שׁ

שׁ Šin, 21st letter (with שׂ); = 300 in postB. Hebrew.

שֶׁ· also (†Gn 6:3 [? v. 4 a], Ju 5:7^(×2) Ct 1:7 Jb 19:29 [?]) שַׁ·, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה †Ju 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא †Ec 2:22, שְׁהֵם †3:18 (elsewhere before gutt. שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי †Ct 1:6; Ec 2:18, שֶׁאֵין †ψ 146:3, שֶׁהֵם †Ct 6:5; La 4:9, שֶׁעַל †Ju 7:12; 8:26, שֶׁרֹּאשִׁי †Ct 5:2) rel.part. who, which, that, etc. (constantly in NH; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb^{371, 445}; Assyrian šâ; Ph. אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb^{227 f.}): according to Ges Ew^{§ 181 b} Ol ^{p. 439} Sta^{§ 176 e}, abbrev. from אֲשֶׁר; more prob. (Sperling [v. אֲשֶׁר], Kö^{ii. 323 f.}) an original demonstr. part.), syn. with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Heb., and passages with N. Palest. colouring, viz. †Ju 5:7^(×2) [אֲשֶׁר v 27], 6:17; 7:12; 8:26; 2 K 6:11 (v. 4 c), Jon 1:7, 12; 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 times], ψ 122:3, 4; 123:2; 124:1, 2, 6; 129:6, 7; 133:2, 3; 135:2, 8, 10; 136:23; 137:8, 9; 144:15; 146:3, 5; La 2:15, 16; 4:9; 5:18 Ezr 8:20; 1 Ch 5:20; 27:27, Ct (uniformly, except in title 1:1), Ec (68 times; אֲשֶׁר 89 times); also (dub.) Gn 6:3; 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗), Jb 19:29; and in the n.pr. (q.v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל.—In usage, שֶׁ· is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, viz.

1. as pron. who, which, whom, Ju 7:12 כַּחוֹל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (cf. חוֹל c), ψ 122:3; 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Ct 1:7; 3:1; 1 Ch 27:27; Ec 1:11; 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (vb.) is that which his days amount to (Hi De al.), v 10; הוּא שֶׁ· that which 1:9^(×2); in the genit., אַשְׁרֵי שֶׁ· †ψ 137:8, 9; 146:5.—On מַה־שֶּׁ· in Ec = whatever, what, v. מָה 1 e b.

2. as a connecting link; = where (cf. אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ· †Ec 1:7; 11:3 (cf. מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר Gn 39:20 +: Ges^{§ 130 c}), whither ψ 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם …), when Ct 8:8; Ec 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁם (cf. ib. 4 b a).

3. as a conj. (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8);— a. that, after רָאָה Ec 2:13; 3:18, יָדַע 1:17; 2:14; 9:5 Jb 19:19 (? v. p. 192b), דִּבֶּר Ec 2:15, אָמַר 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Ju 6:17; as subj. of sentence, Ec 3:13; 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is … that? Ct 5:9 (usually כִּי; v. מָה 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ· how comes it that …? Ec 7:10; (b) Ct 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (Germ. kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ec 7:14 עַל דִּבְרַת שֶׁלֹא יִמְצָא to the intent that …, 5:15 כָּל־עֻמַּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as …, 12:9 יֹתֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ· (עד שַׁ· †Ju 5:7) until that ψ 123:2; Ct 2:7, 17 + (v. III. עַד II 1 a a and b; cf. NH Yoma 5:1), while 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ· to make or cause that …, †Ec 3:14 (cf. Ez 36:27). b. involving a reason (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Ct 1:6^(×2); 5:2; Ec 2:18b. Hence שַׁלָּמָה †Ct 1:7 since why? = lest (v. מָה 4 d b).

4. compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ·, i.q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ec 2:16; also (according to MT 𝔊 𝔖 Hu De) Gn 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but v. שָׁגַג. b. כְּשֶׁ·, i.q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455:—(a) according as Ec 5:14; 12:7; (b) when (so often NH, as Ab 1:8^(×3), 14) 9:12; 10:3. c. מִשֶּׁ·, i.q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84a), 2 K 6:11 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kamp ^Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us? cf. 𝔊); Ec 5:4 than that (cf. מֵאֲשֶׁר 3:22), + 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; cf. 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁר לְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genit.: thrice, adding slight emph. to the sf., Ct 1:6 = 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (lit. my vineyard, which is mine), 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in NH, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיו שׁל־אהרן be of Aaron’s disciples, 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁל־מִצְוֹת, v 2, 3:2 הֲרֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁל־מלכות; cf. ܕܺܝܠ in Syriac, as Lk 6:42 ܡܶܠܱܵܝ ܕܺܝܠܝ my words, Nö^{§ 225}). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל lit. through that which belongs to or concerns, pleon. for on account of (a late, unidiom. transl. of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onḳ Gn 12:13 בדילי on my account, 30:27; 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Ju 8:1; 2 S 9:1; 1 K 11:12, 39, etc.), Jon 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? (‖ v 8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי: v. p. 84; prob. a gloss), v 12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (𝔗 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ec 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiom. transl. of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gn 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, 39:9 בְּדִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Heb. בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palm. בדיל די Ldzb²³³,—in Tariff 1:4 (Cooke^{N.-Sem. Inscr. 320}) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] v. [שׁוֹא].

† [שָׁאַב] vb. draw (water) (NH id., also attract; Aramaic שְׁאֵיב, of magnet; Arabic سَأَبَ be satisfied with drinking);—

Qal Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וּשְׁאַבְהֶּם Is 12:3; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁאַב Gn 24:20, -אָ֑ב v 45; 1 s. אֶשְׁאָ֑ב v 19, 44; 3 mpl. יִשְׁאֲבוּן Ru 2:9, וַיִּשְׁאֲבוּ 1 S 7:6 + 2 times; Imv. fs. שַׁאֲבִי Na 3:14; Pt. ms. שֹׁאֵב Dt 29:10, pl. cstr. שֹׁאֲבֵי Jos 9:21, 23, 27; fpl. הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת Gn 24:11;—draw water, c. acc. מַיִם Gn 24:13 (J), 1 S 7:6; 9:11, + מִן of source 2 S 23:16 = 1 Ch 11:8, Is 12:3 (fig.); מֵי מָצוֹר שׁ׳ לָךְ Na 3:14; מַיִם om. Gn 24:20, 43, 45 and (+ ל of animals) v 19, 20, 41 (all J); c. acc. אֲשֶׁר Ru 2:9 drink of that which the young men draw; Pt. fpl. Gn 24:11 the water-drawing women; m. שֹׁאֵב מֵימֶיךָ Dt 29:10 (servile labour, ‖ חֹטֵב עֵצֶיךָ), so mpl. Jos 9:21, 23, 27 (P; all c. ל, and all ‖ חֹטְבֵי עֵצִים).

† [מַשְׁאָב] n.[m.] appar. drawing-place of water; only pl. מַשְׁאַבִּים Ju 5:11.

† שָׁאַג vb. roar (NH id.; Arabic ثَأَجَ low, bleat, Frey);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְשׁ׳ Is 5:29 Kt consec. (>Qr יִשְׁאַג), שָׁאָ֖ג Am 3:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַג Am 3:4 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאֹג Je 25:30; Pt. שֹׁאֵג Ju 14:5 ψ 22:14, שׁוֹאֵג Ez 22:25, שֹׁאֲגִים Zp 3:3 ψ 104:21;— 1. roar, of lion Ju 14:5 (c. לִקְרָאתוֹ), Am 3:4, 8 ψ 104:21 (c. ל of prey), fig. of invaders and foes Je 2:15 (c. עַל pers.) ψ 22:14, cf. 74:4, sim. Is 5:29; Je 51:38; fig. of rapacious rulers Zp 3:3; Ez 22:25 (read נְשִׂיאֶיהָ for נְבִיאֶיהָ 𝔊 and mod.); of י׳ (like lion) calling scattered Isr. Ho 11:10^(×2) (on text of v. see Now); of י׳ roaring in thunder Je 25:30a = Am 1:2 = Jo 3:16, also Je 25:30 (שָׁאֹג יִשְׁאַג, sq. עַל־נָוֵהוּ); cf. יִשְׁאַג־קוֹל Jb 37:4 (‖ יַרְעֵם). 2. of human cry in distress ψ 38:9 (c. מִן causat.).

† שְׁאָגָה n.f. roaring;—

1. like lion, abs. שׁ׳ Is 5:29 (of invaders); of lion, cstr. שַׁאֲגַת Zc 11:3; Jb 4:10 (fig. of wicked), sf. קוֹל שַׁאֲגָתוֹ Ez 19:7 (fig. of conquering king).

2. human cry in distress, שַׁאֲגָתִי ψ 32:3, דִּבְרֵי שׁ׳ 22:2, שַׁאֲגֹתָ֑י Jb 3:24.

שֹׁאָה v. שׁוֹאָה sub שׁוא.

† I. [שָׁאָה] vb. make a din or crash, crash into ruins (perhaps akin to שׁוֹאָה (√ שׁוא) storm, devastation; > Aramaic ܫܗܳܐ be deserted, שַׁהֲוָוא, שַׁהֲוָתָא desert);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָׁאוּ Is 6:11 until cities have crashed into ruins; + perhaps Na 1:5 (p. 671^a).

Niph. Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁאֶה שְׁמָמָה Is 6:11, usually, and the ground be ruined into a desolation, but 𝔊 Lo Du Marti תִּשָּׁאֵר be left a desol.; 3 mpl. יִשָּׁא֑וּן Is 17:12 they are in uproar (of nations, ‖ יֶהֱמָיוּן), v 13 (but del. as doublet Du Che^Hpt. Marti).

Hiph. Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁאוֹת Is 37:26, = לַהְשׁוֹת 2 K 19:25 (Ges^{§ 23 f} Kö^{i. 570}, who follow van d. H. in giving לְהַשְׁאוֹת as Qr, but v. Baer Gi), to cause … cities to crash into ruined heaps.

† שַׁאֲוָה Kt, שׁוֹאָה Qr, n.f. devastating storm;—sim. Pr 1:27 (‖ סוּפָה). V. שׁוֹאָה, √ II. שׁוא.

† שְׁאִיָּה n.f. ruin;—Is 24:12 (late).

† שָׁאוֹן n.m. ^{Ho 10:14} roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar;—abs. שׁ׳ Ho 10:14 +; cstr. שְׁאוֹן Is 13:4 +; sf. שְׁאוֹנָהּ 5:14;—

1. roar of water (waves), Is 17:12 (‖ הָמָה), sim. of noise of invading host, so v 13, but del. Du Che^Hpt. Marti, as doublet; roar of this host v 12 (‖ הָמוֹן), cf. שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Je 51:55; of waves also ψ 65:8^(×2); of din or crash of battle Am 2:2 Ho 10:14 ψ 74:23; בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Je 48:45 (i.e. warriors); of battle in which י׳ beats down his foes Je 25:31, cf. Is 66:6; of gathering hosts Is 13:4; שׁ׳ זָרִים 25:5 (Du Marti, plausibly, גְּאוֹן זֵדֵים, as 13:11); read שׁ׳ also prob. (for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v.) 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29; in mocking appell. of Pharaoh (Necho), Je 46:17 פ׳ (𝔊 𝔖 𝔙) קִרְאוּ שֵׁם call ye the name of Ph. a Crash.

2. uproar of revellers Is 5:14; 24:8.—בּוֹר שׁ׳ ψ 40:3, pit of roaring (of waters? fig., cf. מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם 69:3, where also ‖ יָוֵן); Thes al. of destruction (v. √ 2), but against usage of שָׁאוֹן; > Du proposes בּוֹר שָׁוְא (cf. נָפַת שָׁוְא Is 30:28).

† שֵׁאת n.f. doubtful word; perhaps (for* שֶׁאֶת) din of battle (= שָׁאוֹן); Thes al. devastation, cf. שְׁאִיָּה; either meaning suits הַשּׁ׳ La 3:47 (‖ הַשָּׁ֑בֶר; but We^{Comp. Hex. 2, 351}, from II. שׁוא, desolation); contr. (according to Thes and most) שֵׁת, in בְּנֵי שֵׁת Nu 24:17 (J) sons of (battle-)din (warriors, = בְּנֵי שָׁאוֹן in ‖ Je 48:45); Vrss take שֵׁת here as n.pr.; Gray proposes שֵׂת = שְׂאֵת, pride, or reading as Je, cf. We^{Comp. 351}.

† II. [שָׁאָה] vb.

Hithp. gaze (appar. ‖ form of שָׁעָה, q.v.);—Pt. ms. הָאִישׁ מִשְׁתָּאֵה לָהּ Gn 24:21 (J) the man was gazing at her (Ges^{§ 130 a}).

[שָׁאט], שְׁאָט v. II. שׁוּט.

שְׁאִיָּה v. I. שׁאה.

שָׁאַל₁₇₀ vb. ask, inquire (NH id.; Assyrian šaʾâlu, Arabic سَأَلَ, Ethiopic ሰአለ: Sab. מסאל request, petition, Hom^{Chrest. 124} Levy-Os ^{ZMG xix (1865), 165}; Aramaic ܫܶܐܠ, שְׁאֵיל; O Aramaic Zinj. שאל Ldzb³⁷¹, Nab. Hiph. lend id.^ib.;—on שׁ׳ cf. Jastr ^{JBL xix (1900), 82 ff.});—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ju 5:25 +, שָׁאָ֑ל Ju 8:26 + 2 times; consec. וְשָׁ֫אַל לוֹ Nu 27:21; sf. וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consec. Gn 32:18 (Ges^{§ 64 f}), וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ consec. Ju 4:20; 1 s. sf. שְׁאִלְתִּיו 1 S 1:20, שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ Ju 13:16; 3 pl. sf. שְׁאֵלוּנוּ ψ 137:3; 2 mpl. שְׁאֶלְתֶּם 1 S 12:13 (del. 𝔊 Th We Dr and most), Jb 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּס־ consec. 1 S 25:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַל Ex 22:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁאַל Is 7:11 +, שְׁאָלוּנִי Is 45:11 (< תִּשְׁאָלוּנִי Weir Che al.), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאוֹל Gn 43:7 +; cstr. לִשְׁאֹל Ju 1:14 +, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁאֵל 2 S 3:13 +, fs. שֹׁאֶלֶת 1 K 2:20, 22, mpl. הַשֹּׁאֲלִים 1 S 8:10; pass. שָׁאוּל 1:28; 2 K 6:5;— 1. a. ask, ask for, acc. rei (vel pers.) Ju 5:25; 8:26; 1 K 3:10 ψ 122:6 (= pray for) +; שׁ׳ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת 1 K 19:4; Jon 4:8, i.e. pray for death, but Jb 31:30 demand the life of another בְּאָלָה by a curse; c. ל pers. 1 K 2:22^(×2) + (ל pers. reflex.) 1 S 12:17, 19 +; c. מִן pers. Ju 8:24 (acc. cogn.), Ezr 8:22; Zc 10:1 +; sq. הָבִין 1 K 3:11; sq. cl. שׁ׳ מָה אֶתֶּן־לָֽךְ׃ 1 K 3:5 = 2 Ch 1:7, cf. 2 K 2:9; c. acc. + מֵאֵת pers. 1 S 8:10 ψ 27:4 (from י׳) +; + מֵעִם pers. Is 7:11 (from י׳) +; c. acc. pers. (from whom) + rei †ψ 137:3; acc. om. Is 7:12; 2 S 12:20; 1 K 2:20; c. מִן pers. ψ 2:8; abs. Mi 7:3 ψ 105:40 (of prayer); הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל 2 K 2:10, i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing.—1 S 2:20 v. Hiph. b. specif. ask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e. borrow (cf. לָוָה, as matter of business, v. Bu 1 S 1:28), Ex 22:13 (E; acc. rei + מֵעִם pers.), 2 K 4:3 (acc. rei + מִן of source + ל pers. reflex.), 6:5 (pt. pass. abs.); so also (according to many), c. acc. rei Ex 3:22 (+ מִן pers.) 11:2; 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת pers.; all E),—it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; pt. pass. שָׁאוּל לי׳ 1 S 1:28 (lent, granted) made over to י׳ (in effect pass. of Hiph., q.v.). c. in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), c. acc. 2 Ch 11:23 Ec 2:10 (subj. עֵינַי); Pr 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָ֑יִן and there shall be none. 2. a. inquire of, c. acc. pers. + לֵאמֹר before inquiry Gn 32:18 (E), 44:19 (J) +; c. וְאָמַר Ju 4:20, וַיֹּאמֶר, etc., Gn 24:47 (J), Je 37:13; sq. וְאָמַר without acc. pers. Gn 32:30 (J), cf. 1 S 19:22, sq. לֵאמֹר Jos 4:6 (JE); c. acc. pers. + עַל rei Ne 1:2; עַל rei alone, Ec 7:10 (+ מֵחָכְמָה, i.e. prompted by wisdom); c. acc. pers. + rei (about which) 2 S 14:18; Is 45:11 + 4 times; acc. pers. + indir.quest. Ju 13:6; c. acc. pers. only, Ju 8:14; 1 S 25:8 Dt 32:7 +, inquire of beasts (acc.) Jb 12:7; c. acc. rei only, Je 50:5; c. ל pers. = acc. 2 K 8:6 (Kö^{Synt. § 289 h}); c. ל rei about which Gn 26:7 (J), 32:30 (J), Ju 13:18; 2 S 11:7; Je 6:16; Jb 8:8, also (+ לאמר before the inquiry) Gn 43:7 (J), and (sq. direct question) Dt 4:32; c. ל pers. about whom, Gn 43:27 (J), cf. phr. of greeting, שׁ׳ אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם Ex 18:7 (E) ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, cf. †Ju 18:15; 1 S 10:4; 17:22; 25:5; 30:21 [read וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ לוֹ 𝔊 𝔖 We Dr HPS Bu] 2 S 8:10; Je 15:5; 1 Ch 18:10; sq. direct question only, 1 S 17:56; Je 18:13 (c. ב loc.), sq. indirect question only (c. אִם) Je 30:6; שׁ׳ אֶת־פִי פ׳ Gn 24:57 (J); abs. make inquiry Dt 13:15 (+ דָּרַשׁ, חָקַר). †b. inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.}), sq. acc. פִּי י׳ Jos 9:14 (JE), Is 30:2, י׳ 65:1 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ); elsewhere in Hex only (acc. om.), Nu 27:21 (P; c. ל pers. for whom, + ב instr.), cf. Jos 19:50; also שׁ׳ אוֹב Dt 18:11 (pt. as subst.; Jäger^{BAS ii. 292} cp. Assyrian maššaku ša šâ’ili, i.e. skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, cf. Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 96 ff.}); c. acc. of human agent 1 S 28:16; Je 38:14, 27; usually (ancient usage, chiefly Ju Sm) שׁ׳ בי׳ לֵאמֹר (בְּ perhaps orig. local, so GFM, or instr.), Ju 1:1; 20:23; 1 S 23:2; 30:8; 2 S 2:1; 5:19 = 1 Ch 14:10; לֵאמֹר om. 1 S 10:22 (sq. direct question), 22:10 (ל pers. for whom), 23:4; 28:6; 2 S 5:23 = 1 Ch 14:14; Ju 20:27; שׁ׳ בֵּאלֹהִים Ju 18:5; 20:18; 1 S 14:37 (sq. direct question), also (ל pers. for whom), 22:13, 15; שׁ׳ בִּדְבַר הָא׳ 2 S 16:23; likewise שׁ׳ בְּעֵצוֹ Ho 4:12 (i.e. his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים Ez 21:26, בָּאוֹב 1 Ch 10:13; perhaps = receive as oracle Dt 18:16 (מֵעִם י׳), Jastr^l.c..

†Niph. ask for oneself (Ges^{§ 51 e}), specif. ask leave of absence, c. מִן pers.: Pf. 3 ms. + Inf. abs. נִשְׁאֹל נִשְׁאַל 1 S 20:6 (sq. inf.), v 28 (sq. עַד;? ins. ל inf. HPS); Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁאַלְתִּי מִן־הַמֶּלֶךְ Ne 13:6 (abs.).

†Pi. 1. inquire carefully: Impf. 3 mpl. + Qal Inf. abs. שָׁאוֹל יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ 2 S 20:18 (Bu proposes Qal Impf. יִשְׁאֲלוּ), c. ב loc.; on foll. context v. We Dr HPS Bu. 2. beg, practise beggary, Pf. 3 pl. וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ (consec.) ψ 109:10.

Hiph. (proposes let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): Pf. 1 s. sf. הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ לי׳ 1 S 1:28 I have made him over to י׳ (cf. Dr HPS Bu and Qal Pt. pass., ib.); perhaps also read 3 fs. הִשְׁאִילָה לי׳ 2:20 (whom) she hath made over to י׳ (for שָׁאַל לי׳) Bu HPS (after 𝔊 in part; other conj. in Dr); Impf. 3 mpl. sf. rei וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם Ex 12:36 (E) and they handed them over.

† שְׁאָל n.pr.m. with foreign wife, Ezr 10:29, 𝔊 Σαλουια, 𝔊L Ασσαηλ.

† שָׁאוּל n.pr.m. (= asked (of י׳), cf. שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל infr.; Palm. n.pr. שאילא Lzb³⁷¹ Cooke²⁸³);—Σαουλ:

1. ₃₉₇ 1st king of Isr., 1 S 9:2, 3^(×2), 5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 times Sm, 28 times 1 Chr, ψ 18:1; 52:2; 54:2; 57:1; 59:1 (all in titles); גִּבְעַת שׁ׳ Is 10:29 (and 1 S 11:4; 15:34; 2 S 21:6 v. II. גִּבְעָה).

†2. a king of Edom Gn 36:37, 38 (P) = 1 Ch 1:48, 49.

†3. a son of Simeon Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15; Nu 26:13 (all P) = 1 Ch 4:24.

†4. a Levite 1 Ch 6:9.

† שָֽׁאוּלִי adj.gent. of 3 supra: c. art. = n.pr.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Nu 26:13 (P).

שְׁאָ֫לָה Is 7:11 v. שְׁאוֹל 1.

† שְׁאֵלָה [i. שֵׁלָה] n.f. request, thing asked for;—שְׁא׳ Ju 8:24 +; sf. שְׁאֵלָתִי 1 S 1:27 +, שֶׁאֱלָתִי Jb 6:8, שְׁאֵלָתֵךְ Est 5:6 +, שֵׁלָתֵךְ 1 S 1:17, שֶׁאֱלָתָם ψ 106:15;—

1. request, petition, Ju 8:24; 1 K 2:16, 20 (both acc. cogn. c. שָׁאַל), Est 5:6, 7 (c. נָתַן = grant), 7:2, 3; 9:12. This passes easily into

2. thing asked for, 1 S 2:20, c. נָתַן 1:17, 27; Est 5:8 ψ 106:15; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ Jb 6:8.—ii. שֵׁלָה v. infr. אֶשְׁתָּאֹל n.pr.m., v. p. 84a.

† [מִשְׁאָלָה] n.f. request, petition;—pl. cstr. מִשְׁאֲלֹת לִבֶּ֑ךָ ψ 37:4 (c. נָתַן, of י׳); sf. מִשְׁאֲלוֹתֶיךָ 20:6 (c. מִלֵּא, of י׳).

† שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל n.pr.m. (I have asked (him) of God; on acc. cf. (late) ψ 137:3);—first son of Jehoiachin and uncle of Zerubbabel according to 1 Ch 3:17 (cf. v 18, 19); but Z.’s father Hg 1:1; 2:23; Ez 3:2, 8; Ne 12:1 (attempts at explan. in Be Kit Benz).—Σαλαθιηλ.

† שְׁאוֹל, שְׁאֹל n.f. ^{ψ 86:13} (appar. m. Jb 26:6 cf. Is 14:9, v. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 51}) Sh^eʾôl, underworld (√ dub.; שׁאל, i.e. place of inquiry (ref. to necromancy) Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 170, cf. JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.} (Jerem^{Leben n. d. Tode 109} ‘Ort der Entscheidung’); Thes Bö^{De Inf. § 158} Di al. cp. √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hollow hand, etc.; שׁ׳ then = hollow place, ‘Hölle’, hell; other conj. v. Hup Ps. 6:6; De Is. 5:14 Beer^{Bibl. Hades} in Holtzmann^{Festgabe, 1902, 15}; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ܫܝܽܘܠ; Assyrian šu-alu is dub.: so read and interpr. Dl^{Pa 121; Prol. 47, 145} Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 165 ff.} Ency. Bib.^s.v.; opp. by Bertin^{TSBA viii. 269} Jen^{Kosmol. 223 ff.} Zim^{KAT 3. 636} al.; v. also Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 169} and reff.);—always abs., שְׁאוֹל Dt 32:22 + 52 times, ה—ָ Gn 42:38 ψ 9:18; שְׁאֹל 1 K 2:6; Jb 17:16, ה—ָ Gn 37:35 + 7 times; + Is 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most);—

1. the underworld, שׁ׳ תַּחְתִּית Dt 32:22, מִתַּחַת Is 14:9; מִשּׁ׳ מָ֑טָּה Pr 15:24; ‖ מָוֶת 5:5; 7:27; Ct 8:6 ψ 89:49; whither men descend at death, Gn 37:35 (E), 42:38; 44:29, 31 (J), 1 S 2:6; 1 K 2:6, 9; Jb 7:9; 21:13; Is 14:11, 15 ψ 88:4, and Ḳoraḥ and associates go down alive by י׳’s judgment, Nu 16:30, 33 (J), cf. ψ 55:16; under mts. and sea Jb 26:6 (cf. v 5), בֶּטֶן שׁ׳ Jon 2:3 (cf. v 7); with bars Jb 17:16 (si vera l.: v. 𝔊 Du); פִּי שׁ׳ ψ 141:7; שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳ Is 38:10; personif. Is 28:15, 18 (‖ מות) as insatiable monster 5:14; Hb 2:5; Pr 1:12; 27:20; 30:16; as said (fig.) to have snares, חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳, ψ 18:6 = 2 S 22:6, cf. מְצָרֵי שׁ׳ ψ 116:3; opp. (height of) שָׁמַיִם Am 9:2; Jb 11:8 ψ 139:8 + (opp. לְמָ֑עְלָה) Is 7:11 (v. supra); dark, gloomy, without return Jb 17:13 (cf. v 16; 7:9; 10:21; 16:22; all being alike 3:17–19; 21:23–26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Ec 9:5, 6, 10 (cf. Jb 14:21, and v. רְפָאִים sub רפה; yet cf. Is 14:9 f.).

2. condition of righteous and wicked disting. in שׁ׳ (later than 1 S 28, especially in WisdLt): a. wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה ψ 9:18, יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ׳ 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away 49:15^(×2); שׁ׳ consumes them as drought water Jb 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) ψ 6:6 (cf. 88:6), Is 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing ψ 30:4; 86:13; Pr 23:14. In Ezek. שׁ׳ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Ez 31:15, 16, 17; 32:21, 27. b. righteous shall not be abandoned, לשׁ׳ ψ 16:10 (‖ שַׁחַת q.v.; opp. אֹרַח הַיִּים, etc., v 11, cf. 17:15), is ransomed from שׁ׳ 49:16 (cf. 73:23, 25; Is 57:1, 2); cf. Job’s expectation and desire Jb 14:13; 17:13 (cf. 10:21; 19:25 f.).

3. later distinction of places in שׁ׳: a. depths of שׁ׳ for sensualist Pr 9:18. b. שׁ׳ וַאֲבַדּוֹן Pr 15:11, v. אֲבַדּוֹן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֹר, q.v., when ‖ שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (ψ 88:4); prob. = pit in שׁ׳, > שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of postB. Judaism and NT.]

4. שׁ׳ fig. of extreme degradation in sin Is 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Ho 13:14^(×2) (cf. Is 26:19).

† [שָׁאַן] vb. Paʿl. (Ges^{§ 55d}) be at ease or at peace, rest securely (Syriac ܫܰܝܶܢ pacify, ܫܰܝܢܳܐ, Ethiopic ስንእ; peace);—Pf. 3 ms. שַׁאֲנַן Je 48:11, וְשׁ׳ consec. 30:10 +; 3 pl. שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּ Jb 3:18;—be at ease, secure, undisturbed by ill fortune: וְשָׁקַט וְשׁ׳ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד Je 30:10 = 46:27; 48:11 (of Moab); שׁ׳ מִפַּחַד רָעָה Pr 1:33; of rest from trouble, etc., in grave Jb 3:18.

שְׁאָן v. בֵּית שְׁאָן.

† שַׁאֲנָן adj. at ease, secure (Ba^{NB § 143 a} Ges^{§ 84 b k});—abs. שׁ׳ Is 33:20; pl. שַׁאֲנַנִּים Am 6:1 +, שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Is 32:9, 11, 18;—

1. at ease, secure: נָוֶה שׁ׳ Is 33:20 secure habitation (of Jerus.), cf. מְנוּחוֹת שׁ׳ 32:18 (‖ מִבְטַחִים).

2. as subst., one at ease, free from misfortune, Jb 12:5.

3. at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant, Am 6:1; Is 32:9, 11; Zc 1:15 ψ 123:4.

4. as subst. abstr. = arrogance: sf. שַׁאֲנַנְךָ 2 K 19:28 (‖ הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ) = Is 37:29, but < שְׁאוֹנְךָ thine uproar, Bu^{ZAW xii (1892), 36} Gr Che Marti Kit (perhaps), Bur. cf. שׁלאנן.

שׁאסיך Je 30:16 Kt v. שׁסס, שׁסה.

† I. שָׁאַף vb. gasp, pant, pant after, long for (so 𝔗 Jb 7:2);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְשָׁאַף consec. Jb 5:5, 3 fs. שָֽׁאֲפָה Je 2:24, 3 pl. שָֽׁאֲפוּ 14:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַף Jb 7:2, etc.; Pt. act. שׁוֹאֵף Ec 1:5;— 1. gasp, as a woman in travail, fig. of י׳, Is 42:14 (‖ נָשַׁם); pant after, snuff up the wind (acc.), of wild ass Je 2:24; 14:6; constr. praegn. וְאֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ שׁ׳ Ec 1:5 unto his place he panteth (comes panting), of sun under fig. of racer. 2. gasp or pant with desire ψ 119:131 (‖ יָאַב); pant after, be eager for, c. acc. Jb 5:5 (cf. צַמִּים p. 855b), 7:2 (‖ יְקַזֶּה), 36:20 (but obscure in context).

† II. [שָׁאַף] vb. crush, trample upon (‖ form of שׁוּף (q.v.), if pointing right, cf. Kö^{i. 439}; We Now read שָׁאפִים, etc., from שׁוּף, cf. Ges^{§72 p}; perhaps orig. pulverize by rubbing, but also appar. by pounding, stamping, treading, Levy^ChWB שׁוּף, Jastr^Dict. שׁוּף, שׁאף;—most make = I. שׁאף, but Vrss render as above);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. שְׁאָפַ֫נִי ψ 56:2, 3 pl. שָֽׁאֲפוּ v 3; Inf. abs. שָׁאֹף Ez 36:3; Pt. sf. שֹׁאֲפִי ψ 57:4; pl. שֹׁאֲפִים Am 2:7; 8:4;—trample upon, crush (the poor, etc.), fig., c. acc. pers. Am 8:4; strangely 2:7 (We Now Marti del. עַל־עֲפַר־אֶרֶץ, which Torrey^{JBL xv (1896), 152} expl. as old doublet, cf. 𝔊 𝔖; AVRV pant after the dust, etc., hyperb. for extreme avarice, cf. Hi Dr; but Dr thinks 𝔙 poss. original: crush the heads of the poor upon the dust [cf. Is 3:15], in any case del. בְּ after שׁ׳ crush); שַׁמּוֹת וְשׁ׳ אֶתְכֶם מִסָּבִיב Ez 36:3; ψ 56:2; 57:4 and (acc. om.) 56:3.

I. שָׁאַר₁₃₃ vb. remain, be left over (syn. יָתַר) (NH id.; 𝔗 שְׁאַר; Sab. סאר remaining Hom^{Chr 124}; Arabic سَأَرَ, سَىِٔرَ be left over, Lane, cf. Lag^{GGN 1889, 297}; Old Aramaic שאר remainder, Nab. שארית, v. Lzb³⁷¹ SAC¹¹⁰);—

†Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ 1 S 16:11 the youngest still remains.

Niph.₉₃ Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁאַר Gn 47:18 +; 3 fs. נִשְׁאֲרָה Jos 13:1; Dn 10:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁאֵר Is 11:11, 16, וַיִּשָּׁ֫אֶר Gn 7:23, etc.; Pt. נִשְׁאָר Gn 32:9 +, וְנֵאשֲׁאַר Ez 9:8 (read וְנִשְׁאָר Hi Toy Krae, וָאֶשָּׁ֫אֶר Sm; del. 𝔊 Hi Co Siegf Berthol); f. נִשְׁאָרָה 2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31, נִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת Ex 10:5; 2 Ch 30:6, נִשְׁאָ֑רֶת Jos 13:2, etc.;— 1. be left over (sometimes ‖ נוֹתַר) Ex 8:27; 10:19; 14:28 (all J), Jos 11:22 (D), Ju 7:3 2 S 14:7 +; in restrictive cl. לֹא נ׳ זוּלַת 2 K 24:14 there were left only, etc., לֹא נ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנִי בִּלְתִּי אִם וגו׳ Gn 47:18 (J); sq. acc. adv. (Ges^{§ 118 q}), or appos., Dt 4:27; Ezr 9:15; cf. נ׳ בִּמְתֵי מְעָ֑ט Dt 28:62 (Ges^{§ 119 i}); sometimes c. ב loc. Ex 8:5, 7 (J), Je 38:22 +; c. אֵת (prep. loc.) †Jos 23:7, 12 (D); c. מִן = be left from (of) †Ex 10:5 (J), Dt 3:11; Jos 13:12 (D), Is 11:11, 16; Je 8:3a (pt.; v b del. הַנּי 𝔊 𝔖 Hi Gf Gie Co), Ne 1:2, 3, נ׳ מְעַט מֵהַרְבֵּה Je 42:2; c. לְ to or for, †2 K 10:11, 17 (pt.), Zc 9:7; 2 Ch 21:17, הַנּ׳ לָכֶם מִן־הַבָּרָד Ex 10:5, cf. 2 Ch 30:6 and (ב loc. for ל) Je 21:7; c. בְּ, in, among, of, †1 S 11:11; Is 17:6; Je 34:7; 37:10; Lv 26:36, 39 (H; pt.), 25:52 (P; of years), even הַנּ׳ בַּדָּם 5:9 (P) the rest of the blood; c. עַל †1 S 5:4; c. inf. נ׳ לְרִשְׁתָּהּ †Jos 13:1 (D); = be left alive, survive, †Gn 7:23 (J), Ez 9:8 (but on text v. supr.); הַנּ׳ = the survivors, †Gn 14:10; 1 S 11:11; Ez 17:21; pt. as term. techn. = the (purified) remainder, remnant (cf. שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית) Is 4:3 (ב loc.; ‖ הַנּוֹתָר), 2 Ch 34:21 (ב loc.).—הַנּ׳ 1 S 9:24 is dub.; what is left over, in polite depreciation, Bu; read הַשְּׁאֵר HPS. 2. be left behind, Ex 10:26 (E), Nu 11:26 (JE); c. לְבַדּוֹ Gn 42:38 (J), cf. Is 49:21 Dn 10:8; of widow Ru 1:3, †מִן of the dead v 5.

†Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁאִיר Ex 10:12 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁאִיר Dt 28:51, 1 pl. נַשְׁאֵר 1 S 14:36 (Ges^{§ 48 g; 109 d} Kö^{p. 466 f.}), etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁאִיר Ezr 9:8, v. also infr.;— 1. leave over, spare, c. acc. Ex 10:12 (E), 2 K 25:22; Je 49:9 = Ob 5, Jos 11:14 (D), Ju 6:4; אֶסְלַח לַאֲשֶׁר אַשׁ׳ Je 50:20; especially לֹא הִשׁ׳ שָׂרִיד leave no survivor, Jos 10:28, cf. v 30, 37, 39, 40 (all D), so עַד־בִּלְתִּי הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ (sometimes c. ל pers.) Nu 21:35 (E) = Dt 3:3, cf. Dt 2:34; Jos 8:22; 11:8 (both JE), 10:33 (D), 2 K 10:11, and מִבְּלִי הִשׁ׳ לוֹ כֹּ֑ל Dt 28:55 (in all these read Inf. cstr. הַשׁ׳ v. Dr Dt 3:3; 7:24); c. ב, among, of, 1 S 14:36, ב loc. 1 K 19:18; Zp 3:12 (in both of preserving a pious remnant, cf. שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית), also 2 K 3:25 (Bur reads בָּנֶיהָ for אֲבָנֶיהָ, Kit אֲנָשִׁים, cf. Klo Benz); c. לְ pers. Dt 28:51; 1 K 15:29; 16:11; 2 K 13:7; Ezr 9:8; c. מִן, from, of, 2 K 10:14, מִן part. 1 S 25:22; 2 K 25:12 = Je 52:16; Je 39:10. 2. leave or keep over (מִן part.) till morning Nu 9:12 (P). 3. תַּשׁ׳ מֵאָה Am 5:3 the city shall have 100 left, cf. v 3. 4. leave as a gift, וְהִשׁ׳ אַחֲרָיו בְּרָכָה Jo 2:14.—We Now read וַיַּשְׁאֵר Mal 2:15, v. שְׁאָר.

† שְׁאָר n.m. ^{Is 16:14} rest, residue, remnant (= יֶתֶר, especially Is. and late; on form Kö^{ii. 1, 141} Nö^{Beitr. z. Sem. W. 30});—שׁ׳ abs. Is 14:22 +, cstr. Is 10:19 +;—rest, residue, remainder, of trees Is 10:19, silver 2 Ch 24:14, city 1 Ch 11:8, territory Est 9:12; שׁ׳ דִּבְרֵי שְׁלֹמהֹ 2 Ch 9:29 (יֶתֶר in ‖ 1 K 11:41, and usually in like phrase, v. p. 451 f.); of men 1 Ch 16:41; Ezr 3:8; 4:3, 7; Ne 10:29; 11:1, 20; Est 9:16; of Moab Is 16:14; Aram 17:3 (= last remnant), archers of Kedar 21:17; = posterity, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ וְנִין וָנֶכֶד Is 14:22 (of Babylon); שׁ׳ הַבַּעַל Zp 1:4, i.e. Baal, to the last remnant, vestige (so We al.; 𝔊 שֵׁם, cf. Schwally Now GASm); term. techn. = purified remnant of Israel (Gie^{Beiträge 37 f.}) Is 10:20 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), v 21^(×2), 22; 11:11, 16; 28:5.—וּשׁ׳ רוּחַ לוֹ Mal 2:15 is obscure; read וַיַּשְׁאֵר ר׳ לָנוּ We Now, cf. GASm.

† שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב n.pr.m. of Isaiah’s son Is 7:3 (= a remnant shall return, cf. 10:21; 𝔊 ὁ καταλειφθεὶς Ἰασουβ).

† שְׁאֵרִית n.f. rest, residue, remnant, remainder (= שָׁאָר);—שׁ׳ abs. 2 S 14:7 +, cstr. Ez 36:3 +, שֵׁרִית (Ges^{§ 23 f}) 1 Ch 12:39 (van d. H. v 38); sf. שְׁאֵרִיתֵךְ Is 14:30; Ez 5:10, -תוֹ Is 44:17, -תָם Je 15:9;—

1. rest, what is left, of wood Is 44:17, land 15:9 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), Je 47:4, 5; Ez 25:16; שׁ׳ חֵמֹת ψ 76:11 is difficult (Gr [cf. Che] proposes חֲמָת Hamath, Du אֻמֹּת tribes); rest of princes Je 39:3, of nations (= the other nations, Toy) Ez 36:3, 4, 5; of Israel 1 Ch 12:39 (van d. H. v 38), 2 Ch 34:9; Ne 7:71 (van d. H. v 72); = last remnant of people, Philistines Am 1:8 (cf. We), Is 14:30, Edom Am 9:12, Anathoth Je 11:23, Ashdod 25:20, Babylon 50:26, Amalek 1 Ch 4:43 (+ הַפְּלֵיטָה), Isr. 2 K 21:14; Je 6:9; 15:9; remnant left after catastrophe Am 5:15; Je 8:3; 24:8; 40:11, 15; 41:10, 16; 42:2, 15, 19; 43:5; 44:12, 14, 28; Ez 5:10; 9:8; 11:13; Hag 1:12, 14; 2:2; even וְשַׂמְתִּי אֶת־הַצֹּלֵעָה לִשׁ׳ Mi 4:7 (as promise, ‖ גּוֹי עָצוּם, cf. Gie^{Beiträge, 42 f.}); = survivors Je 44:7, הַשּׁ׳ מִן־הַחֶרֶב 2 Ch 36:20; = faithful remnant of Israel or Judah (term. techn. of proph., cf. שְׁאָר ad fin.), 2 K 19:4 = Is 37:4; 2 K 19:31 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה) = Is 37:32 (‖ id.), Mi 2:12; 5:6, 7; 7:18; Ezr 9:14 (‖ id.), Is 46:3; Je 23:3; 31:7; Zp 2:7, 9 (‖ יֶתֶר), 3:13; Zc 8:6, 11, 12.

2. remainder = descendants (= שְׁאָר Is 14:22): Gn 45:7, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ 2 S 14:7.

II. שׁאר (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian šêru, Pun. שאד, flesh, Arabic ثَأْرٌ blood revenge, so Sab. תֿאר, Sab.Denkm.^{No. 5, l.7}; perhaps orig. blood (cf. Je 51:35), Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 723} and Id.^{M 101}, who cp. Mand. תירתא = ܬܻܐܪܳܬܐ conscience, mind, etc., perhaps proposes midriff, cf. Hoffm^infr.).

† שְׁאֵר n.m. ^{ψ 73:26} flesh (perhaps orig. the inner flesh, full of blood, next the bones, cf. Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883), 107}, and בָּשָׂר = (orig.) flesh next the skin);—שׁ׳ abs. ψ 78:20, 27, cstr. Mi 3:3 +, sf. שְׁאֵרִי Je 51:35 ψ 73:26, etc.;—

1. flesh: a. as food, Ex 21:10 (HPS also 1 S 9:24, for הַנִּשְׁאָר), ψ 78:20 (‖ לֶחֶם), v 27 (‖ עוֹף בָּנָף); fig. Mi 3:2 (‖ עוֹר), v 3 (‖ id.), Je 51:35 (‖ דָּם). b. fig. for physical power ψ 73:26 (+ לֵבָב), Pr 5:11 (+ בָּשָׂר).

2. in HP = flesh- (= blood-) relation (i.e. one near of kin): שְׁאֵר אָבִיךָ Lv 18:12, cf. v 13; 20:19, also 18:17 (read שְׁאֵרְךָ for שַׁאֲרָה, 𝔊 Ew Dr-Wh; cf. Di Baen); + הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו 21:2 Nu 27:11; שׁ׳ בְּשָׂרוֹ Lv 18:6; 25:49.

3. = self, Pr 11:17 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).

שַׁאֲרָה Lv 18:17 v. שְׁאֵר 2.

† שֶׁאֱרָה n.pr.f. ‘daughter’ of Ephraim;—בִּתּוֹ שׁ׳ 1 Ch 7:24 (v. also n.pr.loc. אֻזֵּן שׁ׳ p. 25a supr.); 𝔊^b ἐκείνοις τ. καταλοίποις, but 𝔊L (cf. 𝔊^a) ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτοῦ Σαραα.

מִשְׁאֶרֶת v. p. 602a supr.

שֵׁאת v. שׁאה.

† שְׁבָא n.pr.gent. et terr. Sh^ebâ, in SW. Arabia (Sab. סבא DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 9}, סבא vb. = make campaign Mordt^{HI 72} or expedition Sab.Denkm.^{No. 12, 1, 5, 14}; cf. DSMargoliouth ^{HastDB sheba} F.B. ^{Ency. Bib. sheba} and reff.);—Sheba: מַלְכַּת־שׁ׳ 1 K 10:1, 4, 10, 13 = 2 Ch 9:1, 3, 9, 12; מַלְכֵי שׁ׳ ψ 72:10; famous for trade, רֹכְלֵי שׁ׳ Ez 27:22, 23, הֲלִיכֹת שׁ׳ Jb 6:19 (‖ תֵּמָא); yielding costly wares Ez 38:13, זְהַב שׁ׳ ψ 72:15, לְבוֹנָה מִשּׁ׳ Je 6:20 (‖ מֵאֶרֶץ מֶרְחָק, cf. foll.), paying homage and tribute to Israel in future Is 60:6; descended from (Yoḳtan and) Shem Gn 10:28 (J) = 1 Ch 1:22, from (Yoḳshan and) Abr. and Ḳeṭûrâh Gn 25:3 (J?) = 1 Ch 1:32 (i.e. a northern branch of Sheba, + דְּדָן, q.v.), but from כּוּשׁ Gn 10:7 (P) = 1 Ch 1:9; marauders, N. Arabia, Jb 1:15.

† [שְׁבָאִי] adj.gent. only pl. as subst., לִשְׁבָאִים (Baer Ginsb שְׁבָא֯יִם Jo 4:8 (‖ אֶל־גּוֹי רָהוֹק, cf. Je 6:20 supr.), > 𝔊 Me Now לַשְּׁבִי into captivity.

I. שׁבב (NH שָׁבב Pi. hew; Arabic سَبَّ cut, Aramaic (Talm.) שִׁבָּא splinter, cf. Mand. dim. שאבוניא Nö^{M 140}).

† שְׁבָבִים n.[m.]pl. probably splinters;—שׁ׳ יִהְיֶה עֵגֶל שֹׁמְרוֹן Ho 8:6 (cf. We; Vrss appar. conjecture).

II. שׁבב (Assyrian šabâbu, blaze, cf. Syriac ܫܰܒ burn, ܫܒܺܝܒܳܐ ray, flash (Lexx., cf. PS); Arabic شَبَّ is blaze up (cf. BA^{ES 50}), but ش = שׁ? (Another etymology in Ber Dn 3:22)).

† [שָׁבִיב] n.m. probably flame (Biblical Aramaic שְׁבִיב);—cstr. וְלֹא יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Jb 18:5 (‖ אוֹר); so Ecclus 8:10; 45:19.

שָׁבָה₄₇ vb. take captive (NH, Old Aramaic id.; Arabic سَبَا (سبى); Aramaic שְׁבָא ܫܒܳܐ );—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Je 41:14; sf. וְשָׁבָם (consec.) 43:12 (but read וְשָׁבָה Gie; Du conj. וְשָֽׁמְמוּ); 2 ms. שָׁבִיתָ 2 K 6:22 ψ 68:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁבְּ Nu 21:1 Je 41:10, etc.; Imv. ms. וּשְׁבֵה Ju 5:12; Inf. cstr. שְׁבוֹת Ob 11; Pt. act. pl. שֹׁבִים Is 14:2, etc.; pass. mpl. שְׁבוּיִם Is 61:1, fpl. cstr. שְׁבֻיוֹת Gn 31:26;—take captive: 1. a. c. acc. pers., Nu 24:22 (JE), 1 S 30:2; 2 K 5:2; 6:22 (+ ב instr.) Je 41:10^(×2) (but v 10b Gie reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, cf. 𝔊 Luc), v 14, Gn 34:29 (P), 2 Ch 28:8 (+ מִן part.), + 6 times; + Je 43:12 appar. c. acc. idols (but v. supra; acc. of land Gie). b. acc. חֵילוֹ Ob 11, הָֽרְכוּשׁ 2 Ch 21:17, cattle, etc., 1 Ch 5:21; 2 Ch 14:14. c. pt. in periphrast. conjug. (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) וְהָיוּ שֹׁבִים Is 14:2; pt. c. sf. = their captives, etc., 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36; Is 14:2; Je 50:33, + 5 times; pt. pass. Is 61:1 = captives; כִּשְׁבֻיוֹת חָ֑רֶב Gn 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword. 2. c. acc. cogn. שְׁבִי Ju 5:12 lead captive thy captives, cf. ψ 68:19 2 Ch 28:17, so (+ מִן pers.) Nu 21:1 (JE), and (acc. שִׁבְיָה) 2 Ch 28:5, 11; שׁ׳ שִׁבְיוֹ Dt 21:10 = take him captive.

†Niph. be taken captive: Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבָּה, of man Gn 14:14, of beast Ex 22:9 (E), of עֵדֶר י׳ Je 13:17; 3 pl. נִשְׁבּוּ, human subj. 1 S 30:3, 5; 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37; Ez 6:9.

† שְׁבִי n.m. Is 49:24 captivity, captives (coll.);—שׁ׳ abs. Ex 12:29 +, cstr. Ezr 2:1 +; שֶׁ֑בִי Nu 21:1 +; sf. שֶׁבְיְךָ Ju 5:12, שִׁבְיוֹ Dt 21:10, שְׁבִיכֶם Nu 31:19, etc.;—

1. = state of captivity, הָלַךְ בַּשְּׁ׳ Am 9:4; Dt 28:41; Na 3:10; Je 20:6; 22:22; 30:16 Ez 12:11 (+ בַּגּוֹלָה), 30:17, 18; Is 46:2; La 1:18, = הָלַךְ שְׁבִי v 5; בַּשְּׁבִי יָבִא Dn 11:8; נָתַן בַּשְּׁ׳ Ezr 9:7, נָתַן לַשְּׁ׳ ψ 78:61, לֻקַּח בַּשֶּׁ֑בִי Je 48:46; וַאֲשֶׁר לַשְּׁבִי לַשֶּׁ֑בִי Je 15:2; 43:11, וְנָשֵׁינוּ בַּשְּׁ׳ 2 Ch 29:9; בִּשְׁבִי instr. of judgment Dn 11:33; אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Je 30:10; 46:27;16 2 Ch 6:37, 38; phr. of deliverance (only Ezr Ne): נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Ne 1:2, cf. v 3, הַשָּׁבִים מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ 8:17, הָעֹלִים מִשְּׁבִי הַגּוֹלָה Ezr 2:1 = Ne 7:6, הַבָּאִים מֵהַשְּׁ׳ Ezr 3:8; 8:35.

2. act of capture, עִם שׁ׳ סוּסֵיכֶם Am 4:10 שִׂמְלַת שִׁבְיָהּ Dt 21:13 i.e. garb in which she was captured (> others captivity in both: Am 4:10 = your captive horses; Dt 21:13 her captive’s garb).

3. = captives (coll.): Ex 12:29 (J), Nu 31:12, 19, 26 (man and beast), Is 20:4 (‖ גָּלוּת), 49:24, 25 Hb 1:9 + Ez 32:9 𝔊 al. (v. שֶׁבֶר ad fin.); appar. fs. Is 52:2 (but v. שָׁבִי); object of שָׁבָה (q.v.) Ju 5:12 (> שֹׁבֶיךָ 𝔖 JDMich We Bu Now), Nu 21:1 (JE), Dt 21:10 ψ 68:19; 2 Ch 28:17.

† [שָׁבִי adj. vel n.m. whence] שְׁבִיָּה n.f. captive (cf. Rahlfs^{עני u. ענו in} Psalm., ⁶³);—שׁ׳ בַּת־צִיּוֹן Is 52:2b (Bev ^{JPhll. xvii (1888), p. 127} ingeniously, שְׁבִי הַבַּת וגו׳, cf. ‖ שְׁבִי v ^a, and, on הַבּ׳, La 2:13); read also שׁ׳ יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ v ^a (for שְׁבִי) Oort Bu Du Che^Hpt Marti.

† שִׁבְיָה n.f. captivity, captives (coll.), cf. שְׁבִי;—always abs. שׁ׳;—

1. state of captivity, Je 48:46 (of בָּנוֹת, ‖ שְׁבִי of בָּנִים); אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Ne 3:36.

2. body of captives, Dt 21:11; 32:42 (‖ חָלָל), 2 Ch 28:13, 14, 15; object of שָׁבָה, v ⁵ (שׁ׳ גדולה), הָשִׁיבוּ הַשּׁ׳ אֲשֶׁר שְׁבִיתֶם v ¹¹.

† שְׁבִית, שְׁבוּת n.f. id. (√ שׁבה 𝔊 Thes SS Preusschen^{ZAW xv (1895), 1 ff.} Krae Ez 16:53; > √ שׁוב Ew^{JBW v (1852–3), 216 f.; § 165 b} Ol§ ^{412, 417} Bö^{§ 464} Kue ^{TTijdschr. vii. 519 ff.} Oort^{Ib. xiv. 157} Schwally^{ZAW viii (1888), 200} al.; Kö^{ii. 1, 166 f., 474; ii. 2. § 329 i} thinks deriv. of שׁבה and שׁוב are confused, cf. Ew^{§ 166 b});—abs. שְׁבִית Nu 21:29; cstr. שְׁבוּת Ho 6:11 +, sf. שְׁבוּתְךָ Dt 30:3, שְׁבִיתְהֶן Ez 16:53a (v. infr.), שְׁבוּתֵיכֶם Zp 3:20 (read -תְכֶם Now GASm), etc. [MT has שְׁבוּת, etc. 16 times, + Kt (שְׁבִית Qr) Zp 2:7 ψ 85:2; 126:4 + Ez 16:53a (Gi, but Baer שְׁבִיתְהֶן Kt et Qr, v. his note), + Qr (Kt שׁבית) Je 29:14; 49:39; Ez 16:53 b, c + v d (but < read וְשַׁבְתִּ֫י for וּשְׁב֯יו Vrss Comm.), La 2:14; Jb 42:10; שְׁבִית Kt et Qr Nu 21:29, שְׁבִיתַיִךְ Ez 16:53 (but Co Krae שְׁבוּתֵךְ); שְׁבִית prob. earlier Ew^§; ^{186 b} al. ψ 126:1 read prob. שְׁבִית for שִׁיבַת];—

1. in cl. נָתַן בַּשִּׁבִית Nu 21:29 (JE) give his daughters into captivity (or as captives, ‖ פְּלֵיטִם of sons, cf. Je 48:46); cf. (perhaps) La 1:7 (v. [מִשְׁבָּת] sub שׁבת).

2. in phr. restore the captivity of, acc. after שׁוּב, הֵשִׁיב, י׳ subj. [vb. Qal Dt 30:3 + 15 times, + Ez 16:53d ψ 126:1 (v. supr.); Hiph. Je 32:44 + 5 times, + Qal Kt, Hiph. Qr, Je 33:26 + 2 times]: a. of Isr. (or Judah) Ho 6:11 (𝔊 joins to 7:1, so as gloss, We Now), Zp 2:7; 3:20; Dt 30:3; Je 29:14; 30:3, 18 (שׁ׳ אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב), 31:23; 32:44; 33:7^(×2), 11 (שׁ׳ הָאָרֶץ), v 26 La 2:14 (subj. proph.), Ez 16:53 a, c, d (on text v. supr.), 39:25 Am 9:14; Jo 4:1 ψ 14:7 = 53:7, 85:2; 126:1 (v. supr.), v 4. b. of other nations Je 48:47 (cf. v 46), 49:6, 39; Ez 29:14 (cf. v 13). c. appar. in more gen. sense, restore fortunes of Sodom Ez 16:53 b (Krae, cf. foll.). d. restore fortunes of individuals, Jb 42:10.

† שְׁבוֹ n.[f.] a precious stone (relation to above √ dub.; = Assyrian šubû; 𝔊 𝔙 agate);—Ex 28:19 = 39:12 (+ לֶשֶׁם, אַחְלָ֑מָה).

† שֹׁבִי n.pr.m. appar. Ammonite prince, וְשׁ׳ 2 S 17:27, 𝔊 Ουεσβει, 𝔊L καὶ Ζεφεει.

† שֹׁבָ֑י n.pr.m. in post-ex.. Israel Ezr 2:42 = Ne 7:45, 𝔊^B Αβαου (Ezr), Σαβει, A (Ezr) 𝔊L Σωβαι.

† שְׁבוּאֵל, שְׁבֻאֵל n.pr.m. son of Gershom 1 Ch 23:16; 26:24 (שְׁבֻ׳), = שׁוּבָאֵל 24:20^(×2), of Herman 25:4 = שׁוּבָאֵל v 20 (cf. Benz on these lists).—𝔊 in all usually Σουβαηλ, 𝔊L usually —βιηλ.

† [תִּשְׁבֶּה] n.pr.loc. (from above √?);—read prob. מִתִּשְׁבֵּה גִלְעָד (or תִּשְׁבֵּי) 1 K 17:1 (for MT מִתּשָׁבֵי) 𝔊 ἐκ Θεσβῶν (𝔊L Θεσσεβῶν) τῆς Γαλααδ, so Jos; Ew Th We Kmp Benz Kit Burney al.; home of Elijah; v. Kasteren^{ZPV xiii (1890), 207 ff.} cp. mod. Istib, in mts. of Ajlûn, so Buhl^{G. 257}.

† תִּשְׁבִּי adj.gent., אֵלִיָּהוּ הַתּ׳ 1 K 17:1; 21:17, 28; 2 K 1:3, 8; 9:36;—ὁ Θεσβ(ε)ίτης.

† I. [שָׁבַח] vb. Pi. soothe, still (Arabic سَبَخَ be free from care, etc., Jen^{ZA i (1886), 188; iv (1889), 268}, cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, grow calm, so Ba^{ES 9} Schulth^Lex.);—

Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְשַׁבְּחֶ֑נָּה Pr 29:11 he stilleth it, i.e. רוּחוֹ his temper (Bi Toy read חָשַׁךְ אַפּוֹ); 2 ms. sf. תְּשַׁבְּחֵם ψ 89:10 thou stillest them, i.e. waves (‖ גֵּאוּת הַיָּם).

Hiph. Pt. prob. Mass error for Pi. מְשַׁבֵּחַ) מַשְׁבִּיחַ שְׁאוֹן יַמּים ψ 65:8 stilling the roar of the seas.

† II. [שָׁבַח] vb.

Pi. laud, praise (late Aramaism, cf. Aramaic (incl. Old Aramaic) שׁבח, ܫܒܚ, Pa. praise; v. Schwally^{Idiot. 91} Schulth^Lex.);— 1. laud, praise God (י׳): Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁבְּח֑וּנְךָ ψ 63:4 (‖ בֵּרַךְ); Imv. fs. שַׁבְּחִי 147:12, mpl. sf. שַׁבְּח֫וּהוּ 117:1 (both ‖ הִלֵּל); his works, Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁבַּח 145:4 (‖ הִגִּיד). 2. commend, congratulate, the dead, Inf. abs. שַׁבֵּחַ Ec 4:2 (Ges^{§ 113 gg}; c. מִן comp.); mirth, as best thing, Pf. 1 s. שִׁבַּחְתִּי Ec 8:15.

Hithp. boast of (בְּ): Inf. cstr. הִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ ψ 106:47 = 1 Ch 16:35, 𝔊 (ἐλ)καυχᾶσθαι ἐν.

† יִשְׁבַּח n.pr.m. in Judah (?; cf. Lag^{BN 131});—1 Ch 4:17; Μαρεθ, A Ιεσαβα, 𝔊L Ιασαφατ.

שׁבט (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian šabâṭu, smite, slay, šibṭu, rod, sceptre; NH שֵׁבֶט = BH, also שָׁבַט beat (denom.? so Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 736}, but too sceptical); Sab. סבטם rod, blow, Sab.Denkm.^{No. 21, l. 5}; Aramaic שִׁבְטָא, ܫܰܒܛܳܐ = BH; loan-word in Egyptian demot. šbtë, pl.hierogl. ša-b-dï-y, WMM^{As. u. Eur. 89}; Lewy^{Fremdw. 122} cp. σπάθη).

שֵׁ֫בֶט₁₈₉ n.m. ^{Nu 24:17} (f. Ez 21:15, 18 but corrupt): 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe;—שׁ׳ abs. Gn 49:10 +, cstr. 1 S 10:20 +; שָׁ֑בֶט Dt 1:23 +; sf. שִׁבְטוֹ Ju 21:24 +, etc.; pl. שְׁבָטִים 1 K 11:31 +, cstr. שִׁבְטֵי Gn 49:16 +, sf. שְׁבָטֶיךָ Dt 12:14 +, etc.;—

†1. a. rod, staff (evidently common article), for smiting (especially הִכָּה בַשּׁ׳) Ex 21:20 (E), Mi 4:14; Is 10:15 (in sim.; ‖ מַטֶּה), Pr 10:13 +; שׁ׳ מוּסָר 22:15, cf. 29:15; for beating (חָבַט) cummin Is 28:27 (‖ מַטֶּה); as (inferior) weapon (opp. חֲנִית 2 S 23:21 = 1 Ch 11:23 (cf. מַקֵּל 1 S 17:40, 43); fig. of י׳’s chastisement: national Is 10:24; 30:31 (both ‖ מַטֶּה), 14:29, שׁ׳ אַפִּי 10:5, שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ La 3:1; individual Jb 9:34; 21:9 (שׁ׳ אֱלוֹהַּ), 37:13, 2 S 7:14 (שׁ׳ אֲנָשִׁים, i.e. not in-human), ψ 89:33 (both ‖ נְנָעִים). b. shaft, i.e. spear, dart, 2 S 18:14, but < read שְׁלָתִים, 𝔊 βέλη, Th We Kit HPS Bu. c. shepherd’s implement, club, ψ 23:4 (‖ מִשְׁעֶנֶת), רֶעֵה בְשׁ׳ Mi 7:14 (both fig. of י׳); used in mustering or counting sheep Ez 20:37 (fig.), Lv 27:32 (cf. Je 33:13), v. Mackie^{Hast.DB rod}. d. truncheon, sceptre, mark of authority, שׁ׳ סֹפֵר Ju 5:14, שׁ׳ מֹשְׁלִים Is 14:5 (‖ מַטֶּה), Gn 49:10 (poem in J; ‖ מְחֹקֵק), Zc 10:11 ψ 45:7^(×2) Ez 19:11, 14 (made from a branch, מַטֶּה); a ruler is תּוֹמֵךְ שׁ׳ Am 1:5, 8; as symbol of conquest Nu 24:17 (JE); שׁ׳ בַּרְזֶל ψ 2:9 (of Mess. king); שׁ׳ הָרֶשַׁע 125:3; שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Pr 22:8 (si vera l., cf. Frankenb. Toy).—Vid. מַטֶּה, מַקֵּל, מִשְׁעֶנֶת.

2.₁₄₅ tribe (syn. מַטֶּה q.v. 3, p. 641b), especially a. of (12) tribes of Israel, Gn 49:16, 28 (poem in J), Dt 33:5 (poem), Ex 24:4 (E), + often [JE 13 times, D 28 times (מַטֶּה not JED), P 9 times (cf. Gray Nu 4:18; מ׳ 150 times + in P); Ju 15 times (never מ׳) S 14 times (never מ׳), K 13 times (מ׳ 2 times), Chr 15 times (מ׳ 23 times), ψψ 7 times (never מ׳), proph. 16 times (מ׳ †Hb 3:9, very dub.)]; Ju 20:12; 1 S 9:21 read שֵׁבֶט (or שִׁבְטִי Ges^{§ 90 1}, We Sta^{§ 343 e} Dr, for שִׁבְטֵי), Vrss (GFM Ju); שִׁבְטֵי־יָהּ ψ 122:4; שִׁבְטֵי נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ Is 63:17. b. sg. of people (of Judah, late) ψ 74:2, but Je 10:16 = 51:9 del. שׁ׳ נ׳ Gf Gie Du c. of subdivision of tribe, שׁ׳ מִשְׁפְּחוֹת וגו׳ Nu 4:18 (P).—2 S 7:7 read שֹׁפְטֵי (cf. v 11, ‖ 1 Ch 17:6, Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu al.).

† שַׁרְבִֿיט n.m. sceptre (expanded from foreg., Ges^{§ 85 w});—only Est: abs. הַשּׁ׳ 5:2; cstr. שׁ׳ הַוָּהָב 4:11; 5:2; שַׁרְבִט הַוּ׳ 8:4.

† שְׁבָט n.pr. mens. Sh^ebāṭ, 11th month (post-ex.) = Feb.–March; loan-word from Bab. Šabâṭu (COT Ne 1^(×2) Dl^WB), Zc 1:7 (der. from šabâṭu, strike, kill, destroy (DlProl^{. 38; WB}), Lyon ^{Bib. Sacr. Apr. 1884, 384} Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 273} Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 171 f.} al., as month of destroying rain; another conjecture in Zim^{KAT 3. 594 n.}; this month called שבט also in Nab. Palm., v. Lzb SAC ¹¹¹).

שְׁבִי, שִׁבְיָה, שְׁבִית v. שׁכה.

שׁבל (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَبَلَ iv. cause to hang down, سَبَلَةٌ flowing dress; Assyrian šûbultu, šunbultu (Meissner), Arabic سُنْبُلٌ, سُنْبُلَةٌ (Ba^{NB 207}), Ethiopic ሰብል: Aramaic שֻׁבַלְתָּא, ܫܶܒܠܬܳܐ, all ear of grain).

† שֹׁ֫בֶל n.[m.] flowing skirt, train;—abs. חֶשְׂפִּי־שׁ׳ Is 47:2 strip off (thy) train.

† I. שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. flowing stream;—שׁ׳ abs. ψ 69:3, as test of dialect Ju 12:6 (cf; סִבֹּלֶת and GFM); cstr. שׁ׳ מַיִם ψ 69:16, שׁ׳ הַנָּהָר Is 27:12.

† II. שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. ear of grain;—שׁ׳ abs. Jb 24:24 +; pl. שִׁבֳּלִים Gn 41:5 +, cstr. שִׁבֳּלֵי Zc 4:12;—ear, Gn 41:5, 6, 7^(×2), 22, 23, 24^(×2), 26, 27; Is 17:5^(×2); Ru 2:2; Jb 24:24; transf. spike (Pusey), end of olive bough Zc 4:12.

† [שְׁבוּל, שְׁבִיל] n.[m.

† שׁוֹבָל n.pr.m.

1. Edomite name Gn 36:20, 23, 29 = 1 Ch 1:38, 40.

2. a. in Caleb 1 Ch 2:50, 52. b. in Judah 1 Ch 4:1, 2.—Σαβα(λ), Σουβαλ.

שַׁבְּלוּל v. בלל.

שׁבן (√ of following; meaning dub.).

† שֶׁבְנָא, שֶׁבְנָה n.pr.m. secretary and major-domo of Hezekiah; -נָא Is 22:15, 36:22; 37:2 = 2 K 18:37; 19:2; Is 36:3, 11 = -נָה 2 K 18:18, 26.—Σομνας.

† שְׁבַנְיָה(וּ) n.pr.m.

1. -יָה: a. Levites, (1) Ne 9:4, 5; 10:13, (2) 10:11; Σεβανια, Σαβανια(ς). b. priest Ne 10:5, priestly family 12:14 (𝔊L Σεχενια), = שְׁכַנְיָה v 3 (Σεχενια(ς)), and perhaps שְׁכַנְיָהוּ 1 Ch 24:11 (Ισχανια, Σεχενια).

2. -יָהוּ, priest, 1 Ch 15:24 (Σομνια, 𝔊L Σαβανια).

שׁבס (√ of following; meaning?).

† [שָׁבִיס] n.[m.] front-band (Mishn. id.; Levy^{NHWB iv. 498}; al. cp. Arabic شمس lit. a sun, of small glass neck-ornament We^{Skizzen iii. 145}; Heb. perhaps a dimin., v. Ges^{§ 86 note});—pl. הַשְּׁבִיסִים Is 3:18, in list of women’s finery.

I. שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה, n.m. et f. seven (NH id., MI¹⁶ שבעת; Assyrian sibi, sibittu (Dl^{Gr. § 65, 6}; s = שׁ), Arabic سَبْعٌ, سَبْعَةٌ Sab. סבע Hom^{Chr 47, 124}, Ethiopic ሰብዑ: ሰብዐቱ: Ph. (Pun.) שבע, Nab. שבע, שבעה, Palm. שבעא, שבעה; Aramaic שִׁבְעָא,שְׁבַע, ܫܒܰܥ, ܫܰܒܥܳܐ; on etym. cf. Lag^{BN 37 f.});—m. (c. n.f.) abs. שֶׁבַע Gn 41:2 + 115 times; cstr. שְׁבַע 5:26 + 47 times, especially P (15 times) and Chr (20 times), וּשֲׁבַע 1 K 14:21. f. (c. n.m.) abs. שִׁבְעָה Gn 4:24 + 100 times; cstr. שִׁבְעַת 7:10 + 120 times; sf. שְׁבַעְתָּם 2 S 21:9 Qr (so Vrss and mod.; v. Dr; > Kt שִׁבְעָתַיִם);—seven:

1. without other num.: a. שֶׁבַע, before n.fpl. Gn 21:28 (J), Ju 16:13; Is 4:1 + 80 times, especially שׁ׳ שָׁנִים Gn 29:18 (E) + 32 times (but read שׁלוֹשׁ for שֶׁבַע 2 S 24:13a, cf. v b, c, also 𝔊 and ‖ 1 Ch 21:12; so Th We Dr Bu HPS Now), שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים Gn 33:3 (J), Lv 4:6 (P) + 17 times; שׁ׳ בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּתּ 1 K 6:6; after noun Ez 40:20, 26; n. om. Jb 5:19; Pr 6:16, + (= שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים) Lv 26:18, 21, 24, 28 (H), ψ 119:164 Pr 24:16. b. שִׁבְעָה, before n.mpl. Nu 23:1^(×3) (E) + 40 times + Jb 42:13 (read שׁ׳ for שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Ges^{§ 97 c} and most); + (distrib.) שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Zc 4:2; after n. Gn 7:4 (J), Ex 25:37 (P) + 12 times (P Ch Dn Pr); n. om. 1 S 2:5 + 9 times, incl. שׁ׳ as ordinal, v. infr.; but read שְׂבָכָה for שִׁבְעָה 1 K 7:17^(×2) 𝔊 Th Kmp Klo Benz Kit Bur; also שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. = 7 each Gn 7:2, 3 (J); as pred. Gn 46:25 (P). c. שִׁבְעַת, before n.pl. Nu 23:4 (E), 8:2 (P), Ez 45:23^(×2); Jb 2:13^(×2) + 97 times, incl. שׁ׳ יָמִים Gn 8:10 (J), + 88 times + Ez 45:21 (read שִׁבְעַת for שְׁבֻעוֹת, Vrss and mod.). d. = ordinal, שְׁנַת (הַ)שֶּׁבַע Dt 15:9; 2 K 12:2 + 3 times, בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ Ez 30:20, cf. 45:20; לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים Gn 7:10 (J), 1 Ch 9:25.

2. †a. שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה 17 years Gn 37:2 + 3 times + 1 K 14:21 (וּשְׁבַע וגו׳), also as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ 1 K 22:52, בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ שָׁנָה 2 K 16:1. †b. שִׁבְעָה עֶשָׂר (sc. הַגּוֹרָל lot) 1 Ch 24:15; 25:24 (cf. also, + other num., 7:11 Ezr 2:39 Ne 7:42), + יוֹם 17th day Gn 7:11; 8:4; unusual is שׁ׳ שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכֶּסֶף Je 32:9 7 shekels and 10 the silver.

3. שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת = 700 Ju 8:26 + 39 times (but Ne 7:68 om. Mass. Baer Gi q.v.).

4. שִׁבְעָה אֶלֶף = 7000 1 K 20:30 + 2 times; שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים = id. 1 K 20:15 + 15 times; 57,000 is 7 + 50 × 1000 Nu 1:31; 2:8, 31.

5. שׁ׳ + other num.: a. שׁ׳ follows 18 times: (1) n. s. after שׁ׳ Ju 8:14; also, (= ord. num.) Ez 29:17 + 2 times, שְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וָשׁ׳ שָׁנָה 2 K 13:10, cf. 15:1; (2) n.pl. before other num. Ezr 8:35; Ne 7:[72], 71; (3) n. s. cstr. precedes בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים רָשׁ׳ 1 K 16:10, 15 (ordin.); (4) n. after each num. Gn 23:1; 25:17 (both P), etc. b. שׁ׳ precedes 10 times (P and Est): (1) n. s. after other num. Gn 8:14; Ex 6:16, 20 + 3 times Est; (2) n. repeated Gn 5:7; 11:21; 47:28, cf. 5:25, 31 c. 1000 + 17 Ezr 2:39 = Ne 7:42.—שׁ׳ often c. sacred signif.: Gn 21:28 ff. (J), Ex 37:23 Lv 4:6, 17; 8:11; 14:27 + (P); as round number Gn 4:24 (song in J), 29:18 ff.; 31:23; 41:2 ff. (all E), etc.; on bowing 7 times 33:3 (J; in great humility), cf. Wkl^{TelAm. nos. 143, 230, 246} Ne^{Mar. 11 f.}; all these prob. originating with week of seven days; cf. especially Kö^{Hast.DB number, 562 f., 565}.

† שִׁבְעָה n.f. pr. putei, Gn 26:33 (J); Ὅρκος; (explanation of name בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע.)

שִׁבְעִים₉₁ n.pl. seventy (irreg. pl. of שֶׁבַע Ges^{§ 97 f. R. 1});—not decl.:—seventy (often as round no., cf. Kö^{Hast.DB number, 563 a}):

1. without other no.: a. before n. s. year Gn 5:12 + 12 times, man Ju 9:2 Nu 11:25 + 7 times, shekel 7:13 + 11 times, other n. 5 times b. before n.pl. kings Ju 1:7, sons 8:30; 9:24; 2 K 10:1, brothers Ju 9:56, asses 12:14, palms Ex 15:27; Nu 33:9, males Ezr 8:7,14. c. after n. coll. (בָּקָר) 2 Ch 29:32, n.pl. Dn 9:24. d. pred. Gn 46:27. e. n. om. Ex 24:1, 9 (man), Nu 7:85 (shekel), cf. Ju 9:4

2. שׁ׳ אֶלֶף = 70,000 2 S 24:15 + 6 times.

3. + other num.: a. + unit + n. s. Ju 8:14; n. om. 70 + 7 (times) Gn 4:24, cf. Ezr 2:40 = Ne 7:43, so 2 + 70 Nu 31:38; n.pl. + 70 + 7 Ezr 8:35; 5 years + 70 year Gn 12:4. b. 5 + 70 × 1000 (man) Est 9:16, cf. Nu 2:4; 3:43; 26:32; 2 + 70 × 1000 31:33 (בָּקָר precedes); 70 man, 50 × 1000 man 1 S 6:19; 7 + 70 year + 7 × 100 year Gn 5:31; n. om. 3 + 70 + 200 Nu 3:46. c. 70 foll. hundreds: 70 year + 5 years Gn 25:7, and (n. om.) 70 + 2 Ezr 2:3, 4 = Ne 7:8, 9, Ne 11:19; + 3 Ezr 2:36 Ne 7:39; 5 + 70 Ezr 2:5. d. 1000 + 7 × 100 + 5 + 70 shekel Ex 38:25 and (n. om.) v 28.

שְׁבִיעִי m. שְׁבִיעִית f.₉₇ adj. num. ord. seventh;—m. שְׁבִיעִי Gn 2:2 +, שְׁבִעִי Ex 12:15 +; f. שְׁבִיעִית Jos 6:16 +, -עִת Ex 23:11 +, שְׁבִעִת 21:2, -עִית 1 K 18:44; 2 Ch 23:1;—seventh, especially P; always c. art.:

1. m. 7th day Gn 2:3 + 47 times; month (חֹדֶשׁ) 8:4 + 23 times + (n. om.) Ez 45:25 + 3 times; lot (הַגּוֹרָל) Jos 19:40 + (n. om.) 1 Ch 24:10; 25:14; n. om. also 1 Ch 2:15; 26:3, 5 (son), 12:11 (man), 27:10 (captain).

2. f. 7th year, 2 K 11:4 + 7 times + (n. om.) Ex 21:2; 23:11, also שְׁנַת הַשְּׁבִיעִית (Ges^{§ 134 p}) Ezr 7:8; sabbath Lv 23:16; time (פַּעַם) Jos 6:16 + (n. om.) 1 K 18:44.

שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Jb 42:13 read שִׁבְעָה Ges^{§ 97 c} and most.

† שִׁבְעָתַ֫יִם n.f. du. seven-fold, seven times (cf. Ges^{§§ 97 h, 134 r});—

1. 2, Is 30:26; Pr 6:31; as adv. Gn 4:15, 24 ψ 79:12.

2. seven times, adv. ψ 12:7.—2 S 21:9 read Qr שְׁבַעְתָּם v. i. שֶׁבַע.

† שָׁבוּעַ n.m. ^{Dn 9:27} period of seven (days, years), heptad, week (on format. v. Lag^{BN 67});—abs. שׁ׳ Dn 9:27^(×2); cstr. שְׁבֻעַ Gn 29:27, 28; du. שְׁבֻעַיִם Lv 12:5; pl. שָֽׁבֻע(וֹ)ת Ex 34:22 + 4 times Dt + (in term. techn.) 2 Ch 8:13; late שָֽׁבֻעִים Dn 9:24 + 4 times Dn; cstr. שְׁבֻעֹת Je 5:24 (Ez 45:21 read שִׁבְעַת with Vrss and all mod., v. שֶׁבַע); sf. שָׁבֻעֹתֵיכֶם Nu 28:26;—

1. period of seven days (from a given time), week: Dt 16:9^(×2); Lv 12:5 (P); of marriage feast Gn 29:27, 28 (E; cf. Ju 14:12 Tob 11:19); שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Dn 10:2, 3 three weeks, days (three weeks long); שׁ׳ חֻקּוֹת קָצִיר Je 5:24 weeks of statutes (i.e. weeks appointed by י׳) for harvest; term. techn. חַג שָֽׁבֻעֹת Ex 34:22 (J) feast of weeks (ending seven weeks of harvest), Dt 16:10, 16, 2 Ch 8:13, so שׁ׳ alone Nu 28:26 (P).

2. heptad or seven of years, late, Dn 9:24, 25, 26, 27^(×2).—שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ez 21:28 v. [שָׁבַע].

[שָׁבַע₁₈₆] vb. swear (prob., so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, cf. Thes (as altern.), Gerb ^{108 ff.}; NH Niph. = BH; 𝔗 שְׁבַע Ithpe. Aph.; v. also Dr Gn 21:28 Kö^{Hast.DB number, 565} RS^{Sem. i. 166, 2nd ed., 182} We ^{Reste ArabicHeid. 2, 186});—

Qal (according to Thes Rob Ges) Pt. pass. שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ez 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); 𝔊 𝔖 Co om.; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ew Sm שׁ׳ שָׁ׳ weeks on weeks (plenty of time).

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּע Gn 24:7 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁבַע Lv 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Gn 24:9 +; 2 ms. תִּשָּׁבִ֑עַ Dt 6:13; 10:20; 1 s. אִשָּׁב֑עַ Gn 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע 1 K 2:8; Ez 16:8, etc.; Imv. ms. הִשָּֽׁבְעָה Gn 21:23 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הִשָּׁבַע Nu 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Je 7:9; cstr. הִשָּׁבֵעַ Je 12:16^(×2) + 1 S 20:17 v. infra; Pt. נִשְׁבָּע Zc 5:3 +, etc.;—swear, take an oath: 1. subj. man: a. in asseveration, abs. Gn 21:24, 31 (E), Ju 21:1, 18; 2 S 21:2 +; also sq. וַיֹּאמֶר 1 S 20:3; 1 K 1:29, sq. לֵאמֹר 2 S 3:35; Jos 14:9 (D); c. acc. cogn. Nu 30:3 (P; ‖ נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Je 5:2; 7:9; Lv 5:24 (P; + עַל rei), Mal 3:5; + על־שׁ׳ Lv 5:22 (P); + לְמִרְמָה ψ 24:4; sq. inf. Lv 5:4 (P), ψ 15:4; 119:106; + ל pers. take an oath to, Jos 6:22 (JE), 9:20 (P; acc. cogn.) Gn 24:9 (+ עַל־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה) +, so also 1 S 20:17 (read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶל־ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶת־, 𝔊 𝔙 Th We Dr al.); oath of allegiance (לי׳) Is 19:18; 45:23 Zp 1:5; 2 Ch 15:14, cf. (abs.) v 15 (Jos 23:7 v. Hiph.); also sq. וַיֹּאמֶר 2 K 25:24; sq. לֵאמֹר 2 S 21:17; 1 K 1:13; Je 40:9; sq. פֶּן = that not Ju 15:12, sq. אִם = id. 1 K 1:51; + אֶל pers. sq. לֵאמֹר Je 38:16; + בי׳ by י׳, sq. inf. Ju 21:7; + בְּשֵׁם י׳ 1 S 20:42; Is 48:1, cf. Gn 31:53 (E), Dt 6:13; 10:20; Je 12:16 (+ חַי־י׳), Is 65:16; Zc 5:4 (לַשָּׁ֑קְר), Lv 19:12 (id.), ψ 63:12; Dn 12:7; + בי׳ sq. אִם 2 S 19:8; + ל pers. c. בי׳ Jos 9:18, 19 (P; pledge faith), sq. לֵאמֹר 1 S 28:10; 1 K 1:30; 2:8, 23, sq. כִּי of obj. cl. Jos 2:12 (JE), 1 K 1:17; + ל pers. c. בא׳, sq. אִם Gn 21:23 (E), 1 S 30:15; as vb. of quotation + obj. חַי־י׳ Ho 4:15 Je 4:2; 1 S 19:6 (+ אִם), + אִם in orat. recta ψ 132:2 (‖ נָדַר); also + בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים Je 5:7, בַּבָּ֑עַל 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Zp 1:5, cf. Am 8:14 (+ וְאָמַר). b. imprecate, curse, בִּ׳ by me ψ 102:9 (cf. שְׁבוּעָה 1 b, קְלָלָה). 2. subj. י׳: swear, c. בִּי by myself Gn 22:16 (JE), Je 22:5 (cl. כִּי), 49:13 (id.), Is 45:23 (id.), c. בְּקָדְשׁוֹ Am 4:2 (id.), cf. ψ 89:36 (‖ אִם אֲכַזֵּב), cf. also Am 6:8; 8:7; Je 44:26; 51:14; Is 62:8; swear, sq. inf. Dt 1:35; 4:21; Jos 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; v 43 Gi), sq. מִן inf. = not to Is 54:9^(×2), sq. אִם ψ 95:11, sq. לֵאמֹר Dt 1:34; Is 14:24; Nu 32:10 (P); sq. orat. recta ψ 110:4; c. ל pers. take an oath to, Gn 24:7 (J), Ex 13:11 (J), Dt 2:14 + 7 times Dt. (acc. cogn. 7:8; 9:5), Ez 16:8 (‖ בּוֹא בִבְרִית), ψ 89:4 (‖ כָּרַת בְּרִית), v 50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ), +; ל pers. + inf. (usually to give land) Ex 13:5 (J), Dt 1:8 + 9 times Dt, Jos 1:6; 5:6^(×2) (all R^D), Je 11:5 (+ acc. cogn.), 32:22; ל pers. + acc. rei (usually land) = promise by oath to Gn 50:24; Ex 33:1; Nu 11:12 (all J), 14:16, 23 (JE), 32:11 (P), Ju 2:1; Mi 7:20; Dt 6:18 + 8 times Dt (obj. covenant 4:31; 8:18); ל pers. om. Dt 31:21.

†Hiph. Perf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּיעַ Ex 13:19 + 1 s. הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Ct 2:7 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּשְׁבַּע Gn 50:25 + sf. וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Gn 24:37, etc.; Inf. abs. הַשְׁבֵּעַ Ex 13:19; 1 S 14:28; cstr. הַשְׁבִּיעַ 1 S 14:27 (20:17 v. Niph.); Pt. sf. מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ 1 K 22:16 = 2 Ch 18:15;— 1. cause to take an oath, subj. always man: c. acc. pers. Gn 50:6 (J), 1 S 14:27; 1 K 18:10; 2 K 11:4, + acc. cogn. Jos 2:17, 20 (J), + לֵאמֹר Gn 24:37; 50:5 (both J), v 25 (E), Jos 6:26 (J; acc. pers. om.), so (Inf. abs. + Pf.) Ex 13:19 (JE), 1 S 14:28, + וְאָמַר Nu 5:19 and (c. acc. cogn.) v 21 (both P), + inf. cl. Ne 5:12; Ezr 10:5; + בי׳ by י׳ Gn 24:3 (J; cl. אֲשֶׁר), 1 K 2:42 (‖ וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר), cf. Jos 23:7 (R^D; but read perhaps Niph. תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gr al.; 𝔊 del.), Ne 13:25 (cl. אִם, orat. recta), 2 Ch 36:13. 2. adjure, c. acc. pers. 1 K 22:16 = 2 Ch 18:15 (both + cl. אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Ct: 5:9, c. cl. מַה־ interrog. v 8, c. cl. אִם that not 2:7; 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = cl. מַה־ 8:4 (v. מָה 2 a (b)).—1 S 20:17 v. Niph.

† II. שֶׁ֫בַע n.pr.m.

1. in Benj., בֶּן־בִּכְרִי 2 S 20:1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 13, 21, 22; Σαβεε.

2. in Gad 1 Ch 5:13; Σεβεε, A Σωβαφε, 𝔊L Σαβεε.

† III. שֶׁבַע si vera l. n.pr.loc. in Simeon, בְּאֵר־שֶׁבַע וְשֶׁבַע Jos 19:2; Σαμαα, 𝔊L Σαβε; prob. del. וְשׁ׳ Di al. (om. ‖ 1 Ch 4:23).—בְּאֵר שׁ׳ v. p. 92a.

שֶׁבַע v. in cpds. אֱלִישֶׁבַע, (בַּת־שֶׁבַע), יְהוֹשֶׁבַע.

† שְׁבוּעָה, שְׁבֻעָה n.f. (Jos 2:17 read הַזּה Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 116}) oath, curse;—abs. שְׁבוּ׳ Jos 9:20 +, שְׁבֻ׳ Gn 26:3 +; cstr. שְׁבֻעַת Ex 22:10 +; sf. שְׁבֻעָתִי Gn 24:8, etc.; pl. שְׁבֻעוֹת abs. Ez 21:28, cstr. Hb 3:9 [Je 5:24 Ez 45:21 v. שָׁבוּעַ];—oath [as acc. cogn. c. הִשָּׁבַע etc. Nu 30:3 + (in rel. cl.) 5 times]:

1. of man: a. attesting innocence Ex 22:10 (E), friendship 2 S 21:7, promise 1 K 2:43 (after שָׁמַר keep; all שְׁבֻעַת י׳ oath to י׳); innocence also Nu 5:21 a; friendship Ne 6:18 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ לוֹ), promise Lv 5:4; of vow (‖ נדר) Nu 30:3, 11, 14 (שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר), Jos 9:20 (all P), Ne 10:30 (‖ אָלָה), Ec 9:2, of covenant with י׳ 2 Ch 15:15, שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים Ec 8:2 (prob. of oath of allegiance to king), שְׁבֻעַת שֶׁקֶר Zc 8:17; of threat Ju 21:5; 1 S 14:26 (𝔊 שְׁבֻעַת י׳); keep, discharge the oath is הֵקִים הַשּׁ׳ Gn 26:3 (J), Je 11:5; נָקָה מִשּׁ׳ be free, exempt from an oath Gn 24:8 (J), cf. Jos 2:17, 20 b. = curse, Is 65:15 and (‖ אָלָה) Nu 5:21 (P), Dn 9:11.

2. oath of י׳, in promise, Dt 7:8 (שָׁמַר in rel. cl.), ‖ covenant (בְּרִית), שְׁבוּעָתוֹ לְיִצְחָק ψ 105:9 = 1 Ch 16:16.—שְׁבֻעוֹת מַטּוֹת Hb 3:9 very dub.: AV oaths of the tribes; oaths, rods of the word, Hi-St.; sworn (pt. pass. שָׁבַע) were the rods (= chastisements) of (thy) word, Ges Hi RVm; heptads of spears Ew, cf. Da; text prob. currupt, Now proposes (אַשְׁפָּֽתְךָ) שִׂבַּעְתָּ מַטּוֹת thou hast sated with shafts thy quiver; Marti (after 𝔊^Codd.) thy bow was satiated with shafts Ez 21:28 v. √.

אַשְׁבֵּעַ n.pr.m. 1 Ch 4:21.

† [שָׁבַץ] vb.Pi. prob. weave in chequer or plaited work (NH שָׁבַץ ornament a vessel with a pattern; Syriac (lexx.). ܫܒܰܨ immiscuit, ܫܒܳܨܳܐ commixtio: v. also Lag^{BN 143});—

Pi. Pf. 2 ms. וְשִׁבַּצְתָּ֫ Ex 28:39 (P), and thou shalt chequer (or plait) the tunic (in) byssus.

Pu. Pt. mpl. מְשֻׁבָּצִים זָהָב Ex 28:20 (P), inwoven (i.e. set in a chequered or plaited mounting) with gold (-thread) shall they be (of gems).

† שָׁבָץ n.m. (meaning and connexion with above √ dub.);—אֲחָזַנִי הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 1:9 הַשּׁ׳ hath seized me, i.e. perhaps cramp; (Ew^{G iii. 147} Th Ke, cf. Dr); al. giddiness (Thes Klo HPS), as intricacy, confusion; Kit Bu Now leave undecided.

† מִשְׁבְּצ(וֹ)ת n.f. Ex 28:25 pl. chequered (or plaited) work, usually of settings for gems;—מ׳ זָהָב (i.e. plaited with gold-thread) for two gems on high priest’s ephod (P): Ex 28:11, 13; 39:6, 13, 16; מ׳ abs. 28:13, 14, 25; 39:18; מִמּ׳ ז׳ לְבוּשָׁהּ ψ 45:14 her clothing is of chequer work in wrought with gold; < Krochm Gr Che^Comm. פְּנִינִים בְּמִשְׁבְּצוֹת ז׳ לְבוּשָׁהּ (v. פְּנִימָה p. 819 supr.) pearls in plaited settings of gold(-thread).

† תַּשְׁבֵּץ n. [m.] chequered (or plaited) work;—כְּתֹנֶת ת׳ Ex 28:4.

שׁבק (√ of foll.; cf. Biblical Aramaic 𝔗 שְׁבַק let go, leave, so ܫܒܰܩ; Arabic سَبَقَ outstrip).

† שׁוֹבֵק n.pr.m. one of those sealed Ne 10:25; Σωβηκ, 𝔊L Σωβειρ.

† יִשְׁבָּק n.pr.m. son of Abr. and Ḳetûrâh, Gn 25:2; 1 Ch 1:32; Ιεσβοκ (B Σοβακ Ch).

שָׁבַר₁₄₈ vb. break, break in pieces (NH id.; Sab. תֿבר break, destroy DHM^{Hof.Mus., no. 1(×2). 26} Mordtm^{HI 74}; Arabic ثَبَرَ restrain, destroy; Aramaic תְּבַר, ܬܒܰܪ: Assyrian šabâru, break, break in pieces; Ethiopic ሰበረ: break);—

Qal₅₃ Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ 1 K 13:28; Is 14:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁבֹּר Je 19:11, -בּוֹר Is 42:3; 3 fs. תִּשְׁבָּר־ Pr 25:15, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁבֹר ψ 10:15, sf. שָׁבְרֵם Je 17:18; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר Gn 19:9 + 2 times, שְׁבוֹר Je 28:12; Pt. act. שֹׁבֵר Ez 4:16 + 2 times; pass. שָׁבוּר Lv 22:22, pl. cstr. שְׁבוּרֵי ψ 147:3;—break, lit., obj. earthen vessel Ju 7:20 Lv 11:33 (P), Je 19:11 (in sim.), cf. v 11 48:38; Is 30:14, flask Je 19:10, gate-bar Am 1:5 (in metaph.), bow Ho 1:5; Je 49:35, and sword Ho 2:20 (מִן־הָאָרֶץ), bone of lamb Ex 12:46; Nu 9:12 (P), and (in metaph.) Pr 25:15, cf. שָׁבוּר i.e. fractured of limb Lv 22:22 (H), yoke Je 28:10, 12, 13, and, in metaph., of deliverance (י׳ subj.) v 2, 4, 11; 38:8 (c. מֵעַל), + 4 times, of rebellion Je 2:20; 5:5, so staff Is 14:5 + 5 times, reed Is 42:3, arm of Pharoah Ez 30:21, 22, 24 cf. ψ 10:15; trees (subj. thunder) ψ 29:5; break in, down, door Gn 19:9 (J); rend violently (of lion), man 1 K 13:26, ass v 28; wreck Tyre (as ship) Ez 27:26; fig. break pride Lv 26:19 (H); crush (fig.) Is 14:25 (cf. Je 48:28 supr.), La 1:15; Dn 11:26; מִשְׁנֶה שִׁבָּרוֹן שׁ׳ Je 17:18; break, rupture, heart (fig.) ψ 69:21 + Ez 6:9 (v. Niph. ad fin.), שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב ψ 147:3; וָאֶשְׁבֹּר עָלָיו חֻקִּי Jb 38:10 broke for it my boundary, of sea, ref. to abrupt ending of mainland; = quench thirst (frangere sitim) ψ 104:11.

Niph.₅₇ Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּר Ex 22:9 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁבֵר Lv 6:21 +, 3 fs. וְתִשָּׁ֫בֶר Ec 12:6, 2 ms. תִּשָּׁבֵר Ez 29:7, -בַר֥ 32:28, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁבֵר Jon 1:4; Pt. נִשְׁבָּר ψ 51:19, fs. נִשְׁבָּרָה v 19, נִשְׁבֶּ֫רֶת Ez 27:34 +, etc.;—be broken, of neck 1 S 4:18, bones ψ 34:21, gate-bars Je 51:30, rod (in fig.) Is 14:21; Je 48:17, idols Ez 6:4, 6, horn Dn 8:8, cf. v 22, arm Jb 31:22 (מִקָּנָה), and (in metaph.) Je 48:25; Jb 38:15 ψ 37:17, cf. Ez 30:22, bough Ez 31:12; Is 27:11, cf. (fig.) of wickedness, like a tree Jb 24:20, other things ψ 37:15 Je 50:23; Ez 29:17 ψ 124:7; cisterns Je 2:13 (id.), pottery Lv 6:21; 15:12 (P), Ec 12:6 (in fig.); = be maimed, crippled (have limb broken), of animal Ex 22:9, 13 (E), and (fig.) Ez 34:4, 16; Zc 11:16, so (fig. of men stumbling) Is 8:15; 28:13; be wrecked, of ships 1 K 22:49 (read Qr נִשְׁבְּרוּ), ‖ 2 Ch 20:37, Jon 1:4, metaph. of Tyre Ez 27:34; fig. be crushed, destroyed (pers., warriors, kingdoms, etc.), Je 14:17; 22:20; 48:4; 51:8 + 10 times; fig. be broken, of heart †Je 23:9; Is 61:1 ψ 34:19; 51:19, cf. רוּחַ נִשׁ׳ v 19.—Ez 6:9 read prob. וְשָֽׁבְרְתִּ֫י (We Sm Berthol Toy Krae); Co בְּשָׁבְרִי.

Pi.₃₆ Pf. 3 ms. שִׁבַּר Is 21:9 +, שִׁבֵּ֑ר Ex 9:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁבֵּר ψ; 46:10 +, 2 mpl. תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּן Ex 34:13, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁבֵּר Ex 23:24; Pt. מְשַׁבֵּר 1 K 19:11;—shatter, break, tablets Ex 32:19 (E), 34:1 (J), Dt 9:17; 10:2; מַצֵּבוֹת Ex 23:24 (E; + Inf. abs.), 34:13 (J) + 7 times; images 2 K 11:18 + 3 times; bronze sea, etc., 2 K 25:13 = Je 52:17; horns Dn 8:7; jaws Jb 29:17 (in fig.); of hail shattering trees Ex 9:25 (J), cf. 1 K 19:11; elsewhere subj. י׳, shattering gate-bars, etc., weapons Is 45:2; 38:13; La 2:9; 3:4 ψ 46:10; 76:4; 107:16, trees 29:5; 105:33, heads of תַּנִּינִים 74:13; wrecking ships 48:8.

†Hiph. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth, Impf. 1 s. הַאֲנִי אַשְׁבִּיר וְלֹא אוֹלִיד Is 66:9 (י׳ subj.; cf. מַשְׁבֵּר infr.).

†Hoph. be broken, shattered (in heart), Pf. 1 s. עַל־שֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי הָשְׁבַּ֑רְתִּי Je 8:21.

† I. שֶׁ֫בֶר, שֵׁ֫בֶר n.m. ^{Je 4:5} breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash;—abs. שֶׁבֶר Is 51:19 +, שָׁ֑בֶר La 3:47; Pr 17;19, cstr. שֶׁבֶר Is 1:28 +, שֵׁבֶר Am 6:6 +; sf. שִׁבְרִי Je 10:19, etc.; pl. שְׁבָרִים Jos 7:5 Jb 41:17 (dub., v. infr.), sf. שְׁכָרֶיהָ ψ 60:4;—

1. breaking of pottery Is 30:14, fracture of member, limb Lv 21:19; 24:20 (H), especially fig. of people personif. שׁ׳ יוֹסֵף Am 6:6, cf. Is 30:26 (‖ מַחַץ מַכָּתוֹ), Je 8:21; 10:19; 14:17; 30:12 (‖ מַכָּה), v 15 (‖ מַכְאֹב), La 2:11; 3:48; 4:10, also (c. רפא, רפה heal) Je 6:14; 8:11 La 2:13 ψ 60:4, cf. Na 3:19; of sinners Is 1:28; shattering, crushing, of wall (in fig.) Is 30:13; שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל (‖ רָעָה) Je 4:6; 6:1, שׁ׳ עַל־שׁ׳ 4:20; שֹׁד וָשׁ׳ Is 59:7; 60:18; Je 48:3, cf. Is 51:19; הַשֵּׁאת וְהַשּׁ׳ La 3:47; זַעֲקַת שׁ׳ Is 15:5, cf. Je 48:5; of individ. Pr 16:18; 17:19; 18:12; fig., שׁ׳ רוּחַ of spirit Is 65:14, cf. Pr 15:4; so (רוּחַ om.) מִשְּׁבָרִים Jb 41:17 from terror, Di De, cf. Bi, but dub.; Buhl Bu conj. מִשְׁבְּרֵי יָם, Gie מִשִּׁנָּיו גִּבֹּרִים, Du מִשְׁמָרִים.

2. crashing, Zp 1:10 (‖ קוֹל צְעָקָה, יְלָלָה), Je 50:22 (‖ מִלְחָמָה), 51:54 (‖ קוֹל זְעָקָה).

3. breaking of a dream, i.e. its interpretation (solution of mystery) Ju 7:15 (cf. GFM).

4. הַשְּׁבָרִים Jos 7:5, perhaps (Di Benn Steuern) the quarries, as n.pr.loc., 𝔙 Sabarim (< 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 הִשָּֽׁבְרָם).—שִׁבְרִי Ez 32:9, read שִׁבְיְךָ 𝔊 Co Sta Berthol Krae (not Toy).

† II. שֶׁ֫בֶר n.pr.m. a Calebite 1 Ch 2:48; Σαβερ, A Σεβερ, 𝔊L Σαβαρ.

שָׁבוּר Lv 22:22 v. √ Qal.

† שִׁבָּרוֹן n.[m.] breaking, crushing;—fig.; cstr. שִׁבְרוֹן מָתְנַיִם Ez 21:11 (emotional distress; ‖ מְרִירוּת), read שִׁבָּ׳ also (for MT שִׁכָּרוֹן) 23:33 Co Berthol Krae; crushing of opponents Je 17:18.

† מַשְׁבֵּר, מִשְׁבָּר n.[m.] breach, i.e. mouth of womb;—בָּאוּ בָנִים עַד־מַשְׁבֵּר וְכֹחַ אַיִן לְלֵדָה 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3 (fig. of helplessness); cstr. בָּנִים מִשְׁבַּר Ho 13:13 (fig. of opportunity).

† [מִשְׁבָּר] n.[m.] breaker, of sea;—pl. cstr. מִשְׁבְּרֵי־יָם ψ 93:4 (‖ קֹלוֹת מַיִם רַבִּים; in comp. of י׳’s majesty); fig. of calamities, מִשְׁבְּרֵי־מָוֶת 2 S 22:5 (חֶבְלֵי־מָוֶת in ‖ ψ 18:5); as sent by י׳, מִשְׁבָּרֶיךָ ψ 88:8, מ׳ וְגַלֶּיךָ 42:8 Jon 2:4.—Jb 41:17 v. i. שֶׁבֶר.

† III. שֶׁ֫בֶר n.[m.] corn, grain, as food stuff (perhaps broken, i.e. threshed, Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883), 122} SS Siegf Ne 10:32; > Kö^{ii. 1, 19 n} breaking out, i.e. sprouting (as chief fruit of soil); hence NH שִׁבָּרוֹן price of corn);—שׁ׳ abs. Gn 42:1 +; cstr. v 19; sf. שִׁבְרָם v 26, שִׁבְרוֹ 44:2;—corn, grain 42:1, 2, 19, 26; 43:2; 44:2; 47:14 (acc. cogn.), Am 8:5 (id.); so perhaps (for בָּר) Gn 42:3 Lag^{BN 230}; כָּל־שׁ׳ Ne 10:32 all kinds of grain.

† [שָׁבַר] vb.denom. buy grain;—

Qal Impf. 2 mpl. תִּשְׁבְּרוּ Dt 2:6, 1 pl. נִשְׁבְּרָה Gn 43:4; Imv. mpl. שִׁבְרוּ 42:2 +; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר v 3 +, לִשְׁבָּר־ v 7 +; Pt. mpl. שֹׁבְרִים 47:14;—buy grain for food Gn 41:57 (v 56 v. Hiph.), 42:2 (שֶׁבֶר in v a), v 5; c. acc. אֹכֶל v 7, 10; 43:2, 4, 20, 22; 44:25; Dt 2:6 (מִן pers.); c. acc. בָּר Gn 42:3, שֶׁבֶר 47:14; fig. Is 55:1, c. acc. יַיִן וְחָלָב v 1.

Hiph. Impf. 1 pl. נַשְׁבִּיר Am 8:6 etc.; Pt. מַשְׁבִּיר Gn 42:6 Pr 11:26;—sell grain (proposes cause to buy grain), c. ל pers. Gn 42:6 + 41:56 (read וַיַּשְׁבֵּר for MT וַיִּשְׁבֹּר Ol Di Gunk), c. acc. שֶׁבֶר Am 8:5, מַפַּל בָּר v 6, cf. Pr 11:26; c. sf. pers. + acc. אֹכֶל + ב pret. Dt 2:28.

שָׁבַת₇₁ vb. cease, desist, rest (Assyrian šabâtu, prob. cease, be completed Dl^WB Zim^{KAT3. 593} (Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 277 f.} is sceptical); Arabic سَبَتَ cut off, interrupt; NH has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aramaic שִׁבְתָּא cost of neglect);—

Qal₂₇ Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Gn 2:3 +; 3 pl. שָׁבָ֑תוּ La 5:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁבּוֹת Ho 7:4; יִשְׁבֹּת Pr 22:10 + 2 times; 3 fs. תִּשְׁבֹּת Lv 26:35; תִּשְׁבַּת v 34 Ne 6:3 +, etc.;— 1. cease: (abs. 13 times) of seasons Gn 8:22 (J); manna Jos 5:12 (P), etc., Is 14:4^(×2) Ne 6:3 +; c. מִן Ho 7:4 + 3 times 2. desist from labour, rest: a. c. מִן (of God) Gn 2:2, 3 (P) b. מִן om., ב temp. Ex 23:12 (E), 16:30; 34:21 (J), 31:17 (P); בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר שׁ׳ 34:21 (J.; i.e., even in these busy seasons). c. land in 7th year Lv 26:34, 35^(×2) (H), 2 Ch 36:21.—Lv 23:32; 25:2 v. [שָׁבַת] vb. denom. Infr.

†Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּת Is 17:3 + 2 times; pl. נִשְׁבְּתוּ Ez 6:6;—cease: abs. Ez 6:6; 30:18; 33:28; c. מִן Is 17:3.

Hiph.₄₀ Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּית Ru 4:14 +; 2 ms. הִשְּׁבַּתָּ ψ 89:45; 119:119, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁבִּית Pr 18:18 Dn 9:27; וַיַּשְׁבֵּת 2 K 23:11 2 Ch 16:5, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁבִּית ψ 8:3; לַשְׁבִּית Am 8:4 (Ges^{§ 53 q}); Imv. mpl. הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Is 30:11; Pt. מַשְׁבִּית Je 16:9 ψ 46:10;— 1. cause to cease, put an end to: c. acc. mirth Ho 2:13, work 2 Ch 16:5; Ne 4:5; sacrifice Dn 9:27; war ψ 46:10, cf. Is 13:11; Ez 7:24; Pr 18:18 + 6 times, + הִשׁ׳ קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן מִן Je 7:34; 16:9, cf. 48:33. 2. = exterminate, destroy: c. acc. 2 K 23:5, 11; Am 8:4 (Now conj. העשׁקים), Ho 1:4 ψ 8:3; 119:119; c. acc. + מִן, Je 36:29, מִן הָאָרֶץ Lv 26:6 (H), Ez 34:25; אלילים 30:13; Dt 32:26. 3. cause to desist from: c. מִן Ez 16:41; 34:10; Ex 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי inf. Jos 22:25 (P). 4. remove (= הֵסִיר מִן: c. מִן Ez 23:27, 48 ψ 89:45 (text dub.: read הִשְׁבַּתּוֹ [3] 𝔊 Du; מַטֵּה הֹדוֹ Herz Che, v. also sub מֳהָר); leaven מבתים Ex 12:15 (P); הַשׁ׳ אֶח־ק׳ ישׂר׳ מִפָּנֵינוּ Is 30:11. 5. cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מֵעַל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ Lv 2:13 (P); acc. pers. + ל pers. Je 48:35; Ru 4:14. I. שֶׁבֶת v. ישׁב.

† II. שֶׁ֫בֶת n.f. cessation (dub.) Pr 20:3 (c. מֵרִיב, 𝔊 ἀποστρέφεσθαι = שׁוּב); שִׁבְתּוֹ Ex 21:19 i.e. from work = his loss of time (but Di i. שֶׁבֶת, p. 443 f.).—Is 30:7 perhaps = a sitting still (indolently) √ ישׁב, but prob. crpt., v. Du Che al.

שַׁבָּת₁₁₁ n.f. ^{Ex 31:14 +} m. ^{Is 56:2, 6; 66:23}, (under infl. of יוֹם in freq. יוֹם הַשּׁ׳, Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 47}) Sabbath (= ת + שׁבת; NH שַׁבָּת, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא, ܫܰܒܬܳܐ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (‖ ûm nûḫ libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lex. tablets); cf. Lotz ^{Quaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883} Jen ^{ZA iv (1869), 274 ff.} (doubts connexion of Assyrian word with Heb. Sabbath) Id ^{S. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f.} Muss-Arn ^{JBL xi (1892), 93} Schwally ^{Idiot. 127}; v. (more recently) Jastr^{Am. J. Theol. ii (1898), 312 ff.} Toy ^{TBL xviii (1899), 190 ff.} Dr ^{Hast DB Sabbath (1902)} Zim ^{KAT3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff.} [15th day of month so called] ^{458 ff.});—abs. שׁ׳ Ex 16:25 + 64 times; cstr. שַׁבַּת v 23 + 10 times; sf. שַׁבַּתּוֹ Nu 28:10 + 3 times sf.; pl. שַׁבָּתוֹת Lv 23:15 + 7 times; cstr. שַׁבְּתֹת v 38 25:8^(×2); sf. שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Is 56:4 +, etc.;—

1. sabbath: a. primitive שׁ׳ ליהוה Ex 16:25 (J), 20:10 = Dt 5:14 (ten words) Lv 23:3 (P); הַשּׁ׳ Ex 16:29 (J); בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שׁ׳ Ex 16:26 (J); on seventh day יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת 20:8, 11 = Dt 5:12, 15 (ten words), so throughout; Ex 31:15 + 3 times P, Je 17:21; Ez 46:4; Ne 10:32 + 9 times, + (‖ new moon) Is 1:13; Ez 46:1; 2 K 4:23; Am 8:5, cf. Is 66:23^(×2), also חג and מועד Ho 2:13; time of change of watch in temple 2 K 11:5, 7, 9^(×2) = 2 Ch 23:4, 8^(×2); מיסך הַשּׁ׳ (in temple) 2 K 16:18; orig. observed simply by abstinence from labour Ex 20:9, 10 = Dt 5:12–14; Ex 23:12 (E), 34:21 (J; Br ^{Hex. 181–195}). b. Deut. reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Dt 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֹ v 12 = Ex 20:8; קדּשׁ יום השׁ׳ Je 17:22, 24, 27 (especially no load carried), Ez 20:20; 44:24. c. intensified by antith. חלּל שׁ׳ Ez 20:13 + 5 times Ez, cf. Ne 13:18. Phrases in H: שׁמר (ה)שׁ׳ Lv 19:3, 30; 26:2, then P Ex 31:13, 14, 16; cf. Is 56:2, 4, 6; יוֹם קָדְשִׁי, קדושׁ י׳: 58:13^(×2) (c. כבּד). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם Lv 26:35; סִמָּחְֽרַת הַשּׁ׳ 23:11, 15, 16; שַׁבְּתוֹתַי 19:3, 30; 26:2; Is 56:4; Ez 20:12; 22:26, + 8 times Ez; ‖ מוֹעֵד La 2:6. d. P gives as basis God’s resting Ex 20:11; 31:17; שׁבתות י׳ Lv 23:38; קדשׁ ליהוה שׁ׳ Ex 16:23, cf. Ne 9:14, שׁ׳ שׁבתון Ex 31:15; 35:2; Lv 23:3; עשׂה השׁ׳ Ex 31:16, עֹלַת שׁ׳ בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ Nu 28:10, cf. Is 66:23; בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ Lv 24:8 on every sabbath, abbr. שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּת 1 Ch 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת, ‖ חֳדָשִׁים + מועדים 23:31 + 3 times Chr, Ne 10:34 (ל om. by error); work punished by stoning Nu 15:32; trade prohib. Ne 10:32; 13:15–21.

2. day of atonement is a שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Lv 16:31; 23:32 (P), cf. שָׁבַת שַׁבָּת v 32 (P).

3. sabbath year, שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Lv 25:4 (H); שַׁבָּת ליהוה v 2, 4 (H); (הארץ) רצה שַׁבְּתוֹתֶיהָ 26:34^(×2), 43 (H), 2 Ch 36:21.

4. = week (?): שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת Lv 23:15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; שֶׁבַע שַׁבְּתֹת (ה)שָּׁנִים 25:8^(×2) (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (v. Mk 16:2, 9; Lk 18:12; Mt 28:1, cf. J.Aram. usage); poss. שַׁבָּת Is 66:23 = week (Du).

5. שַׁבַּת הָאָ֫רֶץ Lv 25:6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).

† [שָׁבַת] vb.denom. keep, observe (sabbath);—

Qal , c. acc. cogn.; Pf. 3 fs. וְשָֽׁבְתָה הָאָרֶץ שַׁבָּת לי׳ Lv 25:2, cf. 2 Ch 36:21; 2 mpl. מֵעֶרֶב עַד־ עֶרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶ֑ם Lv 23:32 (P).

† שַׁבָּתוֹן n.m. sabbath observance, sabbatism;—שׁ׳ Ex 16:23 + 10 times P; usually phrase שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן sabbath of sabbatic observance;—

1. of weekly sabbath Ex 31:15; 35:2; Lv 23:3; Ex 16:23 (שַׁבָּתוֹן שַׁבַּת קֹדֶשׁ, prob. transp.).

2. day of atonement Lv 16:31; 23:32.

3. sabbatical year Lv 25:4, cf. שְׁנַת שַׁבָּתוֹן v 5.

4. שׁ׳ alone of feast of trumpets Lv 23:24, and of first and eighth days of feast of tabernacles v 39, 39.

† שַׁבְּתַי n.pr. Levite;—Ezr 10:15; Ne 8:7; 11:16; Σαβ(β)αθαι, etc.

† [מִשְׁבָּת] n.[m.] cessation, annihilation;—pl. sf. עַל־מִשְׁבַּתֶּ֑הָ La 1:7 (𝔊 ἐπὶ κατοικεσίᾳ αὐτῆς = עַל־שִׁבְתָּהּ; Marti ^{LCB 1895, Mar. 2, 282} עַל־שְׁבִיתָהּ her captivity).

שָׁגֵא v. שָׁגֵה.

† שָׁגַג vb. go astray, commit sin or error (‖ שׁגה, שׁוג);—

Qal Pf. שָׁגָג֛ Lv 5:18; Pt. שֹׁגֵג Jb 12:16 ψ 119:67; f. שֹׁגֶ֫גֶת Nu 15:28;— 1. error, mentally Jb 12:16. 2. sin ignorantly, inadvertently, Lv 5:18; Nu 15:28 (P), cf. ψ 119:67.—בְּשַׁגָּם Gn 6:3 perhaps Inf. cstr. sf., by reason of their going astray, v. Ges^{§ 67 p} Ew Dr al.; > Vrss for that he also is flesh. אֲבִישַׁג, v. p. 4b.

† שְׁגָגָה n.f. sin of error, inadvertence;—abs. שׁ׳ Nu 15:25 +; sf. שִׁגְגָתוֹ Lv 5:18; שִׁגְגָתָם Nu 15:25;—error (opp. sins of intention, or בְּיָד רָמָה) only P Ec: Nu 15:25 = Ec 5:5, cf. Ec 10:5; על שׁ׳ Lv 5:18 Nu 15:25; חטא בִּשׁ׳ Lv 4:2, 22, 27; 5:15; Nu 15:27, 28 + (vb. om.) v 26; עשׂה בִשׁ׳ Lv 4:22; Nu 15:29 + (לִשׁ׳) v 24; אכל קֹדֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ Lv 22:14; מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ of unintended killing Nu 35:11, 15 = Jos 20:3, 9 (‖ in D בִּבְלִי־דַעַת).—1 S 14:24 v. שׁגה.

שִׁגָּיוֹן v. p. 993b.

† [שָׁגָה] vb. go astray, error (Aramaic שְׁגָא, ܫܓܳܐ id.);—

Qal Pf. 1 s. שָׁגִיתִי Jb 6:24; 19:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁגֶּה Pr 5:23, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁגוֹת 19:27; Pt. שֹׁגֶה Ez 45:20; Pr 20:1, etc.;— 1. error, stray, of flock Ez 34:6 (fig.). 2. swerve, meander, reel or roll, in drunkenness, ב of drink Is 28:7^(×2); = be intoxicated, Pr 20:1; so with (בּ) love 5:19, 20; שׁ׳ בָּרֹאֶה Is 28:7. 3. go astray, morally, 1 S 26:21; Pr 5:23; Jb 6:24; 19:4, + 1 S 14:24 (reading שׁ׳ שְׁגָגָה) Th We Dr Now (after 𝔊; otherwise Bu HPS); c. מן, of י׳’s commands ψ 119:21, 118, מִן of words of knowledge Pr 19:27. 4. specif. commit sin of ignorance, inadvertence Lv 4:13; Nu 15:22 (P) Ez 45:20 (cf. שׁגג).

Hiph. lead astray: 1. lit., Pt. מַשְׁגֶּה Dt 27:18 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ). 2. מַשׁ׳ mentally = mislead Jb 12:16. 3. morally, Pt. Pr 28:10 (רָ֑ע בְּדֶרֶךְ); Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁגֵּנִי, c. מן of God’s commands ψ 119:10; + perhaps Jb 12:23 leadeth nations astray (מַשְׂגִּיא in Kenn., Field).

† [שְׁגִיאָה Kö^{ii. 1. 197}] n.f. error;—pl. abs. שְׁגִיאוֹת ψ 19:13; read שְׁגָגוֹת?.

† מִשְׁגֶּה n.m. mistake Gn 43:12 (J).

† שָׁגֵה (שָׁגֵא van d. H.) n.pr.m. father of a hero of David 1 Ch 11:34.—B Σωλα, A Σαγη, 𝔊L Σαμαια.

† [שָׁגַח] vb.

Hiph. gaze (NH id., Ecclus 40:29; 50:5; late Rabb. הַשְׁגָּחָה = providence (from ψ 33:14); J Aram. שְׁגַח gaze, consider);—c. אֶל־ pers.: Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁגִּיחַ ψ 33:14 (of י׳; מִן loc.); Impf. 3 mpl. רֹאֶיךָ אֵלֶיךָ יַשְׁגִּיחוּ Is 14:16 they that see thee, at thee shall they gaze (‖ אֵלֶיךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ; cf. משגיח על שלחן Ecclus 40:29); abs.: Pt. מַשְׁגִּיחַ Ct 2:9 (c. מִן from (the outside of) the windows).

† שִׁגָּיוֹן doubtful word, ψ 7:1 (title), Ew De al. from √ שׁגה go astray, reel, i.e. wild, passionate song, with rapid changes of rhythm; cf. Lag^{BN 201 f.} who cp. שִׁגָּעוֹן, √ שׁגע; 𝔊 ψαλμός, read prob. מִזְמוֹר; pl. שִׁגְיֹנוֹת Hb 3:1 (title), read נְגִינוֹת, so 𝔊.

[שָׁגֵל] vb. violate, ravish (Mass. think verb obscene, and subst. שָׁכַב);—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁגָּלֶנְּה Dt 28:30 Kt (Qr יִשְׁכָּבֶנָּה).

Niph. Impf. 3 fpl. תִּשָּׁגַלְנָה Is 13:16 Zc 14:2 women shall be ravished (both Kt; Qr תִּשָּׁכַבְנָה).

Pu. < Qal pass. (Ges^{§ 52 e}) Pf. 2 fs. אֵיפֹה לֹא שֻׁגַּלְתְּ Je 3:2 where hast thou not been ravished? (Qr שֻׁכַּבְתְּ).

† שֵׁגָל n.f. (queen-) consort Ne 2:6 ψ 45:10, + perhaps Ju 5:30 c v. שָׁלָל (Palm. n.pr.f. שגל Lzb³⁷² SAC¹¹¹ GACooke³⁰⁹; Thes¹³⁶³ cp. ‘queen,’ orig. ‘woman’; but שׁ׳ loan-word according to Lag^{BN 51, 153} and not from √ [שָׁגֵל]).

† [שָׁגַע] Pu. be mad (Arabic سَجَعَ coo, of male pigeon, utter long whinny, of camel (cf. Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883), 89} RS^{JPhil. xiv. 119 f.} Goldziher^{Arabic Philol. i. 59 ff.} Lag^{BN 202}); Ethiopic ዘንግዐ: be mad (n ins., Di¹⁰⁵⁵ BA^{ES 50}); Assyrian šegû, rage, howl; on meaning in Heb. v. especially We^{Skizzen iii. 130});—Pu. Pt. as adj.: pred. וְהָיִיתָ מְשֻׁגָּע Dt 28:34 thou shalt be maddened (מִן because of), fig. for driven to despair; מ׳ of proph., contemptuously Ho 9:7, כָּל־אִישׁ מ׳ וּמִתְנַבֵּא Je 29:26, as subst. 2 K 9:11; pl. מְשֻׁגָּעִים 1 S 21:16 madmen. Hithp. shew madness; Pt. אִישׁ מִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ 1 S 21:15; Inf. cstr. לְהִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ v 16.

† שִׁגָּעוֹן n.m. madness;—הִכָּה בְּשׁ׳ Dt 28:28 smite with madness, fig. of wild and helpless panic (‖ עִוָּרוֹן, תִּמְהוֹן לֵבָב), Zc 12:4 (‖ תִּמָּהוֹן); בְּשׁ׳ 2 K 9:20 (hyperb.) madly.

שׁגר (√ of foll.; cf. Aramaic שְׁגַר cast, throw, Ex 13:12 𝔗^J drop young, ܫܓܰܪ misit, demisit (rare); cf. Dr Dt 7:13).

† שֶׁ֫גֶר n.[f. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 70}] offspring, young of beasts (שגר id. Ecclus 40:19; cf. We^{Skizzen iii. 170});—cstr. שׁ׳;—כָּל־פֶּטֶר שׁ׳ בְּהֵמָה Ex 13:12 (J; כָּל־פ׳ רֶחֶם precedes); also שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ Dt 7:13; 28:4, 18, 51 (all ‖ עַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ).

שַׁד ii. שֹׁד breast, v. שׁדה.

† [שֵׁד] n.[m.] appar. demon (loan-word from Assyrian šêdu, a protecting spirit, especially of bull-colossus, Dl^{Pa 153 f.; WB 646}; COT Dt 32:17 Zim^{KAT3. 460 f., 455, 649}; cf. Aramaic שֵׁידָא, ܫܺܐܕܳܐ demon, and (perhaps) Ph. n.pr. גדשד Nö^{ZMG xlii (1888), 481} Lzb²⁴⁹; orig. √ שׁוד (= Arabic سَادَ rule) according to Thes Baud ^{Sem. Rel. i. 130 ff.} Dl^WB al.; > Arabic سعد (iii, iv aid), Hom^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 529}, against this Zim^{l. c.});—יִזְבְּחוּ לַשֵּׁדִים לֹא אֱלֹהַּ Dt 32:17 (cf. Dr), ψ 106:37 (human sacrifice).

I. שֹׁד v. שׁדד.

[שָׁדַד₅₆] vb. deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin (NH id., Niph.; Arabic سَدَّ stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm; Ethiopic ሰደደ: expel; Assyrian šadâdu is draw, drag);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְשָֽׁדְדוּ Ez 32:12; sf. שַׁדּוּנִי ψ 17:9; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּד (metapl., cf. Ges^{§ 67 q} Bae) ψ 91:6, sf. יְשָׁדֵּם (Ges^{§ 67 n}) Pr 11:3 Qr (Kt Pf. ושׁדם), יְשָׁדְדֵם Je 5:6; Imv. mpl. שָׁדְדוּ (Ges^{§ 67 cc}) 49:28; Inf. abs. שָׁדוֹד Mi 2:4; cstr. לִשְׁדוֹד Je 47:4 (Ges^{§ 45 g}), cf. also שֹׁד Ho 10:14; Pt. act. שֹׁדֵד Je 6:26 +, etc.; pass. שָׁדוּד Ju 5:27 +, f. שְׁדוּדָה ψ 137:8;—violently destroy, pers., = slay Ju 5:27 (pass.), Je 5:6 (wolf subj.; ‖ הִכָּה); acc. Philistines 47:4 (‖ הִכְרִית), v 4 (subj. י׳); = devastate, acc. בָּבֶל (subj. י׳) Je 51:55, cf. ψ 137:8 (read prob. הַשֹּׁדֵדָה We Du cf. Ew Hi הַשָּׁדוֹדָה v. Kö^{ii. 194}); אֶת־גְּאוֹן מִצְרַיִם Ez 32:12 (‖ נִשְׁמַד), cf. Ho 10:14, אֶת־מַרְעִיתָם Je 25:36 (subj. י׳), abs. Is 21:2 (‖ בָּגַד), 33:1 (on use of pt. v. Ges^{§ 120 b}), pass. v 1 (‖ בָּנַד), אַתְּי שָׁדוּד Je 4:30 (Gf Ba^{NB 179}, but dub.; < Du שְׁדוּדָה); = despoil, acc. pers. Je 49:28; = bring pers. to ruin Mi 2:4 (Inf. abs. + Niph. q.v.), Pr 11:3; weaker, assail ψ 17:9; elsewhere Pt. act. as subst. devastator (despoiler?): of national foes Is 16:1; 21:2; 33:1; Je 6:26 + 8 times Je; שׁוֹדְדֵי לַיְלָה Ob 5 (‖ גַּנָּבִים) del. Now GASm; personal foe Jb 15:21; representing wicked in gen. 12:6 (‖ מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל).

†Niph. Pf. 1 pl. שָׁדוֹד נִשַׁדֻּנוּ Ges^{§ 67 u}) we are utterly ruined Mi 2:4.

†Pi. Impf. 2 ms. אַל־תְּשַׁדֵּד רִבְצוֹ Pr 24:15 assault not his dwelling-place (‖ אַל־תֶּאֱרֹב); Pt. as subst. מְשַׁדֶּד־אָב Pr 19:26 he who assaults, maltreats (his) father (‖ יַבְרִיחַ אֵם).

†Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁדַּד Is 15:1 +, 3 fs. שֻׁדְּדָה Je 4:20 +, שָׁדְּדָה Na 3:7 (Ges^{§ 52 q}), etc.;—be devastated, of city Is 15:1^(×2); 23:1; Je 48:1; 49:3; Na 3:7, country or nation Je 4:20, cf. v 13 9:18; 48:15, 20; 49:10, dwellings (אֹהֶל) Je 4:20; 10:20, trees Zc 11:2 (del. Sta^{ZAW i (1881), 25}), cf. v 33, strength of ships Is 23:14, field (by drought) Jo 1:10, crop v 10. †Pōʿel violently destroy: Impf. 3 ms. יְשֹׁדֵד מַצֵּבוֹתָם Ho 10:2 (‖ יַעֲרֹף מִוְבְּחֹתָם).

†Hoph. Impf. (or Qal pass. Impf.? cf. Ges^{§ 53 u}) be devastated: 3 ms. בָּל־מִבְצָרֶיךָ יוּשָּׁ֑ד Ho 10:14 (of Ephr., < We pl. יושׁדו); 2 ms. תּוּשַּׁד Is 33:1 (subj. שׁוֹדֵד, v. Qal).

† I. שֹׁד, שׁוֹד (v. infr.) n.m. violence, havoc, devastation, ruin;—שׁ׳ abs. Ho 7:13 +; cstr. Is 22:4 +;—

1. violence, havoc, as social sin: חָמָס וָשֹׁד Am 3:10; Je 6:7; 20:8; Ez 45:9, שׁ׳ וְח׳ Hb 1:3, כָּזָב וָשׁ׳ Ho 12:2 (l. וָשָׁוְא, 𝔊 We Marti al.), שׁ׳ יָשֶׁבֶר Is 59:7; 60:18; Pr 24:2 (‖ עָמָל; שׁ׳ רְשָׁעִים Pr 21:7; c. genit. obj. שׁ׳ עֲנִיִּים ψ 12:6.

2. devastation, ruin, for nation Ho 7:13, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבוֹא Is 13:6 (sim. of יוֹם י׳) = Jo 1:15; Is 16:4; (Lo Gr Che^Hpt Marti שֹׁדֵד; ‖ רֹמֵס), 22:4, שׁ׳ וְשֶׁבֶר 51:19; Je 48:3; more gen. Am 5:9^(×2); for individ. Jb 5:21 (van d. H. שׁוֹד), v 22; for beasts Hb 2:17 (+ חֲמַס לְבָנוֹן).—Ho 10:14 v. שׁדד Inf.—מִשֹּׁר (הָֽלְכוּ) Ho 9:6 read אַשּׁוּר We Now Marti.—ii. שֹׁד, v. שׁדה.

שַׁדַּי v. infr. אַשְׁדוֹד v. p. 78; > here, Thes al.

שׁדה (√ of foll.; Arabic ثَدَى moisten, ثَدْىٌ breast; Aramaic pl. תְּדַיָּא, ܬܕܰܝܳܐ breasts; cf. Lag^{BN 171}; Heb. n. orig. *שָׁדֶה Ba^{NB 9}, cf. id.^{ZMG xli (1887), 637}).

† [שַׁד] n.m. ^{Ho 9:14} female breast;—abs. שָׁ֑ד La 4:3; elsewhere du. שָׁדַיִם Ho 9:14 +, cstr. שְׁדֵי Ez 23:21 +, sf. שָׁדַי Ct 1:13; 8:10, שָׁדַיִךְ 4:5 +, etc.;—breast:

1. of woman Ho 2:4; Ez 16:7; 23:3, 21 (שְׁדֵי נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ, ‖ דַּדַּיִךְ), v 34 (> del. 𝔊 Codd. Co;—all these of personif. people), Ct 1:13; 4:5; 7:4, 8, 9; 8:8, 10; of mother ψ 22:10, c. יָנַק suck Ct 8:1; Jb 3:12; Jo 2:16; Ho 9:14 (v. [צָמַק]); עֲתִיקֵ׳ מִשּׁ׳ Is 28:9 i.e. those already weaned, mature (‖ גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָב).—Is 32:12 v. [ספד].

2. of animal La 4:3.

3. both human and animal, בִּרְכוֹת שׁ׳ וָרָ֑חַם Gn 49:25 (poem in J).

† II. שֹׁד n.m. id. (cf. the rare Arabic ثُدٌ, Lane³³³ Ba^{ZMG xli. 637});—שׁ׳ abs., of mother Jb 24:9; cstr. (fig., c. יָנַק): שׁ׳ מְלָכִים Is 60:16, שׁ׳ תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ 66:11, i.e. the consolations of Jerusalem.

† שְׁדֵיאוּר n.pr.m. in Reuben (read prob. שַׁדַּי אוּר, שׁ׳ is flame, v. Nö^{ZMG xv (1860), 809} Ne^{Eg.. 46} Gray^{Prop. N. 169, 197});—only in אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שׁ׳ Nu 1:5; 2:10; 7:30, 35; 10:18 (all P); Σεδιουρ.

† שִׁדָּה n.f. meaning unknown;—only s. et pl. שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת Ec 2:8, apparently appos. of תַּעֲנֻגוֹת (𝔊 οἰνοχόον καὶ οἰνοχόας, i.e. שֹׁדֶה וְשֹׁדוֹת, from Aramaic שְׁדָא pour out [but not spec. of wine]; Aq κυλίκιον καὶ κυλίκια (cf. 𝔙), prob. from same √; Dl ^{Prol. 97} Kö ^{ii. 1. 161} Wildeb Siegf cp. Assyrian šadâdu, love (Siegf ‘Haremsperlen’), but this word lacks evidence; poss. שָׂרָה וְשָׂרוֹת, v. i. שָׂרָה).

שַׁדַּי₄₈ n.m. dei (etym. dub. (1) Aq Sym Theod ἱκανός; Rabb שֶׁ־ + דַּי (self-)sufficient, no moderns. (2)= almighty, √ שׁדד + י = Thes De Di Sta, or √ שׁדה = שׁדד, n. intens. Ew^{§ 155 c}, but שׁדד (q.v.) is deal violently not simply mightily; cf. 𝔊 παντοκράτωρ 14 (15) times (but in Pent. אל שׁ׳ is ὁ Θεός μου, σου, etc.), 𝔙 mostly omnipotens. (3) < conject. for orig. שֵׁדַי (v. שֵׁד) my sovereign lord, ‖ אֲדֹנָי, בעלי Nö^{SBA 1880, 775; ZMG xlii (1888), 481}; Hoffm^{Ph. Inscr. 53}; used of foreign deities (Dt 32:17), and so discredited (cf. בַּעַל).—> other conj., e.g. RS^{OTJC, 424} √ שׁדה pour forth (God as rain-giver); Dl^{Pr 96 sq.} Assyrian šadûʾ, high, ilu šadûʾa, Che^{Comm. Is ii. 148}, or šadû, mountain, also in n.pr.; v. further Dr ^{Gn 404 ff.});—

1. שַׁדַּי Nu 24:4, 16 (JE, poem), and so as archaism Ru 1:20, 21 ψ 68:15; 91:1 Jo 1:15 = Is 13:6; Ez 1:24 (del. Co); especially Jb 5:17 + 30 times Jb (+ 19:29 Ew Di, reading שׁ׳ for שׁדין).

2. אֵל שַׁדַּי Gn 49:25 (poem; so read for אֵת שׁ׳, v. Sam. 𝔊 𝔖 Saad, Heb. Codd.), and so, as archaism, divine name of patriarchs in P, Gn 17:1; 28:3; 35:11; 48:3; Ex 6:3; Gn 43:14 (R^P); so Ez 10:5 (del. Co; but 𝔊 Σαδδαι).

שַׁדּ֯יּן Jb 19:29 v. דין p. 192b supra.

שׁדם (√ of following; meaning unknown).

† [שְׁדֵמָה] n.f. field;—only pl.: abs. שְׁדֵמוֹת Hb 3:17 Je 31:40 Qr (> Kt השׁרמות); cstr. שַׁדְמ(וֹ)ת Dt 32:32 + 2 times;—fields, as cultivated Dt 32:32, also (c. vb. sg.) Is 16:8; Hb 3:17; as locality 2 K 23:4, area Je 31:40.—שְׁדֵמָה Is 37:27 v. שְׁדֵפָה.

† [שָׁדַף] vb. scorch, blight (NH id.; Niph. Hithp. be blighted; J.Aram. שְׁדַף Ithpe. burn (up); Arabic سدف iv. be dark);—

Qal Pt. pass. cstr., of ears of grain, שְׁדוּפֹת קָדִים Gn 41:6 scorched by a sirocco, so שְׁדֻפוֹת ק׳ v 23, שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ v 27 (all E).

† שְׁדֵפָה n.f. blighted or blasted thing;—וּשׁ׳ לִפְנֵי קָמָה 2 K 19:26 a blasted thing before (the) standing grain, i.e. before maturity (> שְׁדֵמָה field, as ‖ Is 37:27, cf. Di), but improb.; Th proposes וּשׁ׳ ל׳ קָדִים; Kit שְׁדֻף הַקָּדִים; We (and most since) וּשְׁדֵכָּֽה ׃ לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ וגו׳ (Che: וּשְׁפָיִים, for וּשְׁדֵפָה).

† שִׁדָּפוֹן n.m. smut, on crops (Lag^{BN 202} Vogelst^{Landwirthsch. 56});—שׁ׳ abs. + יֵרָקוֹן Am 4:9, cf. Hg 2:17, Dt 28:22 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28.

† שַׁדְרַךְ n.pr.m. Bab. name given to חֲנַנְיָה, one of Daniel’s comrades Dn 1:7 (from and meaning dub.; Dl (cf. COT Dr) Šudur-Aku, command of Aku; Jen^{Th LZ 1895, 329} thinks Pers. [*Khšatraka]; Kohler^{ZA iv (1889), 50} conj. מרדך, so Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 47. 57} Zim^{KAT3. 396}).

שׁדשׁ (√ of foll.; Sab. סדתֿ, סתֿ, six Sab Denkm ⁹⁰ Hom^{Chrest. 47. 124}; Arabic سَادِسٌ sixth (assim. of last cons.), سِتٌّ, سِتَّةٌ six; Ethiopic ስሱ, ስድስቱ six; Assyrian sudušu (s!) six-fold, seššu, sixth; cf. also Aramaic שֵׁית, שִׁתָּא, ܫܶܬ, ܫܶܬܳܐ six, Nab. שת, Palm. שתא Ldzb³⁸³ SAC¹¹⁸).

I. שֵׁשׁ, שִׁשָּׁה, n.m. et f.six;—m. שֵׁשׁ (c. n.f.) Gn 31:41 + 120 times; f. שִׁשָּׁה (c. n.m.) 30:20 + 39 times; cstr. שֵׁ֫שֶׁת Ex 23:12 + 30 times (6 + 10 = 16 are additional);—six (Hex chiefly P):

1. no other num.: a. bef. n.pl. 75 times: e.g. שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים Ex 21:2 (E) + 11 times, שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת 1 S 17:4 + 8 times; שֵׁשׁ בָּאַמָּה †1 K 6:6; שִׁשָּׁה בָּנִים Gn 30:20 (E) + 2 times; שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים Ex 23:12 (E) + 14 times; after n. (late) †Ex 28:2 Jos 15:59, 62 (all P), 1 Ch 4:27; 26:17; Ne 5:18; rarely n. om. Lv 24:6 (P) + (distrib. 2 S 21:20 = 1 Ch 20:6). b. = ordin. שְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ לְחִזְק׳ 2 K 18:10 (Ges^{§ 134 o}).

2. 16, c. n.f.: שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, bef. נָ֑פֶשׁ Gn 46:18 (P), שָׁנָה 2 K 13:10 + 9 times, בָּנוֹת 2 Ch 13:21; after עָרִים Jos 15:41; 19:22 (P); c. n.m. שִׁשָׁה עָשָׂר, bef. אֲדָנִים Ex 26:25; 36:30 (P), also אֶלֶף, 1000, Nu 31:40 + (P); after בָּנִים 1 Ch 4:27, etc.; = ordin. 16th 1 Ch 24:14; 25:23 +, יוֹם שׁ׳ ע׳ 2 Ch 29:17.

3. 600 = שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת, Gn 7:6 (P) + 63 times; 6000 = שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Nu 3:34 (P) + 8 times; שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Ju 20:15 + 2 times

4. c. tens, שׁ׳ foll. Gn 46:26 + 13 times, precedes Nu 31:44 (P).

5. שׁ׳ as round no., חָמֵשׁ אוֹ־שׁ׳ 2 K 13:19, cf. Jb 5:19 Pr 6:16.

שִׁשִּׁי m.₂₂ שִׁשִׁית f.₆ adj.num. ordin. sixth;—(הַ)יוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי Gn 1:31 + 5 times, etc.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשִּׁשִּׁית Lv 25:21 Ez 8:1, etc.; cstr. שִׁשִּׁית הַהִין Ez 4:11 6th part of the hin, cf. 45:13; 46:14; read שׁ׳ also 45:13b (v. [שִׁשָּׁה] infra).

שִׁשִּׁים₅₉ n. indecl. sixty;—bef. n. sg.: city Dt 3:4 + 4 times, cubit 1 K 6:2 Ez 40:14, man 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25, day Lv 12:5, etc.; n.pl. בָּנוֹת 2 Ch 11:21, cf. Ct 3:7; after n.pl. Nu 7:88^(×3) 2 Ch 3:3; 11:21 +; שִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף 2 Ch 12:3 +; שׁ׳ foll. units Gn 5:15 + 12 times; שׁ׳ precedes unit Is 7:8 + 12 times; שׁ׳ foll. 100 (1000) Ezr 8:10 + 11 times; precedes Gn 5:18 + 8 times

† [שִׁשָּׁה] vb.

Pi. denom. give sixth part of (si vera l.);—Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וְשִׁשִּׁיתֶם הָאֵיפָה Ez 45:13 (+ מִן part.), but < read שִׁשִּׁית Vrss and mod. (‖ שִׁשִּׁיה v ^a).—וְשִׁשֵּׁאתִיךָ Ez 39:2 v. שׁשׁא.

† I. שֹׁ֫הַם n.m. ^{Jb 28:16} a gem, identif. dubious, Vrss vary; onyx or chrysoprasus Ri^{HWB 2, 336 f.} onyx Taylor^{Hast. DB iii. 624}, beryl Ridgeway^{Ency. Bib. 545} malachite Myres^{ib. 4808}, etc.; cf. also Dr Gn 2:12 (√ unknown; perhaps loan-word, cf. Assyrian sâmtu Dl^{WB 438});—אֶבֶן הַשּׁ׳ Gn 2:12 (J; + הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Ḥavilah; אַבְנֵי שׁ׳ Ex 25:7; 28:9; 35:9, 27; 39:6 (all P), 1 Ch 29:2; אֶבֶן om. Ez 28:13; Ex 28:20; 39:13 (both P; all in lists of gems); שׁ׳ יָקָר וְסַפִּיר Jb 28:16.

† II. שֹׁ֫הַם n.pr.m. Levite;—שׁ׳ 1 Ch 24:27; Ισ(σ)οαμ, Ιεσσαμ.

שָׁו Jb 15:31 Kt, v. שָׁוְא.

† שְׁוָא n.pr.m.

1. Calebite 1 Ch 2:49, Σαου, Σουε.

2. secretary, David’s time 2 S 20:25 Qr (Kt שׁיא), Ιησους, A Ισους, 𝔊L Σουσα (v. שְׂרָיָה(וּ) 1).

I. שׁוא (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَآءَ (med. و) be evil, foul, unseemly; Ethiopic ሰይአ. baseness).

† שָׁוְא n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—שׁ׳ abs. Ex 23:1 + 51 times, שָׁו Jb 15:31 (Kt);—

1. emptiness, nothingness, vanity: שׁ׳ תְּשׁוּעַת אָדָם ψ 60:13 vain (is) man’s deliverance, = 108:13; שׁ׳ לָכֶם 127:2 it is vain (useless) for you; 89:48 for (עַל) what nothingness hast thou created man? cf. שׁ׳ יַרְחֵי Jb 7:3; הַבְלֵי שׁ׳ ψ 31:7 (idols) = Jon 2:9, cf. Je 18:15; מִנְחַת שׁ׳ Is 1:13 of ineffective offering to י׳; נשׂא לַשּׁ׳ (לֹא) Ex 20:7^(×2) take up name of God in vain (to no good purpose) = Dt 5:11^(×2), cf. ψ 24:4; 139:20 [MT lifted up in vain are thy foes; היה שׁ׳ Ho 12:12 become nothing (We עשׂה שׁ׳, and so 3); ראה שׁ׳ ψ 119:37; adv. לַשּׁ׳ in vain Je 2:30; 4:30; 6:29; 46:11; שׁ׳ ψ 127:1^(×2); Mal 3:14; Jb 35:13.

2. emptiness of speech, שׁ׳ וּדְבַר כָּזָב Pr 30:8; דבּר שׁ׳ ψ 12:3; 41:7; 144:8, 11; Is 59:4; Ez 13:8; אָלוֹת שׁ׳ Ho 10:4 + 12:2 𝔊 We al. (for שֹׁד); הָלַךְ עִם־שׁ׳ Jb 31:5 (‖ מִרְמָה); עֵד שׁ׳ Dt 5:17 = עֵד שָֽׁקֶר Ex 20:16); cf. שֵׁמַע שׁ׳ Ex 23:1 (E); of false (empty) prophecy חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Ez 12:24, חָזוּ שׁ׳ La 2:14; v. also Ez 13:6, 7, 9, 23; 21:34; 22:28; Jb 35:13 (or empty complaint) La 2:14^(×2); קסם שׁ׳ Ez 21:28; חֲלמוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Zc 10:2.

3. of conduct, worthlessness (Buhl sub 1, 2); מְתֵי שׁ׳ worthless men ψ 26:4; Jb 11:11; worthless motives (in fig.) חֵבְלֵי הַשּׁ׳ Is 5:18; נָפַת שׁ׳ 30:28 (i.e. sifting out the worthless; al. sieve of (bringing) disappointment); play on meanings in Jb 15:31^(×2), cf. Dr^{Job, Psalt. 464}.

II. שׁוא (√ of foll.; prob. ‖ form of שׁאה).

† [שׁוֹא] n.[m.] ravage (?);—pl. sf. שֹׁאֵיהֶם ψ 35:17 rescue me from their ravages (si vera l.); 𝔊 κακουργία; Ol Dy Gr Che^Comm. plausibly שַׁאֲגָם their roaring, cf. v 16, 17c; We Du שֹׁאֲגִים.

† שׁוֹאָה, שֹׁאָה n.f. devastation, ruin, waste;—abs. שׁו׳ Is 10:3 +, שֹׁאָה 47:11; Zp 1:15; Jb 30:14 (+ 38:27 van d. H. Gi, but v. Baer’s n.); cstr. שֹׁאַת Pr 3:25;—

1. devastation, ruin, as coming on pers., Is 10:3; 47:11 (Babylon personif.), ψ 35:8a; 63:10; שֹׁאַת רְשָׁעִים Pr 3:25 (obj. genit.; ‖ פַּחַד); (יוֹם) שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Zp 1:15; prob. = devastating storm, in sim. Ez 38:9 (‖ עָנָן), Pr 1:27 (Qr; Kt שׁאוה; ‖ סוּפָה).—ψ 35:8b read prob. שַׁחְתֹּה his pit, 𝔖 We (cf. v 7).

2. concretely, ruin, waste, of the desert, Jb 30:3 (reading אֶרֶץ for אֶמֶשׁ Ol; otherwise sub 1), שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה 38:27 (‖ מִדְבָּר v 26); = ruins Jb 30:14.

† מְשׁוֹאָה, מְשֹׁאָה n.f. desolation;—

1. sg. only in שֹׁאָה וּמ׳ Zp 1:15; Jb 30:3; 38:27, v. above;

2. pl. (מַשּׁוּאוֹת, read) מְשׁוֹאוֹת, so Klo Hup-Now Che^Comm. Bae Du ψ 74:3 ruins (of temple) and 73:18 ruins (of one’s life, fig.; but Du here der.from נשׁא: deceptions, v. p. 674; yet cf. synon. שַׁמָּה v 19).

† [תְּשֻׁאָה] n.f. noise (proposes of devastation, storm);—MT only pl. תְּשֻׁאוֹת abs. city noises Is 22:2 (of עִיר הוֹמִיָּה), adv. acc. = (with) shoutings Zc 4:7; so cstr. ת׳ נוֹגֵשׂ לֹא יִשְׁמָ֑ע Jb 39:7 (subj. wild ass); ת׳ סֻכָּתוֹ 36:29 (of thunder); read perhaps sg. תְּשֻׁוָה (= תְּשֻׁאָה) Jb 30:22 Kt, dissolvest me in (or, into) the roar of the storm (‖ make me ride on wind), so Ew Ol De Di Du Bu al.; > תֻּשִׁיָּה Qr AV my substance (?), Du מִתֻּשׁ׳ ‘ohne Halt’ (?).

שׁוּב₁₀₅₆ vb. turn back, return (NH id.; Hiph. in MI 8 f. 12; Sab. תֿוב, התֿב, especially requite Os ^{ZMG xix (1865), 198} SabDenkm ^{No. 20, l. 1} Hom^{Chrest. 122} CIS ^{iv. 81, 1. 9}, etc.; Arabic ثَابَ return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ܬܒ );—

Qal₆₈₅ Pf. 3 ms. שָׁב Gn 18:33 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫בָה Ru 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consec. †Ez 46:17 (Ges^{§ 72 o}, but Co Toy Krae וְשָׁבָה), 2 ms. שַׁבְתָּ ψ 85:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּב Ho 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב ψ 146:4; La 3:3, juss. יָשֹׁב Ju 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Gn 26:18 +; 3 fpl. תָּשֹׁבְןָ Ez 16:55^(×2), תְּשֻׁבֶינָה v 55, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּב Gn 31:3 +, שֻׁב Ex 4:19; 1 K 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Ho 14:2 +, fpl. שֹׁבְנָה Ru 1:8, 11, 12, etc.; Inf. abs. שׁוֹב Gn 8:3 +, cstr. שׁוּב Ex 4:21 +, שֹׁב Jos 2:16 (Ges^{§ 72 q}), etc.; Pt. שָׁב Gn 43:18 +, fs. שָׁבָ֫ה Ru 1:22 +, etc.; pass. cstr. שׁוּבֵי Mi 2:8;—turn back, return: 1. turn back, c. מִן loc. Ju 3:19; 8:13, cf. 7:3, c. מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. from following 2 S 11:15; 1 K 19:21; Ru 1:16, from pursuing 2 S 2:26, 30; 1 K 22:33 = 2 Ch 18:32; c. מִן of pursuit 1 S 17:53; 23:28, cf. 2 Ch 11:4; c. אַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. so as to follow 1 S 15:31 2 S 23:10; turn back in fear, מִן rei Jb 39:22 (of horse), מִפְנֵי כֹל Pr 30:30 (of lion), so abs. (of foes) ψ 6:11; 56:10; 70:4, in shame La 1:8; turn back and do so and so: Gn 14:7; Ex 14:2, cf. Nu 33:7 (עַל loc., both P), Jos 8:21 (E), 11:10 (J), 1 Ch 21:20, sq. inf. 2 Ch 20:27; abs. turn back (face about) Ct 7:1^(×4) (+ vb.); = be repulsed, defeated ψ 9:4 (+ אָחוֹר), 74:21; fig. turn back, viz. from promise or vow Ju 11:35; c. מִן of service Nu 8:25 (P), i.e. be exempt. 2. return, come or go back, c. מֵעַל pers. 1 S 17:15 (opp. הלך), 2 S 10:14; 2 K 18:14, מִן pers. Jos 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), מִן loc., especially from foreign land 2 K 8:3; 2 Ch 10:2; Ru 1:6, 22; 2:6; 4:3; Je 31:16; 40:12; 43:5; 44:28; Ezr 6:21; Ne 8:17, מֵהַכּוֹת Gn 14:17 (JE?), 1 S 17:57; 18:6; 2 S 1:1; 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי i.e. from pursuing 1 S 24:2 (Gi v 1); fig., לֹא שׁ׳ מִנִּי חֹשֶׁךְ Jb 15:22 (v. חֹשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ וָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Ex 32:27 (J), i.e. go back and forth from gate to gate, cf. (abs.) pt. as subst. עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zc 7:14; 9:8 and (= all persons) Ez 35:7; also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Gn 8:7 (J), רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Ez 1:14 (del. Hi Co Toy al.; yet v. Krae); Gn 8:3 (J) v. הלך 4 c (4). 3. especially return unto: a. go back, אֶל pers. Nu 23:5, 16 (JE), 2 K 1:6 (‖ הָלַךְ, as often), Ex 5:22 (J; אֶל־י׳, 32:31 (E; id.), Nu 17:15 (P), 2 S 20:22 (+ acc. loc.), Je 46:16 (both + אֶל loc.), + 17 times; אֶל loc. also Gn 21:32; 28:21 (both E), 2 S 11:4; Ho 5:15 (of י׳), 2 Ch 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם, + ל pers.), Est 2:14 (opp. בּוֹא), 7:8 (+ מִן loc.), + 27 times; of a dog שׁ׳ עַל־קֵאוֹ Pr 26:11; ל loc. Gn 18:33 (J), 1 S 26:25; 29:4; 1 K 19:15 (+ -ה loc.), Gn 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֹ, + id.), ψ 7:8 (of י׳), + 25 times; ל pers. †Ru 1:10 (לְעַמֵּךְ); -ה loc. also Gn 44:13 (J), Ex 4:20, 21 (R), 13:17 (E), + 5 times; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Je 22:27; acc. loc. also Ho 8:13; 9:3; 1 S 18:2; 2 S 3:27; 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), 2 K 2:25 (+ מִן loc.), + 15 times; acc. דֶּרֶךָ Ez 46:9; acc. pers. †Nu 10:36; אַחֲרֵי pers. Ru 1:15; abs. 2 S 3:16; 19:16 (+ בּוֹא), 1 K 18:43; Je 40:5 (< del. 𝔊 Gie Du), Ez 7:13b (del. 𝔊 Co Krae al.) +; sq. vb., go back and do so and so, Gn 43:2; 1 S 1:19; 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֹם), 1 K 13:22; 2 Ch 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם) +, (Je 42:10 read יָשׁוֹב Vrss and mod.); sq. inf. purpose Ju 14:8; 2 S 6:20 + 10 times b. come back, אֶל pers. Gn 8:9 (J; + אֶל loc.), Ex 24:14 (J), 1 S 23:23 + 2 S 17:3 (𝔊 Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu), 1 K 12:15 (opp. הָלַךְ) + 9 times + (in hostility) Ju 20:48; אֶל loc. also Zc 8:3 (subj. י׳); Jos 22:32 (P) has מֵאֵת pers. + מִן loc. + אֶל loc. + אֶל pers.; אֶל rei Ez 7:13; עַל pers. †Ne 4:6 Mi 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל loc. †1 K 17:21, 22; ל loc. Jos 1:15 (R), Zc 1:16 (subj. י׳), 2 Ch 30:9 + (from exile) 5 times; ל animal., Jb 39:4; -ה loc. †Gn 15:16 (E), 50:14 (J); acc. loc. †2 Ch 19:8; שָׁם Je 22:11 (opp. יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה v 27, הֵ֫נָּה 31:8; abs. Gn 43:10 (J), 2 S 10:5; 2 K 1:5; Is 21:12 (‖ אָתָה), Jb 39:12 (Kt, so Bu Du; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֹם Ju 8:9; 1 K 22:28 (שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב) = 2 Ch 18:27; 2 Ch 18:26; + vb., come back and do so and so, †Dt 1:45; 30:8; Je 37:8; 1 K 19:7; 20:5; 2 K 9:36 ψ 60:2 (title), cf. Zc 4:1; Dn 11:10, שׁ׳ לָשֶׁבֶת Nu 35:32 (P), שׁ׳ לָלֶכֶת Ec 5:14. †4. a. of dying, שׁ׳ אֶל־(הֶ)עָפָר Gn 3:19^(×2) (J), ψ 104:29; Ec 3:20, עַל־עָפָר Jb 34:15; שׁ׳ לְאַדְמָתוֹ ψ 146:4, cf. אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (i.e. בֶּטֶן אִמּוֹ) Jb 1:21 (v. Di Bu, also Ec 5:14); שׁ׳ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה ψ 9:18; so prob. abs. ψ 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, שׁ׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Ec 12:7; breath, שׁ׳ אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים v 7. b. of revival from death, שׁ׳ לְבֵיתוֹ Jb 7:10, abs. 10:21 (opp. הָלַךְ), 16:22 (id.), Pr 2:19; also c. אֶל pers. 2 S 12:23. †5. fig. of human relations: a. return to leader, king, אֶל pers., Ju 11:8; 1 K 12:27^(×2); to divorced wife Je 3:1 (opp. הלך). b. = change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶל־ pers. Je 15:19^(×2). c. turn, i.e. resort to, ל pers. ψ 119:79. d. return to a physical condition Jb 33:25 (ל rei); to a state or course of life, ל rei Is 23:17; Ez 16:55^(×3); Ne 9:17 ψ 85:9 עַל rei Je 11:10, הֲלוֹם ψ 73:10 (but crpt.); ב Je 8:6 (Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב). e. abs. = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָד־בּוֹ 2 K 24:1; Je 34:11, 16; bad to good v 15; so שׁ׳ alone Jb 6:29^(×2) (prob.; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Di Da Bu al.; other interpr. De Du al.). f. pt. pass. = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Mi 2:8 (> We Now שׁבִי spoil of war). 6. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: a. turn back from God, = apostatize, מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ Nu 14:43 (J), 1 S 15:11; 1 K 9:6 (שׁוֹב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Je 3:19; Nu 32:15; Jos 22:16, 18, 23, 29 (all P); abs. (usually + vb.) Ju 2:19; 8:33; Jos 23:12 (R^D), Je 8:4 ψ 78:41; 2 Ch 7:19. b. of י׳, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי pers. Dt 23:15. c. turn back to God (= seek penitently), אֶל־י׳ Ho 6:1; 7:10; 14:3; Je 3:7; 1 K 8:33, 48 (בְּכָל־לֵבָב), + 18 times; אֶל־אֱלֹהִים †Ho 5:4 ψ 51:15, cf. Is 10:21; עַל־י׳ †2 Ch 15:4; 30:9; עַד־י׳ Am 4:6, 8, 9, 10, 11; Ho 14:2; Is 9:12 + 5 times; עַד־שַׁדַּי †Jb 22:23; לי׳ Is 31:6, שׁ׳ נַפְשִׁי לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכִי ψ 116:7; cf. לַבַּעַל Ho 7:16 (for לֹא עַל, Now, cf. Marti); לְתוֹכַחְתִּי Pr 1:23 (prob. del., v. Toy). d. abs. repent, Ho 3:5; 11:5; Is 6:10; 10:22; Je 3:7, 12, 14, 22; 4:1; 5:3 + 14 times, + pt. as subst. Is 1:27. e. turn back from evil, c. מִן (especially Je Ez) 1 K 8:35; 13:33; Je 15:7; 18:8 + 8 times Je, Ez 3:19; 13:22 + 12 times Ez, + 9 times; cf. שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Is 59:20; שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Ez 18:30, so c. מֵעַל 14:6; from good, c. מִן, †Ez 3:20; 18:24, 26; 33:18. f. of י׳, שׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Ex 32:12 (JE), Dt 13:18; Jos 7:26 (J), 2 K 23:26; Jon 3:9; שׁ׳ מִמֶּנּוּ אַף־י׳ Ho 14:5; Je 2:35; 4:8; Nu 25:4 (P), 2 Ch 12:12; 29:10; 30:8, so (man’s anger) Gn 27:45 (J) and (abs.) v 44 (E); abs. of אַף־י׳ Is 5:25; 9:11, 16, 20; 10:4; 12:1; Je 23:20 (opp. יָצָא v 19), 30:24 Jb 14:13; Dn 9:16. g. of י׳, return (to shew favour), אֶל pers. †Gn 18:10 (+ inf. abs.), v 14 Zc 1:3; Mal 3:7; 2 Ch 30:6, abs. Is 63:17 ψ 80:15 (‖ הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), 90:13, + vb. Je 12:15 ψ 6:5 Jo 2:14 Jon 3:9; also in hostility, + vb. Jos 24:20 (E), c. inf. purpose Ho 11:9. h. of י׳, turn back from (מִן) judgment Je 4:28, אֱמֶת ψ 132:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. cease to bless, Je 32:40. 7. of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life): a. as perceptibly moving, water Gn 8:3 (J; מֵעַל loc.), Jos 4:18 (J; ל loc.), Ex 14:26 (P; עַל pers.), v 28 (P; + vb.), ψ 104:9 (ל inf.), sea Ex 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֹ); wind ψ 78:39 (opp. הלך), Ec 1:6 (עַל loc.); shadow 2 K 20:9, 10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), ‖ Is 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Ju 15:19; 1 S 30:12 (אֶל pers.); clouds Ec 12:2 (מִן temp.); rain and snow Is 55:10 (ה loc.); rolling stone Pr 26:27; sword 2 S 1:22 (מִן rei), Ez 21:10, arrow Je 50:9; of plague-spot = re-appear, Lv 14:43 (P). b. = be brought back, Gn 43:18 (J), 1 S 5:11 (ל loc.), hence be restored, ל pers. Ez 46:17, so of kingdom 1 K 12:26, city 1 S 7:14 (Ez 35:9 v. ישׁב 4), field Lv 27:24 (P); of animal Dt 28:31. c. = be turned into, ל rei, Is 29:17; = be turned back into, עַד rei, Mi 1:7. d. return, fig. of word, (1) Is 45:23, c. אֶל pers. 55:11 (both opp. יָצָא); (2) ψ 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Du). e. turn away, depart, of infamy Pr 25:10. f. return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., c. בְּרֹאשׁ 1 K 2:33; Ob 15 ψ 7:17, עַל־רֹאשׁ Est 9:25, ל pers. ψ 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph.), Pr 12:14. g. ψ 94:15 judgment (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith). h. of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction (P), -ה loc. Jos 19:12 (+ מִן loc.), v 34 (+ acc. loc.), acc. loc. also v 27, 29 (+ עַד loc.), v 29. i. be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand 1 K 13:6^(×2) (אֶל pers.), leprous hand Ex 4:7 (J; c. כ comp.), flesh 2 K 5:10 (ל pers.), v 14; Lv 13:16 (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן). †8. denoting repetition, etc. (Ges^{§ 120 d g}): + vb., return (and) do = do again, Gn 26:18; 30:31; Nu 11:4 (all J), Ju 19:7; 1 S 3:5, 6; 1 K 13:33; 19:6; 2 K 1:11, 13; 19:9; 21:3 = 2 Ch 33:3; Je 18:4; 36:28; Zc 5:1; 6:1; Mal 1:4; Jb 10:16; 17:10 ψ 7:13; Dn 9:25, perhaps also 2 Ch 19:4; cf. Is 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), La 3:3 appar. = do repeatedly; שׁ׳ + Inf. abs. Ec 4:1, 7; 9:11; in compar. עוֹד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Ez 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so v 13 and (מִן comp.) v 15; שׁ׳ + Inf. cstr. Dt 24:4; 30:9; Jos 5:2 (R^D), Je 36:28; Ez 8:17; Ezr 9:14; Ne 9:28; Jb 7:7; Ec 1:7: = reverse one’s action, + vb. Jos 2:23 (E), Ho 2:11; 2 K 13:25; Dt 30:3; Mi 7:19; Zc 8:15 ψ 71:20^(×2); 85:7; = restore to original condition by doing, + vb. Dt 23:14. 9. trans., peculiarly, in phr. שׁ׳ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., c. 21 times (v. שְׁבוּת sub שָׁבָה); שׁ׳ י׳ צִיּוֹן Is 52:8, שׁ׳ c. sf. pers. ψ 85:5; elsewhere only וְשָׁב י׳ אֶת־גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב וגו׳ Na 2:3, cf. Hiph. 9.

†Pōʿl. 1. bring back, Pf. 1 s. וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Je 50:19 (י׳ subj.), Inf. cstr. sf. בְּשׁוֹבְבִי, c. מִן loc. Ez 39:27 and (fig.) לְשׁוֹבֵב, c. אֶל pers. Is 49:5; Impf. 2 ms. תְּשׁוֹבֵב לָנוּ ψ 60:3 = take us back into power. 2. a. fig. restore, refresh, 3 ms. נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֹבֵב ψ 23:3 (י׳ subj.); cf. Hiph. 2 b. b. restore, repair, Pt. מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Is 58:12. 3. lead away (enticingly), Pf. 1 s. sf. (of Gog), י׳ subj., וְשׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ Ez 38:4 (del. Co), וְשֹׁ׳ 39:2; so fig. 3 fs. sf. וְדַעְתֵּךְ הִיא שׁוֹבְבָ֑תֶךְ Is 47:10 (of Bab.);—Je 50:6 v. Qal. 4. shew turning = apostatize (cf. Hiph. 8), Pf. 3 fs. שׁוֹבְבָה Je 8:5 (read שׁוֹבֵב, and del. ירושׁלם, c. 𝔊).—Vid. also שׁוֹבֵב infra.

†Puʿl. Pt. f. מְשׁוֹבֶ֫בֶת Ez 38:8 a land restored + מִן rei.—Vid. also שׁוֹבָב infra.

Hiph.₃₅₃ Pf. 3 ms. Gn 41:13 +; sf. וַהֲשִׁיבְךָ 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Dt 28:68; 2 ms. הֱשִׁיבוֹתָ ψ 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Dt 4:39; 30:1, sf. וַהֲשֵׁיבוֹתָם 2 Ch 6:25; 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֹתִי Am 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Nu 22:8 +, sf. וְהוֹשְׁבוֹתִים Zc 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֹתִים, v. ישׁב Hiph.), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיב Ex 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Dn 11:18, 19 > Qr v 18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Gn 20:14 +; sf. יְשִׁבֵנִי 2 S 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם 2 Ch 19:4 + 1 S 12:8 Vrss We Dr al.; 3 fpl. תָּשֵׁבְנָה Jb 20:10, etc.; Imv. ms. הָשֵׁב Gn 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב 2 K 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Is 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Ez 21:35 (v. Ke and still Toy; Ew Sm Krae Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Ju 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב Ex 23:4 +; cstr. הָשִׁיב Gn 42:35 +, etc.; Pt. מֵשִׁיב 20:7 +, etc.;—cause to return, bring back: 1. a. c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Gn 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), 28:15 (J), 42:37 (E), 48:21 (E), +; especially from exile 1 K 8:34 = 2 Ch 6:25; Je 27:22 + 5 times Je; + אֶל pers. 1 K 22:26 = 2 Ch 18:25; + עַל loc. Je 16:15; 23:3; 24:6; + ל loc. 12:15; + acc. loc. 2 S 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th We Dr al.), Dt 28:68; Ez 29:14; 47:6; 2 Ch 33:13, etc.; + מִן loc. Je 41:16; Zc 10:10, מֵאֵת pers. Je 41:16, מִן inf. 2 Ch 25:13; acc. pers. only Ju 19:3; 1 K 13:20, 23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Je 34:11, 16; = allow to return 15:19; acc. pers. + rei (= recover, recapture), 28:6 (+ אֶל loc., מִן loc.); = recover, rescue, Gn 14:16 (acc. pers. + rei), ψ 35:17 (acc. נַפְשִׁי, מִן rei); acc. rei + אֶל pers. Gn 44:8 (J), + עַל pers. Ex 15:9 (song), Pr 20:26; + אֶל loc. 1 K 14:28 = 2 Ch 12:11; Je 28:3; 2 Ch 24:11; acc. of hand, אֶל־פֶּה 1 S 14:27; Pr 19:24 26:15; especially of י׳’s hand, in judgment, sq. עַל Am 1:8; Is 1:25; Zc 13:7 ψ 81:15, also of man’s hand Je 6:9; Ez 38:12; + acc. loc. 2 S 15:25, 29; + שָׁם Ne 13:9; acc. rei alone Gn 43:12, 21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), 14:16 (= recapture), 1 S 6:21; 30:19; 1 K 13:29 (corpse), Lv 26:26 (H); c. acc. animal. 1 S 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Ez 34:4, 16 (fig.); shadow on dial 2 K 20:11 = Is 38:8.—Jb 39:12 v. Qal 3 b. b. put back: acc. rei, stone, עַל־פִּי הַבְּאֵר Gn 29:3 (J), veil עַל־פָּנָיו Ex 34:35 (P), Dagon לִמְקוֹמוֹ 1 S 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Nu 17:25 (P), sword, + אֶל of sheath, 1 Ch 21:27; Ez 21:35 (acc. om.); hand אֶל־חֵיק Ex 4:7^(×2) (J; opp. הוֹצִיא). c. = draw back, hand Gn 38:29 (J), 1 K 13:4 (opp. שָׁלַח; + אֶל reflex.), Jos 8:26 (E; opp. נטה), so fig., י׳ subj. La 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֹר), ψ 74:11; c. מִן = refrain from La 2:8; Ex 18:8, 17 (i.e. from oppressing), 20:22 (מִן om.); foot, c. מִן Is 58:13 (fig.); draw in breath Jb 9:18. d. = give back, restore, acc. pers. vel rei: + ל pers. Gn 20:14 (E), v 7 (E; acc. om.), Ex 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Dt 22:1 (id.; both acc. animal.), 24:13 (id.), Ex 22:25 (E), Ju 17:3^(×2), 4; 1 S 12:3; 2 S 9:7; Dt 22:2 (P), Ne 5:11, so 2 S 16:3; 1 K 12:21 = 2 Ch 11:1 (all acc. of kingdom), c. acc. צְדָקָה Jb 33:26; + אֶל pers. Gn 37:22 (E; acc. pers.); + אֶל loc. 42:25 (E); acc. rei only, 2 K 8:6; Ez 18:7 (read Inf. abs. שׁוֹב for חוֹב, Co Toy Krae), 18:12; 33:15; Lv 5:23 (P), Nu 5:7 (P; + בְּרֹאשׁוֹ = in full), ψ 69:5 (opp. גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Ju 11:13; 1 K 20:34; Ne 5:12, cf. 2 K 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back 2 K 13:25; 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = 2 Ch 26:2, boundary (i.e. re-establish it) 2 K 14:25; restore ruined city Dn 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֹת), conquered nation ψ 80:4, 8, 20; joy, acc. + ל pers. ψ 51:14.—2 S 8:3 v. יָד 2.—Acc. pers. only, Gn 20:7 (E), Is 42:22; restore to office, acc. pers. + עַל Gn 40:13, 21 (E), אֶל loc. 2 S 19:12, acc. pers. only, 2 S 19:11, 13, 44, cf. Is 1:26; = pay back money, Lv 25:27 (ל pers.), v 51, 52. e. = relinquish, c. acc. rei, Jb 20:10. f. = give in payment, requital, c. acc. rei + appos. 1 S 6:8 (ל pers.), v 17 (id.; cf. טְחוֹר); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), acc. rei 2 K 17:3 ψ 72:10, + ל pers. 2 K 3:4; 2 Ch 27:5; give in exchange Ez 27:15. g. bring one back (from dead) 2 S 12:23, so c. מִנִּי Jb 33:30; on other hand, אֶל־עָפָר Jb 10:9 = מָוֶת (acc.) 30:23, cf. עַד־דַּכָּא ψ 90:3. †2. a. bring back heart, לֵב, עַל pers. Mal 3:24; הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י׳ אֵלֶיךָ La 5:21 (< Bu restore, del. אליך); הֵשִׁיב אֶל־י׳ Ne 9:26 (cf. v 29), 2 Ch 19:4; 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Je 23:22, abs. 31:18. b. acc. נֶפֶשׁ = refresh La 1:11, 16, 19 ψ 19:8 Pr 25:13; Ru 4:15. 3. bring back words of people, אֶל־י׳ Ex 19:8 (E); then, in gen., bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + acc. pers. Gn 37:14; Nu 13:26; 22:8 (all E), Dt 1:22, 25; Jos 14:7 (R^D), 22:32 (P), + 8 times; = answer 1 S 17:30; 2 S 3:11; 1 K 12:6 = 2 Ch 10:6 + 6 times, + (acc. מִלִּין) Jb 35:4; also (דָּבָר om.) Jb 13:22; 20:2; 33:5, 32; 2 Ch 10:16; Ne 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); acc. אֲמָרִים + ל pers. Ju 5:29; Pr 22:21; later c. ל pers. alone 1 S 12:3; c. cl. orat. recta, אֶל pers. Est 4:13, 15; similar phrases, Ez 9:11; Pr 18:13; 24:26; 26:16; Hb 2:1; Jb 31:14; 32:14 (Gi v 15), 40:4. 4. a. bring back (in retribution), cf. Qal 7 f) upon, subj. often י׳, acc. of evil, Ju 9:56, בְּרֹאשׁ Ju 9:57; 1 S 25:39; 1 K 2:44; Jo 4:4, 7, עַל־רֹאשׁ 1 K 2:32, אֶל־רֹאשׁ Ne 3:36; ל pers. Gn 50:15 (E), 1 S 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v 4 25:21 (return evil for good), +, etc.; abs. = make requital, ל pers. 2 Ch 6:23 + (כ comp.) Ho 12:3; Pr 24:12, 29; †c. acc. of good, ל pers. 1 S 26:23; 2 S 16:12; Zc 9:12; c. כ comp. + ל pers. ψ 18:21, 25 = 2 S 22:21, 25, and (כ comp. only) 2 Ch 32:25; requite י׳’s benefits, acc. rei + לי׳ ψ 116:12, cf. Nu 18:9 (P). b. pay as recompense, כֶּסֶף יָשׁ׳ לִבְעָלָיו Ex 21:34 (E); so (fig.) of י׳, הֵשׁ׳ נָקָם לְ Dt 32:41, 43, לְהָשׁ׳ בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Is 66:15. 5. turn back, backward = repel, defeat, c. אֶת־פְּנֵי 2 K 18:24 = Is 36:9, acc. מִלְחָמָה Is 28:6, acc. of sword ψ 89:44, acc. pers. + אָחוֹר ψ 44:11 (+ מִנִּי pers.), Is 44:25 (fig., = refute, confute), fig. of calamity La 1:13; = repulse, hinder Je 2:24, especially acc. Is 14:27 (יַד־י׳), cf. 43:13, Jb 9:12; 11:10; 23:13; = reject, refuse, (אֶת־)פְּנֵי פ׳ 1 K 2:16, 17, 20^(×2) 2 Ch 6:42 ψ 132:10. †6. a. turn away face, fig., + מֵעַל rei Ez 14:6; acc. pers. + מִן rei Mal 2:6; anger of י׳ (acc.) + מֵעַל pers. Nu 25:11 (P), Pr 24:18, מִן pers. Je 18:20 Ezr 10:14; acc. only, Jb 9:13 ψ 78:38; 106:23; acc. of human anger Pr 15:1; 29:8. b. late, turn toward, acc. face, ל loc. Dn 11:18, 19, acc. foot, אֶל rei ψ 119:59 (fig.). †7. turn against, אֶל־אֵל, c. acc. רוּחֶ֑ךָ Jb 15:13. 8. לֵב, הֵשׁ׳ אֶל־לֵבָב bring back to mind, take into consideration, c. acc. La 3:21, sq. cl. with כִּ׳ Dt 4:39 (cf. Dr), obj. om. 30:1; 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Is 44:19, + (עַל) 46:8. 9. הֵשִׁיב אֶת־שְׁבוּת פ׳ Je 32:44; 33:7, 11; 49:6; La 2:14; Ez 39:25 + (Qr Hiph., Kt Qal) Je 33:26; 49:39; Jo 4:1 (v. Qal 9). †10. Hiph. declar., הָשׁ׳ מֵעַל Ez 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (i.e. turn away), cf. (מִן) 18:30, abs. הָשׁ׳ וִחְיוּ v 32; of י׳, השׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפֶּ֑ךָ ψ 85:4 (but read prob. הֲשִׁיבוֹתָה חֲרוֹן א׳ [6 a supra]); perhaps in physical sense Jon 1:13 (אֶל loc.; We Now sc. אֳנִיָּה, etc.). †11. reverse, revoke, acc. (sf.) rei, i.e. judgment, Am 1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 2:1, 4, 6; blessing Nu 23:20 (poem in E), edict Est 8:5, 8.

†Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּשֵׁב Gn 42:28 my money has been returned! cf. Pt. הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב 43:12 (both J); הַמּ׳ לי׳ Nu 5:8 (P) the אָשָׁם which is restored to י׳; pl. מוּשָׁבִים Je 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, c. מִן loc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוּשַׁב אֶת־מֹשֶׁה Ex 10:8 (J; cf. Ges^{§ 121 a, b}) Moses was brought back, c. אֶל pers.

† שׁוּבָה n.f. retirement, withdrawal (from war, etc., cf. Mi 2:8);—Is 30:15.

† II. [שִׁיבָה] cstr. שִׁיבַת restoration (?) ψ 126:1, but read שְׁבִית, v. sub שָׁבָה.—i. שִׁיבָה v. ישׁב.

† I. שׁוֹבָב adj. backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹבָב, Pt. Pōʿl. Ol^{§ 251 b} Ges^{§ 52 s} Kö^{i. 454});—שׁ׳ Is 57:17; pl. שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים Je 3:14, 22.—שׁובבים Je 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֹבְבוּם 𝔊 Comm., cf. √ Pōʿl.

† II. שׁוֹבָב n.pr.m. Σωβαβ, etc.:

1. son of David 2 S 5:14 = 1 Ch 14:4; 1 Ch 3:5.

2. son of Caleb 1 Ch 2:18.

† שׁוֹבֵב adj. backturning, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹ׳, v. i. שׁוֹבָב);—as subst., לְשׁו׳ Mi 2:4 (but read prob. שׁוֹבֵינוּ our captors); f. הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה Je 31:22 (of Israel), 49:4 (of Ammon).

† יָשׁוּב n.pr.m. usually Ιασουβ;—

1. in Issachar Nu 26:24 (P) 1 Ch 7:1 Qr (Kt ישיב).

2. one with foreign wife Ezr 10:29.—Is 7:3 v. שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב.

† יָשֻׁבִי adj.gent. of foregoing 1; c. art. as subst. coll. הַיּ׳ Nu 26:24.

† יָשֻׁ֫בִי לָ֑חֶם n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:22; 𝔊L ἐπέστρεψαν ἑαυτοῖς Λεεμ.

† יָֽשָׁבְעָם n.pr.m. a hero of David;—1 Ch 11:11, 12:7, 27:2 (ישֵׁב בַּשֶּׁבֶת, q.v. p. 444 supra, in 2 S 23:8, v. Dr); Ιεσεβαδα, Ιεσσεβααλ, Ισβααμ, etc.; read in all אִשְׁבַּעַל We al.

† י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶר n.pr.m. son of Zerubbabel, 1 Ch 3:20; Αροβασουκ, 𝔊L Ιωσαβεε.

† [מְשׁוּבָה], מְשֻׁבָה n.f. turning back, apostasy;—abs. מְשֻׁבָה Je 3:6 +; cstr. מְשׁוּבַת Pr 1:32; sf. מְשׁוּבָתָם Ho 14:5; pl. sf. מְשׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם Je 3:22, etc.;—backturning, apostasy, of Isr., Ho 14:5, מְשׁוּבָתִי 11:7 apostasy from me (si vera l.); of Judah Je 2:19; 3:22; 5:6; 8:5; 14:7 (all pl.) + Ez 37:23 (read מְשׁוּבֹתֵיהֶם for מוֹשְׁ׳, 𝔊 Comm.); מ׳ נִצַּחַת Je 8:5 enduring, perpetual apostasy; also as n. concr., appos. of foll. word, מְשֻׁבָה יִשׂ׳ Je 3:6, 8, 11, 12 apostate one, Israel. Of individual, מְשׁוּבַת פְּתָיִם Pr 1:32.

† מְשׁוֹבָב n.pr.m. in Simeon, 1 Ch 4:34; Μοσωβαβ, 𝔊L ἐπιστρέφων.

† [תְּשׁוּבָה] n.f. return, answer;—

1. sf. וּתְשֻׁבָתוֹ הָרָמָ֫תָה 1 S 7:17 and his return was (= he returned) to Rama.

2. especially cstr. לִתְשׁוּבַת הַשָּׁנָה at the return of the year, i.e. of spring, 2 S 11:1; 1 K 20:22, 26; 2 Ch 36:10, לְעֵת תְּשׁ׳ הַשּׁ׳ 1 Ch 20:1 (‖ 2 S 11:1).

3. answer, pl. abs. תְּשֻׁבֹת Jb 34:36, sf. תְּשׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם 21:34.

שׁוּבָאֵל v. שְׁבוּאֵל (cf. Sab. n.pr. תֿובאל Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198 n.} Hal ⁴⁸⁵ DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16}).

† שׁוֹבַךְ n.pr.m. Aramaean general, 2 S 10:16, 18 (Σωβακ, 𝔊L Σαβεε), = שׁוֹפַךְ 1 Ch 19:16, 18 (Σωφαρ, Σαφαθ; A Σωφαχ, Σωβαχ, 𝔊L Σωφακ).

שׁוֹבָל n.pr. v. שׁבל.

שׁוֹבָק, שׁוֹבֵק n.pr. v. שׁבק.

שׁוג (√ of following; ‖ form of שׁגג, שׁגה).

† [מְשׁוּגָה] n.f. error;—sf. מְשׁוּגָתִי Jb 19:4 (? read מְשֻׁגָּתִי).

שׁוֹד Jb 5:21 van d. H., for i. שֹׁד q.v. sub שׁדד.

[שׁוּד] vb., יָשׁוּד ψ 91:6 v. שׁדד.

† I. שָׁוָה vb. (be even, smooth, v. Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble (Arabic سوى ii. make even, flat, uniform (with something else); Aramaic שְׁוָא (der. spec.) be like, ܫܘܳܐ be equal, fit, like, Pa. lay out smoothly, Aph. make plain, fit, worthy);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. לֹא שׁ׳ לִי Jb 33:27 (si vera l.) it was not equalled to me, i.e. (v. infra; according to most) not requited (so De Di Da, and Is 16:6 𝔗); Bu אֵל לֹא שִׁוָּה God did not requite (or שִׁלֵּם for שׁוה); Du לֹא שִׁוָּה כַעֲוֹנִי (cf. 𝔊); Impf. 1 s. of י׳, אֶל־מִי … אֶשְׁוֶה Is 40:25 to whom shall I be like? (‖ תְּדַמְּיוּנִי), implying that he is incomp.; 3 mpl. לֹא יִשְׁווּ־בָהּ Pr 3:15 are not comparable with her (wisdom), so 8:11; 2 ms. פֶּן־תִּשְׁוֶה־לוֹ Pr 26:4 lest thou be like him (a fool); Pt. שֹׁוֶה בְּ Est 7:4 is not an equivalent for; c. לְ, suitable for 3:8, so 1:22 Hi Or Ry^Kau (reading כֹּל שֹׁוֶה עִמּוֹ for כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ, but v. Siegf.); adequate for 5:13.

Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁוָּה Is 28:25 he hath levelled its (the ground’s) surface; 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַמְתִּי נַפְשִׁי ψ 131:2 I have smoothed (composed) and stilled my soul; so, sc. נַפְשִׁי Is 38:13 𝔙 Ges De al., Houb Lo Che Du al. read שִׁוַּעְתִּי I cried; acc. מִשְׁפָּטִים 119:30 accounted suitable, meet (‖ דֶּרֶךְ אֱמוּנָה בָּחָ֑רְתִּי), Hi, cf. Gr v 128 (v. Qal Est 3:8); We ins. לְנֶגְדִּי (II. שׁ׳, cf. ψ 16:8); Zenner Du אִוִּיתִי.