; Jerusalem La 1:8; more gen. Ps 15:4; subj. God 1 S 2:30 b Ps 91:15, cf. Pr 4:8. b. obj. things, sacred place Is 60:13 (God subj.); the Sabbath Is 58:13. c. God obj. 1 S 2:30 a, Is 24:15, 25:3, 43:20, Ps 22:24, 50:15, 50:23, Pr 14:31; + acc. rei זבחיך Is 43:23; + בְּ instr. (lips) Is 29:13; + מִן (מֵהוֹנְֶ֑) Pr 3:9; obj. the name of י׳, c. acc. Ps 86:12; c. לְ Ps 86:9; obj. the מַלְאַח י׳ Ju 13:17. d. subj. indef. (si vera l.), obj. God and man Ju 9:9 (of olive; on text, esp. בּוֹ for בִּי, v. GFM). e. obj. a heathen god לֶאֱלֽהַּ Dn 11:38, 11:38.

Pu. be made honourable, honoured. Impf. יְכֻבָָּד Pr 13:18, 27:18; Pt. מְכֻבָּד Is 58:13.

Hiph. Pf. הִכְבִּיד La 3:7 + 5 t.; 2 f. הִכְבַּדְתְּ Is 47:6 + 4 t. Pf.; Impf. וַיַּכְבֵּד Ex 8:28, 9:34; Imv. הַכְבֵּד Is 6:10; Infin. abs. הַכְבֵּד Ex 8:11; cstr. הַכְבִּיד 2 Ch 25:19; Pt. מַכְבִּיד Hb 2:6.—1. make heavy, a yoke 1 K 12:10, 12:14 = 2 Ch 10:10, 10:14, Is 47:6 ellipt. with עַל Ne 5:15; a chain La 3:7; pledges, with עַל Hb 2:6. 2. make heavy, dull, unresponsive, the ears Is 6:10, Zc 7:11; the לֵב Ex 8:11, 8:28, 9:34, 10:1(J). 3. cause to be honoured, of depopulated districts of NE. Israel, Is 8:23, of restored nation Je 30:19 (‖לא יחערו); shew or display honour, 2 Ch 25:19 לְהַכְבִּיד (in ‖ 2 K 14:10 הִכָּבֵד).

Hithp. Imv. הִתְכַּבֵּד Na 3:15; f. הִתְכַּבְּדִי Na 3:15; Pt. מִתְכַּבֵּד Pr 12:9; —1. make oneself heavy, dense, numerous (cf. כָּבֵד 1 b) as locusts Na 3:15, 3:15. 2. honour oneself Pr 12:9.

† כָּבֵד adj. heavy;—כ׳ Gn 41:31+ 34 t.; cstr. כְּבַד Ex 4:10, 4:10; כֶּבֶד Is 1:4; pl. כְּבֵדִים Ex 17:12; cstr. כִּבְדֵי Ez 3:5, 3:6; —

1. a. heavy, a burden Ps 38:5; hands (weary of holding up) Ex 17:12 (E), hair of head 2 S 14:26, a corpulent old man 1 S 4:18; עַם כֶבֶד עָוֹן Is 1:4 a people heavy with (the burden of) iniquity; a cloud charged with rain Ex 19:16 (E); a rock of large size Is 32:2; oppressive, grievous, burdensome, a yoke 1 K 12:4, 12:11 = 2 Ch 10:4, 10:11; a famine Gn 12:10, 41:31, 43:1, 47:4, 47:13 (J); the vexation (כַּעַס) of a fool Pr 27:3; vehement, sore, of a mourning Gn 50:11(J). b. massive, abundant, numerous, of a people עַם Nu 20:20 (J) 1 K 3:9; army חיל 2 K 6:14, 18:14 = Is 36:2 insect swarm Ex 8:20 (J). c. heavy, dull of speech and tongue Ex 4:10, 4:10 (JE); of the לֵב, hard Ex 7:14 (J). d. hard, difficult, of a thing to be done Ex 18:18 (E) Nu 11:14 (J); of a language to be understood Ez 3:5, 3:6.

2. in the usage of J כָּבֵד מְאֹד is frequent: a. very oppressive, grievous, of hail Ex 9:18, 9:24; murrain Ex 9:8; lamentation Gn 50:10. b. very numerous, cattle Ex 12:38; army, מַחֲנֶה Gn 50:9; locusts Ex 10:14; so חַיִל 1 K 10:2 = 2 Ch 9:1. c. very rich, במקנה in cattle Gn 13:2.

† כָּבֵד n.m.:La 2:11 liver (explained by Thes (quoting Galen) as the heavy organ, par excellence, of the body; NH כָּבֵד; Aram. כַּבְדָא ܟܰܒܕܳܐ; Ar. كَبِدُ, cf. اَكْبَدُ (anything) large, thick in the middle; Eth. kabd: As. kabittu Dl:HWB temper, heart (fig.), Aram. כְּבַד, ܐܶܬܟܰܒܰܕ be angry, because the liver was regarded as seat of emotions)—כ׳ Ex 29:13 + 11 t. ; כְּבֵדוֹ Pr 7:23; כְּבֵדִי La 2:11; —liver of man, as pierced by arrow Pr 7:23; poured out in sorrow La 2:11; of animals as consulted by divination רָאָה בַּכּ׳ Ez 21:26; elsewhere in P, in phrases יֹתֶרֶת(ה) הַכָּבֵד (עַל־) Ex 29:13, 29:22, Lv 3:4, 3:10, 3:15, 4:9, 7:4, 8:16, 8:25, 9:19; הַיֹּתֶרֶת מִן־הַכּ׳ Lv 9:10, of the animals suited for sacrifice.

† כֹּ֫בֶד n.[m.]

1. heaviness, weight of a stone Pr 27:3.

2. mass, abundance, of corpses Na 3:3.

3. vehemence, of war Is 21:15, of storm Is 30:27.

† I. [כָּבוֹד] adj. glorious, only fs. כְּבוּדָּ֯ה of a bed Ez 23:41; a queen in bridal array Ps 45:14. See also כְּבוּדָּ֯ה n.f. infr. p. 459

† II. כָּבוֹד n.m.:Is 60:1 and † f.:Gn 49:6 abundance, honour, glory;—כ׳ Jos 7:19 + 70 t.; כָּבֹד Gn 31:1, Na 2:10; cstr. כְּבוֹד Ex 16:7 + 62 t.; כְּבֹד Pr 25:2, 25:2; sf. כְּבוֹדִי Gn 45:13 + 17 t.; כְּבֹדִי Gn 49:6 + 3 t.; + 40 t. sfs.—

1. abudance, riches Gn 31:1 (J), Is 10:3, 61:6, 66:11, 66:12, Na 2:10, Ps 49:17, 49:18.

2. honour, splendour, glory, of external condition and circumstances: a. of men: of Joseph in Egypt Gn 45:18 (E); of Job Jb 19:9, 29:20; of Ephraim Ho 9:11, Samaria Ho 10:5; עשֶׁר וְכָכוֹד wealth and splendour 1 Ch 29:12, 29:28, 2 Ch 17:5, 18:1, 32:27, Pr 3:16, 8:18, 22:4; נְכָסִים וְכ׳(וּ)עשֶׁר 2 Ch 1:11, 1:12 = גם כ׳ גם ע׳ 1 K 3:13, Ec 6:2; ‖עשֶׁר Pr 11:16; man was crowned with וְהָדָר כ׳ at his creation, Ps 8:6; the king is given כ׳ ‖הוֹד וְהָדָר Ps 21:6. b. of things, עָשְׁרוֹ כ׳ Est 5:11 splendour of his wealth, of a throne 1 S 2:8 (poem), Is 22:23, Je 14:21, 17:12; a kingdom Est 1:4; chariots Is 22:18; priestly robes Ex 28:2, 28:40 (P); Lebanon Is 35:2, 60:13; forest Is 10:18 (fig. of royal might); trees Ez 31:18; temple Hg 2:3, 2:9; restored holy land Ps 84:12, Is 4:2, 4:5; Jerus. Is 62:2. c. of God, glory, (1) in historic theophanies: to Moses Ex 33:18, 33:22 (J); ‖אֹתֹת Nu 14:22 (JE); ‖גָּדְלוֹ Dt 5:21. P uses יהוה כ׳ for theophanies of the Exodus Ex 16:7, 16:10, 24:16, 24:17, 40:34, 40:35, Lv 9:6, 9:23, Nu 14:10, 16:19, 17:7, 20:6, cf. 2 Ch 5:14 = 1 K 8:11, 2 Ch 7:1, 7:2, 7:3; so Ezek., Ez 1:28, 3:12, 3:23, 10:4, 10:4, 10:18, 11:23, 43:4, 43:5, 44:4; with the variation אֱלֽהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כ׳ Ez 8:4, 9:3, 10:19, 11:22, 43:2, and הַכָּבוֹד Ez 3:23; the sacred tent was sanctified by the Glory Ex 29:43 (P), and the temple was מְקוֹם מִשְׁכַּן כ׳ Ps 26:8; when the ark was captured, the Glory went into exile from Israel 1 S 4:21, 4:22. (2) in historic and ideal manifestations to the pious mind Yahweh's, name is a name of glory Ps 72:19, Ne 9:5; his eyes eyes of glory Is 3:8; in the temple his glory is seen Ps 63:3; it is על השׁמים Ps 113:4; על כל הארץ Ps 57:6, 57:12; in a thunderstorm he is אֵל הַכָּבוֹד Ps 29:3; his glory is לְעוֹלָם Ps 104:31; it is great Ps 138:5; above all the earth Ps 108:6; the whole earth is full of it Is 6:3 the heavens are declaring כְּבוֹד אֵל Ps 19:2; with reference to the divine reign הֲדַר מַלְכוּתוֹ כּ׳, Ps 145:12; הֲדַר כ׳ הוֹדְֶָ Ps 145:5. (3) he is מֶלֶח הַכָּבוֹד Ps 24:7, 24:8, 24:9, 24:10, 24:10; he will appear in his glory Ps 102:17, his glory will be revealed in a march through the wilderness to the holy land Is 40:5, the land will see it Is 35:2, shine with it Ez 43:3, and it will dwell in the land Ps 85:10; it will be to the rearward of Israel Is 58:8; it will arise and be seen upon Jerusalem Is 60:1, 60:2; Yahweh will be the glory in the midst of her Zc 2:9; the temple will be filled with it Hg 2:7; the earth will be filled with a knowledge of it Hb 2:14, and with it Nu 14:21 (JE) Ps 72:19; it will be declared among the nations and all will see it Is 66:18, 66:19, 66:19, Ps 97:6 and peoples and kings revere it Ps 102:16, Is 59:19; י׳ will reign before his elders in glory Is 24:23; the resting-place of the Messiah will be כָּבוֹד Is 11:10.

3. honour, dignity of position מנע מִכּ׳ withhold from honour Nu 24:11 (E); ירד מִכּ׳ descend from Je 48:18; שׁלח אחר כ׳ send after Zc 2:12; רוּם בכ׳ Ps 112:9; שׁכב בכ׳ Is 14:18; תמך כ׳ Pr 29:23; יַרְבֶּה כ׳ Dn 11:39; לקח֔ כ׳ take me to honour Ps 73:24; not becoming to fools Pr 26:1; לפני כ׳ ענוה before honour (goeth) humility Pr 15:33, 18:22; antithesis קלון Ho 4:7, Hb 2:16, Pr 3:35, קִיִקָלוֹן Hb 2:16; כָּבוֹד is used as collective, of honoured men, dignitaries, nobility כבוד ישׂראל Mi 1:15; elsewhere as cstr. before various nations or with sfs. only Is 5:13, 8:7, 10:16, 16:14, 17:3, 17:4, 21:16, 22:24.

4. honour, reputation, of character, of man וְלאֹ־לְְ לְכ׳ 2 Ch 26:18 neither will it be for thine honour; ‖חכמה Ec 10:1; חדקה Pr 21:21; antith. כְּלִמָּה Ps 4:3; וְחֵקֶר כְּבֹדָם כָּבוֹד Pr 25:27 and searching out of their glory is (not) glory לאישׁ כ׳ Pr 20:3; אֱלֽהִים כ׳ מְלָכִים חֲקֹר דָּבָר הַסְתֵּר דָּבָר וכ׳ Pr 25:2 the honour of God is to conceal a thing, but the honour of kings is to search out a thing.

5. my honour, poet. of the seat of honour in the inner man, the noblest part of man ‖נפשׁי Gn 49:6 (poem) Ps 7:6; לִבִּי Ps 16:9, 108:2; it is called upon to זמּר Ps 30:13 (rd. כְּבוֹדִי for כָּבוֹד); עוּרָה Ps 57:9.

6. honour, reverence, glory, as due to one or ascribed to one: a. of men, due to a father Mal 1:6; honour done to David by Nathan's prophecy 1 Ch 17:18; לְ עשׂה כ׳ 2 Ch 32:33 do honour to; לְ נתן כ׳ Pr 26:8; ‖ישׁע Ps 62:8. b. of God, כְּבוֹדִי the honour due to me (Yahweh) Is 42:8, 43:7, 48:11 שְׁמְֶָ כ׳ Ps 79:9; לְ נתן כ׳ 1 S 6:5, Je 13:16, Mal 2:2, Ps 115:1; לְ שׂים כ׳ Jos 7:19 (J), Is 42:12; שׂים כ׳ תהלתוֹ Ps 66:2; ועז לְ יהב כ׳ Ps 29:1, 96:7 = 1 Ch 16:28; שְׁמוֹ לְ יהב כ׳ Ps 29:2, 96:8 = 1 Ch 16:29; שְׁמוֹ זמּר כ׳ Ps 66:2; ספּר כבודו בגוים Ps 96:3 = 1 Ch 16:24; אמר מלכותך כ׳ Ps 145:11; נתן כבודי בגוים Ez 39:21; אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד Ps 29:9 say Glory; יִעְלְזוּ בְּכ׳ exult with (ascriptions of) glory Ps 149:5.

7. glory as the object of honour, reverence and glorifying, כְּבוֹדִי Ps 3:4 my glory (the one whom I glorify); כְּבוֹדָם Ps 106:20 their glory; כְּבוֹדוֹ Je 2:11.

† כְּבוּדָּ֯ה n.f. abundance, riches Ju 18:21. See also I. [כָּבוֹד]. p. 458

כְּבֵדֻת n.f. heaviness, וַיְנַהֲגֵהוּ בִּכ׳ Ex 14:25 (J) and they drave them with heaviness (difficulty).

† [כָּבָה] vb. be quenched, extinguished, go out, of fire or lamp (NH id.; Aram. כְּבָא id. of light of eyes (rare))—Qal Pf. 3 pl. כָּבוּ Is 43:17; Impf. יִכְבֶּה 1 S 3:3, Pr 21:18; 3 fs. תִּכְבֶּה Lv 6:5 + 10 t.; Inf. cstr. כְּבוֹתְְ Ez 32:7 LXX SyrVer Vulgate Co (MT כַּבּ׳ Pi)—be quenched, extinguished (c. neg. exc. 1 S 3:3, Pr 26:20, Is 43:17), of lamp (נֵר אֱלֽהִים) in sanctuary 1 S 3:3; of altar-fire Lv 6:5, 6:6; of נֵרָהּ Pr 31:18; of bodies of renegade Israelites Is 66:24 (cf. גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם); subj. אֵשׁ fig. of contention Pr 26:20; fig., subj. fire kindled by י׳ Ez 21:3, 21:4; subj. wrath (חֵמָה) of י׳ 2 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 34:25, Je 7:20; wrath under fig. of fire (אֵשׁ) Je 17:27; so of burning land of Edom Is 34:10; of annihilation of Yahweh's enemies Is 43:17 (כַּפִּשְׁתָּה; ‖דָּעַח), cf. Pharaoh Ez 32:7 (v. supr.) Pi. Pf. וְכִבּוּ consec. 2 S 14:7; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְכַבֶּנָּה Is 42:3; 2 ms. תְּכַבֶּה 2 S 21:17; וַיְכַבּוּ 2 Ch 29:7; Inf. כַּבּוֹת Ct 8:7; also MT כַּבּוֹתְְ Ez 32:7 (but cf. supr.); Pt. מְכַבֶּה Is 1:31 + 3 t.;—quench, extinguish, fig. except 2 Ch 29:7 (of extinguishing lamps, נֵרוֹת, in temple); sq. נֵר יִשְׂרָאֵל (fig. for life of David) 2 S 21:17; sq. גַּחַלְתִּי (coal = family-hope) 2 S 14:7 (of killing widow's only son); sq. פִּשְׁתָּה כֵהָה Is 42:3 dimly-burning wick (fig. of spiritually weak); implied obj. ref. to wrath of י׳ Am 5:6, Je 4:4, 21:12; to people and idols Is 1:31; sq. love אַהֲבָה Ct 8:7 (subj. מַיִם רַבִּים); Ez 32:7 cf. supr.

† כָּבוּל n.pr.loc. 1. city on border of Asher Jos 19:27, mod. Kâbûl, 4 h. (9 miles) SE. from Akko, Rob:BR iii, 88 Guêrin:Gal, i. 422 f. 2. אֶרֶץ כָּבוּל district in Galilee 1 K 9:13 containing 20 cities given by Sol. to Hiram (popular etymol. poss. כּ as + בֻּל = בַּל not, i.e. as good as nothing, cf. v:12, so Ew Th; Klo conject. ארץ גָּלִיל), Buhl:Geogr. § 116.

כבל (√ of foll. = bind; NH כָּבַל bind, כֶּבֶל fetter; Aram. כְּבַל id., כַּבְלָא id., ܟܒܰܠ, ܟܶܒܠܳܐ; Ar كَبَلَ bind, كَبْلُ fetter).

† כֶּ֫בֶל n.[m.] fetter (s), late;—sg. coll. עִנּוּ רגליו בַכּ׳ Ps 105:18 they humbled his feet with fetters (‖בַּרְזֶל); pl. cstr. אסר בְּכַבְּלֵי בַרְזֶל 149:8 (‖זִקִּים).

כבן (√ of foll., mng. dub.; NH כָּבַן, Aram. כבן, ܟܒܶܢ = wrap round, wrap up).

† כַּבּוֹן n.pr.loc. in Judah Jos 15:40 poss. = foll., LXX Χαβρα, LXXL Χαββω.

† מַכְבֵּנָה (van d. H מַכְבֵּנָא) n.pr.loc. 1 Ch 2:49 (represented as having שְׁוָא for father; poss. = foregoing), LXX Μαχβανα, LXXL Μαξβανα.

† מַכְבַּנַּי n.pr.m. a hero of David 1 Ch 12:14.

[כָּבַס]:51 vb. (tread), wash (NH id.; Ph. כבס as pt.; As. kabâsu, tread (down), subjugate, kibšu, step, path, Dl:HWB)—Qal Pt. only מְסִלַּת שְׂדֵה כוֹבֵס highway of fuller's (= treader's, washer's) field Is 7:3, 36:2 = 2 K 18:17. Pi. Pf. וְכִּבֶּס consec. Lv 13:6 + 11 t.; כִּבֵּס Gn 49:11, 2 S 19:25, etc.; Impf. יְכַבֵּס Lv 11:25 + 16 t.; 2 ms. sf. תְּכַבְּסֵנִי Ps 51:9, etc.; Imv. sf. כַּבְּסֵנִי 51:4; fs. כַּבְּסִי Je 4:14; Pt. pl. מְכַבְּסִים Mal 3:2; —

1. wash garments (i.e. by treading) Ex 19:10, 19:14 (E), 2 S 19:25; fig. of Judah Gn 49:11; elsewhere chiefly P: Lv 6:20, 11:25, 11:28, 13:6, 13:34, 15:11, Nu 8:9 +; ‖רָחץ (which = wash person) Lv 14:8, 14:9, 15:5, 15:6, 15:7, 15:8, 15:10, 15:11 + (כ׳ in Lv 27 t., ‖ר׳ 15 t.; in Nu 8 t., ‖ר׳ 3 t.); Pt. = fuller (cf. Qal), only בֹּרִית מְכ׳ Mal 3:2. †

2. wash person, only poet. and fig. אִם תְּכַבְּסִי בַּנֶּתֶר Je 2:22; כַּבְּסִי מֵרָעָה לִבֵח 4:14; c. sf. Ps 51:4 (‖טהר; + מֵעָוֹן); v:9 (‖חִטֵּא). † Pu. Pf. וְכֻבַּס consec. Lv 13:58, 15:17 be washed, of garment. † Hothp. (Ges:§ 54, 3) Inf. אַחֲרֵי הֻכַּבֵּס אֶת־הַנֶּגַע Lv 13:55 after the plague is washed out, so v:56.

† I. [כָּבַר] vb. be much, many (as. kabâru, be great, mighty; kabru, great, huge; Ar. كَبُرَ be great, in body, rank, or age, ܟܰܒܺܝܪܽܢ great, noble, aged; Eth. kabra: be honoured, magnified; kbur: honoured, glorious; Sab. epith. כבר Hal:Ét. Sab. JAs. Dec. 1874, No. 90; Syr. ܟܒܰܪ, ܐܰܟܒܰܪ for Heb. רָבָה, הִרְבָּה, ܟܰܒܺܝܪ (rare) much; Zinj. be abundant, numerous)—Hiph. (only Elihu) make many, Jb 35:16 בִּבְלִי דַעַת מִלִּין יַכְבִּר (cf. וְיֶרֶב אֲמָרָיו 34:37) > make great, Bu:Beitr. 138, comparing 8:2; מַכְבִּיר with the force of a subst. (Ew:§ 160 c) 36:31 לְמַכְֶבִּיר יתן אכל giveth food in abundance (= prose לָוֹב, e.g. 2 Ch 11:23).

† כַּבִּיר adj. great, mighty, much only poet., and only Jb Is:1:—Is 10:13 Qr (but rd. as Kt כְּאַבִּיר), 17:12 and 28:2 מים כבירים (usu. מַיִם רַבִּים), Jb 8:2 ורוח כביר אמרי פיך a mighty wind, 15:10 כביר מאביך ימים (Ges:§ 131, R 5a) = aged: of God, 34:17 כַּבִּיר חַדִּיק the just mighty one, 36:5 a, v:b כֹּחַ לֵב כ׳ mighty in strength of understanding; 34:24 כבירים mighty men; of quantity = much, Is 16:14 שְׁאָר מְעַט מִזְעָר לוֹא כַבִּיר, Jb 31:25 וכי כביר מחאה ידי had gotten much.

† [כִּבְרָה] n.f. appar. distance, only in the phr. ארץ(ה)כִּבְרַת a distance of land or length of way, Gn 35:16 לָכוֹא אֶפְרָתָה ה׳ וַיְהִי עוֹד כ׳, 48:7 לָבאֹ אֶפְרָתָה א׳ בְּעוֹד כ׳, 2 K 5:19 אָָרֶץ וַיֵּלֶח מֵאִתּוֹ כ׳. The distance meant is uncertain, but fr. 2 K 5:19 it would seem to have been a short one; v. further Di:Gn 35:16 and Thes (As. kibrâti is a (widely extended) territory, quarter of the world, etc., Dl:HWB 315; according to Hoffm.:GGAbh. xxxvi (1890), 23–25 perhaps the distance that one can see).

† I. כְּבָר adv. (late) already (freq. in Mish. and NH; Targum כבר (rare); Syr. ܟܒܰܪ usu. perhaps, occas. already (Mt 11:21 Hb not found10:2); Mand. כבאר already, Nö:M. p. 202. Der. uncertain, connexion with √ כבר being dub.)—already, Ec 1:10 כְּבָר הָיָה it hath already been, 2:12, 2:16, 3:15, 3:15, 4:2, 6:10, 9:6, 9:7.

† II. כְּבָר n.pr.fl. Kĕ bār, a river (or perhaps a canal) of Babylonia, not at present identified, by wh. the exiles, among whom Ez. ministered, were settled; always in the phr. נְהַר כְּבָר Ez 1:1, 1:3, 3:15, 3:23, 10:15, 10:20, 10:22, 43:3 (cf. Sm: Ez 1:1 Del:Par. 47 f., 184).

II. כבר (√ of foll.; ? to intertwine, net; NH כָּבַר sift is denom. fr. כְּבָרָה).

† [כָּבִיר] n.[m.] prob. something netted, i.e. either a quilt or (Ew:H. 8. 77 Ke) a fly-net (κωνωπεῖον) spread over the face while a person was asleep; 1 S 19:13, 19:16 כְּבִיר הָעִזִּים a quilt (or fly-net) of goats (’ hair). Vid. further Dr:ad loc.

† כְּבָרָה n.f. a sieve (a net-like implement), Am 9:9 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִנּוֹעַ בַּכְּבָרָה as it (corn) is shaken (i.e. sifted) in a sieve. Cf. Wetzst:ZPV xiv. 1 ff.

† מַכְבֵּר n.[m.] a netted cloth or coverlet; 2 K 8:15 of the cloth which Hazael dipped in water, and spread over Ben-hand's face to smother him.

מִכְבָּר n.m. grating or lattice-work, cstr. מִכְבַּר;—Ex 27:4 and thou shalt make for it (the altar of burnt-offering in the tab.) מִכְבָּר מַעֲשֵׂה רֶשֶׁת נְהשֶׁת a grating, (even) a network of bronze, which surrounded the lower half of the altar (v:5 b): so 38:4; מִכְבַּר הַנְּחשֶׁת 35:16, 38:5, 38:30, 39:39.

כֶּ֫בֶשׂ:107 n.m.:Ex 29:38 lamb (√ dub.: NH id., battering-ram; As. kabsûu, lamb acc. to COT:Gloss; Ar. كَبْشُ is ram, leader; Syr. ܟܶܒܫܳܐ lamb, with anom. ܫ, is very rare, and prob. loan-word; Nö in Frä:109)—כ׳ abs. Ex 29:39 + 43 t.; pl. כְּבָשִׂים v:38 + 61 t.; sf. כְּבָשַׂי Jb 31:20; —

1. lamb, for sacrif.: Is 1:11; of daily offering Ex 29:38, 29:39, 29:39, 29:40, 29:41, Nu 28:3, 28:4, 28:4 + 12 t. Nu 28; sin-offering Lv 4:32; purification 12:6, 14:10 + 5 t. Lv 14; dedication of altar Nu 7:15 + 25 t. Nu 7; offerings in 7th month 29:2 + 22 t. Nu 29, etc. (87 t. Ex Lv Nu all P); in Ezekiel's temple Ez 46:4 + 6 t. Ez 46; 1 Ch 29:21, 2 Ch 29:21, 29:22, 29:32, 35:7, Ezr 8:35, cf. sim. Je 11:19.

2. lambs, as grazing; symb. of devastation Is 5:17 (cf. Gie:Beitr. 1890), sim. of Isr. Ho 4:16; in predict. וְגָר זְאֵב עִם־כ׳ Is 11:6.

3. lambs, as furnishing wool for clothing: Jb 31:20 גֵּז כ׳, Pr 27:26 לִלְבוּשְֶָׁ כ׳.

† כִּבְשָׂה, כַּבְשָׂה n.f. ewe-lamb; כִּ׳ 2 S 12:3, 12:6; כַּ׳ Lv 14:10, Nu 6:14; cstr. כִּבְשַׂת 2 S 12:4; pl. כְּבָשׂת Gn 21:29, 21:30; cstr. כִּבְשׂת v:28; —ewe-lambs (7) set in witness Gn 21:28, 21:29, 21:30 (E); used in sacrif. Lv 14:10 (purif.), Nu 6:14 (Nazirite; both P, and both ‖כָּבֶשׂ); for food, in Nathan's parable 2 S 12:3, 12:4, 12:6.

† כֶּ֫שֶׂב n[m.] lamb (transp. fr. preceding)—כ׳ abs. Lv 3:7 + 5 t.; pl. כְּשָׂבִים Gn 30:32 + 6 t.;—lamb, as property Gn 30:32, 30:33, 30:35, 30:40 (J); for sacrif. Lv 1:10, 3:7, 4:35, 22:19, Nu 18:17, cf. Lv 22:27; for food Lv 7:23, cf. 17:3 (all P); Dt 14:4.

† כִּשְׂבָּה n.f. ewe-lamb Lv 5:6 (P).

† [כָּבַשׁ] vb. subdue, bring into bondage (NH id., press, oppress; Aram. כְּבַשׁ, ܟܒܰܫ tread down, beat or make a path, subdue; Ar. كَبَسَ press, squeeze, knead (body or limb, as in the bath, message), also attack, assault)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. וְכָֽבְשׁוּ consec. Zc 9:15; Impf. יִכְבּוֹשׁ Mi 7:19; וַיִּכְבְּשׁוּם Je 34:11 Qr (Kt Hiph), etc.; Imv. pl. sf. כִּבְשֻׁהָ Gn 1:28; Inf. כְּבוֹשׁ 2 Ch 28:10, Est 7:8; Pt. כֹּבְשִׁים Ne 5:5; —

1. bring into bondage, sq. acc. + לַעֲבָדִים Je 34:11, 34:16, 2 Ch 28:10, Ne 5:5.

2. (late) subdue, force, a woman Est 7:8 (= earlier עִנָּה).

3. subdue, dominate, the earth Gn 1:28 (P), Zc 9:15 (of conquest); tread down, sq. אַבְנֵי־קֶלַע; fig. subdue, sq. עֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ Mi 7:19. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִכְבְּשָׁה Jos 18:1 + 3 t.; Pt. fpl. נִכְבָּשׁוֹת Ne 5:5; —pass. of Qal 1, subj. בְּנוֹתֵינוּ Ne 5:5; of Qal 3, subj. הָאָרֶץ (of conquest) Nu 32:22, 32:29, Jos 18:1 (all P), 1 Ch 22:18. Pi. Pf. כִּבֵּשׁ 2 S 8:11, obj. גּוֹיִם (of conquest). Hiph. Impf. bring into bondage, sq. acc. + לַעֲבָדִים Je 34:11 Kt (Qr Qal).

† כֶּ֫בֶשׁ n.[m.] footstool (late) (NH id., step, stair; Aram. כִּבְשָׁא, etc., a rude seat (rare))—הַזָּהָב כ׳ 2 Ch 9:18 (of Solomon's throne).

† כִּבְשָׁן n.m. kiln, for lime or pottery (so Ki, AW; Mishn:Kel viii. 9; √ and original mng. dub.; acc. to Thes as subduing, reducing its contents, cf. igne ferrum domatur Plin:Nat. Hist. 36. 27)—alw. abs.; only in קִיטוֹר הַכּ׳ Gn 19:28 (J; sim. of smoke of כִּכָּר, Sodom and Gom.); עֶשֶׁן הַכּ׳ Ex 19:18 (E; sim. of smoke of Sinai); פִּיחַ כ׳ ashes of kiln Ex 9:8, cf. v:10 (both P).

כדד (√ of foll.; Ar. كَدَّ is toil severely; كَدَّ fatigue, weary, harass, tread; كَدُّ mortar in which things are pounded, bruised; كُدَادَةُ what remains in bottom of cooking-pot).

† כַּד n.f. jar (NH id.; Aram. כַּדָּא)—כַּד abs. 1 K 17:12, Ec 12:6; cstr. 1 K 17:14, 17:16; כַּדֵּח Gn 24:14, 24:17, 24:43 etc.; pl. כַּדִּים Ju 7:16, 7:16 + 3 t.;—water-jar, carried on woman's shoulder Gn 24:14, 24:15, 24:16, 24:17, 24:18, 24:20, 24:43, 24:45, 24:46 (all J), 1 K 18:34, Ec 12:6; empty (of water), containing lamps Ju 7:16, 7:19, 7:20; containing meal 1 K 17:12, 17:14, 17:16. (On extra-Palest. hist. of this word cf. Lag:BN 104.)

† [כִּידוֹד] n.m. spark (fr. above √, = strike out a spark, acc. to Thes RobGes, cf. Sta:§ 216 (doubtfully), Lag:BN 182 Kö:ii. 147, § 71. 1, NH כִּדּוֹד = rod (of iron, etc.); כִּדּוֹדִיּוֹתְ שֶׁל אֵשׁ i.e. red-hot rods; but Ba:NB § 142, 139 der. this and כַּדְכִּד fr. √ כיד = Ar. كيد, كَادَ emit fire (said of a fire-stick, زَنْدُ, Lane:2639 b, cf. 1257 b), and so Buhl)—only pl. cstr. כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ Jb 41:11 of breath of crocodile (‖לַפִּידִים).

† כַּדְכֹּד n.[m]. a precious stone, perh. ruby (fr. sparkle ?; Aram. ‖ is כַּדְכְּדָנָא); כ׳ Ez 27:16 as article of commerce; כַּדְכַֹד Is 54:12 fig. in promise to Zion.

כְּדֵי v. דַּי. p. 191

כדר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. كَدَرَ VII. shoot or rush down (of hawk, star, etc.; also of an attacking force) so Thes Fl in De:Job 15:24 Buhl Di al.; v. also mod. Ar. كدّر annoy, vex, reprimand, Spiro:Vocab.; كدر oftener be dark, gloomy, turbid, whence > כידור = seething tumult, of battle, cf. Kö:ii, 147, § 71, 1).

† כִּידוֹר n.[m.] onset, מֶלֶח עָתִיד לַכּ׳ Jb 15:24 a king ready for the onset.

† כַּדּוּר n.[m.] ball, acc. to Bö:NÄ ii, 134 De Or al. Is 22:18, as in Talm.; circle, cordon (As. kudûru), acc. to Jastr:PAOS, Oct. 1888, xcvi; v. also דּוּר p. 189 b.

† כְּדָרְלָעֹמֶר n.pr.m. king of Elam (= Babylon. Kudar-Laga[mar] (Lagamaru = n.pr.div.), v. Pinches:Vict. Inst. Jan. 20, 1896 Say:PSBA, June 1896, 176 Scheil:Rev. Bibl. 1896, 600 f., cf. Schr:COT)—Gn 14:1, 14:4, 14:5, 14:9, 14:17.

כֹּה dmonstr. adv. thus, here (BA כָּה; Targum SyrVer:Jerus. Mand. כָּא here: in Syr. with prefixes ܠܟܳܐ hither, ܡܶܟܳܐ (SyrVer:Jerus. ܡܶܢ ܟܳܐ) hence, ܐܰܝܟܳܐ where? cf. אֵיכָה, p. 32, and Kö:ii. 1, 252)—

1. of manner, thus (so most freq., and usually pointing to what is to follow, while כֵּן points commonly to what has preceded), Gn 15:5 כה יהיה זרעך thus shall thy seed be, Nu 6:23, 1 K 2:30 כֹּה דִבֶּר יוֹאָב וְכֹה עָנָנִי, 5:25, Is 24:13 (answered by בְּ, as Je 23:29); with a subst. Is 20:6 הִנֵּה כֹה מַבָּטֵנוּ, Je 9:21 (si vera l.), 23:29, 1 S 27:11. Mostly confined to particular phrases: thus a. with diff. forms of אמר, כה תאמר thus shalt thou say Ex 3:14, 3:15, 19:3, 20:22 etc.; esp. י“כה אמר י thus saith (or said) י׳ Ex 4:22, 5:1, 7:17, 7:26, 8:16 etc.; and continually in the prophets, as Is 7:7, 8:11, 18:4 etc.; Je 2:2, 2:5, 4:27, 6:16 etc.; also in the idiom. formula אִם כֹּה יאֹמַר if he say (or used to say) (the words spoken following) † Gn 31:8, 1 S 14:9, 14:10, 20:7, 2 S 15:26. b. with עשׂה to do thus, Ex 5:15, Dt 7:5; pointing back, Nu 22:30, Jos 6:14, 1 S 27:11 al.; esp. in the phrase כה יעשׂה אלהים וכה יוסיף (with variations), 1 S 3:17 + (v. יסף), in which כֹּה points to an imprecation understood but not expressed. With בְּ prefixed † 1 K 22:20 ויאמר זה בְּכֹה וזה אמר בְּכֹה and one spake in this wise, and another spake in that wise (‖ 2 Ch 18:19 כָּכָה…כָכָה; prob. rightly). †

2. of place, here (rare, chiefly in E), Gn 31:37 שִׂים כֹּה place it here before my brethren, Nu 23:15, 23:15, 2 S 18:30, Ru 2:8. Repeated, Ex 2:12 וַיִּפֶן כֹּה וָכֹה and he turned this way and that way; כֹּה…כֹּה on this side…on that side Nu 11:31. With עַד Gn 22:5 and we will go עַד־כֹּה as far as here (δεικτικῶς) i.e. yonder. †

3. of time, עַד כֹּה hitherto, Ex 7:16 (cf. עַד־הֵנָּה), Jos 17:14; עַד־כֹּה וְעַד־כֹּה till now and till then, i.e. meanwhile, 1 K 18:45.

כָּ֫כָה:37 adv. thus (NH abbrev. to כָּח, with preps. בֵּין כָּח meanwhile, לְפִיכָח therefore; prob. either from כָה and כְּ, lit. as thus, Ol:§ 223 h; or from כָּה כָה Kö:ii. 1, 253), somewhat more emph. than כֹּה, usu. prefixed to word which it qualifies:—Ex 12:11 וככה תאכלו אתו and thus shall ye eat it, 29:35, Nu 8:26, 11:15 ואם ככה את עשׂה לי, 15:11, 15:12, 15:13, Dt 25:9, 29:23 (cf. 1 K 9:8, Je 22:8); so often with עשׂה: 1 S 19:17 למה ככה רמיתני why hast thou thus deceived me ? 2 S 17:21, 1 K 1:6, 1:48, Je 13:9, 19:11, 28:11, 51:64; once with an adj. 2 S 13:4 מדוע אתה כָכָה דל why art thou thus lean ? Ec 11:5 answering to כַּאֲשֶׁר; Ps 144:15 העם שֶׁכָּכָה לוֹ the people to which it is thus. Once 2 Ch 18:19 repeated, in this way…in that way (‖ 1 K 22:20 בְּכֹה…בְּכֹה). Comp. the syn. כָּזאֹת. With a prep. once, in late Hebrew, Est 9:26 עַל־כָּ֫כָה concerning such a matter. With the interrog. אי, אֵיכָכָה how ? (p. 32).

† I. [כָּהָה] vb. be or grow dim, faint (NH id.; Aram. כְּהָא; cf. Ar. كَهِيَ be أَكْهَي, i.e. weak, cowardly)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. כָּֽהֲתָה Dt 34:7; Impf. יִכְהֶה Is 42:4; 3 fs. תִּכְהֶה Zc 11:17; וַתֵּ֫כַהּ Jb 17:7; וַתִּכְהֶיןָ Gn 27:1; Inf. abs. כָּהֹה Zc 11:17; —grow dim, of eye Gn 27:1 (J), Dt 34:7, Jb 17:7; of violent putting out of eye Zc 11:17, 11:17; he shall not grow dim Is 42:4, of servant of י׳ under fig. of lamp or fire (v. Kay Che De), or grow faint (cf. Di). Pi. Pf. 3 fs. וְכִהֲתָה consec. Ez 21:12 (subj. כָּל־רוּחַ; ‖וְנָמֵס כָּל־לֵב) grow faint (Pi intrans., Ges:§ 52 k, Kö:i. 187; but rd. perh. כָּֽהֲתָה).

† [כֵּהֶה] adj. dim, dull, faint; only f. כֵּהָה Lv 13:6 + 6 t.; pl. כֵּהוֹת Lv 13:39, 1 S 3:2; —dim, of eyes 1 S 3:2; of burning wick (כִּשְׁתָּה כ׳) Is 42:3; dull (in colour, of plague-spots) Lv 13:6, 13:21, 13:26, 13:39, 13:56; fig. = faint רוּחַ כ׳ Is 61:3 (opp. מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה).

† כֵּהָה n.f. (dimming), lessenging, alleviation;—לְשִׁבְרְְ אֵין כ׳ of Nineveh Na 3:19 (read גֵּהָה, healing ?).

† II. [כָּהָה] vb. Pi. rebuke (Syr. ܟܳܐܐ, Mand. כהא (Nö:M. 72) id.), only 1 S 3:13 sq. בְּ, וְלאֹ כִהָה בָּם.

כהן (√ of foll.; mng. dub., v. Dr:2 S 8:18; Ar. vb. كَهَنَ is divine, and كَاهِنُ (Qor 52:29) is a seer, the organ (mostly) of a jinn, rarely of a god: the كَاهِنُ and the כֹּהֵן must have been orig. identical (both alike being guardians of an oracle, at a sanctuary); but their functions diverged: the كَاهِنُ gradually lost his connexion with the sanctuary, and sank to be a mere diviner; the כהן acquired fuller sacrif. functions: v. RS:Enc. Brit. ed. 9, xix. 727; We:Skizzen iii. 130 ff., 167; Now:Arch. ii. 89 f.; Ph. כהן is priest, כהנת priestess).

כֹּהֵן:750 n.m. priest (NH כֹּהֵן; Aram. כָּהֵין, כַּהֲנָא, ܟܳܗܶܢ, ܟܳܗܢܳܐ; Eth. k4hn: all id.; on Ph. and Ar. v. supr.);—כ׳ Gn 14:18 + 439 t.; pl. כֹּהֲנִים Ex 19:6 + 272 t.; cstr. כֹּהֲנֵי 1 S 5:5 + 13 t.; sf. כֹּהֲנַי La 1:19 + 22 t. sfs.—†

1. priest-king: e.g. Melchizedek Gn 14:18 (E ?), cf. Ps 110:4 (the Messianic priest-king like Melchizedek); Zc 6:13 (Messianic priest and king); Israel מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים Ex 19:6 (E) a kingdom of priests (priests and kings at once in their relation to the nations); cf. Is 61:6 (of Israel ministering as a priest); or a chieftain (exercising priestly functions) כֹּהֵן מִדְיָן Ex 2:16, 3:1, 18:1 (all JE); so also probably the sons of David 2 S 8:18, his grandson 1 K 4:5, and Ira the Jairite 2 S 20:26, who as princes performed priestly functions. With these we may class the כהנים Ex 19:22, 19:24 (J). †

2. priests of other religions than י׳ 's: Potiphera אֹן כ׳ Gn 41:45, 41:50 (E), 46:20 (P); Egyptian כהנים Gn 47:22, 47:22, 47:26 (J); דָגוֹן כ׳ 1 S 5:5; Philistine כהנים וקסמים 1 S 6:2; כֹּהֲנָיו his priests: e.g. of Baal 2 K 10:19 = of Ahab 2 K 10:11; of Chemosh Je 48:7; of Malcam Je 49:3; Mattan was הבעל כ׳ 2 K 11:18 = 2 Ch 23:17; הכמרים עם הכהנים Zp 1:4; Josiah burned the bones of the priests of the Baalim and Asherim 2 Ch 34:5. †

3. priests of special orders in Israel: a. Micah in the hill-country of Ephraim consecrated his own son וַיְהִי־לוֹ לְכֹהֵן Ju 17:5; but so soon as he could secure Jonathan ben Gershom, a descendant of Moses (see VB Ju 18:30), he consecrated him, לכהן היה ל׳ Ju 17:10, 17:12, 17:13, 18:4, 18:19; הַכֹּהֵן v:6, v:17, v:18, v:20, v:24, v:27. He was captured by the Danites, and he and his line became priests at Dan until the Exile, v:19, v:19, v:30. b. Jeroboam עשׂה כהנים 1 K 12:31 of those not מבני לוי, as בָּמוֹת(הַ) כ׳ priests of (the) high places 1 K 12:32, 13:2, 13:33, 13:33 = לבמות כ׳ 2 Ch 11:15; Amaziah (of this class) was בית־אל כ׳ Am 7:10; v. also 2 Ch 13:9; called by Chr לְלאֹ אלהים כ׳ v:9; yet Hosea rebukes them as priests of י׳ Ho 4:4, 4:9, 5:1, 6:9; at the Exile they were deported by the Assyrians 2 K 17:27, 17:28. c. the people imported into Samaria made some of themselves במות כ׳ to worship י׳ the God of the land 2 K 17:32. †

4. priests in Israel הכהנים who bore the ark and the trumpets Jos 3:13, 3:14, 3:15, 3:17, 4:3, 4:9, 4:10, 4:17, 4:18, 4:18, 6:4, 6:4, 6:6, 6:6, 6:8, 6:9, 6:12, 6:13, 6:16 (all JE), 1 K 8:3, 8:6, 8:10, 8:11; Eli was הכהן 1 S 1:9, 2:11; יהוה כ׳ 14:3; and his sons ליהוה כ׳ 1 S 1:3; a מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים 1 S 2:13 mentions the ministering priest הכהן and the נַעַר הַכ׳ 1 S 2:13, 2:14, 2:15, 2:15, Ahijah was הַכּ׳ in time of Saul 1 S 14:19, 14:19, 14:36; Abimelech הַכּ׳ at Nob, a priestly center, 1 S 21:2, 21:3, 21:5, 21:6, 21:7, 21:10, 22:11; where were many כֹּהֲנֵי י׳ 1 S 22:17, 22:17, 22:21, all slain by Saul except Abiathar son of Ahimelech 1 S 22:11, 22:18, 22:18, 22:19, who became הַכּ׳ 1 S 23:9, 30:7, 1 K 1:7, 1:19, 1:25, 1:42, 2:22, 2:26; Zadok later was הַכּ׳ 2 S 15:27, 1 K 1:8, 1:26, 1:32, 1:34, 1; 38, 1:39, 1:44, 1:45, 2:35, 3:2, 1 Ch 16:39, 24:6: so that the two were כהנים(ה) 2 S 8:17 = 1 Ch 18:16 (rd. וְאֶבְיָתָר בֶּן־אח׳ 2 S 8:17 SerVer We Dr, and correct 1 Ch 18:16 accordingly) 2 S 15:35, 15:35, 17:15, 19:12, 20:25, 1 K 4:4; Sol. removed Abiathar 1 K 2:27 and Zadok was anointed לְכֹהֵן acc. to 1 Ch 29:22; cf. prediction of rejection of house of Eli and selection of נֶאֱמָן כ׳ 1 S 2:28, 2:35; Jehoiada הַכּ׳ led the revolution against Athaliah 2 K 11:9, 11:9, 11:10, 11:15, 11:15, 11:18, 12:3, 12:8, 12:10 = 2 Ch 22:11, 23:8, 23:8, 23:9, 23:14, 23:14, 24:2, 24:20, 24:25, perh. also Je 29:26; הכהנים sustaining him in his reforms 2 K 12:5, 12:6, 12:7, 12:8, 12:9, 12:10, 12:17; Uriah was הַכּ׳ in the reign of Ahaz 2 K 16:10, 16:11, 16:11, 16:15, 16:16, Is 8:2; Hilkiah of Josiah 2 K 22:10, 22:12, 22:14, 23:24, 2 Ch 34:14, 34:18. Other individual priests are named, e.g.: Pashhur of Jehoiachin Je 20:1; Zephaniah of Zedekiah Je 21:1; 29:25; 29:26; 29:29, 37:3; הַכּ׳ is Ezekiel's title Ez 1:3. Priests are classed with officials of state: prophets and priests 2 K 23:2, Is 28:7, Je 5:31, 6:13, 8:10, 14:18, 23:11, 23:33, 23:34, 26:7, 26:8, 26:11, 26:16, 29:1, La 2:20, 4:13; priests and elders La 1:19, 4:16; king and priest La 2:6; kings, priests, and prophets Je 13:13; kings, princes, and priests Je 1:18; princes, eunuchs, and priests Je 34:19; priest, sage, and prophet Je 18:18; chiefs, priests, and prophets Mi 3:11; prophets, priests, and elders Ez 7:26; kings, princes, priests, and prophets Je 2:26, 4:9, 8:1, 32:32; princes, judges, prophets, and priests Zp 3:4; seeming to exclude any other officials. Apparently in the same generic sense הכהנים Je 1:1, 2:8, 27:16, 28:1, 28:5, 29:25, 31:14; כַּכֹּהֵן Is 24:2; כהנים Jb 12:19; כהניה La 1:4, Ez 22:26; כהניו Ps 78:64. Moses and Aaron among his priests Ps 99:6 includes Moses (against P). Zion's priests clothed with righteousness and salvation Ps 132:9, 132:16 = 2 Ch 6:41, prob. here also. †

5. Levitical priests הַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם Dt 17:9, 17:18, 18:1, 24:8, 27:9, Jos 3:3, 8:33 (all D), Je 33:18 (inverted), v:21 (neither in LXX), 2 Ch 5:5 (= הַכּ׳ וְהַלּ׳ 1 K 8:4: Chronicler retains original Deuteronomic reading), Ez 43:19, 44:15 (cf. 6); בְּנֵי לִוֵי הַכּ׳ Dt 21:5, 31:9; לל׳ לקח לכ׳ Is 66:21 take for priests, for Levites (of the nations in Messianic age). Doubtless of same class are: הַכֹּהֲנִים Dt 18:3, 19:17, Jos 3:6, 3:8, 4:11 (D); and הַכֹּהֵן, the priest officiating on a partic. occasion Dt 18:3, 20:2; or holding a partic. dignity 17:12, 26:3, 26:4. The כהנים of the other cities of Judah, הבמות כ׳, who were not allowed to minister in Jerusalem 2 K 23:8, 23:8, 23:9, 23:20, may be an attempt to enforce an exclusion from the priesthood of all but Levitical priests. †

6. Zadokite priests: Ezekiel distinguishes among הכהנים הלוים those of the seed of Zadok, בְּנֵי חָדוֹק; all but the latter excluded by him from priesthood 40:46, 43:19, 44:15, 48:11; the priests of his code being all Zadokites 40:45, 40:46, 42:13, 42:14, 43:24, 43:27, 44:21, 44:22, 44:30, 44:30, 44:31, 45:4, 45:19, 46:2, 46:19, 46:20, 48:10, 48:13.

7. Aaronic priests. In H. it is taken for granted that a priest is of the seed of Aaron; the pl. is never used; כֹּהֵן is used for any priest Lv 21:9, 22:10, 22:11, 22:12, 22:13; הַכֹּהֵן for Aaron Lv 21:21, and for the official priest (acting for the priesthood, almost collective) Lv 17:5, 17:6, 22:14, 23:10, 23:11, 23:20, 23:20, 27:8, 27:8, 27:8, 27:11, 27:12, 27:12, 27:14, 27:14, 27:18, 27:21, 27:23. The priests of P are בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן Lv 1:5, 1:8, 1:11, 2:2, 3:2, 21:1, Nu 3:3, 10:8, Jos 21:19; so in Chronicles 2 Ch 13:9, 13:10, 26:18, 29:21, 31:19, 35:14, 35:14; הַכֹּהֵן is used of Aaron 22 t., Eleazar 29 t., Phinehas Jos 22:30 and elsewhere; 180 t. of ministering priests, or generic of the priests; הכהנים Lv 6:22, 7:6, 13:2, 16:33, Jos 4:16; כהן Lv 6:16. Chronicles distinguishes הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם 1 Ch 13:2, 15:11, 15:14, 23:2, 24:6, 24:31, 28:13, 28:21, 2 Ch 8:15, 11:13, 13:9, 13:10, 23:4, 24:5, 29:4, 30:15, 30:25, 31:2, 31:2, 31:4, 31:9, 34:30, 35:8, 35:18 (the variants without וְ 2 Ch 23:18, 30:27 are due to copyists' errors), Ezr 1:5, 2:70, 3:8, 3:12, 6:20, 7:7, 8:29, 8:30, 9:1, Ne 7:72, 8:13, 11:3, 12:1, 12:30, 12:44, 12:44, 13:30; הלוים והכהנים 2 Ch 19:8, 30:21; priests, Levites, and others 1 Ch 9:2, Ezr 10:5, Ne 10:1, 10:29, 10:35, 11:20; בְּנֵי לֵוִי antith. to הַכּ׳ Ezr 8:15; הכהן בן אהרן עם הלוים Ne 10:39; כהנים(ה) in Chr 67 t. has the same reference, as also כֹּהֲנֵינוּ Ezr 9:7, Ne 9:32, 9:34; כֹּהֵן Ezr 2:63 = Ne 7:65; ליחוה כ׳ 2 Ch 26:17; כהניו His (God's) priests 2 Ch 13:12; מוֹרֶה כ׳ teaching priest 2 Ch 15:3; הַכֹּהֵן is used of Jehoiada in time of David 1 Ch 27:5, and Azariah in the reign of Uzziah 2 Ch 26:17. In the literature of the restoration הַכֹּהֵן is used of Ezra, Ezr 7:11, 10:10, 10:16, Ne 8:2, 8:9, 12:26; Uriah Ezr 8:33; Eliashib Ne 13:4; Shelemiah Ne 13:13; הכהנים Jo 1:9, 1:13, 2:17, Hg 2:11, 2:12, 2:13, Zc 7:5, Mal 1:6, 2:1; priests and prophets Zc 7:3; כהן Mal 2:7.

8. the high priest: הַכֹּהֵן is frequently used (see 4) to designate the priest who was at the head of priestly affairs. The adj. הַגָּדוֹל first appears of Jehoiada 2 K 12:11, then of Hilkiah 2 K 22:4, 22:8, 23:4, 2 Ch 34:9; after the exile, of Joshua Hg 1:1, 1:12, 1:14, 2:2, 2:4, Zc 3:1, 3:8, 6:11, and Eliashib Ne 3:1, 3:20, 13:28. But P uses it of Aaron and his eldest descendants who are anointed with holy oil Lv 21:10 (H; הַגָּדוֹל מֵאֶחָיו הכ׳), Nu 35:25, 35:28, 35:28, Jos 20:6, and so הַמָּשִׁיחַ הַכּ׳ Lv 4:3, 4:5, 4:16, 6:15, cf. 16:32. הָראֹשׁ כ׳ is used of Seraiah 2 K 25:18 = Je 52:24; and, in Chronicler, of Amariah 2 Ch 19:11, Jehoiada 2 Ch 24:11, Azariah 2 Ch 26:20, 31:10; of Aaron, Ezr 7:5. (We also supposes הרואה in 2 S 15:27 to be a corruption of הראשׁ, which he regards as postexilic insertion. The test is corrupt [see Dr:Sm. l. c.]; but this correction is improbable. Lists of high priests occur 1 Ch 5:30–41, 6:35–38.) A priest of second rank (מִשְׁנֶה כֹּהֵן(ה)) appears in 2 K 23:4 (cstr. pl. incorrect), 25:18 = Je 52:24; זִקְנֵי הַכּ׳ 2 K 19:2 = Is 37:2, Je 19:1; שָׂרֵי הַכּ׳ 2 Ch 36:14, Ezr 8:24, 8:29, 10:5; רָאשֵׁי הַכּ׳ Ne 12:7.

† II. [כָּהַן] vb. only Pi.denom. act. as priest;—Pf. כִּהֵן Ex 40:13, 1 Ch 5:36; 3 mpl. כִּהֲנוּ Ex 28:41, 40:15; Impf. 3 ms. יְכַהֵן Nu 3:4 + 2 t.; pl. יְכַהֲנוּ 1 Ch 24:2; Inf. cstr. כַּהֵן Ex 29:1 + 11 t.; sf. כַּהֲנוֹ Ex 28:1, 28:3, 28:4.—

1. minister as a priest, abs. Ex 31:10, 35:19, 39:41, Lv 16:32, Nu 3:3, 3:4 (all P); לִי כ׳ minister to me (י׳) Ex 28:1, 28:3, 28:4, 28:41, 29:1, 29:44, 30:30, 40:13, 40:15 (all P), Ez 44:13, Ho 4:6; ליהוה כ׳ Lv 7:35 (P), 1 Ch 5:36, 24:2, 2 Ch 11:14 (alw. of Aaron and his sons, exc. Ez 44:13, 2 Ch 11:14, where Levites are forbidden to minister; and Ho 4:6 of Israel, whose national priesthood is taken away).

2. be or become priest Dt 10:6 (E ?).

3. play the priest: כֶּחָתָן יְכַהֵן פְּאֵר Is 61:10 as a bridegroom (that) priests it with his turban, decks himself with a splendid turban such as the priests wore.

† כְּהֻנָּה n.f. priesthood;—abs. כ׳ Ex 29:9 + 5 t.; cstr. כְּהֻנַּת Nu 25:13 + 2 t.; sf. כְּהֻנַּתְכֶם Nu 18:1, 18:7, 18:7; כְּהֻנָּתָם Nu 3:10; pl. כְּהֻנּוֹת 1 S 2:36.—כהנת יהוה priesthood of י׳, the portion of the Levites Jos 18:7 (D); pl. priest's offices 1 S 2:36; elsewhere Ex 29:9, 40:15, Nu 3:10, 16:10, 18:1, 18:7, 18:7, 25:13 (all P), Ezr 2:62 = Ne 7:64, Ne 13:29, 13:29.

† כּוּב n.pr.gent. Ez 30:5, rd. לוּב LXX Sta:Pop. Jav. 6 Co, cf. Sm.

† כּוֹבַע n.m. helmet (√ dub.; NH כּוֹבַע, Aram. כּוֹבְעָא turban; cf. קוֹבַע Ez 23:24)—abs. כ׳ Ez 27:10; כּוֹבָָע 38:5; cstr. כּ֫וֹבַע (Ew:§ 213, f.) 1 S 17:5, Is 59:17; pl. כּוֹבָעִים Je 46:4, 2 Ch 26:14; —helmet, of bronze נְחשֶׁת עַל־ראֹשׁוֹ כ׳ 1 S 17:5; Je 46:4, Ez 27:10, 38:5, 2 Ch 26:14; fig. of י׳, יְשׁוּעָה וַיִּלְבַּשׁ חְדָקָה כַּשִּׁרְיָן וְכ׳ בְּראֹשׁוֹ Is 59:17.

† [כָּוָה] vb. burn, scorch, brand (NH id.; Aram. ܟܗܳܐ esp. Pa.; Ar. كَوَي cauterize)—Niph. Impf. 2 ms. תִּכָּוֶה Is 43:2 thou shalt not be scorched (fig. of Isr., ‖בָּעַר); 3 fpl. וְרַגְלָיו לאֹ תִּכָּוֶי֑נָה Pr 6:28 shall a man walk on the coals and his feet not be burned ? (‖שָׂרַף of garments v:27).

† כִּי n.[m.] burning, branding (for form, cf. רִי from רָוָה, אִי, חִי, עִי: Ko:ii. 1. 64)—only כִּי תַּחַת יֹ֑פִי Is 3:24 branding instead of beauty, in judgment on women of Jerusalem. p. 471

† כְּוִיָּה n.f. id.; תַּחַת כ׳ כ׳ Ex 21:25.

† מִכְוָה n.f. burnt-spot, scar of a burn; מִכְוַת־אֵשׁ Lv 13:24; מִכְוָה v:24, v:25, v:28, v:28 (all P).

כּוֹכָב v. sub כבב. p. 456

† [כּוּל] vb. comprehend, contain (NH, Aram. id., measure, measure out, of dry or liquid measure; Syr. Aph. ܐܰܟܺܝܠ id.; Ar. كَالَ measure grain)—Qal Pf. only Is 40:12 כָּל בְּשָׁלִשׁ…מִי עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ who hath comprehended the dust of the earth in a shalish-measure? Pilp. Pf. כִּלְכֵּל 2 S 19:33; sf. כִּלְכְּלָם 1 K 18:4; 2 ms. sf. כִּלְכַּלְתָּם Ne 9:21, etc.; Impf. יְכַלְכֵּל Zc 11:16 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. כַּלְכֵּל Je 20:9 +, etc.; Pt. מְכַלְכֵּל Mal 3:2; —sustain, maintain, contain:

1. sustain, support, nourish, sq. acc. pers. Gn 45:11, 50:21 (both E), 2 S 19:33, 19:34, 20:3, 1 K 4:7 a (v:b abs.), 5:7, 17:4, 17:9, Ne 9:21, Ru 4:15, Ps 55:23, Zc 11:16 (of sheep); sq. acc. pers. + rei (food) Gn 47:12 (J), 1 K 18:4, 18:13.

2. contain, sq. acc. pers. 1 K 8:27, 2 Ch 2:5, 6:18 (heavens cannot contain י׳); hold in, restrain Yahweh's word within one, Je 20:9.

3. support, endure, sickness רוּחַ אִישׁ מַחֲלֵָהוּ יְכַל׳ Pr 18:14, Mal 3:2 (obj. אֶת־יוֹם בּוֹאוֹ); of sustaining a cause, in court, דְּבָרָיו בְּמִשְׁפָּט יְכַל׳ Ps 112:5. Polp. Pf. 3 pl. כָּלְכְּלוּ were supplied with food 1 K 20:27 (Klo prop. בַּגִּלְבֹּעַ). Hiph. Impf. יָכִיל 1 K 7:26 + 2 t. etc.; Inf. cstr. הָכִיל Je 6:11 + 5 t.;—contain, hold, hold in, endure; 1. contain, sq. acc. (of liquid) 1 K 7:26, 7:38, 2 Ch 4:5; in fig. Je 2:13, abs. Ez 23:32; (of burnt-offering) 1 K 8:64, 2 Ch 7:7; hold in (wrath of י׳, obj. not expr., subj. Jeremiah) Je 6:11 (opp. שָׁפַח). 2. sustain, endure, sq. acc. Am 7:10, Je 10:10, Jo 2:11.

† כַּלְכֹּל n.pr.m. one of the wise men whom Solomon surpassed 1 K 5:11, 1 Ch 2:6 (on format. v. Ba:NB 206).

כום (√ of foll.; Ar. كَامَ II. is heap up, accumulate; كَوْمَةُ heap; كَوْمُ herd of camels, hence perh. כִּימָה as a group, herd, or flock of stars, but uncertain (v. כִּימָה)).

† כִּימָה n.f. perh. Pleiades (v. supr.; NH id.; Targum כִּימָא, SerVer ܟܺܝܡܳܐ)—as made by י׳, Am 5:8 (‖כְּסִיל), Jb 9:9 (‖עָשׁ, כְּסִיל, חַדְרֵי תֵמָן); and under his control, מַעֲדַנּוֹת כ׳ Jb 38:31 (‖משְׁכוֹת כְּסִיל).—(Stern:Jüd. Zeitschr. f. Wissen. u. Leben. iii. (1864–65) 258 ff. Nö in Schenkel:BL Hoffm:ZAW iii. 107 ff. interpret עשׁ as Pleiades, and כימה as Sirius).

† I. [כּוּן]:218 vb. prob. be firm, only in der. conj. (NH Aram. כּוּן, in der. conj., כִּיוֵּן arrange, direct; ܟܰܘܶܢ put right, correct; As. kânu, be firm, right Dl:HWB 321; Ar. كَانَ (med. و) exist, occur, be; so Eth. kona: Sab. כון DHM:ZMG 1875, 599, Ph. כון be (oft.));—Niph. Pf. (on 3 ms. v. Pt. infr.), 3 fs. נָכּ֫וֹנָה 1 K 2:46; 3 pl. נָכ֫וֹנוּ Pr 19:29; נָכֹּ֫ננוּ Ez 16:7; Impf. יִכּוֹן Pr 12:3 +; 3 fs. תִּכּוֹן Je 30:20 +; וַתִּכֹּן 1 K 2:12, 2 Ch 8:16, etc.; Imv. הִכּוֹן Am 4:12; הִכֹּן Ez 38:7; pl. הכונוּ 2 Ch 35:4 Kt (Qr הָכִינוּ Hiph.); Pt. נָכוֹן Gn 41:32 + (in Ps 93:2 and perh. elsewh. the Pf. would be poss.); cstr. נְכוֹן Pr 4:18; f. נְכוֹנָה Ps 5:10 + 2 t.; pl. נְכֹנִים Ex 19:11 + 2 t.; pass. or neut., and (less oft.) reflex.:—

1. be set up, established, fixed: a. lit., of house upon (עַל) pillars Ju 16:26, 16:29, so, in metaph., of temple-mt., sq. בְּראֹשׁ Is 2:2 = Mi 4:1; be firm, of breasts at puberty Ez 16:7; firmly established, of תֵּבֵל Ps 93:1 = 96:10 = 1 Ch 16:30; firm, i.e. a strong support, of י׳'s hand יָ דִי תִּכּוֹן עִמּוֹ Ps 89:22 (‖זְרוֹעִי תְאַמְּחֶנּוּ). b. fig., of throne 2 S 7:16 = 1 Ch 17:14, 1 K 2:45, Ps 89:38, 93:2, Pr 16:12, 25:5, 29:14; of king, royal family, kingdom 1 S 20:31, 1 K 2:12, 2:46, 2 S 7:26 = 1 Ch 17:24. c. of any persons, be established, stable, secure, enduring Jb 21:8 (c. לִפְנֵי), Pr 12:3, also v:19 (subj. שְׂפַת אֱמֶת) Ps 101:7 (c. לְנֶגֶד עֵינָ֑י), 102:29 (c. לְפָנֶיְ), 140:12 (c. בָּאָרֶץ); of plans Pr 16:3, 20:18; נְכוֹן הַיּוֹם 4:18 the established, stable, (part) of the day, i.e. mid-day, when the sun seems motionless in mid-heaven.—2 S 6:6 v. נָכוֹן n.pr. infr. d. fixed, securely determined הַדָּבָר מֵעִם נ׳ הָאֱלֽהִים (‖אֱמֶת) Gn 41:32 (E); so כְּשַׁחַר נָכוֹן מֹחָאוֹ Ho 6:3 MT, but rd. כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְחָאֵהוּ Gie:Beiträge 208 We:ad loc.; substantiated, certain, of an allegation Dt 13:15 = 17:4; עַל־נָכוֹן acc. to (what is) certain, = certainly, assuredly 1 S 23:23, 26:4 (v. Dr).

2. in moral sense, be directed aright, of ways Pr 4:26, Ps 119:5 (cf. Hiph. 3); be fixed aright, stedfast נָכוֹן לִבִּי Ps 57:8, 57:8, 108:2, so 112:7; לִבָּם לאֹ נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ 78:37; רוּחַ נָכוֹן 51:12 (‖לֵב טָהוֹר); לא נָכוֹן לעשׂות כן Ex 8:22 (J) it is not right, proper, etc.; pt. f. נְכוֹנָה as subst. = what is right, the right Jb 42:7, 42:8; = uprightness Ps 5:10.

3. prepare, be ready, pers. Am 4:12 (c. ל inf.); words Pr 22:18; הִכֹּן וְהָכֵן לְְ Ez 38:7; 2 Ch 35:4 Kt (Qr Hiph.); pt. as adj. = prepared, ready, oft. c. הָוָה, of persons Ex 19:11, 19:15, 34:2, Jos 8:4 (all JE); of things, sq. ל pers. Jb 12:5, Ne 8:10, ל loc. Jb 18:12, ל nom. act. Ps 38:18; ב loc. Jb 15:23;

4. pass. be prepared, of judgments Pr 19:29 (ל pers.); of work be arranged, settled 2 Ch 8:16; fig. of prayer Ps 141:2 be arranged, set in order, as incense before thee (> present itself as incense); be arranged, ordered, of temple service 2 Ch 29:35, 35:10, 35:16.

Hiph. Pf. הֵכִין Jos 4:4 +; sf. הֱכִינַנִי 1 K 2:24; הֱכִינוֹ 2 S 5:12, 1 Ch 14:2; הֱכִינָהּ Jb 28:27; 2 ms. הֲכִינוֹתָ Jb 11:13 +; 3 pl. הֵכִינוּ 1 Ch 12:39 +; וְהֵכִינוּ consec. Ex 16:5; 1 pl. הֲכִינוֹנוּ 1 Ch 29:16; הֵכַנּוּ (Ges:§ 72, R. 6) 2 Ch 29:16, etc.; Impf. יָכִין Ju 12:6 +; וַיָּ֫כֶן 1 Ch 15:1 + 3 t., etc.; Imv. הָכֵן Gn 43:16 +; pl. הָכִינוּ Jos 1:11 +; Inf. abs. הָכֵן Jos 3:17, so הָכִין 4:3 (rd. הָכֵין, v. Di), Je 10:23 (v. Gie), Ez 7:14 (v. Sm Co and infr.; see on all Kön:i. 468); cstr. הָכִין Is 9:6 +; sf. הֲכִינוֹ Na 2:4, Pr 8:27; הֲכִינָהּ Je 33:2; Pt. מֵכִין Je 10:12 + 4 t.;—(favourite word in Ch., in various applications) 1. establish, set up: a. king (or, one as king) 2 S 5:12, 1 K 2:24, 1 Ch 14:2, royal seed Ps 89:5, kingdom 1 S 13:13, 2 S 7:12 = 1 Ch 17:11, 1 Ch 28:7, 2 Ch 12:1, 17:5, throne 1 Ch 22:10; the world תֵּבֵל Je 10:12 = 51:15; mts. Ps 65:7; heavens Pr 8:27; an altar upon (עַל) its base Ezr 3:3. b. God's faithfulness Ps 89:3; heart of humble 10:17. c. = accomplish, do Je 33:2 (‖עשׂה), = make Is 40:20, Jb 28:27. d. make firm, only inf. abs., as adv. = firmly הָכֵן Jos 3:17; הָכִין 4:3 (v. supr.) 2. a. fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift Gn 43:25 (J), place Ex 23:20 (JE), 2 Ch 3:1; c. לְ rei 1 Ch 15:1, 15:3, also (obj. om.) v:12 (vid. Be, and Da:Synt. § 144), 2 Ch 1:4 (בַּהֵכִין, v. Ges:§ 138. 3. b); oft. prepare food, acc. + לְ pers. Jos 1:11 (D), Ps 78:20; לְ om. Pr 6:8, 30:25; obj. om. 1 Ch 12:39, 2 Ch 35:14, 35:14, 35:15; both om. Gn 43:16 (J), 1 Ch 9:32; prepare a road Dt 19:3, a sacrifice Zp 1:7, ambuscades Je 51:12, one's work Pr 24:27, materials for (לְ) temple 1 Ch 22:3, 22:14, also v:14b (no לְ), 29:2, 29:3; weapons (c. לְ pers.) 2 Ch 26:14 and (hostile purpose) Ps 7:14, cf. 57:7, Is 14:21 prepare slaughter-place for (לְ) his children; store-rooms 2 Ch 31:11 a, also v:11 b (obj. om.); gallows (c. לְ pers.) Est 6:4, 7:10; corn (produce of land) Ps 65:10; land v:10, so (= restore) 68:11; c. acc. pers. 2 Ch 35:6; fig. of belly preparing deceit Jb 15:35; make preparation (for, לְ rei) 1 Ch 22:5, and v:5 (לְ om.); sq. לִבְנוֹת 1 Ch 28:2, c. acc. material + לִבְנוֹת 1 K 5:32, 1 Ch 29:16; without לְ, make ready 1 S 23:22, Na 2:4; Ez 7:14 (rd. הָכִינוּ הָכֵן Co, for הַכֹּל ה׳ MT) = make full preparation! make thee ready! Je 46:14 (לְ dat. eth.), Ez 28:7 (id.), 2 Ch 35:4. b. provide for, provide, furnish Nu 23:1, 23:29, 29:7, Jos 4:4 (all JE), Jb 27:16, 27:17, food for (לְ) raven Jb 39:41, rain for (לְ) earth Ps 147:8; 1 Ch 29:19, 2 Ch 2:6, Ps 74:16. 3. direct one's face towards (אֶל־) Ez 4:3, 4:7; in moral and spiritual sense, direct one's step (חַעֲדוֹ) = order aright, Je 10:23 (v. supr.), Pr 16:9, so (פְּעָמַי) Ps 119:133; אֱלֽהָיו הֵכִין דְּרָכָיו לִפְנֵי י׳ 2 Ch 27:6, also (sq. דרכיו only) Pr 21:29 Kt (Qr יָבִין); עַל הַהֵכִין הָאֱלֽהִים לָעָם 2 Ch 29:36 that which God had ordered aright for the people (on art. = pron. rel. v. Ges:§ 138. 3. b); sq. לֵב Jb 11:13, Ps 78:8; + לְ, לאֹ הֵכִין לִבּוֹ לִדְרוֹשׁ אֶת־י׳ 2 Ch 12:14, so 19:3, 30:19; + לִדְרוֹשׁ אֵתאתּוֹרַת י׳ Ezr 7:10; הכין לבב אֶל־׳ 1 S 7:3 direct the heart towards י׳, 1 Ch 29:18 (י׳ subj.), so (c. לֵאלֽהִים) 2 Ch 20:33; hence (no obj. expr.) = give attention, sq. inf. Ju 12:6. 4. arrange, order 2 Ch 29:19 (of sacred vessels; + הִקְדַּשְׁנוּ), 35:20 (of temple).

Hoph. Pf. הוּכַן Is 30:33, וְהוּכַן consec. Is 16:5, Zc 5:11; וְהֻכַַן Na 2:6; Pt. מוּכָן Pr 21:31, pl. מוּכָנִים Ez 40:43; —1. be established, of throne Is 16:5; be fastened, of hooks Ez 40:43. 2. be prepared for (לְ pers.) Is 30:33 and (לְ temp.) Pr 21:31; abs. Na 2:6; be ready Zc 5:11.

Poï‘lēl. Pf. 3 ms. כּוֹנֵן Ps 9:8 + 3 t., וְכוֹנֵן consec. Hb 2:12; sf. כּוֹנְַנָהּ Is 45:18; 2 ms. כּוֹנַנְתָּ Ps 99:4, 119:90, כּוֹנָ֑נְתָּה Ps 8:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְכוֹנֵן Is 62:7; sf. וַיְכֹנְַנְֶ֑ Dt 32:6, יְכוֹנְַנֶהָ Ps 24:2 +, sf. 1 pl. וַיְכֻנֶנּוּ Jb 31:15 (וַיְכוּנֶּנוּ van d. H); 2 ms. תְּכוֹנֵן Ps 7:10, 21:13, etc.; Imv. כּוֹנֵן Jb 8:8 (but on text v. infra), כּוֹנְַנָה Ps 90:17, sf. כּוֹנְַנֵהוּ Ps 90:17; —orig. make firm;—1. set up, establish: a. of men, found, a city Hb 2:12 (‖בנה), Ps 107:36. b. of God, establish, king's throne 2 S 7:13 = 1 Ch 17:12, his own throne Ps 9:8 (לְמִשְׁפָּט), sanctuary Ex 15:7 (song), a nation Dt 32:6 (poem; ‖קנה, עשׂה), a city Ps 48:9, 87:5, תֵּבֵל Ps 24:2 (c. עַל, ‖יָסַד), אֶרֶץ 119:90, cf. Is 45:18, also Ps 68:10 (obj. om., rd. perh. אֶרֶץ חִיָּה Bi Che), heavens Pr 3:19 (‖יָסַד־אָָרֶץ), moon and stars Ps 8:4; fig., steps of men 40:3, work of men's hands 90:17, 90:17, justice 99:4; establish, i.e. vindicate and make secure to righteous (חַדִּיק) 7:10. 2. constitute, make, a man (in womb) Jb 31:15 (‖עשׂה), cf. Ps 119:73 (‖ id.); c. acc. + לְ rei + לְ pers. reflex. 2 S 7:24 thou hast made for thyself (לְְ), thy people (אֶת־עַמְְּ) Israel for thyself (לְְ) into a people (לְעָם) for ever. 3. fix, so as to be ready, arrow upon (עַל) string Ps 11:2, so (חֵץ om.) Ps 21:13 (c. עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם), and poss. (חֵץ om.) Is 51:13 (Di Che al.; but dub., cf. Du; verse corrupt acc. to Che:Intr. Is. 427), a bow Ps 7:13. 4. direct (sc. לֵב), sq. לְחֵקֶר Jb 8:8, i.e. give attention to (but no ‖ in Po‰‘l.; rd. perh. בּוֹנֵן, cf. Dt 32:10, v. Ol Di). Po‰‘lal. Pf. be established: מי׳ מִחְעֲדֵי־גֶבֶר כּוֹנָ֑נוּ Ps 37:23 from י׳ are a man's steps established; = be prepared כּוֹנָנ֑וּ Ez 28:13 but del. Co Da after A B SyrVer al. Hithpo‰‘l. Impf.; be established, of house, 3 ms. יִתְכּוֹנָ֑ן Pr 24:3 (‖יִבָּנֶה), of nation, 2 fs. תִּכּוֹנָ֑נִי (Ges:§ 54. 2. b) Is 54:14; 3 fs. תִּכּוֹנֵן = be restored, of city Nu 21:27 (JE; ‖תִּבָּנֶה); set oneself, take one's stand 3 mpl. יִכּוֹנָ֑נוּ Ps 59:5.

† I. כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest (prop. firm, upright; Syr. ܟܺܐܢ recte PS:1662)—abs. כֵּן Ex 10:29 + (on poss. cstr. v. 2 ad fin.); pl. כֵּנִים Gn 42:11, 42:19, 42:31, 42:33, 42:34; —

1. right, usu. indecl., oft. as subst. a right thing, esp. c. vbb. dicendi Ex 10:29 (J) כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ, Nu 27:7 כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת, 36:5 (both P); כֵּן יַאֲרִיךְ Pr 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice) shall last long (v. De Now VB); = adv. aright, of pronunciation Ju 12:6; also c. vb. agendi Ec 8:10 (on Is 33:23 v. III. כֵּן sub כנן); right well Ps 65:10; (Che; al. = so); c. לאֹ, as adj., not right דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לאֹ־כֵן 2 K 17:9 things which were not right (vb. agendi); of heart of a fool Pr 15:7; Je 23:10; as subst. = what is not right, upright Je 8:6; c. vb. agendi לאֹ־כֵן 2 K 7:9 that which is not right we are doing, Je 48:30 b.

2. veritable, true, כֵּן־חְדָקָה Pr 11:19 the veritable of righteousness = true righteousness; Is 16:6 = Je 48:30 a may be either their boastings are not true or (Thes Che Di Du Gr Gie al.) the untruth of their boastings (לאֹ־כֵן as cpd. cstr.); abs., in assent to something already said, Right! Correct! True! Jos 2:4.

3. pl. concr. honest (men) Gn 42:11, 42:19, 42:31, 42:33, 42:34 (all E).—II. כֵּן thus, so, v. p. 485 infr.; III. כֵּן place, base, v. sub כנן; IV. [כֵּן], כִּנִּם, כִּנָּם, v. sub כנן. p. 487

† II. כּוּן n.pr.loc. city of Hadarezer (מִטִּבְחַת) וּמִכּוּן עָרֵי ה׳ 1 Ch 18:8, LXX ἐκ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν πολέ(μ)ων (= בֵּרֹתַי 2 S 8:8); = mod. Kuna, near Bereitan (betw. Laodicea and Heliopolis), acc. to Furrer:ZPV viii, 34, v. בֵּרוֹתָה p. 92 supr., and Thes.

† כּוֹנַנְיָ֫הוּ Kt, כֳּנַנְנָ֫הוּ Qr, n.pr.m. Levites.

1. 2 Ch 31:12, 31:13 (v. Baer's note).

2. 2 Ch 35:9.—LXX Χωμενιας, Χωνενιας, A Χωχενιας.

† יָכִין n.pr.m. (he will establish);—

1. a Simeonite Gn 46:10 = Ex 6:15, Nu 26:12, LXX Ιαχειμ(ν).

2. name of right-hand pillar before temple 1 K 7:21 = 2 Ch 3:17, LXX Ιαχουμ (opp. בֹּעַז, q.v. p. 126 f. supr.; v. also RS:Sem. i, 191 (208)).

† יָכִינִי adj.gent. of יָכִין 1, with art. as n. coll. הַיּ׳ Nu 26:12.

† יְכוֹנְיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ is firm, enduring);—Je 27:20 = יְכָנְ֫יָהוּ 24:1 = יְכָנְיָה 28:4, 29:2, 1 Ch 3:16, 3:17, Est 2:6 = כָּנְיָ֫הוּ Je 22:24, 22:28, 37:1 (LXX Ιεχονιας throughout), all of last king but one of Judah, v. יְהוֹיָכִין p. 220 supr.

† מָכוֹן n.m.:Dn 8:11 fixed or established place, foundation (chiefly poet.);—abs. מ׳ Ex 15:17 + 2 t.; cstr. מְכוֹן 1 K 8:39 + 10 t.; sf. מְכוֹנִי Is 18:4, מְכוֹנוֹ Ezr 2:68; pl. sf. מְכוֹנֶיהָ Ps 104:5; —

1. fixed place of י׳'s abode on earth Ex 15:17 (song), 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2 (poet. fragm.: v. LXX and Dr:Intr. 182); = place, or site of God's house Ezr 2:68; כָּל־מְכוֹן הַר־חִיּוֹן Is 4:5, appar. = all the extent of Mt. Zion; redund. (si vera l.) וְהֻשְׁלַח מְכוֹן מִקְדָּשׁוֹ Dn 8:11 and the place of his sanctuary shall be thrown down (on difficulties of v., see Bev); of heavens מְכוֹן שִׁבְתְְּ 1 K 8:39, 8:43, 8:49 = 2 Ch 6:30, 6:33, 6:39, cf. Ps 33:14; מְכוֹנִי alone Is 18:4; fig. חֶדֶק וּמִשְׁפָּט מְכוֹן כִּסְאְֶָ Ps 89:15, so 97:2.

2. foundation, only pl., poet. יָסַד אֶרֶץ עַל־מְכוֹנֶיהָ Ps 104:5.

מְכוֹנָה, מְכֹנָה:25 n.f. fixed resting-place, base;—abs. מ׳ 1 K 7:27 + 5 t.; מְכֹנָה 1 K 7:34, 7:34, 7:35; sf. מְכֻנָתָתּ Zc 5:11 (Ges:§ 27, 3. R. 1); pl. מְכוֹנוֹת Je 27:19, מְכֹנֹת 1 K 7:27 + 12 t.; sf. מְכוֹנֹתָ֯ו Ezr 3:3; —base or stand of laver כִּיּוֹד 1 K 7:27, 7:27 + 13 t. 1 K 7, 2 K 16:17, 25:13, 25:16 = Je 52:17, 52:20, Je 27:19, 2 Ch 4:14, 4:14; of altar Ezr 3:3; of the symbol. ephah Zc 5:11.

† נָכוֹן n.pr.m. only in גֹּרֶן נ׳ 2 S 6:6; LXX Νωδαβ, A Ναχων, LXXL Ορνα τοῦ ̓Ιεβουσαίου; = כִּידֹן 1 Ch 13:9.

† תְּכוּנָה n.f. arrangement, preparation, fixed place;—

1. arrangement, disposition תְּכוּנָתוֹ Ez 43:11, i.e. the arrangement of the house (del. Co with LXX codd.)

2. preparation, וְאֵין קֶחֶה לַתְּכוּנָה Na 2:10 and no end to the preparation (i.e. things prepared, supply, store).

3. fixed place, i.e. dwelling-place, of God (= מָכוֹן) תְּכוּנָתוֹ Jb 23:3.

† [כַּוָּן] n.[m.] cake, sacrificial cake (? √ כון; cf. Hiph. 2. a. prepare food, etc.)—only pl. abs. לַעֲשׂוֹת כַּוָּנִים לִמְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם Je 7:18; עָשִׂינוּ לְהַעֲחִבָהַ לָהּ כ׳ 44:19.

† I. כּוֹס n.f.:La 4:21 cup (√ unknown; perh. kindred with כִּיס, q.v.; NH id.; Ph. כסת; Aram. כָּס, ܟܳܣ; Ar. كَأَسُ is Aram. loan-wd. acc. to Frä:171, but see DHM:VOJ i. 27)—כ׳ abs. Gn 40:11 +; כּ֯יֹס Pr 23:31; cstr. Gn 40:11 +; sf. כּוֹסִי Ps 16:5, 23:5 etc.; pl. abs. כֹּסוֹת Je 35:5; —cup 2 S 12:3; for wine Gn 40:11, 40:11, 40:11, 40:13, 40:21 (all E), Pr 23:31, Je 35:5; שְׂפַתאכּוֹס 1 K 7:26, 2 Ch 4:5; תַּנְחוּמִים כ׳ Je 16:7 the cup offered to mourners; fig. (wine-) cup of judgement of י׳, from which the nations, or Isr., must drink Je 49:12, La 4:21, Ps 75:9; חֲמָתוֹ כ׳ Is 51:17, 51:22; הַיַּיִן כ׳ הַחֵמָה Je 25:15, cf. v:17, v:28; הַתַּרְעֵלָה כ׳ Is 51:17, 51:22; כ׳ שַׁמָּה וּשְׁמָמָה Ez 23:33, cf. v:31, v:32, v:33; יְמִין י׳ כ׳ Hb 2:16; by bold metaph. Babylon is such a cup זָהָב כ׳ בְּיַד י׳ Je 51:7; so of wicked persons, fire, brimstone, and burning wind are מְנָתאכּוֹסָם Ps 11:6 the portion of their cup; כ׳ in good sense, cup of blessing Ps 23:5 (overflowing); מְנָת חֶלְקִי וְכוֹסִי י׳ Ps 16:5; יְשׁוּעוֹת כ׳ Ps 116:13.

† II. כּוֹס n.[m.] a kind of owl (acc. to Vrss.; v. Kn-Di Lv 11:17; wd. perh. onomatop.)—unclean bird Lv 11:17, Dt 14:16, dwelling in ruins חֳרָבוֹת כִ׳ Ps 102:7.

I. כור (√ of foll.; perh. be or make round, hence furnace, pot, basin, fr. shape; Ar. كَارَ wind about (e.g. a turban), كَوْرُ turn or twist (of turban), كُورُ blacksmith's fire-place, hornet's or bees' nest, كَارَةُ bundle; > Thes comp. Syr. ܐܶܬܟܰܘܰܪ incaluit (Lexx. aestuavit, calefactus est)).

† I. [כָּר] n.[m.] basket-saddle, בְּכַר־הַגָּמָל Gn 31:34 in the camel-basket, i.e. the basket-saddle of the camel, a sort of palankeen bound upon the saddle proper (cf. Kn in Di and reff.) II. כַּר v. in alphabetical order. p. 499

† כּוּר n.[m.] smelting-pot or furnace (Ar. كُور; NH id.; Aram. id., ܟܽܘܪ; Eth. kawr:)—pot or furnace for smelting metals, but alw. in metaph. or sim. of human sufferings in punishment or discipline: iron (fig. of Egypt as place of bondage) הַבַּרְזֶל מִכּ׳ Dt 4:20, Je 11:4, הַבּ׳ מִתּוֹח כ׳ 1 K 8:51; gold לַזָּהָב כ׳ Pr 17:3 = 27:21 (‖מַחְרֵף); various metals Ez 22:18, 22:20, 22:22; once בְּכוּר עָֹנִי Is 48:10 in a smelting-pot of affliction.

כּוֹר־עָשָׁן n.pr.loc. v. בּוֹר עַשָׁן supr. p. 92:b.

† [כִּיר] n.[m.] cooking-furnace (Mishn. כִּירָה)—frangible, only du. כִּירַיִם Lv 11:35 (c. תַּנּזּר), perh. as supporting two pots (Ki); LXX χυτρὀποδες.

† כִּיֹּר, כִּיּוֹר n.m.:1 K 7:38 pot, basin (NH כִּיּוֹר wash-basin, so Aram. כִּיּוֹרָא)—abs. כִּיֹּר 1 K 7:30 + 8 t.; כִּיּוֹר 1 S 2:14 + 5 t.; cstr. כִּיּוֹר Ex 30:18 + 2 t.; pl. abs. כִּיֹּרוֹת 1 K 7:40 (but v. infr.), 2 Ch 4:14; כְּיֹּרֹת 1 K 7:43; כִּיּוֹרִים 2 Ch 4:6; cstr. כְּיֹּרוֹת 1 K 7:38; —

1. pot for cooking 1 S 2:14 (‖דּוּד, קַלַּחַת, פָּרוּר).

2. fire-pot כִּיּוֹר אֵשׁ Zc 12:6 (‖לַפִּיד אֵשׁ; fig. of chiefs of Judah).

3. basin of bronze for washing, laver; set on a bronze support a. before tabernacle Ex 30:18, 30:28, 31:9, 35:16, 38:8, 39:39, 40:7, 40:11, 40:30, Lv 8:11 (all P). b. 10 in number, 5 at each front corner of temple 1 K 7:30, 7:38, 7:38, 7:38, 7:43 = 2 Ch 4:14, 2 Ch 4:6 (1 K 7:40 rd. הַסִּירוֹת as v:45 and ‖ 2 Ch 4:11, 4:16, so Heb. Codd. LXX Vulgate Th Ke Sta Klo al.)

4. plat form or stage of bronze (prob. round, bowl-like in shape) on which, acc. to Chr, Solomon stood and kneeled 2 Ch 6:13.

† II. [כוּר] vb. mng. dub., perh. bore, or dig, or hew (Dl:Prol. 121 comp. As. kâru, fell trees (Dl:HWB 324))—only Qal Pf. 3 pl. כארו = כָּארוּ for כָּרוּ Ps 22:17 (MT כָּאֲרִי, v. אֲרִי) they have bored (digged, hewn) my hands and my feet (si vera l.; cf. Vrss De Pe Che Bae al.; some, however, deriving from כרה in this sense); hence perhaps following.

† [מְכֹרָה, מְכוּרָה] n.f. origin (i.e. place of digging out?)—sg. sf. אֶרֶץ מְכוּרָתָם Ez 29:14; of a people, persons: pl. sf. בְּאֶרֶץ מְכֻרוֹתַיִךְ 21:35 (‖בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נִבְרֵאת); of Jerus., מְכֹדֹתַיִךְ וּמֹלְדֹתַיִךְ מֵאֶרֶץ הַכְּנַעֲנִי 16:3.

† [מְכֵרָה] n.[f.] prob. the name of a weapon, only pl. sf. כְּלֵי חָמָס מְכֵרֹתֵיהֶם Gn 49:5 weapons of violence are their מ׳ (other conjectures v. in Di).

† כּ֫וֹרֶשׁ and (Ezr 1:1, 1:2) כֹּ֫רֶשׁ n.pr.m. cyrus (Pers. KÕ’urÕ’u(š), Spieg:APK 215; Bab. Kuraš COT on Ezr 1:1, Dl in Baer:Dn. p. x)—king of (Anzan = Susiana, Tiele:Bab.-Assyr. Gesch. 469, and) Persia, conqueror of Babylon (Tiele:ib. 468 ff.), restorer of Jews to Palestine Is 44:28, 45:1, Ezr 1:7; called מֶלֶךְ פָּרַם 2 Ch 36:22, 36:22, 36:23, Ezr 1:1, 1:1, 1:2, also Ezr 1:8, 4:3, 4:5, Dn 10:1; simply הֵמֶּלֶח Dn 1:21.

† I. כּוּשׁ n. pr. pers. m., gent. et terr. (Egypt. Kōš, Steindorff:BAS i, 593, As. Kûsu, Id:ib. Dl:Pa 251; Kaši in Tel Amarna tablets, vid. Wkl Tel Am. 39*);—

1. 1st ‘son’ of חָם Gn 10:6, 10:7 (P) = 1 Ch 1:8, 1:9, LXX Χους, Vulgate Chus, from whom descended acc. to these vv. the southernmost peoples known to Hebrews.

2. land and people of southern Nile-valley, or Upper Egypt, extending from Syene (Ez 29:10) indefinitely to the south, LXX Αιθιοπια, Αιθιοπες: a. the land Is 11:11, 18:1, Zp 3:10, Ez 29:10, Jb 28:19, Est 1:1, 8:9. b. the people Is 20:4, Je 46:9, Ez 38:5; personif. Ps 68:32. c. indeterminate, either land or people, or including both: Is 20:3, 20:5, 43:3, 45:14, 2 K 19:9 = Is 37:9, Na 3:9, Ez 30:4, 30:5, 30:9, Ps 87:4 (LXX λαὸς Αιθιοπων).

3. in Gn 10:8 (J) = 1 Ch 1:10 כּוּשׁ is err. for כַּשׁ = Bab. Kašsšu, acc. to Schr:COT on Gn 10:6, Dl:Pa 51 ff. 72 f. and most Assyriol.; so perh. also Gn 2:13 (J), yet v. Hpt: Über Ld. u. Meer, 1894–5, No. 15.

† II. כּוּשׁ n.pr.m. a Benjamite, Ps 7:1 (title), LXX Ξουσει υἱοῦ Ιεμενει.

† I. כּוּשִׁי adj.gent. of I. כּוּשׁ;—m. כּוּשִׁי Je 13:23 + 13 t.; f. כֻּשִׁית Nu 12:1, 12:1; pl. כּוּשִׁים Zp 2:12 + 6 t.; כֻּשִַׁים Dn 11:43; כֻּשִׁיִּים Am 9:7; —a. sg. agreeing with noun Nu 12:1, 12:1 (E; only here fem.). b. = subst., a Cushite Je 13:23. c. id. c. art., the Cushite, of Joab's adjutant 2 S 18:21, 18:21 (where rd. חַכּ׳, for MT כ׳, We Dr Kit Bu), v:22, v:23, v:31, v:31, v:32, v:32; in appos. with n.pr. Je 38:7, 38:10, 38:12, 39:16, 2 Ch 14:8. d. pl. כּוּשִׁים (הַ) = subst. Zp 2:12, 2 Ch 12:3, 14:11, 14:11, 14:12, 16:8, 21:16; so כֻּשִַׁים Dn 11:43, כֻּשִׁיִּים (si vera l.) Am 9:7.

† II. כּוּשׁי n.pr.m. LXX Χουσει—

1. Je 36:14 great-grandfather of יְהוּדִי, q. v. (perh. orig. appellat. Cushite).

2. father of prophet Zephaniah Zp 1:1.

† כּוּשָׁן n.pr., gent. vel terr., only אָהֳלֵי כ׳ Hb 3:7 (‖מִדְיָן), LXX Αιθιοπων.

† כּוּשַׁן רִשְׁעָתַ֫יִם n.pr.m. king of Aram Naharaim Ju 3:8, 3:8, 3:10, 3:10; otherwise unknown, LXX Χουσαρσαθαιμ, LXXL Χουσανρεσαμωθ.

כּוֹשָׁרוֹת v. [כּוֹשָׁרָה] sub כָּשַׁר. p. 507

† כּוּתָה, כּוּת n.pr.loc. whence king of Assyria (Sargon) transported colonists into N. Israel, מִכּוּתָה 2 K 17:4, אַנְשֵׁי־כוּת v:30; Bab.

Kûtû, Kûtê, mod. Tel-Ibrahim, c. 20 m. NE. fr. Babylon, v. COT:2 K 17:24 Dl:Par 217 M-A:JBL 1892, xi. 169.

† [כָּזַב] vb. lie, be a liar (Ar. كَذَبَ; Aram. כְּדַב, ܟܕܰܒ id. chiefly Pa.; NH כָּזַב)—Qal Pt. כָּל־הָאָדָם כֹּזֵב Ps 116:11 (cf. כָּזָּב 62:10). Niph. Pf. 3 fs. תֹּחַלְתּוֹ נִכְזָ֑בָה Jb 41:1 his hope has been made deceptive, i.e. been shewn to be so; 2 ms. consec. וְנִכְזָ֑בְתָּ Pr 30:6 lest he convict thee and thou be proven a liar. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּזֵּב Mi 2:11; Impf. 3 ms. יְכַזֵּב Hb 2:3, Pr 14:5; וִיכַזֵּב Nu 23:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. כַזֶּבְכֶם (בְּ) Ez 13:19; —

1. lie, tell a lie, abs., Nu 23:19 (JE), Mi 2:11, Jb 6:28, 34:6, Pr 14:5, Is 57:11; sq. לְ pers. lie to Ez 13:9, Ps 78:36, 89:36; sq. בְּ pers. tell a lie with, i.e. in intercourse, conversation with 2 K 4:16.

2. disappoint, fail, of a divine revelation Hb 2:3; waters of a spring Is 58:11. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַכְזִיבֵנִי Jb 24:25 who will make me a liar? i.e. prove me to be so (cf. Niph.)

† כָּזָב n.m.:Am 2:4 lie, falsehood, deceptive thing;—abs. כ׳ Ho 12:2 + 19 t.; pl. abs. כְּזָבִים Ju 16:10 + 9 t.; sf. כִּזְבֵיהֶם Am 2:4; —lie, falsehood, c. דִּבֶּר Ju 16:10, 16:13, Ho 7:13, Zp 3:13, Dn 11:27, Ps 5:7, 58:4, so Ez 13:8 Co (by transp. כ׳ with שָׁוְא, cf. v:6, v:7, v:9); c. יָפִיחַ (in Pr) Pr 6:19, 14:5, 14:25, 19:5, 19:9; of false prophecies (divinations) c. אָמַר, מִקְסַם כ׳ Ez 13:7; c. קָסַם v:9, 21:34, 22:28 + 13:6 LXX Co (קָסוֹם כ׳, for MT קֶסֶם כ׳); c. שָׁמַע 13:19, בִּקֵּשׁ Ps 4:3; c. רָחָה delight in 62:5; so in the phr. דְּבַר־כ׳ Pr 30:8, אִישׁ כ׳ 19:22 = liar, עֵד כְּזָבִים 21:28 = false witness; of idols. as a lie (res ementita) Am 2:4, so prob. שָׂטֵי כ׳ those turning aside to a lie Ps 40:5 (cf. אָוֶן, אֱלִיל, הֶבֶל, שֶׁקֶר); then of empty human pretensions וָשֹׁד יַרְבֶּה כ׳ Ho 12:2, Is 28:15 (‖שֶׁקֶר), v:17 (מַחְסֵה כ׳), Ps 62:10 (‖הֶבֶל; cf. כֹּזֵב 116:11); לֶחֶם כְּזָבִים Pr 23:3 = deceptive (disappointing) bread.

† כְּזִיב n.pr.loc. in plain of Judah Gn 38:5, LXX Χασβι, = אַכְזִיב

1. v. infr.

† כֹּֽזֵבָֹא n.pr.loc. 1 Ch 4:22 LXX Σωχηθα, A LXXL Χωζηβα, = אַכְזִיב

1. v. infr.

† כָּזְבִּי n.pr.f. a woman of Midian Nu 25:15, 25:18, LXX Χασβ(ε)ι.

† אַכְזָב adj. deceptive, disappointing (elative; opp. אֵיתָן q.v. sub יתן)—only abs. sg.:—Mi 1:14 (with play on n.pr. אַכְזִיב); of a deceptive, disappointing stream (cf. Is 58:11) Je 15:18 (‖מַיִם לאֹ נֶאְמָָנוּ; on meaning cf. Jb 6:15 ff.)

† אַכְזִיב n.pr.loc. 1. in lowland of Judah Jos 15:44 (LXX Ακιεζει καὶ Κεζειβ, LXXL Αχζειβ), Mi 1:14 (LXX οἴΚους ματαίους; v. also כְּזִיב, כֹּזֵבָא). 2. in Asher Ju 1:31 (LXX Ασχαζει), and (אַכְזִ֫יבָה) Jos 19:29 (LXX Εχοζοβ, A Αχζειφ, LXXL Αχαζειβ); it lay on the coast S. of Tyre, in As. Akzibi, COT:Jos 19:29 Dl:Par. 284; Gk. Εκδιππα; mod. ez-Zîb, Bd:Pal. 272 Buhl:G. § 120 and (on pronunciation) Kasteren:ZPV xiii. 101.

כזר (√ of foll.; Aram. Ethpe. be cruel (Targum Jb 10:1), cf. Syr. ܟܙܺܝܪܳܝܳܐ, miles, vir strenuus PS:1718, who comp. Pers. كَزير athleta, heros (Vullers)).

† אַכְזָר adj. cruel, flerce, of poison (ראֹשׁ) Dt 32:33; elsewh. of men, fierce Jb 41:2; as subst. = a cruel one Jb 30:21 (of God), La 4:3.

† אַכְזָרִי adj. cruel, always in this form;—Pr 12:10, 17:11, Je 6:23, 50:42, also 30:14 (rd. מוּסָר א׳, for MT מוּסַר, Gf Gie); as subst. Pr 5:9, 11:17, perhaps also, in appos. with יוֹם י׳, Is 13:9.

† אַכְזְרִיּוּת n.f. cruelty, fierceness, only חֵמָה וְשֶׁטֶף אָָף א׳ Pr 27:4 fierceness of rage and outpouring of anger.

† I. כֹּחַ n.[m.] a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11:30; LXX Vulgate AV chameleon; on various opinions v. Di.

II. כֹּחַ v. sub כחח. below

† [כָּחַד] vb. not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usu.) pass. (Aram. אתכחדו be effaced † Jb 4:7; ܟܚܰܕ is revere, Pt. venerable, Pa. put to shame, Ethpa. be ashamed; Eth. kh.d: deny, apostatize)—Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִכְחַד Ho 5:3 + 2 t.; 3 pl. נִכְחָָדוּ Jb 4:7, Ps 69:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִכָּחֵד 2 S 18:13, etc.; Pt. נִכְחֶדֶת Zc 11:9; pl. נִכְחָדוֹת Zc 11:16, Jb 15:28; —

1. be hidden, sq. מִן pers., 2 S 18:13, Ho 5:3, Ps 69:6, 139:15.

2. be effected, destroyed Zc 11:9, Jb 4:7, 15:28 (עָרִים נִכְחְדוֹת), 22:20, sq. מִן־ הָאָרֶץ Ex 9:15 (J); Pt. intrans. of incomplete process = going to ruin Zc 11:9, 11:16. Pi. Pf. כִּחֵד 1 S 3:18; 1 S. כִּחַדְתִּי Jb 6:10, Ps 40:11; 3 pl. כִּחֲדוּ Jb 15:18; כִּחֵָדוּ Is 3:9; Impf. 2 ms. תְּכַחֵד Jos 7:19 + 4 t.; 2 fs. תְּכַחֲדִי 2 S 14:18; 1 S. אֲכַחֵד Jb 27:11; 2 mpl. תְּכַחֵָדוּ Je 50:2; 1 pl. נְכַחֵד Gn 47:18, Ps 78:4; —hide, sq. מִן pers. Gn 47:18 (J), Jos 7:19 (JE), 1 S 3:17, 3:17, 3:18, 2 S 14:18, Je 38:14, 38:25, Ps 78:4; sq. לְ pers. Ps 40:11 conceal toward, with ref. to, i.e. from; without prep. Is 3:9, Je 50:2, Jb 15:18, 27:11; = disown Jb 6:10. Hiph. Pf. 1 S. consec. sf. וְהִכְחַדְתִּיו Ex 23:23; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּכְחֵד 2 Ch 32:21, sf. יַכְחִידֶנָּה Jb 20:12; 1 S. וָאַכְחִד Zc 11:8; 1 pl. sf. וְנַכְחִידֵם Ps 83:5; Inf. cstr. לְהַכְחִיד 1 K 13:34; —1. hide, in fig. יַכְחִידֶנָּה תַּחַת לְשֹׁנוֹ Jb 20:12 (obj. wickedness). 2. efface, annihilate Ex 23:23 (E), 1 K 13:34 (‖הַשְׁמִיד), Zc 11:8 2 Ch 32:21; sq. מִגּוֹי Ps 83:5, i.e. from being (so that they be not) a nation.

כחח (√ assumed by Thes Buhl al. for foll. Ba:NB 79 prop. √ כוח).

† II. כֹּחַ and († Dn 11:6) כּוֹחַ n.m.:Dt 4:37 strength, power (NH id.);—כ׳ abs. Dt 8:18 +; cstr. Nu 14:17 +; sf. כֹּחִי Gn 31:6 +; כֹּחְֲ Ju 16:6 +, כֹּחְֶָ Pr 5:10, כֹּחֶָכָה Pr 24:10, etc.; alw. sg.;—

1. human strength: a. physical, of Samson Ju 16:5, 16:6, 16:9, 16:15, 16:17, 16:19, 16:30; strength in toil Is 44:12 (זְרוֹעַ כֹּחוֹ), v:12, Lv 26:20, Ne 4:4; of manly vigour (in procreation) אַתָּה כֹּחִי וְרֵאשִׁית אוֹנִי Gn 49:3 (poem in J; said to Reuben); vigour in gen. Jos 14:11, 14:11 (JE), Ju 6:14, 1 S 28:22, Jb 6:11, 6:12, Ps 31:11, 38:11, 71:9, 102:24, Pr 20:29; as sustained by food 1 K 19:8; lack of such vigour is לאֹ־כֹחַ Jb 26:2, cf. מִכֹּחַ Je 48:45 without strength; בְּלאֹ־כ׳ La 1:6; יְגִיעֵי־כ׳ Jb 3:17; כֹּחַ לאֹ־הָיָה בוֹ 1 S 28:20, cf. Dn 10:8, 10:17; in Ps 22:16 rd. חִכִּי, so Ew Ol Che al.; specif. of power of voice Is 40:9. b. more inclusively, ability, efficiency: sq. inf., ability to weep 1 S 30:4; to get wealth Dt 8:18; to bring forth (a child; in fig.) 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3; sq. לַעֲמֹד Dn 1:4, Ezr 10:13, cf. Dn 11:15; without inf. 1 Ch 29:2, Ezr 2:69; of efficiency in battle 2 Ch 14:10, 20:12, 26:13; for porter's service in temple אִישׁ־חַיִל בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲבֹדָה 1 Ch 26:8; ability or efficiency in gen. Gn 31:6, Pr 24:5, 24:10, Ec 4:1, 9:10, so prob. כֹּחַ יְדֵיהֶם Jb 30:2; עָחַר כֹּחַ (late, cf. עחר) retain ability or strength, sq. inf.; לְהִתְנַדֵּב נַעְחֹר כ׳ 1 Ch 29:14 that we should retain (have) ability to make freewill-oferings; to build 2 Ch 2:5; c. neg., without inf., Dn 10:8, 10:16 (cf. 11:6, c). c. power of a people, or king, Jos 17:17, Na 2:2, Hb 1:11, Is 49:4 (of servant of י׳), La 1:14, Dn 8:22, 8:24 a, also v:24 b (si vera l., v. Bev), 11:25 (‖לֵבָב); c. עָחַר 2 Ch 13:20, 22:9, Dn 11:6 (הַזְּרוֹעַ לאֹ תַעְחֹר כ׳, cf. b); in Ho 7:9 fig. of body seems combined with that of land yielding produce (v. 5 infr.) d. power opp. to that of God Am 2:14, Is 10:13 (יָדִי כ׳), Dt 8:17, 1 S 2:9, Zc 4:6, Jb 36:19, Ps 33:16. e. power conferred by God Is 40:29, cf. v:31, 41:1; of prophetic power Mi 3:8.

2. strength of angels Ps 103:20.

3. power of God: in creation Je 10:12, 51:15 (see also 32:17 infr.), Ps 65:7; in governing the world 1 Ch 29:12, 2 Ch 20:6, Ps 29:4; in acts of deliverance and judgment Ex 9:16, 15:6, 32:11, Nu 14:13, 14:17 (JE), Is 50:2, 2 Ch 25:8, Jb 9:19, 24:22, 26:12, 30:18, 36:22; in combin. כֹּחַ גָּדוֹל Dt 4:37; ‖יָד חֲזָקָה Ex 32:11(JE), Ne 1:10; ‖זְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Dt 9:29, 2 K 17:36, Je 27:5, 32:17; he is רַב־כֹּחַ Ps 147:5; cf. רֹב כֹּחוֹ Is 63:1, Jb 23:6; also גדול־כֹּחַ Na 1:3; אַמִּיץ כֹּחַ Is 40:26, Jb 9:4, שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ 37:23; כֹּחַ מַעֲשָׂיו Ps 111:6 the power of his works; בַּכֹּחַ קוֹל י׳ Ps 29:4 (of thunder); specif. of his wisdom (rather peculiarly, Elihu) כַּבִּיר כֹּחַ לֵב Jb 36:5 mighty in strength of mind.

4. of animals: wild ox Jb 39:11, horse v:21, hippopot. 40:16, bullock Pr 14:4; he-goat Dn 8:6 ram v:7.

5. strength, of soil i.e. produce, Gn 4:12 (J), Jb 31:30; (Ho 7:9 v. 1. c supr.); = wealth (cf. חַילִ) Pr 5:10 Jb 6:22.

† [כָּחַל] vb. paint (eyes) (NH id,; Aram. כְּחַל, ܟܚܰܠ; Eth. keh.ala: Ar. كَحَلَ)—only in רָחַחְתְּ כָּחַלְתְּ עֵינַיִח וגו׳ Ez 23:40 (Co rds. 3 pl.);—v. also פּוּח.

† כָּחַשׁ vb. be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean (NH כָּחַשׁ grow lean; Hiph. convict of falsehood, refute; Aram. כְּחַשׁ grow lean; כַּחְשָׁא leanness, כְּחִישׁוּתָא leanness, weakness; Aph. as NH Hiph.)—Qal. Pf. 3 ms. וּבְשָׂרִי כָּחַשׁ מִשָָּׁמֶן Ps 109:24 my flesh hath grown lean (away) fr. fatness (‖בִּרְכַּי כָּֽשְׁלוּ מִצּוֹם). Niph. Impf. וְיִכָּֽחֲשׂוּ אֹיְבֶיְ לָח Dt 33:29 thine enemies shall cringe (come cringing, i.e. orig. act deceptively, feigning obedience) to thee (cf. also Pi. 3, Hithp.) Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּחֵשׁ 1 K 13:18, Hb 3:17; וְכִּ֫חֶשׁ consec. (bef. monosyll.) Lv 5:22, Jb 8:18, etc.; Impf. (בָּהּ)יְכַ֫חֶשּׁ Ho 9:2; 3 fs. וַתְּכַחֵשׂ Gn 18:15, etc.; Inf. abs. כַּחֵשׁ Ho 4:2, Is 59:13; cstr. Zc 13:4; —

1. device, abs. Gn 18:15 (J), Jos 7:11 (JE), Ho 4:2 (אלה וכחשׁ together = false swearing acc. to We:Kl. Pr.; + וְרָחֹחַ וְגָנֹב וְנָאָֹף), cf. לאֹ תִגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלאֹ־ תְכַחֲשׁוּ וְלאֹ תְשַׁקְּרוּ אִישׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֹ Lv 19:11 (H); לְמַעַן כ׳ Zc 13:4 in order to deceive; sq. לְ pers. 1 K 13:18, Jb 31:28; sq. בְ pers. et rei Lv 5:21, בְ rei v:22.

2. act deceptively against (i.e. seem to acknowledge, but not really do so), sq. בְ pers. Jos 24:27 (E), Je 5:12, Is 59:13, Jb 8:18, appar. also בָּהּ וְתִירוֹשׁ יכ׳ Ho 9:2 and new wine shall deny her (Isr.; i.e. refuse to acknowledge her as its mistress, not yield itself to her); abs. Pr 30:9.

3. cringe = come cringing (make shew of obedience, v. Niph.) sq. בְ pers. Ps 18:45 (Hithp. in ‖ 2 S 22:45); sq. לְ pers. Ps 66:3, 81:16.

4. disappoint, fail, abs. כִּחֵשׁ מַעֲשֵׂה זַיִת Hb 3:17 the product of the olive hath failed (in sense comp. Ho 9:2 supr.)

Hithp. Impf. יִתְכַּחֲשׁוּ לִי 2 S 22:45 shall come cringing to me (‖ Ps 18:45. v. supr.)

† כַּ֫חַשׁ n.m.:Jb 16:8

1. lying. 2. leanness;—abs. כ׳ Ho 12:1 + 2 t.; כָָּחַשׁ Ho 10:13; sf. כַּחֲשִׁי Jb 16:8; pl. sf. כַּחֲשֵׁיהֶם Ho 7:3; —1. lying, אֲכַלְתֶּם פְּרִי כ׳ Ho 10:13 ye have eaten the fruit of lying; 7:3 (‖רָעָה), 12:1; of Nineveh, פֶּרֶק מְלֵאָה כ׳ Na 3:1 of lying (and) robbery it is full; Ps 59:13 (‖אָלָה).

2. of Job's affliction Jb 16:8 my leanness hath risen up against me (cf. Ps 109:24; Targum J Gn 41:27, Ec 12:5; Talm. כחשׁא; > my lying, i.e. my affliction regarded as a lying witness, Di Buhl al.)

† [כֶּחָשׁ] adj, deceptive, false (on format. v. Ba:NB 50 Ges:§ 84b)—בָּנִים כֶּחָשִׁים Is 30:9 (‖עַם מְרִי).

כִּי conj. that, for, when (Moab. id,: Ph. כ. Prob. from the same demonstr. basis found in كَي here, and in certain pronouns, as Aram. דֵּךְ this (W:SG 110 f.); perh. also ultim. akin with ܟܰܝ that, in order that, and ܕ then, enclit., like Lat. nam in quisnam?)—

1. that (ὅτι, Germ. dass): a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accus.: so constantly, after vbs. of seeing, as Gn 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֽהִים כִּי טוֹב and God saw that it was good, 3:6, 6:2, 6:5, 12:14 + oft., hearing 14:14, 29:33, knowing 22:12, , 24:14, telling 3:11, 12:18, repenting 6:6, 6:7, swearing Gn 22:16, Je 22:5, believing Ex 4:5, La 4:12, remembering Ps 78:35, forgetting Jb 39:15; אָמַר = command (late; in early Heb. the words said are quoted) Jb 36:10, 36:24 (זְכֹר in a command) 37:20 b, 1 Ch 21:18 (contrast 2 S 24:18) etc.; טוֹב כּי it is good that … 2 S 18:2 + (v. p. 374:b: usu. the inf. c., as Gn 2:18; v. ibid.); Gn 37:26 מַה־בֶּחַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (impf.)…? Mal 3:14 what proft כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (pf.)…? Jb 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that…? after a pron., as Ps 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, 42:5 these things will I remember…that (or how) I used to go, etc., 56:10 this I know that God is for me Jb 13:16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleon. after an intervening clause 2 S 19:7, Je 26:15 +; וְכִי …כִּי Gn 3:6, 29:12, Ex 4:31, Jos 2:9, 8:21, 10:1, 1 S 31:7, 2 S 5:12, 1 K 11:21, Je 40:7, 40:11; וְכִי …לֵאמֹר Gn 45:26, Ju 10:10. b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like أَنْ and the Gk. ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Gn 21:30, 29:33 and she said, כִּי שׁמע י׳ Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Ex 3:12 = Ju 6:16 and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָָּךְ I will be with thee, Jos 2:24, 1 S 2:16 (v. Dr) 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלָךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2 S 11:23, 1 K 1:13, 20:5, Ru 1:10, cf. 2:21 (but in reply to a qu. כִּי may = because, v. sub 3; and so also in sentences giving the expl. of a proper name, Gn 26:22, 29:32 (but De surely: v. infr.), Ex 2:10 (cf. Gn 4:25, 41:51, 41:52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1 S 29:8, 1 K 11:22, 2 K 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed ‘ Why do you say this? ’). c. esp. after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, חַי י׳ etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Gn 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but though Heb. usage prob. gave it an asseverative force, Engl. idiom does not require it to be expressed: Nu 14:22, 1 S 20:3 as י׳ liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 26:16, 29:6, Is 49:18 +; 1 S 14:44 כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֽהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2 S 3:35, 1 K 2:23, Ru 1:17 al.—Note that כִּי when thus used is oft. repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Gn 22:16 f. 1 S 14:39 כִּי מוֹת יָמוּת (אִם־יֶשְׁנוֹ בְּיוֹנָתָן בְּנִי) כִּי חַי י׳ 25:34, 2 S 2:27 כִּי אָז וג׳ (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 3:9, 15:21 Qr 1 K 1:30, Je 22:24. d. כִּי is used sts. with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows: (a) so esp. in אַף כִּי (v. אַף); †הֲכִי is it that…? (as a neutral interrog.) 2 S 9:1, (expecting a neg. answer) Gn 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Jb 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Gn 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2 S 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (wh. would imply הֲלאֹ כִי): rd. prob. with the ‖ 1 Ch 11:25 הִנּוֹ be-hold, he, etc.; † אִם־לאֹ כִּי Dt 32:30 were it not that…; † אָמְנָם כִּי Jb 12:2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; † אַךְ כִּי 1 S 8:9; אֶפֶם כִּי Nu 13:28 +; גַּם כִּי † Ru 2:21; † הֲלאֹ כִי 1 S 10:1 (but v. LXX Dr), 2 S 13:28; † הִנֵּה כִי Ps 128:4; cf. Ps 118:10–12 כִּי אֲמִילַֽם בְּשֵׁם י׳ in the name of י׳ (is it) that—or (I say) that—I will mow them down; Jb 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֹ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Is 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.?…וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew:§ 354 c De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (‖ 2 K 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v:35; 2 Ch 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the orig. וְכִי). 1 Ch 29:14 וְכִי מִי rd. ומי or כי מי (b) in introducing the apodosis, esp. in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then…, Gn 31:42, 43:10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, Nu 22:33 (rd. לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1 S 14:30 LXX (after לוּא), and 13:13 Hi We (לֻא for לאֹ); after אִם Jb 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, Gn 29:32, Jb 7:21 +; or for then = for in that case, Ex 9:15, Nu 22:29, Jb 3:13, 6:3 +). It is dub. whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2 S 2:27, 19:7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitat. preceding (vid. a, c). Rare otherwise: Ex 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִם־חָעֹק יִחְעַק &atO;’tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Is 7:9 if ye believe not :כִּי לאֹ תֵאָמֵֽנוּ indeed ye will not be established. e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emph., yea, surely, certainly (Germ. ja—a lighter particle than these Engl. words): see in AV RV Ex 18:11, Nu 23:23, 1 S 17:25, 20:26, 2 K 23:22, Is 32:13, 60:9, Je 22:22, 31:19, Ho 6:9, 8:6, 9:12, 10:3, Am 3:7, Ps 76:11, 77:12 (Ew Che), Pr 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Ec 4:16, 7:7, 7:20, Jb 28:1 +; La 3:22 (SyrVer Targum Ew Th Öt) the mercies of י׳, surely they are not consumed (rd. prob. תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ru 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. De:Pr 30:1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. f. that, expressing consecution, esp. after a question implying surprise or deprecation: sq. perf., Gn 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me? 1 S 22:8, Is 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? v:16, 36:5, 52:5, Mic 4:9, Hb 2:18; sq. ptcp. Ju 14:3, 1 S 20:1, 1 K 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2 K 5:7, Ez 24:19; usu. sq. impf. Ex 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? 16:7, Ju 8:6, 9:28, 2 K 8:13, Is 7:13, 29:16 (also pf.), Ps 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Jb 3:12 or why the breasts :כִּי אִינָֽק that I should suck? 6:11 מַה־כֹּחִי כִּי אִַיַחֵל, 7:12, 7:17, 10:5 f., 13:25 f., 15:12 f, 15:14, 16:3, 21:15 +; after a neg., Gn 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Ps 44:19 f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Is 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Ho 1:6 (v. RV), Jb 41:2, Ru 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתִּי that I should have said, etc. (cf. Ew:§ 337 a; Dr:§ 39 δ). g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. ..., as יַעַן כִּי because that...: v. sub יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת.

2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Gn 6:1 (cf. Bu:Urg. 6), 26:8, 27:1, 2 S 6:13, 7:1, 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר and esp. כְּ c. inf., are more freq.); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1 S 1:12, 17:48, Jos 22:7, Ju 2:18, 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (freq.) they said, Je 44:19 (ptcp.), Ho 11:1, Ps 32:3 כי החרשׁתי when I was silent, Jb 31:21; 31:26; 31:29; of present (usu. with impf.) as Ex 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1 S 24:20, Is 1:12, 30:21, Je 14:12, Zc 7:5, 7:6, Mal 1:8, Ps 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָָךְ when thou doest well to thyself, 102:1, 127:5 +, with pf. Ez 3:19–21, 33:9, Pr 11:15, 23:22; esp. of future, as Gn 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת־הָאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., 24:41, 30:33, 31:49, 32:18, Ex 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Dt 4:25, 6:20 +; in phrase (תאֹמַר וג׳) וְכִי תאֹמְרוּ Lv 25:20, Dt 18:21, Is 8:19, 36:7, Je 13:22; and esp. in ... וְהָיָה כִּי Gn 12:12, 46:33, Dt 6:10, 15:16, 1 S 10:7, 25:30, Is 8:21, 10:12 + oft.; with pf. Is 16:12, 1 Ch 17:11 (altered fr. impf. 2 S 7:12); with ptcp. (unusual) Nu 33:51, 34:2, Dt 11:31, 18:9. b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם:—(mostly with impf.) Gn 38:16, Nu 5:20, 10:32, Dt 6:25, 7:17, 28:2, 28:13, 1 S 20:13, 2 S 19:8, 2 K 4:29, 18:22, Je 38:15, Pr 4:8, Jb 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), 19:28; oft. in laws, as Ex 21:14, 21:33, 21:35, 21:37, 22:4, 22:5 etc., Dt 13:13, 14:24, 15:7, 15:12, 17:2, 18:6, 18:21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Ex 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which v:3–5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so 21:7 (כי), v:8–11 (אם); v:18 (כי), v:19 (אם); v:20 (כי), v:21 (אם); v:22 f; v:28–32; Lv 1:2 (כי), v:3, v:10 (אם) 4:2, 4:3, 4:13, 4:27, 4:32, 13:2 ff. Nu 30:3 ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Ex 21:5 with Dt 15:16, Nu 5:19 and v:20.—N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is oft. prefixed for distinctness and emph.: 1 K 8:37 רָעָב כִּי־יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וג׳, Is 28:18, Mi 5:4 אַשּׁוּר כִּי־יָבאֹ בְאַרְחֵנוּ, Ps 62:11, Ez 3:19 (וְאַתָּה), 14:9, 14:13, 18:5, 18:18, 18:21, 33:6 (cf. v:2); and esp. in laws of P, as אָדָם …כִּי Lv 1:2; 13:2, ... נֶפֶשׁ כִּי 2:1, 4:2, 5:1, 5:4, 5:15, similarly 15:2, 15:16, 15:19, 15:25, 22:12, 22:13, 22:14 etc., rather differently Nu 5:20. c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though:—(a) with impf. Je 4:30, 4:30, 4:30, 14:12, 49:16 כִּי־תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנְֶּ֑ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, 51:53, Ho 13:15, Zc 8:6, Ps 37:24, 49:19 f. though in his lifetime he bless himself ... he shall come, etc., perh. also Je 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Is 1:5, Ps 23:4 (cf. Dr:§ 143); (b) with perf. (rare) Mi 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Na 1:10 (si vera 1.), Ps 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), 119:88 (Ew De).

3. Because, since ὅτι—a. Gn 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., v:17, 18:20 the cry of S. and G.—because it is great ... (subj. prefixed for emph.: cf. 2 N.B.) Is 28:15; in answer to a qu., Gn 27:20, Ex 1:19, 18:15, 2 S 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a fut. action is conceived as possible (Germ. indem) Lv 22:9, Dt 4:29 כי תדרשׁנו, 12:20 (v.:Dr), v:25, v:28, 13:19, 14:24, 16:15, 19:6, 19:9 +, 1 K 8:35 (cf. v:33 אֲשֶׁר), v:36 כִּי תוֹרֵם, Pr 4:8b. b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Gn 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת וג׳ because on it he rested, etc., 4:25 etc., in which case it may oft. be rendered for, Gn 2:5, 2:28, 3:20, 5:24, 6:7, 6:12, 6:13, Ps 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲחָמָָי for my bones are vexed, 10:14, 25:16, 27:10 + very oft. Spec. after vbs. expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Is 14:29, Ps 58:11, being angry Gn 31:35, 45:5, fearing 43:18, Ps 49:17 etc. Iron. 1 K 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 t.); Pr 30:4, Jb 38:5 כִּי תֵדָָע for or since thou knowest. With subj. prefixed Ps 128:2. Repeated (with anacol.) Is 49:19. c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, esp. in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sts. it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Is 3:8 a, Jb 6:21 (ground of the comparison v:15–20), 14:16 (For…: ground of the wishes expressed v:13–15), 16:22 (ground of v:20 f.) 30:26 (For ...), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Jb 5:6 (reason why complaining v:2–5 is foolish), 15:34, 23:14; sts. it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars wh. establish or exemplify it 2 S 23:5 a, Is 1:30, 5:7, 7:8, 9:4, 10:8–11, 13:10 (development of v:9a), 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed v:5); Jb 11:16 ff. (explic. of v:15b), 18:8 ff. (justifying v:7), 22:26 ff. (justifying v:25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Is 2:6 (reason why invitation v:5 is needed), 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation v:9), 18:5, 28:8 (proof of the intoxication v:7), 31:7 (reason for the exhortation v:6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Jb 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), 27:8–10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the v. which immed. precedes or follows, but to several, as Is 7:16 f. (v:17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare v:15), 21:6 ff. (ground of the statements v:1–5), Jb 4:5 (ground of v:2), 14:7–12 (v:10–12 specially the ground for the appeal in v:6), 23:10–13 (ground why God cannot be found v:8 f.), Ps 73:21 (ground not of v:20, but of the general train of thought v:2–14); similarly Gn 4:24, Dt 18:14, Je 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immed. after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a partic. word, Is 28:20 (justifying ‘ nought but terror ’ v:19), Jb 23:17 (God's hostility v:16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poet. or rhet. style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, esp. the answer to a qu.; Is 28:11 (the mockeries of v:10 have a meaning) ‘ for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people, ’ who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (v:13); = (no,) for Is 28:28 (see RVm), Jb 22:2 b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, 31:18, 39:14 (see v:13b), Ps 44:24 (he cannot do this, v:23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Is 49:25 (see the qu. v:24), 66:8. d. כִּי …כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sts. introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Gn 3:19, 26:7, 43:32, 47:20, Ex 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Is 2:6, 2:6, 3:8, 3:8, 6:5 a, b 10:22 f. Jb 6:3 f. 8:8, 8:9, 8:9, 24:17, 24:17, 29:11 f.; sts. they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Ex 23:21, 23:22, Is 6:5 b, c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips…, because mine eyes have seen י׳ of hosts, 15:5, 15:5, 15:6, 15:6, 15:8, 15:9, Zp 3:8 f. Jb 15:25, 15:27, 20:19 f. 31:11 f.. But וְכִי …כִּי also occurs, Gn 33:11, Nu 5:20 (if), Jo 7:15, Ju 6:30, 1 S 19:4, 22:17, 1 K 2:26, Is 65:16 +. e. after a neg. כִּי for becomes = but (Germ. sondern): Gn 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, 24:3 f. 45:8, Ex 1:19, 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, כי על־י׳ for (they are) agst. י׳ = but agst. י׳, Dt 21:17, 1 S 6:3 (אַל), 27:1 (v. Dr), 1 K 21:17, Is 10:7, 28:27, 29:23, 30:5, Ps 44:8, 118:17 + oft.; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as Gn 18:15 לאֹ כִּי חָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, 19:2, 42:12, Jos 5:14, 1 S 2:16 MSS LXX (v. Dr), 12:12, 2 S 16:18, 24:24, 1 K 2:30, 3:22, 11:22, Is 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.

Note.—כִּי is sts. of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different expl. is tenable. Authorities esp. read the Heb. differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Is 8:23 Ges Ew:§ 330 b doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking v:22 as RVm); Ch surely: 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (expl. of טוֹב): Ez 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because.—In Ex 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it prob. that כֹּי is for (Dr:§ 153). Jb 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi: When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc.

כִּי אִם־ (the אִם always foll. by makkeph, except Gn 15:4, Nu 35:33, Ne 2:2, where כִּי־אִם is read by the Mass.: Fr:MM 241)—1. each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: a. that if Je 26:15; after an oath (כִּי not translated: v. כִּי 1 c) if 1 S 14:39, Je 22:24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2 S 3:35, 1 S 25:34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: v. כִּי 1 c); Ex 22:22 (in apod.) indeed if…(v. כִּי 1 d). b. for if Ex 8:17, 9:2, 10:4, Dt 11:20 +, for though Is 10:22, Je 37:20, Am 5:22, but if Je 7:5.

2. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—a. limiting the prec. clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative)—the most usual term for expressing this idea: sq. vb. Gn 32:27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִם־בֵּרַכְתָּֽנִי lit. but (כִּי 3 e) if thou bless me (sc. I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, ‘ I will not let thee go, except thou bless me; ’ Lv 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִם־רָחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Is 65:6, Am 3:7, Ru 3:18, La 5:21 f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öt), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öt); sq. a noun, except, but, Gn 28:17 this is nothing כִּי אִם־בֵּית הָאֱ׳ but the house of God, 32:9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִם־אוֹתָךְ except thee, Lv 21:2, Nu 14:30 (after אִם), 26:65 (cf. 32:12 בִּלְתִּי), Jos 14:4, 1 S 30:17, 30:22, 2 S 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִם־ (so 2 K 4:2), 19:29, 1 K 17:1 (after אִם), 22:31, 2 K 5:15, 9:35, 13:7, Je 22:17, 44:14 +; after אַל, 2 Ch 23:6; sq. an adv. clause, Gn 42:15, Nu 35:33, 2 S 3:13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: rd. prob. with LXX כִּי אִם־הֵבֵיאתָ); after an interrog. Is 42:19 who is blind כִּי אִם־עַבְדִּי but my servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?), Dt 10:12, Mi 6:8, Ec 5:10, 2 Ch 2:5. b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (cf. אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), Gn 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir; כִּי אִם־אֲשֶׁר וג׳ but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (cf. 1 K 8:19), 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (cf. כִּי alone 17:15), 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money…is all made over to, etc., Ex 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Dt 7:5, 12:5, 16:6, Jo 23:8, 1 S 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh :כִּי אִם־חָֽי but raw, 8:19 לאֹ כִּי אִם־מֶלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (cf. כי alone, 10:19, 12:12), 21:5, 2 S 5:6, 1 K 18:18, 2 K 10:23 (פֶּן), Is 33:21, 55:10, 55:11, 59:2, Je 3:10, 7:32, 9:23, 16:15, 20:3, Ez 36:22, 44:10, Am 8:11, Ps 1:2, 1:4, Pr 23:17 (אַל) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as Gn 15:4, 1 K 8:19), Lv 21:14, Ez 44:22, Nu 10:30, 2 K 23:23, Je 39:12 Kt (Qr om. אִם), cf. 7:23. Occas. in colloq. language, the neg., it seems, is left to be understood: 1 S 26:10 as י׳ liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but י׳ shall smite him, 2 S 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr om. אִם). Sq. imv. Is 65:18, Ez 12:23, Je 39:12, 2 Ch 25:8. Sts. also, though rarely (and not certainly), כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous neg.: Gn 40:14 כִּי אִם־זְכַרְתָּנִי אִתְְּ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but rd. perh. אַךְ for כִּי; v Dr:§ 119 δ n., the use of a bare pf., without לוּ, or even waw consec., to express a wish or command is unexampled), Nu 24:22 כִּי אִם־ :יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (cf. Di), Jb 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִם־פָּנָיו אֶשָּׂא c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (cf. בִּלְתִּי אִם, עַד אִם:אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (v. כִּי 1 c): 2 K 5:20 as י׳ liveth, כִּי אִם־רַחְתִּי surely I will run (pf. of certitude) after him, etc., Je 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (viz. assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men—i.e. increased thy population,—yet shall they—the assailants—lift up the shout against thee), 2 S 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. part. Ru 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֹאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Ju 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִם־נִקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1 S 21:6 כִּי אִם־אִשָּׁה עֲחֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1 K 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Pr 23:18 (v. De) surely there is a reward; perh. also Jb 42:8.

† כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gn 18:5, 19:8, 33:10, 38:26, Nu 10:31, 14:43, Ju 6:22, 2 S 18:20 Qr (rightly), Je 29:28, 38:4—lit. for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew:§ 353 a ). The orig. force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gn 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּי־עַל־כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (sc. to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Nu 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּי־עַל־כֵּן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from י׳ etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8 c) † Jb 34:27.

I. כִּי, branding, v. sub כוה. p. 465

† [כִּיד] n.[m.] only sf. כִּידוֹ Jb 21:20, meaning unknown; rd. prob. פִּידוֹ his misfortune (as 12:5 etc.)

כיד (√ of foll.; cf. perh. Ar. كَادَ in sense labour, take pains, strive, or struggle with, كَيْدُ war).

† I. כִּידוֹן n.[m.] dart, javelin (NH id.)—abs. כ׳ Jos 8:18 + 6 t.; כִּידֹן Je 50:42; cstr. כִּידוֹן 1 S 17:6; —dart, javelin (distinct fr. חֲנִית spear, lance, q.v.), (ך)אשׁר ביד נטה בַּכּ׳ Jos 8:18, 8:18, cf. v:26; רַעַשׁ כּ׳ Jb 41:21 the rushing sound of a dart; בְּהֶרֶב וּבַחֲנִית וּבְכ׳ 1 S 17:45 (weapons of Goliath), כ׳ נְחשֶׁת בֵּין כְּתֵפָיו v:6 (חֲנִית in v:7); + חֲנִית Jb 39:23 also; קֶשֶׁת וְכ׳ Je 6:23, 50:42.

† II. כִּידֹן n.pr.m. 1 Ch 13:9, LXXL Χεδων, A Χειλω; = נָכוֹן 2 S 6:6 (LXX Νωδαβ, A Ναχων, LXXL Ορνα).

כִּידוֹד v. sub כדד; כִּידוֹר v. sub כדר. p. 461

† כִּיּוּן n.pr.dei Am 5:26, prob. = As. kaivânu, planet Saturn (Ar. and Pers. كَيْوَانُ Syr. ܟܶܐܘܳܢ), regarded as god; orig. pronunc. כֵּיוָן Schr:COT ad loc., cf. Kö:ii. 151 (pointing כִּיּוּן intended to suggest √ כון as something established, firm);the following â should also have a breve over it Waiting for entitykaimâ̆nu = kaiânu, acc. to Jen:Cosm. iii. 502 who der. fr. כון (cf. Thes; so Zim:BP 17); > Hpt:ZA ii. 266, 281 f. rds. כַּיָּוָן (for כְּאָמָן…), reading the Babyl. name Ka‚’âmânu; v. also M-A:JBL 1892, xi. 86 n. 39.

כִּיּוֹר, v. sub I. כור. p. 468

כִּילַי, כֵּלַי Is 32:5, 32:7 v. נכל (Kö:ii. 118). p. 647

† כֵּילַפּוֹת n.[f.] axe (loan-word (cf. Frä:74) fr. As. kalappatu v. Dl:HWB 333)—יַהֲלֽמָוּן בְּכַשִּׁיל וְכ׳ Ps 74:6 (‖קַרְדֻּמּוֹת v:5).

כִּימָה v. sub כום. p. 465

† כִּיס n.m.:Pr 1:14 bag, purse (perh. kindred with כּוֹס, q.v.; Ar. كِيسُ (prob. fr. Pers. كِيسَةُ Lane:2640); Eth. kisa: NH כִּיס; Aram. כִּיסָא, ܟܺܝܣܳܐ Plam. מן כיסה from his purse = at his own expense, Vog:p. 13 al.)—bag, in which were carried: a. weights (v. אֶבֶן 5) Dt 25:13, Mi 6:11, Pr 16:11; b. money, i.e. a purse Is 46:6, Pr 1:14.

כִּיִּר, [כִּיר], כִּירַיִם v. sub I. כור. p. 468

כִּישׁוֹר v. sub כשׁר. p. 507

כָּ֫כָה v. sub כה p. 462 supr.

כִּכָּר v. sub כרר; כֹּל v. sub I. כלל. p. 503

† [כָּלָא] vb. shut up, restrain, withhold (NH id.; Aram. כְּלָא, ܟܠܳܐ; Eth. kal0: restrain, hinder; As. Kâlû, id.; Ar. كَلَأَ protect Qor 21:43 cf Ba:ZMG 1887, 605 Anm. 4)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. כְּלָאוֹ Je 32:3; 3 fs. כָּֽלְאָה Hg 1:10; 2 fs. sf. כְּלִתִ֫נִי 1 S 25:33; 1 S. כָּלִאתִי Ps 119:101; 3 pl. כָּֽלְאוּ Hg 1:10, כָּלוּ 1 S 6:10; Impf. 3 ms. יִכְלֶה Gn 23:6; 2 ms. תִּכְלָא Ps 40:12; 2 fs. תִּכְלָאִָי Is 43:6; 1 S. אֶכְלָא Ps 40:10; Imv. sf. כְּלָאֵם Nu 11:28; Inf. cstr. לִכְלוֹא Ec 8:8; Pt. pass. כָּלוּא Je 32:2, כָּלֻא Ps 88:9; (on the metapl. forms, as if fr. כלה, v. Ges:§ 75, 21 c Kö:i. 611);—

1. shut up, c. acc. 1 S 6:10 (+ בְ loc.), Je 32:3; pt. pass. Je 32:2 (בְ loc.), fig. Ps 88:9 (opp. יחא).

2. restrain, c. acc. 1 S 25:33 (+ מִבּוֹא בְדָמִים), Ps 119:101 (+ מִכָּל־); כְּלָאֵם (sc. מֵהִתְנַבֵּא) Nu 11:28; שְׂפָתַי כ׳ Ps 40:10; אֶת־הָרוּחַ כ׳ Ec 8:8. On Ps 74:11 v. כלה Pi. 2. 3. withhold, אֶת־קִבְרוֹ כ׳ מִמְְּ מִקְּבֹר מֵתְֶָ Gn 23:6 (P), רַחֲמֶיְ מִמֶָּנּי כ׳ Ps 40:12, Hg 1:10 b, prob. also v:a (rd. טָָל for MT LXX מִטָָּל, We); abs. אַל־תִּכְלָאִי (sc. exiles) Is 43:6 (‖תְּנִי). Niph. Impf. וַיִּכָּלֵא הַגֶּשֶׁם מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 8:2 (J), and the rain from heaven was restrained, cf. וַיִּכָּֽלְאוּ מַיִם רַבִּים Ez 31:15 (in fig.; ‖מנע); וַיִּכָּלֵא הָעָם מֵהָבִיא Ex 36:6 (P). Pi. [Pf. כִּלָּא and] Inf. cstr. לְכַלֵּא v. כלה Pi.

† כֶּ֫לֶא n.[m.] confinement, restraint, imprisonment;—abs. כ׳ 1 K 22:27 + 6 t.; sf. כִּלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29, Je 52:33; pl. כְּלָאִים Is 42:22; —confinement, in combin. כ׳(ה)בֵּית (cf. As. bit kili, prison, Dl:HWB 328) 1 K 22:27 = 2 Ch 18:26, 2 K 17:4, Je 37:15, 37:18, Is 42:7; בָּֽתֵּי כְלָאִים v:22 (cf. בַּיִת 1 (ε) (2) p. 109 supr.; v. also כלוא infr.); בִּנְדֵי כִלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29 = Je 52:33 garments of imprisonment = prison-garb.

† כלוא Kt, כְּלִיא Qr n.[m.] id.;—בֵּית הַכּ׳ Je 37:4, 52:31 (v. כֶּלֶא supr.)

† I. מִכְלָה (incorrect for מכלא) n.[m.] enclosure, fold;—חאֹן גָּזַר מִמּ׳ Hb 3:17; pl. cstr. לקח מִמִּכְלְאֹת חאֹן Ps 78:70 (obj. David); pl. sf. לקח מִמִּכְלְאֹתֶיְ 50:9 (obj. he-goats).—II. מִכְלָה v. sub כלה. p. 479

† כִּלְאַיִם n.[m.] du. two kinds (Ar. كِلَانِ, كِلَا both; Eth. kl0e: two; perh. also כלאי MI:23 both, two, Nö:LCB 1889, 61, cf Dr:Sm xcii; Sm u. So:MI, 1886 suggest reservoirs; v. also כְּלִי)—בְּהֶמְתְְּ לאֹ תַּרְבִּיעַ כ׳ Lv 19:19 not cause thy cattle to breed (in) two kinds; שָֽׂדְְ לאֹ תִּזְרַע כ׳ v:19 (H); לאֹ תִּזְרַע כַּרְמְְ כ׳ Dt 22:9 (both כִּלְאָָיִם); בֶּגֶד כ׳ Lv 19:19 (H);—only in law of H and D against mixtures.

† כִּלְאָב n.pr.m. second son of David, 2 S 3:3 = דָּנִיֵּאל 1 Ch 3:1, v. דָּנִיֵּאל

1. p. 193 supr.

כלב (√ of foll.; meaning unknown; Thes regards כֶּלֶב as onomatop.)

† כֶּ֫לֶב n.m.:1 S 24:15 dog (NH id.; Ph. כלב; Aram. כַּלְבָּא, ܟܰܠܒܳܐ, Ar. كَلْبُ; Eth. kalb: As. kalbu Dl:HWB 328)—abs. כ׳ Ju 7:5 + 16 t., כָָּלֶב Ps 59:7, 59:15; pl. כְּלָבִים 1 K 14:11 + 12 t.; cstr. כַּלְבֵי Jb 30:1; sf. כְּלָבֶיְ Ps 68:24; —dog: a. lit. 1 K 14:11, 16:4, 21:19, 21:19, 21:23, 21:24, 22:38, 2 K 9:10, 9:36 (all of fierce, hungry dogs, devouring dead bodies and licking blood); cf. Je 15:3 and (לְשׁוֹן כְּלָבֶיְ) Ps 68:24; eating torn flesh, Ex 22:30 (E), כַּלְבֵי חאֹנִי = my sheep-dogs, only Jb 30:1 (in both these with implied inferiority); dog-sacrifice was a heathen rite Is 66:3 (Di al.); v. esp. RS:Sem. i, 273 (291), 325 (343); in various sim. Ju 7:5, Pr 26:11, 26:17, Ps 59:7, 59:15; in proverbial sayings: לאֹ לִשֹׁנוֹ יֶחֱרַץ־כ׳ Ex 11:7 (v. I. חרץ); מֵת טוֹב מִן־ לְכ׳ הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ec 9:4. b. applied, fig., to men, in contempt 1 S 17:43, so of psalmist's enemies Ps 22:17, 22:21, or in excessive humility 2 K 8:13; still more emphatically מֵת כ׳ a dead dog, הַמֵּת הַכּ׳ 2 S 9:8, 16:9; also ראֹשׁ כ׳ 3:8; כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים Is 56:10 (of misleading prophets), עַזֵּי נֶפֶשׁ הַכּ׳ v:11 (id.); כ׳ was name given to male temple-prostitutes Dt 23:19 (v. Dr; cf. קָדֵשׁ).

† כָּלֵב n.pr.m. (Nab. n.pr. כלבא Eut (Nö):p. 55. כלבו Vog:Nab. 6; cf. also We:Skizzen u. Vorarbeiten iii. 217; on כָּלֵב = dog-clan, v. RS:K 17, 190 f., 219, 254);—son of יְפֻנֶּה (LXX Χαλεβ; cf. Lag:BN 78), called הַקְּנִזִּי (v. קְנַז) in JE, Nu 32:12, Jos 14:6, 14:14, cf. 15:17 = Ju 1:13, Ju 3:9 (where קְנַז is brother of כ׳), also 1 Ch 4:15; treated as full Judahite only in P Nu 13:6 (v. GFM:Ju p. 30 f.) the one of the spies who (with Joshua) reported well of Canaan 14:6, 14:24, 14:30, 14:38; also 26:65, 34:19, Dt 1:36, Jos 14:13, 15:13, 15:14, 15:16, 15:18, 21:12 (P= 1 Ch 6:41) Ju 1:12, 1:14, 1:15, 1:20 (‖ with Jos 15); = clan of Caleb 1 S 30:14 (disting. from Judah). Caleb is called בֶּן־חֶחְרוֹן 1 Ch 2:18, cf. v:19, v:42, v:46, v:48, v:49, v:50 = כְּלוּבָָי v:9; בְּכָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה 1 Ch 2:24, rd. perh בָּא כ׳, so LXX Vulgate, cf. Kau:AT (v. אֶפְרָתָה p. 68 supr.)

† כָּלִבִּי adj.gent. of כָּלֵב 1 S 25:3 Qr (Kt כְּלִבּוֹ).

† כְּלוּב n.pr.m. 1. a name in Judah 1 Ch 4:11, LXX Χαλεβ (acc. to We:Gentib. 20, Hist. 218 = כָּלֵב בֶּן־ חֶזְרוֹן; rd. also for כַּרְמִי v:1). 2. father of one of David's officers, acc. to 1 Ch 27:26 (LXX Χοβουδ, A Χαλουβ, LXXL Χαλουβ).

† כְּלוּבָָי n.pr.m. a son of Hezron of Judah, acc. to 1 Ch 2:9 (LXX Χαβελ, A Χαλεβ, LXXL Χαλωβι), = כָּלֵב v:18 etc. (see כָּלֵב 2).

† כְּלוּב n.m.:Je 5:27 basket, cage (√ dub.; NH id., כְּלִיבָה Aram. ܟܽܘܠܒܳܫܳܐ in Lexx.; TelAm. kilubi, bird-net, cf. Zim:ZA vi. 145, 147)—abs. כִּכְלוּבמָלֵא עוֹף Je 5:27 like a cage full of birds; cstr. כְּלוּב קַיִץ Am 8:1, 8:2 a basket of summer furit.

I. כָּלָה:206 vb. be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent (NH id., Pi.; Ph. כלה; As. kalû, put and end to, and cease, vanish Dl:HWB 329; late Aram. כְּלָא cease, perish (not Targum); on root-meaning enclose cf. כלא and Ba:ZMG 1887, 605)—† Qal. Pf. כ׳ 1 K 6:38 +; 3 fs. כָּֽלְתָה 1 S 20:7 +; 1 S. כָּלִיתִי Ps 39:11; 3 pl. כָּלוּ Jb 19:27 +; 2 mpl. כְּלִיתֶם Mal 3:6; וּכְלִיתֶם consec. Ez 13:14; 1 pl. כָּלִינוּ Ps 90:7, etc.; Impf. יִכְלֶה Pr 22:8; juss. יִ֫כֶל Jb 33:21 (v. Dr:§ 171–173 Ges:§ 109. 2 b Anm. Da:Synt. § 51 R. 5; 64 R. 6); 3 fs. תִּכְלָה 1 K 17:14; וַתֵּ֫כֶל Ex 39:32 + 2 S 13:39 (v. infr.); 3 mpl. יִכְלוּ Is 1:28 +, יִכְלָי֑וּן Is 31:3, etc.; Inf. cstr. כְּלוֹת Ru 2:23 +, etc.;—

1. a. be complete, at an end, of a period of time Gn 41:53 (E; opp. III. חלל Hiph. begin v:54), Je 8:20 (‖עבר); so of action or event, with emphasis on time Is 10:25, 24:13, Ru 2:23, 2 Ch 29:28 (opp. הֵחֵל v:27), v:34, Dn 12:7 (‖קֵץ v:6, v:9);—vid. also 2 b infr. b. be completed, finished, of a work: temple 1 K 6:38, 1 Ch 28:20, 2 Ch 8:16 (‖שָׁלֵם), tabernacle Ex 39:32 (P). c. be accomplished, fulfilled, only of purposed wrath, or predicition of י׳, Ez 5:13 (‖כַּלּוֹתִי v:b, see Pi.), Dn 11:36, 2 Ch 36:22 = Ezr 1:1. d. be ideally complete, be determined, always in bad sense, plotted, subj. הָרָעָה: sq. מֵעִם of agent 1 S 20:7, also v:9 (+ לָבוֹא עַל), + v:33 (rd. כָּֽלְתָה, for MT כָּלָה הִיא, LXX We Dr Kit Bu); הָרָעָה אֶל־אֲדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל־כָּל־בֵּיתוֹ כ׳ 25:17; sq. מֵאֵת of agent Est 7:7 (+ אֵלָיו).

2. a. be spent, used up (prop. come to an end), of water Gn 21:15 (E), meal 1 K 17:14, 17:16. b. waste away, be exhausted, fail, lit. of fading grass Is 15:6 (‖יָבֵשׁ, לאֹ היה), of vintage 32:10 (opp. בּוֹא), of vanishing cloud Jb 7:9 (in sim., ‖הלך); fig. of fleeting days of life v:6 (‖קלל), cf. Ps 102:4 and כָּלוּ בְיָגוֹן חַיַּי Ps 31:11, Je 20:18; v. also 1 a supr.; of flesh Jb 33:21, cf. of vital strength Ps 71:9, בָּשָׂר וּשְׁאֵר Pr 5:11, כ׳ שְׁאֵרִי וּלְבָבִי Ps 73:26, subj. רוּחִי 143:7; once of י׳'s compassion לאֹ־כָלוּ רַחֲמָיו La 3:32 (‖תמם, on txt. see VB); esp. of eyes exhausted by weeping La 2:11, strained by looking (fig.) for relief or refreshment, pine, languish 4:17, Ps 69:4, Jb 11:20, 17:5, Je 14:6 (of wild asses); sq. לְ La 4:17 and, in spiritual sense, Ps 119:82, 119:123; similarly (sq. לְ) of נפשׁ exhausted by longing Ps 84:3 (‖נכסף), 119:81, כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי Jb 19:27; so also 2 S 13:29 where rd. וַתֵּכֶל רוּחַ הַמֶּלֶח (for MT וַתְּכַל דָּוִד הַמּ׳) and the spirit of the king pined to go forth unto Absalom, cf. LXXL We Klo Dr Kit Bu. c. come to an end, vanish = perish, be destroyed, by י׳'s judgment Is 1:28 (‖שֶׁבֶר), 16:4 (‖אָפֵס, תָּמַם), 29:20 (‖אָפֵס, נִכְרַת), 31:3 (‖כשׁל, נפל), וּבַחֶרֶב וּבָרָעָב יִכְלוּ Je 16:4, cf. 44:27 (‖תָּמַם), Ez 5:12 (‖מוּת, נָפַל), 13:14, Mal 3:6, Ps 37:20, 37:20; (‖אבד), Jb 4:9 (‖ id.), Ps 71:13 (‖בּוֹשׁ); hyperbol., of severe discipline 39:11, 90:7 (‖נבהל); of prosperity of a people Is 21:16; שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ יִכְלֶה Pr 22:8 the rod of his wrath perishes (> Ew al. is accomplished, of God's wrath).—Dn 12:7 rd. perh. וְכִכְלוֹת יַד נֹפֵץ עַם קֹדֶשׁ and when the power of the shatterer of the holy people should come to an end, so Bev after LXX (for difficult MT וּכְכַלּוֹת נַפֵּץ יַד־עַם־קֹדֶשׁ) †.