כ

כ, כּ eleventh letter; used as numeral 20 in postB Heb.; כא = 21, כב = 22, etc.

כְּ proposes subst. the like of, like, as (Aramaic כ, Ph. כ, Arabic كَ, Sab. in כעד דא as till now DHM^{ZMG xxix. 615}, Assyrian kî, kîma, Dl^{HWB325 f.})—before tone-syll. ךָּ, as כָּזֶה, כָּאֵ֫לֶּה, כָּהֵ֫מָּה; c. sf. כָּכֶם Nu 15:15 + 7 times (Jb 16:4 כָּכֵם: Kö^{ii. 1. 285}), כָּהֶם †2 K 17:15, כָּהֶן †Ez 18:14 [also with nom. forms, כָּהֵ֫מָּה, כָּהֵם, כָּהֵ֫נָּה; v. הֵמָּה 8; cf. Arabic كَأَنَا, كَأَنْتَ etc.]. before light sf., in the form כְּמוֹ (q.v.), viz. כָּמֹנִי, כָּמוֹנִי Gn 44:15 + 16 times, כָּמוֹךָ Gn 41:39 + 28 times, כָּמֹכָה †Ex 15:11^(×2), כָּמֹהוּ 9:18 + 23 times, כָּמוֹה 11:6 + 2 times, כָּמֹנוּ Gn 34:15 + 3 times; also כְּמוֹכֶם †Jb 12:3, כְּמוֹהֶם †Ju 8:18 ψ 115:8; 135:18. Prop. an undeveloped subst., capable of standing in any case and followed (like كَ) always by a gen., as 1 S 20:3 כי כפשׂע for there is (nomin.) the like of a footstep (Arabic كَخَطْوَةٍ) between me and death, Gn 41:38 הנמצא כזה shall we find (accus) the like of this one? (v. especially Fleischer^{Kl.Schrr. i. 376 ff.} Mühlau, ap. Bö^{ii. 64 f.}, with many Arabic exx.; also W^{AG i. § 356 R c.; ii. § 63} Ges^{§ 118. 6.}; compare, for both usage and constr., the Lat. instar: this view criticized by Kö^{ii. 1, 279 ff.}, who treats כְּ as demonstr. adv.); but Heb. having no case-endings, its proper sense was doubtless forgotten, and כְּ became practically equivalent to a prep. like, as:—

1. a. quantitatively (like the Arabic قَدْر measure, number, size, of …: قَدْرُ مِاىَٔةٍ as many as 100), to express exact or approx. equality, in the latter case the like of is = about: Dt 1:11 Yahweh add to you ככם אלף פעמים the like of you (Saad مِثْلَكُم) 1000 times (cf. 2 S 24:3), Ex 12:37 כשׁשׁ מאות אלף רגלי the like of (i.e. about) 600,000 footmen, 32:28 כשׁלשׁת אלפי אישׁ, Jos 4:13; 7:8 1 S 9:22; 25:38 ויהי כעשׂרת הימים (nomin.) and there was the like of (= about) 10 days, and, etc. Ru 2:17 כאיפה שׂערים, etc., cf. כַּמָּה the like of what? = how many? (v. מָה); as accus. of space or time, Nu 11:31 כדרך יום the like of a day’s journey, Jos 3:4; Jos 10:13 כיום תמים about a whole day (Arabic نَحْوَ يَوْمٍ كَامِلٍ), Ru 1:4 כעשׂר שׁנים. So (as adv. accus.) with words denoting a point of time: often with עֵת, as כָּעֵת הַזֹּאת lit. at the like of this time = about this time, Jos 11:6 al., כָּעֵת מָחָר at the like of the time, (being) to-morrow = about to-morrow, Ex 9:18 +, כָּעֵת חַיָּה (v. חי), Is 8:23 כעת הראשׁון at the former time, כָּעֵת alone = at the (present) time, now Nu 23:23 Ju 13:23, Is 23:5 (unusual) כְּשֵׁמַע צֹר; so כְּהַיּוֹם, כַּיּוֹם (v. יוֹם 7 h), כִּמְעַט, כְּרֶגַע; and especially with inf., v. 3 b. b. qualitatively (like Arabic مَثَلُ likeness of …), to express resemblance in respect of some attribute, action, character, appearance, etc.: so very often; as subj. of a sentence, Nu 9:15 כמראה אשׁ the like of (= as it were) an appearance of fire was, etc. (cf. Ez 1:4, 26 a, 27 Dn 8:15; 10:18), 23:22 כתועפות ראם לו, Ex 24:10, Dt 4:32 הנהיה כדבר הגדול הזה hath there been the like of this great thing? 9:10 Jos 10:14; Ho 9:1 Is 23:15 ψ 58:5 Pr 16:27 La 1:20 בַּבַּיִת כַּמָּוֶת, Ec 8:14; Lv 14:35 כְּנֶגַע נראה בביתי the like of (i.e. a kind of) mark; מִי כָמוֹכָה who is the like of thee? Ex 15:11 (Saad. مَنْ مَثَلُكَ) +; as gen. אֵין כָּמוֹךָ 1 S 10:24 2 S 7:22 +; as pred., Ju 8:21 כָּאִישׁ גְּבוּרָתוֹ, Hb 2:5 וְהוּא כַמָּוֶת, ψ 17:14; 89:30 וכסאו כימי שׁמים (of time: so v 37), 125:1, etc.; after a verb, היה כְּ to become the like of (like), Gn 3:5 + cft. (v. היה II. 2 c), cf. after שִׂים Gn 13:16 +, נתן 42:30 +, שִׁית ψ 83:12 +, שִׁוָּה 18:34, נֶחְשַׁב 44:23 +, נִמְשַׁל 49:13, הִרְבָּה Gn 22:17 +; add כָּזֹאת, כָּאֵלֶּה the like of this (these), i.e. tale, talia (whether nom. or accus.) Ju 13:23; 15:7; 19:30 Lv 10:19 + (v. זֹאת, אֵלֶּה). Cases such as to give or reward a man כמעשׂהו, כרעתו, etc., the like of his doings, etc., 2 S 3:39 1 K 8:32 ψ 18:25; 28:4, to speak כדבר הזה or כדברים האלה Gn 18:25; 24:28 + often, form the transition to c. as an accus. of mode or limitation, in or with the like of (= like, as, according to, κατά);—(1) expressing conformity to a standard or rule: Gn 1:26 let us make man כדמותנו according to our likeness, 9:3 Jos 19:47 Ju 20:10 1 S 13:14 hath looked out אישׁ כלבבו a man according to his own heart (Je 3:15); to do a thing כמשׁפט הזה Jos 6:15, cf. Gn 40:13 2 K 11:14, etc., כדבר פ׳ Gn 44:2 + often, כְּצִדְקִי ψ 7:9, כְּחַסְדְּךָ 51:3, כַּכָּתוּב according to what is written Jos 8:31, 34 +, בלא ככתוב (late) †2 Ch 30:18, etc. (2) in comparisons: qualifying an adj., Ex 16:14 דַּק כַּכְּפוֹר, Ct 6:10 יָפָה כַלְּבָנָה, cf. Gn 13:10; a verb ψ 7:3 פֶּן־יִטְרֹף כְּאַרְיֵה, 19:6 יָשִׂישׂ כְּגִבּוֹר, Is 42:13, etc.; with the tertium compar. attached in a relative clause, Dt 32:11 כַּנֶּשֶׁר יָעִיר קִנּוֹ like the great vulture, (that) stirreth up its nest, Jb 9:26; 11:16 Is 61:10 like the bride, who putteth on, etc., 62:1 כְּלַפִּיד יִבְעַר like a torch (that) burns (on the presence or absence of the art. in such cases, v. הַ 1 f), ψ 42:2; 83:15 (infr. 2 d) + often (cf. Dr^{§ 34}: כְּ is not in these cases to be construed as a conj. [= כַּאֲשֶׁר] with the verb: v. De ψ 38:14 Ges^{§ 155, 2 b, 1 R.}). d. sometimes כְּ is used in partic. to compare an object with the class to which it belongs, and express its correspondence with the idea which it ought to realize: Is 13:6 (= Jo 1:15) of the יום י׳, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבוֹא i.e. it comes as a veritable, or ideal, destruction from Shaddai, 29:2 of Ariel (v 1) והיתה לי כאדיאל i.e. shall be to me as a true Ariel (cf. Ges^{§ 118 x}): so also, according to Hi De, 10:13 Ez 26:10 Zc 14:3 2 S 9:8 ψ 122:3 Ct 8:10 (v. De), Ec 10:5 Ne 7:2. The older grammarians called this the Kaph veritatis (a translation of Ki’s כ״ף הָאֲמִתּוּת, כ״ף לאמת הדבר, Michl.^{45 a (Lyck)}, Comm. Jos 3:4, 1 S 9:13, Is 1:7, Ho 5:10, or כ׳ף הָאֲמִתִּי, Lex s. v. יוֹם): they extended it unduly (e.g. to Nu 11:1 La 1:20 Ho 11:4).

2. repeated, כְּ … כְּ, to signify the completeness of the correspondency between two objects (peculiar to Heb.): a. in a principal clause, Gn 18:25 וְהָיָה כַצַּדִּיק כָּרָשָׁע lit. that the like of the righteous be the like of the wicked, i.e. that the righteous be as the wicked, 44:18 כמוך כפרעה the like of thee is the like of Pharaoh, i.e. thou art as Pharaoh, Lv 24:22 כַּגֵּר כָּאֶזְרָח יִהְיֶה, 1 K 22:4 כָּמֹנִי כָמוֹךָ כְּעַמִּי כְעַמְּךָ (Van Dyck شَعْبِي كَشَعْبِكَ مَثَلِي مَثَلُكَ), Hg 2:3 הֲלוֹא כָמֹהוּ כְּאַיִן כְּעֵינֵיכֶם is not the like of it the like of nothing in your eyes? i.e. is it not like nothing in your eyes? ψ 139:12 כַּחֲשֵׁיכָה בָּאוֹרָה i.e. the darkness (to thee) is as the light. Usually the first term is the subj. and the second is the standard with which it is compared: but occas. the terms are inverted, as Lv 7:7 Nu 15:15 Ju 8:18 כמוך כמוהם (Van Dyck مَثَلُهُم مَثَلُكَ), Ho 4:9 Is 24:2, cf. 59:18 (Note, infr.) b. in a subordinate clause (to be regarded as subordinated in the accus. to the principal verb); (α) attached to the subj. of the principal vb., Lv 24:16 כגר כאזרח … יומת he shall be put to death, the like of the stranger (being) the like of the homeborn, Jos 8:33. (β) attached to its object, Dt 1:17 כקטן כגדל תשׁמעון lit. ye shall hear (them), the like of the small (being) the like of the great. c. occas., for כְּ … כְּ, there occurs כְּ … וכ: Jos 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה the like of my strength then, and the like of my strength now, i.e. they are similar (cf. וְ 1 j) 1 S 30:24 Ez 18:4 Dn 11:29. d. yet more distinct than כְּ … כְּ, is כְּ … כֵּן; in a nominal sentence (Ges^§140–1), ‘כְּ with its genit. forming the predic., and כֵּן resuming it with emph. and connecting it with the subject;’ 1 S 25:25 כִּי כִשְׁמוֹ כֶּן־הוּא for the like of his name, such (or so) is he, Gn 44:10 Jos 2:21 Je 18:6 ψ 48:11; 127:4 Pr 10:26 +; in a verbal sentence, ‘כְּ preceding, as an accusative of state, and giving the secundum comparationis, and כֵּן resuming it,’ Jo 2:4 כפרשׁים כן ירוצון ‘instar (accus.) equitum, sic currunt’ (Fl^l.c.), Ho 4:7 lit. with (or in) the likeness of their multiplying, so they sinned against me, Gn 6:22 1 S 8:8 Is 38:14 Ez 22;22 ψ 42:2; 83:15 + often

3. before an inf.: a. like (lit. with or in the likeness of …), Ju 14:6 כְּשַׁסַּע הַגְּדִי like the rending of a kid, i.e. as when a kid is rent (by a lion), 2 S 3:34 Is 5:24 ψ 66:10; 68:3 Jb 2:10, etc.; = as if, Is 10:15 or shall the saw magnify itself against him that wieldeth it כהניף שׁבט את־מרימיו with the like of a staff’s shaking (= as if a staff were to shake) him that lifted it! b. of time, about, at, whether of the past or of the future: Gn 19:17 כהוציאם אותם at their bringing them forth, i.e. as or when they brought them forth 24:30; 29:13; 39:10, 13 + very often; of the future, 44:30, 31 Dt 20:2, 9 2 S 13:28 +; Is 28:20 b (different from v 20 a) and the covering is (too) narrow when one gathers oneself in. Occasionally with the verbal noun, Ho 13:6 כמרעיתם at the time of their feeding, Is 30:19 כְּשָׁמְעָתוֹ; וּכְחֶזְקָתוֹ †2 Ch 12:1; 26:16 Dn 11:2 (Ew^{§ 238 a, 239 a}): cf. Is 23 b כְּשֵׁמַע צֹר. With the ptcp. †Gn 38:29 (si vera l.), perhaps 40:10; cf. Dr^{§ 135. 6, Obs. 2}.

Note. —כְּ is rarely prefixed to preps., the only exx. which occur being the idiomatic כְּבָרִאשֹׁנָה, †Ju 20:32 1 K 13:6 Is 1:26 Jer 33:7, 11; כְּבַּתְּחִלָּה in the ‖ clause †Is l.c.; כְּבַחֲצִי †1 S 14:14 (apparently corrupt); כְּמִשְׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים †Gn 38:24 (and prob. כְמֵחֹדֶשׁ 1 S 10:27 𝔊); כְּמִפְּנֵי †Lv 26:37; †כְּעַל (late): b. pleon. for כְּ (עַל = according to), Is 63:7 כְּעַל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה, 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֹת כְּעַל וְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (ellipse of rel., as Jb 34:32, etc.); b. = as over ψ 119:14, = as concerning 2 Ch 32:19. Where logically a prep. would seem to be required after כ, it is in Heb. regularly omitted (Ges^{§ 118. 3 R}), the nature of כְּ, as explained above, not in fact admitting it; thus Is 1:25 I will purge away thy dross כַּבֹּר [not, as in Engl., like as with lye, but] (with) the like of lye (כ being an accus. defining the mode in which אצרף takes place); 5:17 כְּדָבְרָם in Engl. as in their pasture, Ju 20:39, כְּיוֹם as in the day of, Is 9:3 ψ 95:8 +, כִּימֵי Jb 29:2 who will set me as in the days of old! Is 51:9 +, כְּנֹקֶף זַיִת as at, etc., 17:6: so with לְ ψ 83:10 Jb 29:23, על 30:5. כְּ is used also pregnantly with substs., ψ 18:34 who maketh my feet like hinds (for like the feet of hinds), Is 29:4; 63:2 בגדיך כדורך בגת, Je 50:9 Jb 40:9 al. Cf. Ges^{§§118. 6; 141. 2 R. n}.

† כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when (cf. for the combin. Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּר)—

1. according to that which, according as, as: a. Gn 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, 44:1 Ex 8:23 Nu 22:8 1 S 2:16; Gn 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so כ׳ בראשׁונה Jos 8:5, 6 2 S 7:10; Ex 5:13 כאשׁר בהיות התבן: Gn 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, v 16 8:21; 12:4; 17:23; 21:1^(×2) Ex 16:24; 39:1, 5, 7 Nu 3:16, 42 etc.; כאשׁר דבר י׳ Dt 1:21; 2:1; 6:3, 19 + often Dt. b. answered, for increased emph., by כֵּן (cf. כְּ 2 d), Gn 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Ex 7:10, 20; Gn 18:5 (J) כן תעשׂה כאשׁר דברת, Ex 10:10 (iron.), Am 5:14 (do.); in opp. order, Ju 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי כן שׁלם לי, Ex 7:6 כאשׁר צוה י׳ כן עשׂו, cf. 12:28, 50; 39:43 Nu 5:4; 17:26; 36:10 (all P); with impf. (freq.) Nu 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more … the more, Ex 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, cf. 17:11 (JE) והיה כאשׁר ירים … וגבר ישׁר׳ according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Nu 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Dt 28:63 (Je 31:28), 1 K 1:30 Is 10:11; 14:24; 52:14 f. + (v. כֵּן 2 b). c. answered by וַ· (Dr^{§ 127 γ}) †Ex 16:34 Nu 1:19. d. often in similes (sq. impf. of habit) Ex 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Nu 11:12 Dt 1:44 Is 9:2; 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Is 31:4; 55:10; 66:22 Am 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the pf. with וְ consec. (Dr^§115) Dt 22:26 Is 29:8 כאשׁר יחלם … והקיץ, 65:8 Am 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (cf. כְּ הָיָה) to be as if, Jb 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zc 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.

2. with a causal force, in so far as, since (Germ. demgemäss dass), Gn 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Nu 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פ׳ inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Ju 6:27 1 S 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2 K 17:26 Mi 3:4.

3. with a temporal force, when, Gn 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., 32:3, 32 1 S 8:6 2 S 12:21 +; answered by וַ· (Dr^{§ 127 β}), 1 S 6:6; 12:8; ויהי כאשׁר … and it came to pass, when … Gn 12:11; 20:13; 24:22, 52; 27:30 Ex 32:19 + often; Gn 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Est 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Jos 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a ‘conflate’ reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gn 27:40; 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Ho 7:12 Ec 4:17; 5:3, and without a verb Is 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים.—Mi 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Jb 29:25 as one who.

כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, proposes a subst.: cf. Aramaic כְּמָא like ψ 78:68 Levy, usually כְּמָא דְּ like as; ܐܰܟ݂ܡܳܐ (i.e. ܐܰܝܟ݂ ܡܳܐ) like what, like, usually sq. ܕ ? like as; Sam. ࠊࠌࠄ; Arabic كَمَا; Ethiopic ከመ kama, like as, Di^{Gr § 63 a} Sab. כמו ZMG ^{1883, 394})—used 1. (56 times) as an indep. word (except Gn 19:15 Ne 9:11, only in poetry); 2. as an equivalent for כְּ before sfs., always before light ones, and occasionally before heavy ones (v. כְּ ad init.):—

1. a. prep., as poet. syn. of כְּ, like, as, Ex 15:5 they went down כמו־אבן like a stone (hence in prose Ne 9:11), v 8 (ψ 78:13), Is 30:22; 51:6 (v. כֵּן), 26:17 כְּמוֹ הָרָה תַּקְרִיב לָלֶרֶת (see כְּ 1 c (2), on the constr.: so 41:25 ψ 58:5, 8a. 9), v 18 we have brought forth the like of, as it were, wind, Je 13;21; 15:18; 50:26 Ez 16:57 (כמו עת as at the time of: v. כְּ Note), Ho 7:4; 8:12; 13:7 Hb 3:14 (as it were), Zc 9:15; 10:2, 7 (as with wine: v. ib.) Elsewhere chiefly in ψψ (19 times) and Jb (11 times), as ψ 29:6; 61:7; 63:6; 78:69; 79:5; 88:6; 90:9, Jb 6:15; 10:22^(×2); 12:3 כמו אלה the like of these things, 14:9 Ct 6:10; 7:2 La 4:6 כמו רגע (in prose כרגע). Repeated, like כְּ … כְּ, †ψ 58:10 and answered by כֵּן Is 26:17.—ψ 58:8 b כמו יתמוללו, as it were is against usage of כמו (with a vb.), and yields a lame sense: read perhaps ית׳ [חָצִיר] כמו (Lag Che); ψ 73:15 if I said, אֲסַפְּרָה כְמ֑וֹ, the text is untranslateable, the rendering thus for כמו being indefensible: prob. הֵנָּה has dropped out before the following הִנֵּה: for כְּמוֹ הֵנָּה the like of these things, cf. Jb 23:14 כָּהֵנָּה, and 12:3 supr. b. conj. = כַּאֲשֶׁר: (α) of time, once, †Gn 19:15 כְּמוֹ עָלָה הַשַּׁחַר when the dawn arose; (β) of mode, according as, †Zc 10:8 וְרָבוּ כְּמוֹ רָבוּ Pr 23:7 (answered by כֵּן).—

For 2 (before sfs.), see כְּ.

† כָּאַב vb. be in pain (Aramaic כְּאֵב, ܟܶܐܒ id.; Arabic كَىِٔبَ be sorrowful, sad; Assyrian in deriv., ikkibu, pain Zim^{BP 67}, kêbtu, ruin Hpt in KAT^{2 Gloss. i.})—

Qal Impf. יִכְאָב־ Pr 14:13; יִכְאָ֑ב Jb 14:22; Pt. כּוֹאֵב ψ 69:30; כֹּאֲבִים Gn 34:25;— 1. be in pain, physical Gn 34:25 (J, as result of circumcision); Jb 14;22 (subj. בָּשָׂר; poet. of body in grave ‖ נַפְשׁוֹ תֶּאֱבָ֑ל). 2. of mental pain Pr 14:13 (subj. לֵב); prob. also ψ 69:30 (‖ עָנִי).

Hiph. Pf. 1 s. sf. הִכְאַבְתִּיו Ez 13:22; 2 fpl. הִכְאַבְתֶּן v 22 𝔊 𝔗 Co (MT הַכְאוֹת v. כָּאָה); Impf. יַכְאִיב Jb 5:18; תַּכְאִ֫בוּ 2 K 3:19; Pt. מַכְאִב Ez 28:24;—pain, mar; 1. of enemies of Isr. under fig. of thorn causing pain (no object expr.) קוֹץ מַכ׳ Ez 28:24 (‖ סִלּוֹן מַמְאִיר); of שַׁדַּי, no obj. expr., Jb 5:18 (opp. חָבַשׁ, ‖ מָחַץ). 2. of mental pain, obj. לֵב, Ez 13:22 (subj. false prophetesses, v. supr.); cf. v 22 (subj. י׳). 3. (si vera l.) of marring good land with stones 2 K 3:19, 𝔊 ἀχρειώσετε (Klo תְּאַבְּדוּ).

† כְּאֵב n.m. ^{Jb 2:13} pain;—כ׳ abs. Jb 2:13 Is 17:11; cstr. 65:14; sf. כְּאֵבִי Jb 16:6 + 2 times;—pain, mental and physical Jb 2:13; 16:6 perhaps also ψ 39:3; כּ׳ אָנוּשׁ (in disappointment and disaster) Is 17:11 (‖ נַחֲלָה from חָלָה; mental, כּ׳־לֵב Is 65:14 (‖ שֵׁבֶר רוּחַ) so Je 15:18 (‖ מַכָּה fig.)

† מַכְאוֹב n.m. ^{ψ 32:10} pain;—מ׳ abs. Ec 1:18 + 2 times; cstr. ψ 69:27; sf. מַכְאוֹבִי (מַכְאֹבִי) ψ 38:18 + 3 times, etc.; pl. מַכְאוֹבִים ψ 32:10 Ec 2:23; מַכְאֹבוֹת Is 53:3; sf. מַכְאֹבָיו Ex 3:7; מַכְאֹבֵינוּ Is 53:4;—

1. pain, physical, Ex 3:7 (‖ עֳנִי; cf. מִפְּנֵי נֹגְשָׂיו in context); 2 Ch 6:29 (‖ נֶגַע); Jb 33:19.

2. of mental pain, ψ 32:10 (of troubles of wicked), of Babylon Je 51:8; ψ 38:18; 69:27 (as result of sin; of י׳’s servant); in י׳’s word to Baruch Je 45:3 (‖ יָגוֹן, אֲנָחָה), cf. of Israel in distress Je 30:15 (‖ שֵׁבֶר), of Jerus. La 1:12^(×2), 18, Ec 1:18 (יוֹסִיף דַּעַת יוֹסִיף מַכ׳); 2:23 (‖ כַּעַם עִנְיָנוֹ); partic. of suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:3, 4 (both ‖ חֳלִי).

† [כָּאָה] vb.Niph. be disheartened, cowed (cf. Arabic كَأْكَأَ draw back timidly, كَآءَ abstain through timidity)—

Niph. Pf. וְנִכְאָה consec. Dn 11:30 then shall he be cowed; Pt. נִכְאֵה לֵבָב ψ 109:16 downhearted (‖ עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן).

Hiph. Inf. cstr. הַכְאוֹת לֵב צַדִּיק Ez 13:22; but 𝔊 𝔗 Co הכאבתן v. כָּאַב.

† [כָּאֶה] adj. cowed, ψ 10:10 Qr חֵל בָּאִים; host of cowed ones, but read Kt חלכאים; v. p. 319.

[כאר] v. II. כור.

כָּאֹר Am 8:8, v. יְאֹר.

כבב (√ of foll., cf. Sta^{§ 116, 3}; meaning not wholly clear; Arabic كَبَّ is roll threads into a ball, كُبَّةٌ ball of thread, but also troop of horses, band of men, etc.; Ethiopic ከበበ is in orbem circumsistere, ከባብ, ክባብ orbis, circulus, etc.; hence perhaps star, as round, or as collected in bands, clusters, constellations; Assyrian kabâbu = burn; kabâbê, shields, is written ḳabâbê by Dl^HWB578).

† כּוֹכָב n.m. ^{Gn 15:5} star (NH id.; Aramaic כּוֹכְבָא, כּוֹכַבְתָּא, ܟܰܘܟܒܳܐ, ܟܰܘܟܰܒܬܳܐ, fem. form specifically of planet Venus, v. also We^{Skizzen iii. 36, 38}; Arabic كَوْكَبٌ gen. of single stars and prob. Aramaic loan-word, We^{Skizzen iii. 173}; Ethiopic ኮከብ; prob. for כבכב v. Mahri kubkob, kobkîb, etc., Maltzan ZMG ^{1873, 227} and Assyrian kakkabu Dl ^{HWB 336}; Pun. κακαβουμ (Dioscorides), name of a plant, prob. from shape of seed-cup, BlauZMG ^{xxvii, 1873, 529}; on formation cf. Nö^{M § 109} Ba^{NB§ 138. 1})—כ׳ abs. Nu 24:17; cstr. כּוֹכַב Am 5:26; pl. כּוֹכָבִים Gn 1:16 + 19 times; cstr. כּוֹכְבֵי (כֹּכְבֵי) Gn 22:17 + 13 times; כֹּכְבֵיהֶם Ez 32:7;—sg. only כ׳ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם Am 5:26 (where, however, כ׳ is prob. a gloss, so GFM Dec. 19, 1890, and now We; v. further כִּיּוּן), and כ׳ מִיַּעֲקֹב Nu 24:17 (JE; ‖ שֵׁבֶט בישׂראל, metaph. of future ruler); elsewhere pl. stars, ‖ sun and moon (cf. also infr.) Gn 1:16 (P) ψ 136:9 (to rule the night, cf. Gn 1:16), Je 31:35 Gn 37:9 (E), Joseph’s dream (אַחַד עָשָׂר כ׳ = 11 brethren); Dt 4:19 obj. of idol. worship (cf. infr.); observed in augury הַחֹזִים בַּכּ׳ Is 47:13 (of Babylon); Ec 12:2 (‖ (also) light; fig. of brightness of youth); ‖ sun Jb 9:7; ‖ moon ψ 8:4; sign of evening Ne 4:15 (מֵעֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר עַד צֵאת הַכּ׳) cf. כּוֹכְבֵּי נִשְׁכּוֹ Jb 3:9 (appar. sign of dawn); numbered by God ψ 147:4; sim. of abundant posterity, Gn 15:5; 22:17; 26:4 Ex 32:13 (all JE); of Isr. Dt 1:10; 10:22; 28:62 1 Ch 27:32 Ne 9:23; of number of merchants of Nineveh Na 3:16; as lofty, Jb 22:12; so in fig. of haughty nations Ob 4 is 14:13; cf. symbolic vision of Dn (‖ צָבָא, צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם) Dn 8:10; sim. of brightness of righteous Dn 12:3; not pure (זַכּוּ) before God Jb 25:5 (‖ moon); darkened in Yahweh’s judgment Jo 2:10; 4:15 Ez 32:7 (‖ sun and moon; so) Is 13:10 (‖ also כְּסִילֵיהֶם); personified: as fighting Ju 5:20; shouting Jb 38:7 (בְּרָן־יַחַד כּוֹכְבֵי בֹקֶר, ‖ בְּנֵי אֱלֹהִים); praising ψ 148:3 (כּוֹכְבֵי אוֹר, ‖ sun and moon).—On stars in Arabic mythol. v. We^{Skizzen iii.173 f.}

† כָּבֵד vb. be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured (NH Pi. honour, and deriv., כֹּבֶד weight; Ph. n.pr.f. כבדת = honoured one, and in cpd. n.pr.; Ethiopic ከብደ be heavy, etc.; Assyrian kabâdu or kabâtu, grow or be heavy, Dl^HWB; cf. Arabic كَبَدٌ difficulty, distress; كَبَدَ iii. struggle with difficulties, etc.; Zinj. כבדו honour, DHM^{Sendsch. 58}; Sab. כבודת gifts of honour, = Heb. נדבה freewill offering DHM^{ZMG 1883, 341 f.})—

Qal Pf. כ׳ Is 24:20; 3 fs. כָּֽבְדָה Gn 18:20 + 4 times; כָּבֵ֑דָה Ju 20:34; 3 mpl. כָּֽבְדוּ Gn 48:10; Impf. יִכְבָּד Ex 9:7 Is 66:5; יִכְבָּ֑ד Jb 6:3; 33:7 + 10 times Impf. (כָּבֵד Gn 12:10 + is given as 3 m. Pf. by some; but it is prob. taken better as adj. SS make כָּבֵד ψ 38:5 inf. abs.; < Thes adj.).— 1. be heavy, in weight, of misfortune, heavier than sand Jb 6:3; of God’s hand in punishment 1 S 5:11, with אֶל 1 S 5:6; עַל ψ 32:4; of man’s hand in war Ju 1:35; יָדִי כָּֽבְדָה עַל־אַנְחָתִי my hand is heavy upon my groaning Jb 23:3 is explained by 𝔗 Hrz Schlottm as hand smiting me; but read rather with 𝔊 𝔖 Ew De Reu Di יָדוֹ of God’s hand; of pressure אַכְפִּי Jb 33:7 (𝔊 כַּפִּי); = vehement, sore, of battle Ju 20:34; c. אֶל 1 S 31:3 = עַל 1 Ch 10:3; burdensome, grievous; וְלֹא נִכְבַּד עָלֶי֑ךָ lest we be burdensome unto thee 2 S 13:25; of work laid upon one, bondage, with עַל Ex 5:9 (JE) Ne 5:18; of sin conceived as a burden Gn 18:20 (J), iniquities ψ 38:5; transgressions, with עַל Is 24:20. 2. heavy, insensible, dull, of the eyes, so as to be unable to see Gn 48:10 (JE); of the ears Is 59:1; of the לֵב, hard, insensible Ex 9:7 (J; P and E’s syn. is חָזַק, q.v.) 3. be honoured (cf. βαρύς) of a man Jb 14:21 (opp. יצערו: cf. Hiph. 3), of Tyre Ez 27:25, of Yahweh Is 66:5.

Niph. Pf. נִכְבַּד 2 S 6:20, נִכְבָּ֔ר 2 S 23:19, 23 1 Ch 11:21; נִכְבַּדְתָּ Is 43:4; + 2 times Pf.; Impf. אֶכָּבֵד Lv 10:3 Is 49:5; אִכָּֽבְדָה Ex 14:4, 17; אִכָּבֵ֑דָה 2 S 6:22; אִכָּֽבְדָ֯ Hg 1:8; Imv. הִכָּבֵד 2 K 14:10; Inf. הִכָּֽבְדִי Ex 14:18 Ez 39:13; Pt. נִכְבָּד Gn 34:19 + 6 times; pl. נִכְבָּדִים Nu 22:15; cstr. נִכְבַּדֵּי Is 23:8, 9 Pr 8:24; נִכְבַּדֶּיהָ Na 3:10; נִכְבְּדֵיהֶם ψ 149:8; Pl. f. נִכְבָּדוֹת ψ 87:3— 1. pass. a. be made heavy from abundance, מַעְיָנוֹת נִכְבַּדֵּי־מָ֑יִם fountains abounding in water Pr 8:24. b. be honoured, enjoy honour, of man 1 S 9:6; 22:14; 2 S 6:20, 22; 23:19 = 1 Ch 11:21, 2 S 23:23; 2 K 14:10; Is 43:4; 49:5; 1 Ch 4:9 וַיְהִי נִכְבָּד, 11:25 נִכְבָּד הוּא (altered from 2 S 23:23); but more frequent in pt. as subst. honourable, honoured, distinguished man Gn 34:19 Nu 22:15 (JE) Is 3:5; 23:8, 9; Na 3:10; ψ 149:8; נִכְבָּדוֹת ψ 87:3 glorious things; הַשֵּׁם הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא Dt 28:58 the glorious and awe-inspiring name (of Yahweh). 2. medial, get oneself glory (or honour), of God Is 26:15; Ez 28:22; 39:13; Hg 1:8; with בְּ in or by any one Ex 14:4, 17, 18 (P); עַל־פְּנֵי Lv 10:3 (P).

Piel Pf. 2 m. sf. כִּבַּדְתָּ֫נִי Is 43:23; 3 mpl. כִּבְּדוּ 1 S 6:6; + 3 times Pf.; Impf. יְכַבֵּד Mal 1:6 + 3 times; sf. יְכַבְּדָ֑נְנִי ψ 50:23; 3fs. sf. תְּכַבְּדֵנִי Is 43:20; אֲכַבְּדָה ψ 86:12; + 12 times Impf.; Imv. כַּבֵּד Ex 20:12 + 2 times; + 3 times Imv.; Inf. abs. כַּבֵּד Nu 22:17; + 2 times Inf.; Pt. מְכַבֵּד 2 S 10:3; + 4 times Pt.;— 1. make heavy, insensible (cf. Qal 2) the לב(ב) 1 S 6:6^(×2). 2. make honourable, honour, glorify, usually c. human subj.: a. human obj., parents Ex 20:12 = Dt 5:16 (Dec.), Mal 1:6; Balaam Nu 22:17^(×2), 37; 24:11^(×2) (JE); sons of Eli 1 S 2:29; Saul 1 S 15:30; Nahash 2 S 10:3 = 1 Ch 19:3; Jerusalem La 1:8; more gen. ψ 15:4; subj. God 1 S 2:30 b ψ 91:15, cf. Pr 4:8. b. obj. things, sacred place Is 6:13 (God subj.); the Sabbath Is 58:13. c. God obj. 1 S 2:30 a Is 24:15; 25:3; 43:20 ψ 22:24; 50:15, 23 Pr 14:31; + acc. rei זבחיך Is 43:23; + בְּ instr. (lips) Is 29:13; + מִן (מֵהוֶֹנ֑ךָ) Pr 3:9; obj. the name of י׳, c. acc. ψ 86:12; c. לְ ψ 86:9; obj. the מַלְאַךְ י׳ Ju 13:17. d. subj. indef. (si vera l.), obj. God and man Ju 9:9 (of olive; on text, especially בּוֹ for בִּי, v. GFM). e. obj. a heathen god לֶאֱלֹהַּ Dn 11:38^(×2).

Pu. be made honourable, honoured. Impf. יְכֻבָּ֑ד Pr 13:18; 27:18; Pt. מְכֻבָּד Is 58:13.

Hiph. Pf. הִכְבִּיד La 3:7 + 5 times; 2 f. הִכְבַּדְתְּ Is 47:6; + 4 times Pf.; Impf. וַיַּכְבֵּד Ex 8:28; 9:34; Imv. הַכְבֵּד Is 6:10; Infin. abs. הַכְבֵּד Ex 8:11; cstr. הַכְבִּיד 2 Ch 25:19; Pt. מַכְבִּיד Hb 2:6.— 1. make heavy, a yoke 1 K 12:10, 14 = 2 Ch 10:10, 14, Is 47:6; ellipt. with עַל Ne 5:15; a chain La 3:7; pledges, with עַל Hb 2:6. 2. make heavy, dull, unresponsive, the ears Is 6:10 Zc 7:11; the לֵב Ex 8:11, 28; 9:34; 10:1 (J). 3. cause to be honoured, of depopulated districts of NE. Israel, Is 8:23, of restored nation Je 30:19 (‖ לא יצערו); shew or display honour, 2 Ch 25:19 לְהַכְבִּיד (in ‖ 2 K 14:10 הִכָּבֵד).

Hithp. Imv. הִתְכַּבֵּד Na 3:15; f. הִתְכַּבְּדִי Na 3:15; Pt. מִתְכַּבֵּד Pr 12:9;— 1. make oneself heavy, dense, numerous (cf. כָּבֵד 1 b) as locusts Na 3:15^(×2). 2. honour oneself Pr 12:9.

† כָּבֵד adj. heavy;—כ׳ Gn 41:31 + 34 times; cstr. כְּבַד Ex 4:10^(×2); כֶּ֫בֶד Is 1:4; pl. כְּבֵדִים Ex 17:12; cstr. כִּבְדֵי Ez 3:5, 6;—

1. a. heavy, a burden ψ 38:5; hands (weary of holding up) Ex 17:12 (E), hair of head 2 S 14:26, a corpulent old man 1 S 4:18; עַם כֶבֶד עָוֹן Is 1:4 a people heavy with (the burden of) iniquity; a cloud charged with rain Ex 19:16 (E); a rock of large size Is 32:2; oppressive, grievous, burdensome, a yoke 1 K 12:4, 11 = 2 Ch 10:4, 11; a famine Gn 12:10; 41:31; 43:1; 47:4, 13 (J); the vexation (כַּעַם) of a fool Pr 27:3; vehement, sore, of a mourning Gn 50:11 (J). b. massive, abundant, numerous, of a people עַם Nu 20:20 (J) 1 K 3:9; army חיל 2 K 6:14; 18:17 = Is 36:2; insect swarm Ex 8:20 (J). c. heavy, dull of speech and tongue Ex 4:10^(×2) (JE); of the לֵב, hard Ex 7:14 (J). d. burdensome, of a thing Ex 18:18 (E) people Nu 11:14 (J); of a people to be understood Ez 3:5, 6.

2. in the usage of J כָּבֵד מְאֹד is frequent: a. very oppressive, grievous, of hail Ex 9 18:24; murrian Ex 9:3; lamentation Gn 50:10. b. very numerous, cattle Ex 12:38; army, מַחֲנֶה Gn 50:9; locusts Ex 10:14; so חַיִל 1 K 10:2 = 2 Ch 9:1. c. very rich, במקנה in cattle Gn 13:2.

† כָּבֵד n.[f. Gn 49, 6] liver (explained by Thes (quoting Galen) as the heavy organ, par excellence, of the body; NH כָּבֵד; Aramaic כַּבְדָא, ܟܰܒܕܳܐ; Arabic كَبِدٌ, cf. أَكْبَدُ (anything) large, thick in the middle; Ethiopic ከብድ Assyrian kabittu Dl^HWB temper, heart (fig.), Aramaic כְּבַד, ܐܶܬܟܰܒܰܕ be angry, because the liver was regarded as seat of emotions)—כ׳ Ex 29:13 + 11 times; כְּבֵדוֹ Pr 7:23; כְּבֵדִי La 2:11;—liver of man, as pierced by arrow Pr 7:23; poured out in sorrow La 2:11; of animals as consulted by divination רָאָה בַּכּ׳ Ez 21:26; elsewhere in P, in phrases (ה)יֹתֶרֶת (עַל־)הַכָּבֵד Ex 29:13, 22; Lv 3:4, 10, 15; 4:9; 7:4; 8:16, 25; 9:19; הַיֹּתֶרֶת מִן־הַכּ׳ Lv 9:10, of the animals suited for sacrifice.

† כֹּ֫בֶד n.[m.]

1. heaviness, weight of a stone Pr 27:3.

2. mass, abundance, of corpses Na 3:3.

3. vehemence, of war Is 21:15, of storm Is 30:27.

† I. [כָּבוֹד] adj. glorious, only fs. כְּבוּדָּ֯ה, of a bed Ez 23:41; a queen in bridal array ψ 45:14; ψ 45:14 belongs to II. כָּבוֹד 2; cstr. as Ges^{§ 141 d}; v. also כֹּל 1 a end. cf. כְּבוּדָּ֯ה n.f. infr.

† II. כָּבוֹד n.m. ^{Is 60:1} and †f. ^{Gn 49:6} abundance, honour, glory;—כ׳ Jos 7:19 + 70 times; כָּבֹד Gn 31:1 Na 2:10; cstr. כְּבוֹד Ex 16:7 + 62 times; כְּבֹד Pr 25:2^(×2); sf. כְּבוֹדִי Gn 45:13 + 17 times; כְּבֹדִי Gn 49:6 + 3 times; + 40 times sfs.—

1. abundance, riches Gn 31:1 (J), Is 10:3; 61:6; 66:11, 12 Na 2:10 ψ 49:17, 18.

2. honour, splendour, glory, of external condition and circumstances: a. of men: of Joseph in Egypt Gn 45:13 (E); of Job Jb 19:9; 29:20; of Ephraim Ho 9:11, Samaria Ho 10:5; עֹשֶׁר וְכָכוֹד wealth and splendour 1 Ch 29:12, 28; 2 Ch 17:5; 18:1; 32:27; Pr 3:16; 8:18; 22:4; עשֶׁר (וּ)נְכָסִים וְכ׳ 2 Ch 1:11, 12 = גם ע׳ גם כ׳ 1 K 3:13, Ec 6:2; ‖ עשֶׁר Pr 11:16; man was crowned with כ׳ וְהָדָר at his creation, ψ 8:6; the king is given כ׳ ‖ הוֹד וְהָדָר ψ 21:6. b. of things, כ׳ עָשְׁרוֹ Est 5:11 splendour of his wealth, of a throne 1 S 2:8 (poem), Is 22:23; Je 14:21; 17:12; a kingdom Est 1:4; chariots Is 22:18; priestly robes Ex 28:2, 40 (P); Lebanon Is 35:2; 60:13; forest Is 10:18 (fig. of royal might); trees Ez 31:18; temple Hg 2:3, 9; restored holy land ψ 84:12 Is 4:2, 5; Jerus. Is 62:2. c. of God, glory, (1) in historic theophanies: to Moses Ex 33:18, 22 (J); ‖ אֹתֹת Nu 14:22 (JE); ‖ גָּדְלוֹ Dt 5:21. P uses כ׳ יהוה for theophanies of the Exodus Ex 16:7, 10; 24:16, 17; 40:34, 35; Lv 9:6, 23; Nu 14:10; 16:19; 17:7; 2:6, cf. 2 Ch 5:14 = 1 K 8:11, 2 Ch 7:1, 2, 3; so Ezek., Ez 1:28; 3:12, 23; 10:4^(×2), 18; 11:23; 43:4, 5; 44:4; with the variation כ׳ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Ez 8:4; 9:3; 10:19; 11:22; 43:2, and הַכָּבוֹד Ez 3:23; the sacred tent was sanctified by the Glory Ex 29:43 (P), and the temple was מְקוֹם מִשְׁכַּן כ׳ ψ 26:8; when the ark was captured, the Glory went into exile from Israel 1 S 4:21, 22. (2) in historic and ideal manifestations to the pious mind Yahweh’s name is a name of glory ψ 72:19 Ne 9:5; his eyes of glory Is 3:8; in the temple his glory is seen ψ 63:3; it is על השׁמים ψ 113:4; על כל הארץ ψ 57:6, 12; in a thunderstorm he is אֵל הַכָּבוֹד ψ 29:3; his glory is לְעוֹלָם ψ 104:31; it is great ψ 138:5; above all the earth ψ 108:6; the whole earth is full of it Is 6:3; the heavens are declaring כְּבוֹד אֵל ψ 19:2; with reference to the divine reign כּ׳ הֲדַר מַלְכוּתוֹ, ψ 145:12; הֲדַר כ׳ הוֹדֶ֑ךָ ψ 145:5. (3) he is מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד ψ 24:7, 8, 9, 10^(×2); he will appear in his glory ψ 102:17, his glory will be revealed in a march through the wilderness to the holy land Is 40:5, the land will see it Is 35:2, shine with it Ez 43:2, and it will dwell in the land ψ 85:10; it will be to the rearward of Israel Is 58:8; it will arise and be seen upon Jerusalem Is 60:1, 2; Yahweh will be the glory in the midst of her Zc 2:9; the temple will be filled with it Hg 2:7; the earth will be filled with a knowledge of it Hb 2:14, and with it Nu 14:21 (JE) ψ 72:19; it will be declared among the nations and all will see it Is 66:18, 19^(×2) ψ 97:6 and peoples and kings revere it ψ 102:16 Is 59:19; י׳ will reign before his elders in glory Is 24:23; the resting-place of the Messiah will be כָּבוֹד Is 11:10.

3. honour, dignity of position מנע מִכּ׳ withhold from honour Nu 24:11 (E); ירד מִכּ׳ descend from Je 48:18; שׁלח אחר כ׳ send after Zc 2:12; רוּם בכ׳ ψ 112:9; שׁכב בכ׳ Is 14:18; תמך כ׳ Pr 29:23; יַרְבֶּה כ׳ Dn 11:39; לקח כ׳ take me to honour ψ 73:24; not becoming to fools Ps 26:1; לפני כ׳ ענוה before honour (goeth) humility Pr 15:33; 18:12; antithesis קלון Ho 4:7; Hb 2:16; Pr 3:35, קִיקָלוֹן Hb 2:16; כָּבוֹד is used as collective, of honoured men, dignitaries, nobility כבוד ישׂראל Mi 1:15; elsewhere as cstr. before various nations or with sfs. only Is 5:13; 8:7; 10:16; 16:14; 17:3, 4; 21:16; 22:24.

4. honour, reputation, of character, of man וְלֹא־לְךָ לְכ׳ 2 Ch 26:18 neither will it be for thine honour; ‖ חכמה Ec 10:1; צדקה Pr 21:21; antith. כְּלִמָּה ψ 4:3; וְחֵקֶר כְּבֹדָם כָּבוֹד Pr 25:27 and searching out of their glory is (not) glory כ׳ לאישׂ Pr 20:3; כ׳ אֱלֹהִים הַסְתֵּר דָּבָר וכ׳ מְלָכִים חֲקֹר דָּבָר Pr 25:2 the honour of God is to conceal a thing, but the honour of kings is to search out a thing.

5. my honour, poet. of the seat of honour in the inner man, the noblest part of man ‖ נפשׁי Gn 49:6 (poem) ψ 7:6; לִבִּי ψ 16:9 108:2; it is called upon to זמּר ψ 30:13 (read כְּבוֹדִי for כָּבוֹד); עוּרָה ψ 57:9.

6. honour, reverence, glory, as due to one or ascribed to one: a. of men, due to a father Mal 1:6; honour done to David by Nathan’s prophecy 1 Ch 17:18; עשׂה כ׳ לְ 2 Ch 32:33 do honour to; נתן כ׳ לְ Pr 26:8; ‖ ישׁע ψ 62:8. b. of God, כְּבוֹדִי the honour due to me (Yahweh) Is 42:8; 43:7; 48:11 כ׳ שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ψ 79:9; נתן כ׳ לְ 1 S 6:5 Je 13:16 Mal 2:2 ψ 115:1; שׂים כ׳ לְ Jos 7:19 (J), Is 42:12; שׂים כ׳ תהלתוֹ ψ 66:2; יהב כ׳ ועז לְ ψ 29:1; 96:7 = 1 Ch 16:28; יהב כ׳ שְׁמוֹ לְ ψ 29:2; 96:8 = 1 Ch 16:29; זמּר כ׳ שְׁמוֹ ψ 66:2; ספּר כבודו בגוים ψ 96:3 = 1 Ch 16:24; אמר כ׳ מלכותך ψ 145:11; נתן כבודי בגוים Ez 39:21; אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד ψ 29:9 say Glory; יַעְלְזוּ בְּכ׳ exult with (ascriptions of) glory ψ 149:5.

7. glory as the object of honour, reverence and glorifying, כְּבוֹדִי ψ 3:4 my glory (the one whom I glorify); כְּבוֹדָם ψ 106:20 their glory; כְּבוֹדוֹ Je 2:11.

† כְּבוּדָּ֯ה n.f. abundance, riches Ju 18:21. See also i. [כָּבוֹד].

כְּבֵדֻת n.f. heaviness, וַיְנַהֲגֵהוּ בִּכ׳ Ex 14:25 (J) and they drave them with heaviness (difficulty).

† [כָּבָה] vb. be quenched, extinguished, go, out, of fire or lamp (NH id.; Aramaic כְּבָא light of eyes; Arabic كَبَا id.)—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. כָּבוּ Is 43:17; Impf. יִכְבֶּה 1 S 3:3; Pr 21:18; 3 fs. תִּכְבֶּה Lv 6:5 + 10 times; Inf. cstr. כְּבוֹתְךָ Ez 32:7 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Co (MT כַּבּ׳ Pi.)—be quenched, extinguished (c. neg. except 1 S 3:3; Pr 26:20; Is 43:17), of lamp (נֵר אֱלֹהִים) in sanctuary 1 S 3:3; of altar-fire Lv 6:5, 6; of נֵרָהּ Pr 31:18; of bodies of renegade Israelites Is 66:24 (cf. גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם); subj. אֵשׁ fig. of contention Pr 26:20; fig. subj. fire kindled by י׳ Ez 21:3, 4; subj. wrath (חֵמָה) of י׳ 2 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 34:25; Je 7:20; wrath under fig. of fire (אֵשׁ) Je 17:27; so of burning land of Edom Is 34:10; of annihilation of Yahweh’s enemies Is 43:17 (כַּפִּשְׁתָּה; ‖ דָּעַךְ), cf. Pharaoh Ez 32:7 (v. supr.)

Pi. Pf. וְכִבּוּ consec. 2 S 14:7; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְכַבֶּנָּה Is 42:3; 2 ms. תְּכַבֶּה 2 S 21:17; וַיְכַבּוּ 2 Ch 29:7; Inf. כַּבּוֹת Ct 8:7; also MT כַּבּוֹתְךָ Ez 32:7 (but cf. supr.); Pt. מְכַבֶּה Is 1:31 + 3 times;—quench, extinguish, fig. except 2 Ch 29:7 (of extinguishing lamps, נֵרוֹת, in temple); sq. נֵר יִשְׂרָאֵל (fig. for life of David) 2 S 21:17; sq. גַּחַלְתִּי (coal = family-hope) 2 S 14:7 (of killing widow’s only son); sq. פִּשְׁתָּה כֵהָה Is 42:3 dimly-burning wick (fig. of spiritually weak); implied obj. ref. to wrath of י׳ Am 5:6 Je 4:4; 21:12; to people and idols Is 1:31; sq. love אַהֲבָה Ct 8:7 (subj. מַּיִם רַבִּים) Ez 32:7 cf. supr.

† כָּבוּל n.pr.loc.

1. city on border of Asher Jos 19:27, mod. Kâbûl, 4 h. (9 miles) SE. from Akko, Rob^{BR iii, 88} Guérin^{Gal. i. 422 f.}

2. אֶרֶץ כָּבוּל district in Galilee 1 K 9:13 containing 20 cities given by Sol. to Hiram (popular etymol. poss. כּ as + בֻּל = בַּל not, i.e. as good as nothing, cf. v 12, so Ew Th; Klo conject. ארץ גָּלִיל), Buhl^{Geogr. § 116}.

כבל (√ of foll. = bind; NH כָּבַל bind, כֶּבֶל fetter; Aramaic כְּבַל id., ܟܒܰܠ, ܟܶܒܠܴܐ; Arabic كَبَلَ bind, كَبْلٌ fetter).

† כֶּ֫בֶל n.[m.] fetter(s), late;—sg. coll. עִנּוּ בַכּ׳ רגליו ψ 105:18 they humbled his feet with fetters(‖ בַּרְזֶל); pl. cstr. אסר בְּכַבְלֵי בַרְזֶל 149:8 (‖ זִקִּים)

כבן (√ of foll., meaning dub.; NH כָּבַן, Aramaic כבן, ܟܒܶܢ = wrap round, wrap up).

† כַּבּוֹן n.pr.loc. in Judah Jos 15:40 poss. = foll., 𝔊 Χαβρα, 𝔊L Χαββω.

† מַכְבֵּנָה (van d. H. מַכְבֵּנָא) n.pr.loc. 1 Ch 2:49 (represented as having שְׁוָא for father; poss. = foregoing), 𝔊 Μαχαβηνα, 𝔊L Μαχβανα.

מַכְבַּנַּי n.pr.m. a hero of David 1 Ch 12:14.

[כָּבַס₅₁] vb. (tread), wash (NH id.; Ph. כבס as pt.; Assyrian kabâsu, tread, (down), subjugate, kilšu, step, path, Dl^HWB)—

Qal Pt. only מְסִלַּת שְׂדֵה כוֹבֵס highway of fuller’s (= treader’s, washer’s) field Is 7:3; 36:2 = 2 K 18:17.

Pi. Pf. וְכִּבֶּס consec. Lv 13:6 + 11 times; כִּבֵּס Gn 49:11 2 S 19:25, etc.; Impf. יְכַבֵּס Lv 11:25 + 16 times; 2 ms. sf. תְּכַבְּסֵנִי ψ 51:9, etc.; Imv. sf. כַּבְּסֵנִי 51:4; fs. כַּבְּסִי Je 4:14; Pt. pl. מְכַבְּסִים Mal 3:2;— 1. wash garments (i.e. by treading) Ex 19:10, 14 (E), 2 S 19:25; fig. of Judah Gn 49:11; elsewhere chiefly P: Lv 6:20; 11:25, 28; 13:6, 34; 15:11; Nu 8:9 +; ‖ רָחץ (which = wash person) Lv 14:8, 9; 15:5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 + (כ׳ in Lv 27 times, ‖ ר׳ 15 times; in Nu 8 times, ‖ ר׳ 3 times); Pt. = fuller (cf. Qal), only בֹּרִית מְכ׳ Mal 3:2. †2. wash person, only poet. and fig. אִם תְּכַבְּסִי בַּנֶּתֶר Je 2:22; כַּבְּסִי מֵרָעָה לִבֵּךְ 4:14; c. sf. ψ 51:4 (‖ טהר; + מֵעָוֹן); v 9 (‖ חִטֵּא).

†Pu. Pf. וְכֻבַּס consec. Lv 13:58; 15:17 be washed, of garment.

†Hothp. (Ges^{§ 54, 3}) Inf. אַחֲרֵי הֻכַּבֵּס אֶת־הַנֶּגַע Lv 13:55 after the plague is washed out, so v 56.

† I. [כָּבַר] vb. be much, many (Assyrian Kabâru, be great, mighty; kabru, great huge; Arabic كَبُرَ be great, in body, rank, or age, كَبِيرٌ great, noble, aged; Ethiopic ከብረ be honoured, magnified; ክብር honoured, glorious; Sab. epith. כבר Hal^{Et.Sab.JAs. Dec. 1874, No. 90}; Syriac ܟܒܰܪ, ܐܰܟܒܰܪ for Heb. רָבָה, הִרְבָּה, ܟܰܒܺܝܪ (rare) much; Zinj. be abundant, numerous)—

Hiph. (only Elihu) make many, Jb 35:16 בִּבְלִי דַעַת מִלִּין יַכְבִּר (cf. וְיֶרֶב אֲמָרָיו 34:37) >make great, Bu^{Beitr. 138}, comparing 8:2; מַכְבִּיר with the force of a subst. (Ew^{§ 160 c}) 36:31 לְמַכְבִּיר יתן אכל giveth food in abundance (= prose לָרֹב, e.g. 2 Ch 11:23).

† כַּבִּיר adj. great, mighty, much, only poet., and only Jb Is 1:—Is 10:13 Qr (but read as Kt כְּאַבִּיר), 17:22 and 28:2 מים כבירים (usually מַיִם רַבִּים), Jb 8:2 ורוח כביר אמרי פיך a mighty wind, 15:10 כביר מאביך ימים (Ges^{§131, R 5 a}) = aged: of God, 34:17 צַדִּיק כַּבִּיר the just mighty one, 36:5 a, v b כ׳ כֹּחַ לֵב mighty in strength of understanding; 34:24 כבירים mighty men; of quantity = much, Is 16:14 שְׁאָר מְעַט מִזְעָר לוֹא כַבִּיר, Jb 31:25 ובי כביר מצאה ידי had gotten much.

† [כִּבְרָה] n.f. appar. distance, only in the phr. כִּבְרַת (ה)ארץ a distance of land or length of way, Gn 35:16 וַיְהִי עוֹד כ׳ ה׳ לָבוֹא אֶפְרָתָה, 48:7 בְּעוֹד כ׳ א׳ לָבֹא אֶפְרָתָה, 2 K 5:19 וַיֵּלֶךְ מֵאִתּוֹ כ׳ אָ֑רֶץ. The distance meant is uncertain, but from 2 K 5:19 it would seem to have been a short one; v. further Di Gn 35, 16 and Thes (Assyrian kibrâti is a (widely extended) territory, quarter of the world, etc., Dl^{HWB 315}; according to Hoffm^{GGAbh.. xxxvi (1890), 23–25} perhaps the distance that one can see).

† I. כְּבָר adv. (late) already (freq. in Mish. and NH; 𝔗 כבר (rare) Syriac ܟܒܰܪ usually perhaps, occas. already (Mt 11:21 Heb 1:1); Mand. כבאר already, Nö^{M. p. 202}. Der. uncertain, connexion with √ כבר being dub.)—already, Ec 1:10 כְּבָר הָיָה it hath already been, 2:12, 16; 3:15^(×2); 4:2; 6:10; 9:6, 7.

† II. כְּבָר n.pr.fl. Kĕbār, a river (or perhaps a canal) of Babylonia, not at present identified, by wh. the exiles, among whom Ez. ministered, were settled; always in the phr. נְהַר כְּבָר Ez 1:1, 3; 3:15, 23; 10:15, 20, 22; 43:3 (cf. Sm Ez 1:1 Del^{Par. 47f., 184}).

II. כבר (√ of foll.;? to intertwine, net; NH כָּבַר sift is denom. from כְּבָרָה).

† [כָּבִיר] n.[m.] prob. something netted, i.e. either a quilt or (Ew^{H 3. 77} Ke) a fly-net (κωνωπεῖον) spread over the face while a person was asleep; 1 S 19:13, 16 כְּבִיר הָעִזִּים a quilt (or fly-net) of goats(’ hair). Vid. further Dr^{ad loc.}

† כְּבָרָה n.f. a sieve (a net-like implement), Am 9:9 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִנּוֹעַ בַּכְּבָרָה as it (corn) is shaken (i.e. sifted) in a sieve. Cf. Wetzst^{ZPV xiv. 1 ff.}

† מַכְבֵּר n.[m.] a netted cloth or coverlet; 2 K 8:15 of the cloth which Hazael dipped in water, and spread over Ben-hadad’s face to smother him.

מִכְבָּר n.m. grating or lattice-work, cstr. מִכְבַּר;—Ex 27:4 and thou shalt make for it (the alter of burnt-offering in the tab.) מִכְבָּר מַעֲשֵׂה רֶשֶׁת נְחשֶׁת a grating, (even) a network of bronze, which surrounded the lower half of the altar (v 5b): so 38:4; מִכְבַּר הַנְּחשֶׁת 35:16; 38:5, 30; 39:39.

כֶּ֫בֶשׂ₁₀₇ n.m. Ex 29:38 lamb (√ dub.: NH id., battering-ram; Assyrian kabšu, lamb according to COT ^Gloss.; Arabic كَبْشٌ is ram, leader; Syriac ܟܶܒܫܳܐ lamb, with anom. ܫ, is very rare, and prob. loan-word; Nö in Frä¹⁰⁹)—כ׳ abs. Ex 29:39 + 43 times; pl. כְּבָשִׂים v 38 + 61 times; sf. כְּבָשַׂי Jb 31:20;—

1. lamb, for sacrif.: Is 1:11; of daily offering Ex 29:38, 39^(×2), 40, 41 Nu 28:3, 4^(×2) + 12 times Nu 28; sin-offering Lv 4:32; purification 12:6; 14:10 + 5 times Lv 14; dedication of altar Nu 7:15 + 25 times Nu 7; offerings in 7th month 29:2 + 22 times Nu 29, etc. (87 times Ex Lv Nu all P); in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 46:4 + 6 times Ez 46; 1 Ch 29:21 2 Ch 29:21, 22, 32; 35:7 Ezr 8:35, cf. sim. Je 11:19.

2. lambs, as grazing; symb. of devastation Is 5:17 (cf. Gie^{Beitr. 1890}), sim. of Isr. Ho 4:16; in predict. וְגָר זְאֵב עִם־כ׳ Is 11:6.

3. lambs, as furnishing wool for clothing: Jb 31:20 גֵּז כ׳, Pr 27:26 כ׳ לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ.

† כִּבְשָׂה, כַּבְשָׂה n.f. ewe-lamb; כִּ׳ 2 S 12:3, 6; כַּ׳ Lv 14:10 Nu 6:14; cstr. כִּבְשַׂת 2 S 12:4; pl. כְּבָשׂת Gn 21:29, 30; cstr. כִּבְשׂת v 28;—ewe-lambs (7) set in witness Gn 21:28, 29, 30 (E); used in sacrif. Lv 14:10 (purif.), Nu 6:14 (Nazirite; both P, and both ‖ כֶּבֶשׂ); for food, in Nathan’s parable 2 S 12:3, 4, 6.

† כֶּ֫שֶׂב n.[m.] lamb (transp. from preceding)—כ׳ abs. Lv 3:7 + 5 times; pl. כְּשָׂבִים Gn 30:32 + 6 times;—lamb, as property Gn 30:32, 33, 35, 40 (J); for sacrif. Lv 1:10; 3:7; 4:35; 22:19 Nu 18:17, cf. Lv 22:27; for food Lv 7:23, cf. 17:3 (all P); Dt 14:4.

† כִּשְׂבָּה n.f. ewe-lamb Lv 5:6 (P).

† [כָּבַשׁ] vb. subdue, bring into bondage (NH id., press, oppress; Aramaic כְּבַשׁ, ܟܒܰܫ tread down, beat or make a path, subdue; Arabic كَبَسَ press, squeeze, knead (body or limb, as in the bath, massage), also attack, assault)—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. וְכָֽבְשׁוּ consec. Zc 9:15; Impf. יִכְבּוֹשׁ Mi 7:19; וַיִּכְבְּשׁוּם Je 34:11 Qr (Kt Hiph), etc.; Imv. pl. sf. כִּבְשֻׁהָ Gn 1:28; Inf. כְּבוֹשׁ 2 Ch 28:10 Est 7:8; Pt. כֹּבְשִׁים Ne 5:5;— 1. bring into bondage, sq. acc. + לַעֲבָדִים Je 34:11, 16 2 Ch 28:10 Ne 5:5. 2. (late) subdue, force, a woman Est 7:8 (= earlier עִנָּה). 3. subdue, dominate, the earth Gn 1:28 (P), Zc 9:15 (of conquest); tread down, sq. אַבְנֵי־קֶלַע; fig. subdue, sq. עֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ Mi 7:19.

Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִכְבְּשָׁה Jos 18:1 + 3 times; Pt. fpl. נִכְבָּשׁוֹת Ne 5:5;—pass. of Qal 1, subj. בְּנוֹתֵינוּ Ne 5:5; of Qal 3, subj. הָאָרֶץ (of conquest) Nu 32:22, 29 Jos 18:1 (all P), 1 Ch 22:18.

Pi. Pf. כִּבֵּשׁ subdued 2 S 8:11, obj. גּוֹיִם.

Hiph. Impf. bring into bondage sq. acc. + לַעֲבָדִים Je 34:11 Kt (Qr Qal).

† כֶּ֫בֶשׁ n.[m.] footstool (late) (NH id., step, stair; Aramaic כִּבְשָׁא, etc., a rude seat (rare))—כ׳ בַּזָּהָב 2 Ch 9:18 (of Solomon’s throne).

† כִּבְשָׁן n.m. kiln, for lime or pottery (so Ki, AW; Mishn^{Kel viii. 9}; √ and original meaning dub.; according to Thes as subduing, reducing its contents, cf. igne ferrum domatur Plin^{Nat. Hist. 36. 27})—always abs.; only in קִיטוֹר הַכּ׳ Gn 19:28 (J; sim. of smoke of כִּכָּר, Sodom and Gom.); עֶשֶׁן הַכּ׳ Ex 19:18 (E; sim. of smoke fo Sinai); פִּיחַ כ׳ ashes of kiln Ex 9:8, cf. v 10 (both P).

כדד (√ of foll.; Arabic كَدَّ is toil severely; كَدَّ fatigue, weary, harass, tread; كَدٌّ mortar in which things are pounded, bruised; كُدَادَةٌ what remains in bottom of cooking-pot).

† כַּד n.f. jar (NH id.; Aramaic כַּדָּא)—כַּד abs. 1 K 17:12 Ec 12:6; cstr. 1 K 17:14, 16; כַּדֵּךְ Gn 24:14, 17, 43 etc.; pl. כַּדִּים Ju 7:16^(×2) + 3 times;—water-jar, carried on woman’s shoulder Gn 24:14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 43, 45, 46 (all J), 1 K 18:34 Ec 12:6; empty (of water), containing lamps Ju 7:16, 19, 20; containing meal 1 K 17:12, 14, 16. (On extra-Palest. hist. of this word cf. Lag^{BN 104}.)

† [כִּידוֹד] n.m. spark (from above √, = strike out a spark, according to Thes RobGes, cf. Sta^{§ 216} (doubtfully), Lag^{BN 182} Kö^{ii. 147, § 71. 1}; NH כִּדּוֹד = rod (of iron, etc.); כִּדּוֹדִיּוֹת שֶׁל אֵשׁ i.e. red-hot rods; but Ba^{NB § 142, 139} der. this and כַּדְכֹּד from √ כיד = Arabic كيد, كَادَ emit fire (said of a fire-stick, زَنْدٌ, Lane^{2639 b, cf. 1257 b}), and so Buhl)—only pl. cstr. כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ Jb 41:11 of breath of crocodile (‖ לַפִּידִים).

† כַּדְכֹּד n.[m.] a precious stone, perhaps ruby (from sparkle?; Aramaic ‖ is כַּדְכְּדָנָא); כ׳ Ez 27:16 as article of commerce; כַּדְכֹד Is 54:12 fig. in promise to Zion.

כְּדֵי v. דַּי.

כדר (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic كَدَرَ vii. shoot or fish down (of hawk, star, etc.; also of an attacking force) so Thes Fl in De Job 15, 24 Buhl Di al.; v. also mod. Arabic كدّر annoy, vex, reprimand, Spiro^Vocab; كدر oftener be dark, gloomy, turbid, whence > כידור = seething tumult, of battle, cf. Kö^{ii, 147, § 71. 1}).

† כִּידוֹר n.[m.] onset, מֶלֶךְ עָתִיד לַכּ׳ Jb 15:24 a king ready for the onset.

† כַּדּוּר n.[m.] ball, according to Bö^{NÄ ii, 134} De Or al. Is 22:18, as in Talm; circle, cordon (Assyrian kudûru) according to Jastr^{PAOS Oct. 1888, xcvi}; v. also דּוּר p. 189 b.

† כְּדָרְלָעֹמֶר n.pr.m. king of Elam ( = Babylon. Kudar-Laga[mar] (Lagamaru = n.pr. div.), v. Pinches^{Vict. Inst. Jan. 20, 1896} Say^{PSBA, June 1896, 176} Scheil^{Rev. Bibl. 1896, 600 f.}, cf. Schr^COT)—Gn 14:1, 4, 5, 9, 17.

כֹּה demonstr. adv. thus, here (BA כָּה; 𝔗 𝔖^Jerus. Mand. כָּא here: in Syriac with prefixes ܠܟܳܐ hither, ܡܶܟܳܐ (𝔖^Jerus. ܡܶܢ ܟܳܐ) hence, ܐܰܝܟܳܐ where? cf. אֵיכָה, p. 32, and Kö^{ii. 1, 252})—

1. of manner, thus (so most freq., and usually pointing to what is to follow, while כֵּן points commonly to what has preceded), Gn 15:5 כה יהיה זרעך thus shall thy seed be, Nu 6:23 1 K 2:30 כֹּה דִבֶּר יוֹאָב וְכֹה עָנָנִי, 5:25 Is 24:13 (answered by כְּ, as Je 23:29); with a subst. Is 20:6 הִנֵּה כֹה מַבָּטֵנוּ, Je 9:21 (si vera l.), 23:29 1 S 27:11. Mostly confined to particular phrases: thus a. with diff. forms of אמר, כה תאמר thus shalt thou say Ex 3:14, 15; 19:3; 20:22 etc.; especially כה אמר י״י thus saith (or said) י׳ Ex 4:22; 5:1; 7:17, 26; 8:16 etc.; and continually in the prophets, as Is 7:7; 8:11; 18:4 etc.; Je 2:2, 5; 4:27; 6:16 etc.; also in the idiom. formula אִם כֹּה יֹאמַר if he say (or used to say) (the words spoken following) †Gn 31:8 1 S 14:9, 10; 20:7 2 S 15:26. b. with עשׂה to do thus, Ex 5:15 Dt 7:5; pointing back, Nu 22:30 Jos 6:14 1 S 27:11 al.; especially in the phrase כה יעשׂה אלהים וכה יוסיף (with variations), 1 S 3:17 + (v. יסף), in which כֹּה points to an imprecation understood but not expressed. With בְּ prefixed †1 K 22:20 ויאמר זה בְּכֹה וזה אמר בְּכֹה and one spake in this wise, and another spake in that wise (‖ 2 Ch 18:19 כָּכָה … כָּכָה; prob. rightly).

†2. of place, here (rare, chiefly in E), Gn 31:37 שִׂים כֹּה place it here before my brethren, Nu 23:15^(×2) 2 S 18:30 Ru 2:8. Repeated, Ex 2:12 וַיִּפֶן כֹּה וָכֹה and he turned this way and that way; כֹּה … כֹּה on this side … on that side Nu 11:31. With עַד Gn 22:5 and we will go עַד־כֹּה as far as here (δεικτικῶς) i.e. yonder.

†3. of time, עַד כֹּה hitherto, Ex 7:16 (cf. עַד־הֵנָּה), Jos 17:14; עַד־כֹּה וְעַד־כֹּה till now and till then, i.e. meanwhile, 1 K 18:45.

כָּ֫כָה₃₇ adv. thus (NH abbrev. to כָּךְ, with preps. בֵּין כָּךְ meanwhile, לְפִיכָךְ therefore; prob. either from כָה and כְּ, lit. as thus, Ol^{§ 223 h}; or from כָּה כָה Kö^{ii. 1, 253}), somewhat more emph. than כֹּה, usually prefixed to word which it qualifies:—Ex 12:11 וככה תאכלו אתו and thus shall ye eat it, 29:35 Nu 8:26; 11:15 ואם ככה את עשׂה לי, 15:11, 12, 13; Dt 25:9; 29:23 (cf. 1 K 9:8 Je 22:8); so often with עשׂה: 1 S 19:17 למה ככה רמיתני why hast thou thus deceived me? 2 S 17:21 1 K 1:6, 48; Je 13:9; 19:11; 28:11; 51:64; once with an adj. 2 S 13:4 מדוע אתה כָכָה דל why art thou thus lean? Ec 11:5 answering to כַּאֲשֶׁר; ψ 144:15 העם שֶׁכָּכָה לוֹ the people to which it is thus. Once 2 Ch 18:19 repeated, in this way … in that way (‖ 1 K 22:20 בְּכֹה … בְּכֹה). Comp. the syn. כָּזֹאת (v. p. 262). With a prep. once, in late Hebrew, Est 9:26 עַל־כֶּ֫כָה concerning such a matter. With the interrog. אי, אֵיכָכָה how? (p. 32).

† I. [כָּהָה] vb. be or grow dim, faint (NH id.; Aramaic כְּהָא; cf. Arabic كَهِىَ be أَكْهَى, i.e. weak, cowardly)—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. כָּֽהֲתָה Dt 34:7; Impf. יִכְהֶה Is 42:4; 3 fs. תִּכְהֶה Zc 11:17; וַתֵּ֫כַהּ Jb 17:7; וַתִּכְהֶיןָ Gn 27:1: Inf. abs. כָּהֹה Zc 11:17;—grow dim, of eye Gn 27:1 (J), Dt 34:7 Jb 17:7; of violent putting out of eye Zc 11:17^(×2); he shall not grow dim Is 42:4, of servant of י׳ under fig. of lamp or fire (v. Kay Che De), or grow faint (cf. Di).

Pi. Pf. 3 fs. וְכִהֲתָה consec. Ez 21:12 (subj. כָּל־רוּחַ; ‖ וְנָמֵס כָּל־לֵב) grow faint (Pi intrans., Ges^{§ 52 k}, Kö^{i. 187}; but read perhaps כָּֽהֲתָה).

† [כֵּהֶה] adj.dim, dull, faint; only f. כֵּהָה Lv 13:6 + 6 times; pl. כֵּהוֹת Lv 13:39 1 S 3:2;—dim, of eyes 1 S 3:2; of burning wick (פִּשְׁתָּה כ׳) Is 42:3; dull (in colour, of plague-spots) Lv 13:6, 21, 26, 28, 39, 56; fig. = faint רוּחַ כ׳ Is 61:3 (opp. מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה).

† כֵּהָה n.f. (dimming), lessening, alleviation;—אֵין כ׳ לְשִׁבְרְךָ of Nineveh Na 3:19 (read גֵּהָה, healing?).

† II. [כָּהָה] vb.

Pi. rebuke (Syriac ܟܳܐܐ, Mand. כהא (Nö^{M. 72}) id.), only 1 S 3:13 sq. בְּ, וְלֹא כִהָה בָּם.

כהן (√ of foll.; meaning dub., v. Dr 2 S 8:18; Arabic vb. كَهَنَ is divine, and كَاهِنٌ (Qor 52:29) is a seer, the organ (mostly) of a jinn, rarely of a god: the كَاهِنٌ and the כֹּהֵן must have been orig. identical (both alike being guardians of an oracle, at a sanctuary); but their functions diverged: the كَاهِنٌ gradually lost his connexion with the sanctuary, and sank to be a mere diviner; the כהן acquired fuller sacrif. functions: v. RS^{Enc. Brit. ed. 9, xix. 727}; We^{Skizzen iii. 130 ff., 167}; Now^{Arch. ii. 89 f.}; Ph. כהן is priest, כהנת priestess.)

כֹּהֵן₇₅₀ n.m. priest (NH כֹּהֵן; Aramaic כָּהֵין, כַּהֲנָא ܟܳܗܶܢ, ܟܳܗܢܳܐ; Ethiopic ካህን, all id.; on Ph. and Arabic v. supr.);—כ׳ Gn 14:18 + 439 times; pl. כֹּהֲנִים Ex 19:6 + 272 times; cstr. כֹּהֲנֵי 1 S 5:5 + 13 times; sf. כֹּהֲנַי La 1:19 + 22 times; sfs.—

†1. priest-king: e.g. Melchizedek Gn 14:18 (E?), cf. ψ 110:4 (the Messianic priest-King like Melchizedek); Zc 6:13 (Messianic priest and king); Israel מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים Ex 19:6 (E) a kingdom of priests (priests and kings at once in their relation to the nations); cf. Is 61:6 (of Israel ministering as a priest); or a chieftain (exercising priestly functions) כֹּהֵן מִדְיָן Ex 2:16; 3:1; 18:1 (all JE); so also probably the sons of David 2 S 8:18, his grandson 1 K 4:5; and Ira the Jairite 2 S 20:26, who as princes performed priestly functions. With these we may class the כהנים Ex 19:22, 24 (J).

†2. priests of other religions than י׳’s: Potiphera כ׳ אֹן Gn 41:45, 50 (E), 46:20 (P); Egyptian כהנים Gn 47:22^(×2), 26 (J); כ׳ דָגוֹן 1 S 5:5; Philistine כהנים וקסמים 1 S 6:2; כֹּהֲנָיו his priests: e.g. of Baal 2 K 10:19 = of Ahab 2 K 10:11; of Chemosh Je 48:7; of Malcam Je 49:3; Mattan was כ׳ הבעל 2 K 11:18 = 2 Ch 23:17; הכמרים עם הכהנים Zp 1:4; Josiah burned the bones of the priests of the Baalim and Asherim 2 Ch 34:5.

†3. priests of special orders in Israel: a. Micah in the hill-country of Ephraim consecrated his own son וַיְהִי־לוֹ לְכֹהֵן Ju 17:5; but so soon as he could secure Jonathan ben Gershom, a descendant of Moses (see VB Ju 18:30), he consecrated him, היה ל׳ לכהן Ju 17:10, 12, 13; 18:4, 19; הַכֹּהֵן v 6, 17, 18, 20, 24, 27. He was captured by the Danites, and he and his line became priests at Dan until the Exile, v 19^(×2), 30. b. Jeroboam עשׂה כהנים 1 K 12:31 of those not מבני לוי, as כ׳ (הַ)בָּמוֹת priests of (the) high places 1 K 12:32; 13:2, 33^(×2) = כ׳ לבמות 2 Ch 11:15; Amaziah (of this class) was כ׳ בית־אל Am 7:10; v. also 2 Ch 13:9; called by Chr כ׳ לְלֹא אלהים v 9; yet Hosea rebukes them as priests of י׳ Ho 4:4, 9; 5:1; 6:9; at the Exile they were deported by the Assyrians 2 K 17:27, 28. c. the people imported into Samaria made some of themselves כ׳ במות to worship י׳ the God of the land 2 K 17:32.

†4. priests in Israel הכהנים who bore the ark and the trumpets Jos 3:13, 14, 15, 17; 4:3, 9, 10, 17, 18^(×2); 6:4^(×2), 6^(×2), 8, 9, 12, 13, 16 (all JE), 1 K 8:3, 6, 10, 11; Eli was הכהן 1 S 1:9; 2:11; כ׳ יהוה 14:3; and his sons כ׳ ליהוה 1 S 1:3; a מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים 1 S 2:13 mentions the ministering priest הכהן and the נַעַר הַכּ׳ 1 S 2:13, 14, 15^(×2), Ahijah was הַכּ׳ in time of Saul 1 S 14:19^(×2); 36; Abimelech הַכּ׳ at Nob, a priestly centre, 1 S 21:2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10; 22:11; where were many כֹּהֲנֵי י׳ 1 S 22:17^(×2), 21, all slain by Saul except Abiathar son of Ahimelech 1 S 22:11, 18^(×2), 19, who became הַכּ׳ 1 S 23:9; 30:7 1 K 1:7, 19, 25, 42; 2:22, 26; Zadok later was הַכּ׳ 2 S 15:27 1 K 1:8, 26, 32, 34, 38, 39, 44, 45; 2:35; 3:2 1 Ch 16:39; 24:6: so that the two were (ה)כהנים 2 S 8:17 = 1 Ch 18:16 (read וְאֶבְיָתָר בֶּן־אח׳ 2 S 8:17 𝔖 We Dr, and correct 1 Ch 18:16 accordingly) 2 S 15:35^(×2); 17:15; 19:12; 20:25 1 K 4:4; Sol. removed Abiathar 1 K 2:27 and Zadok was anointed לְכֹהֵן according to 1 Ch 29:22; cf. prediction of rejection of house of Eli and selection of כ׳ נֶאֱמָן 1 S 2:28, 35; Jehoiada הַכּ׳ led the revolution against Athaliah 2 K 11:9^(×2), 10, 15^(×2), 18; 12:3, 8, 10 = 2 Ch 22:11; 23:8^(×2), 9, 14^(×2); 24:2, 20, 25, perhaps also Je 29:26; הנהנים sustaining him in his reforms 2 K 12:5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17; Uriah was הַכּ׳ in the reign of Ahaz 2 K 16:10, 11^(×2), 15, 16 Is 8:2; Hilkiah of Josiah 2 K 22:10, 12, 14; 23:24 2 Ch 34:14, 18. Other individual priests are named, e.g.: Pashhur of Jehoiachin Je 20:1; Zephaniah of Zedekiah Je 21:1; 29:25, 26, 29; 37:3; הַכּ׳ is Ezekiel’s title Ez 1:3. Priests are classed with officials of state: prophets and priests 2 K 23:2 Is 28:7 Je 5:31; 6:13; 8:10; 14:18; 23:11, 33, 34; 26:7, 8, 11, 16; 29:1; La 2:20; 4:13; priests and elders La 1:19; 4:16; king and priest La 2:6; kings, priests, and prophets Je 13:13; kings, princes, and priests Je 1:18; princes, eunuchs, and priests Je 34:19; priest, sage, and prophet Je 18:18; chiefs, priests, and prophets Mi 3:11; prophets, priests, and elders Ez 7:26; kings, princes, priests, and prophets Je 2:26; 4:9; 8:1; 32:32; princes, judges, prophets, and priests Zp 3:4; seeming to exclude any other officials. Apparently in the same generic sense הכהנים Je 1:1; 2:8; 27:16; 28:1, 5; 29:25; 31:14; כַּכֹּהֵן Is 24:2; כהנים Jb 12:19; כהניה La 1:4 Ez 22:26; כהניו ψ 78:64. Moses and Aaron among his priests ψ 99:6 includes Moses (against P). Zion’s priests clothed with righteousness and salvation ψ 132:9, 16 = 2 Ch 6:41, prob. here also.

†5. Levitical priests הַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם Dt 17:9, 18; 18:1; 24:8; 27:9; Jos 3:3; 8:33 (all D), Je 33:18 (inverted), v 21 (neither in 𝔊), 2 Ch 5:5 (= הַכּ׳ וְהַלּ׳ 1 K 8:4: Chronicler retains original Deuteronomic reading), Ez 43:19; 44:15 (cf. 6); הַכּ׳ בְנֵי לֵוִי Dt 21:5; 31:9; לקח לכ׳ לל׳ Is 66:21 take for priests, for Levites (of the nations in Messianic age). Doubtless of same class are: הַכֹּהֲנִים Dt 18:3; 19:17; Jos 3:6, 8; 4:11 (D); and הַכֹּהֵן, the priest officiating on a partic. occasion Dt 18:3; 20:2; or holding a partic. dignity 17:12; 26:3, 4. The כהנים of the other cities of Judah, כ׳ הבמות, who were not allowed to minister in Jerusalem 2 K 23:8^(×2), 9, 20, may be an attempt to enforce an exclusion from the priesthood of all but Levitical priests.

†6. Zadokite priests: Ezekiel distinguishes among הכהנים הלוים those of the seed of Zadok, בְּנֵי צָדוֹק; all but the latter excluded by him from priesthood 40:46; 43:19; 44:15; 48:11; the priests of his code being all Zadokites 40:45, 46; 42:13, 14; 43:24, 27; 44:21, 22, 30^(×2), 31; 45:4, 19; 46:2, 19, 20; 48:10, 13.

7. Aaronic priests. In H. it is taken for granted that a priest is of the seed of Aaron; the pl. is never used; כֹּהֵן is used for any priest Lv 21:9; 22:10, 11, 12, 13; הַכֹּהֵן for Aaron Lv 21:21, and for the official priest (acting for the priesthood, almost collective) Lv 17:5, 6; 22:14; 23:10, 11, 20^(×2); 27:8^(×3), 11, 12^(×2), 14^(×2), 18, 21, 23. The priests of P are בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן Lv 1:5, 8, 11; 2:2; 3:2; 21:1 Nu 3:3; 10:8 Jos 21:19; so in Chronicles 2 Ch 13:9, 10; 26:18; 29:21; 31:19; 35:14^(×2); הַכֹּהֵן is used of Aaron 22 times, Eleazar 29 times, Phinehas Jos 22:30 and elsewhere; 180 times of ministering priests, or generic of the priests; הכהנים Lv 6:22; 7:6; 13:2; 16:33 Jos 4:16; כהן Lv 6:16. Chronicles distinguishes הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם 1 Ch 13:2; 15:11, 14; 23:2; 24:6, 31; 28:13, 21 2 Ch 8:15; 11:13; 13:9, 10; 23:4; 24:5; 29:4; 30:15, 25; 31:2^(×2), 4, 9; 34:30; 35:8, 18 (the variants without וְ 2 Ch 23:18; 30:27 are due to copyists’ errors). Ezr 1:5; 2:70; 3:8, 12; 6:20; 7:7; 8:29, 30; 9:1 Ne 7:72; 8:13; 11:3; 12:1, 30, 44^(×2); 13:30; הלוים והכהנים 2 Ch 19:8; 30:21; priests, Levites, and others 1 Ch 9:2 Ezr 10:5 Ne 10:1, 29, 35; 11:20; בְּנֵי לֵוִי antith. to הַכּ׳ Ezr 8:15; הכהן בן אהרן עם הלוים Ne 10:39; (ה)כהנים in Chr 67 times has the same reference, as also כֹּהֲנֵינוּ Ezr 9:7 Ne 9:32, 34; כֹּהֵן Ezr 2:63 = Ne 7:65; כ׳ ליהוה 2 Ch 26:17; כהניו His (God’s) priests 2 Ch 13:12; כ׳ מוֹרֶה teaching priest 2 Ch 15:3; הַכֹּהֵן is used of Jehoiada in time of David 1 Ch 27:5, and Azariah in the reign of Uzziah 2 Ch 26:17. In the literature of the restoration הַכֹּהֵן is used of Ezra, Ezr 7:11; 10:10, 16 Ne 8:2, 9; 12:26; Uriah Ezr 8:33; Eliashib Ne 13:4; Shelemiah Ne 13:13; הכהנים Jo 1:9, 13; 2:17 Hg 2:11, 12, 13 Zc 7:5 Mal 1:6; 2:1; priests and prophets Zc 7:3; כהן Mal 2:7.

8. the high priest: הַכֹּהֵן is frequently used (see 4) to designate the priest who was at the head of priestly affairs. The adj. הַגָּדוֹל first appears of Jehoiada 2 K 12:11, then of Hilkiah 2 K 22:4, 8; 23:4; 2 Ch 34:9; after the exile, of Joshua Hg 1:1, 12, 14; 2:2, 4 Zc 3:1, 8; 6:11, and Eliashib Ne 3:1, 20; 13:28. But P uses it of Aaron and his eldest descendants who are anointed with holy oil Lv 21:10 (H; הכ׳ הַגָּדוֹל מֶאֶהָיו), Nu 35:25, 28^(×2) Jos 20:6, and so הַכּ׳ הַמָּשִׁיהַ Lv 4:3, 5, 16; 6:15, cf. 16:32. כ׳ הָרֹאשׁ is used of Seraiah 2 K 25:18 = Je 52:24; and, in Chronicler, of Amariah 2 Ch 19:11, Jehoiada 2 Ch 24:11, Azariah, 2 Ch 26:20; 31:10; of Aaron Ezr 7:5. (We also supposes הרואה in 2 S 15:27 to be a corruption of הראשׁ, which he regards as postexilic insertion. The text is corrupt [see Dr^{Sm. l.c.}]; but this correction is improbable. Lists of high priests occur 1 Ch 5:30–41; 6:35–38.) A priest of second rank (כֹּהֵן (ה)מִשְׁנֶה) appears in 2 K 23:4 (cstr. pl. incorrect), 25:18 = Je 52:24; זִקְנֵי הַכּ׳ 2 K 19:2 = Is 37:2, Je 19:1; שָׂרֵי הַכּ׳ 2 Ch 36:14 Ezr 8:24, 29; 10:5; רָאשֵׁי הַכּ׳ Ne 12:7.

† [כָּהַן] vb. only Pi.denom. act as priest;—Pf. כִּהֵן Ex 40:13 1 Ch 5:36; 3 mpl. כִּהֲנוּ Ex 28:41; 40:15; Impf. 3 ms. יְכַהֵן Nu 3:4 + 2 times; pl. יְכַהֲנוּ 1 Ch 24:2; Inf. cstr. כַּהֵן Ex 29:1 + 11 times; sf. כַּהֲנוֹ Ex 28:1, 3, 4.—

1. minister as a priest, abs. Ex 31:10; 35:19; 39:41 Lv 16:32 Nu 3:3, 4 (all P); כ׳ לִי minister to me (י׳) Ex 28:1, 3, 4, 41; 29:1, 44; 30:30; 40:13, 15 (all P), Ez 44:13 Ho 4:6; כ׳ ליהוה Lv 7:35 (P), 1 Ch 5:36; 24:2 2 Ch 11:14 (always of Aaron and his sons, except Ez 44:13 2 Ch 11:14, where Levites are forbidden to minister; and Ho 4:6 of Israel, whose national priesthood is taken away).

2. be or become priest Dt 10:6 (E?).

3. play the priest: כֶּחָתָן יְכַהֵן פְּאֵר Is 61:10 as a bridegroom (that) priests it with his turban, decks himself with a splendid turban such as the priests wore.

† כְּהֻנָּה n.f. priesthood;—abs. כ׳ Ex 29:9 + 5 times; cstr. כְּהֻנַּת Nu 25:13 + 2 times; sf. כְּהֻנַּתְכֶם Nu 18:1, 7^(×2); כְּהֻנָּתָם Nu 3:10; pl. כְּהֻנּוֹת 1 S 2:36.—כהנת יהוה priesthood of י׳, the portion of the Levites Jos 18:7 (D); pl. priest’s offices 1 S 2:36; elsewhere Ex 29:9; 40:15 Nu 3:10; 16:10; 18:1, 7^(×2); 25:13 (all P), Ezr 2:62 = Ne 7:64, Ne 13:29^(×2).

† כּוּב n.pr.gent. Ez 30:5, read לוּב 𝔊 Sta^Pop.Jav.6 Co, cf. Sm.

† כּוֹבַע n.m. helmet (√ dub.; NH כּוֹבַע, Aramaic כּוֹבְעָא turban; cf. קוֹבַע Ez 23:24)—abs. כ׳ Ez 27:10; כּוֹבָ֑ע 38:5; cstr. כּ֫וֹבַע (Ew^{§ 213 f.}) 1 S 17:5 Is 59:17; pl. כּוֹבָעִים Je 46:4 2 Ch 26:14;—helmet, of bronze כ׳ נְחשֶׁת עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ 1 S 17:5; Je 46:4 Ez 27:10; 38:5 2 Ch 26:14; fig. of י׳, וַיִּלְבַּשׁ צְדָקָה כַּשִּׁרְיָן וְכ׳ יְשׁוּעָה בְּרֹאשׁוֹ Is 59:17.

† [כָּוָה] vb. burn, scorch, brand (NH id.; Aramaic ܟܘܳܐ especially Pa.; Arabic كَوَى cauterize)—

Niph. Impf. 2 ms. תִּכָּוֶה Is 43:2 thou shalt not be scorched (fig. of Isr., ‖ בָּעַר); 3 fpl. וְרַגְלָיו לֹא תִּכָּוֶי֑נָה Pr 6:28 shall a man walk on the coals and his feet not be burned? (‖ שָׂרַף of garments v 27).

† II. כִּי n.[m.] burning, branding (for form, cf. רִי from רָוָה, אִי, צִי, עִי: Kö^{ii. 1. 64})—only כִּי תַּחַת יֹ֑פִי Is 3:24 branding instead of beauty, in judgment on women of Jerusalem.

† כְּוִיָּה n.f. id.; כ׳ תַּחַת כ׳ Ex 21:25.

† מִכְוָה n.f. burnt-spot, scar of a burn; מִכְוַת־אֵשׁ Lv 13:24; מִכְוָה v 24, 25, 28^(×2) (all P).

כּוֹכָב v. sub כבב.

† [כּוּל] vb. comprehend, contain (NH, Aramaic id., measure, measure out, of dry or liquid measure; Syriac Aph. ܐܰܟܻܝܠ id.; Arabic كَالَ measure grain)—

Qal Pf. only Is 40:12 מִי … כָּל בְּשָׁלִשׁ עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ who hath comprehended the dust of the earth in a shalish-measure?

Pilp. Pf. כִּלְכֵּל 2 S 19:33; sf. כִּלְכְּלָם 1 K 18:4; 2 ms. sf. כִּלְבַּלְתָּם Ne 9:21, etc.; Impf. יְכַלְכֵּל Zc 11:16 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. כַּלְכֵּל Je 20:9 +, etc.; Pt. מְכַלְכֵּל Mal 3:2;—sustain, maintain, contain: 1. sustain, support, nourish, sq. acc. pers. Gn 45:11; 50:21 (both E), 2 S 19:33, 34; 20:3 1 K 4:7a (v b abs.), 5:7; 17:4, 9 Ne 9:21 Ru 4:15 ψ 55:23 Zc 11:16 (of sheep); sq. acc. pers. + rei (food) Gn 47:12 (J), 1 K 18:4, 13. 2. contain, sq. acc. pers. 1 K 8:27 2 Ch 2:5; 6:18 (heavens cannot contain י׳); hold in, restrain Yahweh’s word within one, Je 20:9. 3. support, endure, sickness רוּחַ אִישׁ יְכַל׳ מַחֲלֵ֑הוּ Pr 18:14 Mal 3:2 (obj. אֶת־יוֹם בּוֹאוֹ); of sustaining a cause, in court, יְכַל׳ דְּבָרָיו בְּמִשְׁפָּט ψ 112:5.

Polp. Pf. 3 pl. כָּלְכְּלוּ were supplied with food 1 K 20:27 (Klo proposes בַּגִּלְבֹּעַ)

Hiph. Impf. יָכִיל 1 K 7:26 + 2 times etc.; Inf. cstr. הָכִיל Je 6:11 + 5 times;—contain, hold, hold in, endure; 1. contain, sq. acc. (of liquid) 1 K 7:26, 38 2 Ch 4:5; in fig. Je 2:13, abs. Ez 23:32; (of burnt-offering) 1 K 8:64 2 Ch 7:7; hold in (wrath of י׳, obj. not expr.), Je 6:11 (opp. שָׁפַךְ); on Ez 21:33 v. אָכַל. 2. sustain, endure, sq. acc. Am 7:10 Je 10:10 Jo 2:11.

† כַּלְכֹּל n.pr.m. one of the wise men whom Solomon surpassed 1 K 5:11 1 Ch 2:6 (on format. v. Ba^{NB 206}).

כום (√ of foll.; Arabic كَامَ ii. is heap up, accumulate; كُومَةٌ heap; كُومٌ herd of camels, hence perhaps כִּימָה as a group, herd, or flock of stars, but uncertain (v. כִּימָה)).

† כִּימָה n.f. perhaps Pleiades (v. supr. NH id.; 𝔗 כִּימָא, 𝔖 ܟܻܝܡܳܐ )—as made by י׳, Am 5:8 (‖ כְּסִיל), Jb 9:9 (‖ עָשׁ, כְּסִיל, חַדְרֵי תֵמָן); and under his control, מַעֲדַנּוֹת כ׳ Jb 38:31 (‖ משְׁכוֹת כְּסִיל).—(Stern^{Jüd. Zeitschr. f. Wissen. u. Leben. iii. (1864–65) 258 ff.} Nö in Schenkel^BL Hoffm^{ZAW iii. 107 ff.} interpret עשׁ as Pleiades, and כימה as Sirius).

† I. [כּוּן₂₁₈] vb. prob. be firm, only in der. conj. (NH Aramaic כּוּן, in der. conj., כִּיוֵּן arrange, direct; ܟܰܘܶܢ put right, correct; Assyrian kânu, be firm, right Dl^{HWB 321}; Arabic كَانَ (med. و) exist, occur, be; so Ethiopic ኮነ Sab. כון DHM ^{ZMG 1875, 599}, Ph. כון be (often));—

Niph. Pf. (on 3 ms. v. Pt. infr.), 2 fs. נָכ֫וֹנָה 1 K 2:46; 3 pl. נָכ֫וֹנוּ Pr 19:29; נָכֹ֫נוּ Ez 16:7; Impf. יִכּוֹן Pr 12:3 +; 3 fs. תִּכּוֹן Je 30:20 +; וַתִּכֹּן 1 K 2:12 2 Ch 8:16, etc.; Imv. חִכּוֹן Am 4:12; הִכֹּן Ez 38:7; pl. הכונוּ 2 Ch 35:4 Kt (Qr הָכִינוּ Hiph.); Pt. נָכוֹן Gn 41:32 + (in ψ 93:2 and perhaps elsewhere the Pf. would be poss.); cstr. נְכוֹן Pr 4:18; f. נְכוֹנָה ψ 5:10 + 2 times; pl. נְכֹנִים Ex 19:11 + 2 times; pass. or neut., and (less often) reflex.:— 1. be set up, established, fixed: a. lit., of house upon (עַל) pillars Ju 16:26, 29, so, in metaph., of temple-mt. Is 2:2 = Mi 4:1, עֲדָתוֹ Je 30:20; be firm, of breasts at puberty Ez 16:7; firmly established, of תֵּבֵל ψ 93:1 = 96:10 = 1 Ch 16:30; firm, i.e. a strong support, of י׳’s hand יָדִי תִּכּוֹן עִמּוֹ ψ 89:22 (‖ זְרוֹעִי תְאַמְּצֶנּוּ). b. fig., of throne 2 S 7:16 = 1 Ch 17:14, 1 K 2:45 ψ 89:38; 93:2 Pr 16:12; 25:5; 29:14; of king, royal family, kingdom 1 S 20:31 1 K 2:12, 46 2 S 7:26 = 1 Ch 17:24. c. of any persons, be established, stable, secure, enduring Jb 21:8 (c. לִפְנֵי) Pr 12:3, also v 19 (subj. שְׂפַת אֱמֶת), ψ 101:7 (c. לְנֶגֶד עֵינָ֑י), 102:29 (c. לְפָנֶיךָ), 140:12 (c. בָּאָרֶץ); of plans Pr 16:3; 20:18; נְכוֹן הַיּוֹם 4:18 the established, stable, (part) of the day, i.e. mid-day, when the sun seems motionless in mid-heaven.—2 S 6:6 v. נָכוֹן n.pr. infr. d. fixed, securely determined נ׳ הַדָּבָר מֵעִם הָאֱלֹהִים (‖ אֱמֶת) Gn 41:32 (E); so כְּשַׁחַר נָכוֹן מֹצָאוֹ Ho 6:3 MT, but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ Gie ^{Beiträge 208} We^{ad loc.}; substantiated, certain, of an allegation Dt 13:15 = 17:4; אֶל־נָכוֹן according to (what is) certain, = certainly, assuredly 1 S 23:23; 26:4 (v. Dr). 2. in moral sense, be directed aright, of ways Pr 4:26 ψ 119:5 (cf. Hiph. 3); be fixed aright, stedfast נָכוֹן לִבִּי ψ 57:8^(×2); 108:2, so 112:7; לִבָּם לֹא נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ 78:37; רוּחַ נָכוֹן 51:12 (‖ לֵב טָהוֹר); לא נָכוֹן לעשׂות כן Ex 8:22 (J) is is not right, proper, etc.; pt. f. נְכוֹנָה as subst. = what is right, the right Jb 42:7, 8; = uprightness ψ 5:10. 3. prepare, be ready, pers. Am 4:12 (c. ל inf.); words Pr 22:18; הִכֹּן וְהָכֵן לְךָ Ez 38:7; 2 Ch 35:4 Kt (Qr Hiph.); pt. as adj. = prepared, ready, often c. הָיָה, of persons Ex 19:11, 15; 34:2 Jos 8:4 (all JE); of things, sq. ל pers. Jb 12:5 Ne 8:10, ל loc. Jb 18:12, ל nom. act. ψ 38:18; ב loc. Jb 15:23; 4. pass. be prepared, of judgments Pr 19:29 (ל pers.); of work be arranged, settled 2 Ch 8:16; fig. of prayer ψ 141:2 be arranged, set in order, as incense before thee (> present itself as incense); be arranged, ordered, of temple service 2 Ch 29:35; 35:10, 16.

Hiph. Pf. הֵכִין Jos 4:4 +; sf. הֱכִינַנִי 1 K 2:24; הֱכִינוֹ 2 S 5:12 1 Ch 14:2; הֱכִינָהּ Jb 28:27; 2 ms. הֲכִינוֹתָ Jb 11:13 +; 3 pl. הֵכִינוּ 1 Ch 12:39 +; וְהֵכִינוּ consec. Ex 16:5; 1 pl. הֲכִינוֹנוּ 1 Ch 29:16; הֵכַנּוּ (Ges^{§ 72, R. 6}) 2 Ch 29:19, etc. Impf. יָכִין Ju 12:6 +; וַיָּ֫כֶן 1 Ch 15:1 + 3 times etc.; Imv. הָכֵן Gn 43:16 +; pl. הָכִינוּ Jos 1:11 +; Inf. abs. הָכֵן Jos 3:17, so הָכִין 4:3 (read הָכֵרו, v. Di), Je 10:23 (v. Gie), Ez 7:14 (v. Sm Co and infr.; see on all Kön^{i. 468}); cstr. הָכִין Is 9:6 +; sf. הֲכִינוֹ Na 2:4 Pr 8:27; הֲכִינָתּ Je 33:2; Pt. מֵכִין Je 10:12 + 4 times;—(favourite word in Ch., in various applications) 1. establish, set up: a. king (or, one as king) 2 S 5:12 1 K 2:24 1 Ch 14:2, royal seed ψ 89:5, kingdom 1 S 13:13 2 S 7:12 = 1 Ch 17:11, 1 Ch 28:7 2 Ch 12:1; 17:5, throne ψ 103:19 1 Ch 22:10; the world תֵּבֵל Je 10:12 = 51:15; mts. ψ 65:7; heavens Pr 8:27; an altar upon (עַל) its base Ezr 3:3. b. God’s faithfulness ψ 89:3; heart of humble 10:17. c. = accomplish, do Je 33:2 (‖ עשׂה), = make Is 40:20 Jb 28:27. d. make firm, only inf. abs., as adv. = firmly הָכֵן Jos 3:17; הָכִין 4:3 (v. supr.) 2. a. fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift Gn 43:25 (J), place Ex 23:20 (JE), 2 Ch 3:1; c. לְ rei 1 Ch 15:1, 3, also (obj. om.) v 12 (vid. Be, and Da^{Synt. § 144}), 2 Ch 1:4 (בַּהֵכִין), v. Ges^{§ 138 i}); often prepare food, acc. + לְ pers. Jos 1:11 (D), ψ 78:20; לְ om. Pr 6:8; 30:25; obj. om. 1 Ch 12:39 2 Ch 35:14^(×2), 15; both om. Gn 43:16 (J), 1 Ch 9:32; prepare a road Dt 19:3, a sacrifice Zp 1:7, ambuscades Je 51:12, one’s work Pr 24:27, materials for (לְ) temple 1 Ch 22:3, 14, also v 14b (no לְ), 29:2, 3; weapons (c. לְ pers.) 2 Ch 26:14 and (hostile purpose) ψ 7:14, cf. 57:7, Is 14:21 prepare slaughter-place for (לְ) his children; store-rooms 2 Ch 31:11a, also v 11b (obj. om.); gallows (c. לְ pers.) Est 6:4; 7:10; corn (produce of land) ψ 65:10; land v 10, so (= restore) 68:11; persons (ל) 2 Ch 35:6; fig. of belly preparing deceit Jb 15:35; make preparation (for, לְ rei) 1 Ch 22:5, and v 5 (לְ om.); sq. לִבְנוֹת 1 Ch 28:2, c. acc. material + לִבְנוֹת 1 K 5:32 1 Ch 29:16; without לְ, make ready 1 S 23:22 Na 2:4; Ez 7:14 (read הָכִינוּ הָכֵן Co, for ה׳ הַכֹּל MT) = make full preparation! make thee ready! Je 46:14 (לְ dat. ethiopic), Ez 38:7 (id.), 2 Ch 35:4. b. provide for, provide, furnish Nu 23:1, 29; 29:7 Jos 4:4 (all JE), Jb 27:16, 17, food for (לְ) raven Jb 38:41, rain for (לְ) earth ψ 147:8; 1 Ch 29:19 2 Ch 2:6 ψ 74:16. 3. direct one’s face towards (אֶל־) Ez 4:3, 7; in moral and spiritual sense, direct one’s step (צַעֲדוֹ) = order aright, Je 10:23 (v. supr.), Pr 16:9, so (פְּעָמַי) ψ 119:133; הֵכִין דְּרָכָיו לִפְנֵי י׳ אֱלֹהָיו 2 Ch 27:6, also (sq. דרכיו only) Pr 21:29 Kt (Qr יָבִין); עַל הַהֵכִין הָאֱלֹהִים לָעָם 2 Ch 29:36 that which God had ordered aright for the people (on art. = pron. rel. v. Ges^{§ 138, 3, b}); sq. לֵב Jb 11:13 ψ 78:8; + לְ, לֹא הֵכִין לִבּוֹ לִדְרוֹשׁ אֶת־י׳ 2 Ch 12:14, so 19:3; 30:19; + לִדְרוֹשׁ אֶת־תּוֹרַת י׳ Ezr 7:10; הכין לבב אֶל־י׳ 1 S 7:3 direct the heart towards י׳, 1 Ch 29:18 (י׳ subj.), so (c. לֵאלֹהִים) 2 Ch 20:33; hence (no obj. expr.) = give attention, sq. inf. Ju 12:6. 4. arrange, order 2 Ch 29:19 (of sacred vessels; + הִקְדַּשְׁנוּ), 35:20 (of temple).

Hoph. Pf. הוּכַן Is 30:33, וְהוּכַן consec. Is 16:5 Zc 5:11; וְהֻכַן Na 2:6; Pt. מוּכָן Pr 21:31, pl. מוּכָנִים Ez 40:43;— 1. be established, of throne Is 16:5; be fastened, of hooks Ez 40:43. 2. be prepared for (לְ pers.) Is 30:33 and (לְ temp.) Pr 21:31; abs. Na 2:6; be ready Zc 5:11.

Poʿlēl. Pf. 3 ms. כּוֹנֵן ψ 9:8 + 3 times, וְכוֹנֵן consec. Hb 2:12; sf. כּוֹנְנָהּ Is 45:18; 2 ms. כּוֹנֲנְתָּ ψ 99:4; 119:90, כּוֹנָ֑נְתָּה ψ 8:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְכוֹנֵן Is 62:7; sf. וַיְכֹנְנֶ֑ךָ Dt 32:6, יְכוֹנְנֶהָ ψ 24:2 +, sf. 1 pl. וַיְכֻנֶנּוּ Jb 31:15 (וַיְכוּנֶּנוּ van d. H.); 2 ms. תְּכוֹנֵן ψ 7:10; 21:13, etc.; Imv. כּוֹנֵן Jb 8:8 (but on text v. infra), כּוֹנְנָה ψ 90:17, sf. כּוֹנְנֵהוּ ψ 90:17;—orig. make firm;— 1. set up, establish: a. of men, found, a city Hb 2:12 (‖ בנה), ψ 107:36. b. of God, establish, king’s throne 2 S 7:13 = 1 Ch 17:12, his own throne ψ 9:8 (לְמִשְׁפָּט), sanctuary Ex 15:17 (song), a nation Dt 32:6 (poem; ‖ קנה, עשׂה), a city ψ 48:9; 87:5 Is 62:7, תֵּבֵל ψ 24:2 (c. עַל, ‖ יָסַד), אֶרֶץ 119:90, cf. Is 45:18, also ψ 68:10 (obj. om., read perhaps אֶרֶץ צִיָּה Bi Che), heavens Pr 3:19 (‖ יָסַד־אָ֑רֶץ), moon and stars ψ 8:4; fig., steps of men 40:3, work of men’s hands 90:17^(×2), justice 99:4; establish, i.e. vindicate and make secure to righteous (צַדִּיק) 7:10. 2. constitute, make, a man (in womb) Jb 31:15 (‖ עשׂה), cf. ψ 119:73 (‖ id.); c. acc. + לְ rei + לְ pers. reflex. 2 S 7:24 thou hast made for thyself (לְךָ), thy people (אֶת־עַמְּךָ) Israel for thyself (לְךָ) into a people (לְעָם) for ever. 3. fix, so as to be ready, arrow upon (עַל) string ψ 11:2 so (חֵץ om.) ψ 21:13 (c. עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם), and poss. (חֵץ om.) Is 51:13 (Di Che al.; but dub., cf. Du; verse corrupt according to Che^{Intr. Is. 427}), a bow ψ 7:13. 4. direct (sc. לֵב), sq. לְחֵקֶר Jb 8:8, i.e. give attention to (but no ‖ in Poʿl.; read perhaps בּוֹנֵן, cf. Dt 32:10 v. Ol Di). Poʿlal. Pf. be established: מי׳ מִצְעֲדֵי־גֶבֶר כּוֹנָ֑נוּ ψ 37:23 from י׳ are a man’s steps established; = be prepared כּוֹנָנ֑וּ Ez 28:13 but del. Co Da after A B 𝔖 al. Hithpoʿl. Impf.; be established, of house, 3 ms. יִתְכּוֹנָ֑ן Pr 24:3 (‖ יִבָּנֶה), of nation, 2 fs. תִּכּוֹנָ֑נִי (Ges^{§ 54. 2. b}) Is 54:14; 3 fs. תִּכּוֹנֵן = be restored, of city Nu 21:27 (JE; ‖ תִּבָּנֶה); set oneself, take one’s stand 3 mpl. יִכּוֹנָ֑נוּ ψ 59:5.

† II. כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest (proposes firm, upright; Syriac ܟܻܐܢ recte PS¹⁶⁶²)—abs. כֵּן Ex 10:29 + (on poss. cstr. v. 2 ad fin.); pl. כֵּנִים Gn 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34;—

1. right, usually indecl., often as subst. a right thing, especially c. vbb. dicendi Ex 10:29 (J) כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ, Nu 27:7 כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת, 36:5 (both P); כֵּן יַאֲרִיךְ Pr 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice) shall last long (v. De Now VB); = adv. aright, of pronunciation Ju 12:6; also c. vb. agendi Ec 8:10 (on Is 33:23 v. iii. כֵּן sub כנן); right well ψ 65:10; (Che; al. = so); c. לֹא, as adj., not right דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־כֵן 2 K 17:9 things which were not right (vb. agendi); of heart of a fool Pr 15:7; Je 23:10; as subst. = what is not right, upright Je 8:6; c. vb. agendi לֹא־כֵן 2 K 7:9 that which is not right we are doing, Je 48:30b.

2. veritable, true, כֵּן־צְדָקָה Pr 11:19 the veritable of righteousness = true righteousness; Is 16:6 = Je 48:30a may be either their boastings are not true or (Thes Che Di Du Gr Gie al.) the untruth of their boastings (לֹא־כֵן as cpd. cstr.); abs., in assent to something already said, Right! Correct! True! Jos 2:4.

3. pl. concr. honest (men) Gn 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34 (all E).—i. כֵּן thus, so, v. p. 485 infr.; iii. כֵּן place, base, v. sub i. כנן; iv. כֵּן, כִּנִּם, כִּנָּם, v. sub כנן.

† II. כּוּן n.pr.loc. city of Hadarezer (מִטִּבְחַת) וּמִכּוּן עָרֵי ה׳ 1 Ch 18:8, 𝔊 ἐκ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν πολέ(μ)ων (= בֵּרֹתַי 2 S 8:8); = mod. Kuna, near Bereitan (betw. Laodicea and Heliopolis), according to Furrer^{ZPV viii, 34}, v. בֵּרוֹתָה p. 92 supr., and Thes.

† כּוֹנַנְיָ֫הוּ Kt, כֳּנַנְיָ֫הוּ Qr, n.pr.m. Levites.

1. 2 Ch 31:12, 13 (v. Baer’s note).

2. 2 Ch 35:9.—𝔊 Χωμενιας, Χωνενιας, A Χωχενιας.

† יָכִין n.pr.m. (he will establish);—

1. a Simeonite Gn 46:10 = Ex 6:15, Nu 26:12, 𝔊 Ιαχελμ(ν).

2. name of right-hand pillar before temple 1 K 7:21 = 2 Ch 3:17, 𝔊 Ιαχουμ (opp. בֹּעַז, q.v. p. 126 f. supr.; v. also RS^{Sem, i, 191 (208)}).

† יָכִינִי adj.gent. of יָכִין 1, with art. as n. coll. הַיּ׳ Nu 26:12.

† יְכוֹנְיָה n.pr.m. (may Y. be enduring);—Je 27:20 = יְכָנְ֫יָהוּ 24:1 = יְכָנְיָה 28:4; 29:2 1 Ch 3:16, 17 Est 2:6 = כָּנְיָ֫הוּ Je 22:24, 28; 37:1 (𝔊 Ιεχονιας throughout), all of last king but one of Judah, v. יְהוֹיָכִין p. 220 supr.

† מָכוֹן n.m. Dn 8, 11 fixed or established place, foundation (chiefly poet.);—abs. מ׳ Ex 15:17 + 2 times; cstr. מְכוֹן 1 K 8:39 + 10 times; sf. מְכוֹנִי Is 18:4, מְכוֹנוֹ Ezr 2:68; pl. sf. מְכוֹנֶיהָ ψ 104:5;—

1. fixed place of י׳’s abode on earth Ex 15:17 (song), 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2 (poet. fragm.: v. 𝔊 and Dr^{Intr. 182}); = place, or site of God’s house Ezr 2:68; כָּל־מְכוֹן הַר־צִיּוֹן Is 4:5, appar. = all the extent of Mt. Zion; redund. (si vera l.) וְהֻשְׁלַךְ מְכוֹן מִקְדָּשׁוֹ Dn 8:11 and the place of his sanctuary shall be thrown down (on difficulties of v., see Bev); of heavens מְכוֹן שִׁבְתְּךָ 1 K 8:39, 43, 49 = 2 Ch 6:30, 33, 39, cf. ψ 33:14; מְכוֹנִי alone Is 18:4; fig. צֶדֶק וּמִשְׁפָּט מְכוֹן כִּסְאֶ֑ךָ ψ 89:15, so 97:2.

2. foundation, only pl., poet. יָסַד אֶרֶץ עַל־מְכוֹנֶיהָ ψ 104:5.

מְכוֹנָה, מְכֹנָה, n.f. fixed resting-place, base;—abs. מ׳ 1 K 7:27 + 5 times; מְכֹנָה 1 K 7:34^(×2), 35; sf. מְכֻנָתָהּ Zc 5:11 (Ges^{§ 27, 3. R. 1}); pl. מְכוֹנוֹת Je 27:19, מְכֹנֹת 1 K 7:27 + 12 times; sf. מְכוֹנֹתָ֯ו Ezr 3:3;—base or stand of laver כִּיּוֹר 1 K 7:27^(×2) + 13 times 1 K 7, 2 K 16:17; 25:13, 16 = Je 52:17, 20, Je 27:19 2 Ch 4:14^(×2); of altar Ezr 3:3; of the symbol. ephah Zc 5:11.

† נָכוֹן n.pr.m. only in גֹּרֶן נ׳ 2 S 6:6; 𝔊 Νωδαβ, A Ναχων, 𝔊L Ορνα τοῦ Ἰεβουσαίου;=כִּידֹן 1 Ch 13:9.

† תְּכוּנָה n.f. arrangement, preparation, fixed place;—

1. arrangement, disposition תְּכוּנָתוֹ Ez 43:11, i.e. the arrangement of the house (del. Co with 𝔊 codd.)

2. preparation, וְאֵין קַצֶה לַתְּכוּנָה Na 2:10 and no end to the preparation (i.e. things prepared, supply, store).

3. fixed place, i.e. dwelling-place, of God (= מָכוֹן) תְּכוּנָתוֹ Jb 23:3.

† [כַּוָּן] n.[m.] cake, sacrificial cake (?√ כון; cf. Hiph. 2. a. prepare food, etc. prob. Bab. loan-word, from kamânu, cake used in worship of Ištar, Zim^{KAT 3, 441}.)—only pl. abs. לַעֲשׂוֹת כַּוָּנִים לִמְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם Je 7:18; עָשִׂינוּ לָהּ כ׳ לְהַעֲצִבָהֿ 44:19.

† I. כּוֹס n.f. ^{La 4:21} cup (√ unknown; perhaps kindred with כִּיס, q.v.; NH id.; Ph. כסת; Aramaic כָּס, ܟܳܣ; Arabic كَأْسٌ is Aramaic loan-wd. according to Frä ¹⁷¹, but see DHM^{VOJ i, 27})—כ׳ abs. Gn 40:11 +; כּ֯יֹס Pr 23:31; cstr. Gn 40:11 +; sf. כּוֹסִי ψ 16:5; 23:5 etc.; pl. abs. כֹּסוֹת Je 35:5;—cup 2 S 12:3; for wine Gn 40:11^(×3), 13, 21 (all E), Pr 23:31 Je 35:5; שְׂפַת־כּוֹס 1 K 7:26 2 Ch 4:5; כ׳ תַּנְחוּמִים Je 16:7 the cup offered to mourners; fig. (wine-) cup of judgment of י׳, from which the nations, or Isr., must drink Je 46:12 La 4:21 ψ 75:9; כ׳ חֲמָתוֹ Is 51:17, 22; כ׳ הַיַּיִן הַחֵמָה Je 25:15, cf. v 17. 28; כ׳ הַתַּרְעֵלָה Is 51:17, 22; כ׳ שַׁמָּה וּשְׁמָמָה Ez 23:33, cf. v 31, 32, 33; כ׳ יְמִין י׳ Hb 2:16; by bold metaph. Babylon is such a cup כ׳ זָהָב בְּיַד י׳ Je 51:7; so of wicked persons, fire, brimstone, and burning wind are מְנָת־כּוֹסָם ψ 11:6 the portion of their cup; כ׳ in good sense, cup of blessing ψ 23:5 (overflowing); י׳ מְנָת חֶלְקִי וְכוֹסִי ψ 16:5; כ׳ יְשׁוּעוֹת ψ 116:13.

† II. כּוֹס n.[m.] a kind of owl (according to Vrss; v. Kn-Di Lv 11:17; wd. perhaps onomatop.)—unclean bird Lv 11:17 Dt 14:16, dwelling in ruins כ׳ חֳרָבוֹת ψ 102:7

I. כור (√ of foll.; perhaps be or make round, hence furnace, pot, basin, from shape; Arabic كَارَ wind about (e.g. a turban), كَوْرٌ turn or twist (of turban), كُورٌ blacksmith’s fire-place, hornets’ or bees’ nest, كَارَةٌ bundle; كُور means also a camel’s saddle (or ‘howdah’) with its apparatus, v. Frey Lane. > Thes comp. Syriac ܐܶܬܟܰܘܰܪ incaluit (Lexx. aestuavit, calefactus est)).

† I. [כָּר] n.[m.] basket-saddle, בְּכַר־הַגָּמָל Gn 31:34 in the camel-basket, i.e. the basket-saddle of the camel, a sort of palankeen bound upon the saddle proper (cf. Kn in Di and reff.) for basket-saddle read < camel-palankeen; the palankeen, or tent-like erection, on the saddle (Burckh^{Bedouisns and Wahabys, 266} Doughty^{Arabic Des. i. 437, ii. 304} Lane^{Mod. Egyptians (5) ii. 158} al.), which seems intended here, is distinct from the basket or pannier (in which some women also travelled, Porter ^{Travels ii. 232}). ii. כַּר v. in alphabetical order.

† כּוּר n.[m.] smelting-pot or furnace (Arabic كُور; NH id.; Aramaic id., ܟܽܘܪ; Ethiopic ከውር: )—pot or furnace for smelting metals, but alw. in metaph. or sim. of human sufferings in punishment or discipline: iron (fig. of Egypt as place of bondage) מִכּ׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Dt 4:20 Je 11:4, מִתּוֹךְ כ׳ הַבּ׳ 1 K 8:51; gold כ׳ לַזָּהָב Pr 17:3 = 27:21 (‖ מַצְרֵף); various metals Ez 22:18, 20, 22; once בְּכוּר עֹ֑נִי Is 48:10 in a smelting-pot of a affliction.

כּוֹר־עָשָׁן n.pr.loc. v. בּוֹר עָשָׁן supr. p. 92b.

† [כִּיר] n.[m.] cooking-furnace ( Mishn. כִּירָה)—frangible, only du. כִּירַיִם Lv 11:35 (c. תַּנּוּר), perhaps as supporting two pots (Ki); 𝔊 χυτρόποδες.

† כִּיֹּר, כִּיּוֹר n.m. ^{1 K 7:38} pot, basin (NH כִּיּוֹר wash-basin, so Aramaic כִּיּוֹרָא)—abs. כִּיֹּר 1 K 7:30 + 8 times; כִּיּוֹר 1 S 2:14 + 5 times; cstr. כִּיּוֹר Ex 30:18 + 2 times; pl. abs. כִּיֹּרוֹת 1 K 7:40 (but v. infr.), 2 Ch 4:14; כִּיֹּרֹת 1 K 7:43; כִּיּוֹרִים 2 Ch 4:6; cstr. כִּיֹּרוֹת 1 K 7:38;—

1. pot for cooking 1 S 2:14 (‖ דּוּד, קַלַּחַת, פָּרוּר).

2. fire-pot כִּיּוֹר אֵשׁ Zc 12:6 (‖ לַפִּיד אֵשׁ; fig. of chiefs of Judah).

3. basin of bronze for washing laver; set on a bronze support a. before tabernacle Ex 30:18, 28; 31:9; 35:16; 38:8; 39:39; 40:7, 11, 30 Lv 8:11 (all P). b. 10 in number, 5 at front corners of temple 1 K 7:30, 38^(×3), 43 2 K 16:17 2 Ch 4:14, 2 Ch 4:6 (1 K 7:40 read הַסִּירוֹת as v 45 and ‖ 2 Ch 4:11, 16, so Heb. Codd. 𝔊 𝔙 Th Ke Sta Klo al.)

4. platform or stage of bronze (prob. round, bowl-like in shape) on which, according to Chr, solomon stood and kneeled 2 Ch 6:13.

† II. [כוּר] vb. meaning dub., perhaps bore, or dig, or hew (Dl^{Prol. 121} comp. Assyrian kâru, fell trees (Dl^{HWB 324}))—only

Qal Pf. 3 pl. כארו = כָּארוּ for כָּרוּ ψ 22:17 (MT כָּאֲרִי, v. אֲרִי) they have bored (digged, hewn) my hands and my feet (si vera l.; cf. Vrss De Pe Che Bae al.; some, however, deriving from כרה in this sense); hence perhaps following.

† [מְכֹרָה, מְכוּרָה] n.f. origin (i.e. place of digging out?)—sg. sf. אֶרֶץ מְכוּרָתָם Ez 29:14; of a people, persons: pl. sf. בְּאֶרֶץ מְכֻרוֹתַיִךְ 21:35 (‖ בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נִבְרֵאת); of Jerus., מְכֹרֹתַיִךְ וּמֹלְדֹתַיִךְ מֵאֶרֶץ הַכְּנַעֲנִי 16:3.

† [מְכֵרָה] n.[f.] prob. the name of a weapon, only pl. sf. כְּלֵי חָמָס מְכֵרֹתֵיהֶם Gn 49:5 weapons of violence are their מ׳ (other conjectures v. in Di).

† כּ֫וֹרֶשׁ and (Ezr 1:1, 2) כֹּ֫רֶשׁ n.pr.m. Cyrus (Pers. Kʾurʾu, Spieg^{APK 215}; Bab. Kuraš COT on Ezr 1:1, Dl in Baer ^{Dn. p. x})—king of (Anzan = Susiana, Tiele ^{Bab.-Assyr. Gesch. 469}, and) Persia, conqueror of Babylon (Tiele ^{ib; 468 ff.}), restorer of Jews to Palestine Is 44:28; 45:1 Ezr 1:7; called מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס 2 Ch 36:22^(×2), 23 Ezr 1:1^(×2), 2 also Ezr 1:8; 4:3, 5 Dn 10:1; simply הַמֶּלֶךְ Dn 1:21.

† I. כּוּשׁ n.pr.pers.m., gent. et terr. (Egyptian Kōš, Steindorff^{BAS i, 593}, Assyrian Kûsu, Id. ^ib. Dl^{Pa 251}; Kaši in Tel Amarna tablets, vid. Wkl^{TelAm. 39} );—

1. 1st ‘son’ of חָם Gn 10:6, 7 (P) = 1 Ch 1:8, 9, 𝔊 Χονς, 𝔙 Chus, from whom descended according to these vv. the southernmost peoples known to Hebrews.

2. land and people of southern Nile-valley, or Upper Egypt, extending from Syene (Ez 29:10) indefinitely to the south, 𝔊 Αιθιοπια, Αιθιοπες: a. the land Is 11:11; 18:1 Zp 3:10 Ez 29:10 Jb 28:19 Est 1:1; 8:9. b. the people Is 20:4 Je 46:9 Ez 38:5; personif. ψ 68:32. c. indeterminate, either land or people, or including both: Is 20:3, 5; 43:3; 45:14 2 K 19:9 = Is 37:9 Na 3:9 Ez 30:4, 5, 9 ψ 87:4 (𝔊 λαὸς Αιθιοπων).

3. in Gn 10:8 (J) = 1 Ch 1:10 כּוּשׁ is err. for כַּשׁ = Bab. Kaššu, according to Schr^COT on Gn 10:6, Dl^{Pa 51 ff. 72 f.} and most Assyriol.; so perhaps also Gn 2:13 (J), yet v. Hpt^{Über Ld. u. Meer, 1894–5, No. 15}.

† II. כּוּשׁ n.pr.m. a Benjamite, ψ 7:1 (title), 𝔊 Χουσει υἱοῦ Ιεμενει.

† I. כּוּשָׁי adj.gent. of i. כּוּשׁ;—m. כּוּשִׁי Je 13:23 + 13 times; f. כֻּשִׁית Nu 12:1^(×2); pl. כּוּשִׁים Zp 2:12 + 6 times; כֻּשִֿׁים Dn 11:43; כֻּשִׁיִּים Am 9:7;—

a. sg. agreeing with noun Nu 12:1^(×2) (E; only here fem.);

b. = subst., a Cushite Je 13:23.

c. id. c. art.; the Cushite, of Joab’s adjutant 2 S 18:21^(×2) (where read חַכּ׳, for MT כ׳, We Dr Kit Bu), v 22, 23, 31^(×2), 32^(×2); in appos. with n.pr. Je 38:7, 10, 12; 39:16 2 Ch 14:8.

d. pl. (הַ)כּוּשִׁים = subst. Zp 2:12 2 Ch 12:3; 14:11^(×2), 12; 16:8; 21:16; so כֻּשִֿׁים Dn 11:43, כֻּשִׁיִּים (si vera l.) Am 9:7.

† II. כּוּשִׁי n.pr.m. 𝔊 Χουσει—

1. Je 36:14 great-grandfather of יְהוּדִי, q.v. (perhaps orig. appellat. Cushite).

2. father of prophet Zephaniah Zp 1:1.

† כּוּשָׁן n.pr., gent. vel terr., only אָהֳלֵי כ׳ Hb 3:7 (‖ מִדְיָן), 𝔊 Αιθιοπων.

† כּוּשַׁן רִשְׁעָתַ֫יִם n.pr.m. king of Aram Naharaim Ju 3:8^(×2), 10^(×2); otherwise unknown, 𝔊 Χουσαρσαθαιμ, 𝔊L Χουσανρεσαμωθ.

כּוֹשָׁרוֹת v. [כּוֹשָׁרָה] sub כָּשַׁר.

† כּוּתָה, כּוּת n.pr.loc. whence king of Assyria (Sargon) transported colonists into N. Israel, מִכּוּתָה 2 K 17:24, אַנְשֵׁי־כוּת v 30; Bab. Kûtû, Kûtê, mod. Tel-Ibrahim, c. 20 m. NE. from Babylon, v. COT 2 K 17:24 Dl^Par217 M-A^{JBL 1892, xi, 169}.

† [כָּזַב] vb. lie, be a liar (Arabic كَذَبَ Aramaic כְּדַב ܟܕܰܒ id. chiefly Pa.; NH כָּזַב)—

Qal Pt. כָּל־הָאָדָם כֹּזֵב ψ 116:11 (cf. כָּזָב 62:10).

Niph. Pf. 3 fs. תֹּחַלְתּוֹ נִכְזָ֑בָה Jb 41:1 his hope has been made deceptive, i.e. been shewn to be so; 2 ms. consec. וְנִכְזָ֑בְתָּ Pr 30:6 lest he convict thee and thou be proved a liar.

Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּזֵּב Mi 2:11; Impf. 3 ms. יְכַזֵּב Hb 2:3 Pr 14:5; וִיכַזֵּב Nu 23:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. (בְּ)כַזֶּבְכֶם Ez 13:19;— 1. lie, tell a lie, abs., Nu 23:19 (JE), Mi 2:11 Jb 6:28; 34:6 Pr 14:5 Is 57:11; sq. לְ pers. lie to Ez 13:19 ψ 78:36; 89:36; sq. בְּ pers. tell a lie with, i.e. in intercourse, converstion with 2 K 4:16. 2. disappoint, fail, of a divine revelation Hb 2:3; waters of a spring Is 58:11.

Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַכְזִיבֵנִי Jb 24:25 who will make me a liar? i.e. prove me to be so (cf. Niph.)

† כָּזָב n.m. ^{Am 2:4} lie, falsehood, deceptive thing;—abs. כ׳ Ho 12:2 + 19 times; pl. abs. כְּזָבִים Ju 16:10 + 9 times; sf. כִּזְבֵיהֶם Am 2:4;—lie, falsehood, c. דִּבֶּר Ju 16:10, 13 Ho 7:13 Zp 3:13 Dn 11:27 ψ 5:7; 58:4, so Ez 13:8 Co (by transp. כ׳ with שָׁוְא, cf. v 6, 7, 9); c. יָפִיחַ (in Pr) Pr 6:19; 14:5, 25; 19:5, 9; of false prophecies (divinations) c. אָמַר, מִקְסַם כ׳ Ez 13:7; c. קָסָם v 9; 21:34; 22:28 + 13:6 𝔊 Co (קָסוֹם כ׳, for MT קֶסֶם כ׳); c. שָׁמַע 13:19, בִּקֵּשׁ ψ 4:3; c. רָצָה delight in 62:5; so in the phr. דְּבַר־כ׳ Pr 30:8, אִישׁ כ׳ 19:22 = liar, עֵד כְּזָבִים 21:28 = false witness; of idols as a lie (res ementita) Am 2:4, so prob. שָׂטֵי כ׳ those turning aside to a lie ψ 40:5 (cf. אָוֶן, אֱלִיל, הֶבֶל, שֶׁקֶר); then of empty human pretensions כ׳ וָשֹׁד יַרְבֶּה Ho 12:2, Is 28:15 (‖ שֶׁקֶר), v 17 (מַחְסֵה כ׳), ψ 62:10 (‖ הֶבֶל; cf. כֹּזֵב 116:11); לֶחֶם כְּזָבִים Pr 23:3 = deceptive (disappointing) bread.

† כְּזִיב n.pr.loc. in plain of Judah Gn 38:5, 𝔊 Χασβι, = אַכְוִיב 1. v. infr.

† כֹּֽזֵבָ֗א n.pr.loc. 1 Ch 4:22 𝔊 Σωκηθα, A 𝔊L Χωζηβα, = אַכְזִיב 1. v. infr.

† כָּזְבִּי n.pr.f. a woman of Midian Nu 25:15, 18, 𝔊 Χασβ(ε)ι.

† אַכְזָב adj. deceptive, disappointing (elative; opp. אֵיתָן q.v. sub יתן)—only abs. sg.:—Mi 1:14 (with play on n.pr. אַכְזִיב); of a deceptive, disappointing stream (cf. Is 58:11) Je 15:18 (‖ מַיִם לֹא נֶאְמָ֑נוּ; on meaning cf. Jb 6:15 ff.)

† אַכְזִיב n.pr.loc.

1. in lowland of Judah Jos 15:44 (𝔊 Ακιεζει καὶ Κεζειβ, 𝔊L Αχζειβ), Mi 1:14 (𝔊 οἴκους ματαίους; v. also כְּזִיב, כֹּזֵבָא).

2. in Asher Ju 1:31 (𝔊 Ασχαζει), and (אַכְוִ֫יבָה) Jos 19:29 (𝔊 Εχοζοβ, A Αχζειφ, 𝔊L Αχαζειβ); it lay on the coast S. of Tyre, in As; Akzibi, COT Jos 19:29 Dl^Par284; Gk. Εκδιππα; mod. ez-Zîb, Bd^{Pal. 272} Buhl^{G. § 120} and (on prounciation) Kasteren^{ZPV xiii. 101}.

כזר (√ of foll.; Aram; Ethpe. be cruel (𝔗 Jb 10:1), cf. Syriac ܟܙܻܝܪܳܝܳܐ, miles, vir strenuus PS¹⁷¹⁸, who comp. Pers. كَزير athleta, heros (Vullers)).

† אַכְזָר adj. cruel, fierce, of poison (רֹאשׁ) Dt 32:33; elsewhere of men, fierce Jb 41:2; as subst. = a cruel one Jb 30:21 (of God), La 4:3.

† אַכְזָרִי adj. cruel, always in this form;—Pr 12:10; 17:11 Je 6:23; 50:42, also 30:14 (read מוּסָר א׳, for MT מוּסַר, Gf Gie); as subst. Pr 5:9; 11:17, perhaps also, in appos. with יוֹם י׳, Is 13:9.

† אַכְזְרִיּוּת n.f. cruelty, fierceness, only א׳ חֵמָה וְשֶׁטֶף אָ֑ף pr 27:4 fierceness of rage and outpouring of anger.

† I. כֹּחַ n.[m.] a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11:30; 𝔊 𝔙 AV chameleon; on various opinions v. Di.

II. כֹּחַ v. sub כחח.

† [כָּחַד] vb. not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usually) pass. (Aramaic אתכחדו be effaced †Jb 4:7; ܟܚܶܕ is revere, Pt. venerable, Pa. put to shame, Ethpa. be ashamed; Ethiopic ክሕደ deny, apostatize)—

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִכְחַד Ho 5:3 + 2 times; 3 pl. נִכְחָ֑דוּ Jb 4:7 ψ 69:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִכָּחֵד 2 S 18:13, etc.; Pt. נִכְחֶדֶת Zc 11:9; pl. נִכְחָדוֹת Zc 11:16 Jb 15:28;— 1. be hidden, sq. מִן pers., 2 S 18:13 Ho 5:3 ψ 69:6; 139:15. 2. be effaced, destroyed Zc 11:9 Jb 4:7; 15:28 (עָרִים נִכְחָדוֹת), 22:20, sq. מִן־הָאָרֶץ Ex 9:15 (J); Pt. intrans. of incomplete process = going to ruin Zc 11:9^(×2), 16.

Pi. Pf. כִּחֵד 1 S 3:18; 1 s. כִּחַדְתִּי Jb 6:10 ψ 40:11; 3 pl. כִּחֲדוּ Jb 15:18; כִּחֵ֑דוּ Is 3:9; Impf. 2 ms. תְּכַחֵד Jos 7:19 + 4 times; 2 fs. תְּכַחֲדִי 2 S 14:18; 1 s. אֲכַחֵד Jb 27:11; 2 mpl. תְּכַחֵ֑דוּ Je 50:2; 1 pl. נְכַחֵד Gn 47:18 ψ 78:4;—hide, sq. מִן pers. Gn 47:18 (J), Jos 7:19 (JE), 1 S 3:17^(×2), 18 2 S 14:18 Je 38:14, 25 ψ 78:4; sq. לְ pers. ψ 40:11 conceal toward, with ref. to, i.e. from; without prep. Is 3:9 Je 50:2 Jb 15:18; 27:11; = disown Jb 6:10.

Hiph. Pf. 1 s. consec. sf. וְהִכְחַדְתִּיו Ex 23:23; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּכְחֵד 2 Ch 32:21, sf. יַכְחִידֶנָּה Jb 20:12; 1 s. וָאַכְחִד Zc 11:8; 1 pl. sf. וְנַכְחִידֵם ψ 83:5; Inf. cstr. לְהַכְחִיד 1 K 13:34;— 1. hide, in fig. יַכְחִידֶנָּה תַּחַת לְשֹׁנוֹ Jb 20:12 (obj. wickedness) 2. efface, annihilate Ex 23:23 (E), 1 K 13:34 (‖ חַשְׁמִיד), Zc 11:8 2 Ch 32:21; sq. מִגּוֹי ψ 83:5, i.e. from being (so that they be not) a nation.

כחח (√ assumed by Thes Buhl al. for foll. Ba^{NB 79} proposes √ כוח).

† II. כֹּחַ and (†Dn 11:6) כּוֹחַ n.m. ^{Dt 4:37} strength, power (NH id.);—כ׳ abs. Dt 8:18 +; cstr. Nu 14:17 +; sf. כֹּחִי Gn 31:6 +; כֹּחֲךָ Ju 16:6 +, כֹּחֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:10, כֹּחֶ֑כָה Pr 24:10, etc.; always sg.;—

1. human strength: a. physical, of Samson Ju 16:5, 6, 9, 15, 17, 19, 30; strength in toil Is 44:12 (זְרוֹעַ כֹּתוֹ), v 12 Lv 26:20 Ne 4:4; of manly vigour (in procreation) אַתָּה כֹּחִי וְרֵאשִׁית אוֹנִי Gn 49:3 (poem in J; said to Reuben); vigour in gen. Jos 14:11^(×2) (JE), Ju 6:14 1 S 28:22 Jb 6:11, 12 ψ 31:11; 38:11; 71:9; 102:24; Pr 20:29; as sustained by food 1 K 19:8; lack of such vigour is לֹא־כֹחַ Jb 26:2, cf. מִכֹּחַ Je 48:45 without strength; בְּלֹא־כ׳ La 1:6; יְגִיעֵי־כ׳ Jb 3:17; כֹּחַ לֹא־הָיָה בוֹ 1 S 28:20, cf. Dn 10:8, 17; in ψ 22:16 read חִכִּי, so Ew Ol Che al.; specif. of power of voice Is 40:9. b. more inclusively, ability, efficiency: sq. inf., ability to weep 1 S 30:4; to get wealth Dt 8:18; to bring forth (a child; in fig.) 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3; sq. לַעֲמֹד Dn 1:4 Ezr 10:13, cf. Dn 11:15; without inf. 1 Ch 29:2 Ezr 2:69; of efficiency in battle 2 Ch 14:10; 20:12; 26:13; for porter’s service in temple אִישׁ־חַיִל בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲבֹדָה 1 Ch 26:8; ability or efficiency in gen. Gn 31:6 Pr 24:5, 10 Ec 4:1; 9:10, so prob. כֹּחַ יְדֵיהֶם Jb 30:2; עָצַר כֹּחַ (late, cf. עצר) retain ability or strength, sq. inf.; נַעְצֹר כ׳ לְהִתְנַדֵּב 1 Ch 29:14 that we should retain (have) ability to make freewill-offerings; to build 2 Ch 2:5; c. neg., without inf., Dn 10:8, 16 (cf. 11:6, c.). c. power of a people, or king, Jos 17:17 Na 2:2 Hb 1:11 Is 49:4 (of servant of י׳), La 1:14 Dn 8:22, 24a, also v 24b (si vera l., v. Bev), 11:25 (‖ לֵבָב); c. עָצַר 2 Ch 13:20; 22:9 Dn 11:6 (לֹא תַעְצֹר כ׳ הַזְּרוֹעַ, cf. b); in Ho 7:9 fig. of body seems combined with that of land yielding produce (v. 5 infr.) d. power opp. to that of God Am 2:14 Is 10:13 (כ׳ יָדִי), Dt 8:17 1 S 2:9 Zc 4:6 Jb 36:19 ψ 33:16. e. power conferred by God Is 40:29, cf. v 31; 41:1; of prophetic power Mi 3:8.

2. strength of angels ψ 103:20.

3. power of God: in creation Je 10:12; 51:51 (see also 32:17 infr.); ψ 65:7; in governing the world 1 Ch 29:12 2 Ch 20:6 ψ 29:4; in acts of deliverance and judgment Ex 9:16; 15:6; 32:11 Nu 14:13, 17 (JE), Is 50:2 2 Ch 25:8 Jb 9:19; 24:22; 26:12; 30:18; 36:22; in combin. כֹּחַ גָּדוֹל Dt 4:37; ‖ יָד חֲזָקָה Ex 32:11 (JE), Ne 1:10; ‖ זְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Dt 9:29 2 K 17:36 Je 27:5; 32:17; he is רַב־כֹּחַ ψ 147:5, cf. רֹב כֹּחוֹ Is 63:1 Jb 23:6; also גדול־כֹּחַ Na 1:3; אַמִּיץ כֹּחַ Is 40:26 Jb 9:4, שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ 37:23; כֹּחַ מַעֲשָׂיו ψ 116:6 the power of his works; קוֹל י׳ בַּכֹּחַ ψ 29:4 (of thunder); specif. of his wisdom (rather peculiarly, Elihu) כַּבִּיר כֹּחַ לֵב Jb 36:5 mighty in strength of mind.

4. of animals: wild ox Jb 39:11, horse v 21, hippopot. 40:16, bullock Pr 14:4; he-goat Dn 8:6, ram v 7.

5. strength, of soil i.e. produce, Gn 4:12 (J), Jb 31:39; (Ho 7:9 v. 1. c supr.); = wealth (cf. חַיִל Pr 5:10 Jb 6:22.

† [כָּחַל] vb. paint (eyes) (NH id.; Aramaic כְּחַל, ܟܚܰܠ; Ethiopic ኰሐለ: Arabic كَحَلَ )—

Qal Pf. in רָחַצְתְּ כָּחַלְתְּ עֵינַיִךְ וגו׳ Ez 23:40 (Co reads 3 pl.);—v. also פּוּךְ.

† כָּחַשׁ vb. be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean (NH כָּחַשׁ grow lean; Hiph. convict of falsehood, refute; Aramaic כְּחַשׁ grow lean; כַּחְשָׁא leanness, כְּחִישׁוּתָא leanness, weakness; Aph. as NH Hiph.)—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. וּבְשָׂרִי כָּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן ψ 109:24 my flesh hath grown lean (away) from fatness (‖ בִּרְכַּי כָּֽשְׁלוּ מִצּוֹם).

Niph. Impf. וְיִכָּֽחֲשׁוּ אֹיְבֶיךָ לָךְ Dt 33:29 thine enemies shall cringe (come cringing, i.e. orig. act deceptively, feigning obedience) to thee (cf. also Pi 3, Hithp.)

Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּחֵשׁ 1 K 13:18 Hb 3:17; וְכִ֫חֶשׁ consec. (bef. monosyll.) Lv 5:22 Jb 8:18, etc.; Impf. (בָּהּ) יְכַ֫חֶשׁ Ho 9:2; 3 fs. וַתְּכַחֵשׁ Gn 18:15, etc.; inf. abs. כַּחֵשׁ Ho 4:2 Is 59:13; cstr. Zc 13:4;— 1. deceive, abs. Gn 18:15 (J), Jos 7:11 (JE), Ho 4:2 (אלה וכחשׁ together = false swearing according to We^{Kl. Pr.}; + וְרָצֹחַ וְגָנֹב וְנָאֹ֑ף), cf. לֹא תִגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־תְכַחֲשׁוּ וְלֹא תְשַׁקְּרוּ אִישׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֹ Lv 19:11 (H); לְמַעַן כ׳ Zc 13:4 in order to deceive; sq. לְ pers. 1 K 13:18 Jb 31:28; sq. בְ pers. et rei Lv 5:21, בְ rei v 22. 2. act deceptively against (i.e. seem to acknowledge, but not really do so), sq. בְ pers. Jos 24:27 (E) Je 5:12 Is 59:13 Jb 8:18, appar. also וְתִירוֹשׁ יכ׳ בָּהּ Ho 9:2 and new wine shall deny her (Isr.; i.e. refuse to acknowledge her as its mistress, not yield itself to her); abs. Pr 30:9. 3. cringe = come cringing (make shew of obedience, v. Niph.), sq. בְ pers. ψ 18:45 (Hithp. in ‖ 2 S 22:45); sq. לְ pers. ψ 66:3; 81:16. 4. disappoint, fail, abs. כִּחֵשׁ מַעֲשֵׂה זַיִת Hb 3:17 the product of the olive hath failed (in sense comp. Ho 9:2 supr.)

Hithp. Impf. יִתְכַּחֲשׁוּ לִי 2 S 22:45 shall come cringing to me (‖ ψ 18:45, v. supr.)

† כַּ֫חַשׁ n.m. ^{Jb 16:8} 1. lying 2. leanness;—abs. כ׳ Ho 12:1 + 2 times; כָּ֑חַשׁ Ho 10:13; sf. כַּחֲשִׁי Jb 16:8; pl. sf. כַּחֲשֵׁיהֶם Ho 7:3;—

1. lying, אֲכַלְתֶּם פְּרִי כ׳ Ho 10:13 ye have eaten the fruit of lying; 7:3 (‖ רָעָה), 12:1; of Nineveh, כ׳ פֶּרֶק מְלֵאָה Na 3:1 of lying (and) robbery it is full; ψ 59:13 (‖ אָלָה).

2. of Job’s affliction Jb 16:8 my leanness hath risen up against me (cf. ψ 109:24; 𝔗 J Gn 41:27, Ec 12:5; Talm. כחשׁא; > my lying, i.e. my affliction regarded as a lying witness, Di Buhl al.)

† [כֶּחָשׁ] adj. deceptive, false (on format. v. Ba^{NB 50} Ges^{§ 84b})—בָּנִים כֶּחָשִׁים Is 30:9 (‖ עַם מְרִי).

I. כִּי conj. that, for, when (Moab. id.: Ph. כ. Prob. from the same demonstr. basis found in ܟܳܐ here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ this (W^{SG 110 f.}); perhaps also ultim. akin with كَىْ that, in order that, and ܟܰܝ then, enclit., like Lat. nam in quisnam?)—

1. that (ὅτι, Germ. dass): a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accus.: so constantly, after vbs. of seeing, as Gn 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב and God saw that it was good, 3:6; 6:2, 5; 12:14 + often, hearing 14:14; 29:33, knowing 22:12; 24:14, telling 3:11; 12:18, repenting 6:6, 7, swearing Gn 22:16 Je 22:5, believing Ex 4:5 La 4:12, remembering ψ 78:35, forgetting Jb 39:15; אָמַר = command (late; in early Heb. the words said are quoted) Jb 36:10, 24) זְכֹר in a command) 37:20b 1 Ch 21:18 (contrast 2 S 24:18) etc.; טוֹב כּי it is good that … 2 S 18:3 + (v. p. 374b: usually the inf. c., as Gn 2:18; v. ibid.); Gn 37:26 מַה־בֶּצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (impf.) …? Mal 3:14 what profit כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (pf.) …? Jb 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that …? after a pron., as ψ 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, 42:5 these things will I remember … that (or how) I used to go, etc., 56:10 this I know that god is for me, Jb 13:16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleon. after an intervening clause 2 S 19:7 Je 26:15 +; כִּי … וְכִי Gn 3:6; 29:12 Ex 4:31 Jos 2:9; 8:21; 10:1 1 S 31:7 2 S 5:12 1 K 11:21 Je 40:7, 11; לֵאמֹר … וְכִי Gn 45:26 Ju 10:10. b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like ܕ, أَنْ, and the Gk. ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Gn 21:30; 29:33 and she said, כִּי שׁמע י׳ Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Ex 3:12 = Ju 6:16 and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Jos 2:24 1 S 2:16 (v. Dr) 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2 S 11:23 1 K 1:13; 20:5 Ru 1:10, cf. 2:21 (but in reply to a qu. כִּי may = because, v. sub 3; and so also in sentences giving the expl. of a proper name, Gn 26:22; 29:32 (but De surely: v. infr.), Ex 2:10 (cf. Gn 4:25; 41:51, 52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1 S 29:8 1 K 11:22 2 K 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed ‘Why do you say this?’). c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, חַי י׳ etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Gn 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but through Heb. usage prob. gave it an asseverative force, Engl. idiom does not require it to be expressed: Nu 14:22 1 S 20:3 as י׳ liveth, כִּי כִפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 26:16; 29:6 Is 49:18 +; 1 S 14:44 כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2 S 3:35 1 K 2:23 Ru 1:17 al.—Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Gn 22:16f. 1 S 14:39 כִּי מוֹת יָמוּת (אִם־יֶשְׁנוֹ בְּיוֹנָתָן בְּנִי) חַי י׳ כִּי 25:34 2 S 2:27 כִּי אָז וג׳ (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 3:9; 15:21 Qr 1 K 1:30 Je 22:24. d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows: (a) so especially in אַף כִּי (v. אַף); †הֲכִי is it that …? (as a neutral interrrog.) 2 S 9:1, (expecting a neg. answer) Gn 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Jb 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Gn 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2 S 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (wh. would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read prob. with the ‖ 1 Ch 11:25 הִנּוֹ behold, he, etc.; †אִם־לֹא כִּי Dt 32:30 were it not that …; †אָמְנָם כִּי Jb 12:2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; †אַךְ כִּי 1 S 8:9; אֶפֶס כִּי Nu 13:28 +; גַּם כִּי †Ru 2:21; †הֲלֹא כִי 1 S 10:1 (but v. 𝔊 Dr), 2 S 13:28; †הִנֵּה כִי ψ 128:4; cf. ψ 118:10–12 בְּשֵׁם י׳ כִּי אֲמִילַֽם in the name of י׳ (is it) that—or (I say) that—I will mow them down; Jb 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֹ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Is 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? … וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew^{§ 354 c} De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (‖ 2 K 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v 35; 2 Ch 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the orig. וְכִי). 1 Ch 29:14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי. (b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then …, Gn 31:42; 43:10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, Nu 22:23 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1 S 14:30 𝔊 (after לוּא), and 13:13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Jb 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, Gn 29:32 Jb 7:21 +; or for then = for in that case, Ex 9:15 Nu 22:29 Jb 3:13; 6:3 +). It is dub. whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2 S 2:27; 19:7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitat. preceding (vid. a, c). Rare otherwise: Ex 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִם־צָעֹק יִצְעַק ’tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Is 7:9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאָמֵֽנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established. e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emph., yea, surely, certainly (Germ. ja—a lighter particle than these Engl. words): see in EVV Gn 22:17 Ex 18:11 Nu 23:23 1 S 17:25; 20:26 2 K 23:22 Is 32:13; 60:9 Je 22:22; 31:19 Ho 6:9; 8:6; 9:12; 10:3 Am 3:7 ψ 76:11; 77:12 (Ew Che), Pr 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Ec 4:16; 7:7, 20 Jb 28:1 +; La 3:22 (𝔖 𝔗 Ew Th Öt) the mercies of י׳, surely they are not consumed (read prob. תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ru 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. De Pr 30:1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. f. that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: sq. perf., Gn 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought on me? 1 S 17:26; 22:8 Is 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? v 16 36:5; 52:5 Mic 4:9 Hb 2:18; sq. ptcp. Ju 14:3 1 S 20:1 1 K 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2 K 5:7 Ez 24:19; usually sq. impf. Ex 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? 16:7 Ju 8:6; 9:28; 2 K 8:13 Is 7:13; 29:16 (also pf.), ψ 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Jb 3:12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָקֽ ׃ that I should suck? 6:11 מַה־כֹּחִי כִּי אֲיַחֵל, 7:12, 17; 10:5f.; 13:25f; 15:12f. 14; 16:3; 21:15 +; after a neg., Gn 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, ψ 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Is 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Ho 1:6 (v. RV), Jb 41:2 Ru 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתָּי that I should have said, etc. (cf. Ew^§337a; Dr^{§ 39 δ}). g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. …, as יַעַן כִּי because that …: v. sub יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת.

2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Gn 6:1 (cf. Bu^{Urg. 6}), 26:8; 27:1 2 S 6:13; 7:1; 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר, and especially כְּ c. inf., are more freq.); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1 S 1:12; 17:48; Jos 22:7 Ju 2:18; 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (freq.) they said, Je 44:19 (ptcp.), Ho 11:1 ψ 32:3 כי החרשׁתר when I was silent, Jb 31:21, 26, 29; of present (usually with impf.) as Ex 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1 S 24:20 Is 1:12; 30:21 Je 14:12 Zc 7:5, 6 Mal 1:8 ψ 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, 102:1; 127:5 +, with pf. Ez 3:19–21; 33:9 Pr 11:15; 23:22; especially of future, as Gn 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת־הָאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., 24:41; 30:33; 31:49; 32:18 Ex 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Dt 4:25; 6:20 +; in phrase (תֹּאמַר וג׳) וְכִי תֹּאמְרוּ Lv 25:20 Dt 18:21 Is 8:19; 36:7 Je 13:22; and especially in וְהָיָה כִּי … Gn 12:12; 46:33 Dt 6:10; 15:16 1 S 10:7; 25:30 Is 8:21; 10:12 + often; with pf. Is 16:12 1 Ch 17:11 (altered from impf. 2 S 7:12); with ptcp. (unusual) Nu 33:51; 34:2 Dt 11:31; 18:9. b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם:—(mostly with impf.) Gn 38:16 Nu 5:10; 10:32 Dt 6:25; 7:17; 28:2, 13 1 S 20:13 2 S 19:8 2 K 4:29; 18:22 Je 38:15 Pr 4:8 Jb 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), 19:28; often in laws, as Ex 21:14, 33, 35, 37; 22:4, 5 etc., Dt 13:13; 14:24; 15:7, 12; 17:2; 18:6, 21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Ex 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which v 3–5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so 21:7 (כי), v 8–11 (אם); v 18 (כי), v 19 (אם); v 20 (כי), v 21 (אם); v 22 f. 28–32; Lv 1:2 (כי), v 3, 10 (אם) 4:2, 3, 13, 27, 32; 13:2 ff. Nu 30:3 ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Ex 21:5 with Dt 15:16; Nu 5:19 and v 20.—N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emph.: 1 K 8:37 רָעָב כִּי־יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וג׳, Is 28:18 Mi 5:4 אַשּׁוּר כִּי־יָבֹא בְאַרְצֵנוּ, ψ 62:11 Ez 3:19 (וְאַתָּה), 14:9, 13; 18:5, 18, 21; 33:6 (cf. v 2); and especially in laws of P, as אָדָם כִּי … Lv 1:2; 13:2, נֶפֶשׁ כִּי … 2:1; 4:2; 5:1, 4, 15, similiarly 15:2, 16, 19, 25; 22:12, 13, 14 etc., rather differently Nu 5:20. c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though:—(a) with impf. Je 4:30^(×3); 14:12; 49:16 כִּי־תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, 51:53 Ho 13:15 Zc 8:6 ψ 37:24; 49:19 f. though in his lifetime he bless himself … he shall come, etc., perhaps also Je 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Is 1:15 ψ 23:4 (cf. Dr^{§ 143}); (b) with perf. (rare) Mi 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Na 1:10 (si vera l.), ψ 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), 119:83 (Ew De).

3. Because, since (ὅτι)— a. Gn 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., v 17 18:20 the cry of S. and G.—because it is great … (subj. prefixed for emph.: cf. 2 N.B.) Is 28:15; in answer to a qu., Gn 27:20 Ex 1:19; 18:15 2 S 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a fut. action is conceived as possible (Germ. indem) Lv 22:9 Dt 4:29 כי תדרשׁנו, 12:20 (v.^Dr), v 25, 28; 13:19; 14:24; 16:15; 19:6, 9 +, 1 K 8:35 (cf. v 33 אֲשֶׁר), v 36 כִּי תוֹרֵם, Pr 4:8b. b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Gn 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת וג׳ because on it he rested, etc., 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, Gn 2:5, 23; 3:20; 5:24; 6:7; 12, 13 ψ 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, 10:14; 25:16; 27:10 + very often Spec. after vbs. expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Is 14:29 ψ 58:11, being angry Gn 31:35; 45:5, fearing 43:18 ψ 49:17 etc. Iron. 1 K 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 times); Pr 30:4 Jb 38:5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subj. prefixed ψ 128:2. Repeated (with anacol.) Is 49:19. c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Is 3:8a Jb 6:21 (ground of the comparison v 15–20), 14:16 (For …: ground of the wishes expressed v 13–15), 16:22 (ground of v 20 f.) 30:26 (For …), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Jb 5:6 (reason why complaining v 2–5 is foolish), 15:34; 23:14; sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars wh. establish or exemplify it 2 S 23:5a Is 1:30; 5:7; 7:8; 9:4; 10:8–11; 13:10 (development of v 9a), 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed v 5); Jb 11:16 ff. (explic. of v 15b), 18:8 ff. (justifying v 7), 22:26 ff. (justifying v 25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Is 2:6 (reason why invitation v 5 is needed), 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation v 9), 18:5; 28:8 (proof of the intoxication v 7), 31:7 (reason for the exhortation v 6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Jb 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), 27:8–10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the v. which immed. precedes or follows, but to several, as Is 7:16 f. (v 17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare v 15), 21:6 ff. (ground of the statements v1–5), Jb 4:5 (ground of v 2), 14:7–12 (v 10–12 specially the ground for the appeal in v 6), 23:10–13 (ground why God cannot be found v 8 f.), ψ 73:21 (ground not of v 20, but of general train of thought v 2–14); so also Gn 4:24 Dt 18:14 Is 12:1 Je 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immed. after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a partic. word, Is 28:20 (justifying ‘nought but terror’ v 19), Jb 23:17 (God’s hostility v 16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poet. or rhet. style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a qu.; Is 28:11 (the mockeries of v 10 have a meaning) ‘for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,’ who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (v 13); = (no,) for Is 28:28 (see RVm), Jb 22:2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, 31:18; 39:14 (see v 13b), ψ 44:24 (he cannot do this, v 23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Is 49:25 (see the qu. v 24), 66:8. d. כִּי … כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Gn 3:19; 26:7; 43:32; 47:20 Ex 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Is 2:6^(×2); 3:8^(×2); 6:5a, b; 10:22f. Jb 6:3f.; 8:8, 9^(×2); 24:17^(×2); 29:11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Ex 23:21, 22 Is 6:5b, c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips …, because mine eyes have seen י׳ of hosts, 15:5^(×2), 6^(×2), 8, 9 Zp 3:8f. Jb 15:25, 27; 20:19f.; 31:11f. But כִּי … וְכִי also occurs, Gn 33:11 Nu 5:20 (if), Jo 1:15 Ju 6:30 1 S 19:4; 22:17 1 K 2:26 Is 65:16 +. e. after a neg. כִּי for becomes = but (Germ. sondern): Gn 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, 24:3f.; 45:8 Ex 1:19; 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, כי על־י׳ for (they are) agst. י׳ = but agst. י׳, Dt 21:17 1 S 6:3 (אַל), 27:1 (v. Dr), 1 K 21:15 Is 10:7; 28:27; 29:23; 30:5 ψ 44:8; 118:17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as Gn 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, 19:2; 42:12 Jos 5:14 1 S 2:16 MSS 𝔊 (v. Dr), 12:12 2 S 16:18; 24:24 1 K 2:30; 3:22; 11:22 Is 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.

Note. —כִּי is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different expl. is tenable. Authorities especially read the Heb. differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Is 8:23 Ges Ew^{§ 330 b} doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking v 22 as RVm); Ch surely: 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (expl. of טוֹב): Ez 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because.—In Ex 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it prob. that כִּי is for (Dr^{§ 153}). Jb 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi: When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc.

כִּי אִם־ (the אִם foll. by makkeph, except Gn 15:4 Nu 35:33 Ne 2:2, where כִּי־אִם is read by the Mass., Pr 2:3: Fr^{MM 241})—

1. each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: a. that if Je 26:15; after an oath (כִּי not translated: v. כִּי 1 c) if 1 S 14:39 Je 22:24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2 S 3:35 1 S 25:34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: v. כִּי 1 c); Ex 22:22 (in apod.) indeed if … (v. כִּי 1 d). b. for if Ex 8:17; 9:2; 10:4 Dt 11:20 +, for though Is 10:22 Je 37:20 Am 5:22, but if Je 7:5.

2. (About 140 times) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— a. limiting the prec. clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative)—the most usual term for expressing this idea: sq. vb. Gn 32:27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִם־בֵּרַכְתָּֽנִי lit. but (כִּי 3 e) if thou bless me (sc. I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, ‘I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;’ Lv 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִם־רָחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Is 65:6 Am 3:7 Ru 3:18 La 5:21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öt), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öt); sq. a noun, except, but, Gn 28:17 this is nothing כִּי אִם־בֵּית הָאֱ׳ but the house of God, 39:9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִם־אוֹתָךְ except thee, Lv 21:2 Nu 14:30 (after אִם), 26:65 (cf. 32:12 בִּלְתִּי), Jos 14:4 1 S 30:17, 22 2 S 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִם־ (so 2 K 4:2), 19:29 1 K 17:1 (after אִם), 22:31 2 K 5:15; 9:35; 13:7 Je 22:17; 44:14 +; after אַל, 2 Ch 23:6; sq. an adv. clause, Gn 42:15 Nu 35:33 2 S 3:13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read prob. with 𝔊 כִּי אִם־הֵבֵיאתָ); after an interrog. Is 42:19 who is blind כִּי אִם־עַבְדִּי but my servant? (who is blind in comparison with him?), Dt 10:12 Mi 6:8 Ec 5:10 2 Ch 2:5. b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (cf. אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), Gn 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir: כִּי אִם־אֲשֶׁר וג׳ but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be they heir (cf. 1 K 8:19), 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (cf. כִּי alone 17:15), 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money … is all made over to, etc., Ex 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Dt 7:5; 12:5; 16:6 Jos 23:8 1 S 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כֻּי אִם־חָֽי ׃ but raw, 8:19 לֹא כִּי אִם־מֶלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (cf. כי alone, 10:19; 12:12), 21:5 2 S 5:6 1 K 18:18 2 K 10:23 (פֶּן), Is 33:21; 55:10, 11; 59:2 Je 3:10; 7:32; 9:23; 16:15; 20:3 Ez 36:22; 44:10 Am 8:11 ψ 1:2, 4 Pr 23:17 (אַל) +; with the principal verb repeated (as Gn 15:4 1 K 8:19), Lv 21:14 Ez 44:22 Nu 10:30 2 K 23:23 Je 39:12 Kt (Qr om. אִם), cf. 7:23. Occas. in colloq. language, the neg., it seems, is left to be understood: 1 S 26:10 as י׳ liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but י׳ shall smite him, 2 S 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr om. אִם). Sq. imv. Is 65:18 Ez 12:23 Je 39:12 2 Ch 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly). כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous neg.: Gn 40:14 כִּי אִם־זְכַרְתַּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; v Dr^{§ 119 δ n.}, the use of a bare pf., without לוּ, or even waw consec., to express a wish or command is unexampled), Nu 24:22 כִּי אִם־יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן ׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (cf. Di), Jb 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִם־פָּנָיו אֶשָּׂא. c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (cf. בִּלְתִּי אִם, עַר אִם: אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (v. כִּיּ 1 c.): 2 K 5:20 as י׳ liveth, כִּי אִם־רַצְתִּי surely I will run (pf. of certitude) after him, etc., Je 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surely I will fill thee with men (viz. assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men—i.e. increased thy population—, yet shall they—the assailants—lift up the shout against thee), 2 S 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. part. Ru 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֹאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Ju 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִם־נִקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1 S 21:6 כִּי אִם־אִשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1 K 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Pr 23:18 (v. De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Jb 42:8.

† כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gn 18:5; 19:8; 33:10; 38:26 Nu 10:31; 14:43 Ju 6:22 2 S 18:20 Qr (rightly), Je 29:28; 38:4—lit. for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a}). The orig. force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gn 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּי־עַל־כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (sc. to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Nu 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּי־עַל־כֵּן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from י׳, etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8 c) †Jb 34:27.

II. כִּי branding, v. sub כוה.

† [כִּיד] n.[m.] only sf. כִּידוֹ Jb 21:20, meaning unknown; read prob. פִּידוֹ his misfortune (as 12:5 etc.)

כיד (√ of foll.; cf. perhaps Arabic كَادَ in sense labour, take pains, strive, or struggle with, كَيْدٌ war).

† I. כִּידוֹן n.[m.] dart, javelin (NH id.)—abs. כ׳ Jos 8:18 + 6 times; כִּידֹן Je 50:42; cstr. כִּידוֹן 1 S 17:6;—dart, javelin (distinct from חֲנִית spear, lance, q.v.), נטה בַּכּ׳ אשׁר ביד(ך) Jos 8:18^(×2), cf. v 26; רַעַשׁ כ׳ Jb 41:21 the rushing sound of a dart; בְּחֶרֶב וּבַחֲנִית וּבְכ׳ 1 S 17:45 (weapons of Goliath), כ׳ נְחשֶׁת בֵּין כְּתֵפָיו v 6 (חֲנִית in v 7); + חֲנִית Jb 39:23 also; קֶשֶׁת וְכ׳ Je 6:23; 50:42.

† II. כִּידֹן n.pr.m. 1 Ch 13:9, 𝔊L Χεδων, A Χειλω; = נָכוֹן 2 S 6:6 (𝔊 Νωδαβ, A Ναχων, 𝔊L Ορνα).

כִּידוֹד v. sub כדד;

כִּידוֹר v. sub כדר.

† כִּיּוּן n.pr.dei. Am 5:26, prob. = Assyrian kaivânu, planet Saturn (Arabic and Pers. كَيْوَانٌ, Syriac ܟܶܐܘܳܢ), regarded as god; orig. pronunc. כֵּיוָן Schr ^{COT ad loc.}, cf. Kö^{ii. 151} (pointing כִּיּוּן intended to suggest √ כון as something established, firm); kaimâ̆nu = kaiânu, according to Jen ^{Cosm. iii. 502} who der. from כון (cf. Thes; so Zim ^{BP 17}); > Hpt ^{ZA ii. 266, 281 f.} reads כַּיָּוָן (for כְּאָמָן), reading the Babyl. name Kaʾâmânu; v. also M-A^{JBL 1892, xi. 86 n. 39}.

כִּיּוֹר v. sub I. כור.

כִּילַי, כֵּלַי Is 32:5, 7 v. נכל (Kö ^{ii 118}).

† כֵּילַפּוֹת n.[f.] axe (loan-word (cf. Frä⁷⁴) from Assyrian kalappatu v. Dl^{HWB 333})—בְּכַשִּׁיל וְכ׳ יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן ψ 74:6 (‖ קַרְדֻּמּוֹת v 5).

כִּימָה v. sub כום.

† כִּיס n.m. ^{Pr 1:14} bag, purse (perhaps kindred with כּוֹם, q.v.; Arabic كِيسٌ (prob. from Pers. كِيسَهْ Lane ²⁶⁴⁰); Ethiopic ኪስ; NH כִּיס; Aramaic כִּיסָא, ܟܻܝܣܳܐ; Palm. מן כיסה from his purse = at his own expense, Vog ^{p. 13} al.)—bag, in which were carried:

a. weights (v. אֶבֶן 5) Dt 25:13; Mi 6:11; Pr 16:11;

b. money, i.e. a purse Is 46:6; Pr 1:14.

כִּיֹּר [כִּיר], כִּירַיִם v. sub I. כור.

כִּישׁוֹר v. sub כשׁר.

כָּ֫כָה v. sub כה p. 462 supr.

כִּכָּר v. sub כרר;

כֹּל v. sub I. כלל.

† [כָּלָא] vb. shut up, restrain, withhold (NH id.; Aramaic כְּלָא, ܟܠܴܐ; Ethiopic ከልአ: restrain, hinder; Assyrian kâiû, id.; Arabic كَلَأَ protect Qor 21:43 cf. Ba ^{ZMG 1887, 605 Anm. 4})—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. כְּלָאוֹ Je 32:3; 3 fs. כָּֽלְאָה Hg 1:10; 2 fs. sf. כְּלִתִ֫נִי 1 S 25:33; 1 s. כָּלִאתִי ψ 119:101; 3 pl. כָּֽלְאוּ Hg 1:10, כָּלוּ 1 S 6:10; Impf. 3 ms. יִכְלֶה Gn 23:6; 2 ms. תִּכְלָא ψ 40:12; 2 fs. תִּכְלָ֑אִי Is 43:6; 1 s. אֶכְלָא ψ 40:10; Imv. sf. כְּלָאֵם Nu 11:28; Inf. cstr. לִכְלוֹא Ec 8:8; Pt. pass. כָּלוּא Je 32:2, כָּלֻא ψ 88:9; (on the metapl. forms, as if from כלה, v. Ges ^{§ 75, 21 c} Kö^{i 611});— 1. shut up, c. acc. 1 S 6:10 (+ בְ loc.), Je 32:3; pt. pass. Je 32:2 (בְ loc.), fig. ψ 88:9 (opp. יצא). 2. restrain, c. acc. 1 S 25:33 (+ מִבּוֹא בְדָמִים), ψ 119:101 (+ מִכָּל־); כְּלָאֵם (sc. מֵהִתְנַבֵּא) Nu 11:28; כ׳ שְׂפָתַי ψ 40:10; כ׳ אֶת־הָרוּחַ Ec 8:8. On ψ 74:11 v. כלה Pi. 2. 3. withhold, כ׳ אֶת־קִבְרוֹ מִמְּךָ מִקְּבֹר מֵתֶ֑ךָ Gn 23:6 (P), כ׳ רַחֲמֶיךָ מִמֶּ֑נּי ψ 40:12, Hg 1:10b, prob. also v a (read מָ֑ל for MT 𝔊 מִטָּ֑ל, We); abs. אַל־תִּכְלָאִי (sc. exiles) Is 43:6 (‖ תְּנִי).

Niph. Impf. וַיִּכָּלֵא הַגֶּשֶׁם מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 8:2 (J), and the rain from heaven was restrained, cf. וַיִּכָּֽלְאוּ מַיִם רַבִּים Ez 31:15 (in fig.; ‖ מנע); וַיִּכָּלֵא הָעָם מֵהָבִיא Ex 36:6 (P).

Pi. [Pf. כִּלָּא and] Inf. cstr. לְכַלֵּא v. כלה Pi.

† כֶּ֫לֶא n.[m.] confinement, restraint, imprisonment;—abs. כ׳ 1 K 22:27 + 6 times; sf. כִּלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29; Je 52:33; pl. כְּלָאִים Is 42:22;—confinement, in combin. בֵּית (ה)כ׳ (cf. Assyrian bît kīli, prison, Dl ^{HWB 328}) 1 K 22:27 = 2 Ch 18:26, 2 K 17:4; Je 37:15, 18; Is 42:7; בָּֽתֵּי כְלָאִים v 22 (cf. בַּיִת 1 (ε) (2) p. 109 supr.; v. also כלוא infr.); בִּנְדֵי כִלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29 = Je 52:33 garments of imprisonment = prison-garb.

† כלוא Qr כְּלִיא Kt n.[m.] id.;—בֵּית הַכּ׳ Je 37:4; 52:31 (v. כֶּלֶא supr.)

† I. מִכְלָה (incorrect for מכלא) n.[m.] enclosure, fold;—גָּזַר מִמּ׳ צֹאן Hb 3:17; pl. cstr. לקח מִמִּכְלְאֹת צֹאן ψ 78:70 (obj. David); pl. sf. לקח מִמִּכְלְאֹתֶיךָ 50:9 (obj. he-goats).—ii. מִכְלָה v. sub כלה.

† כִּלְאַיִם n.[m.] du. two kinds (Arabic كِلَانِ, كِلَا both; Ethiopic ክልኤ; two; perhaps also כלאי MI²³ both, two, Nö ^{LCB 1889, 61}, cf. Dr ^{Sm xcii}; Sm u. So ^{MI 1886} suggest reservoirs; v. also כְּלִי)—בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לֹא תַּרְבִּיעַ כ׳ Lv 19:19 not cause thy cattle to breed (in) two kinds; שָֽׂדְךָ לֹא תִּזְרַע כ׳ v 19 (H); לֹא תִּזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כ׳ Dt 22:9 (both כִּלְאָ֑יִם); בֶּגֶד כ׳ Lv 19:19 (H);—only in law of H and D against mixtures.

† כִּלְאָב n.pr.m. second son of David, 2 S 3:3 = דָּנִיֵּאל 1 Ch 3:1, v. דָּנִיֵּאל 1. p. 193 supr.

כלב (√ of foll.; meaning unknown; Thes regards כֶּלֶב as onomatop.)

† כֶּ֫לֶב n.m. ^{1 S 24:15} dog (NH id.; Ph. כלב; Aramaic כַּלְבָּא, ܟܰܠܒܳܐ; Arabic كَلْبٌ; Ethiopic ከልብ: Assyrian kalbu Dl^{HWB 328})—abs. כ׳ Ju 7:5 + 16 times, כָּ֑לֶב ψ 59:7, 15; pl. כְּלָבִים 1 K 14:11 + 12 times; cstr. כַּלְבֵי Jb 30:1; sf. כְּלָבֶיךָ ψ 68:24;—dog:

a. lit. 1 K 14:11; 16:4; 21:19^(×2), 23, 24; 22:38; 2 K 9:10, 36 (all of fierce, hungry dogs, devouring dead bodies and licking blood); cf. Je 15:3 and (לְשׁוֹךָ כְּלָבֶיךָ) ψ 68:24; eating torn flesh, Ex 22:30 (E), כַּלְבֵי צֹאנִי = my sheep-dogs, only Jb 30:1 (in both these with implied inferiority); dog-sacrifice was a heathen rite Is 66:3 (Di al.); v. especially RS^{Sem i. 273 (291), 325 (343)}; in various sim. Ju 7:5; Pr 26:11, 17 ψ 59:7, 15; in proverbial sayings: לֹא יֶחֱרַץ־כ׳ לִשֹׁנוֹ Ex 11:7 (v. I. חרץ); לְכ׳ חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ec 9:4.

b. applied, fig., to men, in contempt 1 S 17:43, so of psalmist’s enemies ψ 22:17, 21, or in excessive humility 2 K 8:13; still more emphatically כ׳ מֵת a dead dog, הַכּ׳ הַמֵּת 2 S 9:8; 16:8; also רֹאשׁ כ׳ 3:8; כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים Is 56:10 (of misleading prophets), הַכּ׳ עַזֵּי נֶפֶשׁ v 11 (id.); כ׳ was name given to male temple-prostitutes Dt 23:19 (v. Dr; cf. קָדֵשׁ).

† כָּלֵב n.pr.m. (Nab. n.pr. כלבא Eut (Nö) ^{p. 55}. כלבו Vog^{Nab. 6}; cf. also We ^{Skizzen u. Vorarbeiten iii. 217}; on כָּלֵב = dog-clan, v. RS^{K 17, 190 f., 219, 254});—son of יְפֻנֶּה (𝔊 Χαλεβ; cf. Lag^{BN 78}), called הַקְּנִזִּי (v. קְנַז) in JE, Nu 32:12; Jos 14:6, 14, cf. 15:17 = Ju 1:13, Ju 3:9 (where קְנַז is brother of כ׳), also 1 Ch 4:15; treated as full Judahite only in P Nu 13:6 (v. GFM ^{Ju p. 30 f.}) the one of the spies who (with Joshua) reported well of Canaan 14:6, 24, 30, 38; also 26:65; 34:19; Dt 1:36; Jos 14:13; 15:13, 14, 16, 18; 21:12 (P = 1 Ch 6:41) Ju 1:12, 14, 15, 20 (‖ with Jos 15); = clan of Caleb 1 S 30:14 (disting. from Judah). Caleb is called בֶּן־חֶצְרוֹן 1 Ch 2:18, cf. v 19, 42, 46, 48, 49, 50 = כְּלוּבָ֑י v 9; בְּכָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה 1 Ch 2:24, read perhaps בָּא כ׳, so 𝔊 𝔙, cf. Kau^AT (v. אֶפְרָתָה p. 68 supr.)

† כָּלִבִּי adj.gent. of כָּלֵב 1 S 25:3 Qr (Kt כְּלִבּוֹ).

† כְּלוּב n.pr.m.

1. a name in Judah 1 Ch 4:11, 𝔊 Χαλεβ (according to We^{Centib. 20, Hist. 218} = כָּלֵב בֶּן־חֶזְרוֹן; read also for כַּרְמִי v 1).

2. father of one of David’s officers, according to 1 Ch 27:26 (𝔊 Χοβουδ, A Χελουβ, 𝔊L Χαλουβ).

† כְּלוּבָ֑י n.pr.m. a son of Hezron of Judah, according to 1 Ch 2:9 (𝔊 Χαβελ, A Χαλεβ, 𝔊L Χαλωβι), = כָּלֵב v 18 etc. (see כָּלֵב 2).