שׁ Šin, 21st letter (with שׂ); = 300 in post B. Hebrew.
•שֶׁ, also († Gn 6:3 [? v. 4 a], Ju 5:7, 5:7, Ct 1:7, Jb 19:29 [?]) •שַׁ, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה † Ju 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא † Ec 2:22, שְׁהֵם † 3:18 (elsewhere before gutt. שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי † Ct 1:6, Ec 2:18, שֶׁאֵין † Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם † Ct 6:5, La 4:9, שֶׁעַל † Ju 7:12, 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי † Ct 5:2), rel. part. who, which, that, etc. (constantly in NH; Aram. of Nerab, Ldzb:371, 445; As. sha; Ph. אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb:227 f.): acc. to Ges Ew:§ 181 b Ol:p. 439 Sta:§ 176 e, abbrev. from אֲשֶׁר; more prob. (Sperling [v. אֲשֶׁר], Kö:ii. 323 f.) an original demonstr. part.), syn. with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Heb., and passages with N. Palest. colouring, viz. † Ju 5:7, 5:7 [אֲשֶׁר v:27], 6:17, 7:12, 8:26, 2 K 6:11 (v.
1. as pron. who, which, whom, Ju 7:12 כַּהוֹל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (cf. חוֹל c), Ps 122:3, 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Ct 1:7, 3:1, 1 Ch 27:27, Ec 1:11, 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (vb.) is that which his days amount to (Hi De al.), v:10; •הוּא שֶׁ that which 1:9, 1:9; in the genit., •אַשְׁרֵי שֶׁ † Ps 137:8, 137:9, 146:5.—On •מַה־שֶּׁ in Ec = whatever, what, v. מָה 1 e b.
2. as a connecting link; = where (cf. אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), •מְקוֹם שֶׁ † Ec 1:7, 11:3 (cf. מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר Gn 39:20 +: Ges:§ 130 c), whither Ps 122:4 ( שֶׁשָּׁם :), when Ct 8:8, Ec 12:3 •בַּיּוֹם שֶׁ (cf. ib. 4 b a).
3.as a conj. (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8);—a. that, after רָאָה Ec 2:13, 3:18, יָרַע 1:17, 2:14, 9:5, Jb 19:19 (? v. p. 192:b), דִּבֶּר Ec 2:15, אָמַר 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Ju 6:17; as subj. of sentence, Ec 3:13, 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Ct 5:9 (usu. כִּי; v. מָךְ 1 d b), •מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ how comes it that ... ? Ec 7:10; (b) Ct 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַּרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (Germ. kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ec 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְחָא to the intent that ..., 5:15 כָּל־עֻמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, •עַד שֶׁ (•עַד † Ju 5:7) until that Ps 123:2, Ct 2:7; 2:17 + (v. III. עַד II 1 a a and b; cf. NH Yoma 5:1), while 1:12 (ib. 2 d); •עָשָׂהשֶׁ to make or cause that ..., † Ec 3:14 (cf. Ez 36:27). b. involving a reason (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Ct 1:6, 1:6, 5:2, Ec 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה † Ct 1:7 since why ? = lest (v. מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds: a. •בְּשֶׁ, i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ec 2:16; also (acc. to MT LXX SyrVer Hu De) Gn 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but v. שָׁגַג. b. •כּֽשֶׁ, i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455:—(a) according as Ec 5:14, 12:7; (b) when (so oft. NH, as Ab 1:8, 1:8, 1:8, 1:14) 9:12, 10:3. c. •מִשֶּׁ, i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2 K 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo Kamp:Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? cf. LXX); Ec 5:4 than that (cf. מֵאֲשֶׁר 3:22), + 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; cf. 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genit.: thrice, adding slight emph. to the sf., Ct 1:6 = 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (lit. my vineyard, which is mine), 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֽמֹה (so oft. in NH, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁל־אהרו be of Aaron’s disciples, 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁל־מִחְוֹת, v:2, 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁל־מלכות; cf. ܕܺܝܠ in Syr., as Lk 6:42 ܕܺܝܠܝ ܡܶܠܰܝ my words, Nö:§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל lit. through that which belongs to or concerns, pleon. for on account of (a late, unidiom. transl. of Aram. בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onḳ Gn 12:13 בדילי on my account, 30:27, 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּרִיל מָא on account of what ? Ju 8:1, 2 S 9:1, 1 K 11:12, 11:39, etc.), Jon 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (‖ v:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי: v. p. 84; prob. a gloss), v:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (Targum בְּרִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ec 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiom. transl. of Aram. בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gn 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Heb. בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palm. בדיל רי Ldzb:233,—in Tariff 1:4 (Cooke:N. .Sem. Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).
[שֹׁא] v. [שׁוֹא]. p. 996
† [שָׁאַב] vb. draw (water) (NH id., also attract; Aram. שְׁאֵיב, of magnet; Ar. وَأَبَ be satisfied with drinking);—Qal Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וּשְׁאַבְתֶּם Is 12:3; Impf. 3 fs. וַּתִּשְׁאַב Gn 24:20, אָָב- v:45; 1 s. אֶשְׁאָָב v:19, v:44; 3 mpl. יִשְׁאֲבוּן Ru 2:9, וַיִּשְׁאֲבוּ 1 S 7:6 + 2 t.; Imv. fs. שֹׁאֲבִי Na 3:14; Pt. ms. שֹׁאֵב Dt 29:10, pl. cstr. שֹׁאֲבֵי Jos 9:21, 9:23, 9:27; fpl. הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת Gn 24:11;—draw water, c. acc. מַיִם Gn 24:13 (J), 1 S 7:6, 9:11, + מִן of source 2 S 23:16 = 1 Ch 11:18, Is 12:3 (fig.); לָךְמָחוֹר שׁ׳ :מֵ׳: Na 3:14; מַיִם om. Gn 24:20, 24:43, 24:45 and (+ ל of animals) v:19, v:20, v:44 (all J); c. acc. אֲשֶׁר Ru 2:9 drink of that which the young men drew; Pt. fpl. Gn 24:11 the water-drawing women; m. שֹׁאֵב מֵימֶיךָ Dt 29:10 (servile labour, ‖חֹטֵב עֵחֶיּךָ ), so mpl. Jos 9:21, 9:23, 9:27 (P; all c. ל, and all ‖חֹטְבֵי עֵחִים ).
† [מַשְׁאָב] n. [m.] appar. drawing place of water; only pl. מַשְׁאַבִּים Ju 5:11.
† שָׁאַג vb. roar (NH id.; Ar. شَأَجَ low, bleat, Frey);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְשׁ׳: Is 5:29 Kt consec. (> Qr יִשְׁאַג), שָׁאָ֖ג Am 3:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַג Am 3:4 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאֹג Je 25:30; Pt. יִשֹׁאֵג Ju 14:5, Ps 22:14, שׁוֹאֵג Ez 22:25, שֹׁאֲגִים Zp 3:3, Ps 104:21;—
1. roar, of lion Ju 14:5 (c. לִקְרָאתוֹ), Am 3:4, 3:8, Ps 104:21 (c. ל of prey), fig. of invaders and foes Je 2:15 (c. עַל pers.) Ps 22:14, cf. 74:4, sim. Is 5:29, Je 51:38; fig. of rapacious rulers Zp 3:3, Ez 22:25 (read נְשִׂיאֶיהָ for נְבִיאֶתהָ LXX and mod.); of י׳: (like lion) calling scattered Isr. Ho 11:10, 11:10 (on text of v. see Now); of י׳: roaring in thunder Je 25:30 a = Am 1:2 = Jo 3:16, also Je 25:30 (שָׁאֹג יִשְׁאַג, sq. עַל־נָוֵהוּ); cf. יִשְׁאַג־קוֹל Jb 37:4 (‖יַָרְעֵם ).
2. of human cry in distress Ps 38:9 (c. מִן causat.).
† שְׁאָגָה n. f. roaring;—
1. like lion, abs. שׁ׳: Is 5:29 (of invaders); of lion, cstr. שַׁאֲגַת Zc 11:3, Jb 4:10 (fig. of wicked), sf. קוֹל שַׁאֲגָתוֹ Ez 19:7 (fig. of conquering king).
2. human cry in distress, שַׁאֲגְתִי Ps 32:3, דִּבְרֵי שׁ׳: 22:2, שַׁאֲגֹתָָי Jb 3:24.
שֹׁאָה v. שׁוֹאָה sub שׁוא. p. 966
† I. [שָׁאָה] vb. make a din or crash, crash into ruins (prh. akin to שׁוֹאָה (√ שׁוא) storm, devastation; >Aram. ܫܗܳܐ be deserted, שַׁהֲוָוא, שַׁהֲוָתָא desert);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָׁאוּ Is 6:11 until cities have crashed into ruins; + perh. Na 1:5 (p. 671a). Niph. Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁאֶה שְׁמָמָה Is 6:11, usu., and the ground be ruined into a desolation, but LXX Lo Du Marti תִּשָּׁאֵר be left a desol.; 3 mpl. יִשָּׁאָוּן Is 17:12 they are in uproar (of nations, ‖יֶהֱמָיוּן ), v:13 (but del. as doublet Du Che:Hpt Marti). Hiph. Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁאוֹת Is 37:26, = לַהְשׁוֹת 2 K 19:25 (Ges:§ 23 f Kö:i. 570, who follow van d. H. in giving לְהַשְׁאוֹת as Qr, but v. Baer Gi), to cause ... cities to crash into ruined heaps.
† שַׁאֲוָה Kt, שׁוֹאָה Qr, n.f. devastating strom:—sim.Pr 1:27 (‖סוּפָה ). V.שׁוֹאָה,√ II. שׁוא.
† שְׁאִיָּה n.f. ruin;—Is 24:12 (late).
† שָׁאוֹן n.m.:Ho 10:14 roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar;—abs. שׁ׳: Ho 10:14 +; cstr. שְׁאוֹן Is 13:4 +; sf. שְׁאוֹנָהּ 5:14;—
1. roar of water (waves), Is 17:12 (‖הָמָה ), sim. of noise of invading host, so v:13, but del. Du Che:Hpt Marti, as doublet; roar of this host v:12 (‖הָמוֹן ), cf. שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Je 51:55 of waves also Ps 65:8, 65:8; of din, or crash of battle Am 2:2, Ho 10:14, Ps 74:23; בְּנֵי שׁ׳: Je 48:45 (i. e. warriors); of battle in which י׳: beats down his foes Je 25:31, cf. Is 66:6; of gathering hosts Is 13:4; זָרִים 25:3 (Du Marti, plausibly, גְּאוֹן זְדִים , as 13:11); rd.שׁ׳: also prob. (for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v.) 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29; in mocking appell. of Pharaoh (Necho), Je 46:17 פּ׳: (LXX SyrVer Vulgate) קִרְאוּ שֵׁם call ye the name of Ph. a crash.
2. uproar of revellers Is 5:14, 24:8.—בּוֹר שׁ׳: Ps 40:3, pit of roaring (of waters? fig., cf. מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם 69:3, where also ‖יָוִן ); Thes al. of destruction (v. √ 2), but against usage of שָׁאוֹן; > Du prop. בּוֹר שָׁוְא (cf. נָפַת שָׁוְא Is 30:28). p. 996
† שֵׁאת n.f. doubtful word; perh. (for *שֶׁאֶת) din of battle (= שָׁאוֹן); Thes al. devastation, cf. שְׁאִיָּה; either meaning suits הַשּׁ׳: La 3:47 (‖הַשָָּׁבֶר ; but We:Comp.Hex. 2, 351, from II. שׁוא, desolation); contr. (acc. to Thes and most) < שֵׁת, in בְּנֵי שֵׁת Nu 24:l7(J) sons of (battle-)din (warriors, = שָׁאוֹן בְּנֵי in ‖ Je 48:45); Vrss take שֵׁת here as n.pr.; Gray prop. שֵׂת = שְׂאֵת, pride, or reading as Je cf. We:Comp. 351.
† II. [שָׁאָה] vb. Hithp. gaze (appar. ‖ form of שָׁעָה, q.v.);—Pt. ms. הָאִישׁ מִשְׁתָּאֵה לָהּ Gn 24:21(J) the man was gazing at her (Ges:§ 130 a).
[שָׁאט], שְׁאָט v. II. שׁוּט. p. 1002
שְׁאִיָּה v. I. שׁאה. above
שָׁאַל vb. ask, inquire (NH id.; As.ša’âlu, Ar. سَأَلَ Eth. sa0ala: Sab. מסאל request petition, Hom:Chrest.124 Levy-Os:ZMG xix(1865), 165; Aram. ܫܶܐܠ , שְׁאֵיל; OAram. Zinj. שאל Ldzb:371, Nab. Hiph. lend Id:ib.;—on שׁ׳: cf. Jastr:JBL xix (1900), 82 ff.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms.שׁ׳: Ju 5:25 +, שָׁאָָל Ju 8:26 +2 t.; consec. וְשָׁ֫אַל לוֹ Nu 27:21; sf. וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consec. Gn 32:18 (Ges:§ 64 f), אֵלֵךָ consec. Ju 4:20; 1 s. sf. שְׁאִלְתִּיו 1 S 1:20, שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ Ju 13:16; 3 pl. sf. שְׁאֵלוּנוּ Ps 137:3; 2 mpl. שְׁאֶלְתֶּם 1 S 12:13 (de1. LXX Th We Dr and most), Jb 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלָתֶּם־ consec. 1 S 25:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַל Ex 22:13 + ,etc.; Imv. שְׁאַל Is 7:11 +, שְׁאָלוּנִי 1s 45:11 ( < תִּשְׁאְֵלוּנִי WeirChe al.), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאוֹל Gn 43:7 +; cstr. לִשְׁאֹל Ju 1:14 +, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁאֵל 2 S 3:13 +, fs. שֹׁאֶלֶת 1 K 2:20, 2:22, mpl. הַשֹּׁאֲלִים 1 S 8:10; pass. שָׁאוּל 1:28, 2 K 6:5;—
1. a. ask, ask for, acc. rei (vel pers.) Ju 5:25, 8:26, 1 K 3:10, Ps 122:6 (= pray for) +; אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת שׁ׳: 1 K 19:4, Jon 4:8, i. e. pray for death, but Jb 31:30 demand the life of another בְּאָלָה by a curse; c. ל pers. 1 K 2:22, 2:22 + (ל pers. reflex.) 1 S 12:17, 12:19 +; c. מִן pers. Ju 8:24 (acc. cogn.), Ezr 8:22, Zc 10:1+; sq. inf. 1 K 3:11; sq. cl. :מָה אֶתֶּן־לָֽח שׁ׳: 1 K 3:5 = 2 Ch 1:7, cf. 2 K 2:9; c. acc. + מֵאֵת pers. 1 S 8:10, Ps 27:4(from י׳:) +; + מֵעִם pers. Is 7:11 (from י׳:) +; c. acc. pers. (from whom) + rei † Ps 137:3; acc. om. Is 7:12, 1 S 12:20, 1 K 2:20, c. מִן pers. Ps 2:8; abs. Mi 7:3, Ps 105:40 (of prayer); הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל 2 K 2:10, i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing.—1 S 2:20 v. Hiph. b. specif. ask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e. borrow (cf. לָוָה, as matter of business, v. Bu:1 S 1:28), Ex 22:13 (E; acc. rei + מֵעִם pers.), 2 K 4:3 (acc. rei + מִן of source + ל pers. reflex.), 6:5 (pt. pass. abs.); so also (acc. to many), c. acc. rei Ex 3:22( + מִן pers.), 11:2, 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת pers. ; all E),—it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; pt. pass. שָׁאוּל לי׳: 1 S 1:28 (lent, granted,) made over to י׳: (in effect pass. of Hiph., q.v.). c. in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), c. acc. 2 Ch 11:23, Ec 2:10 (subj. עֵינַי); Pr 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָָיִן and there shall be none.
2. a. inquire of, c. acc. pers. + לֵאמֹר before inquiry Gn 32:18 (E), 44:19 (J) +; c. וְאָנַר Ju 4:20, וַיּאִמֶר, etc., Gn 24:47(J), Je 37:13; sq. וְאָמַר without acc. pers. Gn 32:30 (J), cf. 1 S 19:22, sq. לֵאמֹר Jos 4:6 (JE); c. acc. pers. + עַל rei Ne 1:2; עַל rei alone, Ec 7:10 ( + מֵחָכְמָה, i. e. prompted by wisdom); c. acc. pers. + rei (about which) 2 S 14:18, Is 45:11 + 4 t.; acc. pers. + indir. quest. Ju 13:6; c. acc. pers. only, Ju 8:14, 1 S 25:8, Dt 32:7 +, inquire of beasts (acc.) Jb 12:7; c. acc. rei only, Je 50:5; c. ל pers. = acc. 2 K 8:6 (Kö:Synt. § 289 h); c. ל rei about which Gn 26:7 (J), 32:30 (J), Ju 13:18, 2 S 11:7; Je 6:16, Jb 8:8, also ( + לאמר before the inquiry) Gn 43:7 (J), and (sq. direct question) Dt 4:32; c. ל pers. about whom, Gn 43:27 (J), cf. phr. of greeting, אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם שׁ׳: Ex 18:7 (E) ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, cf. † Ju 18:15, 1 S 10:4, 17:22, 25:5, 30:21 [read וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ לוֹ LXX SyrVer We Dr HPS Bu] 2 S 8:10, Je 15:5, 1 Ch 18:10; sq. direct question only, 1 S 17:56, Je 18:13 (c. ב loc.), sq. indirect question only (c.אִם) Je 30:6; אֶת־פִּי שׁ׳: פ׳: Gn 24:57(J); abs. make inquiry Dt 13:15 ( + דָּרַשׁ, חָקַר). † b. inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (Jastr:JBL xix (1900) 88 ff.), sq. acc. פִּי י׳: Jos 9:14 (JE), Is 30:2 י׳: 65:1 (‖בִּקֵּשׁ ) ; elsewhere in Hex only (acc. om.), Nu 27:21 (P; c. ל pers. for whom, + ב instr.), cf. Jos 19:50; also אוֹב שׁ׳: Dt 18:11 (pt. as subst.; Jäger:BAS ii. 292 cp. As. maššaku ša šâ’ili, i. e. skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, cf. Jastr:JBL xix (l900), 96 ff.); c. acc. of human agent 1 S 28:16, Je 38:14, 38:27; usu. (ancient usage, chiefly Ju Sm) לֵאמֹר בי׳ :שׁ׳: (בְּ perh. orig. local, so GFM, or instr.), Ju 1:1, 20:23, 1 S 23:2, 30:8, 2 S 2:1, 5:19=1 Ch 14:10; לֵאמֹר om. 1 S 10:22 (sq. direct question), 22:10 (ל pers. for whom), 23:4, 28:6, 2 S 5:23 = 1 Ch 14:14, Ju 20:27; בֵּאלֽהִים שׁ׳: Ju 18:5, 20:18, 1 S 14:37; (sq. direct question), also (ל pers. for whom), 22:13, 22:15; שׁ׳: בִּדְבַר הָא׳: 2 S 16:23; likewise בְּעֵחוֹ שׁ׳: Ho 4:12 (i.e. his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים Ez 21:26, בָּאוֹב 1 Ch 10:13; perh. = receive as oracle Dt 18:16 (מֵעִם י׳:, Jastr:1.c. † Niph. ask for oneself (Ges:§ 51 e), specif. ask leave of absence, c. מִן pers.: Pf. 3 ms. + Inf. abs. נִשְׁאֹל נִשְׁאַל 1 S 20:6 (sq. inf.), v:28 (sq. עַד; ? ins. ל inf. HPS); Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁאַלְתִּי מִן־הַמֶּלֶח Ne 13:6 (abs.). † Pi. 1. inquire carefully: Impf. 3 mpl. + Qal Inf. abs. יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ 2 S 20:18 (Bu prop. Qal Impf. יִשְׁאֲלוּ), c. ב loc.; on foll. context v. We Dr HPS Bu. 2. beg, practise beggary, ,Pf. 3 pl. שִׁאֵָלוּ (consec.) Ps 109:10. Hiph. (prop. let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): Pf. 1 s. sf. הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ לי׳: 1 S 1:28 I have made him over to י׳: (cf. Dr HPS Bu and Qal Pt. pass., ib.); perhaps also read 3 fs. הִשְׁאִילָה לי׳: 2:20 (whom) she hath made over to י׳: (for שָׁאַל לי׳:) Bu HPS (after LXX. in part; other conj. in Dr); Impf. 3 mpl. sf. rei וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם Ex 12:36 (E) and they handed them over.
† שְׁאָל n.pr.m. with foreign wife, Ezr 10:29, LXX Σαλουια, LXXL Ασσαηλ.
שָׁאוּל n.pr.m. ( = asked (of י׳:), cf שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל infr.; Palm. n.pr. שאילא Lzb:371 Cooke:283);—Σαονλ:
1.:397 1st king of Isr., 1 S 9:2, 9:3, 9:3, 9:5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 t.Sm, 28 t. 1 Chr, Ps 18:1, 52:2, 54:2, 57:1, 59:1 (all in titles); גִּבְעַת שׁ׳: Is 10:29 (and 1 S 11:4, 15:34; 2 S 21:6 v. II . גִּבְעָה). †
2. a king of Edom Gn 36:37, 36:38 (P) = 1 Ch 1:48, 1:49 †
3. a son of Simeon Gn 46:10, Ex 6:15, Nu 26:13 (all P) = 1 Ch 4:24. †
4. a Levite 1 Ch 6:9.
† שָֽׁאוּלִי adj.gent. of 3. supra: c. arc. = n.pr.coll. הַשּׁ׳: Nu 26:13(P).
שְׁאָ֫לָה Is 7:11 v. שְׁאוֹל
1. below
† שְׁאֵלָה [ I. שֵׁלָה] n.f. request, thing asked for:—שְׁא׳: Ju 8:24, +; sf. שְׁאֵלָתִּי 1 S 1:27 +, שֶׁאֱלָתּי Jb 6:8, שְׁאֵלָתֵךְ Est 5:6 +, שֵׁלָתֵךְ 1 S 1:17, שֶׁאֱלָתָם Ps 106:15;—
1. request, petition, Ju 8:24, 1 K 2:16; 2:20 (both acc. cogn. c. שָׁאַל), Est 5:6, 5:7 (c. נָתַן = grant), 7:2, 7:3, 9:12. This passes easily into
2. thing asked for, 1 S 2:20, c. נָתַן Est 5:8, Ps 106:15; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳: Jb 6:8.—II. שֵׁלָה v. infr. אֶשָׁתָּאֹל n.pr.m., v. p. 84:a. p. 1017
† [מִשׁאָלָה] n.f. request, petition;—pl. cstr. מִשְׁאֲלֽת לִבָָּךָ Ps 37:4 (c. נָתַן, of י׳:); sf.מִשְׁאֲלוֹתֶיךָ 20:6 (c. מִלֵּא, of י׳:).
† שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל n.pr.m. (I have asked (him) of God; on acc. cf. (late) Ps 137:3);—first son of Jehoiachin and uncle of Zerubbabel acc. to 1 Ch 3:17 (cf. v:18, v:19); but Z.’s father Hg 1:1, 2:23, Ez 3:2, 3:8, Ne 12:1 (attempts at explain. in Be Kit Benz).—Σαλαθιηλ.
† שְׁאוֹל, שְׁאֹל n.f.:Ps 86:13 (appar. m. Jb 26:6 cf. Is 14:9, v. Albr:ZAW xvi(1896), 51) Shₑ’ôl, underworld (√ dub.; שׁאל , i.e. palce of inquiry (ref. to necromancy) Jastr:Am. Jsem. Lang. xiv. 170. cf. JBL xix (1900), 88 ff. (Jerem:Lebenn. d. Tode 109 ‘Ort der Entscheidung’); Thes Bö:De inf. § 158 Di al. cp. √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hallow hand, etc.; שׁ׳: then = hallow place, ‘Hölle’, hell; other conj. v. Hup:Ps. 6:6 De:Is. 5:14 Beer:Bibl. Hades in Holtzmann:Festgabe,1902, 15; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); OAram. שאול, Syr. ܫܝܽܘܠ; As. šu-alu is dub.: so read and interpr. D1:pa l2l; Prol.47. 145 Jastr:Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. l65 ff. Ency. Bib:s.v.; opp. by Bertin:TSBA viii. 269 Jen:Kosmol.223 ff. Zim:KAT 3. 636 al.; v. also Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi (1892), 169 and reff.);—alw. abs., שְׁאוֹל Dt 32:22 + 52 t.,ה—ָ Gn 42:38, Ps 9:18; שְׁאֹל 1 K 2:6, Jb 17:16, ה—ָ Gn 37:35 + 7 t.; + Is 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most);—
1. the underworld, תַּחְתִּית שׁ׳: Dt 32:22, מִתַּחַת Is 14:9; מִָטָּה Pr 15:24; ‖מָוֶת 5:5, 7:27, Ct 8:6, Ps 89:49; whither men descend at death, Gn 37:35 (E), 42:38, 44:29, 44:31 (J), 1 S 2:6, 1 K 2:6, 2:9, Jb 7:9, 21:13, Is 14:11, 14:15, Ps 88:4, and Ḳoraḥ and associates go down alive by י׳:’s judgment, Nu 16:30, 16:33 (J), cf. Ps 55:16; under mts. and sea Jb 26:6 (cf. v:5), בֶּטֶן שׁ׳: Jon 2:3 (cf. v:7); with bars Jb 17:16 (si vera 1.: v.LXX Du); פִּי שׁ׳: Ps 141:7; שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳: Is 38:10; personif. Is 28:15, 28:18 (‖מות ). as insatiable monster 5:14, Hb 2:5, Pr 1:12, 27:20, 30:16; as said (fig.) to have snares, חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳: Ps 18:6 = 2 S 22:6 cf. מְחָרֵי שׁ׳: Ps 116:3; opp. (height of) שָׁמַיִם Am 9:2, Jb 11:8, Ps 139:8 + (opp. לְמָָעְלָה) Is 7:11 (v. supra); dark, gloomy, without return Jb 17:13 (cf. v:16, 7:9, 10:21, 16:22; all being alike 3:17–19, 21:23–26 ); without work or knowledge or wisdom acc. to Ec 9:5, 9:6, 9:10 (cf. Jb 14:21, and v. רְפָאִים sub רפה; yet cf. Is 14:9 f.).
2. condition of righteous and wicked disting. in שׁ׳: (later than 1 S 28, esp. inWisdLt): a. wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁאָוֹלָה Ps 9:18, יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ׳: 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away 49:15, 49:15; שׁ׳: consumes them as drought water Jb 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) Ps 6:6 (cf. 88:5), Is 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing Ps 30:4, 86:13, Pr 23:14. In Ezek. שׁ׳: is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Ez 31:15, 31:16, 31:17, 32:21, 32:27 b. righteous shall not be aban-doned, לשׁ׳: Ps 16:10 (‖שַׁחַת q.v.; opp. אִרַח חַיִּים etc., v:11, cf. 17:15), is ransomed from שׁ׳: 49:16 (cf. 73:23, 73:25, Is 57:1, 57:2); cf. Job’s expectation and desire Jb 14:13, 17:13 (cf. 10:21, 19:25 f.).
3. later distinction of places in שׁ׳:: a. depths of שׁ׳: for sensualist Pr 9:18. b. זַאֲבַדּוֹן שׁ׳: Pr 15:11, v. אֲבַדּוֹן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֹר, q. v., when ‖ שׁ׳:, are usu. in bad sense(Ps 88:4); prob. = pit in שׁ׳:, > שׁ׳: itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of postB. Judaism and NT.]
4. שׁ׳: fig. of extreme degradation in sin Is 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Ho 13:14, 13:14 (cf. Is 26:19).
† [שָׁאַן] vb. Pa‘l. (Ges:§ 55d) be at ease or at peace, rest securely (Syr. ܫܰܝܶܢ pacify, ܫܰܝܢܳܐ Eth.san0: peace);—Pf. 3 ms. שַׁאֲנַן Je 48:11, וְשׁ׳: consec. 30:10 +; 3 pl. שַׁאֲנָָנוּ Jb 3:18;—be at ease, secure, undisturbed by ill fortune: וְשָׁקַט וְשׁ׳: וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד Je 30:10 = 46:27; 48:11 (of Moab); מִפַּחַד רָעָה שׁ׳: Pr 1:33; of rest from trouble, etc., in grave Jb 3:18.
שְׁאָן v. בֵּית שְׁאָן. P. 112
† שַׁאֲנָן adj. at ease, secure (Ba:NB § 143a Ges:§ 84 b k);—abs.שׁ׳: Is 33:20; pl. שַׁאֲנִּים Am 6:l + , שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Is 32:9, 32:11, 32:18;—
1. at ease, secure: נָוֶה שׁ׳: Is 33:20 ,secure habitation (of Jerus.), cf. מְנוּחוֹת שׁ׳: 32:18 (‖מִבְטָחִים ).
2. as subst., one at ease, free from misfortune, Jb 12:5.
3. at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant, Am 6:1, Is 32:9, 32:11, Zc 1:15, Ps 123:4.
4. as subst. abstr. = arrogance: sf. שַׁאֲנַנְךָ, 2 K 19:28 (‖הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ ) = Is 37:29, but < שְׁאוֹנְךָ thine uproar, Bu:ZAW xii (1892), 36 Gr Che Marti Kit (perh.), Bur. Cf. שׁלאנן.
שׁאסיך Je 30:16 Kt v. שׁסס, שׁסה. p. 1042
† I. שָׁאַף vb. gasp, pant, pant after, long for (so Targum Jb 7:2);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְשָׁאַף consec. Jb 5:5, 3 fs. שָֽׁאֲפָה Je 2:24, 3 pl. שָֽׁאֲפוּ 14:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַף Jb 7:2, etc.; Pt. act. שׁוֹאֵף Ec 1:5;—
1. gasp, as a woman in travail, fig. of י׳:, Is 42:14 (‖נָשַׁם ); pant after, snuff up the wind (acc.), of wild ass Je 2:24, 14:6; constr. praegn.וְאֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ שׁ׳: Ec 1:5 unto his place he panteth (comes panting), of sun under fig. of racer.
2. gasp or pant with desire Ps 119:131 (‖יָאַב ); pant after, be eager for, c. acc. Jb 5:5 (cf. חַמִּים p. 855:b), 7:2 (‖יְקַוֶּה ), 36:20 (but obscure in context).
† II. [שָׁאַף] vb. crush, trample upon (‖ form of שׁוּף (q.v.), if pointing right, cf. Kö:i. 439; We Now read שָׁאפִים, etc., from שׁוּף, cf. Ges:§ 72 p; perh. orig. pulverize by rubbing, but also appar. by pounding, stamping, treading, Levy:Ch WB שׁוּף, Jastr:Dict.שׁוּף, שׁאף;—most make = I. שׁאף, but Vrss render as above);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. שְׁאָפַ֫נִי Ps 56:2, 3 pl. שָֽׁאֲפוּ v:3; ,Inf. abs. שָׁאֹף Ez 36:3; Pt. sf. שֹׁאֲפִי Ps 57:4; pl. שֹׁאֲפִים Am 2:7, 8:4;—trample upon, crush (the poor, etc.), fig., c. acc. pers. Am 8:4; strangely 2:7 (We Now Marti del. לְַ־עֲפַר־אֶרֶץ, which Torrey:JBL xv (1896), 152 expl. as old doublet, cf. LXX SyrVer; AVRV pant after the dust, etc., hyperb. for extreme avarice, cf. Hi Dr; but Dr thinks Vulgate poss. original: crush the heads of the poor upon the dust [cf. Is 3:15], in any case del. בְּ after שׁ׳: crush); אֶתְכֶם מִסָּבִיב שַׁמּוֹת וְשׁ׳: Ez 36:3; Ps 56:2, 57:4 and (acc. om.) 56:3.
I.שָׁאַר vb. remain, be left over (Syn. יָתַר (NH id.; Targum שְׁאַר; Sab. סאר remaining Hom:Chr l24; Ar. سَأَرَ, سَئِرَ be left over, Lane, cf. Lane, cf. Lag:GGN 1889, 297; OAram. שאר remainder, Nab. שארית, v. Lzb:371 SAC:110);—† Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: 1 S 16:11 the youngest still remains. Niph.:93 Pf. 3ms. נִשְׁאַר Gn 47:18 +; 3 fs.נִשְׁאֲרָה Jos 13:1, Dn 10:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁאֵר Is 11:11, 11:16, וַיִּשּׁ֫אֶר Gn 7:23, etc.; ,Pt. נִשְׁאָר Gn 32:9 +, וְנֵאשֲׁאַר Ez 9:8 (read וְנִשְׁאָר Hi Toy Krae, וָאֶשָּׁ֫אֶר Sm; del. LXX Hi Co Siegf Berthol); f. נִשְׁאָרָה 2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31, נִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת Ex 10:5, 2 Ch 30:6, נִשְׁאָ֫רֶת Jos 13:2, etc.;—
1. be left over (sts. ‖) Ex 8:27, 10:19, 14:28 (all J), Jos 11:22 (D), Ju 7:3, 2 S 14:7 +; in restrictive cl. זוּלַת לא נ׳: 2 K 24:14 there were left only, etc.,אדֹנִי בִּלְתִּי אִם וגו׳: Gn 47:18 (J); sq. acc. adv. (Ges :§ 118 q), or appos., Dt 4:27 Ezr 9:15, cf. בִּמְתֵי מְעָָט נ׳: Dt 28:62 (Ges:§ 119 i); sts. c. ב loc. Ex 8:5, 8:7 (J), Je 38:22 +; c. אֵת (prep. loc.) † Jos 23:7, 23:12 (D); c. מִן = be left from (of) † Ex 10:5 (J), Dt 3:11, Jos 13:12 (D), Is 11:11, 11:16, Je 8:3 a (pt.; v:b del. הַנּ׳: LXX SyrVer Hi Gf Gie Co), Ne 1:2, 1:3, מְעַט מֵהַרְבֵּה נ׳: Je 42:2; c. לְ to or for, † 2 K 10:11, 10:17 (pt.), Zc 9:7, 2 Ch 21:17, לָכֶם מִן־הַבָּרָד הַנּ׳: Ex 10:5, cf. 2 Ch 30:6 and (ב loc. for ל ) Je 21:7; c.בְּ in, among, of, † 1 S 11:11, Is 17:6, Je 34:7, 37:10, Lv 26:36, 26:39 (H; pt.), 25:52 (P; of years), even בַּדָּם הַנּ׳: 5:9 (P) the rest of the blood; c. לְַ † 1 S 5:4; c. inf. לְרִשְׁתָּהּ נ׳: † Jos 13:1 (D); = be left alive, survive, † Gn 7:23 (J), Ez 9:8 (but on text v. supr.); הַנּ׳: = the survivors, † Gn 14:10, 1 S 11:11, Ez 17:21; pt. as term. techn. = the (purified) remainder, remnant (cf. שְׁאָר , שְׁאֵרִית) Is 4:3 (ב loc.; ‖), 2 Ch 34:21 (ב loc.).—הַנּ׳: 1 S 9:24 is dub.; what is left over, in polite depreciation, Bu; read הַשְּׁאֵר HPS.
2. be left behind, Ex 10:26 (E), Nu 11:26 (JE); c. לְבַדּוֹ Gn 42:38 (J), cf. Is 49:21, Dn 10:8; of widow Ru 1:3 + מִן of the dead v:5. † Hiph. Pf. 3 ms.הִשְׁאִיר Ex 10:12 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁאִיר Dt 28:51, 1 pl. נַשְׁאֵר 1 S 14:36 (Ges:§ 48 g; 109 d Kö:p. 466 f.), etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁאִיר Ezr 9:8, v. also infr.;—1. leave over, spare, c. acc. Ex 10:12(E), 2 K 25:22, Je 49:9 = Ob:5, Jos 11:14 (D), Ju 6:4; אֶסְלַח לַאֲשֶׁר אַשׁ׳: Je 50:20; esp. שָׂרִיד לאֹ הִשׁ׳: leave no survivor, Jos 10:28, cf v:30, v:37, v:39, v:40 (all D), so שׂ׳ :דְַ־בִּלְתִּי הִשׁ׳: (sts. c. ל pers.) Nu 21:35(E) = Dt 3:3, cf. Dt 2:34, Jos 8:22, 11:8 (both JE), 10:33(D), 2 K 10:11, and מִבְּלִי לוֹ כָֹּל הִשׁ׳:Dt 28:55 (in all these rd. Inf. cstr. הַשׁ׳:, v. Dr:Dt 3:3, 7:24); c. ב , among, of, 1 S 14:36, ב loc. 1 K 19:18, Zp 3:12 (in both of preserving a pious remnant, cf. שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית), also 2 K 3:25 (Bur rds. בָּנֶיהָ for אֲבָנֶיהָ, Kit אֲנָשִׁים, cf. Klo Benz); c. לְ pers. Dt 28:51, 1 K 15:29, 16:11, 2 K 13:7, Ezr 9:8; c. מִן, from, of, 2 K 10:14, מִן part. 1 S 25:22, 2 K 25:12 = Je 52:16, Je 39:10. 2., leave or keep over (מִן part.) till morning Nu 9:12 (P).
3. מֵאָה תַּשׁ׳: Am 5:3 the city shall have 100 left, cf. v:3.
4. leave as a gift, אַחֲרָיו בְּרָכָה וְהִשׁ׳: Jo 2:14.—We Now read וַיַּשְׁאֵר Mal 2:15, v. שְׁאָר. below
† שְׁאָר n.m.:Is 16:14 rest, residue, remnant ( = יֶתֶר, esp. Is. and late; on form Kö:ii. 1, 141 Nö:Beitr. r. Sem. W. 30);—שׁ׳: abs. Is 14:22 +, cstr. Is 10:19 +;—rest, residue, remainder, of trees Is 10:19, silver 2 Ch 24:14, city 1 Ch 11:8, territory Est 9:12; דִּבְרֵי שְׁלֽמהֹ שׁ׳: 2 Ch 9:29 (יֶתֶר in ‖ 1 K 11:41, and usu. in like phrase, v. p. 451 f.); of men 1 Ch 16:41, Ezr 3:8, 4:3, 4:7, Ne 10:29, 11:1, 11:20, Est 9:16; of Moab Is 16:14, Aram 17:3 ( = last remnant), archers of Kedar 21:17; ‖ posterity, וָנֶכֶד Is 14:22 (of Babylon); הַבַּעַל שׁ׳: Zp 1:4, i. e. Baal, to the last remnant, vestige (soWe al.; LXX שֵׁם, cf. Schwally Now GASm); term. techn. = purified remnant of Israel (Gie:Beiträge 37 f.) Is 10:20 (‖פְּלֵיטָה ), v:21, v:21, v:22, 11:11, 11:16, 28:5.—רוּחַ לוֹ וּשׁ׳: Mal 2:15 is obscure; read לָנוּ וַיַּשְׁאֵר ר׳: We Now, cf. GASm.
† שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב n.pr.m. of Isaiah’s son Is 7:3 ( = a remnant shall return, cf. 10:21; LXX ὁ καταλειφθείς ̓Ιασουβ.)
† שְׁאֵרִית n.f. rest, residue, remnant, remainder ( = שָׁאָר);—שׁ׳: abs. 2 S 14:7 +, cstr. Ez 36:3 +, שֵׁרִית (Ges:§ 23 f) 1 Ch 12:39 (van d. H. v:38); sf. שְׁאֵרִיתֵח Is 14:30, Ez 5:10, תוֹ- Is 44:17, תָם- Je 15:9;—
1. rest, what is left, of wood Is 44:17, land 15:9 (‖פְּלֵיטָה ), Je 47:4, 47:5, Ez 25:16; חֵמֹת שׁ׳: Ps 76:11is difficult (Gr [cf.Che] prop. חֲמָת Hamath, Du אֻמֹּת tribes); rest of princes Je 39:3, of nations ( = the other nations, Toy) Ez 36:3, 36:4, 36:5; of Israel 1 Ch 12:39 (van d. H. v:38), 2 Ch 34:9, Ne 7:71 (van d. H. v:72); = last remnant of people, Philistines Am 1:8 (cf. We), Is 14:30, Edom Am 9:12, Anathoth Je 11:23, Ashdod 25:20, Babylon 50:26, Amalek 1 Ch 4:43(+ הַפְּלֵיטָה), Isr. 2 K 21:14, Je 6:9, 15:9; remnant left after catastrophe Am 5:15, Je 8:3, 24:8, 40:11, 40:15, 41:10, 41:16, 42:2, 42:15, 42:19, 43:5, 44:12, 44:14, 44:28, Ez 5:10, 9:8, 11:13, Hag 1:12, 1:14, 2:2, even וְשַׂמְתִּי אֶת־הַצֹּלֵעָה לִשׁ׳: Mi 4:7 (as promise, ‖עָחוּם cf. Gie:Beitriige, 42f.); = survivors Je 44:7, מִן־הַחֶרֶב הַשּׁ׳: 2 Ch 36:20; = faithful remnant of Israel or Judah (term. techn. of proph., cf. שְׁאָר ad fin.), 2 K 19:4 = Is 37:4, 2 K 19:31 (‖פְּלֵיטָה ) = Is 37:32 (‖ id.), Mi 2:12, 5:6, 5:7, 7:18, Ezr 9:14 (‖ id.), Is 46:3, Je 23:3, 31:7, Zp 2:7, 2:9 (‖יֶתֶר ), 3:13, Zc 8:6, 8:11, 8:12.
2. remainder = descendants ( = שְׁאָר Is 14:22): Gn 45:7, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳: 2 S 14:7.
II. שׁאר (√ of foll.; cf. As. šêru, Pun. שאר, flesh, Ar.شَأرُ blood-revenge, so Sab. תַאר, Sab. Denkm:No. 5, 1. 7; perhaps orig. blood (cf. Je 51:35), Nö:ZMG xi (1886), 723 and Id:M 101, who cp. Mand. תירתא = ܬܺܝܪܬܳܐ conscience, mind, etc., perh. prop. midriff, cf. Hoffm:infr.).
† שְׁאֵר n.m.:Ps 73:26 flesh (perh. orig. the inner flesh, full of blood, next the bones, cf. Hoffm:ZAW iii (1883), 107, and בָּשָׂר = (orig.) flesh next the. skin);—שׁ׳: abs. Ps 78:20, 78:27, cstr. Mi 3:3 +, sf. שְׁאֵרִי Je 51:35, Ps 73:26, etc;—
1. flesh : a. as food, Ex 21:10 (HPS also 1 S 9:24, for הַנִּשְׁאָר), Ps 78:20 (‖לֶחֶם ), v:27 (‖עוֹף כָּנָף ); fig. Mi 3:2 (‖עוֹר ), v:3 (‖ id.), Je 51:35 (‖דָּם ), b. fig. for physical power Ps 73:26 (+ לֵבָב), Pr 5:11 (+ בָּשָׂר).
2. in HP = flesh- (= blood-) relation (i.e. one near of kin):שְׁאֵר אָבִיךָ Lv 18:12 cf, v:13, 20:19, also 18:17 (read שְׁאֵרְךָ for שַׁאֲרָה LXX Ew Dr-Wh;cf. of. Di Baen); + אֵלָיו הַקָּרֹב 21:2, Nu 27:11 בְשָׂרוֹ שׁ׳: Lv 18:6, 25:49.
3. = self, Pr 11:17 (‖נֶפֶשׁ ),
שַׁאֲרָה Lv 18:17 v. שְׂאֵר, 2. above
† שֶׁאֱרָה n.pr.f. ‘daughter’ of Ephraim;—בִּתּוֹ שׁ׳: 1 Ch 7:24 (v. also n.pr.loc. אֻזֵּן שׁ׳: p. 25:a supr.); LXX:B ἐκείνοις τ. καταλοίποις, but LXXL (cf.LXX:A) ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτοῦ Σαραα.
מִשְׁאֶרֶת v. p. 602:a supr.
שֵׁאת v. שׁאה. p. 981
† שְׁבָא n.pr.gent. et terr. Shₑbâ in SW.Arabia (Sab. סבא DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 9, סבא vb. = make campaign Mordt:HI 72 or expedition Sab. Denkm.:No.12, 1. 5, 14; cf. DSMargoliouth:Hast DB SHEBA FB:Ency.Bib. SHEBA and reff);—Sheba: מַלְכַּת־שׁ׳: 1 K 10:1, 10:4, 10:10, 10:13 = 2 Ch 9:1, 9:3, 9:9, 9:12; מַלְכֵי שׁ׳: Ps 72:10; famous for trade,רֹכְלֵי שׁ׳: Ez 27:22, 27:23, הֲלִיכֹת שׁ׳: Jb 6:19 (‖תֵּמָא ); yielding costly wares Ez 38:13, זְהַב שׁ׳: Ps 72:15, לְבוֹנָה מִשּׁ׳: Je 6:20 (‖מֵאֶרֶץ מֶרְחָק , cf. foll.), paying homage and tribute to Israel in future Is 60:6; descended from (Yoḳtan and) Shem Gn 10:28 (J) = 1 Ch 1:22, from (Yoḳshan and) Abr. and Ḳeṭûrâh Gn 25:3 (J ?) = 1 Ch 1:32 (i.e. a northern branch of Sheba, + דְּדָן, q.v.), but from כּוּשׁ Gn 10:7 (P) = 1 Ch 1:9; marauders, N.Arabia, Jb 1:15
† שְׁבָאִי adj. gent. only pl. as subst., לִשְׁבָאִים (Baer Ginsb שְׁבָא֯יִם) Jo 4:8 (‖אֶלאגּוֹי רָחוֹק , cf. Je 6:20 supr.), > LXX Me Now לַשְּׁבִי into captivity.
I. שׁבב (NH שָׁבַב Pi. hew; Ar.سَبَّ cut, Aram. (Talm.) שִׁבָּא splinter, of. Mand. dim. שאבוניא Nö:M 140).
† שְׁבָבִים) n[m] pl. probably splinters;—יִהְיֶה עֵגֶל שֹׁמְרוֹן שׁ׳: Ho 8:6 (cf. We; Vrss appar, oonjecture).
II. II. † שׁבב (As, šabâbu, blaze, cf. Syr. ܫܰܒ burn, ܫܒܺܝܺܒܳܐ ray, flesh (Lexx., cf, PS); Ar.شَبّ is blaze up (cf Ba:ES 50) but ش = שׁ ? (Another; etymology in Ber:Dn 8:22)).
† [שָׁבִיב] n.m. probably flame (Baram. שְׁבִינ);—cstr. וְלאֹ יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Jb 18:5 (‖אוֹר ); so Ecclus 8:10, 45:19.
שָׁבָה vb. take captive (NH, OAram.id.;Ar. سَبَا (سبي; Aram. שְׁבָא, ܫܒܳܐ)—Qal Pf. 3ms שׁ׳: Je 41:14; sf.וְשָׁבָם (consec) 43:12 (but rd. וְשָׁבָה Gie; Du conj.וְשֽׁמְמוּ); 2ms שָׁבִיתָ 2 K 6:22, Ps 68:19, etc., Impf. 3ms. וַיִּשְׁבְּ Nu 21:1, Je 41:10, etc.; Imv.ms וּשְׁבֵה Ju 5:12; Inf. cstr. שְׁבוֹת Ob:11; Pt. act. Pl. שֹׁבִים Is 14:2, etc.; pass. mpl. שְׁבוּיִם Is 61:1, fpl. cstr. שְׁבֻיוֹת Gn 31:26;—take captive 1.a. c. acc. pers., Nu 24:22 (JE), 1 S 30:2, 2 K 5:2, 6:22 (+ ב instr.) Je 41:10, 41:10 (but v:10 b Gie reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, cf. LXX Luc), v:14, Gn 34:29 (P), 2 Ch 28:8 (+ מִן part), + 6 t.; + Je 43:12 appar. c. acc. idols (but v. supra; acc. land Gie). b. acc. חֵילוֹ Ob:11 הָֽרְכוּשׁ 2 Ch 21:17, cattle, etc., 1 Ch 5:21, 2 Ch 14:14 c. pt. in periphrast. conjug. (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) וְהָיוּ שֹׁבִים Is 14:2; pt. c. sf. = their captives, etc., 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36, Is 14:2, Je 50:33, +5 t.; Pt. pass. Is 61:1 = captives; כִּשְׁבֻיוֹת חָָרֶב Gn 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword. 2. c. acc. cogn. שְׁבִי Ju 5:12 lead captive thy captives, cf. Ps 68:19, 2 Ch 28:17, so (+ מִן pers.) Nu 21:1 (JE), and (acc. שִׁבְיָה) 2 Ch 28:5, 28:11; שִׁבְיוֹ שׁ׳: Dt 21:10 = take him captive. † Niph. be taken captive: Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבָּה, of man Gn 14:14, of beast Ex 22:9 (E), of עֵדֶר י׳: Je 13:17; 3 pl. נִשְׁבּוּ, human subj. 1 S 30:8, 30:5, 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Ez 6:9.
† שְׁבִי n.m.:1 S 49:24 captivity, captives (coll.);—שׁ׳: abs. Ex 12:29 +, cstr. Ezr 2:1 +; שֶָׁבִי Nu 21:1 +; sf. שֶׁבְיְךָ Ju 5:12, שִׁבְיוֹ Dt 21:10, שְׁבִיכֶם Nu 31:19, etc.;—
1. = state of captivity, הָלַח בַּשְּׁ׳: Am 9:4, Dt 28:41, Na 3:10, Je 20:6, 22:22, 30:16, Ez 12:11 (+ בַּגּוֹלָה) 30:17, 30:18, Is 46:2, La 1:18, = הָלַח שְׁבִי v:5 בַּשְּׁבִי יָבִא Dn 11:8; נָתַן בַּשְּׁ׳: Ezr 9:7, נָתַן לַשְּׁ׳: Ps 78:61, לֻקַּח בַּשֶָּׁבִי Je 48:46; וַאֲשֶׁר לַשְּׁבִי לַשֶָּׁבִי Je 15:2, 43:11, וְנָשֵׁינוּ בַּשְּׁ׳: 2 Ch 29:9 בִּשְׁבִי instr. of judgment Dn 11:33; אֶרֶץ שׁ׳: Je 30:10, 46:27, 2 Ch 6:37, 6:38; phr. of deliverance (only Ezr Ne): נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִן־הַשְּׁ׳: Ne 1:2, cf .v:3, הַשָּׁבִים מִן־הַשְּׁ׳: 8:17, הָעֹלִים מִשְּׁבִי הַגּוֹלָה Ezr 2:1 = Ne 7:6, הַבָּאִים מֵהַשְּׁ׳: Ezr 3:8, 8:35.
2. act of capture, סוּסֵיכֶם עִם שׁ׳: Am 4:10; שִׁמְלַת שִׁבְיָהּ Dt 21:13 i. e. garb in which she was captured (> others captivity, in both: Am 4:10 = your captive horses; Dt 21:13 he captive’s garb). 3 = captives (coll): Ex 12:29 (J), Nu 31:12, 31:19, 31:26 (man and beast), Is 20:4 (‖גָּלוּת 49:24, 49:25, Hb 1:9 + Ez 32:9 LXX al. (v. שֶׁבֶר ad fin); appar. fs. Is 52:2 (but v. שָׁבִי); object of שָׁבָה (q.v.) Ju 5:12 (> שֹׁבֶיךָ SyrVer JDMich We Bu Now), Nu 21:1 (JE), Dt 21:10, Ps 68:19, 2 Ch 28:17.
† שָׁבִי adj. vel n.m. whence] שְׁבִיָּה n.f. captive (cf. Rahlfs:עני u. ענר in Psalm., 63);—בַּת־חִיּוֹן שׁ׳: Is 52:2b (Bev:JPhII. xcii (1888) p.127 ingeniously, שְׁבִי הַבַּת, וגו׳: cf. ‖שְׁבִי , v:a and, on הַבּ׳:, La 2:13; read also יְרוּשָׁלָָםִ שׁ׳: v:a (for שְׁבִי ) Oort Bu Du Che:HPt Marti.
† שִׁבְיָה n.f. captivity, captives (coll.), cf.שְׁבִי ;—always abs. שׁ׳:;—
1. state of captivity, Je 48:46 (of בָּבוֹת ,‖שְׁבִי of בָּנִים); אֶרֶץ שׁ׳: Ne 3:36.
2. body of captives, Dt 21:11, 32:42 ‖), 2 Ch 28:14, 28:15, object of שָׁבָה , v:5 (גדולה שׁ׳:), הָשִׁיבוּ הַשּׁ׳: אֲשֶׁר שְׁבִיתֶם v:11.
† שְׁבִית, שְׁבוּת n.f. id. (√ שׁבה LXX Thes SS Preusschen: ZAWxv (1895),1 ff. Krae :Ez 16:53; > √ שׁוב Ew:JBW v (1852–3), 216 F.; §165B Ol:§ 412,417 Bö:§ 464 Kue:TTijdschr.vii.519 ff. Oort:Ib.xiv.157 Schwally:ZAWviii (1888), 200 al.; Kö:ii.1. 166 f.474;ii.2, §329 i thinks deriv.of שׁבה and שׁוב are confused, cf. Ew:§ 166b);—abs. שְׁבִית Nu 21:29; cstr. שְׁבוּת Ho 6:11 + , sf שְׁבוּתְךָ Dt 30:3 שְׁבִיתְהֶן Ez 16:53 a (v. infr.), שְׁבוּתֵיכֶם Zp 3:20 (rd. תְכֶם- Now GASm), etc. [MT has שְׁבוּת, etc. 16 t., +Kt (שְׁבִית Qr) Zp 2:7, Ps 85:2, 126:4+ Ez 16:53 a (Gi, but Baer שְׁבִיתְהֶן Kt et Qr, v. his note), +Qr (Kt שׁבית) Je 29:14, 49:39, Ez 16:53 b, c +v:d (but < rd.וְשַׁבְתִּ֫י for וּשְׁב֯יו Vrss Comm.), La 2:14, Jb 42:10; שְׁבִית Kt et Qr Nu 21:29, שְׁבִיתַתִךְ Ez 16:53 (but Co Krae שְׁבוּתֵח) ; שְׁכִית prob. earlier Ew :§ 186b al. Ps 126:1 rd. prob. שְׁבִית for שִׁיבַת;—
1. in cl. נָתַן בַּשְּׁבִית Nu 21:29 (JE) give his daughters into captivity (or as captives, ‖פְּלֵיטִם of sons, cf. Je 48:46; cf. (perh.) La 1:7 (v. [מִשְׁבָּת] sub שׁכת).
2. in phr. restore the captivity of, acc. after שׁוּב , הֵשִׁיב, י׳: subj. [vb. Qal Dt 30:3+ 15 t.,+Ez 16:53d Ps 126:1 (v. infr.); Hiph. Je 32:41+ 5t., + Qal Kt, Hiph. Qr, Je 33:26 + 2 t.]: ,a. of Isr. (or Judah) Ho 6:11 (LXX. joins to 7:1, so, as gloss, We Now), Zp 2:7, 3:20, Dt 30:3, Je 29:14, 30:3, 30:18 (אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב שׁ׳:), 31:23, 32:44, 33:7, 33:7, 33:11 (הָאָרֶץ שׁ׳:), v:26, La 2:14 (subj. proph.), Ez 16:53 a,c,d (on text v. supr.), 39:25, Am 9:14, Jo 4:1, Ps 14:7 = 53:6, 85:2, 126:1 (v. supr.), v:4. b. of other nations Je 48:47 (cf. v:46), 49:6, 49:39, Ez 29:14 (cf. v:13). c. appar. in more gen, sense,restore fortunes of Sodom Ez 16:53 (Krae, cf. foll.). d. restore fortunes of individuals, Jb 42:10.
† שְׁבוֹ n. [f.] a precious stone (relation to above √ dub .;= As. šubû LXX. Volgate agate);—Ex 28:19=39:12 (+לֶשֶׁם, אַחְלָָמָה).
† שֹׁבִי n.pr.m. appar. Ammonite prince, וְשׁ׳: 2 S 17:27, LXX. Ουεσβει, LXXL καί ΖεΘεει.
† שֹׁבָָי n.pr.m. in post-ex. Israel Ezr 2:42= Ne 7:45, LXX:B Αβαου (Ezr), Σαβει, A (Ezr), LXXL σωβαι.
† שְׁבוּאֵל שְׁבֻאֵל n.pr.m. son of Gershom 1 Ch 23:16, 26:24 (שְׁבֻ׳:) = שׁוּבָאֵל 24:20, 24:20, of Heman 25:4 = שׁוּבָאֵל v:20 (cf. Benz on these lists).—LXX. in all usu. Σουβαηλ, LXXL usu.—βιηλ.
† [תִּשְׁבֶּה] n.pr.loc. (fr. above √ );—read prob. מִתִּשְׁבֵּה גִלְעָד (or תִּשְׁבֵּי) 1 K 17:1 (for MT מִתּשָׁבֵיּ) LXX. ἐκ Θεσβῶν (LXXL Θεσσενῶν) τν͂ς Γαλααδ, so Jos ; Ew Th We Kmp Benz Kit Burney al. ; home of Elijah ; v. Kasteren:ZPV xiii (1890) 207 ff. cp. mod. Istib, in mts. of Ajhûn, so Buhl:G 257.
† תִּשְׁבִּי adj.gent., אֵלִיָּהוּ הַתּ׳: 1 K 17:1, 21:17, 21:28, 2 K 1:3, 1:8, 9:36;—ὀ Θεσβ(ε)ίτης
† I. [שָׁבַח] vb.Pi. soothe, still (Ar. سَبَخَ be free from care, etc., Jen:ZA 1 (1886),188;iv (1889),269, cp. As. pašâḫu, grow calm, so Ba:ES9 Schulthess:Lex.) ;—Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf יְשַׁבְּחֶָנָּה Pr 29:11he stilleth it, i.e. רוּחוֹ his temper (Bi Toy read חָשַׁךְ אַפּוֹ ); 2 ms. sf תְּשַׁבְּחֵם Ps 89:10 thou stillest them, i.e. waves (‖גֵּאוּת הַיָּם ). Hiph. Pt. (prob. Mass. error for Pi. מְשַׁבֵּחַ) מַשְׁבִּיחַ שְׁאוֹן יַמִּים Ps 65:8 stilling the roar of the seas.
† II. [שָׁבַח] vb. Pi. laud, praise (late Aramaism, cf. Aram. (incl. OAram.) שׁבח, ܫܒܚ , Pa. praise v.Schwaly:Idiot. 91 Schulth:Lex:—
1. laud, rraise; God.(י׳:) : Impf. 3 mpl. sfיְשַׁבְּחָוּמְךָ Ps 63:4 (‖בֵּרַח ); Imv. fs שַׁבְּחִי 147:12, mpl. sf שַׁבְּהּ֫וּהוּ 117:1(both ‖הִלֵּל ); his works, Impf. 3ms יְשַׁבַּח 145:4 (‖הִגִּיד )
2. commend,congratulate, the dead, Inf.abs. שַׁבֵּחַ Ec 4:2 (Ges:§ 113gg; c. מִן comp.); mirth, as best thing, Pf. 1 s. שִׁבַּחְתִּי Ec 8:15. Hitph. boast of (בְּ) : Inf.cstr. הִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ Ps 106:47 = 1 Ch 16:35, LXX (ἐγ) καυχᾶσθαι ἐν
† יִשְׁבַּח n.pr.m. in Judah(?; cf.Lag:BN131);—1 Ch 4:17; Μαρεθ, A Ιεσαβα, LXXL Ιασαφατ.
שׁבט ( √ of foll.; cf. As. šabâṭu, smite, slay, šibṭu, rod, scepter; NH שֵׁבֶט = BH, also שָׁבַט beat (denom.? so Nö:ZMG xi(l886), 736, but too scep-tical); Sab. סבטם rod, blow, Sab.Denkm.:No 21. 1. 5; Aram. שִׁבְטָא, ܫܰܒܛܳܐ = BH ; loan-word in Egypt. demot. šbtë, pl. hierogl. ša-b-dï-y, WMM:As.u.Eur.89; Lewy:Fremudw122 cp. σπάθη ).
שֵׁ֫בֶט:189 n.m.:Nu 24:17 (f.:Ez 21:15, 21:18 but corrupt) :
1. rod, staff, club, sceptre.
2. tribe ;—שׁ׳: abs. Gn 49:10+, cstr. 1 S 10:20 +; שָָׁטֶ Dt 1:23 +; sf שִׁבְטוֹ Ju 21:24+, etc.; pl. שְׁבָטִים 1 K 11:31 +, cstr. שִׁבְטֵי Gn 49:16 +, sf שְׁבָטֶיךָ Dt 12:14 +, etc.;—† 1.a. rod, staff (evidently common article), for smiting (esp.הִכָּה בַשּׁ׳:) Ex 21:20 (E), Mi 4:l4, Is 10:15 (in sim.; ‖מַטֶּה ), Pr 10:13 +; מוּסָר שׁ׳: cf. 29:15; for beating (חָבַט) cummin Is 28:27 (‖מַטֶּה ); as (inferior) weapon (opp. חֲנִית) 2 S 23:21= 1 Ch 11:3 (cf.מַקֵּל 1 S 17:40, 17:43); fig. of י׳:’s chastisement: national Is 10:24, 30:31 (both ‖מַטֶּה ), 14:29, אַפִּי שׁ׳: 10:5 עֶבְרָתוֹ שׁ׳: La 3:1; individual Jb 9:34, 21:9 (אֱלוֹהַּ שׁ׳:), 37:13, 2 S 7:14 (אֲנָשִׁים שׁ׳:, i.e. not in-human), Ps 89:33 (both ‖נְגָעִים ). b. shaft, i.e. spear, dart, 2 S 18:14, but < read שְׁלָחִים LXX βέλη Th We Kit HPS Bu. c. shepherd’s implement, club, Ps 23:4 (‖מִשְׁעֶנֶת ), רְעֵה בְשׁ׳: Mi 7:14 (both fig. of י׳:); used in mustering or counting sheep Ez 20:37 (fig.), Lv 27:32 (cf. Je 33:13), v. Mackie:Hast. DB RoD d. truncheon, sceptre, mark of authority, סֹפֵר שׁ׳: Ju 5:14, משְׁלִים שׁ׳: Is 14:5 (‖מַטֶּה ), Gn 49:10 (poem in J; (‖מְהֹקֵק ), Zc 10:11 (Ps 45:7, 45:7, Ez 19:11, 19:14 (made from a branch, מַטֶּה); a ruler is תּוֹמֵח שׁ׳: Am 1:5, 1:8; as symbol of conquest Nu 24:17 (JE); בַּרְזֶל שׁ׳: Ps 2:9 (of Mess. king);הָרֶשַׁע שׁ׳: 125:3; עֶבְרָתוֹ שׁ׳: Pr 22:8 (si vera l., cf. Frankenb. Toy).—Vid. מַטֶּה, מַקֵּל, מִשְׁעֶנֶת. 2. 145:tribe (syn.מַטֶּה, q.v. 3, p. 641:b), esp. a. of (12) tribes of Israel, Gn 49:16, 49:28 (poem in J), Dt 33:5 (poem), Ex 24:4 (E), + oft. [JE 13 t., D 28 t. (מַטֶּה JED), P 9 t. (cf. Gray:Nu 4:18; מ׳: 150 t. + in P); Ju 15 t. (never מ׳:), S 14 t. (never מ׳:), K 13 t,. (מ׳: 2 t.), Chr 15 t. (מ׳: 23 t.), PsalmPsalm, 7 t. (never מ׳:), proph. 16 t. (מ׳: † Hb 3:9, very dub.)]; Ju 20:12, 1 S 9:21 rd. שֵׁבֶט (or שִׁבְטִי Ges:§ 90 I, We Sta:§ 343 e Dr, for שִׁבְטֵי), Vrss (GFM:Ju); שִׁבְטֵי־יָהּ Ps 122:4; שִׁבְטֵי נַחֲלָתֶָךָ Is 63:17. b. sg. of people (of Judah, late) Ps 74:2, but Je 10:16 = 51:19 del. נ׳ :שׁ׳: Gf Gie Du. c. of subdivision of tribe, מִשְׁפְּחוֹת וגו׳ :שׁ׳: Nu 4:18 (P).—2 S 7:7 rd. שֹׁפְטֵי (cf. v:11, ‖ 1 Ch 17:6, Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu al.)
† שַׁרְבִַיט n.m. sceptre (expanded fr. foreg., Ges:§ 85 w); only Est: abs. הַשּׁ׳: 5:2; cstr. הַזָּהָב שׁ׳: 4:11, 5:2 שַׁרְבִט הַזּ׳: 8:4
† שְׁבָט n.pr. mens. Shₑbāṭ, 11th month (post-ex:) = Feb. – March; loan-word from Bab. Šabâṭu (COT:Ne 1:1 Dl:WB), Zc 1:7 (der. fr. šabâṭu, strike, kill destroy (Dl:Prol 38; WB), Lyon:Bib Sacr Apr. (1884), 384 Jen:ZA iv (1889), 273 Muss-Arn:JBL xi (1892) 171 f. al., as month of destroying rain; another conjecture in Zim:KAT 3. 594 n; this month called שבט also in Nab Palm, v. Lzb SAC:111)
שְׁבִי, שִׁבְיָה, שְׁבִית v. שׁבה. p.985f
שׁבל (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. سَبَلَ IV. cause to hang down, سَبَلَةُم flowing dress; As. šubultu, sunbultu (Meissner), Ar سُنْبُلُ, سُنْبُلَةُ (Ba:NB 207), Eth. sabl: Aram.שֻׁבַלְתָּא ܣܶܒܠܬܳܐ, all ear of grain).
† שֹׁ֫בֶל n. [m.] flowing skirt, train;—abs. חֶשְׂפִּי־שׁ׳: Is 47:2 strip off (thy) train.
†I. שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. flowing stream;—שׁ׳: abs. Ps 69:3, as test of dialect Ju 12:6 (cf. סִבֹּלֶת and GFM); cstr. מַיִם שׁ׳: Ps 69:16, הַנָּהָר שׁ׳: Is 27:12.
†II. שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. ear of grain;—שׁ׳: abs. Jb 24:21 +; pl. שִׁבֳּלִים Gn 41:5 +, cstr. שִׁבֳּלֵי Zc 4:12;—ear, Gn 41:5, 41:6, 41:7, 41:7, 41:22, 41:23, 41:24, 41:24, 41:26, 41:27, Is 17:5, 17:5, Ru 2:2, Jb 24:24; transf. spike (Pusey), end of olive bough Zc 4:12.
† שְׁבוּל, שְׁבִיל n. [m.] way, path (prop.as flowing along, stretching out ? cf. NH שְׁבִיל, Ar سَبِيلُ); Aram. שְׁבִילָא);—pl. sf. רַבִּים וּשְׁבִילְיךָ֯ בְּמַיִם [Kt שְׁבִילְךָ Ps 77:20 (of י׳:; ‖דַּרְכֶָּךָ ); cstr. (fig. of course of life) שְׁבוּלֵי עוֹלָם Je 18:15 (Kt; Qr שְׁבִילֵי; ‖דְּרָכִים ).
† שׁוֹבָל n. pr. m. 1. Edomite name Gn 36:20, 36:23, 36:29 = 1 Ch 1:38, 1:40. 2. a. in Caleb 1 Ch 2:50, 2:52. b. in Judah 1 Ch 4:1, 4:2.—Σωβα(λ), Σουβαλ.
שַׁבְּלוּל v. בלל. p.117
שׁבן (√ of following; meaning dub.).
† שֶׁבְנָא, שֶׁבְנָה n. pr. m. secretary and major-domo of Hezekiah; נָא- Is 22:15, 36:22, 37:2 = 2 K 18:37, 19:2; Is 36:3; 36:11 = נָה- 2 K 18:18, 18:26.—Σομνασ.
† (וּ)שְׁבַנְיָה n.pr.m. 1. יָה- a. Levites, (1) Ne 9:4, 9:5, 10:13, (2) 10:11; Σεβανια, Σαβανια(ς). b. priest Ne 10:5, priestly family 12:14 (LXXL Σεχενια) = שְׁכַנְיָה v:3 (Σεχενια(ς)), and perh. שְׁכַנְיָהוּ 1 Ch 24:11 (Ισχανια, Σεχενια). 2. יָהוּ-, priest, 1 Ch 15:24 (Σομνια, LXXL Σαβανια).
שׁבס (√ of following; meaning ?).
† שָׁבִיס n. [m.] front-band (Mishn. id.; Levy:NHWB iv. 498; al. cp. Ar. شمس, lit. a sun, of small glass neck-ornament We:Skizzen iii. 145; Heb. perh. a dimin., v. Ges:§ 86 note);—pl. הַשְּׁבִיסִים Is 3:18, in list of women’s finery.
I. שֶׁבַע, שִׁבְעָה:394 n.m. et f. seven (NH id., MI:16 שבעת As. sibi, sibittu (Dl:Gr. § 65, 6; s = שׁ), Ar. سَبْعُ, سَبْعَةُ, Sab. סבע Hom:Chr 47, 124, Eth sab9u: sab9tu: Ph. (Pun.) שבע Nab. שבע שבעה, Palm. שבעא שבעה; Aram. שְׁבַע, שִׁבְעָא, ܫܒܰܥ, ܫܰܒܥܳܐ; on etym. cf. Lag:BN 37 f.);—m. (c. n.f.) abs. שֶׁבַע Gn 41:2 + 115 t.; cstr. שְׁבַע 5:26 + 47 t., esp. P (15 t.) and Chr (20 t.), וּשֲׁבַע 1 K 14:21 f. (c. n.m.) abs. שִׁבְעָה Gn 4:24 + 100 t.; cstr.שִׁבְעַת 7:10 + 120 t.; sf. שְׁבַעְתָּם 2 S 21:9 Qr (so Vrss and mod.; v. Dr; > Kt שִׁבְעָתַיִם;—seven:
1. without other num.: a. שֶׁבַע, before n. fpl. Gn 21:28 (J), Ju 16:13, Is 4:1 + 80 t., esp. שָׁנִים שׁ׳: Gn 29:18 (E) + 32 t. (but read שׁלוֹשׁ for שֶׁבַע 2 S 24:13 a, cf. v:b, c, also LXX and ‖ 1 Ch 21:12; so Th We Dr Bu HPS Now), פִּעָמִים שׁ׳: Gn 33:3 (J), Lv 4:6 (P) + 17 t.; בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּהּ שׁ׳: 1 K 6:6; after noun Ez 40:20, 40:26; n. om. Jb 5:19, Pr 6:16, + (= פְּעָמִים שׁ׳:) Lv 26:18, 26:21, 26:24, 26:28 (H), Ps 119:64, Pr 24:16 b. שִׁבְעָה before n. mpl. Nu 23:1, 23:1; 23:1 (E) + 40 t. + Jb 42:19 (read שׁ׳: for שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Ges:§ 97 c and most); + (distrib.) וְשׁ׳ :שׁ׳: Zc 4:2; after n. Gn 7:4 (J), Ex 25:37 (P) + 12 t. (P Ch Dn Pr); n. om. 1 S 2:5 + 9 t., incl. שׁ׳: as ordinal, v. infr.; but read שְׂבָכָה for שִׁבְעָה 1 K 7:17, 7:17 LXX Th Kmp Klo Benz Kit Bur; also שׁ׳ :שׁ׳: distrib. = 7 each Gn 7:2, 7:3 (J); as pred. Gn 46:25 (P), c. שִׁבְעַת, before n. pl. Nu 23:4 (E), 8:2 (P), Ez 45:23, 45:23, Jb 2:13, 2:13 + 97 t., incl יָמִים שׁ׳: Gn 8:10 (J), + 88 t. + Ez 45:21 (rd. שִׁבְעַת for שְׁבֻעוֹת Vrss and mod.), d. = ordinal, שֶּׁבַע(הַ)שְׁנַת Dt 15:2, 2 K 12:2 + 3 t., בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ Ez 30:20 , cf. 45:20; לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים Gn 7:10 (J), 1 Ch 9:25
2. † שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה 17 years Gn 37:2 + 3 t. + 1 K 14:21, also as ordin. עֶשׂ׳ :בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳: 1 K 22:52, שָׁנָה עֶשׂ׳ :בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳: 2 K 16:1. † b. שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר (sc.הַגּוֹרָל lot) 1 Ch 24:15, 25:24 (cf. also, + other num., 7:11, Ezr 2:30, Ne 7:42), + יוֹם 17th day Gn 7:11, 8:4; unusual is שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכֶּסֶף שׁ׳: Je 32:9 7 shekels and 10 the silver
3. שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת = 700 Ju 8:26 + 39 t. (but Ne 7:68 om. Mass. Baer Gi q.v.).
4. שִׁבְעָה אֶלֶף = 7000 1 K 20:30 + 2 t.; שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים = id. 1 K 20:15+ 15 t.; 57,000 is 7 + 50 x 1000 Nu 1:31, 2:8; 2:31.
5. שׁ׳: + other num.: a. שׁ׳: follows 18 t.: (1) n. s. after שׁ׳: Ju 8:14; also (= ord. num.) Ez 29:17 + 2 t., שְׁנַת שָׁנָה שְׁלשִׁים וָשׁ׳: 2 K 13:10, cf. 15:1; (2) n.pl. before other num. Ezr 8:35, Ne 7:[72], 7:71; (3) n.s. cstr. precedes בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים וָשׁ׳: 1 K16:10, 16:15 (ordin.); (4) n. after each num. Gn 23:1, 25:17 (both P), etc. b. שׁ׳: precedes 10 t. (P and Est): (1) n.s. after other num Gn 8:14, Ex 6:16, 6:20 + 3 t. Est; (2) n. repeated Gn 5:7, 11:21, 47:28, cf. 5:25, 5:31. c. 1000 + 17 Ezr 2:39 = Ne 7:42—שׁ׳: oft. c. sacred signif.: Gn 21:28 ff. (J), Ex 37:23, Lv 4:6, 4:17, 8:11, 14:27 + (P); as round number Gn 4:24 (song in J), 29:18 ff 31:23, 41:2 ff (all E), etc.; on bowing 7 t. 33:3 (J; in great humility), cf. Wkl:TelAm. nos. 143, 230, 246 Ne:Mar,11 f.; all these prob. originating with week of seven days; cf. esp. Kö:Hast. DB NUMBER, 562 f., 565.
† שִׁבְעָה n.f. pr. putei, Gn 26:33 (J); ̔́Ορκος; (explanation of name בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע.)
שִׁבְעִים:91 n. pl. seventy (irreg. pl. of שֶׁבַע Ges:§ 97 f, R. 1);—not decl.:—seventy (oft. as round no., cf. Kö:Hast DB NUMBER, 568 a):
1. without other no.: a. before n.s. year Gn 5:12 +12 t., man Ju 9:2, Nu 11:25 + 7 t., shekel 7:13 + 11 t., other n. 5 t. b. before n.pl. kings Ju 1:7, sons 8:30, 9:24, 2 K 10:1, brothers Ju 9:56, asses 12:14, palms Ex 15:27, Nu 33:9, males Ezr 8:7, 8:14. c. after n.coll. (בָּקָר) 2 Ch 29:32, n.pl. Dn 9:24. d. pred. Gn 46:27. e. n. om. Ex 24:1, 24:9 (man), Nu 7:85 (shekel), cf. Ju 9:4.
2. אֶלֶף שׁ׳: = 70,000 2 S 24:15 + 6 t.
3. + other num.: a. + unit + n.s. Ju 8:14; n. om.70 + 7 (times) Gn 4:24, cf, Ezr 2:40 = Ne 7:43 so 2 + 70 Nu 31:38; n. pl. + 70 + 7 Ezr 8:35; 5 years + 70 year Gn 12:4. b. 5 + 70 x 1000 (man) Est 9:16 cf. Nu 2:4, 3:43, 26:32; 2 + 70 x 1000 31:33 (בָּקָר precedes); 70 man, 50 x 1000 man 1 S 6:19; 7 + 70 year + 7 x 100 year Gn 5:31; n. om. 3 + 70 + 200 Nu 3:46. c. 70 foll. hundreds: 70 year + 5 years Gn 25:7, and (n. om.) 70 + 2 Ezr 2:3, 2:4 = Ne 7:8, 7:9, Ne 11:19; + 3 Ezr 2:36, Ne 7:39; 5 + 70 Ezr 2:5). d. 1000 + 7 x 100 + 5 + 70 shekel Ex 38:25 and (n. om.) v:not found 38.
שְׁבִיעִי m. שְׁבִיעִית f.:97 adj. num. ord. seventh;—שְׁבִיעִי Gn 2:2 +, שְׁבִעִי Ex 12:15 +; f. שְׁבִיעִית Jos 6:16 +, Ex 23:11 +, שְׁבִעִת 21:2 עִית- 1 K 18:44, 2 Ch 23:1;—fifth, esp. P; always c. art.:
1. m. 7th day Gn 2:3 + 47 t.; month (חֹדֶשׁ) 8:4 + 23 t. + (n. om.) Ez 45:25 + 3 t.; lot (הַגּוֹרָל) Jos 19:40 + (n. om.) 1 Ch 24:10, 25:14; n. om. also 1 Ch 2:15, 26:3, 26:5 (son), 12:11 (man), 27:10 (captain).
2. f. 7th year, 2 K 11:4 + 7 t. + (n. om.) Ex 21:2, 23:11, also שְׁנַת הַשְּׁבִיעִית (Ges:§ 134 p) Ezr 7:8 sabbath Lv 23:16; time (פַּעַם) Jos 6:16 + (n. om.) 1 K 18:44.
שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Jb 42:13 read שִׁבְעָה Ges:§ 97 c and most p.987
† שִׁבְעָתַ֫יִם n.f. du seven-fold, seven times (cf. Ges:§§ 97 h, 134 r);—
1. seven-fold, seven times as much, Is 30:26, Pr 6:31; as adv. Gn 4:15, 4:24, Ps 79:12.
2. seven times, adv. Ps 12:7.—2 S 21:9 read Qr שְׁבַעְתָּם v. 1. שֶׁבַע. p. 987
† שָׁבוּעַ n.m.:Dn 9:27 period of seven (days, years), heptad, week (on format. v. Lag:BN 67);—abs.שׁ׳: Dn 9:27, 9:27; cstr.שְׁבֻעַ Gn 29:27, 29:28; du. שְׁבֻעַיִם Lv 12:5; pl. ת(וֹ)שָֽׁבֻע Ex 34:22 + 4 t. Dt + (in term. techn.) 2 Ch 8:13; late שָֽׁבֻעִים Dn 9:24 + 4 t. Dn; cstr.שְׁבֻעֹת Je 5:24 (Ez 45:21 read שִׁבְעַת with Vrss and all mod., v. שֶׁבַע); sf. שָׁבֻעֹתֵיבֶם Nu 28:26; —
1. period of seven days (fr.a given time), week: Dt 16:9, 16:9, Lv 12:5 (P); of marriage feast Gn 29:27, 29:28 (E; cf. Ju 14:12, Tob 11:19); שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Dn 10:2, 10:3 three weeks, days (three weeks long); חֻקּוֹת קָחִיר שׁ ׳: Je 5:24 weeks of statutes (i.e. weeks appointed by י ׳:) for harvest; term. techn. חַגּ שָֽׁבֻעֹת Ex 34:22 (J) feast of weeks (ending seven weeks of harvest), Dt 16:10, 16:16, 2 Ch 8:13 so שׁ ׳: alone Nu 28:26 (P).
2. heptad or seven of years, late, Dn 9:24, 9:25, 9:26, 9:27, 9:27.—שֻׁבֻעוֹת Ez 21:28 v. [שָׁבַע].
[שָׁבַע]:186 vb. swear (prob., so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, cf. Thes (as altern.), Gerb:108ff; NH Niph.= BH ;Targum שְׁבַע Ithpe. Aph.; v. also Dr:Gn 21:28 Kö:Hast. DB NUMBER, 565 RS:Sem. i. 166, 2nd ed., 182 We:Reste Ar. Heid. 2, 186);—Qal (acc. to Thes Rob Ges) Pt. pass. שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ez 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, acc. to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); LXX SyrVer Co om.; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ew Sm שָׁ ׳ :שׁ ׳: weeks on weeks (plenty of time). Niph. Pf, 3 ms.נִשְׁבַּע Gn 24:7, + etc.;Impf. 3 ms.יִשָּׁבַע Lv 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Gn 24:9 +; 2 ms. תִּשֶּׁבֵָעַ Dt 6:13, 10:20; 1 S. אִשָּׁבָעַ Gn 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע 1 K 2:8, Ez 16:8, etc.; Imv. ms. הַשָּֽׁבְעָה Gn 21:23 +, etc.; Inf. abs הִשָּׁבֵע Nu 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Je 7:9; cstr. הִשָּׁבֵעַ Je 12:16, 12:16 + 1 S 20:17 v. infra; Pt. נִשְׁבָּע Zc 5:3 +, etc.;—swear, take an oath:
1. subj man : a. in asseveration, abs. Gn 21:24, 21:31 (E), Ju 21:1, 21:18, 2 S 21:2 +; also sq.וַיּאֹמֶר 1 S 20:3, 1 K 1:29, sq. לֵאמֹר 2 S 3:35, Jos 14:9 (D); c. acc. cogn. Nu 30:3 (P; ‖נָדַר ); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Je 5:2, 7:9, Lv 5:24 (P; + עַל rei), Mal 3:5 + על־שׁ ׳: Lv 5:22 (P); + לְמִרְמָה Ps 24:4; sq. inf. Lv 5:4 (P), Ps 15:4, 119:106; + ל pers. take an oath to, Jos 6:22 (JE), 9:20 (P; acc. cogn.) Gn 24:9 (+ עַל־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה + , so also 1 S 20:17 (rd. לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶל־ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶת־, LXX Vulgate Th We Dr al.); oath allegiance (לי ׳:) Is 19:18, 45:23, Zp 1:5, 2 Ch 15:14, cf.(abs.) v:15 (Jos 23:7 v. Hiph.); also sq וַיּאֹמֶר 2 K 25:24, sq. לֵאמֹר 2 S 21:17, 1 K 1:13, Je 40:9; sq.פֶּן = that not Ju 15:12, sq. אִם = id. 1 K 1:51; + אֶל pers. sq. לֵאמֹר Je 38:16; + בי ׳: by י ׳:, sq. inf. Ju 21:7; + בְּשֵׁם י ׳: 1 S 20:42, Is 48:1, cf. Gn 31:53 (E), Dt 6:13, 10:20, Je 12:16 (+ חַי־י ׳:), Is 65:16, Zc 5:4 (לַשָָּׁקֶר), Lv 19:12 (id.), Ps 63:12, Dn 12:7; בי ׳: sq. אִם 2 S 19:8; + ל pers. c. בי ׳: Jos 9:18, 9:19 (P; pledge faith), sq.לֵאמֹר 1 S 28:10, 1 K 11:30, 2:8, 2:23, sq. כִּי of obj. cl. Jos 2:12 (JE), 1 K 1:17; + ל pers. c. בא ׳:, sq. אִם Gn 21:23 (E), 1 S 30:15; as vb. of quotation + obj. חַי־י ׳: Ho 4:15, Je 4:2, 1 S 19:6 (+ אִם), + אִם in orat. recta Ps 132:2 (‖נָדַר ); also כְּלאֹ אֱלֽהִים Je 5:7, בַּבָָּעַל 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Zp 1:3, cf. Am 8:14 (+ וְאָמַר). b. imprecate, curse, בִּי by me Psalm Je 102:9 (cf. שְׁבוּעָה 1.b קְלָלָה).
2. subj. י ׳:: swear, c. בִּי by myself Gn 22:16 (JE), Je 22:5 (cl.כִּי), 49:13 (id.), Is 45:23 (id.), c. בְּקָדְשׁוֹ Am 4:2 (id.), cf. Ps 89:36 (‖אִם אֲכַזֵּב ), cf. also Am 6:8, 8:17, Je 44:26, 51:14, Is 62:8; swear, sq. inf. Dt 1:35, 4:21, Jos 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; v:43 Gi), sq. מִן inf.= not to Is 54:9, 54:9 sq. אִם Ps 90:10, sq. לֵאמֹר Dt 1:34, Is 14:24, Nu 32:10(P); sq.orat. recta Ps 110:4; c. ל pers. take an oath to, Gn 24:7(J), Ex 13:11 (J), Dt 2:14 + 7 t. Dt. (acc. cogn.7:8, 9:5), Ez 16:8 (‖בּוֹא בִבְרִית, Ps 89:4 (‖כָּרַת בְּרִית ), v:50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶָךָ), +; ל pers. + inf. (usu. to give land Ex 13:5 (J), Dt 1:8 + 9 t. Dt, Jos 1:6, 5:6, 5:6 (all R:D), Je 11:5 (+ acc. cogn.), 32:22; ל pers. + acc. rei (usu. land) = promise by oath to Gn 50:24, Ex 33:1, Nu 11:12 (all J), 14:16, 14:23 (JE), 32:11 (P), Ju 2:1, Mi 7:20, Dt 6:18 + 8 t. Dt (obj. covenant 4:31, 8:18); ל pers. om. Dt 31:21. † Hiph. Perf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּיעַ Ex 13:19 +, 1 S. הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Ct 2:7 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּשְׁבַּע Gn 50:25 +, sf. וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Gn 24:37, etc.; Inf. abs. הַשְׁבֵּעַ Ex 13:19, 1 S 14:28; cstr. הַשְׁבִּיעַ 1 S 14:27 (20:17 v. Niph.); Pt. sf. מַשְׁבִּיעֶָךָ 1 K 22:16, 2 Ch 18:15;—1. cause to take an oath, subj. always man: c. acc. pers. Gn 50:6 (J), + 1 S 14:27, 1 K 18:10, 2 K 11:4, + acc.cogn. Jos 2:17, 2:20 (J), לֵאמֹר Gn 24:37, 50:5 (both J), v:25 (E), Jos 6:26 (J; acc. pers. om.), so (Inf. abs. + Pf.) Ex 13:19 (JE), 1 S 14:28, + וְאָמַר Nu 5:19 and (c. acc. cogn.) v:21 (both P), + inf. cl. Ne 5:12, Ezr 10:5; + בי ׳: by י ׳: Gn 24:3 (J; cl. אֲשֶׁר), 1 K 2:42 (‖וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר, cf. Jos 23:7 (R:D; but read perhaps Niph. תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gr al.; LXX del.), Ne 13:25 (cl. אִם, orat. recta), 2 Ch 36:13. 2. adjure, c. acc. pers. 1 K 22:16, 2 Ch 18:15 (both + cl. אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Ct: 5:9, c. cl. מַה־ interrog. v:8, c. cl. אִם that not 2:7, 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = cl. מַה־ 8:4 (v. מָה 2 a (b)).—1 S 20:17 v.Niph.
† II. שֶׁ֫בַע n.pr.m.
1. in Benj., בֶּן־בִּכְרִי 2 S 20:1, 20:2, 20:6, 20:7, 20:10, 20:13, 20:21, 20:22; Σαβεε
2. in Gad 1 Ch 5:13; Σεβεε, A Σωβαθε, LXXL Σαβεε.
† III. שֶׁבַע si vera 1. n.pr.loc in Simeon, בְּאֵר־שֶׁבֶע וְשֶׁבַע Jos 19:2; Σαμαα, LXXL Σαβε; prob. del. וְשׁ ׳: Di al. (om. ‖ 1 Ch 4:23).—בְּאֵר שׁ ׳: v. p. 92:a.
שֶׁבַע v. in cpds. אֱלִישֶׁבַע, (בַּת־שֶׁבַע), יְהוֹשֶׁבַע.
† שְׁבוּעָה, שְׁבֻעָה n.f. (Jos 2:17 read הַזּה Albr:ZAW xvi(1896), 116) oath, curse;—abs. שְׁבוּ ׳: Jos 9:20 + , שְׁבֻ ׳: Gn 26:3 +; cstr. שְׁבֻעַת Ex 22:10 + ; sf. שְׁבֻעָתִי Gn 24:8 etc.; pl. שְׁבֻעוֹת abs. Ez 21:28, cstr. Hb 3:9 [Je 5:24, Ez 45:21 v. שָׁבוּעַ];—oath [as acc. cogn. c.הִשָּׁבַע etc. Nu 30:3 + (in rel.cl.) 5t.]:
1. of man: a. attesting innocence Ex 22:10 (E), friendship 2 S 21:7, promise 1 K 2:43 (after שָׁמַר keep; all שְׁבֻעַת י ׳: oath to to (י ׳:); innocence also Nu 5:21 a; friendship Ne 6:18 (לוֹ בַּעֲלֵישׁ ׳:), promise Lv 5:4; of vow (‖נדר ) Nu 30:3, 30:11, 30:14 (שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר), Jos 9:20 (all P), Ne 10:30 (‖אָלָה ), Ec 9:2, of covenant with י׳: 2 Ch 15:15, שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֽהִים Ec 8:2 (prob. of oath of allegiance to king), שְׁבֻעַת שֶׁקֶר Zc 8:17; of threat Ju 21:5, 1 S 14:26 (LXX שְׁבֻעַת י׳:); keep, discharge the oath is הֵקִים הַשּׁ׳: Gn 26:3 (J), Je 11:5; נָקָה מִשׁ׳: be free, exempt from an oath Gn 24:8 (J), cf. Jos 2:17, 2:20. b. = curse, Is 65:15 and (‖אָלָה ) Nu 5:21 (P), Dn 9:11.
2. oath of י׳:, in promise, Dt 7:8 (שָׁמַר in rel. cl.), ‖ covenant (בְּרִית), שְׁבוּעַתוֹ לְיִחְחָק Ps 105:9 = 1 Ch 16:16.—שְׁבֻעוֹת מַטּוֹת Hb 3:9 very dub.: AV oaths of the tribes; oaths, rods of the word, Hi-St.; sworn (pt. pass. שְׁבַע) were the rods ( = chastisements) of (thy) word, Ges Hi RVm; heptads of spears Ew, cf. Da; text prob. corrupt, Now prop. (אַשְׁפָּֽתְךָ)שִׂבַּעְתָּ thou hast sated with shafts thy quiver; Marti (after LXX:codd.) thy bow was satiated with shafts; GASm thou gluttest (?) thy shafts.—Ez 21:28 v.√.
†[שָׁבַץ] vb. Pi. prob. weave in chequer or plaited work (NH שָׁבַץ ornament a vessel with a pattern; Syr. (lexx.) ܫܒܰܨ immiscuit, ܫܒܐܨܳܐ commixtio: v. also Lag:BN 143);—Pi. Pf. 2 ms. וְשִׁבַּחְתָּ֫ Ex 28:39 (P), and thou shalt chequer (or plait) the tunic (in) byssus. Pu. Pt. mpl. מְשֻׁבָּחִים זָהָב Ex 28:20 (P), inwoven (i.e. set in a chequered or plaited mounting) with gold (-thread) shall they be (of gems).
†שָׁבָץ n.m. (meaning and connexion with above √dub.);—אֲחָזַנִי הַשּׁ׳: 1 S 1:9 הַשּׁ׳: hath seized me, i.e. perh. cramp (Ew:G iii. 147 Th Ke, cf. Dr); al. giddiness (Thes Klo HPS), as intricacy, confusion; Kit Bu Now leave undecided.
†ת(וֹ)מִשְׁבְּח n.f.:Ex 28:25 pl. chequered (or plaited) work, usu. of settings for gems;—חָהָב מ׳: (i.e. plaited with gold-thread) for two gems on high priest’s ephod (P): Ex 28:11, 28:13, 39:6, 39:13, 39:16; מ׳: abs. 28:14, 28:25, 28:39, 39:18; לְבוּשָׁהּ ז׳ :מִמּ׳: Ps 45:14 her clothing is of chequer work in wrought with gold; < Krochm Gr Che:comm. פְּנִינִים בְּמִשְׁבְּחוֹת ז׳: לְבוּשָׁהּ (v. פְּנִימָה p. 819 supr.) pearls in plaited settings of gold (-thread).
†תַּשְׁבֵּץ n.[m.] chequered (or plaited) work;—כְּתֹנֶת ת׳: Ex 28:4.
שׁבק (√of foll.; cf. BAram. Targum, שְׁבַק let go leave, so ܫܒܰܩ; Ar. سَبَقَ outstrip).
†שׁוֹבֵק n.pr.m. one of those sealed Ne 10:25; Σωβηκ, LXXL Σωβειρ.
†יִשְׁבָּק n.pr.m. son of Abr. and Ḳetûrâh, Gn 25:2, 1 Ch 1:32; Ιεσβοκ (B Σοβακ Ch).
שָׁבַר:148 vb. break, break in pieces (NH id.; Sab. תַבר, break, destroy DHM:Hof. Mus., no. 1, l. 26 Mordtm:Hi 74; Ar. شَبَرَ restrain, destroy; Aram. תְּבַר, ܬܒܰܪ; As. šabâru, break, break in pieces; Eth. sabara: break);—Qal:53 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: 1 K 13:28, Is 14:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁבֹּר Je 19:11, בּוֹר- Is 42:3; 3 fs. תִּשְׁבָּר־ Pr 25:15, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁבֹר Ps 10:15, sf. שָׁבְרֵם Je 17:18; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר Gn 19:9 +2 t., שְׁבוֹר Je 28:12; Pt. act. שֹׁבֵר Ez 4:16 +2 t.; pass. שָׁבוּר Lv 22:22, pl. cstr. שְׁבוּרֵי Ps 147:3;—break, lit., obj. earthen vessel Ju 7:20, Lv 11:33 (P), Je 19:11 (in sim., cf. v:11, 48:33, Is 30:14, flask Je 19:10, gate-bar Am 1:5 (in metaph.), bow Ho 1:5, Je 49:35, and sword Ho 2:20 (מִן־הָאָרֶץ), bone of lamb Ex 12:46, Nu 9:12 (P), and (in metaph.) Pr 25:15, cf. שָׁבוּר i.e. fractured of limb Lv 22:22 (H), yoke Je 28:10, 28:12, 28:13, and, in metaph., of deliverance (י׳: subj.) v:2, v:4, v:11, 38:8 (c. מֵעַל), +4 t., of rebellion Je 2:20, 5:5, so staff Is 14:5 +5 t., reed Is 42:3, arm of Pharaoh Ez 30:21, 30:22, 30:24 cf. Ps 10:15; trees (subj. thunder) Ps 29:5; break in, down, door Gn 19:9 (J); rend violently (of lion), man 1 K 13:26, ass v:28; wreck Tyre (as ship) Ez 27:26; fig. break pride Lv 26:19 (H); crush (fig.) Is 14:25 (cf. Je 48:28 supr.), La 1:15, Dn 11:26; מִשְׁנֶה שִׁבָּרוֹן שׁ׳: Je 17:18; break, rupture, heart (fig.) Ps 69:21+ Ez 6:9 (v. Niph. ad fin.), שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Ps 147:3; וָאֶשְׁבֹּר עָלָיו חֻקִּי Jb 38:10 broke for it my boundary, of sea, ref. to abrupt ending of mainland; = quench thirst (frangere sitim) Ps 104:11. Niph.:57 Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּר Ex 22:9 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁבֵר Lv 6:21 +, 3 fs. וְתִשָּׁ֫בֶר Ec 12:6, 2 ms. תִּשָּׁבֵר Ez 29:7, שַבר- 32:28, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁבֵר Jon 1:4 Pt. נִשְׁבָּר Ps 51:19, fs. נִשְׁבָּרָה v:19, נִשְׁבֶּ֫רֵת Ez 27:34 +, etc.;—be broken, of neck 1 S 4:18, bones Ps 34:21, gate-bars Je 51:30, rod (in fig.) Is 14:21, Je 48:17, idols Ez 6:4, 6:6, horn Dn 8:8, cf. v:22, arm Jb 31:22 (מִקָּנָה), and (in metaph.) Je 48:25, Jb 38:15, Ps 37:17, cf. Ez 30:22, bough Ez 31:12, Is 27:11, cf. (fig.) of wickedness, like a tree Jb 24:20, other things Ps 37:15, Je 50:23, Ez 29:7, Ps 124:7; cisterns Je 2:13 (id.), pottery Lv 6:21, 15:12 (P), Ec 12:6 (in fig.); = be maimed, crippled (have limb broken), of animal Ex 22:9, 22:13 (E), and (fig.) Ez 34:4, 34:16, Zc 11:16, so (fig. of men stumbling) Is 8:15, 28:13; be wrecked, of ships 1 K 22:49 (rd. Qr נִשְׁבְּרוּ), ‖ 2 Ch 20:37, Jon 1:4, metaph. of Tyre Ez 27:34; fig. be crushed, destroyed (pers., warriors, kingdoms, etc.), Je 14:17, 22:20, 48:4, 51:8 + 10 t.; fig. be broken, of heart † Je 23:9, Is 61:1, Ps 34:19, 51:19, cf. רוּחַ נִשׁ׳: v:19.—Ex 6:9 rd. prob. וְשָֽׁבַרְתִּ֫י (We Sm Berthol Toy Krae); Co בְּשָׁבְרִי. Pi.:36 Pf. 3 ms. שִׁבַּר Is 21:9 +, שִׁבֵָּר Ex 9:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁבֵּר Ps 46:10 +, 2 mpl. תְּשַׁבֵּרָוּן Ex 34:13, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁבֵּר Ex 23:24; Pt. מְשַׁבֵּר 1 K 19:11;—shatter, break, tablets Ex 32:19 (E), 34:1 (J), Dt 9:17, 10:2; מַצֵּבוֹת Ex 23:24 (E; + Inf. abs.), 34:13 (J) + 7 t.; images 2 K 11:18 + 3 t.; bronze sea, etc., 2 K 25:13 = Je 52:17; horns Dn 8:7; jaws Jb 29:17 (in fig.); of hail shattering tree Ex 9:25 (J), cf. 1 K 19:11; elsewhere subj. י׳:, shattering gate-bars, etc., weapons Is 45:2, 38:13, La 2:9, 3:4, Ps 46:10, 76:4, 107:16, trees 29:5, 105:33, heads of תַּנִּינִים 74:13; wrecking ship 48:8. †Hiph. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth, Impf. 1 s. הַאֲנִי אַשְׁבִּיר וְלאֹ אוֹלִיד Is 66:9 (י׳: subj.; cf. מַשְׁבֵּר infr.). †Hoph. be broken, shattered (in heart), Pf. 1 s. עַל־שֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי הָשְׁבַָּרְתִּי Je 8:21.
† I. שֶׁ֫בֶר, שֵׁ֫בֶר n.m.:Je 4:5 breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash;—abs. שֶׁבֶר Is 51:19 +, שָָׁבֶר La 3:47, Pr 17:19, cstr. שֶׁבֶר Is 1:28 +, שֵׁבֶר Am 6:6 +; sf. שִׁבְרִי Je 10:19, etc.; pl. שְׁבָרִים Jos 7:5, Jb 41:17 (dub., v. infr.), sf. שְׁבָרֶיהָ Ps 60:4;—
1. breaking of pottery Is 30:14, fracture of member, limb Lv 21:19, 24:20 (H), esp. fig. of people personif. יוֹסֵף שׁ׳: Am 6:6, cf. Is 30:26 (‖מַחַץ מַכָּתוֹ ), Je 8:21, 10:19, 14:17, 30:12 (‖מַכָּה ), v:15 (‖מַכְאֹב ), La 2:11, 3:48, 4:10, also (c. רפא, רפה heal) Je 6:14, 8:11, La 2:13, Ps 60:4, cf. Na 3:19; of sinners Is 1:28; shattering, crushing, of wall (in fig.) Is 30:13; ‖גָּדוֹל שׁ׳ :(רָעָה ) Je 4:6, 6:1, עַל־שׁ׳:שׁ׳: 4:20; שֹׁד וָשׁ׳: Is 59:7, 60:18, Je 48:3, cf. Is 51:19; הַשֵּׁאת וְהַשּׁ׳: La 3:47; זַעֲקַת שׁ׳: Is 15:5, cf. Je 48:5; of individ. Pr 16:18, 17:19, 18:12; fig., רוּחַ שׁ׳: crushing of spirit, cf. Pr 15:4; so (רוּחַ om.) מִשְּׁבָרִים Jb 41:17 from terror, Di De, cf. Bi, but dub.; Buhl Bu conj. מִשְׁבְּרֵי יָם, Gie מִשִּׁנָּיו גִּבֹּרִים, Du מִשְׁמָרִים.
2. crashing, Zp 1:10 (‖קוֹל חְעָקָה , יְלָלָה), Je 50:22 (‖מִלְחָמָה ), 51:54 (‖קוֹל זְעָקָה ).
3. breaking of a dream, i.e. its interpretation (solution of mystery) Ju 7:15 (cf. GFM).
4. הַשְּׁבָרִים Jos 7:5, perhaps (Di Benn Steuern) the quarries as n.pr.loc., Vulgate Sabarim (> LXX SyrVer Targum הִשָּֽׁבְרָם).—שִׁבְרִי Ez 32:9, read שִׁבְיְךָ LXX Co Sta Berthol Krae (not Toy).
†II. שֶׁ֫בֶר n.pr.m. a Calebite 1 Ch 2:48; Σαβερ, A Σεβερ, LXXL Σαβαρ.
†שָׁבוּר Lv 22:22 v. √ Qal. p. 990
†שִׁבָּרוֹן n.[m.] breaking, crushing;—fig.; cstr. שִׁבְרוֹן מָתְנַיִם Ez 21:11 (emotional distress; ‖מְרִירוּת ); read שִׁבָּ׳: also (for MT שִׁכָּרוֹן) 23:33 Co Berthol Krae; crushing of opponents Je 17:18.
†מַשְׁבֵּר n.[m.] place of breach, i.e. mouth of womb;—וְכֹחַ אַיִן לְלֵדָה בָּאוּ בָנִים עַד־מ׳: 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3 (fig. of helplessness); cstr. מִשְׁבַּר בָּנִים Ho 13:13 (fig.of opportunity).
†[מִשְׁבָּר] n.[m.] breaker, of sea;—pl. cstr. מִשְׁבְּרֵי־יָם Ps 93:4 (‖קֹלוֹת מַיִם רַבִּים ; in comp. of י׳:’s majesty); fig. of calamities, מִשְׁבְּרֵי־מָוֶת 2 S 22:5 (חֶבְלֵי־מָוֶת in ‖ Ps 18:5); as sent by י׳:, מִשְׁבָּרֶיךָ Ps 88:8, וְגַלֶּיךָ מ׳: 42:8, Jon 2:4.—Jb 41:17 v. I. שֶׁבֶר. above
†III. שֶׁ֫בֶר n.[m.] corn, grain, as food stuff (perh. broken, i.e. thresed, Hoffin:ZAW iii (1883), 122 SS Siegf:Ne 10:32; > Kö:ii. 1. 19 n breaking out, i.e. sprouting (as chief fruit of soil); hence NH שִׁבָּרוֹן price of corn);—שׁ׳: abs. Gn 42:1 +; cstr. v:19; sf. שִׁבְרָם v:26, שִׁבְרוֹ 44:2;—corn, grain 42:1, 42:2, 42:19, 42:26, 43:2, 44:2, 47:14 (acc. cogn.), Am 8:5 (id.); so perh. (for בָּר) Gn 42:3 Lag:BN 230; כָּל־שׁ׳: Ne 10:32 all kinds of grain.
†[שָׁבַר] vb. denom buy grain;—Qal Impf. 2 mpl. תִּשְׁבְּרוּ Dt 2:6, 1 pl. נִשְׁבְּרָה Gn 43:4; Imv. mpl. שִׁבְרוּ 42:2 +; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר v:3 +, לִשְׁבָּר־ v:7 +; Pt. mpl. שֹׁבְרִים 47:14;—buy grain for food Gn 41:57 (v:56 v. Hiph.), 42:2 (שֶׁבֶר in v:a), v:5; c. acc. אֹכֶל v:7, v:10, 43:2, 43:4, 43:20, 40:22, 44:25, Dt 2:6 (מִן pers.); c. acc. בָּר Gn 42:3, שֶׁבֶר 47:14; fig. Is 55:1, c. acc. יַיִן וְחָלָב v:1. Hiph. Impf. 1 pl. נַשְׁבִּיר Am 8:6, etc.; Pt. מַשְׁבִּיר Gn 42:6, Pr 11:26;—sell grain (prop. cause to buy grain), c. ל pers. Gn 42:6 + v:not found56 (read וַיַּשְׁבֵּר for MT וַיִּשְׁבֹּר Ol Di Gunk), c. acc. שֶׁבֶר Am 8:5, מַפַּל בָּר v:6, cf. Pr 11:26; c. sf. pers. + acc. אֹכֶל + ב pret. Dt 2:28.
שָׁבַת:71 vb. cease, desist, rest (As šabâtu, prob. cease, be completed Dl:WB Zim:KAT 3. 593 (Jen:ZA iv (1889), 277 f. is sceptical); Ar. سَبَتَ cut off, interrupt; NH has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aram. שִׁבְתָּא cost of nealect);—Qal:27 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Gn 2:3 +; 3 pl. שָׁבָָתוּ La 5:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms יִשְׁבּוֹת Ho 7:4; יִשְׁבֹּת Pr 22:10 + 2 t.; 3 fs תִּשְׁבֹּת Lv 26:35; תִּשְׁבַּת v:34, Ne 6:3 +, etc.;—
1. cease: (abs. 13 t.) of seasons Gn 8:22 (J); manna Jos 5:12 (P), etc., Is 14:4, 14:4, Ne 6:3 +; c. מִן Ho 7:4 + 3 t.
2. desist from labour, rest: a. c. מִן (of god) Gn 2:2, 2:3 (P). b. מִן om., ב temp. Ex 23:12 (E), 16:30, 34:21 (J), 31:17 (P); בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּחִיר שׁ׳: 34:21 (J; i.e., even in these busy seasons). c. land in 7th year Lv 26:34, 26:35, 26:35 (H), 2 Ch 36:21.—Lv 23:32, 25:2 v. [שָׁבַת] vb. denom. infr. †Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּת Is 17:3 + 2 t.; pl נִשְׁבְּתוּ Ez 6:6;—cease: abs. Ez 6:6, 30:18, 33:28; c. מִן Is 17:3. Hiph.:40 Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּית Ru 4:14 +; 2 ms. הִשְׁבַּתָּ Ps 89:45; 119:119, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁבִּיתּ Pr 18:18, Dn 9:27; וַיַּשְׁבֵּת 2 K 23:11, 2 Ch 16:5, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁבִּית Ps 8:3; לַשְׁבִּית Am 8:4 (Ges:§ 53 q); Imv. mpl. הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Is 30:11; Pt. מַשְׁבִּית Je 16:9, Ps 46:10;—1. cause to cease, put an end to: c. acc. mirth Ho 2:13, work 2 Ch 16:5, Ne 4:5; sacrifice Dn 9:27; war Ps 46:10, cf. Is 13:11, Ez 7:24, Pr 18:18 + 6 t., + קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן מִן הִשׁ׳: Je 7:34, 16:9, cf. 48:33. 2. = exterminate, destroy: c. acc. 2 K 23:5, 23:11, Am 8:4 (Now conj. העשׁקים ), Ho 1:4, Ps 8:3, 119:119; c. acc. + מִן, Je 36:29, מִן הָאָרֶץ Lv 26:6 (H), Ez 34:25; אלילים 30:13, Dt 32:26.
3. cause to desist from: c. מִן Ez 16:41, 34:10, Ex 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי inf. Jos 22:25 (P).
4. remove ( = מִן הֵסִיר): c. מִן Ez 23:27, 23:48, Ps 89:45 (txt. dub.: rd. הִשְׁבַּתּוֹ [3.] LXX Du; מַטֵּה הֹדוֹ Herz Che, v. also sub טֳהָר); leaven מבתים Ex 12:15 (P); מִפָּנֵינוּ ישׂר׳ :אֶח־ק׳ :הַשׁ׳: Is 30:11.
5. cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מֵעַל מִנְחָתֶָךָ Lv 2:12 (P); acc. pers + ל pers. Je 48:35, Ru 4:14.
†II. שֶׁ֫בֶת n.f. cessation (dub) Pr 20:3 (c. מֵרִיב LXX ἀποστρέφεσθαι = שׁוּב); שִׁבְתּוֹ Ex 21:19 i.e. from work = his loss of time (but Di 1. שֶׁבֶת, p. 443 f.).—Is 30:7 perh. = a sitting still (indolently) √ישׁב, but prob. crpt., v. Du Che al.
שַׁבָּת:111 n.f.:Ex 31:41+ and m.:Is 66:2, 66:6 (under infl. of יוֹם in freq. יוֹם הַשּׁ׳:, Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 47) sabbath ( = ת + שׁבת; NH שַׁבָּת, Aram. שַׁבְּתָא, ܫܰܒܬܳܐ; perh. As šabattum (‖ um nuḫ libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lex. Tablets); cf. Lotz:Quaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883 Jen:ZA iv (1889), 274 ff. (doubts connexion of As. word with Heb. Sabbath) Id:S. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f. Muss-Arn:JBL xi (1892), 93 Schwally:Idiot. 127; v. (more recently) Jastr:Am. J. Theol. ii (1898), 332 ff. Toy:TBL xviii (1899), 190 ff. Dr:Hast. DB SABBATH (1902) Zim:KAT 3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff. [15th day of month so called]:458 ff.);—abs. שׁ׳: Ex 16:25 + 64 t.; cstr. שַׁבַּת v:23 + 10 t.; sf. שַׁבַּתּוֹ Nu 28:10 + 3 t. sf.; pl. שַׁבָּתוֹת Lv 23:15 + 7 t.; cstr. שַׁבְּתתֹ v:38, 25:3, 25:8; sf. שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Is 56:4 +, etc.;—
1. sabbath: a. primitive ליהוה שׁ׳: Ex 16:25 (J), 20:10 = Dt 5:14 (ten words) Lv 23:3 (P); הַשּׁ׳: Ec 16:29 (J); בַּיוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שׁ׳: Ex 16:26 (J); on seventh day יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת 20:8, 20:11= Dt 5:12, 5:15 (ten words), so throughout; Ex 31:15 + 3 t. P, Je 17:21, Ez 46:4, Ne 10:32 + 9 t., + (‖ new moon) Is 1:13, Ez 46:1, 2 K 4:23, Am 8:5, cf. Is 66:23, 66:23, also חג and מועד Ho 2:13; time of change of watch in temple 2 K 11:5, 11:7, 11:9, 11:9 = 2 Ch 23:4, 23:8, 23:8; מיסך הַשּׁ׳: (in temple) 2 K 16:18; orig. observed simply by abstinence from labour Ex 20:9, 20:10 = Dt 5:12–14, Ex 23:12 (E), 34:21 (J; Br:Hex. 181–195). b. Deut. reason for day is deliverance fr. Egypt Dt 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֹ v:12 = Ex 20:8; קדּשׁ יום השׁ׳: Je 17:22, 17:24, 17:27 (esp. no load carried), Ez 20:20, 44:24. c. intensified by anith. חלּל שׁ׳: Ez 20:13 +5 t. Ez, cf. Ne 13:18. Phrases in H: שׁ׳:(ה)שׁמר Lv 19:3, 19:30, 26:2, then P Ex 31:13, 31:14, 31:16; cf. Is 56:2, 56:4, 56:6; יוֹם קָדְשִׁי, קדושׁ י׳:: 58:13, 58:13 (c. כבּד). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם Lv 26:35; מִמָּחֳרַת הַשּׁ׳: 23:11, 23:15, 23:16; שַׁבְּתוֹתַי 19:3, 19:30, 26:2, Is 56:4, Ez 20:12, 22:26, +8 t. Ez; ‖מוֹעֵד La 2:6. d. P gives as basis God’s resting Ex 20:11, 31:17; שׁבתות י׳: Lv 23:38; קדשׁ שׁ׳: ליהוה Ex 16:23, cf. Ne 9:14, שׁבתון שׁ׳: Ex 31:15, 35:2, Lv 23:3; עשׂה השׁ׳: Ex 31:16, בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ עֹלַת שׁ׳: Nu 28:10, cf. Is 66:23; בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ :בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳: Lv 24:8 on every sabbath, abbr. שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּת 1 Ch 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת ‖מועדים ֔ חֳדָשִׁים 23:31 + 3 t. Chr, Ne 10:34 (ל om. by error); work punished by stoning Nu 15:32, 15:36; trade prohib. Ne 10:32, 13:15–21.
2. day of atonement is a שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Lv 16:31, 23:32 (P), cf. שָׁבַת שַׁבָּת v:32 (P).
3. sabbath year, שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Lv 25:4 (H); שַׁבָּת ליהוה v:2, v:4 (H), (הארץ)שַׁבְּתוֹתֶיהָ רחה 26:34, 26:34, 26:43 (H), 2 Ch 36:21.
4. = week(?): שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת Lv 23:15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; שָּׁנִים(ה)שֶׁבַע שַׁבְּתתֹ 25:8, 25:8 (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (v. Mk 16:2, 16:9, Lk 18:12, Mt 28:1, cf. JAram. usage); poss. שַׁבָּת Is 66:23 = week (Du).
5. שַׁבַּת הָאָ֫רֶץ Lv 25:6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).
† [שָׁבַת] vb. Denom. keep, observe (sabbath);—Qal, c. acc. cogn.; Pf. 3 fs. וְשָֽׁבְתָה הָאָרֶץ שַׁבָּת לי׳: Lv 25:2; 2 mpl. מֵעֶרֶב עַד־עֶרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶָם 23:32 (P).
† שַׁבָּתוֹן n.m. sabbath observance, sabbatism;—שׁ׳: Ex 16:23 + 10 t. P; usu. phrase שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן sabbath of sabbatic observance;—
1. of weekly sabbath Ex 31:15, 35:2, Lv 23:3, Ex 16:23 (שַׁבָּתוֹן שַׁבַּת קֹדֶשׁ, prob. transp.).
2. day of atonement Lv 16:31, 23:32.
3. sabbatical year Lv 25:4; cf. שְׁנַת שַׁבָּתוֹן v:5.
4. שׁ׳: alone of feast of trumpets Lv 23:24, and of first and eighth days of feast of tabernacles v:39, v:39.
† שַׁבְּתַי n.pr. Levite:—Ezr 10:15, Ne 8:7, 11:16; Σαβ(β)αθαι, etc.
† [מִשְׁבָּת] n.[m.] cessation, annihilation;—pl. sf. עַל־מִשְׁבַּתֶָּהָ La 1:7 (LXX ἐπί κατοικεσἰα αὐτῆς = עַל־שִׁבְתָּהּ; Marti:LCB 1895, Mar. 2, 282 עַל־שְׁבִיתָהּ her captivity).
שָׁגֵא v. שָׁגֵה. p. 993
† [שָׁגַג] vb. go astray, commit sin or error (‖שׁגה , שׁוג);—Qal Pf. שָׁגָג֛ Lv 5:18; Pt. שֹׁגֵג Jb 12:16, Ps 119:67; f. שֹׁגֶ֫גֶת Nu 15:23;—
1. err,. mentally Jb 12:16.
2. sin ignorantly, inadvertently, Lv 5:18, Nu 15:28 (P), cf. Ps 119:67.—בְּשַׁגָּם Gn 6:3 perhaps Inf. cstr. sf., by reason of their going astray, v. Ges:§ 67 p Ew Dr al.; > Vrss for that he also is flesh. אֲבִישַׁג, v. p. 4:b.
†שְׁגָגָה n.f. sin of error, inadvertence;—abs. שׁ׳: Nu 15:25 +; sf. שִׁגְָתוֹ Lv 5:18; שִׁגְָתָם Nu 15:26;—error (opp. sins of intention, or בְּיָד רָמָה) only P Ec: Nu 15:25 = Ec 5:5, cf. Ec 10:5; על שׁ׳: Lv 5:18, Nu 15:25; חטא בִּשׁ׳: Lv 4:2, 4:22, 4:27, 5:15, Nu 15:27, 15:28 + (vb. om.) v:26; עשׂה בִשׁ׳: Lv 4:22, Nu 15:29 + (לִשׁ׳:) v:24; אכל קֹדֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳: Lv 22:14; מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳: of unintended killing Nu 35:11, 35:15 = Jos 20:3, 20:9 (‖ in D בִּבְלִי־דַעַת.—1 S 14:24 v. שׁגה. below
שִׁגָּיוֹן v. p. 993:b.
† [שָׁגָה] vb. go astray, err (Aram. שְׁגָא, ܫܓܳܐ id.);—Qal Pf. 1 s. שָׁגִיתִי Jb 6:24, 19:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁגֶּה Pr 5:23, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁגוֹת 19:27; Pt. שֹׁגֶה Ez 45:20, Pr 20:1, etc.;—
1. err, stray, of flock Ez 34:6 (fig.).
2. swerve, meander, reel or roll, in drunkenness, ב of drink Is 28:7, 28:7; = be intoxicated, Pr 20:1; so with (בּ) love 5:19, 5:20; בָּרֹאֶה שׁ׳: Is 28:7.
3. go astay, morally, 1 S 26:21, Pr 5:23, Jb 6:24, 19:4, + 1 S 14:24 (rdg. שְׁגָגָה שׁ׳:) Th We Dr Now (after LXX; otherwise Bu HPS); c. מן, of י׳:’s commands Ps 119:21, 119:118, מִן of words of knowledge Pr 19:27.
4. specif. commit sin of ignorance, inadvertence Lv 4:13, Nu 15:22 (P) Ez 45:20 (cf. שׁגג). Hiph. lead astray: 1. lit., Pt. מַשְׁגֶּה Dt 27:18 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ). 2. מַשׁ׳: mentally = mislead Jb 12:16. 3. morally, Pt. Pr 28:10 (בְּדֶרֶךְ רָָע); Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁגֵּנִי, c. מן of God’s commands Ps 119:10; + perhaps Jb 12:23 leadeth nations astray (LXX SvrVer, i.e. וַיַּשְׁגֵּם for וַיַּנְחֵם).
† [שְׁגִיאָה Kö:ii. 1. 197] n.f. error;—pl. abs. שְׁגִיאוֹת Ps 19:13; read שְׁגָגוֹת ?.
†מִשְׁגֶּה n.m. mistake Gn 43:12 (J).
† שָׁגֵה (שָׁגֵא van d. H.) n.pr.m. father of a hero of David 1 Ch 11:34.—B Σωλα, A Σαγη, LXXL Σαμαια.
† [שָׁגַח] vb. Hiph. gaze (NH id., Ecclus 40:29, 50:5; late Rabb. הַשְׁגָּחָה = providence (from Ps 33:14; JAram. שְׁגַח gaze, consider);—c. אֶל־ pers.; Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁגִּיחַ Ps 33:14 (of י׳:; מִן loc.); Impf. 3 mpl. רֹאֶיךָ אֵלֶיךָ יַשְׁגִּיחוּ Is 14:16 they that see thee, at thee shall they gaze (‖אֵלָיךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֫נוּ ; cf. משגיח על שלחן Ecclus 40:29); abs.: Pt. מַשְׁגִּיחַ Ct 2:9 (c. מִן from (the outside of) the windows).
† שִׁגּיוֹן doubtful word, Ps 7:1 (title), Ew De al. from √שׁגה go a stray, reel, i.e. wild, passionate song, with rapid changes of rhythm; cf. Lag:BN 201f. who cp. שִׁגָּעוֹן, √שׁגע; LXX ψαλμὀς, rd. prob. מִזְמוֹר; pl. שִׁגְיֹנוֹת Hb 3:1 (title), rd. נְגִינוֹת, so LXX.
† [שָׁגֵל] vb. violate, ravish (Mass. think verb obscene, and subst. שָׁכַב);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁגָּלֶנָּה Dt 28:30 Kt (Qr יִשְׁכָּבֶנָּה). Niph. Impf. 3 fpl. תִּשָּׁגַלְנָה Is 13:16, Zc 14:2 women shall be ravished (both Kt; Qr תִּשְּׁכַבְנָה). Pu. < Qal pass. (Ges:§ 52 e) Pf. 2 fs. אֵיפֹה לאֹ שֻׁגַּלְתְּ Je 3:2 where hast thou not been ravished ? (Qr שֻׁכַּבְתְּ).
† שֵׁגָל n.f. (queen-) consort Ne 2:6, Ps 45:10, + perh, Ju 5:30 c v. שְׁלָל (Palm. n.pr.f. שגּל Lzb:372 SAC:111 GACooke:309; Thes:1363 cp. ‘queen,’ orig. ‘woman’; but שׁ׳: loan-word acc. to Lag:BN 51, 153 and not from √[שָׁגֵל]).
† [שָׁגַע] Pu. be mad (Ar. سَجَعَ coo, of male pigeon, utter long whinny, of camel (cf. Hoffm:ZAW iii (1883), 89 RS:JPhil. Xiv. 119 f. Goldziher:Arab. Philol. i. 59 ff. Lag:BN 202); Eth. zang9a: be mad (n ins., Di:1055 Ba:ES 50); As. šegû, rage, howl; on meaing in Heb. v. esp. We:Skizzen iii. 130);—Pu. Pt. as adj.: pred. וְהָיִיתָ מְשֻׁגָּע Dt 28:34 thou shalt be maddened (מִן because of), fig. for driven to despair; מ׳: of proph., contemptuously Ho 9:7, כָּל־אִישׁ מ׳: וּמִתְנַבֵּא Je 29:26, as subst. 2 K 9:11; pl. מְשֻׁגָּעִים 1 S 21:16 madmen. Hithp. shew madness; Pt. אִישׁ מִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ 1 S 21:15; Inf. cstr. לְהִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ v:15.
†שִׁגָּעוֹן n.m. madness;—הִכָּה בְּשׁ׳: Dt 28:28 smite with madness, fig. of wild and helpless panic (‖עִוָּרוֹן ), הִּמְהוֹן לֵבָב, Zc 12:4 (‖תִּמָּהוֹן ); בְּשׁ׳: 2 K 9:20 (hyperb.) madly.
שׁגר (√of foll.; cf. Aram. שְׁגַר cast, throw, Ex 13:12 Targum:J drop young, ܫܓܰܪ misit, demisit (rare); cf. Dr:Dt 7:13).
† שֶׁ֫גֶּר n.[f. Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 70] offspring, young of beasts (שגר id. Ecclus 40:19; cf. We:Skizzen iii. 170);—cstr. שׁ׳:;—בְּהֵמָה כָּל־פֶּטֶר שׁ׳: Ex 13:12 (J; רֶחֶם כָּל־ט׳: precedes); also שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ Dt 7:13, 28:4, 28:18, 28:51 (all ‖עַשְׁתְּרֹת חאֹנֶ֑ךָ ).
שַׁד, II. שֹׁד breast, v. שׁדה. p. 994
† [שֵׁד] n.[m.] appar. demon (loan-word from As. šêdu, a protecting spirit, esp. of bull-colossus, Dl:Pa 153 f.; WB 645 COT:Dt 32:17 Zim:KAT3. 460 f., 455, 649; cf. Aram. שֵׁידָא, ܫܺܐܕܳܐ demon, and (perh.) Ph. n.pr. גדשד Nö:ZMG x1ii (1888), 481 Lzb:249; orig. √שׁוד ( = Ar. سَادَ rule) acc. to Thes Baud:Sem. Rei. i. 130 ff. Dl:WB al.; > Ar. سعد (III, IV aid, Hom:ZMG x1vi (1892), 529, against this Zim:l. c);—תִזְבְּחוּ לַשֵּׁדִים לאֹ אֱלֽהַּ Dt 32:17 (cf. Dr), Ps 106:37 (human sacrifice).
I. שֹׁד v. שׁדד. below
[שָׁדַד]:56 vb. deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin (NH id., Niph.; Ar. سَدَّ stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm; Eth. sadada: expel; As. šadâdu is draw, drag);—Qal pf. 3 pl. consec. וְשָֽׁדְדוּ Ez 32:12; sf. שַׁדּוּנִי Ps 17:9; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּד (metapl., cf. Ges:§ 67 q Bae) Ps 91:6 sf. יְשָׁדֵּם (Ges:§ 67 n) Pr 11:3 Qr (Kt Pf. ושׁדם), יְשָׁדְדֵם Je 5:6; Imv. mpl. שָׁדְדו (Ges:§ 67 cc) 49:28; Inf. abs. שָׁדוֹד Mi 2:4; cstr. לִשְׁדוֹד Je 47:4 (Ges:§ 45 g), cf. also שֹׁד Ho 10:14; Pt. act. שֹׁדֵד Je 6:26 +,etc.; pass. שָׁדוּד Ju 5:27 +, f. שְׁדוּדָה Ps 137:8;—violently destory, pers., = slay Ju 5:27 (pass.), Je 5:6 (wolf subj.; ‖הִכָּה ); acc. Philistines 47:4 (‖הִכְרִית ), v:4 (subj. י׳:); = devastate, acc. בָּבֶל (subj. י׳:) Je 51:55, cf. Ps 137:8 (rd. prob. הַשֹּׁדֵדָה We Du, cf. Ew Hi הַשָּׁדוֹדָה v. Kö:ii.194); אֶת־גְּאוֹן מִחְרַיִם Ez 32:12 (‖נִשְׁמַד ), cf. Ho 10:14, אֶת־מַרְעִיתָם Je 25:36 (subj. י׳:), abs. Is 21:2 (‖בָּגַד ), 33:1 (on use of pt v. Ges:§ 120 b), pass v:1 (‖בָּגַד ), אַתְּי שָׁדוּד Je 4:30 (Gf Ba:NB 179, but dub.; < Du שְׁדוּדָה); = despoil, acc. pers. Je 49:28; = bring pers. to ruin Mi 2:4 (Inf. abs. + Niph. q.v.), Pr 11:3; weaker, assail Ps 17:9; elsewhere Pt. act. as subst. devastator (despoiler?): of national foes Is 16:4, 21:2, 33:1, Je 6:26 + 8 t. Je; שׁוֹדְדֵי לַיְלָה Ob:5 (‖גַּנָּבִים ) del. Now GASm; personal foe Jb 15:21; representing wicked in gen. 12:6 (‖מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל ). † Niph. Pf. 1 pl. שָׁדוֹד נְשַׁדֻּנוּ (Ges:§ 67 u Kö:i. 342 f.) we are utterly ruined. †Pi. Impf. 2 ms. אַל־תְּשַׁדֵּד רִבְחוֹ Pr 24:15 assault not his dwelling-place (‖אַל־אֱֶרֹב ); Pt. as subst. מְשַׁדֶּד־אָב Pr 19:26 he who assaults, maltreats (his) father (‖יַבְרִיחַ אֵם ). † Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁדַּד Is 15:1 +, 3 fs. שֻׁדְּדָה Je 4:20 +, שָׁדְּדָה Na 3:7 (Ges:§ 52q), etc.;—be devastated, of city Is 15:1, 15:1, 23:1, Je 48:1, 49:3, Na 3:7, country or nation Je 4:20, cf. v:13, 9:18, 48:15, 48:20, 49:10, dwellings (אֹהֶל) Je 4:20, 10:20, trees Zc 11:2 (del. Sta:ZAW 1 (1881), 25), cf. v:not found33, stength of ships Is 23:14, field (by drought) Jo 1:10, crop v:10. † Pō‘l. violently destroy: Impf. 3 ms. יְשֹׁרֵד מַצֵּבוֹתָם Ho 10:2 (‖יַעֲרֹף מִוְבְּחֹתָם ). † Hoph. Impf. (or Qal pass. Impf. ? cf. Ges:§ 53 u) be devastated: 3 ms. כָּל־מִבְחָרֶיךָ יוּשָָּׁד Ho 10:14 (of Ephr., < We pl. יושׁדו); 2 ms. תּוּשַּׁד Is 33:1 (subj. שׁוֹדֵד, v. Qal).
† I. שֹׁד, שׁוֹד (v. infr.) n.m. violence, havoc, devastation, ruin;—שׁ׳: abs. Ho 7:13 +; cstr. Is 22:4 +;—
1. violence, havoc, as social sin: חָמָס וָשֹׁד Am 3:10, Je 6:7, 20:5, Ez 45:2, וְח׳ :שׁ׳: Hb 1:3, כָּזָב וָשׁ׳: Ho 12:2 (1. וָשָׁוְא, LXX We Marti a.), וָשֶׁבֶר שׁ׳: Is 59:7, 60:18, Pr 24:2 (‖עָמָל ;רְשָׁעִים שׁ׳: Pr 21:7; c. genit. obj. עֲנִיִּים שׁ׳: Ps 12:6.
2. devastation, ruin, for nation Ho 7:13, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבוֹא Is 13:6 (sim. of יוֹם י׳:) = Jo 1:13, Is 16:4 (Lo Gr Che:Hpt Marti שֹׁדֵד; ‖רֹמֵס ), 22:4, וְשֶׁבֶר שׁ׳: 51:19 Je 48:3; more gen. Am 5:9, 5:9; for individ. Jb 5:21 (van d. H. שׁוֹד), v:22; for beasts Hb 2:17 (+ חֲמַס לְבָנוֹן).—Ho 10:14 v. שׁדד Inf.—מִשּׁד (הָֽלְכוּ) Ho 9:6 read אַשּׁוּר We Now Marti.—II. שֹׁד, v. שׁדה. below
שַׁדַּי v. infr. אַשְׁדוֹד v.p. 78; > here, Thes al.
שׁדה (√ of foll.; Ar شَدَي moisten, شَدْيُ breast; Aram. Pl. תְּדַיָּא, ܬܕܰܝܳܐ breasts; cf. Lag:BN 171; Heb. n. orig. *שָׁרֶה Ba:NB 9, cf. Id.:ZMG xii (1887), 637).
† [שַׁד] n.m.:Ho 9:14 female breast;—abs. שָָׁד La 4:3; elsewhere du. שָׁדַיִם Ho 9:14 +, cstr. שְׁדֵי Ez 23:21 +, sf. שָׁדַי Ct 1:13, 8:10, שָׁדַיִדּ 4:5 +, etc.;—breast:
1. of woman Ho 2:4, Ez 16:7, 23:3, 23:21 (שְׁדֵי נְעוּרָָיִךְ, ‖דַּדַּיִךְ ), v:34 (> del. LXX Codd. Co;—all these of personif. People), Ct 1:13, 4:5, 7:4, 7:8, 7:9, 8:8, 8:10; of mother Ps 22:10, c. יָנַק suck Ct 8:1, Jb 3:12, Jo 2:15; Ho 9:14 (v. [חָמַק]); מִשּׁ׳: עֲתִיקֵי Is 28:9 i.e. those already weaned, mature (‖ גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָב).—Is 32:12 v. [ספד].
2. of animal La 4:3.
3. both human and animal, וָרָָחַם בִּרְכוֹת שׁ׳: Gn 49:25 (poem in J).
† II. שֹׁד n.m. id. (cf. the rare Arab. شُدُّ, Lane:333 Ba:ZMG ii. 637);—שׁ׳: abs., of mother Jb 24:9; cstr. (fig., c. יָנַק): מְלָכִים שׁ׳: Is 60:16, תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ שׁ׳: 66:11, i.e. the consolations of Jerusalem.
† שְׁדֵיאוּר n.pr.m. in Reuben (read prob. שַׁדַּי אוּר, שׁ׳: is flame, v. Nö:ZMG xv (1860), 809 Ne Kg. 45 Gray:Prop. N. 169, 197);—only in אֱלִיחוּר בֶּן־שׁ׳: Nu 1:5, 2:10, 7:30, 7:35, 10:18 (all P); Σεδιονρ.
† שִׁדָּה n.f. mng. Unknown;—only s. et pl. שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת Ec 2:8, apparently appos. Of תַּעֲנגֻוֹת (LXX οἰνοξόον Καὶ οἰνοξόας, i.e. שֹׁדֶה וְשֹׁדוֹת, from Aram. שְׁדָא pour out [but not spec. of wine]; Aq. Κυλίκιον Καὶ Κυλίκια (cf. Vulgate), prob. fr. same √; Dl:Prol. 97 Kö:ii. 1. 161 Wildeb Siegf cp. As. šadâdu, love (Siegf ‘Haremsperlen’), but this word lacks evidence; poss. שָׂרָה וְשָׁרוֹת, v. I. שָׂרָה p. 979
שַׁדַּי:48 n.m.dei (etym. Dub. (I) Aq Sym Theod ἱκανός; Rabb שֶׁ־ + דַּי (self-) sufficient, no moderns. (2) = almighty, √ שׁדד + י = Thes De Di Sta, or √שׁדה = שׁדד, n. intens. Ew:§ 155 c, but שׁדד (q.v.) is deal violently not simply mightily; cf. LXX παντοκράτωρ 14 (15) t. (but in Pent. אלשׁ׳: is ό Θεόχ μου, σου, etc.), Vulgate mostly omnipotens. (3) < conject. for orig. שֵׁדַי (v. שֵׁד) my sovereign lord, ‖אֲדֹנָי , בעלי Nö:SBA 1880, 775; ZMG xlii (1888), 481; Hoffm:Ph, Inscr. 53; used of foreign deities (Dt 32:17), and so discredited (cf. בַּעַל).—> other conj., e.g. RS:OTJC, 424 √שׁדה pour forth (God as rain-giver); Dl:Pr 96 sq. As. šadû, high, ilu šâdû’ a, Che:Comm. Is ii.148, or šadû, mountain, also in n.pr.; v. further Dr:Gn 404 ff.);—
1. שַׁדַּי Nu 24:4, 24:16 (JE, poem), and so as archaism Ru 1:20, 1:21, Ps 68:15, 91:1, Jo 1:15 = Is 13:6, Ez 1:24 (del. Co); esp. Jb 5:17 + 30t. Jb (+ 19:29 Ew Di, rdg. שׁ׳: for שׁדין).
2. אֵל שַׁדַּי Gn 49:25 (poem; so read for אֵת שׁ׳:, v. Sam LXX SyrVer Saad, Heb. Codd.), and so, as archaism, divine name of patriarchs in P, Gn 17:1, 28:3, 35:11, 48:3, Ex 6:3, Gn 43:14 (R:P); so Ez 10:5 (del. Co; but LXX Σαδδαι).
שַׁדיּן Jb 19:29 v. דין p. 192:b supra.
שׁדם √of following; meaning unknown).
† [שְׁדֵמָה] n.f. field;—only pl.: abs. שְׁדֵמוֹת Hb 3:17, Je 21:40 Qr (> Kt השׁרמוֹת); cstr. ת(וֹ)שַׁדְמ Dt 32:32 + 2 t.;—fields, as cultivated Dt 32:32, also (c. vb. sg.) Is 16:3, Hb 3:17; as locality 2 K 23:4, area Je 31:40.—שְׁדֵמָה Is 37:27 v. שְׁדֵפָה.
† [שָׁדַף] vb. scorch, blight (Nh id.; Niph. Hithp. be blighted; J Aram. שְׁדַף Ithpe. burn (up); Ar.سدف IV. be dark);—Qal Pt. pass. cstr., of ears of grain, שְׁדוּפֹת קָדִים Gn 41:6 scorched by a sirocco, so שְׁדֻפוֹת ק׳: v:23, הַקּ׳ :שׁ׳: v:27 (all E).
† שְׁדֵפָה n.f. blighted or blasted thing;—לִפְנֵי קָמָה וּשׁ׳: 2 K 19:26 a blasted thing before (the standing grain, i.e. before maturity ( > שְׁדֵמָה field, as ‖ Is 37:27, cf. Di), but improb.; Th prop. וָדִים ל׳ :וּשׁ׳:; Kit שְׁדֻף הַקָּדִים; We (and most since) וּשְׁדֵפָֽה ָ לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ וגו׳: (Che: וּשְׁפָיִים, for וּשְׁדֵפָה).
† שִׁדָּפוֹן n.m. blight, of crops (Lag:BN 202 Vogelst:Landwirthsch. 56);—שׁ׳: abs. + יֵרָקוֹן Am 4:9, cf. Hg 2:17, Dt 28:22, 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28.
† שַׁדְרַךָ n.pr.m. Bab. name given to חֲנַנְיָה, one of Daniel’s comrades Dn 1:7 (form and mng. dub.; Dl (cf. COT Dr) Šudur-Aku, command of Aku; Jen:Th LZ 1895, 328 thinks Pers. [*Khšatraka]; Kohler:ZA iv (1889), 50 conj. מרדך, so Wkl:Altor. Forsch. iii. 47. 57 Zim:KAT 3. 396).
שׁדשׁ (√of foll.; Sab. סדתַ, סתַ, six Sab Denkm:90 Hom:Chrest. 47. 124; Ar. سَادِسُ sixth (assim. of last cons.), سِتُّ, سِتَّةُ six; Eth. ssu: sdstu: six; As. sudušu (s!) six-fold, seššu, sixth; cf. also Aram. שֵׁית, שִׁתָּא, ܫܶܬ, ܫܶܬܳܐ six, Nab. שת, Palm. שתא Ldzb:383 SAC:118).
שֵׁשׁ, שִׁשָּׁה:216 n.m. et f. six;—m. שֵׁשׁ (c. n.f.) Gn 31:41 + 120 t.; f. שִׁשָּׁה (c. n.m.) 30:20 + 39 t.; cstr. שֵׁ֫שֶׁת Ex 23:12 + 30 t. (6 + 10 = 16 are additional);—six (Hex chiefly P):
1. no other num.: a. bef. n.pl. 75 t.: e.g. שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים Ex 21:2 (E) + 11 t., שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת 1 S 17:4 + 8 t.; שֵׁשׁ בָּאַמָּה †1 K 6:6; שִׁשָּׁה בָּנִים Gn 30:20 (E) + 2 t.; שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים Ex 23:12 (E) + 14 t.; after n. (late) †Ex 28:2 Jos 15:59, 15:62 (all P), 1 Ch 4:27, 26:17, Ne 5:18; rarely n. om. Lv 24:6 (P) + (distrib. 2 S 21:20 = 1 Ch 20:6). b. = ordin. שְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ לְחִזְק׳: 2 K 18:10 (Ges:§ 134 o).
2. 16, c n.f.: שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, bef. נָ֑פֶשׁ Gn 46:18 (P), שָׁנָה 2 K 13:10 + 9 t., בָּנוֹת 2 Ch 13:21; after עָרִים Jos 15:41, 19:22 (P); c. n.m. שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר, bef. אֲדָנִים Ex 26:25, 36:30 (P), also אֶלֶף, 1000, Nu 31:40 + (P); after בָּנִים 1 Ch 4:27, etc.; = ordin. 16th 1 Ch 24:14, 25:23 +, ע ׳:יוֹם שׁ׳: 2 Ch 29:27.
3. 600 = שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת, Gn 7:6 (P) + 63 t.; 6000 = שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Nu 3:34 (P) + 8 t.; אֶלֶף שׁ׳: Ju 20:15 + 2 t.
4. c. tens, שׁ׳: foll. Gn 46:26 + 13 t., precedes Nu 31:44 (P).
5. שׁ׳: as round no., חָמֵשׁ אוֹ־שׁ׳: 2 K 13:19, cf. Jb 5:19, Pr 6:16.
שִׁשִּׁי m.:22 שִׁשִּׁית f.:6 adj. num. ordin. sixth;—יוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי(הַ) Gn 1:31 + 5 t., etc.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשִּׁשִּׁית Lv 25:21, Ez 8:1, etc.; cstr. שִׁשִּׁית הַהִין Ez 4:11 6th part of the hin, cf. 45:13, 46:14; read שׁ׳: also 45:13 b (v. [שִׁשָּׁה] infra).
שִׁשִּׁים:59 n. indecl. sixty;—bef. n. sg.: city Dt 3:4 + 4 t., cubit 1 K 6:2, Ez 40:14, man 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25, day Lv 12:5, etc.; n.pl. בָּנוֹת 2 Ch 11:21, cf. Ct 3:7; after n.pl. Nu 7:88, 7:88, 7:88, 2 Ch 3:3, 11:21 +; שִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף 2 Ch 12:3 +; שׁ׳: foll. units Gn 5:15 + 12 t.; שׁ׳: precedes unit Is 7:8 + 12 t.; שׁ׳: foll. 100 (1000) Ezr 8:10 + 11 t.; precedes Gn 5:18 = 8 t.
†[שִׁשָּׁה] vb. Pi. denom. give sixth part of (se vera l.);—Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וְשִׁשִּׁיתֶם הָאֵיפָה Ez 45:13 (+מִן part.), but < read שִׁשִּׁית Vrss and mod. (‖שִׁשִּׁית v:a).—וְשִׁשֵּׁאתִיךָ Ez 39:2 v. שׁשׁא. p. 1058
† I. שֹׁ֫הַם n.m.:Jb 28:16 a gem, identif. dubious, Vrss vary; onyx or chrysoprasus Ri:HWB 2, 336 f., onyx Taylor:Hast. DB iii. 624, beryl Ridgeway:Ency. Bib. 545, malachite Myres:ib. 4808, etc.; cf. also Dr:Gn 2:12 (√ unknown; perh. loan-word, cf. As. sâmtu Dl:WB 488);—אֶבֶן הַשּׁ׳: Gn 2:12 (J; +הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Ḥavilah; אַבְנֵי שׁ׳: Ex 25:7, 28:9, 35:9, 35:27, 39:6 (all P), 1 Ch 29:2; אֶבֶן om. Ez 28:13, Ex 28:20, 39:13 (both P; all in lists of gems); יָקָר וְסַפִּיר שׁ׳: Jb 28:16.
† II. שֹׁ֫הַם n.pr.m. Levite;—שׁ׳: 1 Ch 24:27; Ισ(σ)οαμ, Ιεσσαμ.
שָׁו Jb 15:31 Kt, v. שָׁוְא. below
† שְׁוָא n.pr.m. 1. Calebite 1 Ch 2:49, Σαου, Σουε. 2. secretary, David’s time 2 S 20:25 Qr (Kt שׁיא), Ιησους, A Ισους, LXXL Σουσα (v. (ו)שְׂרָיָה
1.). p. 976
I. שׁוא (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. سَأَ (med. و) be evil, foul, unseemly; Eth. say0: baseness).
† שָׁוְא n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—שׁ׳: abs. Ex 23:1 + 51 t., שָׁו Jb 15:31 (Kt);—
1. emptiness, nothingness, vanity: תְּשׁוּעַת אָרָם שׁ׳: Ps 60:13 vain (is) man’s deliverance, = 108:13; לָכֶם שׁ׳: 127:2 it is vain (useless) for you; 89:48 for (עַל) what nothingness hast thou created man ? cf. יַרְחֵי שׁ׳: Jb 7:3; הַבְלֵי שׁ׳: Ps 31:7 (idols) = Jon 2:9, cf. Je 18:15 + Ho 5:11 LXX (for חָו); מִנְחַת שׁ׳: Is 1:13 of ineffective offering to י׳:; נשׂא לַשּׁ׳: (לאֹ) Ex 20:7, 20:7 take up name of God in vain (to no good purpose) = Dt 5:11, 5:11, cf. Ps 24:4, 139:20 [MT lifted up in vain are thy foes, but rd. שְׁמֶָךָ for עָרֶיךָ, cf. נשׂא 1 b (7); al. עָלֶיךָ, v. II. עָר]; היה שׁ׳: Ho 12:12 become nothing (We עשׂה שׁ׳:, and so 3); ראה שׁ׳: Ps 119:37; adv. לַשּׁ׳: in vain Je 2:30, 4:30, 6:29, 46:11; שׁ׳: Ps 127:1, 127:1, Mal 3:14.
2. emptiness of speech, ‖ lying, שׁ׳: וּדְבַר כָּזָב Pr 30:8; דבּר שׁ׳: Ps 12:3, 41:7, 144:8, 144:11, Is 59:4, Ez 13:8; אָלוֹת שׁ׳: Ho 10:4 + 12:2 LXX We al. (for שֹׁד); הָלַךְ עִם־שׁ׳: Jb 31:5 (‖מִרְמָה ); עֵד שׁ׳: Dt 5:17 (= עֵד שָֽׁקֶר Ex 20:16); cf. שֵׁמַע שׁ׳: Ex 23:1 (E); of false (empty) prophecy חֲזוֹן שׁ׳: Ez 12:24, חָזוּ שׁ׳: La 2:14; v. also Ez 13:6, 13:7, 13:9, 13:23, 21:34, 22:28, Jb 35:13 (or empty complaining, sub 1); קסם שׁ׳: Ez 21:28; חֲלֹמוֹת הַשּׁ׳: Zc 10:2.
3. of conduct, worthlessness (Buhl sub 1, 2); מְרתי שׁ׳: worthless men Ps 26:4, Jb 11:11; worthless motives (in fig.) חַבְלֵי הַשּׁ׳: Is 5:18; נָפַת שׁ׳: 30:28 (i.e. sifting out the worthless; al. sieve of (bringing) disappointment); play on meanings in Jb 15:31, 15:31, cf. Dr:Job, Psalt. 464.
II. שׁוא (√ of foll.; prob. ‖ form of שׁאה).
† [שׁוֹא] n.[m.] ravage (?);—pl. sf. שֹׁאֵיהֶם Ps 35:17 rescue me from their ravages (si vera l.); LXX κακουργία; Ol Dy Gr Che:Comm. plausibly שַׁאֲגָם their roaring, cf. v:16, v:17 c; We Du שֹׁאֲגִים.
† שׁוֹאָה, שֹׁאָה n.f. devastation, ruin, waste;—abs. שׁו׳: Is 10:3 +, שֹׁאָה 47:11, Zp 1:15, Jb 30:14 (+ 38:27 van d. H. Gi, but v. Baer’s n.); cstr. שֹׁאַת Pr 3:25;—
1. devastation, ruin, as coming on pers., Is 10:3, 47:11 (Babylon personif.), Ps 35:8 a, 63:10; שֹׁאַת רְשָׁעִים Pr 3:25 (obj. genit.; ‖פַּחַד ); וּמְשׁוֹאָה שׁ׳:(יוֹם) Zp 1:15; prob. = devastating storm, in sim. Ez 38:9 (‖עָנָן ), Pr 1:27 (Qr; Kt שׁאוה; ‖סוּפָה ).—Ps 35:8 b read prob. שַׁחְתֹּה his pit, SyrVer We (cf. v:7).
2. concretely, ruin, waste, of the desert, Jb 30:3 (rdg. אֶרֶץ for אֶמֶשׁ Ol; otherwise sub 1), וּמְשׁוֹאָה שׁ׳: 38:27 (‖מִדְבָּר v:26); = ruins Jb 30:14.
† מְשׁוֹאָה, מְשֹׁאָה n.f. desolation;—
1. sg. only in שֹׁאָה וּמ׳: Zp 1:15, Jb 30:3, 38:27, v. foregoing; pl. (מַשּׁוּאוֹת, rd.) מְשׁוֹאוֹת, so Klo Hup-Now Che:Comm. Bae Du Ps 74:3 ruins (of temple) and 73:18 ruins (of one’s life, fig.; but Du here der. fr. נשׁא: deceptions, v. p. 674; yet cf. synon. שַׁמָּה v:19).
† [תְּשֻׁאָה] n.f. noise (prop. of devastation, storm);—MT only pl. תְּשֻׁאוֹת abs. city noises Is 22:2 (of עִיר הוֹמִיָּה), adv. acc. = (with) shoutings Zc 4:7; so cstr. נוֹגֵשׂ לאֹ יִשְׁמָָע ת׳: Jb 39:7 (subj. wild ass); סֻכָּתוֹ ת׳: 36:29 (of thunder); read perh. sg. תְּשֻׁוָה (= תְּישׁאָה) Jb 30:22 Kt, dissolvest me in (or, into) the roar of the storm (‖ make me ride on wind), so Ew Ol De Di Du Bu al.; > תֻּשִׁיָּה Qr AV my substance (?), Du מִתֻּשׁ׳: ‘ohne Halt’ (?).
שׁוּב:1056 vb. turn back, return (NH id.; Hiph. in MI:8 f. 12; Sab. תַיב, התַב, esp. requite Os:ZMG xix (1865), 198 SabDenkm:No. 20, l. 1 Hom:Chrest. 122 CIS:iv. 81, i. 9, etc.; Ar. شَْبَ return, so Aram. תּוּב, ܬܒ);—Qal:685 Pf. 3 ms. שָׁב Gn 18:33 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫בָה Ru 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consec. † Ez 46:17 (Ges:§ 72 o, but Co Toy Krae וְשֶׁבָה), 2 ms. שַׁבְתָּ Ps 85:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּב Ho 11:5 + oft., יָשֻׁב Ps 146:4, La 3:3, juss. יָשֹׁב Ju 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Gn 26:18 +; 3 fpl. תָּשֹׁבְןָ Ez 16:55, 16:55, תְּשֻׁבֶינָה v:55, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּב Gn 31:3 +, שֻׁב Ex 4:19, 1 K 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Ho 14:2 +, fpl. שֹׁבְנָה Ru 1:8, 1:11, 1:12, etc.; Inf. abs. שׁוֹב Gn 8:3 +, cstr. שׁוּב Ex 4:21 +, שֹׁב Jos 2:16 (Ges:§ 72 q), etc.; Pt. שָׁב Gn 43:18 +, fs. שָׁבָ֫ה Ru 1:22 +, etc.; pass. cstr. שׁוּבֵי Mi 2:8;—turn back, return:
1. turn back, c. מִן loc. Ju 3:19, 8:13, cf. 7:3, c. מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. from following 2 S 11:15, 1 K 19:21, Ru 1:16, fr. pursuing 2 S 2:26, 2:30, 1 K 22:33 = 2 Ch 18:32; c. מִן of pursuit 1 S 17:53, 23:28, cf. 2 Ch 11:4; c. אַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. so as to follow 1 S 15:31, 2 S 23:10; turn back in fear, מִן rei Jb 39:22 (of horse), מִפְּנֵי כֹל Pr 30:30 (of lion), so abs. (of foes) Ps 6:11, 56:10, 70:4, in shame La 1:8; turn back and do so and so: Gn 14:7, Ex 14:2, cf. Nu 33:7 (עַל loc., both P), Jos 8:21 (E), 11:10 (J), 1 Ch 21:20, sq. inf. 2 Ch 20:27; abs. turn back (face about) Ct 7:1, 7:1, 7:1, 7:1 (+ vb.); = be repulsed, defeated Ps 9:4, 74:21; fig. turn back, viz. from a promise or a vow Ju 11:35; c. מִן of service Nu 8:25 (P), i.e. be exempt.
2. return, come or go back, c. מֵעַל pers. 1 S 17:15 (opp. הלד), 2 S 10:14, 2 K 18:14, מִן pers. Jos 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), מִן loc., esp. from foreign land 2 K 8:3, 2 Ch 10:2, Ru 1:6, 1:22, 2:6, 4:3, Je 31:16, 40:12, 43:5, 44:28, Ezr 6:21, Ne 8:17, מֵהַכּוֹת Gn 14:17 (JE ?), 1 S 17:57, 18:6, 2 S 1:1, 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי i.e. from pursuing 1 S 24:2 (Gi v:1); fig., מִנִּי חשֶׁח לאֹ שׁ׳: Jb 15:22 (v. חשֶׁח 3 a); עִבְרוּ זָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Ex 32:27 (J), i.e. go back and forth from gate to gate, cf. (abs.) pt. as subst. עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zc 7:14, 9:8 and (= all persons) Ez 35:7; also וַיֵּחֵא יָחוֹא וָשׁוֹב Gn 8:7 (J), רָחוֹא וָשׁוֹב Ez 1:14 (del. Hi Co Toy al.; yet v. Krae); Gn 8:3 (J) v. הלד 4 c (4).
3. esp. return unto: a. go back, אֶל pers. Nu 23:5, 23:16 (JE), 2 K 1:6 (‖הָלַח , as oft.), Ex 5:22 (J; אֶל־י׳:), 32:31 (E; id), Nu 17:15 (P), 2 S 20:22 (+ acc. loc.), Je 46:16 (both + אֶל loc.), + 17 t.; אֶל loc. also Gn 21:32, 28:21 (both E), 2 S 11:4, Ho 5:15 (of י׳:), 2 Ch 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם, + ל pers.), Est 2:14 (opp. בּוֹא), 7:8 (+ מִן loc.), + 27 t.; of a dog עַל־קֵאוֹ שׁ׳: Pr 26:11; ל loc. Gn 18:33 (J), 1 S 26:25, 29:4, 1 K 19:15 (+ ה- loc.), Gn 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֹ, + id.), Ps 7:8 (of י׳:), + 25 t.; ל pers. † Ru 1:10 (לְעַמֵח); ה- loc. also Gn 44:13 (J), Ex 4:20, 4:21 (R), 13:17 (E), + 5 t.; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Je 22:27; acc. loc. also Ho 8:13, 9:3, 1 S 18:2, 2 S 3:27, 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), 2 K 2:25 (+ מִן loc.), + 15 t.; acc. דֶּרֶךָ Ez 46:9; acc. pers. † Nu 10:36; אַחֲרֵי pers. Ru 1:15; abs. 2 S 3:16, 19:16 (+ בּוֹא), 1 K 18:43, Je 40:5 (< del. LXX Gie Du), Ez 7:13 b (del. LXX Co Krae al.) +; sq. vb., go back and do so and so, Gn 43:2, 1 S 1:19, 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵח בְּשָׁלוֹם), 1 K 13:22, 2 Ch 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם) +, (Je 42:10 read יָשׁוֹב Vrss and mod.); sq. inf. purpose Ju 14:8, 2 S 6:20 + 10 t. b. come back, אֶל pers. Gn 8:9 (J; + אֶל loc.), Ex 24:14 (J), 1 S 23:23 + 2 S 17:3 (LXX Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu), 1 K 12:15 (opp. הָלַח) + 9 t. + (in hostility) Ju 20:48; אֶל loc. also Zc 8:3 (subj. י׳:); Jos 22:32 (P) has מֵאֵת pers. + מִן loc. + אֶל loc. + אֶל pers.; אֶל rei Ez 7:13; עַל pers. † Ne 4:6, Mi 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל loc. † 1 K 17:21, 17:22; ל loc. Jos 1:15 (R), Zc 1:16 (subj. י׳:), 2 Ch 30:9 + (from exile) 5 t.; ל animal., Jb 39:4; ה- loc. † Gn 15:16 (E), 50:14 (J); acc. loc. † 2 Ch 19:8; שָׁם Je 20:11 (opp. יָחָא), שָׁ֫מָּה v:not found27, הֵ֫נָּה 31:8; abs. Gn 43:10 (J), 2 S 10:5, 2 K 1:5, Is 21:12 (‖אָתָה ), Jb 39:12 (Kt, so Bu Du; of wild ox), + oft.; + בְּשָׁלוֹם Ju 8:9, 1 K 22:28 (שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב) = 2 Ch 18:27, 2 Ch 18:26; + vb., come back and do so and so, † Dt 1:45, 30:8, Je 37:8, 1 K 19:7, 20:5, 2 K 9:36, Ps 60:2 (title), cf. Zc 4:1, Dn 11:10, לָשֶׁבֶת שׁ׳: Nu 35:32 (P), לָלֶכֶת שׁ׳: Ec 5:14. †
4. a. of dying, עָפָר(הֶ)אֶל־ שׁ׳: Gn 3:19, 3:19 (J), Ps 104:29, Ec 3:20, עַל־עָפָר Jb 34:15; לְאַדְמָתוֹ שׁ׳: Ps 146:4, cf. אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (i.e. בֶּטֶן אִמּוֹ) Jb 1:21 (v. Di Bu, also Ec 5:14); לִשְׁאָוֹלָה שׁ׳: Ps 9:18; so prob. abs. Ps 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, עַל־הָאָרֶץ שׁ׳: Ec 12:7; breath, אֶל־הָאֱלֹהַים שׁ׳: v:7. b. of revival from death, לְבֵיתוֹ שׁ׳: Jb 7:10, abs. 10:21 (opp. הָלַח), 16:22 (id.), Pr 2:19; also c. אֶל pers. 2 S 12:13. †
5. fig. of human relations: a. return to leader, king, אֶל pers., Ju 11:8, 1 K 12:27, 12:27; to divorced wife Je 3:1 (opp. הלד). b. = change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶל־ pers. Je 15:9, 15:9. c. turn, i.e. resort to, ל pers. Ps 119:79. d. return to a physical condition Jb 33:25 (ל rei); to a state or course of life, ל rei Is 23:17, Ez 16:55, 16:55, 16:55, Ne 9:17, Ps 85:9 עַל rei Je 11:10, הֲלוֹם Ps 73:10 (but crpt.); ב Je 8:6 (Du rds. שָׁט for שָׁב). e. abs. = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָראבּוֹ 2 K 24:1, Je 34:11, 34:16; bad to good v:15; so שׁ׳: alone Jb 6:29, 6:29 (prob.; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Di Da Bu al.; other interpr. De Du al.). f. pt. pass. = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Mi 2:8 (> We Now שְׁבִי spoil of war).
6. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: a. turn back from God, = apostatize, מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳: Nu 14:43 (J), 1 S 15:11, 1 K 9:6 (שׁוֹב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Je 3:19, Nu 32:15, Jos 22:16, 22:18, 22:23, 22:29 (all P); abs. (usu. + vb.) Ju 2:19, 8:33, Jos 23:12 (R:D), Je 8:4, Ps 78:41, 2 Ch 7:19. b. of י׳:, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי pers. Dt 23:15. c. turn back to God (= seek penitently), אֶל־י׳: Ho 6:1, 7:10, 14:3, Je 3:7, 1 K 8:33, 8:48 (בְּכָל־ לֵבָב), + 18 t.; אֶל־אֱלֹהִים † Ho 5:4, Ps 51:15, cf. Is 10:21; עַל־י׳: † 2 Ch 15:4, 30:9; עַד־י׳: Am 4:6, 4:8, 4:9, 4:10, 4:11, Ho 14:2, Is 9:12 + 5 t.; עַד־שַׁדַּי † Jb 22:23; לי׳: Is 31:6, נַפְשִׁי שׁ׳: לִמְנוּחָָיְכְי Ps 116:7; cf. לַבַּעַל Ho 7:16 (for לאֹ עָל, Now, cf. Marti); לְתוֹכַחְתִּי Pr 1:23 (prob. del., v. Toy). d. abs. repent, Ho 3:15, 11:5, Is 6:10, 10:22, Je 3:7, 3:12, 3:14, 3:22, 4:1, 5:3 + 14 t., + pt. as subst. Is 1:27. e. turn back from evil, c. מִן (esp. Je Ez) 1 K 8:35, 13:33, Je 15:7, 18:8 + 8 t. Je, Ez 3:19, 13:22 + 12 t. Ez ,+ 9 t.; cf. שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Is 59:20; שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Ez 18:30, so c. מֵעַל 14:6; from good, c. מִן, † Ez 3:20, 18:24, 18:26, 33:18. f. of י׳:, מֵחֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ שׁ׳: Ex 32:12 (JE), Dt 13:18, Jos 7:26 (J), 2 K 23:26, Jon 3:9; מִמֶּנּוּ אַף־י׳ :שׁ׳: Ho 14:5, Je 2:35, 4:8, Nu 25:4 (P), 2 Ch 12:12, 29:10, 30:8, so (man’s anger) Gn 27:45 (J) and (abs.) v:44 (E); abs. of אַף־י׳: Is 5:25, 9:11, 9:16, 9:20, 10:4, 12:1, Je 23:20 (opp. יָחָא v:19), 30:24, Jb 14:13, Dn 9:16. g. of י׳:, return (to shew favour), אֶל pers. † Gn 18:10 (+ inf. abs.), v:14, Zc 1:3, Mal 3:7, 2 Ch 30:6, abs. Is 63:17, Ps 80:15 (‖הִבִּיט , פָּקַד), 90:13, + vb. Je 12:15, Ps 6:5, Jo 2:14, Jon 3:9; also in hostility, + vb. Jos 24:20 (E), c. inf. purpose Ho 11:9. h. of י׳:, turn back from (מִן) judgment Je 4:28, אֱמֶת Ps 132:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. cease to bless, Je 32:40.
7. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life): a. as perceptibly moving, water Gn 8:3 (J; מֵעַל loc.), Jos 4:18 (J; ל loc.), Ex 14:26 (P; עַל pers.), v:28 (P; + vb.), Ps 104:9 (ל inf.), sea Ex 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֹ); wind Ps 78:39 (opp. הלד), Ec 1:6 (עַל loc.); shadow 2 K 20:9, 20:10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), ‖ Is 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Ju 15:19, 1 S 30:12 (אֶל pers.); clouds Ec 12:2 (מִן temp.); rain and snow Is 55:10 (ה loc.); rolling stone Pr 26:27; sword 2 S 1:22 (מִן rei), Ez 21:10, arrow Je 50:9; of plague-spot = re-appear, Lv 14:43 (P). b. = be brought back, Gn 43:18 (J), 1 S 5:11 (ל loc.), hence be restored, ל pers. Ez 46:17, so of kingdom 1 K 12:26, city 1 S 7:14 (Ez 35:9 v. ישׁב 4), field Lv 27:24 (P); of animal Dt 28:31. c. = be turned into, ל rei, Is 29:17; = be turned back into, עַד rei, Mi 1:7. d. return, fig. of word, (1) Is 45:23, c. אֶל pers. 55:11 (both opp. יָחָא); (2) Ps 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Du). e. turn away, depart, of infamy Pr 25:10. f. return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., c. בְּראֹשׁ 1 K 2:33, Ob:15, Ps 7:17, עַל־ראֹשׁ Est 9:25, ל pers. Ps 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph.), Pr 12:14. g. Ps 94:15 judgement (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith). h. of boundary, = change (sts. reverse) direction (P), ה- loc. Jos 19:12 (+ מִן loc.), v:34 (+ acc. loc.), acc. loc. also v:27, v:29 (+ עַד loc.), v:29. i. be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand 1 K 13:6, 13:6 (אֶל pers.), leprous hand Ex 4:7 (J; c. כ comp.), flesh 2 K 5:10 (ל pers.), v:14, Lv 13:16 (‖נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן ). †
8. denoting repetition, etc. (Ges:§ 120 d g): + vb., return (and) do = do again, Gn 26:18, 30:31, Nu 11:4 (all J), Ju 19:7, 1 S 3:5, 3:6, 1 K 13:33, 19:6, 2 K 1:11, 1:13, 19:9, 21:3 = 2 Ch 33:3, Je 18:4, 36:28, Zc 5:1, 6:1, Mal 1:4, Jb 10:16, 17:10, Ps 7:13, Dn 9:25, perh. also 2 Ch 19:4; cf. Is 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), La 3:3 appar. = do repeatedly; שׁ׳: + Inf. abs. Ec 4:1, 4:7, 9:11; in compar. עוֹד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Ez 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so v:13 and (מִן comp.) v:15; שׁ׳: + Inf. cstr. Dt 24:4, 30:9, Jos 5:2 (R:D), Je 36:28, Ez 8:17, Ezr 9:14, Ne 9:28, Jb 7:7, Ec 1:7; = reverse one’s action, + vb. Jos 2:23 (E), Ho 2:11, 2 K 13:25, Dt 30:3, Mi 7:19, Zc 8:15, Ps 71:20, 71:20, 85:7; = restore to original condition by doing, + vb. Dt 23:14.
9. trans., peculiarly, in phr. שׁ׳: שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., c. 21 t. (v. שְׁבוּת sub שָׁבָה); חִיּוֹן י׳ :שׁ׳: Is 52:8, שׁ׳: c. sf. pers. Ps 85:5; elsewhere only אֶת־גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב וגו׳ :וְשָׁב י׳: Na 2:3, cf. Hiph. 6. † Pō‘l. 1. bring back, Pf. 1 s. וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Je 50:19 (י׳: subj.), Inf. cstr. sf. בְּשׁוֹבְבִי, c. מִן loc. Ez 39:27 and (fig.) לְשׁוֹבֵב, c. אֶל pers. Is 49:5; Impf. 2 ms. תְּשׁוֹבֵב לָנוּ Ps 60:3 = take us back into power. 2. a. fig. restore, refresh, 3 ms. נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֹבֵב Ps 23:3 (י׳: subj.); cf. Hiph. 2 b. b. restore, repair, Pt. מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹח לָשָָׁבֶת Is 58:12. 3. lead away (enticingly), Pf. 1 s. sf. (of Gog), י׳: subj., וְשׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ Ez 38:4 (del. Co), וְשׁ׳: 39:2; so fig. 3 fs. sf. וְדַעְתֵח הִיא שׁוֹבְבָָתֶךְ Is 47:10 (of Bab.);—Je 50:6 v. Qal. 4. shew turning = apostatize (cf. Hiph. 8), Pf. 3 fs. שׁוֹבְבָה Je 8:5 (read שׁוֹבֵב, and del. ירושׁלם, c. LXX).—Vid. also שׁוֹבֵב infra. † Pu‘l. Pt. f. מְשׁוֹבֶ֫בֶת Ez 38:8 a land restored + מִן rei.—Vid. also שׁוֹבָב infra. Hiph.:353 Pf. 3 ms. Gn 41:13 +; sf. וַהֲשִׁיבְֱ 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Dt 28:68; 2 ms. הֱשִׁיבוֹתָ Ps 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Dt 4:39, 30:1, sf. וַהֲשֵׁיבוֹתָם 2 Ch 6:25; 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֹתִי Am 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Nu 22:8 +, sf. וְהוֹשְׁבוֹתִים Zc 10:6 (but rd. וַהֲשִׁבוֹתִים, v. ישׁב Hiph.), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיב Ex 21:34 +, (rd. יָשִׁב Dn 11:18, 11:19 > Qr v:18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Gn 20:14 +; sf. יְשִׁבֵנִי 2 S 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם 2 Ch 19:4 + 1 S 12:8 Vrss We Dr al.; 3 fpl. תָּשֵׁבְנָה Jb 20:10, etc.; Imv. ms. הָשֵׁב Gn 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב 2 K 8:6, הָשַָׁב Is 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Ez 21:30 (v. Ke and still Toy; Ew Sm Krae Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Ju 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב Ex 23:4 +; cstr. הָשִׁיב Gn 42:35 +, etc.; Pt. מֵשִׁיב 20:7 +, etc.;—cause to return, bring back: 1. a. c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Gn 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), 28:15 (J), 42:37 (E), 48:21 (E), +; esp. from exile 1 K 8:34 = 2 Ch 6:25, Je 27:22 + 5 t. Je; + אֶל pers. 1 K 22:26 = 2 Ch 18:25; + עַל loc. Je 16:15, 23:3, 24:6; + ל loc. 12:15; + acc. loc. 2 S 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th We Dr al.), Dt 28:68, Ez 29:14, 47:6, 2 Ch 33:13, etc.; + מִן loc. Je 41:16, Zc 10:10, מֵאֵת pers. Je 41:16, מִן inf. 2 Ch 25:13; acc. pers. only Ju 19:3, 1 K 13:20, 13:23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Je 34:11, 34:16; = allow to return 15:19; acc. pers. + rei (= recover, recapture), 28:6 (+ אֶל loc., מִן loc.); = recover, rescue, Gn 14:16 (acc. pers. + rei), Ps 35:17 (acc. נַפְשִׁי, מִן rei); acc. rei + אֶל pers. Gn 44:8 (J), + עַל pers. Ex 15:9 (song), Pr 20:26; + אֶל loc. 1 K 14:28 = 2 Ch 12:11, Je 28:3, 2 Ch 24:11; acc. of hand, אֶל־פֶּה 1 S 14:27, Pr 19:24, 26:15; esp. of י׳:’s hand, in judgment, sq. עַל Am 1:8, Is 1:25, Zc 13:7, Ps 81:15, also of man’s hand Je 6:9, Ez 38:12; + acc. loc. 2 S 15:25, 15:29; + שָׁם Ne 13:9; acc. rei alone Gn 43:12, 43:21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), 14:16 (= recapture), 1 S 6:21, 30:19, 1 K 13:29 (corpse), Lv 26:26 (H); c. acc. animal. 1 S 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Ez 34:4, 34:16 (fig.); shadow on dial 2 K 20:11 = Is 38:8.—Jb 39:12 v. Qal 3 b. b. put back: acc. rei, stone, עַל־פִּי הַבְּאֵר Gn 29:3 (J), veil עַל־פָּנָיו Ex 34:35 (P), Dagon לִמְקוֹמוֹ 1 S 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Nu 17:25 (P), sword, + אֶל of sheath, 1 Ch 21:27, Ez 21:30 (acc. om); hand אֶל־חֵיק Ex 4:7, 4:7 (J; opp. הוֹחִיא). c. = draw back, hand Gn 38:29 (J), 1 K 13:4 (opp. שָׁלַךְ; + אֶל reflex.), Jos 8:26 (E; opp. נטה), so, fig., י׳: subj. La 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֹר), Ps 74:11; c. מִן = refrain from La 2:8, Ez 18:8, 18:17 (i.e. from oppressing), 20:22 (מִן om.); foot, c. מִן Is 58:13 (fig.); draw in breath Jb 9:18. d. = give back, restore, acc. pers. vel rei: + ל pers. Gn 20:14 (E), v:7 (E; acc. om.), Ex 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Dt 22:1 (id.; both acc. animal.), 24:13 (id.), Ex 22:25 (E), Ju 17:3, 17:3, 17:4, 1 S 12:3, 2 S 9:7, Dt 22:2 (P), Ne 5:11, so 2 S 16:3, 1 K 12:21 = 2 Ch 11:1 (all acc. of kingdom), c. acc. חְדָקָה Jb 33:26; + אֶל pers. Gn 37:22 (E; acc. pers.); + אֶל loc. 42:25 (E); acc. rei only, 2 K 8:6, Ez 18:7 (read Inf. abs. שׁוֹב for חוֹב, Co Toy Krae), 18:12, 33:15, Lv 5:33 (P), Nu 5:7 (P; + בְּראֹשׁוֹ = in full), Ps 69:5 (opp. גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Ju 11:13, 1 K 20:34, Ne 5:12, cf. 2 K 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back 2 K 13:25, 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = 2 Ch 26:2, boundary (i.e. re-establish it) 2 K 14:25; restore ruined city Dn 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֹת), conquered nation Ps 80:4, 80:8, 80:19; joy, acc. + ל pers. Ps 51:14.—2 S 8:3 v. יָד 2.—Acc. pers. only, Gn 20:7 (E), Is 42:22; restore to office, acc. pers. + עַל Gn 40:13, 40:21 (E), אֶל loc. 2 S 19:12, acc. pers. only, 2 S 19:11, 19:13, 19:43, cf. Is 1:26; = pay back money, Lv 25:27 (ל pers.), v:51, v:52. e. = relinquish, c. acc. rei, Jb 20:10. f. = give in payment, requital, c. acc. rei + appos. 1 S 6:8 (ל pers.), v:17 (id.; cf. טְחוֹד); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), acc. rei 2 K 17:3, Ps 72:10, + ל pers. 2 K 3:4, 2 Ch 27:5; give in exchange Ez 27:15. g. bring one back (from dead) 2 S 12:23, so c. מִנִּי Jb 33:20; on other hand, אֶל־עָפָר Jb 10:9 = מָוֶת (acc.) 30:23, cf. עַד־דַּכָּא Ps 90:3. † 2. a. bring back heart, לֵב, עַל pers. Mal 3:24; אֵלֶיךָ הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י׳: La 5:21 (< Bu retore, del. אליד); הֵשִׁיב אֶל־י׳: Ne 9:26 (cf. v:29), 2 Ch 19:4, 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Je 23:22, abs. 31:18. b. acc. נֶפֶשׁ = refresh La 1:11, 1:16, 1:19, Ps 19:8, Pr 25:13, Ru 4:15. 3. bring back words of people, אֶל־י׳: Ex 19:8 (E); then, in gen., bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + acc. pers. Gn 37:14, Nu 13:26, 22:8 (all E), Dt 1:22, 1:25, Jos 14:7 (R:D), 22:32 (P), + 8 t; = answer 1 S 17:30, 2 S 3:11, 1 K 12:6 = 2 Ch 10:6 + 6 t., + (acc. מִלִּין) Jb 35:4; also (דָּבָר om.) Jb 13:22, 20:2, 33:5, 33:32, 2 Ch 10:16, Ne 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); acc. אֲמָרִים + ל pers. Ju 5:29, Pr 22:21; later c. ל pers. alone 1 S 12:3; c. cl. orat. recta, אֶל pers. Est 4:13, 4:15; similar phrases, Ez 9:11, Pr 18:13, 24:26, 26:16, Hb 2:1, Jb 31:14, 32:14 (Gi v:15), 40:4. 4. a. bring back (in retribution, cf. Qal 7 f) upon, subj. oft. י׳:, acc. of evil, Ju 9:56, בְּראֹשׁ Ju 9:5, 1 S 25:39, 1 K 2:44, Jo 4:4, 3:7, עַל־ראֹשׁ 1 K 2:32, אֶל־ראֹשׁ Ne 3:36; ל pers. Gn 50:15 (E), 1 S 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v:4, 25:31 (return evil for good), +, etc.; abs. = make requital, ל pers. 2 Ch 6:23 + (כ comp.) Ho 12:3, Pr 24:12, 24:29; † c. acc. of good, ל pers. 2 S 16:12, 26:23, Zc 9:12; c. כ comp. + ל pers. Ps 18:21, 18:25 = 2 S 22:21, 22:25, and (כ comp. only) 2 Ch 32:25; requite י׳:’s benefits, acc. rei + לי׳: Ps 116:12, cf. Nu 18:9 (P). b. pay as recompense, לִבְעָלָיו כֶּסֶף יָשׁ׳: Ex 21:34 (E); so (fig.) of י׳:, ננָקָם לְ הֵשׁ׳: Dt 32:41, 32:43, בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ לְהָשׁ׳: Is 66:15. 5. turn back, backward = repel, defeat, c. אֶת־פְּנֵי 2 K 18:24 = Is 36:9, acc. מִלְחָמָה Is 28:6, acc. of sword Ps 89:44, acc. pers. + אָחוֹר Ps 44:11 (+ מִנִּי pers.), Is 44:25 (fig., = refute, confute), fig. of calamity La 1:13; = repulse, hinder Je 2:24, esp. acc. Is 14:27 (יַד־י׳:), cf. 43:13, Jb 9:12, 11:10, 23:13; = reject, refuse, פְּנֵי פ׳:(אֶת־) 1 K 2:16, 2:17, 2:20, 2:20, 2 Ch 6:42, Ps 132:10. † 6. a. turn away face, fig., + מֵעַל rei Ez 14:6; acc. pers. + מִן Mal 2:6; anger of י׳: (acc.) + מֵעַל pers. Nu 25:11 (P), Pr 24:18, מִן pers. Je 18:20, Ezr 10:14; acc. only, Jb 9:13, Ps 78:38, 106:23; acc. of human anger Pr 15:1, 29:8. b. late, turn toward, acc. face, ל loc. Dn 11:18, 11:19, acc. foot, אֶל rei Ps 119:59 (fig.). † 7. turn against, אֶל־אֵל, c. acc. רוּחֶָךָ Jb 15:43. 8. אֶל־לֵבָב הֵשׁ׳: bring back to mind, take into consideration, c. acc. La 3:21, sq. cl. with כִּי Dt 4:39 (cf. Dr), obj. om. 30:1, 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Is 44:19, + (עַל) 46:8. 9. הֵשִׁיב אֶת־שְׁבוּת פ׳: Je 32:44, 33:7, 33:11, 49:6, La 2:14, Ez 39:25 + (Qr Hiph., Kt Qal) Je 33:26, 46:39, Jo 4:1 (v. Qal 9). †
10. Hiph. declar., מֵעַל הָשׁ׳: Ez 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (i.e. turn away), cf. (מִן) 18:30, abs. וִחְיוּ הָשׁ׳: v:32; of י׳:, מֵחֲרוֹן השׁ׳: אַפֶָּךָ Ps 85:4 (but rd. prob. הֲשִׁיבוֹתה חֲרוֹן א׳: [6 a supra]); perhaps in physical sense Jon 1:13 (אֶל loc.; We Now sc. אֳנִיָּה, etc.). †
11. reverse, revoke, acc. (sf.) rei, i.e. judgment, Am 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, 1:11, 1:13, 2:1, 2:4, 2:6; blessing Nu 23:20 (poem in E), edict Est 8:5, 8:8. † Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּשַׁב Gn 42:28 my money has been returned! cf. Pt. הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב 43:12 (both J); לי׳ :הַמּ׳: Nu 5:8 (P) the אָשָׁם which is restored to י׳:; pl. מוּשָׁבִים Je 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, c. מִן loc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיוּשַׁב אֶת־משֶׁה Ex 10:8 (J; cf. Ges:§ 121 a, b) Moses was brought back, c. אֶל pers.
† שׁוּבָה n.f. retirement, withdrawal (from war, etc., cf. Mi 2:8);—Is 30:15.
† II. [שִׁיבָה] cstr. שִׁיבַת restoration (?) Ps 126:1, but read שְׁבִית, v. sub שָׁבָה.—I. שַׁיבָה v. ישׁב. p. 444, 986
† I. שׁוֹבָב adj. backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹבָב, Pt. Pō‘l. Ol:§ 251 b Ges:§ 52 s Kö:i. 454);—שׁ׳: Is 57:17; pl. שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים Je 3:14, 3:22.—שׁובבים Je 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֹבְבוּם LXX Comm., cf. √ Pō‘l. p. 998
† II. שׁוֹבָב n.pr.m. Σωβαβ, etc.:
1. son of David 2 S 5:14 = 1 Ch 14:4, 1 Ch 3:5.
2. son of Caleb 1 Ch 2:18.
† שׁוֹבֵב adj. backturning, apostate (perh. for מְשׁוֹ׳:, v. I. שׁוֹבָב);—as subst., לְשׁו׳: Mi 2:4 (but read prob. שׁוֹבֵינוּ our captors); f. הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה Je 31:22 (of Israel), 49:4 (of Ammon).
† יָשׁוּב n.pr.m. usu. Ιασουβ;—
1. in Issachar Nu 26:24 (P) 1 Ch 7:1 Qr (Kt ישיב).
2. one with foreign wife Ezr 10:29.—Is 7:3 v. שַׁאָר יָשׁוּב. p. 984
† יָשֻׁבִי adj. gent. of foregoing 1; c. art. as subst. coll. הַי׳: Nu 26:24.
† יָשֻׁ֫בִי לָָחֶם n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:22; LXXL ἐπέστρεψαν ἑαυτοῖς Αεεμ.
† יָֽשָׁבְעָם n.pr.m. a hero of David;—1 Ch 11:11, 12:6, 27:2 (ישֵׁב בַּשֶּׁבֶת, q. v. p. 444 supra, in 2 S 23:8, v. Dr); Ιεσεβαδα, Ιεσσεβααλ, Ισβααμ, etc.; rd. in all אִשְׁבַּעַל We al.
† י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד n.pr.m. son of Zerubbabel, 1 Ch 3:20; Αροβασουκ, LXXL Ιωσαβεε.
† [מְשׁוּבָה], מְשֻׁבָה n.f. turning back, apostasy;—abs. מְשֻׁבָה Je 3:6 +; cstr. מְשׁוּבַת Pr 1:32; sf. מְשׁוּבָתָם Ho 14:5; pl. sf. מְשׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם Je 3:22, etc.;—backturning, apostasy, of Isr., Ho 14:5, מְשׁוּבָתִי 11:7 apostasy from me (si vera l.); of Judah Je 2:19; 3:22, 5:6, 8:5, 14:7 (all pl.) + Ez not found37:33 (read מְשׁוּבֹתֵיהֶם for מוֹשְׁ׳:, LXX Comm.); נִחַחַת מ׳: Je 8:5 enduring, perpetual apostasy; also as n. concr., appos. of foll. word, מְשֻׁבָה יִשׂ׳: Je 3:6, 3:8, 3:11, 3:12 apostate one, Israel. Of individual, מְשׁוּבַת פְּתָיִם Pr 1:32.
† מְשׁוֹבָב n.pr.m. in Simeon, 1 Ch 4:34; Μοσωβαβ, LXXL ἐπιστρέφων.
† [תְּשׁוּבָה] n.f. return, answer;—
1. sf. וּתְשֻׁבָתוֹ הָרָמָ֫תָה 1 S 7:17 and his return was (= he returned) to Rama.
2. esp. cstr. לִתְשׁוּבַת הַשָּׁנָה at the return of the year, i.e. of spring, 2 S 11:1, 1 K 20:22, 20:26, 2 Ch 36:10, הַשּׁ׳ :לְעֵת תְּשׁ׳: 1 Ch 20:1 (‖ 2 S 11:1).
3. answer, pl. abs. תְּשֻׁבֹת Jb 34:36, sf. תְּשׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם 21:34.
שׁוּבָאֵל v. שְׁבוּאֵל (cf. Sab. n. pr. תַובאל Os:ZMG xix (1865), 198 n. Hal:485 DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16).
† שׁוֹבַךְ n. pr. m. Aramaean general, 2 S 10:16, 10:18 (Σωβακ, LXXL Σαβεε), = שׁוֹפַח 1 Ch 19:16, 19:18 (Σωφαρ, Σαφαθ; A Σωφαχ, Σωβαχ, LXXL Σωφακ).
שׁוֹבָל n. pr. v. שׁבל. p. 987
שׁוֹבָק, שׁוֹבֵא n.pr. v. שׁבק. p. 990
שׁוג (√ of following; ‖ form of שׁגג, שׁגה).
† [מְשׁוּגָה] n.f. error;—sf. מְשׁוּגָתִי Jb 19:4 (? rd. מְשֻׁגָּתִי).
שׁוֹד Jb 5:21 van d. H., for I. שֹׁד q.v. sub שׁדד. p. 994
[שׁוּד] vb., יָשׁוּד Ps 91:6 v. שׁדד. p. 994
† I. שָׁוָה vb. (be even, smooth, v. Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble (Ar. سوي II. make even, flat, uniform (with something else); Aram. שְׁוָא (der. spec.) be like, ܫܘܳܐ be equal, fit, like, Pa.lay out smoothly, Aph. make plain, fit, worthy);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. לִי לאֹ שׁ׳: Jb 33:27 (si vera l.) it was not equalled to me, i.e. (v. infra; acc. to most) not requited (so De Di Da, and Is 16:6 Targum); Bu אֵל לאֹ שִׁוָּה God did not requite (or שִׁלֵּם for שׁוה); Du לאֹ שִׁוָּה כַעֲוֹנִי (cf. LXX); Impf. 1 s. of י׳:, אֶשְׁוֶה אֶל־מִי: Is 40:25 to whom shall I be like ? (‖תְּדַמְּיוּנִי ), implying that he is incomp.; 3 mpl. לאֹ יִשְׁווּ־בָהּ Pr 3:15 are not comparable with her (wisdom), so 8:11; 2 ms. פֶּן־תִּשְׁוֶה־לוֹ Pr 26:4 lest thou be like him (a fool); Pt. שֹׁוֶה בְּ Est 7:4 is not an equivalent for; c. לִ, suitable for 3:8, so 1:22 Hi Or Ry:Kau (rdg. כֹּל שֹׁוֶה עִמּוֹ for כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ, but v. Siegf.); adequate for 5:13. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁוָּה Is 28:25 he hath levelled its (the ground’s) surface; 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַמְתִּי נַפְשִׁי Ps 131:2 I have smoothed (composed) and stilled my soul; so, sc. נַפְשִׁי Is 38:13 Vulgate Ges De al.; Houb Lo Che Du al. read שִׁוַּעְתִּי I cried; acc. מִשְׁפָּטִים 119:30 accounted suitable, meet (‖דֶּרֶךְ אֱמוּנָח בָּחָָרְתִּי ), Hi, cf. Gr v:128 (v. Qal Est 3:8); We ins. לְנֶגְדִּי (II. שׁ׳:, cf. Ps 16:8); Zenner Du אִזִּיתִי. Hiph. make like: Impf. 1 S. מָךְ אַשְׁוֶח־לָךְ La 2:13 (‖אֲדַמֶּה ); 2 mpl. לְמִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְתַשְׁווּ Is 46:5 (cf. Qal 40:25). Nithp. (appar.) Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁתָָּוָה (for נִשְׁתְּוָה) Pr 27:15 are alike, but read prob. Niph. 3 fs. נִשְׁוָ֑תָה Ges:§ 75 x Toy al.—תשׁוה Jb 30:22 Kt v. II. שׁוא.
† I. שָׁוֵה n.[m.] level plain;—in שָׁוֵה קִרְיָתַיִם Gn 14:5 (v. ק׳: p. 900:a; ק׳: appos. acc. to Ol:§ 277 c Lag:BN 43; ? rd. שְׁוֵּה); Σαυη.
† II. שָׁוֵה in n.pr.loc. עֵמֶק שׁ׳: Gn 14:17 (v. ע׳:); Σαυη.
† יִשְׁוָה n.pr.m. in Asher, Gn 46:17 = 1 Ch 7:30; Ιεσσαι, Ισουα, Ιεσους, etc.
† I. יִשְׁוִי n.pr.m. 1. in Asher, Gn 46:17 = 1 Ch 7:30, Nu 26:44; Ιεουλ, Ιουλ, Ισουι, Ιεσου, etc. 2. a son of Saul 1 S 14:49; Ιεσσιου(λ), but read אישׁבעל as 1 Ch 8:33, 9:39 (v. אִישׁ־כּשֶׁת p. 36:a), cf. We Dr al.
† II. יִשְׁוִי adj.gent. of foregoing 1; c. art. as n. coll. הַיִּ׳:, Nu 26:44.
† II. [שָׁוָה] vb. Pi. set, place (B Aram. Hithpa. Targum שְׁוָא Pa. set, make (oft. Targum = שׁום, שׁית); Thes al. sub I. שׁ׳:, orig. set, place, then set together, compare, < weakened fr. orig. make even, right, cf. Vulg. Ar. سَوَي II. make (Wahrm, cf. also Ba:ES 66));—Pf. 1 S. שִׁוִּיתִי Ps 16:8 I have set י׳: before me (לְנֶגְּדִּי); עֵזֶר עַל שׁ׳: 89:20 I have placed strength upon a hero, cf. 21:6; Pt. מְשַׁוֶּח רַנְלַי כְּ 2 S 22:34 setting my feet like hinds = Ps 18:34 (cf. Targum שַׁוִּי בְּ Gn 48:20, Je 29:22, for שׂים בְּ);—Is 38:13 v. I. שׁוה;—Impf. = make, produce, 3 ms. פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה לוֹ Ho 10:1 (Israel as vine), si vera l., v. We Now (‖עשׂת פְּרִי Ho 9:16, cf. 8:7).
† [שׁוּחַ] vb. sink down (Buhl disting. this as II. שׁ׳: (Ar. سَاخَ (و) sink down, MI:9, MI:23 אשוח prob. depression, excavation, reservoir, so אשיךְ Ecclus 50:3), and hence שָׁ֫חָה Pr 2:18, si vera l., and foll. deriv., from I. שׁ׳: melt away Ar. سَاحَ (ي) flow and spread, melt away, Eth. seh.a: cause to dwindle, sih.: phthisis, Aram. שׁוּחַ, ܫܐܚ flow or melt away, vanish), whence La 3:20, Ps 44:26; but insuff. evidence for I. שׁ׳: in Heb.);—sink down, Qal Pf. 3 fs. שָׁ֫חָה לֶעָפָר נַפְשֵׁנוּ Ps 44:26 (‖דָּֽבְקָה לָאָרֶץ ); אֶל־מָוֶת בֵּיתָהּ שׁ׳: Pr 2:18 (‖אֶל־רְפָאִים ; but ב׳: masc., rd. שָׁחָה, √ שׁחה, Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 82, so Toy); Impf. 3 fs. תָּשׁוּחַ עָלַי נַפְשִׁי La 3:20 Qr, Hiph. declar. תָּשִׁיחַ Kt, of depression of mind.—Ps 49:15 Gr rds. שָׁחוּ for MT שַׁתּוּ but v. שׁתת.—Hithp. Ps 42, 43 v. שׁחח. p. 1006, 1060
† שׁוּחָה n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳: Je 2:6 land of steppe and pits (coll.); fig., לי כָּרָה שׁ׳: Je 18:20, so v:22 (Qr); עֲמֻקָּה Pr 23:27 deep pit (in fig. of harlot), cf. 22:14.
† שִׁיחָה n.f. id.;—ברה שִׁ׳: Je 18:22 Kt (Qr שׁוּחָה), Ps 57:7; pl. שִׁיחוֹת כ׳: 119:85.
† שַׁ֫חַת n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳: Ps 7:16 +; שָָׁחַת 16:10 +; cstr. שַׁ֫תַת Is 38:17, Ps 35:7; sf. שַׁחְתָּם Ez 19:4, 19:8 (+ שַׁחְתֹּה Ps 35:8 b We);—
1. pit, for catching lion (in fig.) Ez 19:4, 19:8; fig. פעל שׁ׳: Ps 7:16; c. עשׂה 9:16; c. חפר 35:7 (trasnp. שׁ׳: to v:b); c. ברת 94:13, Pr 26:27; + Ps 35:8 b SyrVer We (for שׁוֹאֶה); טָבַל בּשׁ׳: Jb 9:31.
2. pit of Shₑ’ôl, ירר שׁ׳: Jb 33:24; שׁ׳:(ה)ראה Ps 16:10 (‖שִׁאוֹל ), 49:10; לשׁ׳:, c. הוֹרִיד Ez 28:8, and Ps 55:24 (לִבְאֵר שׁ׳:); קָרֵב Jb 33:22; יָמוּת Is 51:14; עָבַר בֵשּׁ׳: Jb 33:28; יָרַד אֶל־שׁ׳: Ps 30:10; מִשּׁ׳:, c. חשׁק Is 38:17 (poem), c. חשׂח Jb 33:18 (מִנִּי־); c. העלה Jon 2:7; c. הֵשִׁיב Jb 33:30 (מִנִּי־); c. נאל Ps 103:4; personif. Jb 17:14 (‖רִמָּה ).—שׁ׳: here either = שְׁאוֹל (hollow place, cavern), or < = pit in שְׁאוֹל (cf., from Ezek. on, בּוֹר 5; also אֲבַדּוֹן, p. 2, and עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל Pr 9:18. This distinction of two parts of שְׁאוֹל became important in Jewish and Christian theology).
† שׁוּחַ n.pr.m. son of Abr. and Ḳeturah, Gn 25:2, 1 Ch 1:32; Σωυε, Σωε, Σουε.—In As. Šuḫi is named as Aramaean land on Euphr. (left bank Tiele:Gesch. 153 < right bank, cf. esp. Schr:KG 142 f.; it had, however, dependencies on left bank) by TP I. (KB:i. 33), Ašurnaṣirp. (Id.:ib. 99, 101).
† II. שׁוּחָה n.pr. ‘son’ of חוּר, 1 Ch 4:11 (Ασχα, Σουα), = חוּשָׁה v:4 (Ωσαν, Ουσα), v. ח׳:.
† שׁוּחִי, שֻׁחִי adj.gent. of שׁוּחַ (Hilpr:Asayriaca i (1894), 56 cp. As.:m Su-ḫa-ai);—בִּלְדַּד הַשּׁו׳: Jb 2:11, 8:1, 42:9; הַשּׁ׳: 18:1, 25:1; ὁ Σαυχ(ε)ιτης, (Σαυχαιων).
† שׁוּחָם n.pr.m. in Dan, Nu 26:42, Σαμ(ε)ι, Σαμε; = II. חוּשִׁים, חֻשִׁים Gn 46:23, Ασομ.
† שׁוּחָמִי adj.gent. of foregoing; c. art. הַשּׁ׳: as n. coll. Nu 26:42.
[יְשׁוֹחָיָה] n.pr.m. v. sub שׁחח. p. 1006
† I. שׁוּט vb. go or rove about (NH Aram. שׁוּט rove, row (Jon 1:13), swim (Is 25:11), stroke, besmear; v. also שׁוֹט);—Qal go or rove about: Pf. 3 pl., abs. שָׁטוּ הָעָם Nu 11:8 (J; gathering manna), so, c. ב loc., Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּשֻׁטוּ 2 S 24:8, Imv. ms. שׁוּט־נָא v:2, Inf. cstr. שׁוּט Jb 1:7, שֻׁט 2:2 (both ‖הִתְהַלֵח ), perhaps also Gn 24:63 (לָשׁוּט for לָשׁוּךְַ, so SyrVer Thes:1322 cf. Di Gunk Dr); Je 8:6 Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב.—Pt. שָׁטִים v. שׁוּט denom. infr. Pō‘l. go eagerly, quickly, to and fro: Impf. 3 ms. יְשׁוֹטְטוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ Am 8:12 (‖וְנָעוּ ); abs. יְשֹׁטְטוּ Dn 12:4; c. ב loc., Imv. mpl. שׁוֹטְטוּ Je 5:1, Pt. pl. מְשׁוֹטְטִים Zc 4:10, מְשֹׁטְטוֹת 2 Ch 16:9 (both of עְינֵי י׳:). Hithpō‘l. Imv. fpl., ב loc., הִתְשׁוֹטַטְנָת Je 49:3 run to and fro.
† שׁוֹט n.m.:Is 28:15 scourge, whip (NH id., so Ar. سَوْطُ, سَاطَ mix, stir about and beat; Eth. و Aram. שׁוֹטֶא, sawt’:; from foregoing? cf. Germ. streifen; or onomat., cf. swish, switch?);—שׁ׳: abs. Is 10:26 +, cstr. Jb 5:21; pl. שׁוֹטִים 1 K 12:11 +;—
1. scourge, for chastisement, 1 K 12:11, 12:14 = 2 Ch 10:11, 10:12 (all c. vb. יִסַּר); fig. of national scourge (wielded by י׳:) Is 10:26, 28:15 (Qr; > Kt שׁיט), v:18 (both שׁוֹטֵף שׁ׳:, v. שׁטף), calamity Jb 9:23; lash of (accusing) tongue Jb 5:21 (rd. מִשּׁ׳: as LXX).
2. whip, for horse, קוֹל שׁ׳: Na 3:2 i.e. crack of whip, לַסּוּם שׁ׳: Pr 26:3 (‖שֵׁבֶט לְגֵו כְּ סִילִים ).
† שֹׁטֵט n.[m.] scourge;—abs. בְּחִדֵּיבֶם שׁ׳: Jos 23:13 (D; national scourge; < rd. שׁוֹטִים).
† שַׁ֫יִט n.[m.] rowing (as whipping, lashing the water);—only אֳנִי־שׁ׳: Is 33:21 rowing vessel;—28:15 Kt v. שׁוֹט. above
† [שׁוּט] vb. denom. row;—Pt. pl. שָׁטִים rowers Ez 27:8, 27:26 (of Tyre as ship).
† מָשׁוֹט n.[m.] oar;—תֹּפְשֵׂי מ׳: Ez 27:29.
† [מָשׁוֹט] n.[m.] id.; pl. sf. מִשּׁוֹטַ֫יִךְ Ez 27:6 (Kö:ii. 153, cf. Ges:§ 72 e), made of oak-trees.
† II. [שׁוּט] vb. treat with despite, only Ezek. (Aram. שׁוּט, ܫܽܘܛܳܐ despise; cf. perhaps As. šâṭu, rebel, Meissn);—only Qal Pt., c. acc. pers.: mpl. (subst.) הַשָּׁאטִים אוֹתָם Ez 28:24, 28:26 (Kö:ii. 1. 108, 346 Ges:§ 72 p); fpl. בְּנוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים הַשָּׁאטוֹת אוֹתָךְ 16:57 (Kö:ib. 189).
† שְׁאָט n.[m.] despite, contempt (expanded fr. שׁוּט supr., Kö:i. 439; ii. 1. 486);—abs. בִּשׁ׳: בְּנֶפֶשׁ Ez 25:15 with despite in the soul; cstr. בִּשׁ׳: נֶפֶשׁ 36:5; sf. בְּכָל־שָֽׁאטְךָ בְּנ׳: 25:6 (Ges:§ 23 c Kö:ii. 1. 67).
שׁול (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. شْط hang down loose).
† [שׁוּל] n.m.:Is 6:1 skirt, of robe;—pl. cstr. שׁוּלֵי Ex 28:34 +; sf. שׁוּלַיִח Na 3:5 +, שׁוּלָיו Is 6:1 +, שׁוּלֶיהָ La 1:9;—skirts; of י׳:’s train, in vision Is 6:1; elsewh. of city personif. as woman, in phrase of ignominy, חָשַׂפְתִּי שׁוּלַיִח Je 13:26, עַל־פָּנַיִח גִּלֵּתִי שׁ׳: Na 3:5, ונו׳ :נִגְּלוּ שׁ׳: Je 13:22; of defilement, טֻמְאָתָהּ בְּשׁ׳: La 1:9; of high priest’s robe Ex 28:33, 28:33, 28:34 = 39:24, 39:25, 39:26 (all P).
שׁוֹלָל v. שׁלל. p. 1021
† שׁוּלַמִּית usually expl. as adj.gent. f. Shulammite;—c. art. as n. הַשּׁ׳: heroine of Song of Songs Ct 7:1, 7:1; = Shunammite (from שׁוּנֵם, mod. Sulem), B Σουμανεῖτις; but א A Σουλαμιτις; ? cp. Nab. n.pr.f. שלימת = سَوِلَ, سَلِيمَةُ Lzb:376.
† [שׁוּם] n.[m.] garlic;—pl. שׁוּמִים Nu 11:5 (J) (allium sativum, Linn, Thes Löw:No. 336 Post:Hast. DB ii. 110 Tristr:NHB 448 (or allium Ascalonicum, cf. Buhl, after Tristr:FFP 430; v. this and Post:Flora 789 for many kinds of allium); Ar. سُلَيْمَةُ, Aram. תּוּמָא, ܬܽܘܡܳܐ, As. šûmu).
שֻׁמָתִי v. שֻׁמָה infra. p. 1029
† שׁוּנִי
1. n.pr.m. in Gad, Gn 46:16, Nu 26:15; Σαυν(ε)ις, Σουνει, Σωυνι.
2. adj.gent. of 1, c. art. = n. coll. Nu 26:15.
† שׁוּנֵם n.pr.loc. in Issachar;—Jos 19:18 (P), 1 S 28:4, 2 K 4:8; Σουναν[μ], Σωμαν, Σουμαν, LXXL Jos Συνημ; in Egypt. Ša-n-m-â, Ša-na-ma<~?~>WAITING FOR PRADIS ENTITY TO REPLACE (UNDERCIRCLE) WMM:As. u. Eur. 170; mod. Sûlem, N. of Zer‘în (Jezreel), Buhl:G 217, cf. GASm:G 400 ff..
† שׁוּנַמִּית adj. gent. f. of foregoing:
1. אֲבִישַׁג הַשּׁ׳: 1 K 1:3, 1:15, 2:17, 2:21 (הַשֻּׁ׳:), v:22 (id.).
2. הַשּׁ׳: 2 K 4:12, 4:25, 4:36.
† [שָׁוַע] vb. Pi. cry out for help (Gerb:33 thinks denom. from שֵׁוְעָה, and this from √ akin to ישׁע deliver);—Pf. 1 S. שִׁוַּעְתִּי Ps 30:3 + 3 t.; Impf. 3 fs. תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Jb 24:12; 2 ms. תְּשַׁוַּע Is 58:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. שַׁוְּעִי Ps 28:2, 31:23; שַׁוְעִי 5:3 (Ol:§ 182 d), etc.; Pt. מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ 72:12, Jb 29:12;—cry for help: abs. Ps 72:12, Jb 19:7, 24:12, 29:12, 30:28, 35:9, + Is 38:13 Houb Lo Che Du al. (for שִׁוִּיתִי); specif. to God Ps 5:3, 18:42, 119:147, Jb 36:13, Is 58:9, Jon 2:3, Hb 1:2, La 3:8; c. אל Ps 18:7, 22:25, 28:2 = 31:23, 30:3, 88:14 + v:2 (rd. with Weir אֱלֽהַי שִׁוַּעְתִּי יוֹם חַעֲקָתִי), Jb 30:20, 38:41.
† I. שׁוּעַ, [שֶׁוַע?] n.m. cry for help;—לֶהֶן שׁ׳: Jb 30:24 (Bi Di Bu Du לאֹ יְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ); שׁוּעֲךָ 36:19 (Bu Buhl שַׁוְעֲךָ, Du שִׂיחֲךָ).—I. שׁוּעַ v. p. 447:b.
† II. שׁוֹעַ n.[m.] cry, perhaps war-cry, or cry for help in war Is 22:5.—I. שׁוֹעֵ v. ישׁע.
† [שַׁוְעָה] n.f. cry for help;—cstr. שַׁוְעַת 1 S 5:12, Je 8:19; sf. שַׁוְעָתִי 2 S 22:7 = Ps 18:7, Ps 39:13, 40:2, 102:2, La 3:56 (gloss on רוחתי Ew al.); שַׁוְעָתָם Ex 2:23 (P), Ps 34:16, 145:19.
I. שׁוֹעַ, I. II. שׁוּעַ, שׁוּעָא v. p. 447:b supra.
† III. שׁוֹעַ n.pr.gent. Ez 23:23 usu. identified with As. Sutû, Sutî, nomads of Mesop. and (later) E. of Tigris, Dl:Pa 234 ff. COT:ad loc. Wkl:KAT 3. 22 Dt:Hast. DB KOA.
† [שׁוּף] vb. bruise (NH id., Aram. שׁוּף, שְׁפַף, ܫܳܩ rub off, away, grind (Ex 32:20 Targum Vulgate for טָחַן); v. esp. Dr:Gn; > Di al. think ‖ form of I. שׁאף);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. + 2 ms. הוּא יְשׁוּפְךָ ראֹשׁ וְּאַתָּה תְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ עָקֵב Gn 3:15; אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׂעָרָה יְשׁוּפֵנִי Jb 9:17; אַךְ השֶׁךְ יְשׁוּפֵנִי Ps 139:11 mng. unsuitable, read perh. c. Ew al. יְשׂוּבֵּנִי cover, screen, me.
שׁוֹפַךְ v. שׁוֹבַךְ. שׁוּפָמִי v. שְׁפוּפָם sub שׁפף. p. 1000, 1051
I. שׁוּק (√ of foll., meaning dub.; Ar. سَاقَ is drive beast etc., carry on affairs; Eth. soqa: sustain; cf. Ar. سَاقُ leg, esp. shank, Aram. שׁוֹקָא leg (rare), ܫܳܩܳܐ leg, thigh; connexion dub. with As. suḳu, street, Aram. שׁוּקָא, ܫܽܘܩܳܐ, street, market-place (whence Ar. سُوقُ loan-word acc. to Frä:187; but then س = שׁ?), Palm. שוק id., Lzb:373).
שׁוֹק:19 n. [f.:Lv 7:33 cf. Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 76 f., so Ar., v. Lane W:AG. § 290 (δ)] leg;—שׁ׳: abs. 1 S 9:24 +, cstr. Ex 29:27 +; du. שֹׁקַיִם Dt 28:35 Pr 26:7, cstr. שׁוֹקֵי Ps 147:10, sf. שׁוֹקָיו Ct 5:15;—leg:
1. of man, specif. lower leg, calf, disting. from thigh, in עֵל־יָרֵח וַיַּח אוֹתָם שׁ׳: Ju 15:8 he smote them, leg upon thigh, i.e. utterly (cf. GFM), Dt 28:35 (‖כָּל־בִּרְכַּיִםם ), Pr 26:7, Ps 147:10, Ct 5:15; of woman (city personif.) Is 47:2.
2. of sacrificial animal, specif. upper leg, thigh, hind leg, portion eaten 1 S 9:24 (cf. Klein:ZPV vi (1883), 98, cited also by Nes:Marg. 13), הַיָּמִין שׁ׳: right thigh Ex 29:32 + 6 t. P (v. יָמִין), הַתְּדוּמָה שׁ׳: Lv 7:34 + 4 t. P, thigh of contribution (v. ת׳: p. 929).—LXX βραχίων, Vulgate armus, hence AV al. shoulder, but v. Di Baen Dr:Dt 18:3.
† שׁוּק n.m. street (Aram.; v. √);—שׁ׳: Pr 7:8, Ec 12:4, 12:5; pl. שְׁוָּקִים Ct 3:2.
† II. [שׁוּק ] vb. prob. be abundant (As. šûḳu, abundance);—Pō‘l. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַתְּשֹׁקֶקֶהָ Ps 65:10 thou (י׳:) hast visited the earth and given it abundance (Hup Che al.; > Vrss thought of הִשְׁקָה irrigate, so Bae EV). Hiph. pf. consec. וְהֵשִׁיקוּ הַיְקָבִים תִּירוֹשׁ Jo 2:24 the vats overflow with must, so (acc. om.) 4:13.
III. שׁוק (√ of foll.; Ba:ES 46 cp. Ar. شَاقَ attract, impel, of desire, affection, شَوْقُ desire, but ش = שׁ is doubtful; perhaps therefore (cf. Buhl) cp. سَاقَ drive, v. I. שׁוק; or rd. תְּשׂוּקָה; on NH שׁוק, השׁתוקק, v. Nes:ZAW xxiv (1904), 312 ff.).
† [תְּשׁוּקָה] n.f. longing;—of woman for man, אֶל־אִישֵׁח תְּשׁוּקָתֵח Gn 3:16 (J); of man for woman, אֲנִי לְדוֹדִי וְאֵלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ Ct 7:11; of beast to devour, fig. אֵלֶיךָ תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ Gn 4:7 (J). (LXX ἀποστροφή Gn, ἐπιστροφή Ct, whence Nes:Marg. 6 prop. תְּשׁוּבָתֵח Gn 3:16, which Ball:Hpt reads in all; but how explain the unusual and striking word in MT?).
† I. [שׁוּר] vb. perh. travel, journey (As. šâru, pass along, take one’s way, Ar. سَارَ (ي) go, pass along, journey, سَيَّارَةُ caravan, Palm. שירתא Lzb:375 SAC:113 Cooke:271, Syr. ܫܝܳܪܬܳܐ (? Ar. loan-wd., Frä:180));—Qal Impf. 2 fs. וַתָּשֻׁרִי לַמֶּלֶח בַּשֶּׁמֶן Is 57:9 and thou (the apostate faction) didst journey to (the god) Melek with (thine) oil, i.e. bring, offer it (Che Marti read וַתָּסֻכִי). Pt. fpl. שָׁרוֹתַיִח Ez 27:25 ships of Tarshish were thy travellers (i.e. traders), but improbable; Krae שָׁרוֹת לָח בְּ journey for thee with thy wares; Toy רֹכְלַיִח בְּ; Co שֵֽׁרְתוּח served thee.
† תְּשׁוּרָה n.f. gift, present (?) (fr. above √ = thing brought, offered ? very dubious);—ת׳: 1 S 9:7 (meaning inferred from context).
† II. [שׁוּר] vb. behold, regard (esp. Jb);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּר Je 5:26, sf. יְשׁוּרֶנּוּ Jb 34:29, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּר Jb 35:5;—
1. behold, c. acc. pers. Nu 23:9, 24:17 (poems in JE, ‖רָאָה ), לאֹ תְּשׁוּרֵנִי, subj. eye, Jb 24:15, and (= I shall not exist) 7:8, cf. 20:9 (subj. מְקוֹמוֹ), 17:15; God object 34:29, 35:14; look, gaze, abs., מִן loc. Ct 4:8.
2. regard with watchful care (subj. י׳:) Ho 14:9; so, = notice, Jb 35:13; regard, observe, acc. rei, God’s word Jb 33:14 (Hi De Da al.), so, (reading 2 ms.), Siegf Bu; Du יְשִׁיבֶנּוּ he (God) retracts it not.
3. watch stealthily, lie in wait, בְּנָמֵר עַל־דֶּרֶךְ אָשׁוּר Ho 13:7 (subj. י׳:; Meinh Marti אֶשְׁקֹד; LXX SyrVer Vulgate We Now al. אַשּׁוּר), Je 5:26 (subj. wicked).—Jb 33:27 v. שׁיר.
† I. [שׁוּר] dub. word, only pl. sf. וַתַּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּשׁוּרָֽי Ps 92:12, read בְּשׁוֹרְרָֽי (Bae al.) v. foll.
† [שׁוֹרֵר] n.m. (insidious) watcher, (prop. Pō‘l. Pt., מְ׳: om., Ges:§ 52 s);—pl. sf. שׁוֹרְרַי Ps 56:3, שׁוֹרְרָָי 5:9, 27:11, שֹׁרְרָָי 54:7, 59:11; 92:12 v. foregoing.
III. שׁור (√ of foll.; Ar. شَارَ is become raised, excited, leap, spring; NH שׁוֹר = BH, = Sab. (ן)תַור SabDenkm:No. 12, 1. 3 DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 329; Ar. شَوْرُ, Aram. תּוֹרָא, ܬܽܘܪܳܐ; Nab. תורא as n.pr.m. Lzb:384 (Gk. ταῦρος, Lat. taurus, Eng. steer); As. šûru, Eth. s0r:).
שׁוֹר:78 n.m.:Ne 5:18 a head of cattle, bullock, ox, etc. (oft. + חֲמוֹר, שֶׂה, etc.);—שׁ׳: abs. Is 1:3 +, cstr. Ex 21:35 +, sf. שׁוֹרוֹ 20:17 +, etc.; pl. שְׁוָרִים Ho 12:2;—usu. a single head of cattle, without emphasis on sex (opp. בָּקָר coll. Ex 21:37, Nu 7:3): as property, spoil of war, etc. Ex 20:17 (E; Gi v:14) = Dt 5:18, cf. Dt 5:14, Ex 21:33 (E) ‖ Dt 22:4, Ex 22:1, 22:1 (‖בָּקָר of five head), 22:3, 22:8, 22:9, 22:29, 23:12 (all E), Dt 22:1, Gn 49:6 (poem in J), Dt 28:31, Ju 6:4, 1 S 12:3, Jb 24:3; as licking up (לָחַח) grass Nu 22:4 (J), feeding Ps 106:20 (in ref. to golden calf), cf. Is 7:25, not found32:30; lowing Jb 6:5; as intelligent Is 1:3, vicious (goring נָגַח) Ex 21:28, 21:28, 21:28 + 11 t. Ex 21 (E); used in ploughing Dt 22:10, threshing 25:4, cf. Pr 14:4; drawing wagon Nu 7:3 (P; opp. בָּקָר coll.); פְּנֵי שׁ׳: Ez 1:10; specif. of male † Jb 21:10 (opp. פָּרָה), of female † Lv 22:28 (H), perhaps also Nu 18:17 (P), appar. generic Dt 15:19, 33:17 (poem, fig.); rarely coll. Gn 32:6 (+ חאֹן), Ex 34:19—cf. Lv 27:26 (P)—Jos 6:21, 7:24 (all J), 1 S 15:3, 22:19; † as slaughtered Pr 7:22, for food 1 S 14:34, 14:34 (but v:b read אֲשֶׁר(אֶת־) with LXX Th We Dr al.), 1 K 1:19, 1:25, Dt 14:4, Lv 17:3 (H), cf. Ne 5:18 (אֶחָד שׁ׳:), Pr 15:17; for † sacrifice Ju 6:25 (פַּר־הַשּׁ׳:, text strange, cf. GFM), Ps 69:32 (שׁוֹר פָּר, but join פָּר to v:b Bae), 2 S 6:13, Ho 12:12, Lv 9:4, 9:18 (P), 22:23, 22:27 (H), Nu 15:11 (P), Dt 17:1, 18:3, cf. Lv 7:23, 9:19; מִשּׁוֹר זֶבַח Lv 4:10 (P); illicit sacrifice Is 66:3.
† II. שׁוּר n.[m.] wall (Aram. שׁוּרָא, ܣܽܘܪܳܐ);—Gn 49:22 (poem in J), 2 S 22:30 = Ps 18:30; pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתָם Jb 24:11 their walls De Di De, cf. Bu; but v. שׁוּרָה infra; שָׁרוֹתֶיהָ Je 5:10 = its walls, acc. to Vrss AV RV Gf Gie, read then שֻׁ׳:, but v. id.
† III. שׁוּר n.pr.loc. SW. of Palestine, on E. border of Egypt;—Gn 16:7 (J; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳:), 20:1 (E), towards Egypt 25:18 (J), 1 S 15:7, שׁ֫וּרָה 27:8; מִדְּבַּר־שׁ׳: Ex 15:22 (J).—Oft. supposed to denote properly the ‘wall’ or line of fortresses, built by Egyptian kings across isthmus of Suez; but dub.: cf. Dr:Hast. DB SHUR.
† [שׁוּרָה] n.f. prob. row of olives or vines (so Du Buhl al.; cf. NH שׁוּרָה, J Aram. שׁוּרְתָא row, whence mod. Ar. شورة as loan-word, cf. Vogelst:Land wirthschaft 41 f.);—pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתְם Jb 24:11 (al. II. שׁוּר); Bu and Du del. sf.; here also Je 5:10 (reading שֻׁ׳:) Du Buhl Dr, her (vine-)rows, but v. II. שׁוּר.
שַׁוְשָׁא n.pr.m. 1 Ch 18:16, v. שְׂרָיָךְ.
† I. שׁוּשַׁן, שׁוֹשָָׁן n.m. שׁוֹשַׁנָּה n.f. usually lily, prob. any lily-like flower (Tristr:NHB 462 ff. Post:Hast. DB LILY Löw:No. 323; NH שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, Ar. سَوْسَنُ (Vulg. سُوسَنُ), esp. iris, Aram. שׁוּשַׁנְתָּא, ܫܽܘܫܰܢܬܳܐ (PS:4344), Gk. σοῦσον Lewy:Fremdw. 48; orig. loan-word from Egypt. sššn, šôšĕ n, Erman:ZMG xlvi (1892), 117);—lily: in sim., יִפְרַח כַּשּׁוֹשַׁנָּה Ho 14:7 (of Isr.), בֵּין הַחוֹחִים כְּשׁוֹ׳: Ct 2:2 (sim. of bride), so cstr. שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים v:1 (cf. חֲבַצֶּלֶת); pl. שׁוֹשַׁנִּים 2:16, 4:5, 6:2, 6:3, 7:3 and (fig. of lover’s lips) 5:13; of flower-shaped capitals of pillars, מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוּשַׁן 1 K 7:19, שׁוֹשָָׁן מ׳: v:22; cf. פֶּרַח שׁוֹשָָׁן of brim of molten sea v:26, ‖שׁוֹשַׁנָה פ׳: 2 Ch 4:5; elsewh. only Psalm-titles: עַ־שֹׁשַׁנִּים Ps 45:1, 69:1, עַל־שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת 60:1, אֶל־שׁשַׁגִּם עֵדוּת 80:1; meaning not clear, v. Bae et Comm. al.; yet cf. עֵדוּת, sub עוד.
† II. שׁוּשַׁן n.pr.loc. Susa, winter residence of Persian kings; Σουσαν, ἐν Σουσοις (cuneif. Šûšan Dl:Pa 326 COT:Ne 1:1 Billerbeck:Susa Say:Hast. DB SHUSHAN);—הַבִּירָת שׁ׳: Ne 1:1 (9th month, כִּסְלֵו), Dn 8:2 (in Elam), Est 1:2, 1:5, 2:3, 2:5, 2:8, 3:15 a, 8:14, 9:6, 9:11, 9:12 (12th month, אֲדָר, v:1); הַבּ׳: om., שׁוּשָָׁן Est 4:8, 4:16 and (month אֲדָר) 9:13, 9:14, 9:15, 9:15, 9:18; הָעִיר שׁ׳: 3:15 b, 8:15.
† שׁוּשַׁק n.pr.m. 1 K 14:25 Kt, Qr שִׁישׁקּ p. 1011
שׁוּת v. שׁית. p. 1011
† שׁוּתֶ֫לַח n.pr.m. in Ephraim, Nu 26:35, 1 Ch 7:21, שׁוּתָָלַח v:20, Nu 26:36; Σουταλα, Σωθαλα, etc., LXXL Σουθαλα(αμ).
† שֻׁתַלְחִי adj.gent. of foregoing; c. art. הַשּׁ׳: as subst. coll. Nu 26:35.
† [שָׁזַף] vb. catch sight of, look on (of eye);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. sf. pers., subj. עַיִן, שְׁוֶפַתּוּ Jb 20:9, so (rei) 28:7; cf. שֶׁשְּׁזָפַתְנִי הַשָָּׁמֶשׁ Ct 1:6 because the sun hath looked on me.
[שָׁזַר]:21 vb. Hoph. be twisted (NH שָׁזַר twist; cf. Ar. شَزَرَ look a skew at, also twist cord from the left Ba:ES 49 (expl. שׁ, for normal שׂ, as dissim. before ז), Jacob:Ar. Dichter i. 52);—Pt. שֵׁשׁ מָשְׁזָר Ex 26:1, 26:31, 26:36 + 17 t. Ex (P); שֵׁשׁ om. 39:24.
שַׁח v. שׁתת. p. 1006
† [שָׁחַד] vb. give a present, bribe (Ecclus 35:14; Aram. שְׁחַד, ܫܚܕ bribe; perh. also As. šidê, gifts, Dl:WB 643);—Qal Impf. 2 fs., acc. pers. וַתִּשְׁחֳדִי אוֹתָם Ez 16:33 thou didst bribe them to come (לָבוֹא; ‖נָתַן נְדָנִים ); rd. prob. also Inf. cstr. sf. שַׁחֲדָהּ Is 47:11 to buy it off (for MT שַׁחְרָהּ, so Kr Gr Buhl Che:Hpt Heb 142, cf. Marti; v. Pr 6:35); Imv. mpl. שִׁחֲדוּ בַעֲדִי (Ges:§ 64 a) Jb 6:22 give a bribe for me.
† שֹׁ֫חַד n.m. present, specif. bribe;—שׁ׳: abs. Is 1:23 + 22 t.;—bribe, usu. to pervert justice, obj. of לָקַח Ex 23:8 a (E), = Dt 16:19 a, Dt 10:17, 1 S 8:3, 2 Ch 19:7, Ps 15:5, Pr 17:23; + inf., take bribe to do something, Dt 27:25 Ez 22:12; אָהַב שׁ׳: Is 1:23; cf. also 5:23, 33:15, Ex 23:8 b (E) = Dt 16:19 b, Mi 3:11, Ps 26:10, Pr 17:8, 21:14; אָהֳלֵי־שׁ׳: Jb 15:34, i.e. abode of bribe-givers; שׁ׳: Pr 6:35 (‖כֹּפֶר ) is hush-money, or (poss.) legal compensation (cf. Toy); שׁ׳: elsewh. (c. שָׁהַ) of bribing king to take sides 1 K 15:19, 2 K 16:8, cf. Is 45:13 (‖מְחִיר ).
[שָׁחָה]:172 vb. bow down (NH id.; J Aram. שְׁחִי (rare); akin to שׁוח, שׁחח);—Qal Imv. fs. שְׁחִי Is 51:23 bow down. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁחֶָנָּה Pr 12:25, fig., anxiety depresses it (sc. לֵב; opp. שִׂמֵּחַ). Hithpa‘lēl:170 (Ges:§ 75 kk) Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה Ez 46:2; 2 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֫יתָ Dt 4:19 + 3 t.; 1 S. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֫יתִי 1 S 16:4 + 2 t.; 3 mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Je 8:2, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 S 15:32 + 3 t.; apoc. יִשְׁתַּ֫חוּ Is 44:17 +; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Gn 49:8 +; 2 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֫יןָ Gn 33:6, 37:7, etc.; Imv. fs. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי Ps 45:12; mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ 29:2 +; Inf. cstr. הִשְׁשַׁתַּחֲוֹת Gn 37:10 +; sf. מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶי 2 K 5:18 (but LXX Vulgate and mod. חֲוֹתוֹ-); Pt. מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 K 19:27, etc.; מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶּם Ez 8:16, read וִים- all mod.;—
1. bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.: a. c. ל, after descriptive cl. (esp. with קדד, נפל 3 b, q. v.), 1 S 24:9, Gn 43:28 (J) 2 S 14:4, 14:22, Ru 2:10, 1 K 1:31, 2 K 4:37 + 6 t., + (after כָּרֵע) Est 3:2, 3:2, 3:5. b. c. ל, sq. phr. (לפני) על אפים ארחה 2 S 14:33, 1 K 1:23; לאפים Gn 48:12 (E) 2 S 18:28; אפים Gn 42:6 (E) + 4 t.; om. אפים 33:3 (J) + 3 t.; עַל כַּפּוֹת רֵנְלַיִךְ Is 60:14. c. c. לְ pers. only, Gn 23:7 (P) 27:29, 27:29, 37:9 (E), 49:8, Ex 11:8 (J) + 8 t.; c. לפני Gn 23:12 (P); c. אל Is 45:14 (‖התפלּל ); abs. Gn 33:6, 33:7, 33:7 (J), Ex 18:7 (E) 2 S 9:8, 16:4, Is 49:7.
2. before God, in worship, etc.: a. c. לְ, after descriptive phr.: קדד ארחה Ex 34:8 (J); ארחה om. Gn 24:26, 24:48 (J) + 4 t.; כרע אפים ארחה 2 Ch 7:3; כרע 29:29; נפל ארחה Jb 1:20; נפל לפני 2 Ch 20:18. b. sq. phr.: אפים ארחה ל׳ :קדד וישׁ׳: Ne 8:6; ארחה ל׳: Gn 24:52 (J); ונכרעה השׁ׳: Ps 95:6; בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ ל׳ :השׁ׳: 29:2, 96:9 = 1 Ch 16:29; אֶל־הֵיכָל (looking towards) Ps 5:8, 138:2; לַהֲדֹם רגלים 99:5, 132:7. c. c. לְ only: 1 S 1:28 (but read וַתַּנִּחֵהוּ LXX and mod.), 15:25, Je 7:2, Ps 66:4 + 9 t.; c. לפני Dt 26:10, Is 66:23 + 4 t.; c. בְ loc. Is 27:13; c. לְ loc. Ps 99:9; abs. Gn 22:5 (E) Ju 7:15 + 5 t.; acc. loc. Ex 33:10 (E) Je 26:2, Ez 46:3; מזבח(ה)לפני Is 36:7 = 2 K 18:22 = 2 Ch 32:12; c. על loc. Gn 47:31 (J) 1 K 1:47, Ez 46:2; מֵרֶחֹק after off Ex 24:1 (E). d. before angel in theoph.: after cl. c. נפל, קדד, Jos 5:14, Nu 22:31; sq. אפים ארחה Gn 19:1; ארחה 18:2 (all J).
3. before other gods: abs. Is 2:20, 44:15, 44:17, 46:6; acc. loc. 2 K 5:18, 5:18, 5:18, 19:37 = Is 37:38; c. לְ, Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9 (10 words), Ex 23:24 (E), Nu 25:2 (J), Jos 23:7 (D), Dt 8:19, 11:16, 1 K 16:31 + 34 t.; c. על, Lv 26:1 (H); לפני 2 Ch 25:14 (‖קטּר ).
† [שְׁחוּת] n.f. pit (cf. שַׁ֫חַת from שׁוח);—sf. בִּשְׁחוּתוֹ הוּא יִפּוֹל Pr 28:10.
† [שְׁחִית] n.f. id.;—pl. sf. נִלְכַּד בִּשְׁתִיתוֹתָם La 4:20, וִימַלֵּט מִשּׁ׳: Ps 107:20.
שׁחוֹר v. שִׁיחוֹר. שְׁחוֹר v. I. שׁחר. p. 1007, 1009
† [שָׁחַח] vb. bow, be bowed down, crouch (NH id.; TelAm. šaḫâhu (Wkl:TelAm. Vocab.), prostrate oneself, prob. Canaanism; As. šaḫâḫu is oppress, torment);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשַׁח Is 2:11, 2:17, 1 S. שַׁחִ֫וֹתִי Ps 38:7, שַׁחֹ֫תִי 35:14, 3 pl. שֽׁחֲחוּ Jb 9:13, שַׁחוּ Hb 3:6, Pr 14:19; Impf. 3 ms. יָשֹׁחַ Ps 10:10, 3 mpl. יָשֹׁ֫חוּ Jb 38:40, וַיָּשֹׁ֫חוּ Ps 107:39; Inf. cstr. (= abs., as adv., Ges:§ 118 q Kö:ii. 2, §§ 221, 402 d cf. also Ba:NB 164) שְׁחוֹחַ Is 60:14;—
1. be bowed down, prostrated, humbled, by י׳:, Is 2:11, 2:17 (both ‖שָׁפֵל ), Hb 3:6 (of hills), Jb 9:13 (תַּחְתָּו שׁ׳:), Ps 107:39 (+ מָעַט); by man 10:10.
2. bow in homage, לִפְנֵי pers. Pr 14:19; וְהָֽלְבוּ אֵלַיִח שְׁחוֹחַ Is 60:14 (‖הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ ).
3. bow, of mourner (קֹדֵר), Ps 35:14, 38:7.
4. crouch, of wild beast in lair Jb 38:40. Niph. Impf. be prostrated, humbled: וַ֔יִּשַּׁח אָדָם Is 2:9 (‖שָׁפֵל ) = 5:15 (‖ id.); be reduced, weakened, יִשַּׁ֫חוּ כָּל־בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ec 12:4; = proceed humbly, of words מֵעָפָר Is 29:4 (‖שָׁפֵל ). Hiph. prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.; Pf. 3 ms. הֵךְַ Is 25:12, 26:5 (both ‖הִשְׁפִּיל ). Hithpō‘ be cast down, despairing: Impf. 3 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחָָח Ps 42:7, 2 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחֲחִי v:6, v:11, 43:5 (all c. subj. נַפְשִׁי).
† שַׁח adj. low, lowly;—cstr. שַׁח־עֵינַיִם Jb 22:39 lowly of eyes, humble.
† [יְשׁוֹחָיָה] n.pr.m. in Simeon (mng. ?);—וִישׁ׳: 1 Ch 4:36; Ιασουια, Ιεσουια
שָׁחַט vb. slaughter, beat (orig. beat, flay? cf. As. šaḫâṭu, flay, take off dress; Ar. سَحَطَ slay (but ح = ḫ; is this loan-word in Ar. ?); NH = BH, esp. in ritual);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Je 39:6 +, sf. וּשְׁחָטוֹ consec. Lv 3:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁחַט Lv 4:24 +, 2 fs. וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי Ez 16:21, 3 mpl. sf. וַיִּשְׁחָט֫וּהוּ Ju 12:6; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֲטוּ Ex 12:21, 2 Ch 35:6; Inf. abs. שָׁחֹט Is 22:13; cstr. לִשְׁחֹט Gn 22:10, וֹט- Ez 40:39, sf. שַׁחֲטָם (Ges:§ 64 a) Ez 23:39; Pt. act. שׁוֹחֵט Is 66:3, etc.; pass. שָׁחוּט 1 K 10:16 +, etc.;—slaughter:
1. beast for food 1 S 14:32, 14:34, 14:34, Is 22:13 (‖הָרַג), cf. Lv 17:3, 17:3, for blood Gn 37:31 (E).
2. usu. (51 t.; Hex only P, 38 t.) term. techn. of killing sacrifice (BJacob:ZAW xvii (1897), 5i), 1 S 1:25, Ex 29:11, Lv 1:5, 1:11, 4:24, 9:8, Nu 19:3, 2 Ch 29:22, 29:22, 29:24 +; abs. Ez 40:41 (אֶל loc.); bird Lv 14:5, 14:6, 14:50, 14:51; beast in illicit sacrifice Is 66:3; c. acc. of sacrifice (עוֹלָה, אָשָׁם, חַטָאת, etc.) Ez 40:39 (אֶל loc.), v:42, 44:11, Lv 4:24, 7:2, 14:13 +; passover lamb † Ex 12:6, acc. הַפֶּסַח † v:21, 2 Ch 30:15, 35:1, 35:6, 35:11, Ezr 6:20.
3. slaughter pers. Ju 12:6, 1 K 18:40, 2 K 10:7, 10:14 (אֶל loc.), 2 K 25:7 = Je 39:6 a = 52:10 a, Je 39:6 b = 52:10 b, 41:7; י׳: subj. Nu 14:16 (JE); in human sacrifice Gn 22:10 (E), to false gods Ez 16:21, 23:39, Is 57:5.
4. pt. pass. = beaten, hammered, זָהָב שָׁחוּט 1 K 10:16, 10:17 = 2 Ch 9:15 a, 9:16, of shekels 2 Ch 9:15; so also Je 9:7 Qr חֵץ שָׁחוּט (> Kt שׁוֹחֵט) hammered (i.e. sharpened) arrow. †Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁחֵט Nu 11:22 (J) be slaughtered for food (subj. beast); 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵט Lv 6:18, 6:18 (P) be slain, of sacrifice.
† [שְׁחִיטָה] n.f. act of slaying;—cstr. שְׁחִיטַת הַפְּסָחִים 2 Ch 30:17.
† שְׁחֲטָה n.f. (Qal Inf. cstr. Kö:i. 263) doubtful word;—שֵׂטִים הֶעְמִיקוּ וְשׁ׳: Ho 5:2 RV (cf. AV) the revolters are gone deep in slaughtering [‘Opferschlächterei’ Kö:ii. 1. 590, n. 1], Ew Now (formerly), Che in corrupting (rd. then שַׁחֲתָה); We Now GASm Marti שַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים have made deep the pit of Shiṭṭim (as place of idolatry).
שְׁחִין v. שׁחן. שְׁחִיף v. [שָׂחִיף]. below, p. 965
† שָׁחִיס Is 37:30 = סָחִישׁ (in ‖ 2 K 19:29), q. v. p. 695
† שׁחל (√ of foll.; Dl:Prol.34 cp. As. šaḫâlu, call, proclaim; perh. both onomatop., as Ar. سَحَلَ bray (of ass), cf. Nö:ZMG xi (1886), 725).
שַׁ֫חַל n.m. lion (poet.);—abs. שׁ׳: Ho 5:14 +, שָָׁחַל Jb 4:10 +;—lion, sim. of י׳:, toward Israel Ho 5:14 (‖כְּפִיר ), 13:7 (‖נָמֵר ); of guilty men Jb 4:10 (‖אַרְיֵה , כְּ פִירִים); fig. of foes Ps 91:13 (‖כְּפִיר ) lion, as hunted 10:16 (in sim.); lit. Jb 28:8, Pr 26:13.
† שְׁחֵ֫לֶת n.f. an ingredient of the holy incense, + נָטָף, חֶלְבְּנָה, Ex 30:34; LXX Vulgate ὄνυξ, onyx (whence AV onycha), i.e. unguis odoratus, the operculum, or closing-flap, of certain molluscs, with pungent odour when burnt, v. Thes:1388 f. Di Shipley-Cook:Ency. Bib. ONYCHA; so most; KG Jacob:ZMG xliii (1889), 354 prop. amber.
שׁחן (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. سَخُنَ be hot, then inflamed; Aram. שְׁחַן, ܫܨܶܢ be warm, heat).
† שְׁחִין n.m. boil, coll. eruption;—on man 2 K 20:7 = Is 38:21, רָָע שׁ׳: Dt 28:35, Jb 2:7; possibly leprous Lv 13:18, 13:19, 13:20, חָרֶ֫בֶת הַשּׁ׳: 13:23 (v. ח׳:; all P), in Egypt, on man and beast Ex 9:9, 9:10, 9:11, 9:11 (all P), cstr. שְׁחִין מִחְרַיִם Dt 28:27.
שׁחף (√ of שַׁחֶפֶת and poss. of שַׁחַף; Ar. سَحَفَ is pare, peel off; also affect with consumption of lungs; سُحَافُ consumption, so J Aram. שַׁחַפְתָּא [for שַׁחֶפֶת]).
† [שַׁ֫חַף] n.[m.] prob. sea-mew, gull (cf. LXX Vulgate) (from attenuated body, Thes); so Post:Hast. DB CUCKOW Tristr:NHB 210 ff; sterna fluviatilis, or tern Id:FFP 135 M’Lean-Shipley:Ency. Bib. ID.;—הַשָָּׁחַף Dt 14:15 = Lv 11:16 (P), in list of unclean birds.
† שַׁחֶ֫פֶת n.f. wasting disease, consumption Dt 28:22, Lv 26:16 (H).
שׁחץ (√ of foll.; cf. NH act proudly, and deriv.; Aram. שַׁחְחָא lion († Ps 17:12 edd.); Eth.3h.s’a: be insolent; Ar. شَخْسُ is rise, be elevated; شَخِيسُ bulky, man of rank, but ش = שׁ ?).
† [שַׁ֫חַץ] n.[m.] dignity, pride;—בְּנֵי־השָָּׁחַץ i.e. majestic wild beasts Jb 28:8 (‖שָָׁחַל ), 41:26.
† שׁחחומה Kt, שַׁחֲחִ֫ימָה Qr (i.e. [שַׁחֲחִים] + הָ֯) n.pr.loc. in Issachar Jos 19:22; ἐπὶ Σαλειμ κατἀ θάλασσαν, A LXXL Σασειμα(θ).
† [שָׁחַק] vb. rub away, beat fine, pulverize (so Ar. سَحَقَ, سَحْقُ worn garment, thin clouds; Aram. שְׁחַק, ܫܚܰܩ pilverize; Ecclus שחק 6:36 is go often (wear by treading), Str cp. iter terere);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. אֲבָּנִים שָֽׁחֲקוּ מַיִם Jb 14:19 waters rub away stones; 2 ms. וְשָׁחַקְתָּ֫ Ex 30:36 (P; of pulverizing incense, v. דקק Hiph.); fig., acc. of foes, Impf. 1 S. sf. וְאֶשְׁחָקֵם 2 S 22:43 (‖) = Ps 18:43.
† שַׁ֫חַק n.m.:Pr 9:20 dust, cloud (as fine, thin);—שׁ׳: abs. Ps 89:7, 89:38, cstr. Is 40:15; pl. שְׁחָקִים Dt 33:25 +;—
1. fine dust, מאֹזְנַיִם שׁ׳: Is 40:15 (sim. of insignif.).
2. (thin) cloud, usu. pl. (oft. ‖שָׁמַיִם ), Dt 33:26 (poem), Is 45:8, Je 51:9, Jb 35:5, 36:28, 37:21, 38:37, Ps 36:6, 57:11, 68:35, 77:18, 78:23, 108:5; opp. תְּהוֹם Pr 3:20, 8:28; עָבֵי שׁ׳: 2 S 22:12 = Ps 18:12; = heavens, sky Jb 37:18 (c. חִרְקִיעַ), and (sg.) Ps 89:7, 89:38.
שִׁחֹר v. שִׁיחוֹר. p. 1009
† I. שָׁחַר vb. be black (NH שָׁחוֹר and deriv., black, blackness, etc., Ecclus 25:17 Hiph. make black; Aram. שְׁחַר (Jastr Dalm), Aph. grow black, so ܫܚܰܪ, ܫܽܘܚܪܳܐ coal; Jäger:BAS ii. 295 cp. As. šûru, coal, šurinnu, fire-pot);—שׁ׳:, of skin Jb 30:30.
† שְׁחוֹר n.[m.] blackness;—תָּאֳרָם חָשַׁח מִשּׁ׳: La 4:8.
† שָׁחֹר adj. black;—שׁ׳: of hair Lv 13:31, 13:37 (P), so fpl. שְׁחֹרוֹת Ct 5:11; of skin, fs. שְׁחוֹרָה 1:5; of horses, mpl. שְׁחֹרִים Zc 6:2, 6:6.
† שַׁחֲרוּת n.f. acc. to DE:Comm. Rüetschi:Kau blackness, viz. of hair (so Targum), i.e. (RV) prime of life (which Wild allows); usu. dawn of youth (II. שׁחר);—Ec 11:10 (+ יַלְדוּת).
† [שְׁחַרְחֹר Ges:§ 84 b n] adj. blackish (Gann:JAS 1883, Fev.-Mars. 156. no. 41, cp. Isr. n.pr. שׁחרחר on seal = ‘ le brun ’);—f. שְׁחַרְחֹ֫רֶת Ct 1:6.
† אַשְׁחוּר n.pr.m. in Judah, called אֲבִי א׳: תְקוֹעַ 1 Ch 2:24, 4:5; Ασχω, Σαρα; A Ασδωδ, Ασχουρ; LXXL Ασσωρ, Ασοωρ.
II. שׁחר (√ of foll.; MI:15 שחרת, Ar. سَحَرُ, As. šêru, NH שַׁחַר, Aram. שַׁחֲרָא all dawn).
† שַׁ֫חַר n.m.:Gn 19:15 dawn;—abs. שׁ׳: 1 S 9:26 +, שָָׁחַר Ju 19:25 +; sf. שַׁחְרָךְ Is 47:11 (but read prob. שַׁחֲדָהּ);—dawn, c. עָלָה rise Gn 19:15, 32:25, 32:27, Jos 6:15 (all J), Ju 19:25, 1 S 9:26, Ne 4:15, Jon 4:7; opp. עֵיפָה Am 4:13; as adv. at dawn Ps 57:9 = 108:3; עַפְעַפֵּי־שׁ֔ Jb 3:9, 41:10; כַּנְפֵי־שׁ׳: Ps 139:9; 110:3 rd. prob. רֶחֶם שׁ׳: (v. מִשְׁחָר infr.); שׁ׳: also Jb 38:12, in sim. Ho 6:3 (but rd. כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְחָאֵהוּ as inf., v. following, Gie:Beitr. 208 We Now GASm Marti), Is 58:8, Ct 6:10, Jo 2:2 (al. blackness, ‖עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל ); בֶּן־שׁ׳: Is 14:12 (of star, fig. of royal splendour;—lit. as myth RS:K 300); אֵין לוֹ שׁ׳: Is 8:20 is obscure, so also בַּשּׁ׳: Ho 10:15 (We in storm, i.e. בַּשַּׂעַר).—Is 47:11 usu., but improbably, dawn (origin) of calamity: JHMich Hi Ew Röd (Thes) De Di al. charm away (RVm) (Ar. سَحَرَ enchant (We:Heid. 2. 159, 200), سِحرُ enchantment [= Sab. סחר DHM:Hofmus. 24. 1]); but v. [שָׁחַד]. p. 1005
† [שָׁחר] vb. denom. look early, diligently for (late; orig. look for dawn);—Qal Pt. שֹׁחֵר טוֹב Pr 11:27 (‖בִּקֵּשׁ , דָּרַשׁ), elsewhere Pi. c. acc. (sf.) Pf. 3 ms. sf. שִׁחֲרוֹ מוּסָר Pr 13:24 seeks him early (with) discipline (chastises him be-times); 2 ms. sf. consec. וְשִׁחַרְתַּ֫נִי וְאֵינֶנִּי Jb 7:21; lit. Inf. לְשַׁחֵר פָּנֶיךָ Pr 7:15; of wild asses, Pt. מְשַׁחֲרֵי לַטָָּרֶף Jb 24:5 (Ges:§ 190 u) seeking eagerly for their food; usu. of seeking God (י׳:) earnestly, Pf. וְשִׁחֲרוּ־אֵל Ps 78:34 (‖דָּרַשׁ ), Impf. 2 ms. תְּשַׁחֵר אֶל־אֵל Jb 8:5 (si vera l.), 3 ms. sf. יְשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי (Ges:§ 60 e) Ho 5:15 (‖בִּקֵּשׁ ), + 6:3 (v. שַׁחַר), and, acc. wisdom, Pr 1:28, Pt. sf. מְשַׁחֲרַי Pr 8:17; seek with longing, long for (י׳:), אֲשַׁחֲרֶָךָּ Is 26:9 Ps 63:2.
שַׁחֲרוּת v. I. שָׁחַר. above
† מִשְׁחָר n.[m.] dawn;—מֵרֶחֶם מ׳: Ps 110:3, but מ prob. dittogr., read שַׁחַר (Du, cf. Buhl).
† שְׁחַרְיָה n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:26; Σα(α)ρ(α)ια.
† שַׁחֲרַ֫יִם n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:8; Σααρηλ[μ], LXXL Σεωρειν.
[שָׁחַת]:151 vb. go to ruin (?), only der. spec. (NH Hiph. = BH, Ecclus. שחיתה 30:11 corrupt act; Ar. سَحَتَ extirpate; Eth. sah.at’a: injure, violate; TelAm. šaḫâtu is fall (esp. of city), be prostrate (? of land), perh. Canaanism (v. Wkl:TelAm. Vocab.), As. poss. šêtu, flee, escape (cf. אבד); OAram. (Zinj.) שחת destroy Lzb:374, Aram. שְׁחַת, ܫܰܚܶܛ (assim. of ܬ), multilate;—very improb. Gerber:179 denom. from שַׁחַת);—† Niph. be marred, spoiled, Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁחַת, of waistcloth Je 13:7, vessel 18:4; be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵת Ex 8:20 (J) of land (מִפְנֵי הֶעָרֹב); be corrupted, corrupt, in mnorals and rel., of earth, Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁחָָתָה Gn 6:12 (P), Impf. 3 fs. לִפְנֵי הָא׳ :וַתִּשּׁ׳: v:11 (P); so Pt. fpl. as adj. נִשְׁחָתוֹת Ez 20:44. † Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁחֵת Ex 32:7 +, sf. שִׁחֶתְךָ Ho 13:9; 2 ms. שִׁחַתָּ Is 14:20 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֵָתוּ Je 5:10; Inf. cstr. שַׁחֵת Gn 13:10 +, etc.;—
1. spoil, ruin, acc. of eye Ex 21:26 (E), vineyard Je 12:10 (fig.), branches Na 2:3 (fig.), also = destroy, acc. pers. 2 S 1:14, 14:11 (acc. om.), Ez 5:16, 20:17, כָּל־בָשָׂר Gn 6:17, 9:15 (P), city, fortress, etc., Gn 13:10, 19:13, 19:29 (all J), 2 S 24:16, Je 5:10 (acc. om.), 48:18, Ez 26:4, 43:3, La 2:5, ruin temple v:6, nation Ho 11:9, 13:9 (read perh. שִׁחַתִּךָ Oort Now), land 2 K 19:12 (Hiph. in ‖ Is 37:12), Ju 6:5, Jos 22:33 (P), Ez 22:30, 30:11, earth Gn 9:11 (P); c. ל obj. (ל 3b), city 1 S 23:10, pers. Nu 32:15 (P); c. acc. רַחֲמָיו Am 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, RS:K 28 al., the bonds of kinship, v.רַחֲמִים), בְּרִית Mal 2:8, i.e. violate it, v. esp. אַרְחָה וְשׁ׳: (sc. semen) Gn 38:9 (J) he spoiled (it) upon the ground, made it ineffective, = waste words Pr 23:8.
2. pervert, corrupt, acc. wisdom Ez 28:17, abs. = deal corruptly, הֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ Ho 9:9 (cf. [עָמֹק], p.770:b; but We Now read שַׁחְתּוֹ, √ שׁוח), Ex 32:7 (JE), Dt 9:12, so לוֹ שׁ׳: 32:5. Hiph.:103 Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁחִית Gn 6:12 +; 1 s. וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י Je 51:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁחִית Dn 8:24 +, יַשְׁחִת Mal 3:11 +, וַיַּשְׁחֵת 1 Ch 20:1; 2 fs. וַתַּשְׁחִתִי Ez 16:47, 2 mpl. תַּשְׁחִתוּן Dt 4:16, 31:29; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁחִיתָהּ 2 K 18:25 = Is 36:10; Inf. abs. הַשְׁחֵת Dt 31:29; cstr. הַשְׁחִית 1 S 26:15 +, etc.; Pt. מַשְׁחִית Gn 19:14 +, etc.;—1. spoil, ruin, acc. crop Ju 6:4, Mal 3:11, trees Dt 20:19, 20:20, Je 11:19 (fig.), vessels 2 Ch 36:19, houses 34:11, palaces Je 6:5 cf. Is 65:8, Lv 19:27 (H), Ru 4:6; דַּיָּם הִשׁ׳: Je 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; acc. pers. = ruin, destroy, 1 S 26:9, 26:15, Ju 20:21, 20:25 (+ אַ֫רְחָה), v:35, v:42, 2 K 13:23, 2 Ch 24:23 (+ מִן separ.), + 12 t., + (acc. pers. om.) Is 51:13 + 4 t., acc. בֵּית דָּוִד 2 Ch 21:7, abs. Is 11:9 = 65:25; also ruin one (by words) Pr 11:9; acc. עַם 2 S 24:16, Dt 9:26; land 1 S 6:5, Je 36:29, Dn 11:17 (v. Dr); city wall 2 S 20:15 (Ew Th here denom. from שַׁחַת they were making a pit; < LXX We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now מְחַשְּׁבִים were devising), La 2:8, cities and nations Gn 18:28, 18:28 (J, acc. om.), 19:13, 19:14 (J), Is 37:12 (Pi. in ‖ 2 K 19:12), 36:10, 36:10 = 2 K 18:25, 18:25 + 11 t. + (Israel personif.) Dt 4:31, 10:10, 2 K 8:19, pride of Judah Je 13:9, earth Je 51:1; abs. c. adv. acc. Dn 8:24 (v. Dr; Bev conj. יְשׂחֵחַ or יָשִׂיחַ utter monstrous things), cf. 1 Ch 21:12; Pt. as adj., of lion Je 2:30, angel 1 Ch 21:15; = destroyer Ex 12:23 (J), Je 22:7, Is 54:16, גּוֹיִם מ׳: Je 4:7, רוּחַ מ׳: 51:1; sg. coll. (הַמּ׳: Ges:§ 126 l; the destroying band, cf. Dr Bu Now) 1 S 13:17, 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); fig. for snare, trap, Je 5:26. † 2. pervert, corrupt, morally, acc. דֶּרֶח Gn 6:12 (P; v. דֶּרֶח 6), נַפְשׁוֹ Pr 6:32, cf. Zp 3:7, Ez 23:11 (מִן comp.); הִשׁ׳: הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה Ps 14:1 = 53:2; הַשְׁחֵת תַּשְׁח׳: (+ vb. of particular act) Dt 4:16, 31:29; declar. = act corruptly, Is 1:4, Dt 4:28 (+ vb. of act), 2 Ch 27:2, + מִן comp. Ju 2:19, Ez 16:47; Pt. as subst. Je 6:28, אִישׁ מַשׁ׳: Pr 28:24 (18:9 v. infra).—אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת destroy not (catchword of old song or melody ?) in Psalm-titles: † 57:1, 58:1, 59:1; 75:1. † Hoph. Pt. מָשְׁחָת spoiled, ruined, of a spring, מָקוֹר Pr 25:26 (‖מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ ); as subst. Mal 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.
† מַשְׁחִית n.[m.] ruin, destruction;—מ׳: abs. Je 5:26 + 10 t.;—physical destruction Ez 5:16, 9:6, 21:36, 25:15, Ex 12:13 (P), 2 Ch 20:23, 22:4; בַּעַל מ׳: Pr 18:9 = destroyer; Dn 10:8 (disfigurement); הַר־מ׳: Je 51:25 (fig. of Bab. as destroyer), in 2 K 23:13 = mt. of corruption (where bamoth were, S. end of Mt. Of Olives, poss. adapted from הַר־מִשְׁחָה so Hoffm:ZAW ii (1882), 175 Benz Kit Bur; Vulgate mons offensionis).
† מַשְׁחֵת n.[m.] id.;—כְּ לִי מַשְׁחֵתוֹ Ez 9:1.
† מִשְׁחַת n.[m.] disfigurement of face Is 52:14.
† מָשְׁחָת n.[m.] corruption (ritual), Lv 22:25 (H).
שַׁ֫חַת v. שׁוח p.1001
שִׁטָּה:27 n.f. acacia, tree and wood (= שִׁנְטָה*, Ar. سَنْطُ, prob. loan-word from Egypt. šndt, šondₑt, Thes:1452 Erman:ZMG xlvi (1892), 120);—growing in dry places; esp. acacia (mimosa) Nilotica; cf. Rob:BR ii. 20, or a. seyyâl Post:Flora 298 f. Hast. DB SHITTAH-TREE Tristr:NHB 390 ff.;—שׁ׳: sg. Is 41:19 (to grow in desert); usually pl., עֲחֵי שִׁטִּים shiṭṭîm (wood), material of ark, altars, staves, etc., in tabern., Dt 10:3, Ex 25:5, 25:10, 25:13 + 19 t. Ex 25–38 (P); עֲחֵי om., עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳: pillars of shiṭṭîm (wood), Ex 26:32, 26:37, 36:36 (P).
† שִׁטִּים n.pr.loc. alw. הַשּׁ׳:; usu. Σαττειν:
1. E. of Jordan, Jos 2:1, 3:1 (E), Mi 6:5, Nu 25:1 (P); = אָבֵל הַשּׁ׳: 33:49; on exact site v. Buhl:G 116 Gray:Nu 25, 1.
2. נַחַל הַשּׁ׳: Jo 4:18 (perh. Wady es-Sanṭ , W. of Jerus., cf. We Buhl:Geogr. 90, and views in Dr).
[שָׁטַח] vb. spread, spread abroad (NH id.; Ar. سَطَحَ spread out; so Eth. sat’h.a: Aram. לַשֶּׁמַךְ ܫܛܰܚ);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. consec. וּטָחוּם Je 8:2 they shall spread them abroad, etc., acc. of many separate things, so Impf. 3 fs. וַקתִּשְׁטַךְ 2 S 17:19 (עַל loc.; disting. from פָּרַשׂ spread covering); 3 mpl. + inf. abs. וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ לָהֶם שָׁטוֹחַ Nu 11:32 (J) they spread (sc. the quails) for themselves all abroad round about the camp (i.e. to dry them; Vulgate siccaverunt; cf. Di Gray); Pt. שֹׁטֵחַ לַנּוֹיִם Jb 12:23 expanding the nations (cf. ל 3 b). Pi. Pf. 1 s. שִׁטַּחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ כַפָָּי Ps 88:10 I have spread out unto thee my palms.
† [מִשְׁטָח] n.[m.] spreading-place (NH for drying figs, etc., (ARSKennedy:Ency. Bib. FRUIT, 1568));—cstr. מִשְׁטַח חֲרָמִים Ez 26:5, 26:14.
† [מִשְׁטוֹחַ] n.[m.] id.;—לַחֲרָמִים מ׳: Ez 47:10.
שֹׁטֵט v. שׁוט, שִׁטִּים v. supra. p. 1002
† שָׁטַף vb. overflow, rinse or wash off (NH id., so JAram. שְׁטַף; As. šatâpu, overflow, Ar. سطف id., Cuche);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Is 8:8 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁטֹף 1 K 22:38, etc.; Pt. שׁוֹטֵף Is 10:22 +, pl. שֹׁטְפִים Is 28:2;—
1. overflow, of river Is 8:8, Je 47:2 a (v. נַחַל), Dn 11:10, 11:40, all fig. of invading army, cf. Is 28:15 (qy. by Sta:ThLz, Apr. 1894, 235, Du Marti rd. שׁוֹט שֹׁטֵט), v:18 (v. שׁוֹט), also (sim. of י׳: in judgment) v:2 (מַיִם), 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֹטֵף חְדָקָה Is 10:22; c. acc. of land Je 47:2b, pers. (fig.) Is 43:2 (נְהָרוֹת), Ps 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), v:16 (מִיִם שׁ׳:), 124:4 (מַיִם), cf. Is 28:17 Ct 8:7; גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף flooding rain (of י׳:’s judgement) Ez 11:11, 11:13, 38:22; נַחַל שׁוֹטֵף Is 66:12, sim., in good sense.—Abs. Dn 11:26 v. Niph.—Fig. of dashing, rushing horse, בַּמִּלְחָמָה כְּסוּס שׁוֹ׳: Je 8:6.
2. flow, run, lit. of נַחַל Ps 78:20, 2 Ch 32:4.
3. lit., rinse or wash off, c. acc. of thing washed 1 K 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָָּיִם Lv 15:11 (P); of stain Ez 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; ‖רָחַץ ); עֲפַר־אָָרֶץ Jb 14:19. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Lv 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3 mpl. יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Dn 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read prob. יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also v:26 (cf. Dr). Pu. Pf. 3ms. וּמֹרַק וְּשֻׁטַּף בַּמָָּיִם Lv 6:21 (P) it shall be scoured and rinsed.
† שֶׁ֫טֶף, שֶׁ֫חֶף n.m.:Na 1:8 flood;—abs. שֶׁ֫טֶף Na 1:8 + 3 t.; cstr. שֶׁ׳: Pr 27:4, שֵׁ׳: Ps 32:6;—flood, fig. of י׳:’s judgement, עֹבֵר שׁ׳: Na 1:8, cf. Dn 9:26, זְרֹעוֹת הַשּׁ׳: 11:22 (cf. Dr); of calamity, מַיִם רַבִּים שׁ׳: Ps 32:6; אָף שׁ׳: Pr 27:4 a flood of anger; so שֶׁחֶף קֶחֶף Is 54:8 (ח for ט bef. foll. ח Ew Di; > Du Che Marti del. שׁ׳: as dittogr.); שֶׁטֶף lit. of rainflood, Jb 38:25.
שׁטר (√ of foll.; As. šaṭâru, write, Sab. סטר Hom:Chr 124 DHM:Ep. Denkm. Ar. lii. 2, liv.2; Ar. سَطَرَ rule (a book), write, سَطْرُ row, line; Aram. שְׁטָרָא, ܫܛܳܪܳܐ document, so Hilpr:Bab. Exp. x.8 CIS:ii.67, Nab. Palm. שטר Lzb:374: Hom:NKZ i.69 all from As.).
† שֹׁטֵר n.m. official, officer (prop. scribe, secretary? or fr. original meaning as arranger, organizer?);—abs. שׁ׳: Pr 6:7, שׁו׳: 2 Ch 26:11; pl. שֹׁטְרִים Dt 1:15 +, etc.;—appar. subordinate officer, judicial, civil or military (cf. Dr:Dt 1:15 Gray:Nu 11:16); organizing people for marching Jos 1:10 3:2 (both E), cf. Dt 20:5, 20:8, 20:9; appointed over Isr. by Egypt. overseers Ex 5:14, cf. v:6, v:10, v:15, v:19 (all J); elsewhere + זְקֵנִים Nu 11:16 (E), Dt 29:9, 31:28; + שֹׁפְטִים 16:18, 1 Ch 23:4, 26:29, + ז׳: et שֹׁפ׳: Jos 8:33 (R:D), and ( + רָאשִׁים) 23:2 (R:D), 24:1 (E, or R:D); שֹׁט׳: as minor judges also Dt 1:15; הַמְשָֽׁרְתִים אֶת־הַמֶּלֶח שֹׁט׳: 1 Ch 27:1, chosen from Levites 2 Ch 19:11, 34:13 (+ סוֹפְרִים, שׁוֹעֲרִים); as title of individ. 26:11 (‖הַסּוֹפֵר ); of ant, אֵין־לָהּ קָחִין שֹׁטֵר וּמשֵׁל Pr 6:7.
† שִׁטְרַי n.pr.m. an official of David, 1 Ch 27:29 Kt ( > Qr שִׁרְטַי); Ασαρταις, Σατραι.
† [מִשְׁטָר] n.m. rule, authority;—sf. מִשְׁטָרוֹ Jb 38:33 (of heavens over earth).
† שַׁי n.m. gift offered as homage (√ dub.; perh. in spite of שׁ = ش, Ar. شَيِئَ, vb. wish, شَيْءُ thing (weakened fr. thing desired); cf. חֵפֶץ 4.);—יוּבַל שׁ׳: Is 18:7, יֹבִילוּ שׁ׳: Ps 76:12, שָָׁי יוֹב׳: 68:30.
שׁיא n.pr.m. 2 S 20:25 Kt, v. שְׁוָא p.996
† שִׁיאוֹן n.pr.loc. in Issachar, Jos 19:19, Σιωνα, Σηω.
† שִׁיבָה v. ישׁב II. שִׁיבָה v. שׁוב p.444, 1000
† [שָׁיָה] vb. only Qal Impf. apoc. תֶָּשִׁי חוּר יְלָֽדְךָ Dt 32:18, but < read תִּשֶּׁה (II. נשׁה) the Rock which begat thee thou forgattest, Sam. תשא, Di Dr.
† שִׁיזָא n.pr.m. in Reuben, 1 Ch 11:42, Σαιζα, Σιζαι.
[שִׁיחַ], שִׁתחָה v. שׁוח p.1001
† שִׁיחוֹר n.pr.flum. on border of Egypt, prob. E. branch of Nile;—הַשּׁ׳: Jos 13:3, מִחְרַיִם שׁ׳: 1 Ch 13:5; clearly = Nile, זֶרַע שִׁחֹר Is 23:3 (‖יְאוֹר קְחִיר ), מֵי שִׁחוֹר Je 2:18; cf. Dl:Pa 311 Wilson:Hast. DB SHIHOR (usu. derived from I. שׁחר, as black water, but doubtful). p.1007
† שִׁיחוֹר לִבְנַת n.pr.flum. in Asher, Jos 19:26; τῷ Σειων[ρ] καὶ Λαβαναθ; poss. Nahr ez Zerḳâ, S. of Carmel, and just N. of Caesarea, Wilson:Hast. DB SHIHOR LIBNATH, but v. Buhl:G 105.
שַׁיִט v. I. שׁוט. p.1002
שִׁילוֹ, שִׁלוֹ n.pr.loc., שִׁילֽנִי etc., v. שִׁלֽה. p.1017–18
† שִׁילֽה Gn 49:10, appar. n., but prob. = שֶׁלּוֹ he whose it is, or that which belongs to him, v. infra; views are: (1) שִׁיל (= שָׁלִיל, NH embryo, + sf. הֹ֯ = his son, Targum Jer Rabb Calv); (2) שִׁלוּ, שִׁילוֹ n.pr.loc (q.v.) Herder De and most (until recently); (3) n.pr. of Messiah, AVRV Münster (1534) on basis of Talm Sanh 98:b; groundless; (4) Jer שׁלה = שָׁלֻחַ, qui mittendus est; (5) שֶׁלּֽה = לוֹ + שֶׁ, Targum:Onk. whose is the kingdom, SyrVer whose it is, so Aphr Ephr LXX ε[ως α]ν ἔλθη τὰ ἀποκείμενα αὐτῷ (Codd. ᾧ ἀπόκειται); so Sam. שלה, cf. אֲשֶׁר לוֹ הַמִּשְׁפָּט Ez 21:32, Aq Sym Theod Saad; this reading best, but exact transl. not certain; v. Dr:JPhil. xiv (1885), 1 ff. Gn. 418 ff. Br:MP 95 ff., intr. 238 ff. Poznanvski:Schiloh (1904).
שׁילל v. שׁלל. p.1021
† שִׁימוֹן n.pr.m. in Judah, 1 Ch 4:20, Σεμ(ε)ιων, Σαμι.
שׁין (√ of foll.; cf. As. šînu, Iphte. istîn, urinate; šînâti (pl.), urine; vb. also Eth. 3ena: Aram. ܬܘܢ, ܬܳܢ; v. Ar. مَشَانَةُ bladder (Wahrm)).
† [שַׁ֫יִן, שֵׁין] n.[m.] urine;—pl. sf. שֵׁינֵיהֶם 2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12 (both Kt; Qr מֵימֵי רַגְלֵיהֶם).
† [שָׁתַן] vb. Hiph. urinate (secondary √ from above);—Pt. מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר (i.e. a male person) 1 S 25:22, 25:34, 1 K 14:10, 16:11, 21:21, 2 K 9:8 (all of exterminating a family).
שׁיר (√ of foll., cf. Nö:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 537).
† שִׁיר:77 n.m. song (NH id.; so Ecclus 40:21 +);—שׁ׳: abs. Ju 5:12 +, cstr. 2 Ch 29:27 +; sf. שִׁירִי Ps 28:7, etc.; pl. שִׁירִים 1 Ch 13:8, Ct 1:1; שִׁרִים Gn 31:27, Pr 25:20; sf. שִׁרֶ֫יךָ Am 5:23, etc.;—
1. lyric song, + מָשָׁל 1 K 5:12, opp. קִינָה Am 8:10; joyous Gn 31:27 (J) Is 30:29; עגבים שׁ׳: Ez 33:32; triumphal Ju 5:12; love song Ct 1:1, 1:1 (title שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים), Ps 45:1 (שִׁיר יְדִידֹת); noisy Am 5:23 Ez 26:13, in drunken revels Is 24:9, cf. 23:16; כסילים שׁ׳: Ec 7:5; not for sorrow Pr 25:20, Ps 137:3, 137:3; בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ec 12:4 songstresses (prob. birds).
2. religious song, in worship, ‖תפלה Ps 42:9; usu. praise, הלל בשׁיר 69:31; מִשִּׁירִי אֲהוֹדֶנּוּ 28:7; שִׁרִ תְּהִלָּה וְהוֹדוֹת Ne 12:46; שׁיר י׳: Ps 137:4, 2 Ch 29:27; שׁיר חדשׁ Is 42:10 (fresh outburst), + 6 t., v. חָדָשׁ; in Psalm-titles, שׁיר 46:1, cf. Is 26:1; שׁיר המעלות pilgrim songs Ps 120:1 + 14 t. (v. II. מַעִַלָה p.752); c. מִמְוֹר Ps 48:1 + 12 t. (v. מִז׳: p. 274); מַשְׁכִּיל שִׁיר 45:1 (שׁ׳: orig. alone in all except 30:1, 92:1, 108:1, v. Br:JBL xviii (1899), 138).
3. specif. song of Levitical choirs, with musical accomp., 1 Ch 6:16, 6:17, 13:8 (so read also ‖ 2 S 6:5 for בְּרוֹשִׁים, LXX Th and mod., cf. ב׳:), 25:6, 25:7, 2 Ch 23:18, 29:28, Ne 12:27; שׁיר(ה)כלי instrument to accompany song 1 Ch 15:16 + 6 t. (v. כְּ לִי 2 b); cf. Am 6:5.
† שִׁירָה n.f. song (pl. ירות[שׁ] Ecclus 39:15);—abs. שׁ׳: Ex 15:1 + 9 t.; cstr. שִׁירַת Is 5:1, 23:15; pl. cstr. שִׁירוֹת Am 8:3 (rd. שָׁרוֹת LXX Hoffm:ZAW iii (1883) We al.);—song, ode, Ex 15:1 (E), 2 S 22:1 = Ps 18:1, Dt 31:19, 31:19, 31:21, 31:22, 31:30, 32:44, Nu 21:17 (E) Is 5:1, 23:15.
† [שִׁיר]:86 vb. sing (denom. acc. to Nö:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 537 Gerb:172, but, if so, an old one);—Qal:49 Pf. 3 ms. שָׁר Ps 7:1; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיר Ex 15:1 Nu 21:17 (read יָשִׁר Jb 33:27 for יָשִׁר, √II. שׁוּר, so SS Bu Gerb; in this sense also Ew De Di RV and all mod.); 3 fs. וַתָּ֫שַׁר Ju 5:1, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁירוּ Ex 15:21 +; Inf. cstr. לָשׁוּר 1 S 18:6 Kt ( < Qr לָשִׁיר, so Bu; LXX:B om., cf. Dr Kit:Kau HPS Now); Pt. שָׁר Pr 25:20; pl. שָׁרִים 2 S 19:36 +; f. שָׁרוֹת 2 S 19:36 + 2 t. + Am 8:3 (read for שִׁירוֹת; v. שִׁירָה);—sing, c. acc. שִׁיר Is 42:10, Ps 33:3 + 5 t.; שִׁירָה Ex 15:1, Nu 21:17 (E) Is 5:1; בשׁרים שׁ׳: Pr 25:20; מִשִּׁיר שִׁיּוֹן Ps 137:3; שׁגיון 7:1 (LXX מזמור), תהלה 106:12; c. acc. of theme 59:17, 89:2; abs. Ju 5:1, 1 S 18:6; c. לְ Ps 13:6, 96:1, 96:2 = 1 Ch 16:23, Ex 15:1, 15:21, Je 20:13; ‖זמּר Ps 68:5, 68:33, 101:1, 104:33, 105:2 = 1 Ch 16:9, Ju 5:3; + זמּר abs. Ps 57:8 = 108:2 c. acc. theme 21:13; c. לְ pers. 27:6; of nature 65:13 (after החְרוֹעֵעַ); על אנשׁים Jb 33:27 (v. supra); pt. שָׁרִים singers 2 S 19:36, 1 K 10:12 + 6 t. (Ez 40:44 read שְׁתַּיִם LXX Hi Co mod.); שָׁרוֹת songstresses 2 S 19:36, 2 Ch 35:25, Ec 2:8 + Am 8:3 (v. supra).—Ps 138:5 rd. וְיָשִׂיחוּ. Pō‘l.:36 Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרְרוּ Jb 36:24; Impf. 3 ms. יְשׁוֹרֵר Zp 2:14; Pt. מְשׁוֹרֵר 1 Ch 6:18, 2 Ch 29:28; pl. מְשֹׁרְרִים Ezr 2:65 +, etc.;—sing: birds Zp 2:14; men Jb 36:24; elsesh. pt. of Levitical singers 1 Ch 6:18, 9:33 + 31 t., + fpl. Ezr 2:65 songstresses = Ne 7:67. †Hoph. be sung: Impf. יוּשַׁר הַשִׁיר הַזֶּה Is 26:1
† שַׁ֫יִשׁ n.[m.] alabaster (foreign word? NH id.; Aram. שַׁיְשָׁא ܫܺܝܢܳܐ, perhaps As.šaššu );—אַבְנֵי־שׁ׳: 1 Ch 29:2 (material of temple); cf. Patrick:Hast. DB MARBLE.
† II. שֵׁשׁ n.m. id.;—עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳: Ct 5:15 (in fig.), Est 1:6 a, material of pavement v:6b (v. בַּ֫הַט).—I. שֵׁשׁ v. שׁדשׁ. p. 995
† שִׁישָׁא n.pr.m. Solomon’s time, 1 K 4:3, Σαβα, Σεισα, LXXL Σαφατ; cf. שְׂרָיָה.
† שִׁישַׁק n.pr.m. king of Egypt, Solomon’s time (10th cent. B.C.), 1 K 11:40, 14:25 Qr (Kt שושק), = 2 Ch 12:2, 2 Ch 12:9, שִׁישָָׁק v:5, v:5, v:7; = Šešonḳ I, first king of 22nd dynasty, Blau:ZMG xv (1861), 233 ff. Steind:BAS i. 351; = Sošenk WMM:As. u. Eur. 166 ff,; Ency. Bib. SHISHAK; cf. Griffith:Hast. DB SHISHAK. p. 1004
† שִׁית vb. put, set (Nö:Beitr. z. Sem. Sprachwiss, 39 f.; cf. Ph. שת Lzb:375; Ecclus שית Pt. pass. 31:27 (?); v. also (Nö:l. c. 41) Syr. ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ quality, appearance);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שָׁת Gn 4:25 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫תָה 1 S 4:20 +, 2 ms. שַׁ֫תָּה Ps 8:7 שַׁ֫תָּ 90:8, sf. שַׁתַּ֫נִי 88:7, 88:9, 1 S. שַׁ֫תִּי 73:28 +; 3 pl. שָׁ֫תוּ Ex 33:4 + 3 t., metapl. יָשִׁית Ps 49:15, 73:9 (other forms not found); Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁית Ex 21:22 +, juss. יָשֵׁת Jb 9:33, וַיָּ֫שֶׁת Gn 30:40 +; 3 fs. sf. וַתְּשִׁתֵ֫חוּ Ru 4:16, תְּשִׁיתֵ֫מוֹ Ps 21:10 +, 1 S. sf. אֲשִׁתֶ֫נּוּ 1 K 11:34; Imv. ms. שִׁית Pr 27:23, שִׁיתָ֫ה Ps 9:21, 141:3; fs. שִׁ֫תִי Je 31:21, etc.; Inf. abs. שֹׁת Is 22:7; cstr. שִׁית Jb 30:1 +; Pt. pass. וְשִׁית (Je 13:16 Qr, but rd. Kt יָשִׁית); sf. שִׁתִי Ex 10:1;—
1. put, lay hand upon, עַל, Gn 46:4 (E), 48:14, 48:17 (J), Jb 9:33, Ps 139:5; c. עִם in evil partnership, Ex 23:1 (E); put ornaments, עַל pers., 33:4 (J); cf. 1 S 2:8, Is 15:9, Jb 22:24, Ru 3:15; lay child into (ב) bosom Ru 4:16; put wisdom, ב loc., Jb 38:36, cf. Pr 26:24; אָשִׁית עֵחוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי Ps 13:3, i.e. take counsel, plan; סַחְסִי בי׳: Ps 73:28; put things תַּחַת רַגְלָיו 8:7; lay (penalty) עַל pers. Ex 21:22 (E), sin Nu 12:11 (E), cf. (c. אֲשֶׁר = where) Ps 84:4; nearly = give (נתן), acc. + ל pers. Gn 4:25 (J; explan. of name שֵׁת), appoint Ps 9:21.
2. a. set, station, sheep לְבַדּוֹ Gn 30:40, cf. לאֹ שָׁתָם עַל v:40 (J); acc. pers. = appoint (עַל over) 41:33 (E); set לָמוֹ pers. (ל 3 b) + ב loc. Ps 73:18, so (acc.) 88:7 and (obj. pers. om.) 12:6, set crown לְראֹשׁוֹ 21:4, set one (מִן partit.) לְכִסֵּא 132:11; set pers. among (ב pers.) 2 S 19:29, Je 3:19, cf. (עִם) Jb 30:1; set watch לְפִי Ps 141:3, snares לִי 140:6, enmity, בֵּין pers. Gn 3:15 (J); iniquities לְנֶגְדֶָּךָ Ps 90:8, cf. 101:3; set, direct face, אֶל loc. Nu 24:1 (J), eyes לִנְטוֹת בָּאָרָץ Ps 17:11. b. in phr. לֵב לְ שׁ׳: set one’s mind to, give heed, attention (cf. שׂוּם 2 b), Ex 7:23 (E), 2 S 13:20, Je 31:21, Ps 48:14, Pr 22:17, 27:23, c. אֶל Jb 7:17, abs. 1 S 4:20, Ps 62:11; Pr 24:32 I reflected. c. set, fix, נְּבוּל Ex 23:31 (E; c. עַד מִן:), תָּשִׁית לִי חֹק Jb 14:13 wouldst fix me a limit, 38:11 (וּפאֹ יָשִׁית בִּגְאוֹן גַּלָּיךָ De al. here shall one fix it [the boundary, חֹק, v:10] = it shall be fixed against, etc.: but explan. very forced: Me Kau יִשָּׁבֵר ג׳:, Bi Bu יִשְׁבֹּת ג׳:
3. constitute, make one something, 2 acc., 1 K 11:34 I will make him prince, Is 5:6, 26:1, Je 22:6, Ps 21:7, 84:7, 88:9 ( + למוֹ ind. obj.), 110:1, 2 S 22:12 ‖ Ps 18:12; תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שֶָׁכֶם 21:13 = thou wilt make them (all) shoulder, make them turn their back, flee (cf. 18:41); acc. + ל make something into Je 2:15 = 50:3, 13:16, Ps 45:17 ( + ב loc.); acc. + כ comp. make one like Ho 2:5 (‖שִׂים ), Is 16:3, Ps 21:10, 83:12, 83:14; acc. only, make, prepare, feast Je 51:39, cf. שָׁת קָחִיר לָח Ho 6:11 (rd. poss. שִׁית, pt. pass.), make darkness Ps 104:20; = perform signs, ב loc. Ex 10:1 (J).
4. internally trans., = take one’s stand (cf. שִׂים 4 a) הַפָּרָשִׁים שֹׁת שָׁתוּ הַשָָּׁעְרָה Is 22:7; c. עַל־י׳: (against) Ps 3:7.—יָשִׁית מִמֶּנִּי Jb 10:20 (Kt; > Qr Imv. וְשִׁית) is dub., יָשִׁית = יָשֵׁת: De direct (attention) away from me, cf. Di (ellipsis of יָד, פָּנִים, or לֵב), Du (sc. יָד; reads Imv.); Lag (so Bu) prop. יִשְׁבֹּת, Siegf (יָדוֹ) יָוֵב, LXX Beer (best) שְׁעֵה (7:19), with יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי (LXX Bu Be Du) for יָמַי יחדל prob. rightly. Hoph. (or Qal pass. Ges:§ 53 u), Impf. 3 ms. יוּשַׁת Ex 21:30 (E) if a ransom be imposed עָלָיו, v:30.
† שִׁית n.m. garment (Nö:Beiträge, 41 f., cp. Syr. ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ appearance, and qu. שִׁיֻּת?);—cstr. שִׁית זוֹנָה Pr 7:10; fig. חָמָס Ps 73:6 (v. II. עטף).
† שֵׁת n.pr.m. third son of Adam; Gn 4:25; (where expl. from √ שִׁית), v:26, 5:3, 5:4, 5:6, 5:7, 5:8, 1 Ch 1:1; Σηθ—In כָּל־בְּנֵי־שֵׁת Nu 24:17 (poem in J), read prob. שֵׁאת tumult (cf. La 3:47), or שְׁאֵת (v. sub נשׂא), cf. Gray.—II. שֵׁת, v. II. שׁתה. p. 1059
† [שָׁת] n.m. (Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 84) foundation, stay (of society) (√ שׁית Thes Kö:ii. l. 172);—pl. הַשָּׁתוֹת יֵהָרֵסָוּן Ps 11:3 (prob. fig. of established usages, laws, etc., Vulgate leges, Sym. θεσμοί, so Hup-Now Bae Che(1888) al.; > Thes al. of nobles); Thes puts here also שָֽׁתֹתֶ֫יהָ Is 19:10 (so MT probably intends), which Ew Di Kit then interpret of working-classes, ‖עשֵֹׁי שֶׂכֶר; but perh. opp. of this, the upper classes, so as to include all ranks of society, Thes De Che:Comm.; Che:Hpt Buhl al. שֹׁתֶיהָ weavers of it (cf. Du Marti), v. III. שׁתה. p. 1059
† שַׁ֫יִת n[m.] coll. thorn-bushes (connex. with above √ dub.; Dietr:Abh.73 cp. (improb.) שׁאה devastate, אִיָּה ruin, whence שׁ׳: wild, rough growth);—alw. c. שָׁמִיר: abs. שׁ׳: Is 7:23, 7:24, 9:17, 27:4 (cf. Du); שָָׁיִת 5:6, 7:25; sf. שִׁיתוֹ 10:17 (fig. of Assyr.).
שָׁכַב (Lag:BN 63) vb. lie down (NH = BH; שכב Ecclus 47:23 (in death), משכב bed 40:5, 47:20 d, = death bed 46:19; Ph. שכב, משכב (v. מ׳:
1. infr.), Lzb:375; Eth. sakaba: lie, Aram שְׁכַב, ܫܟܰܒ; Nab. משכבא couch; Ar. سَكَبَ only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (cf. Hiph. infr., and Lag:BN 63));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Gn 26:10 +, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁכַּב Gn 30:15 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׁכְּבֻן 1 S 2:22, יִשְׁכָּבָוּן Jos 2:8, Jb 30:17, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁכַב 2 S 13:5, Ez 4:4, שִׁכְבָה Gn 39:7; 39:12, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁכֹב Lv 15:24; cstr. שְׁכַב 1 K 1:21 +, sf. שָׁכְבוֹ Ru 3:4, שִׁכְבָהּ Gn 19:33, 19:35, שָׁכְבְּךָ Dt 6:7 + 2 t.; Pt. שֹׁכֵב Gn 28:13 +, f. שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת Mi 7:5, Ru 3:8, etc.;—1. lie down (sometimes opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ): a. Ju 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + כָּרַע, נָפַל). b. to sleep, Gn 19:4 (J), 28:11 (E), 1 S 3:5, Dt 7:7, Pr 6:22 + oft.; read וַיִּשְׁכַּב also (for וַיַּשְׁכֵּם) 1 S 9:26 LXX Th We Dr and mod.; שׁ׳: + יָשֵׁן sleep 1 K 19:5, Ps 3:6, 4:8, cf. Pr 3:24, 3:24, + נִרְדָּם Jon 1:5; = be lying 1 S 3:2, 3:3, 26:5 (all בְּ loc.), v:7, 4:5 (acc. cogn. noon-repose), 2 S 13:8, cf. שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם Pr 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Ec 4:11; + be sleeping 1 S 26:7 = keep lying, c. עַד Ju 16:3, 1 S 3:15, Ru 3:13, Pr 6:9; emphasis on resting, Lv 26:6 (H), Jb 11:18; token of mourning, וְשָׁכַב אָָרְחָה (וְלָן) 2 S 12:16, cf. 13:21, בַּשָּׂק שׁ׳: 1 K 21:27, בֵּין שְׁפַתָָּיִם שׁ׳: Ps 68:14 (of indolence?); fig. of prostration by disease 41:9; among foes 57:5; of humiliation Je 3:25; c. עַל rei: land Gn 28:13 (J), usu. bed 2 S 13:5, 1 K 21:4, Lv 15:4, 15:24, 15:26, cf. v:20, for midday repose 2 S 4:7. c. lie on (עַל) one’s side Ez 4:4, 4:4, 4:6, 4:9 (symbol.). d. lie, עַל pers. 1 K 3:19 (fatally), 2 K 4:34 (to revive). e. lie בְּחֵיק, of lamb (i.e. be cherished) 2 S 12:3, of woman Mi 7:5 (intimacy), 1 K 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Gn 19:33, 19:35 (of woman, v. 3. infr.; both opp. קוּם).
2. = lodge (for night), (שָׁ֫מָּה) שׁ׳: Jos 2:1 (E), 2 K 4:11, cf. 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Lv 14:47 (בְּ loc.).
3. of sexual relations, lie with: subj. man, c. עִם Gn 30:15, 30:16, 39:7, 39:12, 39:14 (J), Ex 22:13 (E), Dt 22:22 + 8 t. Dt., 2 S 11:4, 11:11, 12:11, 12:24, Lv 15:33; c. אֶת fem. with (MT אֹתָהּ, etc., orig. אִתָּהּ, etc., v. Dr:2 S 13:14 and II. אֵת, p. 85:a supra), Gn 26:10, 34:2, 34:7, 35:22 (all J), 1 S 2:22 (om. LXX and mod.), 2 S 13:14, Ez 23:8 (fig.), Lv 15:24 (שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב), Nu 5:19, also (c. acc. cogn. שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע) v:13, Lv 15:18, 19:20; c. acc. (sf.) fem. Dt 28:30 Kt (v. [שָׁגֵל]); c. אֵחֶל fem. Gn 39:10 (J); c. אֵת vir. (sodomy), Lv 18:22, 20:13 (both H; c. acc. cogn. מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה); c. עִם־בְּהֵמָה Dt 27:21, Lv 22:18 (H); subj. woman, c. עִם vir. Gn 19:32, 19:34, 19:35 (J) 2 S 13:11; אֵת vir. Gn 19:33, 19:34 (cf. 1 e supra).
4. a. lie down in death, Is 14:8, 43:17 (opp. קוּם), Ez 31:18, 32:27, 32:28, 32:29, 32:30, Jb 14:12 (opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ), וְאֶשְׁקוֹט שׁ׳: 3:12; be lying (dead) Is 51:20, La 2:21. b. esp. in phr. עִם אֲבוֹתָיו שׁ׳: lie down with his fathers, of kings 1 K 1:21, 2:10 + 35 t. K Ch, cf. Gn 47:30 (J) Dt 31:16, and (c. אֵת) 2 S 7:12 c. in grave, בְּבֵיתוֹ Is 14:18 (opp. מִקִּבְרְךָ), שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר Ps 88:6; לֶעָפָר Jb 7:21, עַל־ע׳: 20:11, 21:26; in Shₑ’ôl Ez 32:21; in Gehenna (?) Is 50:11.
5. fig. = relax: Jb 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, לִבּוֹ לאֹ שׁ׳: Ec 2:23. † Niph. Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. woman), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph. Pu. q.v. † Hiph. lay, Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁכִּיבָה c. acc. puer. + בְּחֵיק 1 K 3:20, so Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ v:20, cf. (עַל־מִטָּה) 17:19, 2 K 4:21; Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּב אוֹתָם אַ֫רְחָה 2 S 8:2 making them lie down on ground; Impf. also lay בַּמִּשְׁכָּב 2 Ch 16:14 (of burial); נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּיב Jb 38:37 i.e. tip them so that contents may flow out (cf. Ar. سَكَبَ supra). † Hoph. Pt. מֻשְׁכָּב 2 K 4:32 laid עַל־מִטָּה; Pf. consec. וְהֻשְׁכַּב Ez 32:32 shall be laid (in death), c. בְּתוֹח et אֵת pers. (with); so Imv. ms. הָשְׁכְּבָה v:19 (c. אֵת pers. only).
† [שְׁכָבָה] n.f. act of lying, layer;—only cstr. שִׁכְבַת all P;—
1. act of lying, as acc. cogn. c. שׁכב 3: שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Lv 15:18 a man lies with her a lying of seed (in copulation), cf. 19:20, Nu 5:13; then ( = semen), תֵּחֵא שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Lv 15:16, 15:32, 22:4 (+ מִמֶּנּוּ), ז׳ :שׁ׳: alone 15:17.
2. layer of dew, שִׁכְבַת הַטָָּל Ex 16:13, 16:14 (P).
† [שְׁכֹ֫בֶת Lag:BN 179 Ba:NB 144] n.f. copulation;—sf., all c. נָהַן: וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־שְׁכָבְתּוֹ Nu 5:20 (P; בְּ fem.); לאֹ תִתֵּן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ לְזָ֑רַע Lv 18:20 (אֶל fem.), בְּכָל־בְּהֵמָה לאֹ תִתֵּן שׁ׳: v:not found33, cf. 20:15 (all H).
מִשְׁכָּב:46 n.m.:Lv 15:4 place of lying, couch; act of lying;—abs. מ׳: 1 K 1:47 +, cstr. מִשְׁכַּב 2 S 4:5 +; sf. מִשְׁכָּבִי Jb 7:13 +, מִשְׁכַּבְכֶם Ps 4:5; pl. cstr. מִשְׁכְּבֵי Gn 49:4 +, sf. מִשְׁכְּבוֹהָם Ho 7:14 +, etc.;—
1. couch, bed (37 t.), 2 S 4:11, Ho 7:14, Mi 2:1, 1 K 1:47, Ct 3:1 +; וְנָפַל לְמ׳: Ex 21:18 (E) he takes to his bed; נִדָּתָהּ מ׳: Lv 15:26 (P; v. sub I. נדד); מ׳: as place of copulation Gn 49:4 (poem in J), Is 57:7, 57:8, 57:8, Pr 7:17; as place of burial Is 57:2, Ez 32:25, 2 Ch 16:14 (v. מ׳: Inscr. Tabnit:8 and perh. Jewish inscr. Cooke:341). †
2. act of lying: a. in gen., חֲדַר מ׳: chamber of lying down = bed-chamber, Ex 7:28 (E), 2 S 4:7, 2 K 6:12, בְּחַדְרֵי מִשְׁכָּֽבְךָ Ec 10:20; הַצָּהֳרַיִם והוּא שֹׁכֵב אֵת מ׳: 2 S 4:5 his noon-day siesta; 17:28 rd. perh. עַרְשׂת מ׳: couches for lying down Klo Bu HPS Now, cf. LXX. b. (from context) sexually: of woman מִשְׁכַּב (אִישׁ לְ)יֹדַעַת זָכָת Ju 21:11, 21:12, Nu 31:17, 31:35 (P); of man שׁכב מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה Lv 18:22, 20:13 (+ אֶת־זָכָר sodomy; H); דֹּדִים מ׳: Ez 23:17.
† [שָׁכָה, so most] vb. Hiph. Pt. as adj. in סוּסִים מוּזָנִים מַשְׁכִּים הָיוּ Je 5:8 usu., horses... roaming at large they have become (cf. Eth. sakuya:);—but mng. lustful needed; Aq Theod ἔλκοντες, Jer trahentes (sc. genitalia), i.e. משְׁכִים; read with Arnheim Du Dr מַאֲשָׁכִים, i.e. fed stallions (lit. growing אֲשָׁכִים, Lv 21:20; cf. מַקְרִין, מַפְרִים).
שָׁכַח:102 vb. forget (NH id.; Ecclus 45:26 c and (Pi.) 11:25, 11:25; Aram. שְׁכַךְ, ܫܟܰܚ is find);—Qal:86 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Ps 9:13 +, sf. שְׁכֵחָָנִי Is 49:14; 2 fs. שָׁכַחְתְּ Je 13:25; 1 pl. sf. שְׁכַחֲנוּךָ Ps 44:18, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁכַּח Dt 4:31 +, etc.; Imv. fs. שִׁכְּחִי Ps 45:11; Inf. abs. שָׁכֹךְַ; Pt. pl. cstr. שֹׁכְחֵי Jb 8:13, Ps 50:22;—forget:
1. subj. man, a. acc. rei Gn 27:45 (E), Dt 4:9, 9:7 (opp. זָכַר) +, = forget and leave, ב loc., 24:19; c. obj. cl. c. בִּי Jb 39:15; c. מִן inf. Ps 102:5. b. c. acc. pers., involving forgetting to mention, Gn 40:23 (E; opp. זכר), ceasing to care for Je 30:14 (fig.), Is 49:15, 49:15 (acc. om.), v:15, Jb 19:14, Ps 45:11; c. acc. Jerusalem 137:5a; יִשְׁכָּחֵהוּ רֶחֶם Jb 24:20; abs. Ps 137:5b תּשְׁכַּח יְמִינִי: AE Ki supply הַמַּעֲשֶׂה or הַנִּגּוּן (whence AV her cunning), but forced: LXX תִּשָּׁכַח; read prob. (Gr Bu al.) תִּכְחַשׁ let it grow lean (109:24, cf. Zc 11:17), or (Che) תְּכַחַשׁ let it disappoint (me), fail (Hb 3:17). c. esp. c. acc. י׳: (God), Ho 2:15, 8:14, 13:6, Ju 3:7, 1 S 12:9, Is 17:10, Dt 8:19 (שָׁכֹחַ תִּשׁ׳:) + 16 t. (5 t. Dt, 4 t. Je), + Ps 59:12 (acc. om.); also acc. of divine name Je 23:27 (בַּבַּעַל), Ps 44:21; commands of י׳: Ho 4:6, Dt 26:13 (acc. om.) Ps 119:16 + 7 t. Ps 119, his doings and ways, v:139, 78:7, 78:11, 103:2, 106:13, his covenant Dt 4:23, 4:31, 2 K 17:38, Pr 2:17; law of wisdom 3:1, sc. acc. בִּינָה 4:6.
2. subj. י׳: (God): a. acc, pers. Ho 4:6, 1 S 1:11 (opp. זָכַר), La 5:20, Is 49:14 (‖עָזַב ), Ps 10:12, 13:2, 42:10. b. acc. of sins Am 8:7, Ps 10:11 (acc. om.), cry Ps 9:13 (opp. זָכַר), cf., of distress, 44:25. c. voice of foes Ps 74:23. d. sq. inf. Ps 77:10. † Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁכַּח Ec 9:5, etc.; Impf. יִשָּׁכַח Ps 9:19, 3 fs. תִּשָּׁכֵחַ Je 20:11, etc.; Pt. fs נִשְׁכָּחָה Is 23:16, נִשְׁכַּחַת v:15, pl. נִשְׁכָּ חִים Jb 28:4;—be forgotten: subj. rei Gn 41:30 (E), Dt 31:21, Je 20:11, 23:40, 50:5, Is 65:11; subj. pers. Ps 9:19, 31:13, Ec 2:16, Tyre Is 23:15, 23:16 (under fig. of harlot), subj. זִכְרָם Ec 9:5; מִנִּי רָָגֶל הַנִּשׁ׳: Jb 28:4. † Pi. Pf. 3 ms. וגו׳ :שִׁכַּח י׳: La 2:6 י׳: hath caused to forget (be forgotten) in Zion assembly and sabbath. † Hiph. Inf. לְהַשְׁכִּיחַ Je 23:27 to make my people forget my name (2 acc.). † Hithp. Ipmf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ Ec 8:10 they were forgotten in the city.
† [שָׁכֵחַ] adj. forgetting, forgetful;—pl. הַשְּׁכֵּ חִים אֶת־הַר ק׳: Is 65:11 they who forget the mt. of my holiness (‖ עֹזְבֵי י׳:); cstr. שְׁכֵחֵי א׳: Ps 9:18 all nations forgetful of God (cf. שֹׁכְחֵי pt., Jb 8:13, Ps 50:22).
† [שָׁכַךְ] vb. decrease, abate (NH שְׁכִיכָה is allaying of anger; שִׁכֵּח אֹזֶן soothe, satisfy the ear (so appar. Dalm), i.e. allow it to hear and understand, cf. Levy:NHWB (and Ar. سَكَّ be narrow have small ears, be deaf, Frä:90);—Ar. َكّ v. humble oneself, Wahrm humiliate);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּשֹׁכוּ Gn 8:1 the waters abated; Inf. cstr. כְּשֹׁח Est 2:1 when abated the king’s wrath, so Pf. 3 fs. שָׁכָָכָה 7:10.—כְּשַׁח יְקוּשִׁים Je 5:26 usu. like the bending, crouching, of fowlers (this meaning for שַׁח dub.; Dr כְּשֻׁר Du del. ישׁור כשׁ, then rds. :יִלְכֹּדוּ מוֹקְשִׁים הִצִּיבוּ בַּשַּׁחַת א׳:). Hiph. pf. 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׁכֹּ תִ֫י מֵעָלַי Nu 17:20 I will allay from upon me the murmurings (acc.), etc.
† [שָׁכֹל, שָׁכַל Lag:BN 26] vb. be bereaved (= Ar. شَكِلَ Targum תְּכוֹל, תְּכֵל; cf. Syr. ܬܟܳܠܳܐ loss of children);—Qal Pf. 1 s. כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכֹלְתִּי שָׁכָָלְתִּי Gn 43:14 (E) if I am bereaved, I am bereaved (of father, expr. resignation; on כָָלְ v. Ges:§ 29 u); Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁכַּל 27:45 (E), c. acc. pers. be bereaved of you both (of mother); 3 fs. תִּשְׁכַּל מִנָּשִׁים אִמֶָּךָ 1 S 15:33 thy mother shall be bereaved above (more than) women. Pi. Pf. 3 fs. שִׁכְּלָה 1 S 15:33 +, sf. וְשִׁכְּלָָתָּה Ez 14:15, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תְּשַׁכֵּל Dt 32:25 +, 2 fs. תְּשַׁכְּ לִי Ez 36:14 Qr (v. כָּשַׁל Pi.); Inf. cstr. sf. לְשַׁכְּלָם v:12; Pt. מְשַׁכֵּלָה Ex 23:26, כֶּ֫לֶת- Ez 36:13, כָּ֫לֶת-—2 K 2:19, 2:21;—
1. make childless, acc. of father Gn 42:36 (E), of mothers 1 S 15:33 (subj. חֶרֶב), cf. Ez 5:17 (subj. famine and beasts), and 14:15 (id.; obj. land); acc. of people Ho 9:12 (מֵאָדָם), Je 15:7 (+ אִבַּתְִּי), Ez 36:12, cf. v:13, v:14 (v. supra); obj. om. (subj. חֶרֶב) Dt 22:25, La 1:20, Ez 21:19 (Co, for תִּכָּפֵל, v. כָּפַל p.495:b; otherwise Toy Krae).
2. a. cause barrenness, or abortion, הָאָרֶץ מְשַׁכְּ׳: 2 K 2:19, cf. v:21 (Thes otherwise, v. מְשׁ׳: infra). b. shew barrenness, or abortion, (1) of any female Ex 23:26 (E; + עֲקָרָה), animals Gn 31:38 (E) Jb 21:10; (2) of vine Mal 3:11. Hiph. Pt. רֶהֶם (וְשָׁדַיִם חֹמְקִים) מַשְׁכִּיל Ho 9:14 miscarrying womb.—Je 50:9 read מַשְׂכִּיל successful, LXX SyrVer Heb Codd. Ew Hi Gf Gie.
† שְׁכוֹל n.[m.] bereavement, loss of children;—לאֹ אֵדַע שׁ׳: Is 47:8 (‖אַלְמָנָה ), cf. v:9; fig. Ps 35:12.
† [שָׁכוּל] adj. childless (through bereavement);—fs. שְׁכוּלָה Is 49:21 (fig. of Zion);—on form v. Ba NB 47.
† שַׁכּוּל adj. bereaved, robbed of offspring (Ba:§ 37 c);—esp.דֹּב שׁ׳: 2 S 17:8, Ho 13:8, Pr 17:12 (sim. of fierceness); נְשֵׁיהֶם שַׁכֻּלוֹת Je 18:21; שַׁכֻּלָה אֵין בָּהֶם Ct 4:2 (of flock, in sim.) = 6:6.
† [שִׁכֻּלִים] n.pl. abstr. bereavement, childlessness;—בְּנֵי שִׁכֻּלָָיִךְ Is 49:20 i.e. sons of thee, the bereaved.
† מְשַׁכֶּ֫לֶת acc. to. Thes n.f. abstr. barrenness, 2 K 2:21 (‖מָוֶת); if so, read < כֹּלֶת- Klo Kit; but probably Pi. Pt. as v:19, cf. Bur. p. 1013
שׁכם (√ of foll., meaning unknown; NH Hiph. = BH; Eth. has denom. sakama:: carry on the shoulder; Ar. سَكَم, is take short steps, from weakness (Ḳam Frey)).
I. שְׁכֶם n.m. Zp 3:9 shoulder;—abs. שׁ׳: Gn 48:2 +, שְׁכֶָם 33:19 +, שֶָׁכֶם Ps 21:13 (whence orig. *šakm inferred Ol:§ 147 a ad fin. Sta:§ 199 a; but ֶ֯ der. from ִ֯ before כ, Ba:NB 104 Kö ii.1.67, 506); cstr. שְׁכֶם Gn 9:23; sf. שִׁכְמוֹ 49:15 +, שִׁכְמָה (for שִׁכְמָהּ Ges:§ 91 e) Jb 31:22, etc.;—
1. shoulder (sometimes incl. back of neck; כתף = shoulder-blade): a. as bearing burdens, לִסְבֹּל וַיֵּט שׁ׳: Gn 49:15 (poem in J; Issach. under fig. of ass), cf. 21:14 (E), 24:15, 24:45, Ex 12:34, also Gn 9:23 (all J), Jos 4:5 (E), Ju 9:48, Is 10:27 (‖חַוָּאר ), 14:25 (both fig.), Ps 81:27, so, metaph., of responsibility of rule Is 9:5, 22:22= (symbolized by key), of accusation as (easy) burden Jb 31:36; fig. also אֶחָד לְעָבְדוֹ שׁ׳: Zp 3:9 to serve him (with) one shoulder (as one man), of. Syr. ܚܰܕ ܟܳܬܦܳܐ. b. in statement of Saul’s height, מִשִּׁכְמוֹ וָמַ֫עְלָה גָּכֹהַּ מִכָּל־הָעָם1 S 9:2, cf. 10:23 and (with play on n.pr. loc. שְׁכֶם) אַהַד עַל־אַחֶיךָ נָתַתִּי לְךָ שׁ׳: Gn 48:22 (E; cf. Dr).
2. in gen. back: כְּהַפְנֹתוֹ שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת מֵעִם 1 S 10:9; so תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שׁ׳: Ps 21:13, i.e. make them turn (in flight; cf. וְאוֹיְבַי נָתַתָּה לִי עֹרֶף, 18:41); as beaten מַטֵּה שׁ׳: Is 9:3 (‖שֵׁבֶט הַנֹּנֵשׂ בּוֹ ); more anatom. תִפּוֹל כְּתֵפִי מִשּׁ׳: Jb 31:22 let my shoulder blade fall from its back.—Ho 6:9 v. II. שְׁכֶם below
שִׁכְמָה v. foregoing.
† II. שְׁכֶם n.pr.loc.:49 et m.:14 (Συχεμ; LXXL oft. Σίκιμα Lag BN 57):
1. district in N. Palestine (prob. shoulder (saddle ?) of mount.);—מְקוֹם שׁ׳: Gn 12:6, שְׁכֶָמָךְ 37:14; = city (שְׁכֶָמָה שְֶׁכֶם, Ho 6:9 שֶָׁכְמָךְ) Jos 24:1; עִיר שׁ׳: Gn 33:18 + 20 t. Ju 9 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳: v:2 + 12 t., מִגְדַּל־שׁ׳ :ב׳: v:46, v:47), Ho 6:9 + 21 t. (עִיר שׁ׳: Gn 33:18); city of refuge Jos 20:7, 21:21, 1 Ch 6:52.—WMM:As. u. Eur. 394, cp. Egypt. Sa-ka-ma; (cf. Jen:ZA x (1895) 356); mod. Nablûs (from Rom. name Neapolis); v. Buhl G 200 f. GASm:G 332 ff. 345 Wilsons:Hast. DB SHECHEM.
2. n.pr.m. (on connexion with 1 cf. Ju 9:28), ‘son’ of Hamor, also Gn 33:19, 34:2 + 10 t. 34, Jos 24:3.
† שֶׁ֫כֶם n.pr.m. in Manasseh (Συχεμ): Nu 26:31, 1 Ch 7:19; בְּכֵי־שׁ׳: Jos 17:2.
† שִׁכְּמִי adj. gent. of שֶׁכֶם, c. art. as n. coll. הַשּׁ׳: Nu 26:31.
[שָׁכַם] vb. Hiph. denom. start, rise, early (prop. load backs of beasts for day’s journey);—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁכִּים 2 S 15:2, Jb 1:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּשְׁכֵּם Gn 19:27 +, 2 ms. תְּשְׁכִּים Ju 9:33, etc.; Imv. הַשְׁכֵּם Ex 8:16 +; Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּם Je 7:25 +, כֵּים- Je 44:4, Pr 27:14, erron. אַשְׁכֵּים Je 25:3 (Ges:§ 53 K); Pt. מַשְׁכִּים Ho 6:4 +, etc.,—rise early, make an early start, of journey (Hex only JE); לְדַרְכְּכֶם Ju 19:9 (+ מָחָר), cf. Ct 7:13; + vb. of going Gn 19:2 (J), standing 2 S 15:2 (cf. Dr), encamping Ju 7:1, etc.; + inf. 1 S 15:12 (cf. Dr), 29:11, 2 K 6:15 (לָקוּם), מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם Ps 127:3 (opp. מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת); usu. c.בַּבֹּקֶר Gn 19:27 (J; אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם), 1 S 29:10, 29:10 + 27 t., + (hyperbol.) שֵׁכָר מַשְׁכִּימֵי בַבּ׳: יִרְדָֹּפוּ Is 5:11 (‖מְאַחֲרֵי בֵנֶּשֶׁף ); c. מִמָּחֳרָת Ex 32:6 (E), Ju 6:28 + 3 t.; c. בַּעֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר Jos 6:15 (J), 1 S 19:26; וַיְמַהֲרוּ וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ וַיֵּחְאוּ Jos 8:14 (J) they made a quick and early start; and went out; † Inf. abs. (Ges:§ 113 s) as adv. וְהַעֲרֵב הַשׁ׳: 1 S 17:16 at early morning and at evening; esp. of י׳:, in Je: הַשׁ׳: וְדַבֵּר = speaking early and often 7:13, 35:14 and (of Je) 25:3, cf. 11:7, 32:33; oft. וְשָׁלוֹחַ הַשׁ׳: = sending early and often 7:25, 24:4, 26:5, 29:19, 35:14, 44:4, also 2 Ch 36:15; so vb. fin. הִשְׁכִּימוּ הִשְׁחִיתוּ, Zp 3:7 = with eagerness they corrupted (Ges:§ 120 g); pt. הֹלֵח כַּטַּל מַשְׁ׳: Ho 6:4 l1 Ke the dew departing early, 13:3 (Ges:ib.).—1 S 9:26 read וַיִּשְׁכַּב, v. שׁכב p. 1011
שָׁכַן, שָׁכֵָן vb. settle down, abide, dwell (NH id.; Ecclus 43:17 d +; Ph. שכן Lzb:375; Aram. שְׁכֵין; Syr. ܫܟܶܢ, all dwell; Ar. سَكَنَ rest, dwell, cf. As. šakânu, set, lay, deposit, set up (a dwelling), intrans. be situated (of city), maškanu, place, dwelling-place);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Ex 40:35 + 5 t.; שָׁכֵָן Dt 33:12 + 2 t., etc.; Impf. 3 ms.יִשְׁכֹּן Gn 16:12 +; יִשְׁכָּן־ Nu 9:17 + 2 t.; 3 mpl. יִשְׁכָֹּנוּ Je 49:31; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁכָֹּנָּה Ez 17:23, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁכֹן Gn 26:2, Ps 37:27; שְׁכָן־ v:3; mpl. שִׁכְנוּ. Je 48:28; Inf. cstr. בִּשְׁכֹּן (Ges:§ 45 g) Gn 35:22, לִשְׁמֹּן 2 Ch 6:1, etc.; sf. שָׁכְּ נִי Ex 29:46; שִׁכְנוֹ Dt 12:5 (but v. Pi. 1), etc.; Pt. שֹׁכֵן Gn 14:13 +, שֹׁכְּ נִי (Ges:§ 90 l m) Dt 33:16 + 3 t.; sf. fs. שֹׁכַנְתְּי Je 51:13; Pt. pass., appar. pl. cstr. c. art, הַשְּׁכוּנֵי Ju 8:11 (but corrupt, n.pr.loc. needed, v. GFM):—
1. settle down to abide: a. of pers.: encamp Nu 24:2 (E); settle permanently Ps 102:29 (abs.: ‖יִכּוֹן); כמלך שׁ׳: Jb 29:25 (‖ישׁב ); settle down (to remain) Ju 5:17; תַּחְתָּיו 2 S 7:10 = 1 Ch 17:9 (not to be removed); esp. at rest, peace, in security, לבטח Je 23:6, 33:16, Dt 33:12, cf. בין כתפים v:12; Ps 16:9 (‖ שׂמח); בטח Dt 33:28, Pr 1:33; בדד(ל) Nu 23:9 (poem) Je 49:31, Mi 7:14; land of Egypt Je 46:26 (remain undisturbed), so 50:39, Is 13:20 (‖תֵּשֵׁב , cf. ישׁב 4); c. מרומים 33:16; abs. Na 3:18, subj. אדּירים (We רָֽשְׁנוּ, Now יִשְׁכְּבוּ; ‖נָמוּ ); Pr 7:11 her feet tarry not in her house. b. of animals: כְּלָבִיא Dt 33:20; ב loc. Is 34:11, Jb 37:8; שָׁם Is 13:21; birds תַּחַת שׁ׳: (under) Ez 17:23, בְּחֵל שׁ׳: v:23; c. עַל = upon 31:13, = by Ps 104:12; c. acc. סֶלַע Jb 39:28; abs., of man under fig. of bird, אָע֫וּפָה וְאֶשְׁכָֹּנָה Ps 55:7. c. things: c. עַל of cloud, Jb 3:5 settle down over; cf. Ex 24:16, 40:35, Nu 9:17, 9:18, 9:22 (a11 P); c. בְּ 10:12 (P).
2. abide, dwell: a. of men: abs. Ps 37:27 (לְעוֹלָם); שָׁ֫מָּה Is 65:9; c. ב loc. Ps 69:37, Jb 18:15, 30:6, Mi 4:10, Je 48:28 + 10 t.; לְחוֹף יִמִּים Gn 49:13; c. עַל, by Ju 5:17, Je 51:13; upon Psalm37:29; על פני Gn 16:12 (J); c. עִם with Ps 120:5, 120:6; c. acc. Pr 2:21, Je 17:5 + 5 t.; עַד מִן: Gn 25:18 (J); שֹׁכְנֵי אָָרֶץ Is 18:3 (‖ישְׁבֵי תֵבֵל). b. of the dead: שֹׁכְנֵי עָפָר Is 26:19 (‖רְפָאִים ); cf. Jb 26:5 (‖ id.), so mortals; שֹׁכְנֵי בָתֵּי תֹמֶר 4:19; דוּמָה שׁ׳: Ps 94:17 (i.e. שׁאול). c. of God: בָּֽעֲרָפֶל שׁ׳: 1 K 8:12 = 2 Ch 6:1 (poem); מָרוֹם Is 33:5; עַד 57:15; מָרוֹם וְקָדוֹשׁ v:15; סְנֶה Dt 33:16 (theoph.); בְּאָֽהֳלֵי־שֵׁם Gn 9:27 (J, v. Br:MP 82; al. Japheth subj.); בְּתוֹכָם Ex 25:8, 29:46, Nu 5:3 (all P), Ez 43:9; c. בְּתוֹח elsewh. Ex 29:45 (P) + 6 t.; ב loc. Ps 85:10; later בְּחִיּוֹן Jo 4:17, 4:21; חִיּוֹן Is 8:18; Ps 68:17, 68:19 (abs.) + 4 t.; שֹׁכֵן יְרוּשָׁלִַם Ps 135:21. d. things: אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, c. את Lv 16:16 (P); שָׁם מִשְׁכַּן י׳: Jos 22:19 (P); אוֹר Jb 38:19. e. abstr. subj,: מִשְׁפָּט Is 32:16 (בַּמִּדְבָּר); חָכְמָה c. acc. עָרְמָה Pr 8:12. † Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁכֵּן Ps 78:60; 1 S. שִׁכַּנְתִּי Je 7:7, 7:12; Impf. 1 S. אֲשַׁכְּנָה Je 7:3; Inf. cstr. שַׁכֵּן Nu 14:30 + 7 t.; sf. שַׁכְּנוֹ Dt 12:5 (so read for MT לְשִׁכְנוֹ, cf. Kö:ii. l. 21);—1. make settle down, establish: בָּֽאָדָֽם אֹהֶל שׁ׳: Ps 78:60 esp. in Dt, לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם establish his name there (cf. šakan šuma as Canaanism Wkl:TelAm.138 Rev. 20; 181.6) Dt 12:11, 14:23, 16:2, 16:6, 16:11, 26:2, cf. Je 7:12, Ne 1:9; + לָשׂוּם אֶתִ־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם לְשִׁכְנוֹ Dt 12:5 (rd. לְשַׁכְּנוֹ). 2. make to dwell: c. acc. pers., ב loc., Nu 14:30 (J) Je 7:3, 7:7. †Hiph. Pf. 1 S. הִשְׁכַּ֫נְתִּי Ez 3:24; Impf. 3 ms. juss. כבודי לעפר Ps 7:6, וַיַּשְׁכֵּן Gn 3:24, Ps 78:55, etc.;—1. a. lay, כבודי לעפר lay my honour in the dust (of death); place, set, Gn 3:24 (J); place, establish, אהל מועד at Shilo Jos 18:1 (P). b. cause birds to settle, עַל Ez 32:4. 2. cause to dwell, c. acc. pers., ב loc., Ps 78:55; cf. Jb 11:14.
† [שֵׁ֫כֶן?] n.m. dwelling;—sf. שִׁכְנוֹ Dt 12:5 (cf. שכן dwelling Ecclus 14:25), but v. √ Pi. above
† שָׁכֵן adj. inhabitant, neighbour;—שׁ׳: Is 33:24 +; cstr. שְׁכַן Ho 10:5; sf. שְׁכֵנוֹ Ex 12:4; שְׁכֵָנ֑יִכְי 2 K 4:3 etc.; f. sf. שְׁכֶנְתָּהּ Ex 3:22; fpl. שְׁכֵנוֹת Ru 4:17;—
1. inhabitant, Is 33:24, Ho 10:5.
2. neighbour: woman Ex 3:22 (E); pl. Ru 4:7; man Ex 12:4 (P) Je 6:21, Pr 27:10, pl. 2 K 4:3; of places Dt 1:7; nations, to Judah Ez 16:26, Ps 79:12; (נוּ)חֶרְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵי 44:14, 79:4, cf. 31:12, 89:42; מָדוֹן לשׁ׳: 80:7; to Edom Je 49:10; to Sodom v:18, 50:40; to י׳: 11:4 (because to his people).
מִשְׁכָּן n.m. Ex 26:6 dwelling-place, ‘ tabernacle ’;—מ׳: Ex 25:9 +; cstr. מִשְׁכַּן 38:21 +, etc.; pl. cstr. מִשְׁכְּנֵי Psalm46:6 (LXX Bae Du מִשְׁכָּנוֹ, < מִשְׁכַּן י׳:); sf. מִשְׁכְּנֵיהֶם Ez 25:4 (< משׁכנתיהם, ‖טִירוֹתֵיהֶם ), מִשְׁכָּנוֹת Hb 1:6, Ps 132:5; cstr. מִשׁכְּנוֹת 87:2 +, etc.;—†
1. dwelling-place: מִשְׁכַּן־קֹרַח דָּתָן וַאֲבִירָם; Nu 16:24, 16:27 (P) [but here orig. מִשְׁכַּן י׳:; v. Comm.]; poet. = tomb, Is 22:16.
2. elsewhere in sg. always of abode of י׳:: † a. in gen., of temple, קְדשׁ מ׳: Psalm46:5; מִשְׁכַּן כְּבוֹדֶָךָ 26:8; שְׁמֶָךָ מ׳: 74:7.b. מִשְׁכַּן שִׁלוֹ 78:60. c. הַמּ׳: in P, of י׳:’s ‘ dwelling ’ (Ex 25:9 RVm; rendered conventionally ‘ tabernacle ’), of planks lined with vari-coloured tapestry, with a ‘ tent ’ (אֹהֶל) over it, filled with כְּבוֹד י׳: Ex 40:34, 40:35; over it cloud שׁכן Nu 9:18, 9:22 (during the wanderings); its plan given by י׳: Ex 25:9, 26:30; disting. from אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד the ‘ tent ’ over it (cf. אֹהֶל
3.), Ex 26:7, 26:12, 26:13, 36:14, 40:19; †מִשְׁכַּן י׳: Lv 17:4 (H), Nu 16:9, 17:28, 19:13, 31:30, 31:47, Jos 22:19 (v. also 1.), 1 Ch 16:39, 21:29, 2 Ch 1:5, 29:6; † הָעֵדֻת מ׳: Ex 38:21, Nu 1:50, 1:53, 1:53, 10:11; אהל מועד מ׳: Ex 39:32, 40:2, 40:6, 40:29, 1 Ch 6:17, מִשְׁכַּן בֵּית הָאֱלֽהִים v:23, cf. נָשָׂא אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן 23:26; cf. מִשְׁכָּן (prob. gloss on אהל), 2 S 7:6 ‖ 1 Ch 17:5, + 76 t. P. 3. pl. מִשְׁכָּנוֹת, dwellings (only poet.): a. of Israel, Nu 24:5 (poem; ‖אהלים ), Je 30:18, Is 54:2 + 4 t.; of other nations Je 51:30, Hb 1:6, cf. Ez 25:4 (v. supra); עַוָּל מ׳: Jb 18:21; רשׁעים מ׳: 21:28; of wild ass 39:6(‖בית ); shepherds Ct 1:8; = tomb Ps 49:12 (cf. 1). b. God’s abode in Zion Ez 37:27, Ps 132:5, 132:7, cf. 43:3, 84:2 (‖ חַחְרוֹת י׳:).
† ((וּ)שְׁכַנְיָ֫ה) n.pr.m. (י׳: hath taken up his abode);—שְׁכַנְיָה, Σεχενια(ς), etc.:
1. descendant of Jehoiakin 1 Ch 3:21, 3:22 (on context v. Kit), Ezr 8:3, 8:5.
2. Ezr 10:2 (diff. from 1 ?).
3. father of a wall-builder Ne 3:29.
4. father-in-law of Tobiah Ne 6:18.
5. priestly name: a. Ne 12:3 = שְׁכַנְיָ֫הוּ 1 Ch 24:11, cf. שְׁכַנְיָה 3 Ne 10:5, 12:14. b. שְׁכַנְיָ֫הוּ 2 Ch 31:15.
† I. [שָׁכַר] vb. be, or beocme, drunk, drunken (NH id., der. spec. and deriv.; Ecclus 40:18, 40:20 שכר strong drink; Ar.سَكِرَ be drunken, also be full, سَكَرَ fill; As. šikaru; = שֵׁכָר, šikaru, drunken, perhaps also vb. šakâru; Eth.sacra:: Aram. שִׁכְרָא, ܫܰܟܪܳܐ = שְׁכָר, esp. date-wine (Löw p. 125), cf. ܫܟܰܪ be drunken, usu. (der. spec.) defle, deform, etc.; from שֵׁכָר, Egypt. &aubtà-k-av-k-ïra WMM As. u. Eur. 102, Gk. σί̀κερα, Lewy Fremdw, 81);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁכְרוּ Is 29:9; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁכָָּרGn 9:21, 3 mpl. יִשְׁכָּרָוּן Is 49:26, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁכְרוּ Je 25:27 Ct 5:1; Inf. cstr. Hg 1:6; Pt. pass. שְׁכֻרַתIs 51:21 (Ges:§ 130 b Lag:BN 60);—become drunken Gn 9:21 (J), of social drinking 43:34 (J), Ct 5:1, token of plenty Hg 1:6; fig. of nations staggering helplessly under calamity Je 25:27, 51:21(וְלאֹ מִיָּ֑יִן), of Na 3:11; of infatuation Is 29:9 (וְלאֹ יַיִן), of disgrace La 4:21, self-destruction, כֶּעָסִיס דָּמָם יִשׁ׳: Is 49:26. Pi. make drunken: Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְשַׁכְּרֵהוּ 2 S 11:13, lit.; fig. 1 s. (sf. of people) וַאֲשַׁכְּרֵם (read וָ׳:) Is 63:6 (subj. י׳:) I made them drunk in my wrath (but MSS Ges Hi Ew Che Kit Marti al. וָאֲשַׁבְּרֵם I brake them in pieces); Pt. fs., of Bab., מְשַׁכֶּרֶת בָּל־הָרֶץ Je 51:7; cf. Inf. abs. שַׁכֵּר Hb 2:15 (i. e. terrorizing nations; read prob. הַשְׁקֵה וְאַף שׁ׳: We Now). Hiph. id.: Pf. 1 s. וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּ֫י Je 51:27 (subj. י׳:) i.e. make princes helpless, וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים v:39; Imv. mpl. sf. הַשְׁכִּירֻהוּ obj. Moab, i.e. make helpless and disgraced 48:26; Impf. 1 s אַשְׁכִּיר חְצַּי מִדָּם Dt 32:42.—Ruben:JQ xi (1889), 446 prop. מַשְׁכִּירוֹת Ho 7:5 for משׁך ידו את. Hithp. Impf. 2 fs. תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִין 1 S 1:14 how long wilt thou make thyself drunken [a drunken spectacle] ?
† שֵׁכָר n[m.] intoxioating drink, strong drink (Ba:NB § 71);—alw. שׁ׳: abs.; usu. ‖וַיִן (exc. Ps 69:13): Is 29:8; usu. condemned, Is 5:11, 5:22, 28:7, 28:7, 28:7, 56:12 (נִסְבְּאָה שׁ׳:), Mi 2:11, 1 S 1:15, Pr 20:1; forbidden to priests on duty Lv 10:9 (P) ; not for princes Pr 31:4; nor Nazirite Nu 6:3, Ju 13:4, 13:7, 13:14, cf. חֹמֶץ שׁ׳: Nu 6:3; שׁוֹתֵי שׁ׳: Ps 69:13 drunkards; but שׁ׳: as common drink Dt 29:5 (opp. to miraculous), allowable in sacrif. meal 14:26, commended for weak and weary Pr 31:4; נֶסֶךְ שׁ׳: Nu 28:7(P; for יַיִן v:14); v. further Kennedy:Ency. Bib. iv. 5309 f.—On form cf. Lag:M ii. 357; BN 51.
† שִׁכֹּר, שִׁכּוֹר adj. drunken (Ba:NB § 134 b);—abs. שִׁכֹּר 1 S 25:36, שִׁכּוֹר 1 K 16:9 +, f. שִׁכֹּרָה, 1 S 1:13, pl.שִׁכּוֹרִים Jo 1:5, cstr. שִׁכֹּרֵי Is 28:1, 28:3;—drunken: 1 S 25:36, אִישׁ שׁ׳: Je 23:9, שֹׁתֶה שׁ׳: 1 K 16:9 drinking (and) drunken, 20:16; as subst. = drunken one, drunkard Is 28:1, 28:3, Pr 26:9, pl. Jo 1:5 (‖שֹׁתֵי יַיִן ); in sim. Is 19:14, Jb 12:25, Ps 107:27, and (of earth) Is 24:20; f. of drunken woman 1 S 1:13.
† שִׁכָּרוֹן n.[m.] drunkenness;—שׁ׳: only fig.: Je 13:13, Ez 23:33 (Co Berthol Krae שַׁכָּרוֹן, not Toy), both of bewilderment and helplessness under calamity; from drinking blood 39:19.—Vid. Lag:BN 202, cf. 199.
† [שִׁכְּרוֹן] n.pr.loc. on NW. border of Judah, c. ה loc. וֹנָה- Jos 15:11, Σοκχωθ, LXXL Σαχαρωνα.
II. שׁכר (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).
† אֶשְׁכָּר n.[m.] gift;—abs.שׁ׳: Ps 72:10(‖מִנְחָה ); sf. אֶשְׁכָּרֵךְ Ez 27:15.
† שַׁל in לְַ־הַשַּׁל 2 S 6:7 is disputed; LXX:B om.; A LXXL τῇ προπετείᾳ, for his hastiness (prob. from Aram.; cf. ܡܶܢ ܫܶܠܝܳܐ = suddenly), Vulgate temeritatep; Targun על דאשתלי because he acted in error (Aram. שְׁלִי, שְׁלָא err: v. BAram. שָׁלוּ), hence AV RV for his error; < Th We Dr Bu Now fragm. of [ח יָדוֹ עַל] שָׁלַ [אֲשֶׁר] עַל, ‖ 1 Ch 13:10.
שֶׁל Ct 1:6, 3:7 al.; בְּשֶׁל Ec 8:17; v. שֶׁ 4 d. p. 980
שַׁלְאֲנָן Jb 21:23 lapsus cal. for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v. (cf. perles:Anal.82).
† [שָׁלַב] vb. Pu. be bound, joined (NH Pu. = BH; שְׁלִיבָה rung of ladder; Aram. שְׁלִיבִין appar. only 1 K 7:28, 7:29, ܫܰܠܒܳܐ, ravine, narrow path between mountains; Ar. سَلَبَ is seize, carry off, by force);—Pt. fpl. מְשֻׁלָּבֹת Ex 26:17 tenons joined each to (אֶל) its fellow, 36:22 (both P).
שְׁלַבִּים n.[m.] pl. joinings of bases (Vulgate juncturae);—בֵּין הַשׁ׳: 1 K 7:28, 7:29, עַל־הַשְּׁ׳: v:29; AV RV ledges, ribs (Kit) or frames (Benz), joining or binding the parts together.
שׁלג (√ of foll., unless loan-word; NH = BH, Ecclus 43:17 c שלגו his snow; Ar. شَلْجُ. Aram תַּלְגָא, ܬܰܠܓܳܐ, As. šalgu).
† שֶׁלֶ֫ג n.m. Is 55:10 snow;—abs, שׁ׳: Is 1:18 +, שָָׁלֶג Ex 4:6 +; cstr. שֶׁ֫לֶג Je 18:14;—snow, 2 S 23:20 (יוֹם הַשּׁ׳:) = 1 Ch 11:22, Jb 6:16 37:6 (‖גֶּשֶׁם מָטָר ) Ps 147:16, 148:8 ( + אֵשׁ, בָּרָד, קִיטוֹר); מֵימֵי שׁ׳: Jb 24:19, cf. 9:30 Qr (בְּמֵי, < Qr בְּמוֹ De Di Bu al., snow as purifying; v. also [מַי]; poet. אִחְרוֹת שׁ׳: 38:22 (‖בָּרָד א׳:); symb. of cold Pr 31:21; as moistening, fertilizing Is 55:10 (‖גֶּשֶׁם ); on mountains, fig. of normal habit, לְבָנוֹן שׁ׳: Je 18:14; sim. of whiteness, of leprosy Ex 4:6 (J), Nu 12:10(E), 2 K 5:27; c. מִן comp,, of fair skin La 4:7 (‖חָלָב ); sim. of sins, יַלְבִּינוּ כַּשּׁ׳: Is 1:18, cf. Ps 51:9 (מִן comp.); sim. of refreshment Pr 25:13 (drink cooled by snow, v. reff. in DeToy), of the unfitting בַּקַיִץ כַּשּׁ׳: 26:1 (‖מָטָר ).—On snow in Pal. v. Nicol:Hast. DB SNOW.
†[שָׁלַג] vb. denom. Hiph. snow;—lmpf. 3 fs. תַּשְׁלִג (Ges § 109 k), impers. Ps 68:15 it snows on Salmon (meaning obscure).
† I. [שָׁלָה, שָׁלֵו] vb. be quiet, at ease (Ecclus 47:13 שלוה prosperity, 41:1c שליו prosperous, at ease; ܫܠܳܐ be tranquil, quiet, ceaee; Targum שְׁלָא, שְׁלי be at ease, then be careless, thoughtless, go astray [for Heb. שָׁגָה, שָׁגַג] Aph. neglect (God, etc.), BAram. Targum שָׁלוּ error; Ar سَلَا (و) be. forgetful, neglectful, content, free (fr. anxiety));—Qal 1. be, (have) quiet: Pf. 1 S. שָׁלַיְתִּי Jb 3:26. 2. be at ease, prosper, of wicked, 3 pl. שָׁלוּ Je 12:1, La 1:5, also Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁלָ֫יוּ (Ges.§ 75 u) Jb 12:5, and (of good) Ps 122:6 (יֵ֫שֶׁל Jb 27:8 v. II. שׁלח). Niph. Impf. 2 mpl. תִּשָּׁלוּ juss. 2 Ch 29:11 be not negligent (easy-going; Germ. ‘bequem’). Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. תַּשְׁלֶה juss. 2 K 4:28 do not mislead me (cf. תְּכַזֵּב v:16), strong Aramaism, whence Klo תַּשְׁגֶּה.
† [שָׁ֫לוּ Ges: § 84 a c Lag BN:142] n.[m.] ease, prosperity (Perles:Anal. 80 delusion; cf. Aram. שָׁלוּ error, sub √, e.g., Gn 43:12);—sf. שַׁלְוִי Ps 30:7 (cf.De Bae); < read שַׁלְוָתִי (or שַׁלְוֹתַי Bi), Ol Hup-Now Du al. (> Sta Hup think שׁלוי abbreviated from שׁלותי).
† [שְׁלִי] n.[m.] quietness;—בַּשֶָּׁלִי 2 S 3:27, i.e.quietly, privately (cf. ܒܫܶܠܝܳܐ often in the same sense PS:4167).
I. שֵׁלָה v. שְׁאֵלָה. p. 982
† II. שֵׁלָה n.pr.m. son of Judah, Σηλωμ[ν]: Gn 38:5, 38:11, 38:14, 38:26 (J), 46:12 (P); Nu 26:20 (P), 1 Ch 2:3, 4:21.
† שֵׁלָנִי adj. gent. of foreg.: c. art. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳: Nu 26:20 (P). So rd. also 1 Ch 9:5, Ne 11:5, v. שִׁילֽנִי. p. 1018
† שָׁלֵו (Lag:BN 43), שָׁלֵרוּ, שְׁלֵרו adj. quiet, at ease;—
1. of pers. at ease, שָׁלֵו Jb 16:12, שָׁלֵיו 21:23 (Kö:ii. 1.83); of nation, שְׁלֵיו (poss. diminutive (Kö ii. l.144) Je 49:31 (‖יוֹבֵ לָבֶטַח ); prosperous, of city fs. שְׁלֵוָה Zc 7:7; of wicked, mpl. cstr. וְשַׁלְוֵי עוֹלָם Ps 73:12 (Renan:H. iii. 131 prop. עֲוִילִים).
2. of land, quiet, שְׁלֵשׁלֵוָה 1 Ch 4:40 (‖שֹׁקֶטֶת ).
3. in לאֹ יָדַע שָׁלֵו בְּבִטְנוֹ Jb 20:20 שׁ׳: is appar. n.a.abstr. quiet, ease, so Di De al. read שַׁלְוָח Siegf Bu, Du (after LXX) לאֹ שָׁלֵו בְּמַטְמֹנוֹ; שָׁלֵו Ez 23:42 is corrupt, Hi Co Bertho1 (cf. Da) שָׁרוּ sang, Toy שָׁרִים, Krae רִים.
† שַׁלְוָה n.f. quietness, ease;—abs. שׁ׳: Ps 122:7 +; cstr. שַׁלְוִת Ez 16:49, Pr 1:32; pl. sf. שַׁלְוֹתַ֫יִח Je 22:21(< שַׁלְוָתֵחVrss Gie);—quietnees, peace, Pr 17:1 (opp. רִיב), Ps 122:7, (‖שָׁלוֹם ); ease, careless security, Ez 16:49 (שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט), Pr 1:32; prosperity, Je 22:21, Dn 8:25, 11:21, 11:24; בְּ׳: in(time of) security (of sudden attack), if not unawares (Thes Ew Hi Ke al.); cf. ܡܶܢܫܶܠܝ lit. lit. out of quiet, i.e. suddenly, unawares (e.g. 1 Macc 1:30 = ἐξάπινα), מִן שִׁלְיָא Targum Pr 3:25, 6:15 ( = פִּתְאֹם), Ps 30:7 v. [שָׁ֫לוּ]. above
† II. [שָׁלָה] vb. draw out, extract (si vera l.; =שָׁלַל; Syr. ܫܠܳܐ (e.g. Ex 2:10), Targum:Jer שְׁלִי (e.g.Lv 11:17));—Qal Impf. 3ms. apoc. (Ges § 109 k) כִי וֵ֫שֶׁל אֱלוֹהַּ נַפְשׁוֹ Jb 27:8 (De); < read יָשֹׁל, or יִשּׁל (√ llv) Di; Schnurrer We Siegf Bu Du יִשְׁאַל demandeth; Perles:Anal. 48 יִשָּׂא אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ.
† [שִׁלְיָה] n.f. after-birth (= Ar.سَلَّا, Aram. שִׁילְיְתָא, ܫܠܺܝܬܳܐ);—sf. שִׁלְיָתָהּ Dt 28:57.
† שִׁלוֹ, שִׁולוֹ, שִׁלהֹ n.pr.loc. (orig. שִׁלוֹן, v. adj.gent. (otherwise Ba:NB § 224 b), which also shews that √ שׁול, שׁיל, was posited when text of K was fixed, cf. Dr:2 S 15:12);—שִׁלוֹ Ju 21:19, 1 S 1:24, 3:21, 14:3, Je 7:14 (on destruction of S. v.We 2 S 8:17), 26:9, 41:5, מִשְׁכַּן שׁ׳: Ps 78:60; שִׁילוֹ Ju 21:21, 21:21, Je 7:12; שִׁלהֹ Jos 18:1, 18:8, 18:9, 18:10, 19:51, 21:2, 22:9, 22:12 (all P or R), Ju 18:31, 21:12, 1 S 1:3, 1:9, 2:14, 3:21, 4:3, 4:4, 4:12, 1 K 2:27, 14:2, 14:4, Je 26:6 (var. שִׁלוֹ in all these [21 t.] given by Gi as Qr).—Σηλωμ, Σηλω(ν).—Mod. Seilûn, c. 91/2 m. NNE. of Bethel: (Beitîn), Buhl:G 178 Dr:Hast. DB SHlLOH.
† שִׁילֽנִי, שִׁילוֹנִי etc., adj. gent. of foreg.: הַשִׁילֽנִי of Ahijah 1 K 11:29, 15:29, הַשִּׁלֽנִי, 12:15; הַשִּׁילוֹנִי 2 Ch 9:29; הַשִּׁלוֹנִי 10:15; also הַשִּׁילוֹנִי (coll.) 1 Ch 9:5, in ‖ Ne 11:5 הַשִּׁלֽנִי without n.pr.m., but in both these read לָנִי(י)הַשֵּׁ Be Ke Ryle Gu:Hpt Siegf:Ne Buhl, etc.; v. II. שֵׁלָה. p.1017
שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת v. p. 529a supr.
I. שָׁלַח:844 vb. send (NH id.; Ecclus 48:18 +; Aram. שְׁלַךְ, ܫܠܰܚ, So:Buhl Ba:Es 41 cp. Ar. سَرَحَ (r = l), send forth, drive cattle to pasture, send messenger, etc., but then diff. √ for I. שֶׁלַךְ, Ar. سِلَاحُ, سِلَحُ weapon; As. prob. šalû (send, hurl?), whence tešlitu, command);—Qal:562 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Gn 42:4 + 2 ms. sf. שְׁלַחְתָָּנִי Ex 5:22, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַח Gn 3:22 +, 2 fpl. תִּשְׁלַ֫חְנָה Ez 23:40 (Ju 5:26 read תִּשְׁלָחֶנָּה? Ges § 47 k); Imv. ms. שְׁלַךְ 1 S 20:31 +, mpl. שְׁלָָחוּ 2 K 2:17; Inf. abs. ךְַ(וֹ)שָׁל Nu 22:37 +; cstr. שְׁלֽתַ v:15 +, שְׁלַךְ Is 58:9, sf. שָׁלְחֶָךָ Gn 38:17 etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁלֵךְַ Ex 9:14 +, etc.; שָׁלוּחַ 1 K 14:6 +, etc.,—
1. send: human subj., esp.a. acc. pers. Gn 42:4, 43:8 (both J; c. אֵת with, pers.) Nu 22:15 (E) + oft., c. ל rei for which Je 14:3; sq. אֶל pers. Gn 37:13(J), 2 S 11:6, Ne 6:5 +; rarely c. ל pers. Gn 32:19(J; pass.), אֶל, loc. 2 Ch 16:4, ב loc. 1 S 11:3, ל loc. 1 K 5:28, acc. loc. 2 K 22:3, ה- loc. + מֵעַל pers. 2 S 13:17, מִן loc. Gn 37:14 (J), Nu 13:3 (P), etc.; sq. inf. purpose 1 S 25:14 ( + מִן loc.), 2 K 1:16, Je 40:14 +, אֶל pers. c. inf. purpose 2 S 10:3, Je 42:9 +, c. ו subord. 2 K 5:6, c. vb. fin. actionis Ex 2:5 (E), sent her maid and took, +, etc. (many combinations); acc. pers. alone 24:5 (E), Jos 7:22(E), 2 S 10:7 + oft. b. less oft. acc. rei (sometimes c. בְּיַד of agent), c. אֶל pers. 1 S 16:20, 2 K 5:5, 20:12 +, 1 K 5:23 (= designate by sending unto), ל pers. Ju 3:15, 1 K 5:22 +, אֶל loc. Est 1:22, שָׁ֫מָּה 2 K 6:14; + inf. purpose 1 Ch 19:4, Est 4:4; + vb. fin. action. Ps 105:28; acc. of kid, alone, Gn 38:23 also (acc. om.) v:17, etc. c. very oft,. without obj.: + vb. fin. action., send and do so and so, Gn 27:45(E), 2 K 11:14, Jb 1:5 +; c. אֶל pers. Ho 5:13, 2 S 11:6 +, esp. + לֵאמֹר Gn 38:25(J), 1 K 20:5(oft. SK), Je 29:28 +; c. inf. purpose Gn 32:6 (J), Nu 21:32 (J), 1 S 22:11 +, etc. (and so 1 S 31:9 reading וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ, for Pi., Th We Dr Now, not HPS Bu); abs. 2 K 2:16, 2:17, 2 S 14:29; = send to inquire 1 K 20:17, etc.
2. send: subj. י׳: (God), a. acc. pers. Gn 45:5; (E; לִפְנֵי pers.), 1 S 15:18 (בְּדָָרֶךְ), + אֶל pers. 2 S 12:1; acc. of angel, לִפְנֵי pers. Gn 24:7, Ex 33:2 (both J), אֵת with Gn 24:40(J), etc.; c. acc. pers. = commission Ex 3:12 (E), Ju 6:14, Is 6:8, Je 14:14, 14:15 + oft. Je, Zc 2:13 +; also (c. אֶל pers.) Ex 3:13 (E), Je 25:4, Ez 3:6 +, etc.; esp. of sending prophet, (שָׁלַךְ), הַשְׁכֵּם וְשָׁלוֹחַ Je 7:25 + (v. [שָׁרַם] ); acc. pers. + inf. purpose 1 S 15:1, Je 19:14 +; + עַד loc. 2 K 2:2, acc. loc. v:4, הָ֯ loc. v:6, etc. b. c. acc. rei, plagues Ex 9:14 (c. אֶל־לֵב, ב pers.), fig. arrows 2 S 22:15 = Ps 18:15( + vb.fin. action.), Ps 144:6, cf. Je 25:16 al.; his word Is 9:7 (ב gent.), 55:11 (אשׁר to which), Zc 7:12 (ב agent.), Ps 107:20 (+ vb. fin. action.), 147:15 (+ acc. אֶרֶץ); acc. help 20:3 (מִן loc.), light and truth 43:3 (+ vb. fin. action.), cf. 57:4
3. stretch out, esp. acc. hand: a. human subj., c. ב pers. against, Gn 37:22(E), 1 S 24:11, Est 2:21+; c.ב rei (property of others) Ex 22:7, 22:10 (E), Est 9:10 +, בַּחַלָּמִישׁ Jb 28:9; c. אֶל pers. against Gn 22:12 (E), 2 S 18:12, עַל pers. 1 K 13:4, etc.; אֶל rei (for good) 2 S 6:6 (יָד om.); from outside; inward, Ct 5:4 (מִן loc.); abs. Jb 30:24 (read טֹבֵעַ for בְּעִי Di Bi Bu). + inf. purpose 1 S 22:17, 1 S 22:17, 2 S 1:14, 1 Ch 13:9; + vb.fin.act. Gn 3:22 (J) Dt 25:11, Ju 15:15; +; אֶחְבַּע שׁ׳: Is 58:9, in token of scorn; c. acc. of rod 1 S 14:27; שִׁלְחוּ מַגָּל Jo 4:13 stretch out (the) sickle. b. י׳: subj., acc. hand, + אֶל pers. against Ex 24:1l (E), cf. (עַל) Ps 138:7; + vb. fin. act. † Ex 3:20 (JE), 9:15(J), Jb 1:11, 2:5; in favour, Je 1:9, abs. Ps 144:7 (מִן loc.), also (pass.) Ez 2:9 and acc. תַּבְנִית יָד), 8:3. † c. acc. hand, subj. angel, + acc. loc., inf. purpose 2 S 24:16, cherub, אֶל rei, מִן loc. Ez 10:7; adversary, אֶל pers. Jb 1:12; subj. angel, acc. rod Ju 6:21. d. stretched out, slender, of tree Gn 49:21 (poem in J), v. I. אֵלָה supr. p. 18:b. e. perhaps extend, direct, acc. rei Ez 8:17 (v. זְמוֹרָה supr. p. 274:b, also conj. in Toy Krae).
4. rarely send away (v. Pi.): human subj., acc. pers. Ju 11:38 ( + acc. temp.), Gn 28:5 (P).
5. let loose (v. Pi.), perhaps only Ps 5:19 (fig.) thy mouth hast thou let loose in evil. † Niph. Inf. abs.. וְנִשְׁלוֹחַ סְפָרִים = letters were sent (Ges § 114 z gg) Est 3:13 ( + אֶל pers., בְּיַד agent., inf. purpose). Pi.:266 Pf. 3 ms. Ex 8:28 +, sf. שִׁלַּחֲךָ 1 S 20:22, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלַּח Je 3:1 +, יְשַׁלֵָּחַ Is 45:13, Pr 6:14; I s. sf. אֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ Gn 32:27, אֲשַׁלְּחֶךָּ 2 S 11:12, 1 K 20:34, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלַּךְ Ex 4:23, +, etc.; Inf. abs. Dt 22:7; 1 K 11:22; cstr. שַׁלַּךְ Gn 8:10 +, שַׁלֵָּךְַ Ex 7:27; +, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵחַ Gn 43:4 +, etc.;—1. send off, away, human subj.: a. acc. pers. + ל loc. Jos 24:28 (E), Ju 7:8, 1 S 10:23 +; + ל pers. Je 48:12; + הּ- loc. Ju 12:9 and (c. inf. purpose) Gn 28:6 (P); acc. of goat, לַעֲזָאזֵל Lv 16:10 (ה- loc.), v:26; send out, different ways, acc. pers., ב loc. Ju 19:29, 20:6; send into exile, י׳: subj., c. מִן loc. Je 24:5, ה- loc. 29:20. b. send away, dismiss, acc. pers. Gn 21:14 (E), 25:6 (J; מֵעַל pers.), 2 S 13:16 +; specif., c. acc. of wife (= divorce), Dt 22:19, 22:29, 24:1, 24:3, Je 3:1 +, abs. Mal 2:16. c. send away empty (-handed) רֵיקָם, + acc. pers. Gn 31:42 (E), Dt 15:13, Jb 22:9. d. send off, give a ‘send-off’ (sometimes escort part way), acc. pers., Gn 18:16, 24:59, 31:27 (all J), 1 S 9:26, 2 K 5:24, 6:23. e. acc. rei 1 S 6:8, Ne 8:12 +, c. acc. loc. 1 S 5:10, 6:3, אֶל pers. Je 27:3, etc. 2. a. send away, subj. י׳:, acc. pers. Gn 19:29 (J; מִתּוֹךְ), 1 K 9:7 (מֵעַל פְּנֵי). b. give over, acc. pers. Ps 81:13 (ב of evil). c. cast out, acc. pers. Je 28:16 (מֵעַל־פְּנֵי), Lv 18:24, 20:23 (both מִפְּנֵי). d. send out, forth, send on a mission, esp. of י׳:, c. acc. of hornet Dt 7:20, cf. 28:20, 32:24 (all ב pers.), serpents Nu 21:6 (E; ב pers.), lions 2 K 17:25, 17:26 (both id.), foes 2 K 24:2, 24:2 (+ inf. purpose); pestilence Am 4:10, Ez 28:23 (ב pers.), etc.; also springs into (ב) channel Ps 104:10. 3. let go, set free (sometimes c, חָפְשִׁי) Ex 4:23, 5:2, 5:2 (all JE), 2 S 3:21, 3:23, 3:24 +; = cease to abuse Ju 19:25; + inf. purpose Gn 24:56 (J), Ex 5:1 (E; + 10 t. Ex), 1 S 5:11; c. acc. of bird Gn 8:7, 8:8 (+ מֵאִתּוֹ) +; + הַשָּׂדֶה Lv 14:7, cf. v:53 (both P); = let loose, acc. of beast, Ex 22:4 (E), Lv 16:22 (ב loc.); acc. of bridle Jb 30:11 (fig.); metaph. of strife Pr 6:14, 6:19, 16:28; let loose waters, subj. י׳:, Jb 12:15. 4. shoot forth branches, Je 17:8, Ps 80:12, Ez 31:5 (but v. 1. שֶׁלַךְ 2.); cf. of locks (פֶּרַע) Ez 44:20 = let grow long. 5. let down, acc. pers. Je 38:6 (ב instr.), acc. rei v:11 (id. + אֶל pers. et loc.). 6 shoot (acc. of arrow om.), לִי לְשַׁ׳: לְמַטָּרָה1 S 20:20. 7. phrases: הָעִיר(אֶת־)שִׁלַּח בָאֵשׁ † Ju 1:8, 20:48, cf. 2 K 8:12, Ps 74:7; but also אֵשׁ בְּ שׁ׳: † Am 1:4, 1:7, 1:10, 1:12, 2:2, 2:5, Ho 8:14, Ez 39:6; rare expressions are: וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד־פִּשְׁעָם Jb 8:4 (God subj.); stretch out hand, ב rei (for use) Pr 31:19, ל pers. (charity) v:20; חֶבְלֵיהֶם תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Jb 39:3 (of hinds, bearing); שַׁלַּח לַחְמְךָ עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָָּיִם Ec 11:1.—רַגְלַי שִׁלֵָּחוּ Jb 30:12 is corrupt; Theod Ew Di רַגְלָם שִׁלֵָּחוּ; Me Bu Be al. dittogr. from v:11b. Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁלַּךְ Ju 5:15, Jb 18:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּח Pr 17:11; Pt. מְשֻׁלָח Is 16:2 +;—be sent off (started on journey) Gn 44:3 (J); with commission, ב pers. Ob:1, Pr 17:11, אֶל pers. Dn 10:11; be put away, divorced, of wife Is 50:1 (fig.); be impelled (?), בְּרַגְלָיו (= at his heels ?), c. ב loc. Ju 5:15 (vb. dub.), cf. שֻׁלַּח בְּרֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו Jb 18:8 he is hurried into the net with his feet (? LXX Du שֻׁלְּחָה רַגְלוֹ); קֵן מְשֻׁלָּח Is 16:2 a driven (scattered) nest (‖עוֹף נוֹדֵד ), cf. וְנֶעֱזָב כַּ מִּדְבָּר נָוֶה מְשׁ׳: 27:10; נַעַר מְשׁ׳: Pr 29:15 a boy let loose (unrestrained). † Hiph. Pf. 1 s. וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֫י and I (י׳:) will send famine, בָּאָרֶץ Am 8:11, cf. Ez 14:13, wild beasts; ב pers. Lv 26:22 (H); Pt. מַשְׁלִיחַ, acc. of flies, ב pers. Ex 8:17 (J); Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁלִיחַ acc. of foe, ב gent. 2 K 15:37.
1. שֶׁ֫לַח n.[m.] missile, weapon, sprout (late);—abs. שׁ׳: Jo 2:8 +, שָָׁלַח Ne 4:11, Jb 33:18, sf. שִׁלְחוֹ Ne 4:17; pl. שְׁלָחִים 2 Ch 23:10, etc.;—
1. missile, weapon, Ne 4:11 and v:17 (where הַמַּיִם corrupt; read probably בִּימִינוֹ or בְּיָדוֹ; v. Ryle Be-Ry Berthol), 2 Ch 23:10 (disting. from חֲנִית, מָנֵן); coll. 32:5 and עָבַר בַּשׁ׳: Jb 33:18, 36:12 (perish by or < rush upon [and perish]), Jo 2:8 (v. בְּעַד).
2. sprout, shoot (cf. [שְׁלוּחָה], and √ Ps 80:12, Je 17:8), שְׁלָחַיִךְ פַּרְדֵּס Ct 4:13 (fig.; meaning ? Perles:Anal. 63 prop. שְׁנֵי לְחָיָיִךְ thy two cheeks); + prob. Ez 31:5 (rd. בִּשְׁלָחָיו Co Toy al., or בְּשִׁלְחֵי [with v:6] Krae).
† II. שֶׁ֫לַח n.pr.m. son of Arphachshad, Σαλα: שׁ׳: Gn 10:24 b, 11:13, 11:14, 11:15, 1 Ch 1:18 b; שָָׁלַח Gn 10:24 a, 11:12, 1 Ch 1:18 a, 1:24.
† III. שֶׁ֫לַח n.pr. in בְּרֵכַת הַשּׁ׳: Ne 3:15 = שִׁלֽחַ. below
† שִׁלְחִי n.pr.m. father of Jehoshaphat’s mother;—1 K 22:42 = 2 Ch 20:31; Σεμεει, Σαλαλα, Σαλει etc.
† שִׁלְחִים n.pr.loc. in Negeb of Judah Jos 15:32; Σαλη, Σαλεειμ, LXXL Σελεειμ.
† שִׁלֽחַ n.pr.font. at SE. of Jerus. (connex. with above √ not certain (Ba:NB 66), Ps 104:10 has Pi.);—מֵי הַשּׁ׳: Is 8:6; Σ(ε)ιλωαμ̀ = III. שֶׁלַךְ; mod. Birket Silwân; v. Wilson:Hast. DB SILOM Cond GASm RS:Ency. Bib. JERUSALEM. §§ 3. 11. 18 Buhl:G 138; on inscription found in adjacent tunnel v. Dr:8m xv ff. GACooke:15 ff.
† שִׁלּוּחִים n.[m.]pl. sending away, parting gift;—
1. אַחר שִׁלוּחֶיהָ Ex 18:2 (J) after she had been sent away.
2. שִׁלֻּחִים 1 K 9:16 he gave (city) as parting gift (i.e. dowry) to his daughter; cf. fig. שִׁלּוּחִים Mi 1:14 thou shalt give a pearting gift (= say farewell to, lose) Morešeth of Gath.
† [שְׁלוּחָה] n.f. shoot, branch (cf. I. שֶׁלַח 2);—pl. sf. שְׁלוּחֹתֶיהָ Is 16:8, of vine of Sibmah (E. of Jordan).
† מִשְׁלַח n.[m.] 1. outstretching; 2 place of letting loose;—מ׳: only cstr.:
1. יַד פ׳ :בְּכָל־מ׳: in every outstretching of one’s hand, = every undertaking, Dt 12:7, 12:18, 15:10, 23:21, 28:8, 28:20.
2. למ׳: שׁוֹר וּלְמִרְמַס שֶׂה Is 7:25 (√ Pi. 3 esp. Is 32:20).
† מִשְׁלוֹחַ n.[m.] 1. outstretching; 2. sending;—מ׳: only cstr.:
1. יָדָם מ׳: Is 11:14 Edom and Moab are the outstretching of their hand (that of which they take possession, cf. √ Qal 3).
2. מִשְׁלֹחַ מָנוֹת אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ Est 9:19, 9:22 the sending of portions to each other.
† מִשְׁלַ֫חַת n.f. 1. discharge; 2. deputation, sending;—
1. abs. בַּמִּלְח׳ :אֵין מ׳: Ec 8:8 there is no discharge in war.
2. cstr. מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים מ׳: Ps 78:49 a deputation (or sending) of angels of evil.
II. שׁלח (√ of foll.; Ar. سلَلخَ strip off hide, سُلَاخَةُ piece of hide stripped off; Aram. שְׁלַח, ܫܠܰܚ take off garment; Ar. سَلْخُ, Aram. שִׁלְחָא, سَلُطَ hide, perh. also Palm. שלחא (pl. ? Lzb; Reckend:ZMG xiii (1888), 415 cp. I. שֶׁלַח); hence שֻׁלְחָן, q. v. (also NH Ecclus), v. GFM:PAOS 1890, ixx; esp. Ju 1:7).
שֻׁלְחָן:71 n.m.:Ex 25:23 table (on form of word cf. GFM:1. c.; prop. (v. supr.) skin or leather mat spread on ground, v. also, on early Sem. ‘ table, ’ Thes:1417 We Skizzen iv. 157 RS:Sem. i. 184; 2nd ed. 201 Kennedy:Ency. Bib iii. 2991);—abs. שׁ׳: 1 S 20:34 +; cstr. שֻׁלְחַן 1 K 5:7 +; sf. שֻׁלְחָנִי Ju 1:7 +, etc.; pl. שֻׁלְחָנוֹת Is 28:8 +, cstr. שֻׁלְחֲנוֹת 1 Ch 28:16, 28:16;—
1. table for king’s repast Ju 1:7 (c. תַּחַת), 1 S 20:29, 20:34, 2 S 9:11 (read דָּוִד שׁ׳: LXX Th We Dr and mod.), v:13, 19:29, 1 K 2:7, 5:1, 18:19, 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4, cf. Is 21:5 (c. עָרַח (q. v. 1 c) arrange); c. עַל 2 S 9:7, 9:10, 9:11, Dn 11:27; for governor Ne 5:17 (c. עַל).
2. for private use 1 K 13:20 (c. אֶל), Jb 36:16, Ps 23:5 (fig., c. עָרַח), cf. 78:19 (id.), 128:3, also (in bedroom) 2 K 4:10; of revellers Is 28:8, cf. Ps 69:23 (fig.), of wisdom (fig.) Pr 9:2.
3. esp. Ez P for sacred uses: in tab. Ex 25:23 + 17 t. 25–40, Nu 3:31, שֻׁלְחַן הַפָּנִים Nu 4:7 (cf. 2 Ch 29:18 infr.); הַטָּהֹר הַשּׁ׳: Lv 24:26 (cf. 2 Ch 13:11 infr.); in Sol.’s temple 1 K 7:48, 2 Ch 29:18, also (10 in no.) 4:8, 4:19, 13:11, cf. 1 Ch 28:16, 28:16, 28:16, 28:16, also Ez 23:41 (c. עָרַח); in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 40:39, 40:39 + 6 t. Ez 40 (8 in no.), 40:42 (of stone, 4 in no.); like altar 41:22, = altar of burnt-offering 44:16; in second temple, שֻׁלְחַן י׳: Mal 1:7, אֲדֹנָֻ שׁ׳: v:12; for idolatrous meal Is 65:11; fig. of י׳:’s sacrif. feast Ez 39:20 (eschatol.).
† שָׁלַט vb. domineer, be master of (late) (NH id.; As. šalâṭu, have power; Ar. ܫܰܠܚܳܐ overcome, prevail; سَلُطَ strong, hard, سَلِيطُ dominion, also ruler, sultan; Eth. سُلْطَانُ Aram. שְׁלַט, 3alat’a: (esp. der. spec.), Nab. שלט, שלטן);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Ec 8:9, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשְׁלַט Ec 2:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁלוֹט Est 9:1;—domineer, lord it over, עַל pers., Ne 5:15; ב pers. Ec 8:9 (לְרַע לוֹ); ב rei 2:19; become master of, ב pers. Est 9:1, 9:1. Hiph. 1. give power of: Pf. 3 ms. sf. pers. וְהִשְׁלִימוֹ לֶאֱכֹל Ec 5:18, so Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁליטֶנּוּ 6:2 (both subj. God). 2. = Qal, get mastery of: juss. 3 fs. אַל־תַּשְׁלֶט־בִּי כָּל־אָָוֶן Ps 119:133.
† שַׁלִּיט adj. having mastery, domineering;—
1. having mastery: בָּרוּחַ אֵין אָדָם שׁ׳: Ec 8:8; elsewhere as subst. הַשּׁ׳: the ruler 10:5, so (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ) Gn 42:6 (prob. late substitution for original word of E); pl. as subst. שַׁלִּיטִים Ec 7:19 (specif. of Alex.’s successors Perles:Anal. 42).
2. domineering, imperious, fs. (Kö: ii. 10. 201) אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה שַׁלָָּטֶת Ez 16:30 (Jerusalem personified).
† שִׁלְטוֹן n.[m.] mastery (Lag:BN 199);—Ec 8:4, 8:8 (c. בְּ).
II. שׁלט (√ of foll.; Zehnpf:BAS i. 535, No. 53 cites As. šalṭu, a shield of leather).
† [שֶׁ֫לֶט] n.m.:2 S 8:7 shield (?);—pl. שְׁלָטִים 2 K 11:10 +, cstr. שִׁלְטֵי 2 S 8:7 +; sf. שִׁלְטֵיהֶם Ez 27:11;—shields (so AV RV Thes; al. quivers, or [v. esp. Barnes:Expos. T. x, 43 f. (cf. 188)] arms, equipment; Vrss vary; As. šalṭu (v. √) seems to be a specif. article), 2 S 8:7 = 1 Ch 18:7, 2 K 11:10 = 2 Ch 23:9 (where + מָגִנּוֹת, but) Ct 4:4 appos. of מָגֵן (q.v. sub גנן), hung on walls, cf. Ez 27:11; מִלְאוּ הַשּׁ׳: Je 51:11 i.e., perh., put arms through thongs, ready to use them (but v. Barnes:i. c., and Gie, cf, מלא Qal 2).
שַׁלָָּטֶת v. שַׁלִּיט supra.
[שָׁלַךְ]:125 vb. Hiph.:112 throw, fling, cast (Ph. שלד in cp. n. pr., meaning dub.; Ar. ܫܠܰܛ is travel (or cause to travel) along a road, cause to enter);—Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁלִיח Am 8:3 +; 2 ms. sf. consec. וְהִשְׁלַכְּ תִּוֹ Je 51:63; 2 fpl. consec. וְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֫נָה Am 4:3, etc.; Impf. יַשְׁלִיח Is 2:20, וַיַּשְׁלֵח Ju 9:17 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הַשְׁלֵח Ex 7:9 Ps 55:23, fs. הַשְׁלִיכִי Je 7:29, etc.; Inf. abs. הַשְׁלֵח Je 22:19, 36:23; cstr. הַשְׁלִיח Ec 3:5, 3:6, etc.; Pt. מֵשְׁלְיח Mi 2:5, Ps 147:17, etc.;—
1. usu. human subj., throw, cast: a. acc. rei, with many prep.: e.g. אָל loc. 2 K 23:12, Ez 5:4, Zc 5:8, 5:8 +, also (acc. rei om.) Ex 15:25 (J), Nu 19:6 (P) +; ב loc, Ex 32:24 (E), Ez 7:19 +; rarely ל loc. 2 Ch 30:14 and (acc. om.) 24:10; עַל loc. 2 K 23:6, הָ֯ loc. Ex 4:3, 4:3, שָׁ֫מָּה Ju 8:25, 2 K 6:6 (acc. om.), etc.; esp. of casting dead bodies, אֶל loc. Jos 8:29 (J), 10:27 (J), + 3 t., ב loc. Am 8:3, 2 K 9:25, 9:26, 13:21, מֵהָֽלְאָה לְ Je 22:19; acc. rei + אֶל pers. 1 K 19:19, 2 S 20:22 (acc. om.); acc. rei c. עַל pers. Na 3:6, Ju 9:53, 2 S 11:21 ( + מֵעַל), etc.; acc. rei + מִיָּד Ex 32:19 (E), cf. Dt 9:17 (מֵעַל); + ל of animal Ex 22:30 (E), Is 2:20, etc. † b. c. acc. pers., אֶל of pit Gn 37:22 (E), Je 38:6, 38:9, ב of pit Gn 37:20 (E), c. ה loc. v:24 (E; pit), Ex 1:22 (J), cf. Am 4:3 (si vera 1.); תַּחַת loc. Gn 21:15 (E); acc. י׳:, fig., c. אַחֲרֵי גַוֶּךָָ 1 K 14:9 (of apostasy), Ez 23:35, so י׳:’s law Ne 9:26, words (אַחֲרֵי pers. reflex.) Ps 50:17. † c. throw away, acc. rei Ju 15:17 (מִיָּדוֹ), 2 K 7:15, Ez 20:7, 20:8, Ps 2:3 (מִן reflex.), Ec 3:5 (opp. = כָּנַס); acc. om. Je 7:29, Jo 1:7 (of locusts); abs. Ec 3:6 (opp. שָׁמַר); acc. of transgr. Ez 18:31 (fig.; מֵעַל reflex.). † d. cast off, shed, blossom (like flower) Jb 15:33. e. cast down (late), subj. goat, acc. ram, Dn 8:7 (אַ֫רְחָה) little horn, acc. אֱמֶת v:12 (id.); acc. pers. (lit.) 2 Ch 25:12 (מִן loc.), Jb 18:7 his (own) counsel felleth him; so prob. Je 9:18 they have overthrown our dwellings (Du reads Hoph.). f. fig., Ps 55:23 cast על־י׳: thy lot.
2. י׳: subj.: a. cast, acc. rei, + עַל pers. Jos 10:11 (E), Jb 27:22 (acc. rei om.); sandal upon Edom Ps 60:10 = 108:10 (sign of possession); ice (no prep.) 147:17. b. acc. pers. + ב loc. 2 K 2:16 (subj. רוּחַ י׳:), Ne 9:11, Jon 2:4 ( + acc. loc.); + אַ֫רְחָה Ez 28:17 (fig.); אֶל loc. (of exile) Dt 29:27; esp. of י׳:’s rejecting men, acc. pers. + מֵעַל פָּנָיו 2 K 13:23, 24:20, cf. 2 K 17:20, Je 7:15, 7:15, 52:3, also Ps 51:13 and (without מִן) 71:9; casting sins (acc.) אַחֲרֵי גֵּוְךָ Is 38:17, ב loc. Mi 7:19. c. cast down, honour of Israel + acc. loc., מִן loc., La 2:1; acc. pers. Ps 102:11 (opp. נָשָׂא).
3. phrases: הִשׁי גּוֹרָל † Jos 18:8, 18:10 (R:D) cast lots ל in behalf of; חֶבֶל בְגוֹרָל מַשׁ׳: Mi 2:5 (v. גּוֹרָל 3, I. חֶבֶל 2); בַּיְאוֹר חַכָּה מַשׁ׳: Is 19:8 i.e. fishermen; וַיַּשְׁלֵח נַפְשׁוֹ מִנֶּגֶד Ju 9:17, v. נֶגֶד 2 c; טָָרֶף מִשּׁנָּיו אַשׁ׳: Jb 29:17 out of his teeth I cast the prey. † Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הֻשְׁלַח Dn 8:11; 2 ms. הָשְׁלַכְתָּ Is 14:19, etc.; Impf. 2 fs. וַתֻּשְׁלְכִי Ez 16:5; 3 mpl. יֻשְׁלָָכוּ Is 34:3; Pt. מֻשְׁלָח 2 S 20:21, etc.;—1. be thrown, cast, acc. of head, אֶל pers. + בְּעַד of wall 2 S 20:21; carcass, ב loc. 1 K 13:24, 13:25, 13:28, Je 14:16; לַחֹרֶב 36:30. 2. be cast forth, out, abs. of dead Is 34:3; מִן of grave 14:19; אֶל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׁדֶה Ez 16:5 (Jerus. personified as infant); עַל־הָאָרֶץ Je 22:28 (of exile). 3. be cast down, לָאָרֶץ Ez 19:12 (Isr., fig. of vine); abs. of sanctuary Dn 8:11.
4. metaph., be cast, על of י׳: Ps 22:11 (i.e. on his protection).
† שָׁלָךְ n. [m.] bird of prey, prob. cormorant (as hurling itself from above;—cf. Thes:1419 Di:Lv Tristr:NHB 252 McLean-Shipley:Ency.Bib.CORMORANT);—Dt 14:17, Lv 11:17; (P).
† I. שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת n.f. felling of tree;—Is 6:13.
† II. שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת n.pr. of a temple-gate, W. side (? Gate of casting forth; yet cf. Kit);—1 Ch 26:16.
† I. [שָׁלַל] vb. draw out (Ar. سَلَّ draw, esp. sword from scabbard, سَلِيلُ drawn sword, new-born child (cf. Frä:75, but also Schulth:Hom. Wurz. 80 f.); Talm. שָׁלִיל, Targum שְׁלִילָא embryo or abortion);—Impf. 2 mpl. + Inf. abs. שֹׁל־תָּשֹׁלוּ לָהּ מִן וגו׳: Ru 2:16 ye shall by all means draw out for her from the sheaves.
† שׁוֹלָל adj. indecl. (Ges:§ 118 o) barefoot (appar. stripped as to walking; alw. c. הלן);—אֵילְכָה שׁוֹלָל וְעָרוֹם Mi 1:8 Qr I will go barefoot and naked (Kt שילל); טוֹלִיךְ יוֹעֲחִפם שׁ׳: Jb 12:17, cf. v:19.
† II. שָׁלַל vb. spoil, plunder (usu. identif. with I. שׁ׳:; NH id. (Jastr, cf. Dalm); As. šalâlu, id.; Hom:Chr 33 cp. Sab. תַלל plunder, connecting this with Ar. شَلَّةُ a flock of sheep (or goats); then Targum שְׁלָלָא booty, and (rare) Syr. ܫܶܠܳܠ are loan-words);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳: Ez 26:12; 2 ms. שַׁלּוֹתָ Hb 2:8, etc.; Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשָׁלּוּךָ v:8; cstr. לִשְׁלֽ Is 10:6 +; Pt. pl. שֹׁלְלִים Zc 2:12, etc.;—spoil, plunder (usu. ‖בָּזַז ), c. acc. cogn. שָׁלָל Is 10:6, Ez 29:19, 38:12, 38:13, 38:13, acc. חַיִל wealth 26:12; acc. pers., שֹׁלְלִים Je 50:10, Hb 2:8, Ez 39:10, גּוֹיִם רַבּים Hb 2:8, cf. Zc 2:12. Hithpō‘ Pf. 3 pl. אֶשְׁתּוֹלְלוּ אַבִּירֵי לֵב (א in אֶשְׁתּ׳: is Aram., or scribal error: Ges:§ 54 a n., cf. 58 k) Ps 76:6 the stout of heart are spoiled; Pt. מִשְׁתּוֹלֵל Is 59:15 he that departs from evil is one despoiled.
שָׁלָל:75 n. m.:1 S 30:16 prey, spoil, plunder, booty;—abs. שׁ׳: Gn 49:27 +; cstr. שְׁלַל Ju 5:30 +, sf. שְׁלָלֵח Zc 14:1, שְׁלַלְכֶם Is 33:4, etc.;—†
1. prey, of Benj. as wolf Gn 49:27 (poem in J; c. חִלֵּק).
2. booty, spoil of war, of all kinds (oft. ‖בַּז ): incl. garments, gold and silver Jos 7:21 (J), ornaments Ju 8:24, 8:25, fabrics and women 5:30 a, b, flocks and herds 1 S 30:20, Je 49:32, 2 Ch 15:11, + persons Dt 20:14, 20:14, garments, food and drink 2 Ch 28:15, etc. (58 t.; among these) שְׁלַל הֶעָרִים Dt 2:25, 2 S 12:30, 1 Ch 20:2 and (+ cattle in addition) Dt 3:7, Jos 8:27, 11:14 (both R:D), cf. (also of city) Is 8:4, Dt 13:17, 13:17, Zc 14:1 and (+ cattle) Jos 8:2 (R:D), but incl. pers. and cattle Dt 20:14, cf. v:14; fig. of entire nation Je 50:10, Ez 7:21, Zc 2:13; שׁ׳: in symbol. n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל וגו׳: Is 8:1, 8:3, v. supr. p.555:a; שׁ׳: in metaph. of future majesty of עֶבֶד י׳: Is 53:12; וְהֳיְתָהאלּוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ לְשׁ׳: i.e. life shall be spared, Je 21:9, 38:2, 39:18, cf. 45:5. †
3. private plunder Is 10:2 (אַלְמָנוֹת שְׁלָלָם), Pr 1:13 and (perh. in current saying) 16:19. †
4. = gain Pr 31:11.— לְחַוִּארֵי שׁ׳: Ju 5:30 c is clearly wrong; meaning dub. (v. esp. GFM); plausible conj. are לְחַוָּארַי שׁ׳: for my neck as spoil, Reuss:Br al., and לְחַוְּארֵי שֵׁגָל for the neck of the queen Ew Be Kit al. (but שֵׁגָל elsewh. late); Now del. שָׁלָל and reads לְחַוָּארָיו.
[שָׁלֵם]:103 vb. be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, esp. in n.pr., Lzb:376 GACooke:99, also 81, 111, etc.; Ar. ܫܠܶܡ be safe, secure, free from fault, II. make over, resign to, IV. resign or submit oneself, esp. to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām prop. submission to God; As. šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aram. שְׁלֵים, سَلِمَ be complete, safe, Targum peaceful; OAram. שלם reward, repay (Pa; in n.pr.); cf. Sab. סלם peace Hom:Chr 124, Ar. ܫܠܶܡ, also سِلْمُ safety, security; As. šulmu, welfare; Eth. سلَامُ Di:322 security peace; Aram. שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, OAram. שלם Lzb:376, esp. = submission, in n.pr. RS:Sem.79 f.; Bondi:70 (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egypt.);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁלְמוּ Is 60:20; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלָָם Jb 9:4; f. תַּשְׁלַם 1 K 7:51 + 2 t.;—
1. be complete, finished, ended: temple 1 K 7:51 = 2 Ch 5:1; walls of city Ne 6:15; of time Is 60:20.
2. be sound, uninjured, Jb 9:4. Pi.:89 Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּם Lv 5:24 +, 1 S. וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֫י Je 16:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלֵּם Ex 21:34 +; sf. יְשַׁלְּמֶָנָּה Lv 24:18 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלֵּם Ec 5:3, Psalm50:14, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁלֵּם Ex 21:36 +; cstr. id. Pr 22:27, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּם Dt 7:10 +, etc.;—† 1. complete, finish, temple 1 K 9:25. † 2. make safe, c. acc. Jb 8:6.
3. make whole or good, restore thing lost Jo 2:25, or stolen Ex 21:37 (E); pay a debt 2 K 4:7, Ps 37:21, Pr 22:27, Jb 41:3; make compensation, for injury Lv 24:18, 24:21 (P); for trespass in sacred things 5:16 (P).
4. make good, i.e. pay, vows, c. acc. נֶדֶר Dt 23:22, 2 S 15:7 + 9 t., + (c. ל to God) Ps 50:14, 66:13, 116:14, 116:18; obj. om. 76:12; abs. Is 19:21; c. acc. תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God Ps 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Ho 14:3 (v. p. 830:b).
5. requite, recompense, reward, good 1 S 24:20, Ru 2:12; evil Is 65:6, Je 51:56; c. ל pers. Dt 7:10 + 4 t., + (c. acc. rei) Je 51:24; אל pers. Jb 21:19; acc rei Pr 20:22, Je 16:18; שְׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Is 59:18, 59:18 (but v. I. שִׁלֵּם), 66:6 + (v. גְּמוּל); † פֹּעַל לְ שׁ׳: Jb 34:11; גְּמוּל עַל שׁ׳: Jo 4:4; עַל חֵיק Is 65:6; אֶל־חַיק Je 32:18; † c. ל pers. and כ of deeds, שׁ׳: reward according to one’s works 2 S 3:39 + 3 t.; acc. pers. Ps 31:24; acc. rei † רעה תחת טובה שׁ׳: Gn 44:4 (J) + 35:12, 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי). Pu. Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּם Ps 65:2, Je 18:20; יְשֻׁלָָּם Pr 11:31, 13:13;—1. be performed, of vow Ps 65:2. 2. be repaid, requited, Je 18:20, Pr 11:31, 13:13. Hiph. 1. complete, perform: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁלִים Jb 23:14, Is 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v:28. 2. make an end of, 2 ms. sf. Is 38:12, 38:13 (LXX Du Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aram.).
שָׁלוֹם:237 n.m.:Is. 54:13 completeness, soundness, welfare, peace (Lag:BN 174);—שׁ׳: Gn 29:6 +; שָׁםֽ (rare) Ez 13:16 +; cstr. שְׁלוֹם Gn 37:14 +; sf. שְׁלוֹמִי Ps 41:10 +, etc.; pl. (all dub.) שְׁלוֹמִים Je 13:19, Ps 69:23; sf. שְׁמָֽיו 55:21;—†
1. completeness in no., הָגִלָת שְׁלוֹמִים Je 13:19 Judah is wholly carried captive (but read גָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה, cf. Am 1:6; so LXX We:Am SS Buhl). †
2. safety, soundness, in body, אֵין שָׁלוֹם בַּעֲחָמַי Ps 38:4; לְשָׁלוֹם Is 38:17; שָׁלוֹם אָהֳלֶָךָ (Ges:§ 141c) Jb 5:24 is safe, secure.
3. welfare, health, prosperity: † לשׁ׳ :שָׁאַל לפ׳: ask one about welfare Gn 43:27 (J), Ex 18:7 (E), Ju 18:15 + 7 t., cf. 2 S 11:7, 11:7, 11:7; pregn. ירד לשׁלום 2 K 10:13 descend (to ask) about welfare of, cf. 1 S 17:18, Je 38:4; הלד לשׁ׳: Ex 4:18 (E) + 5 t.; עלה לשׁ׳: Gn 44:17 (J), 1 S 25:35; דבּר לשׁ׳: Gn 37:4 (JE); שָׁלוֹם ל׳: be well with Gn 29:6, 43:23, 43:28 (J), Ju 6:23, 19:20, 1 S 20:7, 20:21 + 10 t., 2 K 4:26, 4:26, 4:26; שָׁלוֹם בְּ Ps 122:7, 122:8 may it be well in; abs. as obj. of אָמַר well, be well, שׁ׳: Gn 29:6 (J), 2 S 18:28, 2 K 9:11, 9:17, 9:18, 9:19, 9:22, Je 6:14, 6:14 + 10 t.; הֲשָׁלוֹם אֲבִיכֶם (Ges:§ 141 c) Gn 43:27 (J); † אֶָךָ(וֹ)בּ שׁ׳: 1 S 16:4 (v. Dr), 1 K 2:13; אֵין שׁ׳: Je 6:14 + 3 t.; † לרשׁעים אין שׁ׳: Is 48:22, 57:21; but ראה רשׁעים שׁ׳: Ps 73:3; † רֹב שׁ׳: 37:11, 72:7; פ׳ :שׁאל שׁ׳: 122:6; דרשׁ שׁ׳: (‖טוב ) Dt 23:7, Ezr 9:12; יוֹסִיפוּ לָח שׁ׳: Pr 3:2; בַּשׁ׳: Jb 15:21 in time of prosperity.
4. peace, quiet, tranquility, contentment, Is 32:17 (‖וָבֶטַח הַשְׁקֵט ); שָׁכַב בשׁ׳: Ps 4:9 (to sleep); depart life בְּשׁ׳: in tranquillity Gn 15:15 (R:JE), 1 K 2:6 + 3 t., יְבוֹא Is 57:2; אַחֲרִית לְאִישׁ שׁ׳: Ps 37:37; בא בשׁ׳: Ex 18:23 (E) come in contentment; ארץ שׁ׳: Je 12:5; נְוֵה שׁ׳: (‖מבטחים ) Is 32:18, cf. Je 25:37; מִפָָּחַד שׁ׳: Jb 21:9; ולשׁלומים לְמקֵשׁ Ps 69:23 security, (let it) become a trap (but LXX Aq Sym Theod Jer וּלְשִׁלּוּמִים וּלְמ׳:, Du (cf. Targum) וּשְׁלָמִים peace-offerings, and שֻׁלְחָן v:a). †
5. peace, friendship: a. human relations: אֱנוֹשׁ שְׁמִֽי Je 20:10 man of my friendship, cf. 38:22, Ob:7, Ps 41:10; בין עֲחַת שׁ׳: Zc 6:13; יֹעֲחֵי שׁ׳: Pr 12:20; (אֵת, עִם) דבּר שׁ׳: Ps 28:3, 35:20, Je 9:7; בקּשׁ שׁ׳: Ps 34:15; ידע שׁ׳: Is 59:8; דֶּרֶח שׁ׳: v:8; שׁלּח בשׁ׳: Gn 26:29 (J); הלן בשׁ׳: v:31 (J), 1 S 29:7 + 4 t.; שׁוב בשׁ׳: 2 S 15:27; ‖חדקה in Mess. reign Ps 72:3. b. peace with God, esp, in covt. relation: Is 54:10 ברית covt. of my peace, cf. Nu 25:12 (P), Ez 34:25, 37:26, also Mal 2:5; שׁ׳ :י׳: as name of altar Ju 6:24; י׳: subj. לְ שׁם שׁ׳: Nu 6:26 (P); בֵּרַח בשׁ׳: Ps 29:11; חפץ שׁ׳: 35:27; לְ עשׂה שׁ׳: Je 33:9; מֵאֵת אָסַף שׁ׳: Je 16:5 (‖חסד ); אֶל דבּר שׁ׳: Ps 85:9; נתן שׁ׳: Hg 2:9; מחשׁבות שׁ׳: Je 29:11; man subj. ל׳ :עשׂח שׁ׳: Is 27:5, 27:5; הלן בשׁ׳: Mal 2:6. In this sense ‖אֶדֶק Ps 85:11, ‖אְדָקָה Is 54:13, 60:17, ‖שִׂמְחָה 55:12, is like a river 48:18, 66:12; עַל־ישׂראלשׁ׳: Ps 125:5, 128:6, רָב לְאֹהֲבֵי דוֹרָדֶָךָ שׁ׳: 119:165; מוּסַר שׁ׳: Is 53:5 chastisement for our peace (but SS Buhl שִׁלֻּמֵינוּ).
6. peace from war: (ל) עשׂה שׁ׳: make peace (with) Jos 9:15, Jb 25:2; בארץ נתן שׁ׳: Lv 26:6 (H); † בין ובין שׁ׳: Ju 4:17, 1 S 7:14, 1 K 5:26; † שׁ׳:(ל)קרא Dt 20:10, Ju 21:13, Mi 3:5; † שׁוב בשׁ׳: Jos 10:21 (E), Ju 8:9, 11:31; בא בשׁ׳: 2 S 19:25, 19:31 + 7 t.; † לְ היה שׁ׳: 1 K 5:4 + 3 t., cf. 2 S 17:3 (v. Dr); בקּשׁ שׁ׳: Ez 7:25; מלאכי שׁ׳: Is 33:7; רָשֶׁקֶט נתן שׁ׳: 1 Ch 22:9; מוֹחְאֵת שׁ׳: Ct 8:10; † אמת(ו) שׁ׳: Is 39:8 = 2 K 20:19 + 3 t., cf. Zc 8:19; עֵת שׁ׳: Ec 3:8; בְּשׁ׳: 1 K 2:5 in time of peace; שַׂר שׁ׳: Is 9:5 (Mess. title), cf. זֶה שׁ׳: Mi 5:4.
7. as adj. שְׁמָֽיו Ps 55:21 those at peace with him (rd. שֹֽׁלְטָיו Bae Buhl Du, or שְׁלֵטָיו SS; LXX appar. שִׁלּוּמָיו).
שֶׁ֫לֶם:87 n. [m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’ (expl. disputed: orig. sacrif. for alliance Di; al. peace-offering (mark of peace with God), LXX:Sm. K Pr εἰρηνική, De Sta:G i. 496 We:Heid. 71 (fellowship between God and worshippers); welfare-offering, LXX elsewhere σωτήριον, Ke; thank-offering (as due rendered for benefit, or in paying vow, cf. √ Pi. 4, and Pr 7:14) Ges Ew Kn; sacred meal its special feature: v. RS:Sem. i. 219; 2nd ed. 237; NOW:Arch. ii. 211 f. GFM:Ency. Bib. SACRIFICE, § 11; As. šulmu = שֶׁלֶם is cited by J Jerem:Ency. Bib. RITUAL, § 11);—cstr. שׁ׳: Am 5:22; elsewh. pl. שְׁלָמִים Ex 24:5 + 69 t.; cstr. שַׁלְמֵי Lv 10:14; sf. שְׁלָמֶ֫יךָ Ex 20:24, etc.; pl. is abstr. intens. Lv 7:13, Nu 6:17 (P) +; pl. of no. Ex 24:5 (JE), 1 S 11:15 +; usu. hard to decide; שׁ׳: (in app.) defines זְכָּ חִים Ex 24:5 (JE), and so זבח of covt. of Horeb is שׁ׳:, as also sacrifice for Saul 1 S 11:15; foll. phr. shew שׁ׳: essentially = זבחים in like phr. (v. זבח); שׁ׳: coming to mean ז׳: in all ritual; over against עוֹלוֹת Ex 20:24, 32:6 (JE), Lv 6:5 (P), Dt 27:7, Jos 8:31 (D), Ju 20:26, 21:4, 1 S 13:9, 2 S 6:17, 6:18, 24:25, 1 K 3:15, 9:25, 1 Ch 16:1, 16:2, 21:26, 2 Ch 31:2, Ez 43:27, 45:17, 46:2, 46:12; so in longer lists Lv 9:4, 9:22, Nu 6:14, 29:39 (P), 1 K 8:64, 8:64, 16:13, 2 Ch 7:7, 29:35, Ez 45:15, 45:17, 46:12; and when שׁ׳: alone Lv 7:14, 7:33; in P שׁ׳: defines ז׳: in cstr. sg. or pl.: Ex 29:28, Lv 3:1 + 34 t. P, Lv 17:5, 19:5, 22:21, 23:19 (H), so 1 S 10:8, 1 K 8:63, 2 Ch 30:22, 33:16, Pr 7:14; שׁ׳ :ז׳: of H and P incl. תודה, נדר, נדבה Lv 7:12, 7:16, and so זבח תודה שׁ׳: v:13, v:15; שׁ׳: disting. from (larger) ז׳: in lists שׁ׳:, ז׳:, עולות Jos 22:27 (P); נדר, ז׳:, עלה Nu 15:8 (P); שׁ׳: disting. from נְדָבָה Ez 46:12 (where may = either of other two); from נדרים, נדבות Nu 29:39 (P) (and must then ref. to תודות); from נדר Nu 15:8 (P); appar. then not disting. from תּוֹדוֹת, תּוֹדָה 2 Ch 33:16 being probably specification.
† [שָׁלַם] vb. denom. be in covenant of peace;-Qal Imv. שְׁלָָם Jb 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); Pt. sf. שׁוֹלְמִי Ps 7:5 i.e. my ally, friend (cf. 41:10); Pt. pass cstr. 2 S 20:19, read שָׂמוּ LXX Ew:G iii. 264 Dr (cf. We) HPS and mod. Pu. Pt. מְשֻׁלָּם Is 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳:; but LXX משְׁלָם their ruler, so Che:Hpt; Ges Hi Ew al. one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, cf. √, Ar. IV.; Kroch Grä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחַי). Hiph. Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Jos 10:4, 11:19; 3 mpl. הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ 10:1; Impf. יַשְׁלִים Is 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Pr 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם 1 K 22:45, etc.;—
1. make peace with, אֶת, Jos 10:1, 10:4, 2 S 10:19 = 1 Ch 19:19 (עִם); עִם Dt 20:12, 1 K 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Jos 11:19 submitting unto.
2. cause to be at peace, אֶת, Pr 16:7. Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הָשְׁלְאָה Jb 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ברית ).
† I. שָׁלֵם adj. complete, safe, at peace;—שׁ׳: Gn 15:16; +; pl. שְׁלֵמִים Gn 34:21, Na 1:12; f. שְׁלֵמָה Dt 25:15 +; pl. שְׁלֵמוֹת 27:6, Jos 8:31;—
1. complete: a. full, perfect: אָבָן שְׁלֵמָה full weight Dt 25:15, אֵיפָה שׁ׳: v:15, Pr 11:1; of עֶוֹן Gn15:16 (JE); number of captives Am 1:6, 1:9; of army Na 1:12 (text corrupt; LXX משֵׁל מַיִם, but ?; v. Comm.); of reward Ru 2:12; of stones, whole (in natural condition, unhewn) Dt 27:6, Jos 8:31 (cf. law Ex 20:25). b. finished: stones for temple 1 K 6:7; temple 2 Ch 8:16.
2. safe, unharmed, of pers. Gn 33:18 (P; Sam. שׁלוֹם, cf. בשׁלום 28:21; not n.pr.loc. as Vrss).
3. in covt. of peace, friendship, c. אֵת Gn 34:21 (P); לֵבָב שָׁלֵם עִם י׳: a mind at peace with י׳:, keeping covt. relation, hence complete, perfect, 1 K 8:61, 11:4, 15:3, 15:14; c. אֶל 2 Ch 16:9, אֶל om. 2 K 20:3 = Is 38:3 (לֵב), 1 Ch 12:38, 2 Ch 15:17, 19:9, 25:2; לֵב 1 Ch 28:9, 29:9.
† II. שָׁלֵם n.pr.loc. abbrev. fr. יְרוּשָׁםִַ (q.v.), and perh. (Gunk Dr) intended as archaism Gn 14:18, cf. (poet.) Ps 76:3 (‖חִיּוֹן ); v. Jos:Ant. i. 10, 2; LXX Σαλημ and (Psalm) εἰρήνη.
† I. שִׁלֵּם n.[m.] recompense (abstr. Ba:NB 73);—Dt 32:35 (read with SyrVer LXX לְיוֹם שׁ׳:; ‖נָקָם ); so read also (for יְשַׁלֵּם) Is 59:18, 59:18 Du (otherwise Che:Hpt Di-Kit Marti).
† II. שִׁלֵּם n.pr.m. in Naphtali Gn 46:24, Nu 26:49; Συλλημ, Σελλη(μ).
† שִׁלֵּמִי adj. gent. as n. coll. הַשּׁ׳: Nu 26:49.
† [שַׁלְמֹן] n.[m.] reward, bribe;—pl. שַׁלְמֹנִים Is 1:23 (‖שֹׁחַד ).
† שִׁלּוּם Mi 7:3, שִׁלֻּם Ho 9:7, n. [m.] requital;—pl. שִׁלּוּמִים Is 34:8;—
1. requital, retribution, יְמֵי הַשׁ׳: Ho 9:7 (‖פְּקֻדָּה ); שְׁנַת שׁ׳: Is 34:8 (‖נָקָם ).
2. reward, bride Mi 7:3 שֹׁפֵמ בַּשׁ׳:.
† [שִׁלֻּמָה] n.f. requital, retribution;—cstr. שִׁלֻּמַת Ps 91:8.
† שַׁלּוּם (less oft. שַׁלֻּם) n.pr.m. Σελ(λ)ουμ, Σαλ(λ)ουμ, Σελλημ, etc.;—
1. king of N. Israel 2 K 15:10, 15:13, 15:14, 15:15.
2. son of Josiah, and king of Judah Je 22:11, 1 Ch 3:15 = יְהוֹאָחָז 1, v. p. 219.
3. husband of Huldah 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22, B LXXL Σελλημ, A -λουμ.
4. uncle of Jeremiah Je 32:7.
5. in Simeon 1 Ch 4:25.
7. in Ephr. 2 Ch 28:12.
8. in Napht. 1 Ch 7:13.
9. father of a threshold-keeper Je 35:4.
10. wall-builder Ne 3:12.
11. priests 1 Ch 5:38, 5:39, Ezr 7:2 (ancestor of Ezra, perh. = מְשֻׁלָּם 7 a).
12. Levites: a. 1 Ch 9:17, 9:17, perh. = v:19, v:31, and Ezr 2:42 ‖ Ne 7:45 ( = שֶׁלֶמְיָה 2, מְשֻׁלָּם 8 c, ((וּ)מְשֶׁלֶמְיָה). b. Ezr 10:24.
13. v:42. below
† שַׁלּוּן n.pr.m. wall-builder Ne 3:15 = שַׁלּוּם acc. to Thes. above
† מְשֻׁלָּם n.pr.m. Μεσουλαμ, Μοσολλαμ, etc.:
1. grandfather of Shaphan 2 K 22:3.
2. son of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:19.
3. in Benj.: a. 8:17, perh. = b. 9:7. c. v:8. d. Ne 11:7.
4. in Gad 1 Ch 5:13.
5. wall-builders: a. Ne 3:4, 3:30. b. 3:6.
6. a chief 10:21.
7. priests (distinctions in part obscure): a. 1 Ch 9:11, Ne 11:11, 12:13 (perh. = שַׁלּוּם 11). b. 1 Ch 9:12. c. Ne 10:8. d. Ne 12:6. e. v:33.
8. Levites: a. 2 Ch 34:12. b. Ezr 8:16, 10:15, Ne 8:14. c. 12:25 ( = שַׁלּוּם 12 a).
9. Ezr 10:29. above
† מְשִׁלֵּמוֹת n.pr.m. Μοσολαμωθ, etc.:
1. in Ephr. 2 Ch 28:12.
2. priest Ne 11:13 = מְשִׁלֵּמִית 1 Ch 9:12 (Μασελμωθ, etc.).
† (וּ)מְשֶׁלֶיָ֫ה n.pr.m. Μεσολλαμια, etc.: Levite יָה- 1 Ch 9:21, יָ֫הוּ- (LXXL Σελεμιας) 26:1, 26:2, 26:9 ( = שֶׁלֶמְיָהוּ 2, שַׁלּוּם 12 a). above, p. 1025
מְשִׁלֵּמִית v. מְשִׁלֵּמוֹת. above
† מְשֻׁלֶּ֫מֶת n.pr.f. mother of king Amon 2 K 21:9 Μεσολλαμ, A Μασσαλαμειθ.
שְׁלֽמִה:293 n.pr.m. Solomon (Σαλωμων, rarely Σαλομων, LXXL mostly Σολομων; cf. Lag:BN 53 96);—king of Israel, son of David and Bathsheba 2 S 12:24, 1 K 1:11 + [name 2 t. S; 162 t. K; 109 t. Ch; 7 t. Ezr Ne]; born in Jerus. 2 S 5:14, 1 Ch 3:5, 14:4; designated by D. as successor, anointed and proclaimed before D.’s death 1 K 1:30, 1:33, 1:34, 1:39 +; king after D.’s death 1 K 2:12, 2:17, 1 Ch 29:28, 2 Ch 1:1 + [phr. הַמֶּלָךְ שׁ׳: 1 K 1:34 + 36 t. K, 11 t. Ch, Je 52:20, Ct 3:9, 3:11; הַמּ׳ :שׁ׳: 1 K 2:l7, 12:2, 1 Ch 29:24, 2 Ch 10:2; מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה שׁ׳: 1 K 12:23, 2 Ch 11:3, יִשׂ׳ :מ׳: 2 K 23:13, 24:13, 2 Ch 30:26, 35:3, Ne 13:26]; builder of temple 1 K 5:22, 6:1, 6:2, 1 Ch 5:26 + oft.; wise 1 K 3:10, 5:9, 5:10, 5:14, 10:1, 10:2, 10:3, 10:4, 2 Ch 1:7, 1:11 +; author of proverbs (and songs) acc. to Proverbs מִשְׁלֵי שׁ׳: 1:1, 10:1, 25:1 (cf. 1 K 5:12, 5:13), v. also לִשׁ׳: Ps 72:1, 127:1 (titles), Ct 1:1 (title); of written provision for priests, etc. 2 Ch 35:4, cf. 8:14, Ne 12:45; elsewh. (outside of K Ch) name occurs † Je 52:20, Ct 1:5 (Wkl:Altor. Forsch. ii. 196. prop. Šalmaites, Nab. שלמו Lzb:376, cf. Levy:Tw ii. 489 Jastr:1587), 3:7, 3:9, 3:11, 8:11, 8:12, and in phr. בְּנֵי עַבְדֵי שׁ׳: Ezr 2:55, 2:58 = Ne 7:57, 7:60, Ne 11:3.
† שְׁלמֹוֹת, I. שְׁלמִית (שְׁלוֹ׳: Ezr 8:10) n.pr.m. 1. Levites: a. מוֹת- 1 Ch 24:22, 24:22, 26:26; מִית- v:28, 23:18; מות- 26:25 Kt, מִית- Qr, Σαλωμωθ, LXXL Σαλωμιθ. b. מות- 1 Ch 23:9 Kt, מִית- Qr, Αλωθειμ,. Σαλωμ(ε)ιθ. 2. מִית- son (appar.) of Rehob. 2 Ch 11:20, Εμμωθ, A Σαλημωθ, LXXL Σαλωμιθ. 3. מִית- head of post-ex. Family Ezr 8:10, Σαλειμουθ, etc.
† II. שְׁלֽמִית n.pr.f. Σαλ(ω)μιθ, etc.:
1. in Israel Lv 24:11.
2. daughter of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:19.
† שְׁלֽמִי n.pr.m. in Asher, Nu 34:27; Σελεμ(ε)ι.
שׁוּלַמִּית v. p. 1002.
† שְׁלֻמִיאֵל n.pr.m. in Simeon Nu 1:6, 2:12, 7:36, 7:41, 10:19; Σαλαμιηλ.
† (וּ)שֶׁלֶמְיָה n.pr.m. 1. Jeremiah’s time; Σελεμιου (genit.): a. יָ֫הוּ- Je 36:14. b. י֫הוּ v:26. c. יָךְ- 37:3, יָהוּ- 38:1. d. יָה- 2. Levite, יָהוּ- 1 Ch 26:14, τῷ Σαλαμεια, etc., = שַׁלּוּם 12 a, q. v. 3. post-ex. names: a. יָה- Ne 3:30, Τελεμια(ς), LXXL Σελ́. b. יָה- Ne 13:13, priest, Σελεμια(ς) ( = c or d ?). c. יָה- Ezr 10:39, Σελεμια. d. יָהוּ- v:41, LXX id.
† שַׁלְמָן (van d. H. מַן-) n.pr.m. vel loc. (cf. Palm. n. pr. שלמן GACooke:299; Ph. n. pr. div. שלמן Lzb:377 GACooke:42; As. Salamanu, of Moabit. prince COT:Ho 10, 14; n.pr.div. Šulmanu, v. foll.);—בֵּית אַרְבֵּאל כְּשֹׁד שׁ׳:Ho 10:14, Σαλαμαν (cf. also Field:Hex. ii. 957);—dub., We Now think = foll. (and cl. ins. after Hosea’s time), cf. also Marti; others cp. Moabitish prince, v. supra; Spiegelberg:ZA xiii (1898), 120 f. suggests n.pr.loc., cp. Ša-ra-ma-na in Egypt.
† שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר n.pr.m. king of Assyria (prop. אסרד-, = As. Šulman-as251;aridu, ‘(God) Šulman is chief,’ Schr:ZK ii (1885), 197 ff. Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi (1892). 79);—2 K 17:3 = 18:9; Σαλ(α)μανασ(σ)αρ, Vulgate Salmanasar. This was שׁ׳: IV, B.C. 727–722, Say:Hast. DB s. v. Johns:Ency. Bib. s. v.
שֵׁלָנִי v. II. שֵׁלָה. שִׁלֽנִי v. sub שִׁלוֹ. p. 1017–18
† שָׁלַף vb. draw out, off (NH id., loosen, draw (nail, sword; Jastr); As. šalâpu, pluck out, draw sword; Aram. לְֵַף draw sword, draw off shoe, ܫܠܰܦ draw sword, in Lexx. remove corselet; Ar. سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, سَلَبَ strip, plunder, etc.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Ju 3:22 +; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלֽף Ru 4:8, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁלֽף Ju 9:54 +; Pt. act. שֹׁלֵף 8:10 +, etc.; pass. f. שׁלוּפָה Nu 22:23 +;—
1. draw out sword from (מִן) wound Ju 3:22, cf. Jb 20:25; usu. sword from sheath Ju 8:20, 9:54, 1 S 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4, + מִתַּעְרָהּ 1 S 17:51; וְחַרְבּוֹ שָׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ Nu 22:23, 22:31, Jos 5:13 (all J), 1 Ch 21:16; elsewhere אִישׁ שֹׁלֵף ח׳: coll. Ju 8:10, 20:2, 20:15, 20:17, 20:46, 2 S 24:9, 2 K 3:26, 1 Ch 21:5, 21:5, cf. Ju 20:35 and (שְׁלֽפֵי ח׳:) v:25.
2. draw off sandal Ru 4:7, 4:8 (cf. I. חלץ 1; also RS:K 269 Dr:Dt 25:9 Bewer:SK lxxvi (1903), 332).
3. shoot up (?), i.e. draw out blade, of grass on roof Ps 129:6 (cf. Ew Bae al.); Che Dr is unsheathed (vb. c. subj. indef. = pass.), with same meaning; Hup-Now prop. שָׁלֵם (with ‖ in Syr.); v. Ortenberg:Textkrit1 K d. Ps. (1861), 30 שֶׁחָלָף, We:Hpt Du חֲלֽף (as 90:5, 90:6, v. ח׳: 2). p. 322
† [שֶׁ֫לָף] n.pr.m. son of Joḳṭan;—שָָׁלֶף Gn 10:26 = 1 Ch 1:20; Σαλεφ; identif. by Os:ZMG xi (1857), 153 f. with S. Ar. tribe سُلَف, cf. Mordtm:ZMG xxxix (1885), 228 Glaser:Skizze ii. 425 HomLChr 70, and v. Di Dr.
שׁלשׁ (√ of following; meaning unknown; conj. in Dietr:Wortforsch. 229 n.; cf, Lag:BN 173).
שָׁלשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלשָׁה:430 n.m. et f. a three, triad (NH id.; שלש SI:2; שלשן 30 MI:2; Ph. שלש; As. šalaštu, šalatu; Sab. שלתַ Hom:Chr 47, 124, but also תַלתַ, etc., Id.:47; A. u. A. ii. 175 Sab Denkm:No. 31, 8; Ar. شَلَاشُ, شَلَاشَةُ; Eth. 4al4a: 4alastu: Aram. תְּלָתָא, ܬܠܳܬܳܐ; Nab. תלת Lzb:377; Palm. תלת (in תלת מאה) Reckend:ZMg xiii (1888), 408; v. also Kö:ii. 1. 208);—m. שָׁלשׁ (וֹשׁ- rare, chiefly late), c. n.f. Am 4:8 + 90 t., also cstr. שְׁלשׁ Gn 18:6 + 65 t. (but 38:24 read perh. שְׁלשֶׁת Sam., cf. Di al.), שְׁלָשׁ־ Ex 21:11; f. שְׁלשָׁה (וֹשָׁה- rare, chiefly late), c. n.m. Gn 6:10 + 149 t., also cstr. שְׁלשֶׁת Am 4:4 + 92 t. (3 + 10 = 13 are additional; on rare exceptions to rule of gender cf. Ges:§ 97 c), sf. שְׁלָשְׁתְּכֶם Nu 12:4, שְׁלָשְׁתָּם v:4, Ez 40:10, 41:16;—three (Hex chiefly P):
1. no other num.: a. bef. n.pl., שָׁלשׁ 51 t., e.g. אַמוֹת שׁ׳: Ex 27:1 +, בָּאַמָּה שׁ׳: † 1 K 7:27, שְׁלשָׁה 90 t., e.g. Gn 18:2 + (so always שְׁלשׁ, שְׁלשֶׁת; rd. מִשְׁלשֶׁת Gn 38:24 Sam Di; = מִשְּׁ׳:, from מִן־); after n. (late: on 1 S 1:24 v. [שִׁלֵּשׁ) 1 Ch 25:5 + 17 t.; n. om. 1 S 17:4, 2 S 24:12 = 42 t. b. = ordin. יָמִים לִשׁ׳: Ex 19:5 on third day; הַיּוֹם שׁ׳: הַיָּמִים 1 S 9:20, הַיּוֹם הַשּׁ׳: 30:13, both = three days ago; esp. לְ בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳: 1 K 15:28 + 7 t. (Ges:§ 134 o).
2. 13, c. n.f.: שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵהשָׁנַה Gn 17:25, 1 K 7:1 + (as ordin.) Gn 14:4 († שְׁלשׁ־), Je 1:2, 25:3; before ערים Jos 21:19; after, 19:16 + 3 t., before עִיר Jos 21:33, 1 Ch 6:43, אַמּוֹת Ez 40:11; c. n.m. שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר before פָּרִים Nu 29:14; after, v:13; ordin. before יוֹם Est 3:12, 9:1; after, v:17; יוֹם om. 3:13, 8:12, 9:18; גוֹרָל om. 1 Ch 24:13, 25:20, 26:11.
3. 300 = שְׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת Gn 5:22 + 59 t. (1 Ch 11:11 perh. intentional change [HPS:Sm] from ‖שְׁמֹנֶה 2 S 23:8 which certainly orig., Vrss Th We Dr and mod.); 3000 = שְׁלשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Ex 32:28 +28 t.
4. c. tens, שׁ׳: foll. Nu 1:43 + 11 t., precedes Lv 12:4 +17 t., + (as ordin.) 3 + 20 Je 52:30 +3 t.; 20 + 3 2 K12:7 + 2 t.
5. as round, or conventional, no.: 2 (or) 3, Am 4:8, Dt 17:6, Jos 7:3, 2 K 9:32, Is 17:6; 3 (and) 4, Pr 30:15, 30:18, 30:21, 30:29; three days’ journey Ex 3:18, 5:3, 8:23, etc.
† 1. [שִׁלֵּשׁ]Pi. denom. do a third time, devide into three parts, etc.;—Pf. 2 ms. וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֫ Dt 19:3 divide land into three parts (so Impf. וַיְשַׁלֵּשׁ אֶת־הָעָם [for MT וַיְשַׁלַּח] 2 S 18:2 LXXL Bu); 1 S 20:19 stay three days (cf. Dr); v:20 We Dr al. (cf. LXX) read אֲשַׁלֵּשׁ בַּ׳: (for שְׁלשֶׁת חַ׳:) = I will shoot on the third day with the arrows (HPS qu.); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְשַׁלֵָּשׁוּ 1 K 18:34, and Imv. mpl. שַׁלֵָּשׁוּ v:34 do a third time. Pu. Pt. מְשֻׁלָּשׁ three years old Gn 15:9 + 1 S 1:24 (read with LXX Th We etc. בְּפַר מְשֻׁלָּשׁ for בְּפָרִם שְׁלשָׁה), f. מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת Gn 15:9, 15:9; הַחוּט הַמְשֻׁלָּשׁ Ec 4:12 the threefold cord; fgl. מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת Ez 42:6 three-storied chambers.
שְׁלִישִׁי m. שְׁלִישִׁית f. adj. num. ord.:108 third;—יוֹם שְׁלִישִׁי Gn 1:13 + 31 t., etc. (64 t., rarely שְׁלִשִׁי); pl. שְׁלִשִׁים (third 50, set of messengers, etc.) 1 S 19:21, 2 K 1:13 + 4 t.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית 1 K 18:1 + 4 t., etc. (33 t.; sometimes שְׁלִשִׁית, שְׁלִשִׁת, etc.); = third part, a third 2 S 18:2, 18:2, 18:2 + 13 t., + (cstr.) Nu 15:6 + 4 t., + שְׁלִשִׁתֵיח (Ges§ 911) Ez 5:12 third part of thee; = third time 1 S 3:8; also שְׁלִישִׁיָּה Is 19:24 third (on par with other two); בַּשְּׁלִישִׁים Ez 42:3 in the thirds, i.e. third story;—עֶגְלַת שׁ׳: 15:5, Je 48:34, v. ע׳: p. 722.—שְׁלִישִׁ֫תָה Ez 21:19 is corrupt and doubtful; Krae prop. וְשֻׁלְּשָׁה the sword shall be doubled and trebled; other conj. in Co Toy. 1 S 20:5 del. הַשּׁ׳: LXX We Dr al., so v:12. 2 S 23:18 read הַשְּׁלשִׁם SyrVer We Dr al.
† שִׁלְשֹׁם and (less oft.) שִׁלְשׁוֹם:25 adv. = three days ago, specif. day before yesterday (Kö:ii. 1. 255 f. Lag:BN 20 Anm. Ba:NB § 216 b);—in phr. תְּמוֹל שׁ׳: Ex 5:8 yesterday (and) day before, idiomat. for hitherto, so Ru 2:11, אֶתְמוֹל שׁ׳: 1 S 4:7; שׁ׳ :כִּת׳: Gn 31:2, 31:5 (E), Ex 5:7, 5:14 (J), 2 K 13:5, cf. 1 S 14:21, 19:7; גַּם־שׁ׳ :גַּם־ת׳: Ex 4:10 (J), 2 S 3:17, 1 Ch 11:2, cf. 2 S 5:2; שׁ׳ :מִתּ׳: from aforetime, previously Ex 21:29, 21:36 (E), Dt 4:42, 19:4, 19:6, Jos 4:18 (J), 3:4, 20:5 (both R), cf. 1 S 10:11; שׁ׳ :כִּת׳: 1 S 21:6 as formerly (but Bu שׁ׳ :מִתּ׳: = for some days).—שׁ׳: Pr 22:20 Kt is difficult; Qr שָׁלִשִׁים (v. III. שָׁלִישׁ) is imposs.; supply perhaps תְּמוֹל have I not thee heretofore, etc.?
שְׁלשִׁים (very seldom שְׁלשִׁפ, שְׁלוֹשִׁים):174 n.indecl. thirty;—
1. bef. N. sg.: אַמָּה Gn 6:15 + 3 t., +, c. בָּאַמָּה Ex 26:8 +3 t.; שָׁנָה 2 S 5:4 + 12 t. (age of paternity, of Levitical or royal duty, etc.), אִישׁ Ju 14:19 + 3 t., etc.; bef. n.pl. בָּנִים Ju 10:4, 12:9, אֲנְשִׁים Je 38:10 (read here prob. Hv;lv] Ew Hi Gf al.), less common words Ez 40:17, Ezr 1:9, 1:10, etc.; after n.pl. Gn 32:16, פְּעָמִים שׁ׳: Ez 41:6; אֶלֶף שׁ׳: 1 Ch 23:3 +, אֲלָפִים שׁ׳: Ezr 2:35, Ne 7:38; שׁ׳: foll. units Gn 11:12 + 14 t., precedes 1 K 22:42 + 29 t.; שׁ׳: foll. 100 (1000, etc.) Gn 5:5 + 15 t., precedes 5:3 + 21 t.
2. as ordin. שְׁנַת שׁ׳ :(בִּ)וְאַחַת שָׁנְה לְ שָׁנָה לְ 1 K 16:23, cf. v:29 + 4 t.; שָׁנְה om. Ne 5:14 + 4 t.; שְׁנַת om. 2 K 25:27 = Je 52:31; שָׁנָךְ בִּשׁ׳: alone Ez 1:1.—1 S 13:5 read שְׁלשֶׁת LXXL We Dr al.; 2 S 23:13 read שְׁלשָׁה Qr Vrss Th and mod.; 1 Ch 11:11 read הַשְּׁלשֶׁת, הַשְּׁלשָׁה LXXL Kit Benz al. (so ‖ 2 S 23:8 for הַשָּׁלִשִׁי).
† 1. שׁ(י)שָׁלִ n.[m.] third (part, i.e. of ephah? dub.), name of a measure;—for dust Is 40:12, tears Ps 80:6 (in fig.), adv. acc. measure-wise.
† 11. [שָׁלִישׁ] n.[m.] pl. שָֽׁלִשִׁים, a (three-stringed ? three-barred? three-corned?) mus. Instr., perhaps a sistrum (so Vulgate), or ‘triangle’ (RVm: cf. Prince:EB iii. 3228), 1 S 18:6 (+ בְּתֻפִּים).
† III. שָׁלִישׁ n.m. adjutant or officer (best explained as third man (in chariot), v. esp. Hpt:BAS iv. 586 f. Bender:ZAW xxiii (1903), 19 WMM:As. U. Eur. 329; v. also Kau:M.N.,DPV.1904, 19; doubted by Di:Ex 14, 7 Baen:ib. Buhl:14);—abs. שׁ׳: of king’s personal attendant at court 2 K 7:2, 7:17, 7:19, sf., military officer of king, שָֽׁלִשֹׁח 2 K 9:25, שָֽׁלִישׁוֹ 15:25 (on abnormal ָ֯ v. Ges:§ 93 xx Kö:ii. 1. 133, 449, 495); pl. שָֽׁלִישִׁים Ez 23:15 + (sts. שָֽׁלִשִׁם etc.) v:23, Ex 14:7, 2 K 10:25, 10:25, + (Qr) 2 S 23:8 (> Kt שׁלשׁי), 1 Ch 11:11, 12:19 (v:18 van d. H.; Kt in both, שׁלושׁים), read in all three הַשִּׁלשָׁה (ראֹשׁ) chief of the three LXXL We Dr Bu Now.—שָֽׁלִשִׁים Pr 22:20 Qr v. שִׁלְשֹׁם.
† II. [שִׁלֵּשׁ] adj. pertaining to the third;—only m.pl. as subst. שִׁלֵּשִׁים those of third generation (grandsons); בְּנֵי שׁ׳: Gn 50:23 (E) sons of those of third generation, i.e. great-grandsons (v. Kö:SK 1898, 533 ff.); וְעַל־רִבֵּעִים עַל־בָּנִים עַל־שׁ׳: Ex 20:5 (E; v. [רִבֵּעַ]} = Dt 5:9, Nu 14:18, cf. Ex 34:7 (both J).
† שֶׁ֫לֶשׁ (van d. H. שֵׁ֫לָשׁ) n.pr.m. in Asher, 1 Ch 7:35, Ζεμη, Α Σελλης, LXXL Σελεμ.
† שָׁלִ֫שָׁה n.pr.loc. doubtful;—אֶרֶץ־שׁ׳: 1 S 9:4, B LXXL Σελχα, A Σαλισσα; ? cf. בַּעַל שָׁלִשָׁה 2 K 4:42.
† שִׁלְשָׁה n.pr.m. in Asher, 1 Ch 7:37, Σαλεισα, LXXL Σελεμσαν.
† שַׁלְתִּיאֵל n. pr. m. (= שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל Thes Buhl);—father of Zerub. Hg 1:12, 1:14, 2:2; Σαλαθιηλ.
שָׁם adv. there, thither (Ar. شَمَّ there, cf. شُمُّ then; BAram. תַּמָּה, Eg. Aram. תמה S-C:Pap. A 4, J 6, Targum תַּמָּן (with demonstr. n, cf. אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syr. ܬܰܡܳܢ; Zenj:Had. 8 (Cooke:159) שם);—
1. a. there Gn 2:8, 2:12, 11:2, 11:7, 11:31 + oft.; placed early in sentence for emph., Mi 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּחֵָלִי, Na 3:15, Ez 32:22, 32:24, Ps 104:26 +, וְשָׁם : Gn 41:12, Ex 15:27, Nu 13:22, 13:33 +, וְשָׁם שָׁם:Ex 15:25, Dt 12:14, Is 27:10, Jb 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם : Gn 29:2, כִּי שָׁם : 11:9, 21:31, 35:7, 2 S 1:21, 15:21 +, אַח שָׁם : Is 34:14, 34:15, גַּם שָׁם : 23:12, 57:7, Ps 139:10; resuming a preceding ‘ where, ’ Jb 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Ju 5:27, Je 22:12, Ec 11:3, cf. 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם שָׁם: here there Is 28:10, 28:13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, Ps 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear ! 36:12, cf. 48:7, 66:6, 132:17; Hos 6:7, Zp 1:14.—Hb 3:4 read probably (We Now) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Ec 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perh. שָׂם Hi De al. b. preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Gn 2:11, Ex 20:21, 1 S 9:10 +, usu. with one or more words between, Gn 13:3, 13:14, 19:27, Ex 29:42, 2 S 11:16, 2 K 23:27 + oft.; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם † Gn 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the rel. being indic. by cstr., Ges:§ 130 c, d) Ez 39:11 מְקוֹם שָׁם קֶבֶר בְּיִשְׂר׳: a place where a grave (may be) in Isr., but LXX Targum Co Or al. read שֵׁם a place of renown.
2. thither, after vbs. of motion ( = שָׁ֫מָּה, v. 3), Dt 1:37 לאֹ תָבאֹ שָׁם, Ju 19:15, 21:10, 1 S 2:14, 9:6 al.; שָׁם אֲשֶׁר: whither, 1 K 18:10, 21:18, 2 K 1:4, 1:6, 1:16, Is 20:6, more oft. in Je Ez, as Je 8:3, 22:27, 23:3, 23:8, 45:5 +, Ez 4:13, 12:16, 36:20, 36:22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם Ps 122:4.
3. with ה loc., שָׁ֫מָּה (shāmmāh): a. after vbs. of motion, thither, Gn 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, v:22, 20:13, 24:6, 29:3, Dt 1:38 + oft.; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Ex 16:33 וְתֶן־שָׁ֫מָּה מְלאֹ הָעֹמֶר, 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, 30:18, Ju 8:25, 2 K 12:10; pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Gn 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶת־מֵתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, 25:10, 49:31, 50:5 (all P), נוֹעַד to meet Ex 29:42, 29:43, 30:6, 30:36, Nu 17:19 (all P), Jos 2:16, 7:3, Je 13:7, Jo 4:7, perh. Ct 8:5 (? c). b. שָׁ֫מָּה אֲשֶׁר: whither Gn 20:13, Nu 33:54, Dt 4:5, 4:14 + oft.; where 2 K 23:8, 1 Ch 4:41. c. more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Gn 43:30 וַיֵּבְח שָׁ֫מָּה, Jos 2:1, Ju 16:27, 2 K 4:11, 9:16, Ho 2:17, Is 22:18, 34:15, 65:9, Je 18:2, 27:22, Ez 23:3, 32:29, 32:30 (v:22, v:24, v:26 שָׁם), 48:35 שָׁ֫מָּה י׳:, Ps 76:4, 122:5, Ec 3:16.
4. מִשָּׁם from there, thence: a. oft. after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Gn 2:10, 11:8, 11:9, 12:8, 18:16, 24:7, 42:2, etc., Nu 13:23, 21:12, 22:41 זַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Dt 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, 30:4, Je 37:12, Ho 2:17, Am 9:2, 9:3, 9:4, Jb 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Gn 49:24 מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר׳: Ges De RVm from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (י׳:), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ew Di Sta from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so SyrVer) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ew Di). b. מִשָּׁם אֲשֶׁר: whence Gn 24:5, Nu 23:13 +. c. expressing origin, Gn 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Phil., Ju 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, 1 S 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Is 65:20. d. of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Gn 27:9, 30:32 (of חאֹן), Lv 2:2 וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם זגו׳: (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), 1 K 17:13 אַח עֲשִׁי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה i.e. from the meal and oil, 2 K 7:2, 7:19 :וּמִשָּׁם לאֹ תאֹכֵֽל, Ez 5:3.
I. שֵׁם:864 n.m.:2 S 7:9 name (√ unknown; Thes שׁמה, cf. Ba:ZMG xli (1887), 635; Lag:BN 160 ושׁם, Ar. وَسَمَ brand, mark, cf. RS:K 213, 303 ff. Kö:ii. 1. 104; NH=BH (esp. הַשֵּׁם = יהוה); Ph. שם Lzb:377; As. šumu; Sab. סם Hom:Chr 124; Eth. sm: Ar. إِسْمُ, أُسْمُ, سِمُ, سُمُ; Aram. שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, also שׁוּם, שֻׁם (Kö:ii. 1. 512), ܫܶܡ, ܫܡܳܐ, Oaram., Palm. שם Lzb:377);—abs. שׁ׳: Gn 6:4 +; cstr. שׁ׳: Gn 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁם־ 1 S 8:2 +; sf. שְׁמִי Ex 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Gn 32:9 +, שְׁמֶָךָ 1 K 18:31 +, etc.; pl. שֵׁמוֹת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Gn 2:20 +; cstr. שְׁמוֹת Ex 6:16 +, sf. שְׁמוֹתָם Nu 13:4 +, שְׁמוֹתָן Ez 23:4, 23:4;—name:
1. of river Gn 2:11, 2:13, 2:14, beasts v:19, v:20, city 26:33 (all J) +; היּוֹם שׁ׳: † Ez 24:2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ הַזֶּה אֶת־עֶחֶם הַיּ׳:).
2. a. usu. of pers.: Gn 4:17, 4:19, 4:19 (J) +; as signif. 1 S 25:25, cf. Pr 21:24; esp. in phr. וּשְׁמוֹ אֶלְקָנָה וַיְהִי אִישׁ: 1 S 1:1, cf. 9:1, 9:2, Je 37:13 + 28 t.; less oft. as גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֹ 1 S 17:4, cf. Zc 6:12 + 5 t. (cf. in As. Krae:BAS i. 430); freq. c. קָרָא (q. v. 6, and Niph. 2, Pu.; note here, עַל נִקְרָא שׁ׳: in token of ownership 2 S 12:28 (v. Dr), Is 4:1); rarely, שִׂים אֶת־שְׁמוֹ אֲבִימֶלֶח Ju 8:31, cf. 2 K 17:34, Ne 9:7; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ׳: Dn 1:7; c. יֵאָמֵר Gn 32:29 (J); change of name is without vb., as Gn 17:15 (P), or (usu.) c. יִהְיֶה Gn 35:10 (P) Isr. shall be thy name. cf. 17:5, 1 K 18:31, 1 Ch 22:9, also וַיַסֵּב אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יְהו׳: 2 K 23:34 = 2 Ch 36:4, cf. 2 K 24:17, and (suj. י׳:) עוֹלָם אֶתֶּן־לוֹ שׁ׳: Is 56:5; מַה־שְּׁמֶָךָ Gn 32:28, cf. Ex 3:13, Pr 30:4, מִית שְׁמֶָךָ Ju 13:17; be explicitly mentioned is: וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֹת Ezr 10:16, נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ׳: Nu 1:17, 1 Ch 16:41, 2 Ch 28:15, 31:10, Ezr 8:20, הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ׳: 1 Ch 4:38, וַיָבזֹם בְּשׁ׳: v:41; of things, וּבְשֵׁמוֹת תִּקְדוּ Nu 4:32 (P), + v:27 (read בְּשֵׁמֹת LXX Di Baen Gray); יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Ex 33:12 (subj. י׳:), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), cf. v:17 (both J); פ׳ :בְּשׁ׳: as the representative of 1 S 25:5, 25:9, 1 K 21:8, Je 29:25, Est 2:22, 3:12, 8:8, 8:8, 8:10 (cf. also 3). b. = reputation; (1) וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֫ךָ Gn 12:2 (J), גָּדוֹל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר וִעָשִׂתִי לִךָ שׁ׳: בָּאָרֶץ 2 S 7:9; † make oneself a name וְנַעֲשֶׂח לָנוּ שׁ׳: Gn 11:4 (J), וַיַּעַשׂ לוֹ שׁ׳: 2 S 8:13, of י׳: Je 32:20, hence Ne 9:10, Dn 9:15, Is 63:12, 63:14, so c. שׂוּם 2 S 7:23 = 1 Ch 17:21; וַיֵּחֵא לָח שֵׁם בְּ׳: Ez 16:14 (cf. 1 Ch 14:17), 2 Ch 26:15 עַד־לְמֵרָחוֹק, v:8 וַיֵּלֶח שְׁמוֹ עַד־לְ׳:; 2 S 23:18, 23:22; = fame, glory, Zp 3:19, 3:20, Ez 39:13.—34:29 read perh. שָׁלֽם LXX Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם; Krae conj. שָׁמֵן; אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם Gn 6:4 (J), Nu 16:2 (J), אַנְשֵׁי שֵׁמוֹת 1 Ch 5:24, 12:31 (van d. H. v:30); c. neg. בְלִי־שֵׁם בְּנֵי Jb 30:8; Jb 30:3; (2) bad sense, וְהוֹחִא עָלָיהָ שֵׁם רָָע Dn 22:14, cf. v:no Daniel 2219, Ne 6:13; = byword Ez 23:10; טְמֵאַת הַשּׁ׳: 22:5. c. esp. as giving a man kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons, אֵין־לִי בֵן בֵּעֲבוּר הַזְכֵּיר שְׁמִי 2 S 18:18, לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ׳: Dt 25:7, cf. v:6, Ru 4:5, 4:10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Dt 25:6, cf. Nu 27:4 (P), Ru 4:10, so that to destroy one’s name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sts. Is ‖חֶרַע ) 1 S 24:22 (Gi v:21), 2 S 14:7 (‖שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples Dt 7:24, 9:14, 12:3, Is 14:22 +; לאֹ יִוָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֹד Na 1:14 (of Nineveh); כֵּן יַעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם Is 66:22; more abstr. (‖זֵכֶר ) Jb 18:17, Pr 10:7.
3. name, as designation of God, specif. of י׳: (esp. Je Ez Is:2, Is:3, Psalm Psalm):—first (in Hex) in phr. י׳ :בְּשׁ׳ :ק׳: Gn 4:26 (J), call with, i.e. use the name י׳: in worship, so 12:8, 13:4, 21:33, 26:35 + (v. קרא 2 c); hence, of place of worship, בְּכָל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַוְּכִּיר מאת־שְׁמִי שָׁם Ex 20:24 (Gi v:21); אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם Dt 12:5, 12:11 +; בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי 2 S 7:13 + oft.; people come י׳ :לְשׁ׳: Jos 9:9 (R:D), so לְמֵעַן שׁ׳: 1 K 8:41 = 2 Ch 6:32, Is 60:9; seek it Ps 83:17; swear with י׳ :בְּשׁ׳: 1 S 20:42, Dt 6:13, 10:20, Lv 19:12, cf. (לַשָּׁוְא) Ex 20:7, 20:7 = Dt 5:11, 5:11; י׳ :תָּפַשׁ׳: Pr 30:9; נִקְרָא שְׁמִיעַל־, etc., in token of ownership (cf. 2 a), Je 7:10 + (v. p. 869a); = his reputation, fame, c. עָשָׁה לוֹ, v. 1 b (1), cf. Jos 7:9; י׳ :בְּשׁ׳:, i.e. as his representative Ex 5:23 (J), 1 S 17:45, Dt 10:8, 2 S 6:18, 2 K 2:24 + (v. 2 a ad fin.); esp. as embodying the (revealed) character of י׳:: שְׁמוֹ י׳: Am 5:8, 9:6, Je 33:2, וֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם Ex 3:15 (E; ‖זֵכֶר ; fundamental passage), 6:3 (P); עְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ (א׳:) י׳: Am 4:13, 5:27, Je 10:16, 46:18 + 10 t. Je Is:2, קַנָּא שְׁמוֹ י׳: Ex 34:14 (J; cf. 20:5, Na 1:2), קָדוֹשׁ שׁ׳: Is 57:15, שׁ׳: [וֹ] קָדְשִׁי Am 2:7, Ez 39:7, 43:7, Ps 103:1 + oft.; hence object of knowledge Is 52:6, Je 48:17, יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶָךָ Ps 9:11 (‖דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ ), love Is 56:5, אֹהֲבֵי שׁ׳: Ps 5:12, 69:37, 119:132, fear 61:6, esp. of praise, etc. (חִלֵּל, הִזְכִּיר, הוֹדָה, בֵּרַח, etc.): לְשִׁמְךָ אֲוַמֵּר 2 S 22:50 (‖אוֹדְךָ and so very oft. ‖ י׳:) = Ps 18:50, cf. 1 Ch 16:10, 29:13, Ps 45:18, Is 26:13, 1 K 8:33, 8:35 = 2 Ch 6:24, 6:26, Ps 8:2, 8:9 +; כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ חָבוּלי׳: 29:2, 96:8, and many comibinations; opp. א׳ :חִלֵּל אֶת־שׁ׳: Lv 18:21 +, י׳ :נקב שׁ׳: 24:16, נִאֵץ שׁ׳: Ps 74:10, 74:18, etc.; הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא הַשּׁ׳: Dt 28:58, cf. Ne 1:11; לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ, in appeals to י׳: to act acc. to his character Je 14:7, 14:21, Ez 20:9, 20:14, Is 48:9, 66:5, Ps 25:11, 31:4 +; י׳ :שׁ׳: is powerful agent, בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֹשִׁיעֵנִי 54:3 (‖בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ ), cf. 124:8; of מַלְאַךָ י׳:, י׳: says שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ Ex 23:21 (E); הַשֵּׁם Lv 24:11 is prob. scribal substitution for word י׳: (already beginning to be thought ineffable, esp. c. וַיִקֹּב cf. Gei:Urschr.273 f. Di Dr-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of הַשּׁ׳: as personif. or hypostasis, v. Levy:NHWB s.v. Jastr:s.v.—קָרוֹב שְׁמֶָךָ Ps 75:2 is striking, but doubtful, < LXX Dy Che Gr Hup-Now קֹרְאֵי שׁ׳:, Du קָרָנוּ בִשׁ׳: (= קָרָאנוּ).
4. of false gods, use forbidden Ex 23:13 (E), Jos 23:7 (R:D), cf. Ho 2:19, Ps 16:4; speak בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים Dt 18:20; א׳ :קָרָא בְשׁ׳: 1 K 18:24, 18:25, 18:26; א׳ :יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ׳: Mi 4:5.
5. = memorial, monument Is 55:13 (‖אוֹת ; so Che Du > = fame Di-Kit), יָד וָשֵׁם טוֹב מִבָּנִים וגו׳: 56:5 (with word-play on שׁ׳: 1 c).
† II. שֵׁם n.pr.m. first son of Noah;—Gn 5:32, 6:10, 7:13, 10:1, 10:22, 10:31, 11:10, 11:10, 11:11 (all P), 9:18, 9:23, 9:26, 9:27, 10:21 (all J), 1 Ch 1:4, 1:17, 1:24; σημ.
† שֶׁמְאֵ֫בֶר n.pr.m. king of Ṣₑboîm;—Gn 14:2, συμοβορ, LXX σνμορ.
שְׁמוּאֵל:140 n.pr.m. Samuel (= name of Ēl Thes al. (or, his name is Ēl Hom:Heb.Trad. 98 f. Wkl:KAT 3. 225 Now 181, 20), cf. פּנוּאֵל, רְעוּאֵל; v. Dr:181, 20; Prät:ZMG 1903, 777 ff. caritative from יִשְׁמָעֵאל; Palm. שמואל Lzb:377; v. further Gie:AT Schätzung d. Gottesn. (1901), 102 ff.);—
1. great prophet, 11th cent. B.C., σαμουηλ: 1 S 1:20 (name expl. as if from שָׁאַל), 1:18, 1:21, 1:26 + 125 t. 1 S, 1 Ch 6:13, 6:18, 9:22, 11:3, 26:28, 29:29, 2 Ch 35:18, Je 15:1, Ps 99:6. †
2. in Simeon, Nu 34:30 (P), σαλαμιηλ. †
3. in Issachar 1 Ch 7:2, (I) σαμουηλ.
† שְׁמִידָָע n.pr.m. in Manasseh (the name knoweth? cf. Sab. ירעסמהו DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16);—Nu 26:22 (συμαερ), Jos 17:2, 1 Ch 7:19, συμαρειμ, etc.; LXXL σαμ(ε)ιδα(ε).
† שְׁמִידָעִי adj.gent. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳: Nu 26:32.
† שְׁמִירָמוֹת n.pr.m. (here acc. to Thes who qu. nom. altitudinum, i.e. perhaps of heavens): Levites, Σαμε(ι)ραμωθ:
1. 1 Ch 15:18, 15:20, 16:5.
2. 2 Ch 17:8 Qr (Kt שמרימות).
שׁמא (√ of following).
† שִׁמְאָה n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:32 Σεμαα, Σαμαα, etc., = following.
† שִׁמְאָם n.pr.m. = foreg., 1 Ch 9:38, Σαμα(α). שַׁמָּא v. שַׁמָּה √ שׁמם. שֶׁמְאֵ֫בֶר v. שֵׁם.
† שַׁמְגַּר n.pr.m. a ‘ judge, ’ son of Anath, Ju 3:31 5:6, Σαμα[ε]γαρ (on this name (Hittite?) cf. GFM:Ju 3:31; Nö:ZMG xiii (1888), 479 conj. שׁמגד).
[שָׁמַד]:90 vb. Niph. be exterminated, destroyed (NH der. Spec.; Aram. שְׁמַד Pa. cause to apostatize (Jastr); Syr.ܫܰܡܶܕ seems disputed (in Lexx.); Nö:Eut. Nab.32 curse; Ba:ES 10 cites As. ašmud, I destroyed; Gerber:112 thinks vb. denom.);—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִשְׁמַד Ez 32:12 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁמֵ Is 48:19, Pr 14:11; 2 mpl. תִּשָּׁמֵדָוּן Dt 4:26; Inf.abs. הִשָּׁמֵד v:26; cstr.sf. הִשָּׁמֶדְךָ Dt 28:20, etc.;—†
1. of pers. be annihilated, exterminated, Gn 34:30 (J), Ju 21:16, 2 S 21:5 (+ מֵהִתְיַצֵּב בְּ;—but rd. שׁמִידֵגוּ LXX Ew We Dr al.), Ps 37:38 (‖נִכְדָת ), 83:11; of people Dt 4:26 (הִשָּׁמֵד תּשּׁ׳:), 7:23, 12:30(+ מִפָּנֶתךָ 28:20 (‖אָבַד v:24, v:45, v:51, v:61, Je 48:42 (+מֵעִם. Ez 33:12, Ps 92:8 (+ עֲדֵי־עַד, cf. also וְלאֹ יִשָּׁמֵד שְׁמוֹ מִלְּפָנָי֑ Is 48:19 (+ יִכָרֵת; וַרְעֶָךָ etc., in ‖ clause). †
2. be destroyed, of bamoth, Ho 10:8, cf. (בֵּית רְשָׁעִים) Pr 14:11; be devastated, of land, Je 48:8 (‖אבר ). Hiph.:69 Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁמִיד Dt 2:22 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁמִיד Is 13:9 +, וַיַּשְׁמֵד 1 K 16:12, 2 K 10:28, etc.; Imv. ms. הַשְׁמֵד Dt 33:27; Inf. abs. הַשְׁמֵד Is 14:28, יֵ֯ד Am 9:8; cstr. לְהַשְׁמִיר Jos 9:24 +, also † עַד הִשְׁמִידְךָ Dt 7:24, וֹ- 28:48, ָ֯ ם - Jos 11:14 (but rd. in all הַשׁ׳:, as Jos 23:15, v. Dr:Dt 7:24), לַשְׁמִד † Is 23:11, etc.;—1. annihilate, exterminate: acc. pers. vel gent., subj. י׳: vel pers. hum., Dt 1:27, 2:22 (+ מִפְּנֵי pers.), 6:15 (+ מֵעַל־פְּנֵי הָאֲרָמָה), 9:20 + 16 t. Dt, Jos 7:12 (acc. הַחֵרֶם; + מִקִּרְבְּכֶם), 9:24 +4 t. Jos (all R:D), 2 K 14:16, 1 K 13:34, Am 9:8, Is 13:9, 26:14, Est 3:6, 3:13 + 23 t.; acc. פִּרְיוֹ וְשָׁרָשָׁיו (fig.) Am 2:9, cf. Ez 34:16 (but Vrss Co Toy al. [not Hi Krae] אֶשְׁמֹר); אֶת־שְׁמִי הִשׁ׳: 1 S 24:22 (Gi v:21), 2 S 22:38, 1 K 16:12, Ps 145:20; הַשְׁמֵר as subst., Is 14:23 besom of extermination; acc. אֶת־הַבַּעַל 2 K 10:28, of extirpating Baal-worship מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. † 2. destroy, cities Mi 5:13, fortresses Is 23:11, bamoth Lv 26:30 (H), Nu 33:52 (P; ‖אִבֵּד ), חֹזֶק מַמְלְכוֹת הַגּוֹיִם Hg 2:22.
שָָׁמֶד n.pr.m. 1 Ch 8:12 Gi Baer, v. שֶׁמֶר p.1037
[שֻׁמָה] n.pr.m. whence the following:
† שֻׁמָתִי adj.gent. in Caleb, c.art. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳: 1 Ch 2:53; Ησαμαθειμ[ν], δ Σαμαθι.
שׁמה (appar. √of foll.; Sta§324 a.; so Thes, cp. Ar. سَمَا be high, lofty (or is this secondary?); Jen:Kosmol. (1890), 6 cp. As šamû, id. (>šamû = sparkle, Id:ZK ii (1885), 53); cf. D1:WB).
[שָׁמַי]n.m.:Dt 33:28 only pl. שָׁמַ֫יִם:421 (Sta§324 a) heavens, sky (NH id.; As. šamû pl. šamê, šamûtu, also šamâmu, cf. Ph. שמם; Sab. סמה Hom:Chr 46, 124; Ar. سَمَأُ Eth. sam4y: Aram. שְׁמַיָּא, ܫܡܰܝܳܐ; Palm. Nab. ן(י)שמ in n.pr. (cpd. with בעל) Lzb:153 GACooke:45; on pl. form v. Ba:ZMG xiii (1888), 341 f.);—abs. שׁ׳: Gn 1:1 +, מָָיִם- Gn 2:4 +; הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Ex 9:8 +; cstr. שְׁמֵי Dt 10:14 + 9 t.; sf. שָׁמֶיךָ Ps 8:4 +2 t., שָׁמָיו Dt 33:28, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:19, c. vb. pl., Ho 2:23;—
1. a. visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are Ju 5:20, Gn 15:5 (J), Dt 4:19, Gn 1:14, 1:15, 1:17 (P), hence כּוֹכְבֵי הַשּׁ׳: 22:17 (JE) = 9 t. (usu. as countless), חְבָא הַשּׁ׳ :(כָּל־) Dt 4:19, Je 8:2 + ( ח׳: 1 c; rarely of angels, ח׳: 1 b; before which fowl fly Gn 1:20 (P), cf. Dt 4:17, Je 8:7, Pr 30:19, עוֹף הַשּׁ׳: Gn 2:19 (J), 1:19 (P) + (עוֹף 1), חִפֹּר שׁ׳: † Ps 8:9, נִשְׁרֵי שׁ׳: † La 4:19; as רָקִיע (q.v.) Gn 1:8 (P), Ps 19:2, with waters beneath and above Gn 1:9 (P, cf. v:7), Ps 148:4, darkened with clouds 1 K 18:45, cleared by wind Jb 26:13; whence comes rain Gn 8:2 (J), Ju 5:4, Dt 11:11 +, and dew Gn 27:28 (J), v:39 (E), Dt 33:28 (poem) +. Cf. בִּרְכֹת שׁ׳: † Gn 49:25 (poem in J), מֶגֶר שׁ׳: † Dt 33:13 (poem), but also (destructive) fire 2 K 1:10, 1:10, Jb 1:16 + (v. also 2 a infr.); הֹבְרֵישׁ׳: Is 47:13, i.e. astrologers, cf. אוֹתוֹתהַשּׁ׳: Je 10:2; as high Gn 11:4 (J), Am 9:2 (opp. שְׁאוֹל), v:6 (opp. אֶרֶץ) +, עַד־לֵב הַשּׁ׳: Dt 4:11; as over all the earth, הַשּׁ׳:(כָּל־)תַּחַת Gn 6:17, 7:19 (both P), Dt 2:25, Ec 1:13 מִתַּחַת וגו׳: (of extermination) Ex 17:14 (E), Dt 7:24, 9:14 +; specif. of Israel, שָׁמֶיךָ Dt 28:23, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:19 (H); וּבֵין הָאָרֶץ בֵּין הַשּׁ׳: 2 S 18:9 (hung from tree), 1 Ch 21:16 (of angel), cf. Ez 8:3 (Ezekiel in vision), Zc 5:9 (flying ephah); וְעַד־קְחֵה מִקְּחֵה הַשּׁ׳: הַשּׁ׳: of limits of horizon Dt 4:32, cf. 30:4, Ne 1:9; Ps 19:7 as made by God Je 51:15 (opp. תֵּבֵל), Ps 8:4 + enduring Dt 11:21, Jb 14:12, Ps 89:30; esp.אָרֶץ(הָ)וְ שּׁ׳:(הַ) = universe (cf. in Sab., SabDenkn No.41.42, l.3) Dt 3:24, Gn 1:1(P) + (esp. Dt Je Is:2 Psalm, Psalm), + הַיָם Ex 20:11, Hg 2:6, etc., + מַיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ Ex 20:4= Dt 5:8, .cf. Pr 30:4, etc.; opp. תְּהוֹם Pr 8:27 (+ אֶרֶץ v:29) חֲרָשִׁים וְהָאָרֶץ חֲרָשָׁה שׁ׳: as part of future glory † Is 65:17, 66:22. b. phrases are: אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשּׁ׳: (letting rain through) † Gn 7:11, 8:2 (P), Mal 3:10 (fig.), cf. בַּשּׁ׳ :א׳ :הֲיַעֲשֶׂה י׳: 2 K 7:2, 7:19, so דַּלְתֵי שׁ׳: † Ps 78:23 (for manna), cf. דְָּגַן שׁ׳:, † v:24, לֶחֶם שׁ׳: † 105:40; מוֹסְדוֹת הַשּׁ׳: 2 S 22:8 (‖הָאָרֶץ ; in ךָ ךָ Ps 18:8 חָרִים מ׳:), עַמּוּרֵי שׁ׳: Jb 26:11, חוּג שׁ׳: 22:14; towards the sky is הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Jos 8:20(J), Ex 9:8, 9:10 (P), Jb 2:12, Ju 13:20, 20:40, 2 Ch 6:13; עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם Ex 9:22, 9:23, 10:21, 10:22(all E), אֶל־שׁ׳: Dt 32:40 (poem), Dn 12:7, שׁ׳: alone 1 K 8:22, 8:54, Jb 35:5, Pr 23:5.
2. a. as abode of God (י׳:) 1 K 8:30, 8:32 + oft., where he sits enthroned Ps 2:3, Is 66:1, etc., cf. רֹכֵבשׁ׳: Dt 33:26(poem), Ps 68:34, whence he rains brimstone Gn 19:24 (J), bread Ex 16:4 (E), cf. Ne 9:15, casts hailstones Jos 11:11 (E), talks with Israel Ex 20:22 (E; Gi v:19) +, cf. Gn 21:17, 22:11, 22:15 (E), looks down Dt 26:15 +, hears his people Ps 20:7+ 10 t. Chr, etc.; he thunders בַּשּׁ׳: 1 S 2:10 Psalm 18:14, ‖ מִן־שׁ׳: 2 S 22:14; he bends (נטה) שׁ׳: to come down v:10= Ps 18:10, cf. Ps 144:5 and (rend) Is 63:19; נִפְּתְּחוּ הַשּׁ׳: Ez 1:1 in vision of God, cf. שַׁעַר הַשּׁ׳: Gn 28:17 (E; + בֵּית אֱלֽהִים); though even שְׁמֵי הַשּׁ׳: the highest heuvens cannot hold him † Dt 10:14, 1 K 8:27, 2 Ch 6:18, 2 Ch 2:5, Ne 9:6, Ps 148:4, שְׁמֵי שְׁמֵי־קֶדֶם 68:34; he is called אֱלֽהֵי הַשּׁ׳: (post-ex. title) Ezr 1:2 = 2 Ch 36:23, + 11 t. Ezr Ne, Jon 1:9 (cf. Aram., Dn 2:18, 2:19, 2:37, 2:44; in Gn 24:7 add c. LXX וֵאלֽהֵי הָאָרֶץ, as v:3), אֵל־הַשׁ׳: Ps 136:26; his sword is בַּשׁ׳: Is 34:5, but also his חֶסֶד Ps 36:6, חֶדֶק 85:12, אֱמוּנָח 89:3, his word fixed 119:89.—שׁ׳: are † שָׁמָיו (of Israel) Dt 33:28 (poem), † שְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:19; † שָׁמֶיךָ Ps 8:4 144:5, † שְׁמֵי י׳: La 3:66, † קָדְשׁוֹ שׁ׳: Ps 20:7. † b. Elijah taken up הַפּ׳: in whirlwind 2 K 2:1, cf. v:11.
3. הַשּׁ׳: personified in various relations Is 1:2, Je 2:12, Jb 15:15, Ps 19:2, 50:6 = 97:6, 89:6 148:4. †
4. מְלֶכֶת הַשּׁ׳: v. מ׳: p. 573.
I, II.שַׁמָּה v. שׁמם. שָׂ֫מָּה v. שָׁם. p. 1027, 1031
† שַׁמְהוּת n.pr.m. captain of Israel 1 Ch 27:8, Σαλαωθ, A LXXL Σαμαωθ; prob,=II. שַׁמָּה 3 b, p. 1031
שְׁמוּאֵל v. sub שֵׁם. p. 1028
שַׁמּוֹת v. II. שַׁמָּה, √ שָׁמם. p.1031
שַׁמַּי v. √ שׁמם. שְׁמִירָע, דָעִי - v. שֵׁם. p.1029,1031
שַׁמְלַי Ezr 2:46, v. שַׁלְמַי. p. 969.
† [שָׁמַט] vb. let drop (NH id., loosen, detach, draw away, Niph. slip off; Aram. שְׁמַטּ loosen, pull away; ܫܡܰܛ draw sword, draw or pull away; Ar. سَمَطَ; is hang, suspend, II. release debtor (Kam), سِمْطُ string of pearls);—Qal let drop, fall: Imv. mpl. sf. + Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיִּשְׁמְטוּהָ (final ו dittogr.) שִׁמְטוּהָו 2 K 9:33 he said, Let her fall, and they let her fall; then fig., of letting land rest in seventh year:, 2 ms. sf.: תִּשְׁמְטֶנָּה Ex 23:11 (E); Pf. 2 ms. וְשָׁמַטְתָּ֫ה> Je 17:4 thou shalt let drop thy hand (read יָֽרְךָ for וּבְח JDMich and mod.) from (מִן) thine inheritance, i.e. abandon it; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹט Dt 15:2 let fall (a debt in seventh year; v. מַשֶּׁה p. 674 b).—Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְטוּ הַבָּקָר 2 S 6:6= 1 Ch 13:9 is dub., most naturally either they let the oxen fall (slip, stumble), or (as Targan) the oxen let it fall (reading שְׁמָטוֹ, sc. the ark); > Thes the oxen ran away; SyrVer slipped (the yoke)? v. further Dr. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִשְׁמְטוּ Ps 141:6 their judges have been thrown down. Hiph. 2 ms. (?) juss. (?) תַּשְׁמֵט Dt 15:3 thou, shalt cause thy hand to let drop, etc.; Ba:NB 147 Qal; < read תִּשְׁמֹט (cf. Dr), יָרֶָךָ: subj.
† שְׁמִטָּה n.f. a letting drop of exactions, a (temporary) remitting: תַּעֲשֶׂה שׁ׳: Dt 15:1(at end of seven years), v:2 לי׳ :כִּי קָרָא שׁ׳:; whence seventh year is שְׁנַת הַשּׁ׳: v:9, 31:10.
שְׁמִירָמוֹת v. sub שֵׁם. p. 1029.
† [שָׁמֵם] vb. be desolated, appalled (connex. of mngs. not clear) (NH id.; J Aram. שְׁמַם Ithp. be dazed);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. שָׁמֵָמָה Ez 35:15, etc.; Impf. 3ms. יִשֹּׁם; 1 K 9:8 +, 3mpl. יָשֹּׁ֫מּוּ Jb 17:8, Ps 40:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. שֹׁ֫מוּ Je 2:19; Inf. cstr. (?) metapl. שַׁמוֹת Ez 36:3 (Ges § 67 r, but v. infra);—תֵּשַׁם, etc. (v. [יָשַׁם]) are placed here by most; Ez 6:6 reads תִּישָָׁמְנָה, v. Ges § 67 p dd;—Pt. שׁוֹמֵם La 3:11 (v. also Pō‘.); f. שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה (Ges § 84 a s) 2 S 13:20 +; pl. שׁוֹמֵמִין La 1:14, etc.;—
1. be desolated, of Tamar 2 S 13:20 (i.e. deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of pers. elsewhere late La 1:16; נְתָנַנִי שֹׁמֵמָה v:13, שָׂמַ֫נִי 3:11; pt. as n.f. בְּנֵי שׁוֹמֵמָה Is 54:1 (opp. בְּעוּלָה) [Dn 8:13 + v. Pō‘.]; usu. of land, etc. (sts.=deserted), Is 49:8, Ez 33:28 (מֵאֵין עוֹבֵר), 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ Qr Co Toy Krae; >Kt שׁממה), v:15; הֶחְָרָבוֹת הַשֹּׁמִמוֹת 36:4 (‖הֶעָרִים הַנֱּעֶזָבוֹת שַׁמּוֹת) v:3 is prob. corrupt, Co שְׁאָט as v:5, Hi-Sm from שׁמה = נשׁם, Toy reads נָשֹׁם, Krae נָשֹׁם;—pt. fpl. as n. = desolate places Is 49:19, 61:4 (both ‖חֳרָבוֹת ), v:4 (cf. שְׁמָמָה 62:4); = desolations Dn 9:18, 9:26.
2. be appalled, awestruck, usu. at (עַל) judgments on others, Lv 26:32 (H), Je 2:12 (v. II. [חָרֵב]), Ez 26:16, 27:35, 28:19, Is 52:14, Jb 17:8, cf. 1 K 9:8 = 2 Ch 7:12, Je 18:16 19:8, 49:17, 50:13; on oneself Ps 40:16 (עַל־עֵקֶב).—Is 42:14 v. [נשׁם]. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נָשַׁ֫מָּה Je 12:11 +, 3 pl. נָשַׁ֫נּוּ Zp 3:6 +; Pt. f. נְשַׁמָּה Ez 36:34 +, etc.;—= Qal: 1. be desolated, of roads Lv 26:22 (H), Is 33:8, bamoth Am 7:9 (‖יֶחֱרָָבוּ ), altars Ez 6:4; cf. 25:3, 32:15, Zp 3:6, Zc 7:14, Jo 1:17, Ps 69:26; of lands Ez 29:12, 30:7, 36:34, 36:35, cities Is 54:3 (opp. יוֹשִׁיבוּ), cf. Ez 36:35, Am 9:14, Je 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Ez 36:36 the desolated (sc. land, in fig.). 2. be appalled Je 4:9, La 4:5, Ez 4:17, 30:7, c. עַל rei Jb 18:20. Pō‘ Pt 1. וָאֵֽשְׁבָה מְשׁוֹמֵם Ezr 9:3I sat appalled, cf. v:4 2. transit. appalling, causing horror (Dr Dn 150 f.): שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם (הַ) Dn 11:31, + perh. 9:27 a (v. שִׁקּוּץ); so also שֹׁמֵם שִׁוּ׳: 12:11 (on שׁ׳: v, Ges:§ 52 s), הַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם 8:13 the crime causing horror, and שׁ׳: as n. horror-causer, appaller, 9:27b. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הֲשִׁמּ֫וֹתָ Jb 16:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשּׁים (Ges:§ 67 y) Je 49:20, 50:45, 3 mpl. sf. וַיְשִׁמֵּם 1 S 5:6, 1 pl. נַשִּׁים Nu 21:30, etc.; Imv. mpl. הָשַׁמּוּ (Ges:§ 67 v) Jb 21:5; Inf. abs. הַשְׁמֵם Mi 6:13; Pt. מַשְׁמִים Ez 3:15;—1. devastate, ravage, acc. pers. 1 S 5:6, Ez 20:26, Ho 2:14 (fig. of vine), Jb 16:7; acc. loc. Lv 26:31, 26:32 (H) Je 10:25, Ez 30:12, 30:14, Ps 79:7, so (acc. am.) Nu 21:30 (poem in JE), Mi 6:13;—Ez 14:8 v. שִׂים Hiph. 2. a. appal, acc. pers., c. עַל at, Je 49:20, 50:45, Ez 32:10. b. inwardly trans., וָאֵשֵׁב מִשׁ׳: 3:15 shewing horror, Jb 21:5 (Bu Niph. הִשַּׁמוּ). Hoph. Inf. cstr. כָּל־יְמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה (sc. הָאָרֶץ) Lv 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate, so v:35, 2 Ch 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Ges:§ 67 y) Lv 26:43. Hithpō‘. Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם Ps 143:4, etc.;—1. be appalled, astounded, בִּ׳: that, because, Is 59:16, 63:5; עַל rei Dn 8:27; עבּתוֹכִי יִשְׁתּ׳: Ps 143:4 (cf. 1 pl. נשתומם Ecclus 43:24). 2. cause oneself desolation, ruin, Ec 7:16.
† שָׁמֵם adj. devastated;—שׁ׳: of sanctuary Dn 9:17; f. שְׁמֵמָה of land Je 12:11.
שְׁמָמָה:55 n.f. a devastation, waste;—abs. שׁ׳: Ex 23:29 +; pl. cstr. שִׁמְמוֹת Je 51:26 +;—waste, usu. of land, city, house, etc., Ex 23:29 (E), Is 1:7 (prob. del., with words foll. Stu:JP Th. 1877, 714 FB:JBL (1890), 84), Lv 26:33 (H), Je 4:27 + 14 t. Je (‖מֵאֵין אָדָם ונו׳: 32:43, מֵאֵין ישֵׁב 34:22), Ez 6:14 + 18 t. Ez (35:7 a read שְׁמָמָה וּמְשַׁמָּה for MT שִֽׁמְמָה וּשְׁמָמָה, so Hi Co Toy Krae al.) +; of prince, יִלְבַּשׁ שׁ׳: Ez 7:27; of idols Mi 1:7; כּוֹם שַׁמָּה ושׁ׳: Ez 23:33.—Ez 35:12 v. שׁמם Qal. p.1030
שִֽׁמְמָה Ez 35:7 v. foregoing.
† שַׁמָּא n.pr.m. in Asher,1 Ch 7:37, Σεμ(μ)α, etc.
† 1. שַׁמָּה n.f. waste, appalment (24 t. Je);—abs. שׁ׳: Je 5:30 +; pl. abs. שַׁמּוֹת Ps 46:9;—
1. a waste, of land, city, etc., Ho 5:9, Is 5:9, 13:9, 24:12, Zc 7:14, Je 2:15, 4:7, 18:16, 19:8, 46:19, 48:9, 50:3, 51:29, 51:43, vine Jo 1:7; pers. Ps 73:19; וּשְׁמָמָה בּוֹם שׁ׳: Ez 23:33.
2. appalment, horror, i.e. occasion of it; of people land etc., Dt 28:37, 2 K 22:19, Mi 6:16, Zp 2:15, Je 5:30, 25:9, 25:11, 25:18, 25:38, 29:18, 44:12, 44:22, 49:13, 49:17, 50:23, 51:37, 51:41, 2 Ch 29:8, 30:7; הֶחֱזִָקָתְנִ׳ :שׁ׳: Je 8:21.
† II. שַׁמָּה n.pr.m. 1. in Edom Gn 36:13, 36:17, 1 Ch 1:37 usu. Σομε. 2. third son of Jesse 1 S 16:9, 17:13, Σαμ(μ)α, LXXL Σαμαα; v. שִׁמְעָא, שִׁמְעָה, שִׁמְעִי. 3. Σαμαια(ς), etc., heroes of David: a. 2 S 23:11 (om. accid. ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 Dr), v:33. b. v:25 = שַׁמּוֹת 1 Ch 11:27, Σαμαωθ, Σαμ(μ)ωθ; prob. also שַׁמְהוּת 1 Ch 27:8. p 1030,1035
שַׁמּוֹת n.pr.m. v. foregoing.
† שַׁמַּי n.pr.m. in Judah:
1. 1 Ch 2:28, 2:28, 2:32, Σαμ(μ)αι, etc.
3. 1 Ch 4:17, Σεμεν, Σεμμαι, Σαμι.
† שִׁמָּמוֹן n. [m.] appalment, horror (Ba:NB 324 336; another view Lag:BN 202, 203);—abs. Ez 4:16 drink water בְּשׁ׳:, so 12:19.
† מְשַׁמָּה n.f. = שַׁמָּה:—abs.
1. = devastation, waste, אֶת־הָאָרֶץ שְׁמָמָה וּמ׳ :וְנָתַתִּ׳: Ez 6:14, 33:28, cf. v:29, 35:3, + 35:7 a, v. שְׁמָמָה; pl. מְשַׁמּוֹת Is 15:16 = Je 48:34.
2. horror, וּמ׳ וְהָֽיְתָה חֶרְפָּה :: Ez 5:15.
שָׁמָּה v. שָׁם. שְׁמָמִית v. שְׂמָמִית. p. 971,1027
† I. [שָׁמֵן] vb. grow fat (NH Hiph. id., also שֶׁמֶן Ar. سَمِنَ be fat; Aram. ܫܡܶܢ esp. der. spec. and deriv.; שְׁמֵין adj. fat: As. šammu, fat; Ph (Pun.) שמן oil, so Palm. שמנא Lzb:378; on relation of meanings Frä:147);—Qal Pf. 2 ms. שָׁמַ֫נְתָּ Dt 32:15 and Impf. 3 ms וַיִשְׁמַן v:15 both of Israel (prosperous and arrogant) under fig. of fat beast; so Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְנוּ Je 5:28 (of wicked). Hiph Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַשְׁמִינוּ Ne 9:25 were sated and shewed fatness (inner causat.); Imv. ms. הַשְׁמֵן Is 6:10 make fat (dull, unreceptive), לֵב הָיָם הַוֶּה.
† שָׁמֵן adj. fat, robust;—שׁ׳: m. Ju 3:29 +, f. שְׁנֵנָה Gn 49:20 +;—
1. fat, rich, of food, Gn 49:20 (poem in J), Is 30:23 (+ דָּשֵׁן), Hb 1:16 (‖); of land, festile Nu 13:20 (E), Ne 9:25, 9:35, pasturage Ez 34:14, 1 Ch 4:40. (1 S 15:9 v. מִשְׁנֶה 3.).
2. stout, robust, of men Ju 3:29 (‖אִישׁ חַיִל ; v. GFM); f. coll. (fig. of flock) Ez 34:16 (+ הַחֲזְקָהִ).
† [שָׁמָן] n. [m.] fat, fertile, place;—pl. cstr. מִשְׁמַנֵּי הָאָרֶץ (Ges:§§ 20a 93 ee) Gn 27:23 (poem in J; מִן partit), v:39 (poem in E; מִן priv. acc. to Thes Ew Di Gunk al.; < partit. here as v:b, Vulgate [LXX ἀπό in both], AV RV Nö:Ency. Bib 1184, cf. Dr).
שֶׁ֫מֶן:192 n.m. 2 K 20:13 (on appar. f. Ct 1:3 cf. Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106) fat, oil;—שׁ׳: abs. Gn 28:28 +, cstr. Lv 8:2 +; שָָׁ׳: 2 K 4:6 +; sf. שַׁמְנִי Ho 2:7 +, etc.; pl. שְׁמָנִים Am 6:6 +; sf. שְׁמָנֶיךָ Ct 1:3, נַיִח- 4:10;—
1. fat, fatness: קֶרֶן בֶּן־שׁ׳: Is 5:1 (of fertile slope); pl. גֵּיא־שְׁמָנִים 28:1, 28:4; of food (in fig.) 25:6, 25:6; lit. כְּשָׂרִי כָּחַשׁ מִשָָּׁמֶן Ps 109:24 (cf. חוֹם v:a), cf. מִפְּנֵי שׁ׳: Is 10:27 (in fig., si vera l., mng. obscure; most now emend by conjecture; Rs :JPH xili (1885), 62 עָלָה מִצָּפוֹן שֹׁרֵד [v. also II. חבל], joining to v:28; Du Marti has gone up from Pene-Rimmon [??], cf. Di-Kit).
2. a. oil, specif. olive-oil, as rich product Dt 8:8 + (v. זַיִת); hence עֵץ שׁ׳: Is 41:19 oil-tree, usu. explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Ne 8:15 (‖וַיִת ), עֲחֵי שׁ׳: oleaster-wood 1 K 6:23, 6:31, 6:32, 6:33; once הַמֹּר שׁ׳: Est 2:2 (v. מֹר p. 600:b; מ׳: also in holy anointing oil Ex 30:23). b. שׁ׳: as staple (codiment) Nu 11:8 (J; v. לשׁד), of value 1 K 17:12, 17:14, 17:16, 2 K 2:4, 2:6, 2:7 + 4 t.; symb. of plenty Dt 32:13, 33:24, Jb 29:6; ascribed (fassely) to gift of Baals Ho 2:7; as royal treasure 2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2, cf. 1 K 5:25 (כָּתִית שׁ׳:, v. כ׳:) = 2 Ch 2:9, 2:14 + 3 t.; tribute Ho 12:2, art. of trade Ez 27:17; odoriferous Pr 27:9, Ct 1:3, 4:10, רוֹקֵחַ שׁ׳: Ec 10:1, so (fig.) Ct 1:3, Ec 7:1; Pr 27:16 is corrupt, v. Toy; sign of luxury Ez 16:13, Pr 21:17, of prosperity Ez 16:20. c. שׁ׳: as medicament Is 1:6; as unguent, for shield 2 S 1:21, person Am 6:6 Mi 6:15, Dt 28:40, Ez 16:9, Est 2:12, Ps 92:11, 104:15, not for mourner 2 S 14:2; on head token of happiness Ec 9:8, of hospitality, ראֹשִׁי דִּפַּנְתָּ בַּפֹּ׳: Ps 23:5 (fig.), in sim. 133:2, 141:5. d. for anointing king, פַּח הַשּׂ׳: 1 S 10:1, 2 K 9:1, 9:3, cf. v:6, c. קֶרֶן 1 S 16:1, 16:13, 1 K 1:39; cf. קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו בְּשׁ׳: Ps 89:21. e. in various figs., of joy שָׂשׂוֹן שׁ׳: Is 61:3, Ps 45:8; soft words 55:22, Pr 5:3; as penetrating 109:18; as clear, transparent Ez 32:14. f. used in primitive worship, poured on stone Gn 28:18 (E), 35:14 (J). g. in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabern., altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., וַיִת שׁ׳: among them, Ex 30:24, הַמִּשְׁתָה שׁ׳: 25:6, Lv 8:2, 8:10, 8:12 + 11 t.; מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ שׁ׳: Ex 30:25, 30:25 + 2 t.; י׳ :מ׳ :שׁ׳: Lv 10:7, אֱלֽהָיו מ׳ :שׁ׳: 21:12; הקּ׳ :שׁ׳: Nu 35:25 ; שׁ׳: alone Lv 14:10 + 12 t. Lv 14; for lighting Ex 25:6 + 6 t. + זַיִת זָח כָּחִית שׁ׳: Ex 27:20, Lv 24:2 (v. כָּתִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Lv 2:1 + 5 t., cf. 5:11, Nu 5:15; smeared (v. מָשַׁח) upon wafers Ex 29:2, Lv 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? cf. בָּלַל) Ex 29:2, Lv 2:4, 2:5 +, so סֹלֶת בַּשׁ׳: Lv 2:7 etc. (c. 45 t. in all), חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ׳: Ex 29:23, Lv 8:26. h. for use in temple 1 Ch 9:29. i. for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 45:14, 45:14 + 7 t. 45, 46. † j. efficacy denied Mi 6:7 † k. offered to idols Is 57:9, Ez 16:18, 16:19, 23:41. - Vid. Macalister:Hast. DB OIL ARSKennedy:Ency. Bib. OIL.
† אַשְׁמַנִּים (elative, Ges:§ 85 b, 133 a; on נּ v. Id. §§ 20 a, 93 ee) appar. n.[m.] pl. כַּמֵּתִים בָּא׳: Is 59:10 perhaps: (we are) among the stout (RV lusty) like dead men, cf. Di-Kit; or abstr. in (actual) vigour (Buhl) > AV (after Jos Ki fr. אָשַׁם Ho 14:1 ‘be desolate’) in desolate places (other conj. v. (Che:Hpt Marti).
† [מִשְׁמָן] n. [m.] fatness;—cstr. וּמִשְׁטַן בְּשָׁרוֹ יֵרָוֶה Is 17:14 (fig.); pl. concr.: stout, vigorous, ones, sf. מִשְׁמַנָּיו Is 10:16 (opp. רָווֹן on form v. Ges:§ 93 pp), מִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶם Ps 78:31; = fertile spots, cstr. מִשְׁמַנֵּי מְדִינָה Dn 11:24. Cf. also 1 S 15:9, v. מִשְׁנֶה 3. p. 1041
† [מַשְׁמָן] n. [m.] fat piece, tid bit;—pl. מַשְׁמַנִּים (Ges 1.c.) Ne 8:10 (for eating; מַמְתַקִּים for drinking).
† מַשְׁמַנָּה (Ges:l.c.) n.pr.m. a hero of David, 1 Ch 12:11 (v:10 van d. H., who reads מִשׁ׳:); Μασεμμανη etc.; LXXL Μασαμαννη.
II. שׁמן, שׁמני (√ of following; meaning unknown).
שְׁמֹנֶה (less oft. שְׁמוֹנֶה), שְׁמֹנָה:109 n.m. et f. eight (on ֶ֯ cf. Ba:NB 20, 200 and (against him) Philippi:BAS ii. 364; Ar. شَمَانُ, شَمَانِيَةُ Sab.(ת)תַמני Hom:chr 47, 122 DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 369 f., 375; Aram. תְּמָנֵי, תְּמַנְיָא, ܬܡܐܢܶܐ, ܬܡܰܢܝܳܐ; Nab תמונא, Palm. תמניא, Lzb:386; NH=BH; Ph. שמן Eth. samant: sam4nit: on As. equiv. v. Dl:§ 75);—m. (c. n.f.) alw. abs. שְׁמֹנֶה Ju 3:8 + 40t.; f. (c. n.m.) abs. שְׁמֹנָה 1 S 17:12 + 34 t., cstr. שְׁמֹנַת Nu 2:24 + 3 t. (cases of 8 + 10 = 18 are additional, v. infr.); pl. שְׁמֹנִים, 80, v. infr.:—
1. without other num.: a. שְׁמֹנֶה card., before n.pl. Ju 3:18 1 K 7:10 + 8 t.; before n.sg. שָׁנָךְ 1 K 8:17 (Kt; Qr pl.) 22:1; after n.pl. Ez 40:31; ordin. לְ בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳: 2 K 24:12, בִּשׁ׳: שָׁנִים לְ 2 Ch 34:3. b. שְׁמנָה card., before n.pl 1 S 17:12 + 3 t., + (n. om.) Je 14:15 + 2 t., also אֵלֶּה שׁ׳: Gn 22:23 these 8 and, as round no., Mi 5:4 7 and 8 (i.e. plenty); after n.pl. Nu 29:29 2 Ch 29:17; ordin., לְ בְּיוֹם שׁ׳: v:17. c. f. cstr. שְׁמֹנַת יָמִים Gn 17:12, 21:4, חַבָּקָר שׁ׳: Nu 7:8.
2. 8 + 10 = 8: a. c. n.f. שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, card.: bef. sg. שָׁנָךְ Ju 3:14 + 2 t., אַמָּה 1 K 7:15 + 2 t.; after n.pl. 1 Ch 26:9, 2 Ch 11:21; n. om. Ezr 8:18, Ne 7:11; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת לְ ע׳ :שׁ׳: 1 K 15:1 + 4 t.; שָׁנָח לְ ע׳ :בִּשׁ׳: 2 K 22:3 + 2 t.; שָׁנָה לְ ע׳ :הַשָּׁנָה שׁ׳: Je 32:1. b. c. n.m. שְׁמֹנָח עָשָׂר card.: bef. sg. אֶלֶף Ju 20:44 + 4 t. + Ps 60:2 (title), so read for שְׁנֵים ע׳:, cf. 2 S 8:13 = 1 Ch 18:12; before pl. Ezr 8:9; n. om. Gn 14:14; ordin., n. om. 1 Ch 24:15, 25:15; שְׁמֹנַת עָשָׂר אֶלֶף Ju 20:25.
3. c. other numerals: a. שְׁמֹנֶח מֵאוֹת 2 S 23:8 (so read also ‖ 1 Ch 11:11 Kit Benz, cf. Th We Dr al.), + 16 t. b. שְׁמֹנָח אֶלֶף 1 Ch 12:36 (v:35 van d. H.), 23:3; שְׁמֹנִת אֲלָפִים Nu 2:24 + 3 t. c. שׁ׳:, card., after tens 1 S 4:15 + 20 t.; before ten, only וְעֶשְׂרים בָּאַמָּה שׁ׳: Ex 26:2, 36:9 ; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת שָׁנָח לְ שְׁלשִׁים וּשׁ׳: 1 K 16:29, 2 K 15:8.
שְׁמִינִי יִ֯ת:31 adj. num. eighth;—בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי Ex 22:29 + 16 t.; חַחֹדֶשׁ הַשּׁ׳: 1 K 6:38 + 4 t.; n.m.om. 1 Ch 24:10 + 4 t.; הַשָּׁנָח חַשְּׁמִינִת Lv 25:22; elsewhere only phr., עַל־הִשְּׁמִינִית 1 Ch 15:21, and titles Ps 6:1, 12:1, usu. acc. to the eighth key, or on the octave, but wholly dubious.
שְׁמֹנִים:38 n.pl. indecl. an eighty;—without other num.: sq. sg. שָׁנָה Ps 90:10 + 4 t., אִישׁ 2 K 10:24, Je 41:5; sq. n.pl. 2 Ch 26:17, Ezr 8:8, Ct 6:8; n.om. 2 K 6:25, 1 Ch 15:9; c. other num., card.: אֶלֶף שׁ׳: Nu 2:9 + 6t.; שׁ׳: foll. units Gn 5:25 + 4 t.; precedes, Gn 16:16 + 4 t.; foll. 100 etc. 1 Ch 25:7 + 6 t.; precedes, Gn 5:26 + 2 t.; ordin., שָׁנָךְ בִּשׁ׳: וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לָ 1 K 6:1.
[שְׁמַנִּים], שְׁמַנֵּי v. שָׁמָן. p. 1032
שָׁמַע:1159 vb. hear (NH id.; Ph. שמע Lzb:378; As šemû; Ar. سَمِعَ; Sab. סמע mostly in deriv., esp. epith. div. סמע he who hears Hom:Chr 124 Fell ZMG liv (1900), 250, 252 DHM :Hofmus. No. 10, 1. 1; Eth. sam9a: Aram. שְׁמַע, ܫܡܰܥ, OAram. שמע Lzb 378; cf. aso משמעת MI:28 obedience);—Qal:1052 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Gn 24:52 +, שָׁמֵָעַ Je 36:13 + 3 t.; 2 fs. שָׁמַ֫עַתְּ 1 K 1:11 + 2 t.; 3 pl. שָׁמֵָעוּ Ju 2:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמַע Ex 6:30 +, 1 S cohort. אֶשְׁמְעָה Nu 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמְָעָה (on ְָ֯ cf. Ges:§ 10 h; Ol:§ 65 c qu. reading) Dn 8:13; 2 mpl. תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן Dt 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן Dt 1:17, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁמַע Am 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָךְ Jb 32:10 + (esp. Psalm Psalm), שְׁמָע«ָךְ» Dn 9:19; fpl. שְׁמַעְנָה Is 32:9, Je 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן Gn 4:23 (Ges:§ 46 f), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹעַ Is 6:9 +; cstr. שְׁמֹעַ 1 S 15:22 +; sf. שָׁמְעו Dt 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֹ Is 30:19 (Gn 18:10 + etc.;—
1. subj. pers. hum. (vel rei persoif.): a. hear (perceive by ear), acc. rei, esp. קוֹל Gn 3:10 (J) + 46 t., (ים)דבר Am 8:11 + 50 t., etc.; acc. חָכְמָה i.e. wise sayings 1 K 5:14 + 4 t.; so any utterance or sound (c. 150 t. in all) + (obj. om.) Dt 4:33 + 32 t. + )cl. temp.) 1 S 14:27 + 6 t.; very rarely c. ב, בְּסוֹד י׳ :שׁ׳: Jb 15:8; c. obj. cl., כִּ׳: Ex 4:31 + 52 t. + Is 39:1b (rd. כִּי שׁ׳: LXX Targum ‖ 2 K 20:12), אֶת־אֲשֶׁר Jos 2:10, 5:1 (both R:D), מַה־ֹ֯ Ju 7:11 +3 t.; without connect. אֹתָהּ שׁ׳: עָשִׂיתִי † 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:26; sg. orat.rect. † Is 40:28, Zc 8:23. † b. acc. pers. + מְדַבֵּר hear one speaking Gn 27:6 (J), Je 26:7, Dn 8:13, so בֹּכֶה Nu 11:10 (J), נִבָּא Je 20:1 מְקַלְלֶָךָ Ec 7:21; occas. pears. om., דֹּבְרִים Gn 37:17 (JE), אֶת־מִדַּבֵּר Ez 2:2, 43:6 (v. דבר Hithp.); acc. pers. only Dn 12:7. † c. c. לֵאמֹר only, hear say = hear it said, 1 S 13:4, 2 S 19:3, Dt 13:13, Jos 22:11 (P), 1 K 16:16; + עַל pers. concerning Gn 41:15 (E), Is 37:9; אֶל pers. id. 2 K 19:9. d. hear of, concerning: (1) acc. rei, אֲשֶׁר(כָּל־)אֵת Ex 18:1, 2 K 19:11 + 5 t., (ים)דבר 1 S 3:11 + 4 t., רָעָה Je 19:3 + 5 t., etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר 1 S 23:11, Ps 48:9, כָּואֹת Is 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּךְ Je 18:13; acc., etc., om. Ju 9:46 + 43 t.; (2) less oft. acc. pers. Jb 42:5, אֶל pers. Ez 19:4, pers. om. Dt 9:2; c. ב pers. hear exultantly of their fate † Ps 92:12 (prob. imitated from ‖הִכִּיט בְּ v:a; v. esp. ראךְ 8 a(6)). † e. hear, abs., = have power to hear, 2 S 19:36 (c. בְּקוֹל ), Is 21:3, 32:3, Pr 20:12, Zc 7:11; in sim. Ps 38:15; c. neg. of idols Dt 4:28, Ps 115:6; fig. (spiritual power) Je 5:21, Dt 29:8, Ez 12:2, Is 42:20.—Pr 21:28 is probably corrupt, v. Toy. f. hear with attention, interest, listen to (sts. ‖ חֶאֱזִין, חִקְשִׁיב), חִקְשִׁיב acc. (ים)דבר (54 t.) Am 4:1 +, esp. י׳ :(י)דבר Nu 12:6 (JE) + 45 t.; אִמְרָה Is 28:23, קוֹל v:23, זאֹת Mi 3:9, etc.; oft. abs. Ju 5:3 + 57 t., + (neg.) Ps 38:14 pay no attention; abs. לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ 1 K 3:9, אִישׁ שֹׁטֵעַ Pr 21:28. † g. understand (language), שָׂפָחךְ Gn 11:7 (J), Is 33:19, לָשׁוֹן Dt 28:49, דְּבָרִין Ez 3:6, מַה־יְּדַבֵּר Je 5:15, no acc. Gn 42:23 (E), 2 K 18:26 = Is 36:11. h. specif of hearing a (judicial) casre, דָּבָר Dt 1:17, cf. v:17; acc. om. בֵּין pers. v:16, of י׳: Ju 11:10; c. מִשְׁפָּט 1 K 3:11; הִטּוֹב וְהָרֵע לשׁ׳: 2 S 14:17, וְשֹׁמֵע אֵין לְךָ 15:3, cf. Jb 31:35. † i. c. acc. pers. in polite address, hear us (me)! Gn 23:6, 23:8, 23:11, 23:13, 23:15 (all P), 1 Ch 28:2, 2 Ch 13:4, 15:2, 20:20 j. listen, give heed (sts. ‖הִקְשִׁיב ), abs., Gn 42:21 (E) + 18: t., + (usu. ‖הִטָּה אֹוֶן ), Je 7:13 + 14 t. Je, + (opp. חָדַל) Ez 2:5 + 3 t. Ez; + שִׂים עַל־לֵב Mal 2:2; hear + do Dt 5:24, 2 K 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Gn 37:27 (J), grant request Ju 11:17; c. ל pers. (mostly late) Ju 19:25, 1 S 30:24, Jb 15:17 + 16 t., לי׳: Ho 9:17, Lv 26:14, 26:18, 26:21, 26:27; לְדִבְרֵי י׳: 1 S 15:1, לְעֵחָה Pr 12:15. k. c. אֶל pers. + listen to, yield to Gn 49:2, Ju 2:17 + 69 t. (אֶל־י׳: 15 t., esp. Je 7:26 + 10 t. Je), עַל pers. 2 K 20:13; אֶל־דִּבְרֵי etc., Dt 18:19, Je 29:10 + 14 t., עַל־דִּבְרֵי etc., 2 K 22:13 + 3 t.; very rarely acc. rei 1 S 24:10 (Gi v:9). 1. לְקוֹל שׁ׳: = id., obey, Gn 3:17 (J) + 11 t. + (לְקוֹל י׳:) Ju 2:20, Ex 15:26 (JE). m. very oft., בְּקוֹל שׁ׳: = obey 1 S 8:7 + 25 t., + שׁ׳: בְּקוֹל י׳: (י׳:’s word, etc.) Dt 4:30, Je 3:13 + 65 t. (Dt 18 t., Je 18 t.). n. obey, c. acc. (ים)דבר Jos 1:18 + 2 t. + (י׳ :ד׳:) Je 11:3 + 5 t. Je, 1 K 12:24 = 2 Ch 11:4, etc.; acc. pers. Ex 6:12 (P), 2 Ch 28:11. o. abs.be obedient (esp. to י׳:) Is 1:19, Mi 5:14, Je 12:17 + 4 t. Je + 7 t.
2. י׳: (God) subj.: a. acc. קוֹל, דברים, etc., Gn 21:17 (E), 2 K 19:4, 19:4, 19:16, usually with favour implied Nu 20:16, Dt 33:7 + , so esp. acc. תְּפִלָּה, תְּחנָּה, etc., 1 K 8:45, Ps 6:10 +. b. obj. cl. כִּי Gn 29:33 (J). c. no obj. (32 t.) Is 59:2, Je 22:21, usu. hear and foregive, help, etc 1 K 8:30, 8:32, Is 30:19 +; hear be angry Ps 78:59, cf. 55:20. d. = be able to hear Is 59:1, Ps 94:9. e. בְּקוֹל שׁ׳: = hear (and grant) Gn 30:6 (J) + 6 t. f.hear and answer, c. אֶל of city, etc., Gn 21:7, 16:11, 1 K 8:28 + 8 t.; c. אֶל pers. Dt 3:36 + 12 t. g. c. לְ of utterance Je 18:19, Ps 61:6; ל pers. Jos 24:10 (E). h. hear, acc. pers. + מִתְנוֹדֵד Je 31:18; favourably, c. acc. pers. Mi 7:7 + 3 t., so, + ל concerning, Gn 17:20 (P); obj. om. 2 K 22:19, Ps 22:23 + 3 t. + Ps 34:7, 34:18 (hear and deliver); c. cl. temp. Je 11:14 Niph.:42 Pf 3 ms. נִשְׁמַע Gn 45:16 +, etc; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁמַע Ex 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵָעַ 1 S 1:13, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁמַל Est 2:8; Pt. f. נִשְׁמַ֫עַת Je 51:46, etc.;—1. be heard, of voice, sound, etc., 1 S 1:13, 1 K 6:7, Jb 26:14 (or 1 pl. Qal Impf.?); of a resort, לֵאמֹר :נִשׁ׳: Gn 45:16 (E); subj. cl., כִּ׳:, Ne 6:1 (ל pers.), cf. cl.וְהַיְהוּדִים חשְׁבִים Ne 6:6; v:7 be reported, (לַמֶּלֶח)כַּדְּבָרִיס הָאֵלֶּה ); be heard, לִפְנֵי אֱלֽהֶיךָ Dn 10:12. 2. be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ Dt 4:32.
3. be regarded, obeyed, Ec 9:17; in 2 S 22:45 = Ps 18:45 it is be obedient (לִי), si vera l. (read perh. Qal. cf. Now).
4. בְּקוֹלָם וַיִישּׁ׳: 2 Ch 30:27 = (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice † Pi Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׁמַּע 1 S 15:4 he caused the people (acc.) to hear and respond, i.e. he assembled them), so 23:8 (v. Hiph. 1 c). Hiph.:63 Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁמִיעַ 1 K 15:22 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms sf. יַשְׁמִעֵנִי Dt 30:12, 30:13; 2 ms juss. תַּשְׁמַע Ju 18:23, etc.; Imv ms. sf. הִשְׁמִיעֵנִי Ps 143:8; fs. sf. הַשְׁמִיעִנִי Ct 2:14, 8:13, etc.; Inf. cstr. לַשְׁמִעַ Ps 26:7 (Ges:§ 53 q); Pt. מַשְׁמִיעַ Je 4:15 +, etc.;—1. of man: a. cause to hear acc. pers. + rei Dt 30:12, 30:13, Ct 2:14, 8:13 + 4 t.; obj. rei om. (= make proclamation to) 1 K 15:22; obj. pers. om. Je 5:20 +; acc. שָׁלוֹם † Is 52:7, Na 2:1 i.e. proclaimpeace; אָוֶֹן † Je 4:15 (מִן loc.); קוֹל הַשׁ׳: utter a sound Jos 6:10 (J; ‖הֵרִיעַ ), cf. Ju 18:25 (קוֹלְךָ, + עִמָּנוּ), Is 42:2, 58:4; קוֹל תְּהִלָּתוֹ הִשׁ׳: † Ps 66:8 בְּקוֹל תּוֹדָה † 26:7. b. abs. as musical term, sound aloud, בִּמְחִלְתַּיִם לְהִשְׁמִיעַ 1 Ch 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, Gr:Ps 67 De: cf. 16:5 also Ps 150:5 בְּחִלְחְלֵי שָָׁמַע), מַשְׁמִיעִים not found15:16
tag=cbr
content=, 15:28
, not found16:42, קוֹל אֶחָד לְהַשׁ׳: 2 Ch 5:13 i.e. prob. in unison (Prince:EB iii, 3241), Ne 12:42. c. abs. make proclamation (oft. ‖הִגִּיד ), Am 3:9, 4:5, Is 41:26, Je 4:5 + 6 t. Je † d. הַשְׁמִיעוּ, acc. pers. + אֶל loc. = summon Je 50:29, עַל loc. 51:27 (cf. Pi.). 2. י׳: subj.: a. cause to hear, acc. pers. et rei Dt 4:10, 4:36 (מִן loc.), 2 K 7:6 + 4 t.; acc. pers. om. Is 30:30 + 3 t.; acc. rei om. 44:8, 48:5. † b. = tell, acc. pers. + כָּזאֹת Ju 13:23; acc. pers. only, Is 42:9; acc. rei only, 48:3, Ez 36:15 (אֵלַיִח). † c. abs., make proclamation Is 43:12, 62:11 (אֶל loc.).
† 1. [שֶׁ֫מַע n. [m.] sound;—הַלְלוּהוּ בְּחִלְחְלֵי שָָׁמַע Ps 150:5 (‖תְּרוּעָה ).
† II שֶׁ֫מַע n.pr.m. usu. Σαμα(α), Σεμαα (cf. Sab. n.pr. סמע Hal:509);—
1. in Judah 1 Ch 2:44, שָָׁמַע v:43.
2. in Reuben 5:8.
3. in Benj. 8:13 (= שִׁמְעִי v:21).
4. post-ex. Ne 8:4, Σαμαιας. p.1035
† שֵׁ֫מַע n. [m.] hearing, report (on from cf. Lag:BN 143);—שׁ׳: abs. Is 23:5; cstr. v:5 +; sf. שִׁמְעִי 66:19 etc.;—report, usu. c. genit.obj.: acc. with שְׁמַע Gn 29:13 (J) the tidings about Jacob, Is 23:5 + (c. sf.) Nu 14:15 (JE), Dt 2:25, 1 K 10:1= 2 Ch 9:1, Na 3:19, Hb 3:2, Je 37:5, 50:43, Is 66:9; c. ל genit. Is 23:5; לַעֲדָתָם Ho 7:12 usu. according to the report (heard by) their congregation (!), but inexpl. and prob. corrupt, We Now; Marti (cf. Oettli) עַל־רָעָתָם (כְּשֵׁמַע as gloss) according to their wickedness; שָׁוְא נָשָׂא שׁ׳: Ex 23:1 (E) take up (utter) a false report; אֹוָן לְשׁ׳: Ps 18:45 i.e. as soon as heard of, = mere report Jb 42:5 (opp. personal knowledge), cf. שִׁמְעָהּ 28:22.
† [שֹׁ֫מַע] n.m.:Est 9:4 report;—sf. שָׁמְעוֹ: וַיֽהִי שׁ׳: Jos 6:27, the report of him went, etc.; שָׁמַע שׁ׳: 9:9 (both R:D), Je 6:24; הוֹלֵח בְּכָל־הַמְּדִינוֹת וְשׁ׳: Est 9:4.
† שְׁמַע n.pr.loc. in S. Judah, Jos 15:26, Σα(λ)μα(α).
† שָׁמָע n.pr.m. a hero of David 1 Ch 11:44, Σαμαθα, Σαμμα (cf. Osem. שמע on scarab Cl Gann:JAS 1883 Fev.-Mars, 135, No. 9; also on seal from Megiddo (1904), cf. Kau:Mitth. u. Nachr. DPV, 1904, 2 ff.).
שִׁמְעָא n.pr.m. 1. brother of David 2 S 21:21 Qr (cf. Dr; Kt שמעי) Σεμεει LXXL Σαμαα = 1 Ch 20:7, third son of Jesse 1 Ch 2:13; = שִׁמְעָךְ 1 S 13:3, not found13:32, Σαμα(α) etc., שַׁמָּה (q.v.) 1 S 16:9, 17:13. 2. son of David 1 Ch 3:5 (= שַׁמּוּעַ
1.), Σαμαν, Σαμαα. 3. Levites, Σομεα, Σαμα(α): a. 1 Ch 6:15. b. v:24.
שִׁמְעָה n.pr.m. v. שִׁמְעָא
1. above p. 1031
† שְׁמָעָה n.pr.m. c. art. הַגִּבְּעָתִי הַשּׁ׳: 1 Ch 12:3, Αμα, Σαμαα, LXXL Ασμα.
† שִׁמְעָת n.pr.f.:2 Ch 24:26 mother of one of Joash’s murderes, 2 K 12:22 (Ιεμουαθ), called Ammonitess 2 Ch 24:26 (Σαμα(αθ)).
† שִׁמְעָתִים adj.gent.pl. as subst., family of scribes 1 Ch 2:55, Σαμαθ(ι)ειμ[ν].
† שְׁמוּעָה n.f. report;—abs. שׁ׳: 1 S 4:19 +, שְׁמֻעָה 2:24 +; cstr. שְׁמֻעַת 2 S 4:4; sf. שְׁמֻעָתֵ֫נוּ Is 53:1; pl. abs. שְׁמֻעוֹת Dn 11:44;—
1. report, sts. after שָׁמַע 1 S 2:24 4:19 (= news), 1 K 10:7 = 2 Ch 9:6, 2 K 19:7= Is 37:7, Je 51:46; רָעָה שׁ׳: Je 49:23, cf. Ps 112:7, and טוֹבָח שׁ׳: Pr 15:30, 25:25; tidings about Saul 2 S 4:4; c. בָּאָה 13:30 (+ לֵאמֹר), 1 K 2:28, Ez 21:12, Je 10:22, cf. 51:46 + (בָּאָה om.) v:46; אֶל־שׁ׳ :תָּבוֹא שׁ׳: Ez not found7:28; יְבַהֲלֻהוּ שׁ׳: Dn 11:44; שְׁמוּעָתֵנוּ Is 53:1 the report that reached us cf. also Is 28:9, 28:19, Je 49:14, Ob:1 (De Du al. specif. of prophetic message but v. Gie:Beiträge 155f. We Now:Ob 1).
2. = mention בְּפִיךְ לאֹ הָֽיְתָח סְדֹם לִשׁ׳: Ez 16:56.
† שַׁמּוּעַ n.pr.m. 1. son of David 2 S 5:14 = 1 Ch 14:4 Σαμμους [ε], Σαμαα (= שִׁמְעָא 2.). 2. Reubenite, Nu 13:4, Σαμουηλ, Σαλαμιηλ etc. 3. Levite, Ne 11:17 (= שְׁמַעְיָה 1 Ch 9:16), Σαμουει, etc.; 12:18 (? same person), LXXL Σαμουε.
שִׁמְעוֹן:44 n.pr.m. (cf. n.pr. שמעון in Palm. Lzb:378; meaning doubtful; Rs al. cp. سِمْعُ said to mean offspring of hyena and wolf; v. Hogg:EBiv. 4531);—
1. second son of Jacob and Leath, Συμεωη: Gn 29:33 (name expl. from שָׁמַע), 35:23, Ex 1:2 + 14 t. (assoc. esp.with Levi Gn 34:25, 34:30, 49:5).
2.tribal name Ju 1:3, 1:3, 1:17, Nu 1:6 +; so גְּנֵי שׁ׳: Nu 1:22 + 7 t., מַטֵה שׁ׳: Nu 1:23, 2:12, 13:5; מַטֵּה גְנֵי שׁ׳: 10:19, 34:20, Jos 19:1, 19:8, 21:9, 1 Ch 6:50. †
3. post-ex. Jew with foreign wife Ezr 10:31.
† שִׁמְעוֹנִי adj. gent c. art. as n. coll., Nu 25:14, 26:14, 1 Ch 27:16; מַטֵּה הַשּׁ׳: Jos 21:4.
1. שִׁמְעִי:43 n.pr.m. usu. Σευεει:
1. in Benj.:a. 2 S 16:5, 16:7, 16:13, 19:17, 19:19, 19:22, 19:24, 1 K 2:8 + 10 t. 1 K 2. † b. 1 K 1:8, perh. = 4:18.
2. a Ramathite 1 Ch 27:27. †
3. Levites: a. ‘son’ of Gershon Ex 6:17, Nu 3:18, 1 Ch 6:2, 23:7, 23:9, 23:10, 23:10 b. 6:14. c. v:27. d 25:17. e. 2 Ch 29:14. f. 31:12, 31:13. g. Ezr 10:23. †
4. brother of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:19. † 5 in Simeon 4:26, 4:27. † 6. in Reuben 5:4. † 7. 1 Ch 8:13 = (II.) שֶׁמַע v:13. † 8. post-ex. names: a. Ezr 10:33. b. v:38 (cf. 3 g supr.). † 9. grandfather of Mordecai Est 2:5. 10. 2 S 21:21 Kt (Qr שִׁמְעָא q.v. 1.).
† II שִׁמְעִי adj. gent. of 3 a;—c. art. as n. coll הַשּׁ׳: Nu 3:21; cf. Zc 12:13.
† (וּ)שְׁמַעְיָ֫ה n.pr.m. Σαμαιας etc.: שְׁמַעְיָה
1. prophet, Rehob.’s time 1 K 12:22, 2 Ch 12:5, 12:7, 12:15; = יָהוּ- 11:2.
2. Jer.’s time: a. false proph. Je 29:31, 29:31, 29:32 = יָהוּ- v:24. b. יָהוּ- 36:12.
3. יָהוּ- a prophet’s father 26:20.
4. descendant of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:22, 3:22.
5. in Simeon 4:37.
6. in Reuben 5:4.
7.Levites: a. 1 Ch 9:14. b. v:16 = שַׁמּוּעַ 3. c. 15:8, 15:11 d. 24:6. e. 26:4, 26:6, 26:7 f. 2 Ch 29:14. g. Ezr 8:16. h. Ne 11:15. Also יָהוּ- i. 2 Ch 17:8. j. 31:15. k. 35:9.
8. companions of Ezra: a. Ezra: a. Ezr 8:13. b. 6:10. 10 priests: a. Ne 10:9, 12:42. b. v:6.18. c. v:35 d, v:36. 11. a prince v:34.
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ v. p.84.
יִשְׁמָעֵאל:48 n.pr.m. Ēl heareth; Sab. יסמעאל Hal:187; on from cf. Lag:BN 131);—
1. son of Abraham and Hagar Gn 16:11 (name expl. רגו׳ :שָׁמַע י׳:), v:15, v:16 + 11 t. Gn 17, 25, 28:9, 28:9, 36:3, 1 Ch 1:28, 1:29, 1:31; Ισμαηλ
2. usu. Ισμαηλ: murderer of Gedaliah Je 41:8, 40:14, 40:15, 40:16 + 17 t. Je 41, 2 K 25:23, 25:25 (LXXL Ισραηλ !).
4. in Judah: a. 2 Ch 19:11. b. 23:1.
5. Jew with foreign wife Ezr 10:22, Σαμαηλ, A LXXL Ισμαηλ.
† יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי adj.gent of יִשׁ׳:
1.;—sg. c. art. הַיִשׁ׳: 1 Ch 2:17 + ‖ 2 S 17:25 (so read for. הַיִּשְׂרָאֵלִ׳:, v. Comm.); הַיִּשְׁמְעֵלִי 1 Ch 27:30; pl. יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים(הַ) Ishmaelites Gn 37:25, 37:27, 35:28, 39:1, Ju 8:24, Ps 83:7.
† (וּ)יִשְׁמַעְיָ֫ה n.pr.m. (י׳: heareth);—Σαμαιας:
1. יָה-, Gibeonite, one of David’s heroes 1 Ch 12:4.
2. יָהוּ- in Zebulun 27:19.
† הַשְׁמָעוּת n.f. a causing to hear (prop. Aramaizing Inf. Hiph.; Ges:§ 531 Sta:§ 304 a);—אָזְנ֑יִם לְהַשׁ׳: Ez 24:26 to cause ears to hear, i.e. bring tidings in person (? rd. מָ֫לַת- Nö:ZMG 1viii (1903), 416).
† 1. [מִשְׁמָע] n.[m.] thing heard;—cstr. לא־לְמַשְׁמַע אָוְנָיו Is 11:3 not according to what his ears hear, not superficially (‖לְֹמַרְאֵה עֵינָיו ).
† 11. מִשְׁמָע n.pr.m. Μασ(α)μα(ν):
1. in Ishmael Gn 25:14, 1 Ch 1:30.
† [מִשְׁמַ֫עַת] n.f. obedient band, body of subjects;—only sf.:
1. prob. = body-guard, as esp. bound to obedience, מִשְׁמַעְתָּךָ 1 S 22:14 captain over thy guard (Ew Be:Ch Dr Bu Now), cf. תּוֹ- 2 S 23:23 = 1 Ch 11:25.
2. תָּם- Is 11:14 the sons of Ammon (shall be) their subjects (‖מוֹאָב ; מִשְׁלוֹחַ יָדָם; cf. משמעת MI:28).
שׁמץ (√ of foll.; cf. NH שֵׁמֶץ accusation (or suspicion); Thes cp. Ar. شَمِصَ speak rapidly (and indistinctly) (Ḳam Frey); but dub.; rapidity seems main idea;—and שׁ = ش ?).
† שֵׁ֫מֶץ n.[m.] whisper;—שׁ׳: abs. Jb 4:12; cstr. דָּבָד שׁ׳: 26:14 a (mere) whisper of a word, something wholly inadequate.
† שִׁמְחָה n.f. (derisive) whisper, derision;—שׁ׳: Ex 32:25 (J).
I. שָׁמַר:465 vb. keep, watch, preserve (NH id.; Ph שמר in n.pr. and (Pun.) = watchman; Tel Am. šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), Wkl:No. 80, i. 23; Mand. סמירא preserved Nö:M 46; cf. Ar. سَمرَ converse by night, stay awake (v. Lag:BN 105); Ba:NB 175 f.; ES 43 infers from ܬܶܡܪܳܐ eyelid (cf. [שְׁמֻרָה] infr.), and Ar. شَمَلَ support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Heb.; but proof insuff.);—Qal:425 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Gn 37:11 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמֹר 1 S 2:9 +, יִשְׁמָר־ Je 5:24 +, sf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ Ex 21:29, 21:36; 3 fs. sf. תִּשְׁמוּרֵָם Pr 14:3 (rd. תִּשְׁמְרוּם, v. Ges:§ 47 g Toy), etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁמֹר Jb 2:6 +, שָׁמְרָה 1 Ch 29:18 +; mpl. שִׁמְרוּ Jos 6:18 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹר Dt 5:12 +; cstr. שְׁמֹר Gn 3:24 +, sf. שָׁמְרָהּ 2:15, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁמֵר 1 S 1:12 +, etc.; pass. שָׁמוּר Ec 5:12 (1 S 9:24 v. infr.), etc.;—[Synon. I. נָחַר, נָטַר, q.v.]:
1. a. keep, have charge of, garden Gn 2:15 (J), ark 1 S 7:1, property in trust Ex 22:6, 22:9 (E), cf. 1 S 25:31; tend flock Gn 30:31 (E), cf. Zc 3:7 Nu 3:8 (P); so perh. (obj. om.) Ho 12:13 (where שׁ׳: chosen for parallelism Now Marti al.); Pt. הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנָֹכִי Gn 4:9 (J), שׁ׳: of sheep 1 S 17:20, הַכֵּ לִים שׁ׳: v:22, הַכְּגָדִים שׁ׳: 2 K 22:14, 2 Ch 34:22, הַנָּשִׁים שׁ׳: Est 2:3, 2:8, 2:15, cf. v:14, etc. b. keep, guard, captives Jos 10:18 (J), 1 K 20:39, דֶּרֶח Gn 3:24 (J); keep watch and ward, אֶל pers. for whom 1 S 26:15 (Ps 59:10 v. 3 end), עַל pers. v:16, Pr 6:22; בַּנַּעַר 2 S 18:12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי LXX and mod.); in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) 2 S 11:16, עַל Jb 14:16 (but rd. חַטָאתִי c. LXX Ew Di Du al. [not Hi Bu]); abs. c. מֵעַל Ec 5:7 watcheth above, etc. (v. p. 759:a d); keep one’s mouth, be prudent of speech † Pr 21:33, cf. Mi 7:5; keep = protect, save, one’s life, נֶפֶשׁ † Pr 13:3, 16:17, 19:16, 22:5, another’s Jb 2:6; in Pr, acc. pers., subj. wisdom, 4:6 she shall preserve thee, cf. (+ מִן of evil) 6:24, 7:5; esp. Pt. watch, watchman, of city Is 21:11, 21:11, 21:12, 62:5 (fig.), Ct 3:3, 5:7, 5:7 Ps 127:1; הַמֶּלֶף שׁ׳: (in temple) Je 35:4 + (v. סַף), פֶּית הַמֶּלֶח הַפּ׳: 1 K 14:27 = 2 Ch 12:10, הַשְּׁעָרִים שׁ׳: Ne 13:22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (fig.) Ec 12:3; שׁ׳: הַבַּיִת keep the house (of David’s concubines) † 2 S 15:16, 16:21, 20:3; שֹׁמֵר הֵכֵּ לִים 1 S 17:22, הַבְּגָדִים שׁ׳: 2 K 22:14, חַפַּרְדֵּם שׁ׳: Ne 2:8, הַנָּשִׁים שׁ׳: Est 2:3, 2:14, 2:15, שֹׁמְרִים abs. Ju 7:19, Je 51:12. c. hence watch for, wait for, acc. pers. 1 S 19:11 (to kill him), cf. Ps 59:1 (title; acc. הַבַּיִת); c. יֲקֵכַי Ps 56:7 = dog my steps, 71:10, Je 20:10; = watch (suspiciously) Jb 10:14, 13:27, 33:11; abs. הַשֹּׁעמרִים Ju 1:24; wait for, נֶשֶׁף Jb 24:15, לַבֹּקֶר Ps 130:6, 130:6. d. watch, observe, acc. rei 1 S 1:12, Ec 11:4, Jb 39:1, Je 8:7 (of birds), with intelligence Is 42:20, Ps 107:43; acc. pers. 37:37 (‖ראה ), Zc 11:11; acc. of sin Ps 31:7, 130:3; acc. rei, for the purpose of avoiding, 17:4.
2. a. keep, retain, of storing up (food) Gn 41:35 (E); abs. Ec 3:6 (opp. הִשְׁלִיח); treasure up (in memory) Gn 37:11 (E), cf. Mal 2:7, 1 Ch 29:18, Pr 4:21 (בְּתוֹח לְבָבֶָךְ), 22:18 (כְּ בִטֱנ֑ךְ); retain wrath Am 1:11 (read שָׁמֶר לָנֶחַח We Now GASm Marti; v. also נָטַר 1) + (anger om.) Je 3:5 (‖נטר ). b. keep within bounds, restrain, obj. שׁוֹר Ex 21:29, 21:36 (E); c. acc. hand, מִן of evil Is 56:2; fig. keep thy foot, c. cl. temp. Ec. 4:17; ־לְפִי מַחְסוֹםאֶשׁ׳: Ps 39:2 (LXX Du al. אָשִׁימָה); appar. reflex. (= Niph.), † Jos 6:18 (+ מִן־הַחֵרֶס), poss. sc. גַפְשְׁכֶם Di.
3. a. observe, celebrate, acc. of festival, etc., Ex 23:15 (E), 34:18 (J), 12:17, of day v:17 (P), of month Dt 16:1. b. keep Sabbath † Dt 5:12, Lv 19:3, 19:30, 26:2 (all H), Ex 31:13, 31:14, 31:16 (P), Is 56:4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֹ) v:2, v:6. c. of other obligations: keep convenant Ez 17:14, esp. convenant of י׳: Dt 29:8, 1 K 11:11 + 5 t., שְׁבֻעַת י׳: 1 K 2:43, perform vow Dt 23:24; keep commands Je 35:18, Ez 20:18; esp. מִחָוֹת, תֻקִּים, יֲבֹדָה, etc., of י׳: (sts. ‖נחר ), Ex 20:6 = Dt 5:10, Am 2:4, 1 K 2:3, Ps 119:8, 119:17, 119:34 + very oft. (c. 120 t.); דֶּרֶח י׳ :שׁ׳: Gn 18:19 (J) + 4 t., דַּרְכֵי י׳: 2 S 22:22 = Ps 18:22, י׳ :ד׳: om. Ju 2:22 b; אָרְחוֹת חַדַּיקִים שׁ׳: Pr 2:20 (‖תֵּלֵח תְּלֵח בְּדֶרֶח טוֹבֹים ), שׁ׳: דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) 8:32 (Ps 17:4 v. 1 d); keep discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה Nu 3:10, 18:7 (both P), abs. 2 Ch 5:11; a function or duty, esp. מִשְׁמֶרֶת שׁ׳: Lv 8:35, Nu 1:53 + c. 32 t. (v. מ׳: infr.); acc. of obligation oft. om., esp. D (and R:D) keep and do Dt 4:6, 7:12 + 8 t.; to do 5:1, 5:29 + 16 t. D + 3 t., etc. d. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Ho 12:7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Is 56:1, Pr 4:4, 5:2, 7:1, 7:2; bad sense, observe vanities Ps 31:7.—Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר abs. Ho 4:10, very strange (conj. in We Now Marti); שָׁמוּר 1 S 9:24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, cf. Now Bu:Comm.; Ps 59:10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲזַמֵָּרָה (as v:18, SyrVer Che Bae).
4. sts. י׳: subj.: a. keep, preserve, protect, acc. pers., + ב of way, etc., Gn 28:15, 28:20 (J), Ex 23:20 (E; of מַלְאָח), Ps 91:11 (מ׳:), Jos 24:17 (E); acc. pers. (or נפשׁ) only: 1 S 30:23, Je 31:9, Nu 6:24 (P), Jb 29:2, Ps 16:1 + 10 t. Psalm Psalm; + מִן Ps 121:7 + 2 t.; acc. רָהֲּלָירַגְלַי 1 S 2:9, cf. Pr 3:26 (מִן); Pt. שֹׁמְרֶָךָ Ps 121:3, 121:5, cf. v:4, etc.; acc. of city 127:1. b. c. acc. בְּרִית, ל pers. Dt 7:12, + חֶסֶד v:7 + 5 t., אֱמֶת לְעוֹלָם הַשּׁ׳: Ps 146:6; הַשְּׁבֻעָה Dt 7:8, etc.; pass. of covenant (י׳: agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה 2 S 23:5 (legal terminology, Dr).
5. keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Je 5:24 (ל pers.). Niph.:36 Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁמַד 2 S 20:10, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁמֵד Ju 13:13; 2 mpl. תִּשָּׁמַָרוּ Ex 23:13; Imv. ms. תִּשָּׁמֵד Is 7:4 (לְךָ)הִשָּׁ֫מֶר Gn 24:6 +; fs. הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Ju 13:4, etc.;—1. be on one’s guard, c. בַּחֶרֶב 2 S 20:10 by reason of the sword, i.e. against it; c. ב temp. 1 S 19:2, שָׁם 2 K 6:10; take heed Ex 23:13 (E) Dt 2:4; c. מִן pers. Ex 23:21 (E), Je 9:3; מִן rei Ju 13:13, Dt 23:10; מִן inf. take care not to, etc. Gn 31:29 (E), 2 K 6:9; inf. without מִן Ex 19:12 (J), but rd. prob. מֵעֲלוֹת; sq. פֶּן lest Gn 24:6 (J) + 11 t. (esp. Dt); c. אַל(וְ) juss. Ex 10:23 (J), Ju 13:4, Jb 36:21, c. Imv. coörd. Is 7:4.—Very oft. Imv. (24 t.), esp. in phr. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְךָ (12 t.), הִשָּֽׁטְרוּ לָכֶם (3 t.); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Dt 4:15, Jos 23:11 (R:D; + inf.); + בְּנַפ׳: Je 17:21 appar. ב pret. on peril of your life (cf. ב III. 3 a), so perhaps also בְּרוּחֲכֶם Mal 2:15, 2:16 (We Now). † 2. keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה 1 S 21:5. † 3. be kept, guarded, Ho 12:14 (cf. שׁ׳: of Jacob v:13); be preserved (by י׳:) Ps 37:28 (לִיוֹלָם), but rd. prob. נִשְׁמָָדוּ (לְעוֹלָם)עַוָּלִים Hup—Ri (Now) Che Bae Du Dr. † Pi. Pt. pl. מְשַׁמְּרִים הַבְלֵי־שָׁוְא Jon 2:9 those paying regard to false vanities (cf. Qal Ps 31:7). † Hithp. Impf. 1 S. וָאֶשְׁתַּסֵּר מֵעֲוֹנַי Ps 18:24 I kept myself from, etc. = 2 S 22:24 (vb. cohort.); 3 ms. וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֹת עָמְרִי Mi 6:16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, We Now GASm.
† 1. שֶׁ֫מֶר n.pr.m. (prop. clan—name, cf. Sta:ZAW v (1885). 166 f., cf. Sab. שמר Os:13, but N Aram. ܫܺܡܳܪ DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1885), 14 Sab Denkm:30);—Σεμ(μ)ηρ, etc.:
1. שׁ׳: orig. owner of hill where Sam. was built 1 K 16:24, 16:24.
2. שָָׁמֶר a. Levite 1 Ch 6:31. b. in Asher 7:34, A LXXL Σωμηρ; = שֹׁמֵר v:32. c. in Benj. 8:12 van d. H.; > שֶׁטֶד q.v. p. 1029
† שָׁמְרָה n.f. guard, watch;—שׁ׳ :שִׁיתָה י׳: לְפִי Ps 141:3 (‖נִצְּרָה עַל־דַּל שְׂפָתָָי ).
† שֹׁמֵר n.pr.m. 1. father of one of Joash’s murderers 2 K 12:21, Σωμηρ, LXXL Σεμμηρ (called שִׁמְרִית q.v., a Moabitess, ‖ 2 Ch 24:26). 2. Asherite 1 Ch 7:32, Σαμηρ, Σωμηρ; = שֶׁמֶר 2 b.
† שֹׁמְרִי n.pr.m. usu. Σαμαρει, etc.:
1. in Simeon, 1 Ch 4:37.
2. father of a hero of David 1 Ch 11:45.
3. Levites: a. 1 Ch 26:10. b. 2 Ch 29:13, Ζαμβρει, Σαμβρι.
† שִׁמְרָת n.pr.m. in Benj. 1 Ch 8:21, Σαμαραθ, -ρει.
† שִׁמְרִית n.pr.f. Moabitish mother of one of Joash’s murderers 2 Ch 24:26 (m. Σομαιωθ, A Σαμαριθ; f. LXXL Σαμιραμωθ), ‖שֹׁמֵר n.pr.m. 2 K 12:21.
† [שְׁמֻרָה] n.f. eye-lid (from its guarding the eye);—pl. cstr. שְׁמֻרוֹת עֵינָ֑י Ps 77:5.
† [שִׁמֻּר] n.[m.] watching, vigil (so Di; > observance);—pl. לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים לי׳: Ex 12:42 a night of vigils to יֶ׳:, לְכָל־בְּנֵי יִשׁ׳ :שׁ׳: v:42.
† (וּ)שְׁמַרְיָ֫ה n.pr.m. (י׳: has kept, preserved);—Σαμαρ(ε)ια(ς):
1. יָ֫הוּ- a hero of David 1 Ch 12:6 (van d. H. v:5). Elsewhere יָה-:
2. son of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:19.
3. contemporaries of Ezra: a. Ezr 10:32. b. v:41.
שֹׁמְרוֹן:109 n.pr.loc. capital of N. Isr. from Omri’s time (belonging to clan שֶׁמֶר, Sta:ZAW v (1885), 165–175; originally שַׁמְרוֹם or שַׁמְרַיִן; As. Samerina COT:1 K 16:24);—שׁ׳: 1 K 16:24 (name expl. as from שֶׁמֶר, orig. owner of site), v:28, v:29, v:32, 20:1, 20:10 +; שֹׁמְר֫וֹנָה 1 K 20:43, 2 K 6:19, 14:14; personified as woman Ez 16:46, 16:51, 16:53, 16:55, 23:4, 23:33; king of N. Israel is מֶלֶח שׁ׳: 1 K 21:1, 2 K 1:3; אֲשֶׁר בְּשׁ׳: 1 K 21:18, cf. בְּשׁ׳ :מָלַח עַל־יִשׂ׳: 22:52 + 9 t.; thence name of territory, שְׂדֵה שׁ׳: Ob:19, עָרֵי שׁ׳: 1 K 13:32 (point of view of later editor), 2 K 17:24, 17:26, 23:19; הָרֵי שׁ׳: Am 3:9, Je 31:5,—cf. הַו־שׁ׳: Am 4:1, 6:1, 1 K 16:24; perh. שׁ׳: alone Je 23:13, 1 K 18:2, 2 K 7:24, 7:28, 2 Ch 25:13; חֵיל שׁ׳: Ne 3:34.—LXX usu. Σαμαρεια, but 1 K 16:24 Σεμερω, Σαεμερων, Σομορων; = mod. Sebastieh; vid. GASm: G 346 ff. Buhl:G 207 f. Cowley:Ency. Bib. s. v. Wilson:Hast. DB s.v..
† [שֹׁמְרֹנִי] adj. gent. Samaritan, only as n.pl. הַשֹּׁמְוֹנִים 2 K 17:29 the Samaritans.
† 1. שִׁמְרוֹן n.pr.loc. Canaanite city, with king: Jos 11:1, in Zebulun 19:15, Συμοων, Σομερων, etc., = מְראוֹן שׁ׳: 12:20.
† 11. שִׁמְרוֹן n.pr.m. son of Issachar, Gn 46:13, Nu 24:64, 1 Ch 7:1; Ζαμβραμ, Σαμβρα, Σεμερων, etc.
† שִׁמְוֹנִי adj. gent. of foregoing; c. art. as n. coll. הַשּׁ׳: Nu 26:24.
† אַשְׁמוּרָה, אַשְׁמֹ֫רֶת n.f. watch (division of time);—abs. אַשְׁמוּרָה בֳָּלָּיְלָה Ps 90:4; ראֹשׁ אַשְׁמֹרֶת הַתִּיכוֹנָה Ju 7:19; cstr. אַשְׁמֹרֶת הַבֹּקֶר Ex 14:24 (J), 1 S 11:11; pl. abs. אַשְׁמֻרוֹת La 19:19, Ps 63:7, 119:148.
† יִשְׁמְרַי n.pr.m. in Benj., 1 Ch 8:18, Σαμαρει; A Ιεσαμαρι, LXXL Ιασσημαρι.
† מִשְׁמָר n.[m.] place of confinement, goal, prison; late, guard, watch, observance;—abs. מ׳: Gn 42:17 +; cstr. מִשְׁמַר 40:3 +; sf. מִשְׁמָרוֹ Ne 7:3, etc.; pl. sf. רָיו- 13:14;—
1. goal, prison, בֵּית שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים מ׳: Gn 40:3, cf. v:4 (abs.), v:7, 41:10, 42:17 (abs.), + v:30 (LXX), בֵּית מִשְׁמַרְכֶם v:19 (all E); guard-house in camp Lv 24:12 (H), Nu 15:34 (P).
2. guard, Je 51:12, Ne 4:3, 4:16, אַנְשֵׁי הַמּ׳: v:17; guard-post 7:3; fig. of י׳: setting a guard, כִּי תָשִׂים עָלַימ׳: Jb 7:12; band of (Levit.) guards or functionaries 1 Ch 26:16, Ne 12:24 (cf. מִשְׁמֶרֶת); act of guarding, מִכָּל־מ׳: Pr 4:23 above all guarding watch thy heart.—לְמ׳: Ez 38:7 is doubtful, Hi Co Toy al. reserve; Krae לְמשֵׁל.
3. pl. observances, services, of temple Ne 13:14.
מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶתּ:78 n.f. guard, watch, also charge, function;—מ׳: abs. 2 S 20:3 +, cstr. 2 K 11:5 +; abs. מִשְׁמָָרֶת Ex 16:34; sf. מִשְׁמַרְתִּי Gn 26:5 +, etc.; pl. מִשְׁמָרוֹת 1 Ch 9:23 +; cstr. מִשְׁמְרוֹת Ne 7:3; sf. רוֹתָם- 2 Ch 7:6 +, תֵיהֶם- 2 Ch 31:17;—†
1. guard, watch: בֵּית מ׳: 2 S 20:3 = house of detention, confinement; אַתָּה עִמָּדִי מ׳: 1 S 22:23 i.e. protected, secure; c. שָׁמַר keep the watch 2 K 11:5, 11:6, 11:7, 1 Ch 12:30 (van d. H. v:29); = post of watch (fig.) Is 21:3 (‖מִחְפֶה ), Hb 2:1 (‖מָחוֹר ); pl. = guards Ne 7:3, 1 Ch 9:23. †
2. keeping, preserving, וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמ׳: Ex 12:6 i.e. ye shall keep it; הִנִּיחוּ לָכֶם לְמ׳: 16:23, cf. v:32, v:33, v:34, Nu 19:9 (all P). †
3. charge, injunction of י׳:, c. שָׁמַר, in gen. Dt 11:1 ( + חֻקוֹת, מִשְׁפָּטִים, מִחְוֹת), cf. Gn 26:5, 1 K 2:3, and (מִחְוַת י׳ :מ׳:) Jos 22:3 (all R:D), Mal 3:14; of specif. injunctions Lv 18:30, Nu 9:19, 9:23. †
4. a. ceremonial office or function (AV RV usu. charge) of priest or Levite (P [esp. Nu], Ez 40, 44, 48, Chr Zc), mostly c. שָׁמַר: מִשְׁכַּן הָלֵדוּת מ׳: Nu 1:53, מִשְׁכַּן י׳ :מ׳: 31:30, 31:47, הַמִּקְדָּשׁ מ׳: Ez 44:15, Nu 3:38, אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד מ׳: 18:4 cf. v:3, 1 Ch 23:32, הַקֹּדֶשׁ מ׳: Nu 3:28, 3:32, 18:5, 1 Ch 23:32, קָדָשַׁי מ׳: (of Isr. in gen.) Ez 44:8, הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מ׳: Nu 18:5, Ez 40:46, תְּרוּמֹתָָי Nu 18:8, הַבַּיִת מ׳: Ez 40:45, 44:14, הַטָּהֳרָה מ׳: Ne 12:45; c. genit. (sf.) מ׳ :שׁ׳: = perform the service imposed by, due to, Lv 8:35, 22:9, Ez 44:8, 44:16, 48:11, Zc 3:7, אֱעלהֵיהֶם מ׳: Ne 12:45 (of Judah in gen.); הָעֵדָה מ׳: Nu 3:7 a, בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ :מ׳: 3:8, 3:38, בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן מ׳: 3:25, cf. v:7 a, v:31, v:36, 4:27, 4:28, 4:31, 4:32, 18:3, 1 Ch 23:32; also, in secular sense, בֵּית שָׁאוּל מ׳: 1 Ch 12:30; מַשָּׂאָם מ׳: Nu 4:31, מַשָּׂאָם כְּלֵי מ׳: v:32 (v:27 read c. LXX Di Gr Gray, etc. בְּשֵׁמוֹת for במ׳:, and perhaps מִשְׁמֶרֶת after אֵת, cf. v:32); עֲלֵיהֶם מ׳: 1 Ch 9:27 i.e. the duty rested upon them;—25:8, 26:12, v. 1. עֻמָה c, d (p. 769 supr.); עֹמְדִים עַל־מ׳: 2 Ch 7:6 were standing according to (or in) their offices, הֱעֶמִיד עַל מ׳: appoint to their offices 8:14, 35:2. b. pl. of Levitical divisions for service Ne 12:9.
II. שׁמר (√ of foll.; cf. NH שְׁמָרִים = BH, also vb. denom.; Targum שִׁמְרָא; meaning of √ and relation (if any) o I. שׁ׳: obscure; cf. poss. Ar. سَمُِرَ be tawny, dark, in colour, Lane:1425 a).
† 11. [שֶׁ֫מֶר] n.m.:Is 25:6 only pl. lees, dregs (fig.);—abs. שְׁמָרִים Is 25:6, 25:6 (in both = wine matured by resting undisturbed on the lees); sf. שֹׁקֵט הוּא אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Je 48:11 (of Moab’s undisturbed life), cf. (of careless men) הַקֹּפְאִים עַל־ שִׁמְרֵיהֶם Zp 1:12; שְׁמָרֶיהָ Ps 75:9 (of י׳:’s cup of judgment). 1. שֶׂ֫מֶר p. 1037
III. שׁמר (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; NH שָׁמִיר diamond, so Aram. שָׁמִירָא (also flint), ܫܳܡܺܝܪܳܐ; Ar. سَمُرَ = mimosa gummifera, Lane:1425 b).
שׁמור v. 111. שָׁמִיר. p. 1039
† I. שָׁמִיר n.m.: Ez 3:9 thorn(s), adamant, flint;—abs. שׁ׳: Is 5:6 +; sf. שְׁמִירוֹ 10:17;—
1. coll. thorns, thorn-bushes, token of waste-land, only Is, + שַׁיִת Is 5:6, 7:23, 7:24, 7:25, 27:4; fig. 9:17, 10:17; קוֹץ שׁ׳: 32:13.
2. adamant, as sharp, בְּחִפֹּרֶן כְּתוּבָה: שׁ׳: Je 17:1 (‖בְּעֵט בַּדְוֶל ); as hard, fig. of prophet’s firmness Ez 3:9; Zc 7:12 fig. of hard heart.
† II. שָׁמִיר n.pr.loc. 1. in הֵר אֶפְרַיִם Ju 10:1, 10:2, Σαμειρ; A LXXL Σαφειρ.
† III. שָׁמִיר n.pr.m. Levite, 1 Ch 24:24 Qr, Σαμηρ, Σεμμηρ (Kt שמור).
שׁמשׁ (√ of foll.; mng. unknown; NH = BH; Ph. שמש; As. šamšu; Aram. שִׁמְשָׁא, ܫܶܡܫܳܐ, OAram., Palm. שמש Lzb:379; Ar. شَمْسُ, Sab. שמסם goddess, SabDenkm:20. 56 ff. DHM:B.u.S. 1032 Wkl:ZMG liv (1900), 408 ff. RS:K 299 Nö:ZMG xii (1887), 712).
שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ:133 n.f.:Ju 19:14 et m.:Gn 19:23 (Albr:ZAW xv (1895), 324) sun;—abs. שׁ׳: Jos 10:12 +, שָָׁמֶשׁ Ju 20:43 +; sf. שִׁמְשֵׁךְ Is 60:20, שִׁמְשָׁךְ Je 15:9; pl. sf. שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֫יִךְ Is 54:12;—
1. sun, Gn 37:9 (E; + moon, stars); marking time: as rising (vb. זָרַת q.v.) Ex 22:2 (E) + 8 t. + Mal 3:20 (fig. חְדָקָה שׁ׳:, of reward of the faithful, with wings, i.e. rays ? Now GASm; or winged sun-disc [cf. We] ?); vb. יְחָא Gn 19:23 (J), Is 13:10, Ju 5:31 (sim. of splendour; v. יְחָא 1 f); setting (vb. בּוֹא) Gn 15:17 (J), Am 8:9 + 19 t., + לָבוֹא וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳: Gn 15:12 (JE), יְדַע מְבוֹאוֹ שׁ׳: Ps 104:19 (v. בּוֹא 1 i, מָבוֹא 2); as giving daylight Is 60:9; hot 1 S 11:9, Ne 7:3, Ex 16:21 (P), cf. Is 49:10, Jon 4:8, Ps 121:6; as ripening crops Dt 33:14 (poem), cf. (fig.) Jb 8:16, tanning the face Ct 1:6; standing still at Joshua’s word Jos 10:12, 10:13 a (poem in J; ‖יָרֵחַ ), v:13 b (J), cf. Hb 3:11 (+ יָרֵךְַ); casting shadow (on dial), יָֽרְדָה בְמַעֲלוֹת אָחָז בַּשּׁ׳: Is 38:8, וַתָּשָׁב הַשּׁ׳: v:8; set in sky by י׳: Je 31:25, Ps 19:5, 74:16, 136:8, enduring 72:5, 72:17 (cf. עִם 1 g, p. 768; [פָּנֶה] 11. 4 a (e), p. 817), also 89:37; personif., called to praise י׳: 148:3 (+ יָרֵךְַ); to be darkened by י׳:’s judgment, Ez 32:7, Jo 2:10, 3:4, 3:15 (cf. Am 8:9 supr., Mi 3:6).
2. of direction: מִמִּוְרַח הַשּׁ׳: Nu 21:11 (E) toward sun-rise, = East, cf. Dt 4:41, 4:47 + 16 t. (v. מִוְרָךְ p. 280); מְבוֹא הַשּׁ׳: Dt 11:30 + 3 t. (v. מָבוֹא 2, p. 99).
3. obj. of worship (usu. + moon, stars, etc.) 2 K 23:5, Je 8:2, Ez 8:16, Dt 4:19; horses given to שׁ׳: 2 K 23:11, מַרְכְּבוֹת השּׁ׳: v:11.—Vid. also בֵּית שׁ׳: p. 112:b.
4. other phr.: † a. נֶגֶד חַשּׁ׳:, i.e. openly, publicly, 2 S 12:12, Nu 25:4 (P), so לְעֵינֵי חַשּׁ׳: 2 S 12:11. † b. fig. of living, חָזָה שׁ׳: Ps 58:9, רָאָה שׁ׳: Ex 6:5, 7:11, 11:7, opp. תֶּחְשַׁךְ הַשׁ׳: 12:2. c. תַּחַת הַשּׁ׳:, i. e. on the earth, Ec 1:3 + 28 t. Ec (cf. Gk. ὐφ̓ ἠλίῳ, Kue:Ond. iii. 196; Ein1. iii. 192).
5. pinnacle, as glittering, shining, pl. Is 54:12 thy pinnacles, battlements (of Zion), so perhaps sg. אֱלֽהִים וּמָנֵן י׳ :שׁ׳: Ps 84:12 battlement and shield is א׳ :י׳: (Gr Bae Du Buhl; most sun, and so Thes De Che SS; Hup-Now hesitates).
שִׁמְשׁוֹן:38 n.pr.m. Samson (As. n.pr. Šamšânu, Hilpr:Murâshu 27. 70; on שמש in Ar. n.pr. trib. cf. Nö:ZMG x1 (1886), 166);—Σαμψων: Ju 13:24, 14:1, 14:3 + 35 t. Ju 14, 15, 16.
† שַׁמְשְׁרַי n.pr.m. in Benj. 1 Ch 8:26, Ισμασαρια, A Σαμσαρια, LXXL Σαμψαια.
שֻׁמָתִי v. [שֻׁמָה]. p. 1029
שָׁן, שַׁן v. בֵּית שְׁאָן. שֵׁן v. שׁנן. p. 112, 1042
שָׁנָא v. I. [שָׁנָה]. שֵׁנָא v. שֵׁאָה √ יָשֵׁן. below, p. 446
† שִׁנְאָב n.pr.m. king of Admah Gn 14:2, Σεννααρ (v. שִׁנְעָר v:1, LXX id.).
שִׁנְאָן v. sub III. שׁנה. p. 1041
† שֶׁנְאַחַָר n.pr.m. uncle of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:18, Σανεσαρ, LXXL Σανασαρ (EMey:Entstehung 77 cp. שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר, but v. Now:Hg 1:1).
שׁנב (√ of following; meaning dub.).
† אֶשְׁנָב n.[m.] window-lattice (אשנב Ecclus 42:11); 7; abs. א׳: Ju 5:28; sf. אֶשְׁנַבִּ׳: Pr 7:6 (both ‖חַלּוֹן ).
† I. [שָׁנָה] vb. change (NH Pi, etc.; Ecclus 42:24, etc.; As. šanû, change, Aram. שְׁנָא, Nab. Ethpa. Lzb:379; Syr. ܫܢܳܐ, esp. mentally = grow insane; cf. (prob.) NH שָׁנָה year, = Ph. שנת, שת; MI:2, MI:8 שת; As. šattu (cf. Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi (1892), 73 n.); Ar. سَنَةُ; Aram. שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢܬܳܐ; OAram., Nab., Palm. שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lzb:379 f.; on year from changing seasons, v. Philippi:ZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f. Ba:ZMG x1l (1887), 612, 621, 636 (esp. against DHM:VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452 who proposes bilit. √), cf. Thes; a daring suggestion by Jen:ZA vii (1892), 177);—Qal Pf. 1 S. לאֹ שָׁנִיתִי Mal 3:6 I am ´:י׳:, I do not change: Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁנֶא (Ges:§ 77 rr) La 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; Löhr:Now יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַס Bu Löhr); Inf. cstr. שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן Ps 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (SyrVer Vulgate Targum Aq Sym Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du Wel Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che al. years, usu. ins. I will remember); Pt. שׁוֹנִים Est 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, cf. 3:8 (so Ecclus 42:24); Pr 24:21 those who change (but dub., v. Toy). Pi. transit., change, alter: Pf. 3 ms. שִׁנָּה Je 52:33 c. acc. garments, = שִׁנָּא (Ges:1. c.) 2 K 25:29; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Pr 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ 1 S 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Ges:§ 75 bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and reff.), cf. Bu HPS Now), c. acc. טַעְמוֹ (v. טַעַם, and As. šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Est 2:9, i.e. changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1 s. Ps 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (‖לאֹ אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי ); Inf. cstr. לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵךְ Je 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־ טַעְמוֹ Ps 34:1 (title; cf. 1 S 21:14 supr.); Pt. מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Jb 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subj. God). Pu. Impf. 3 ms. וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Ges:§ 75 rr) Ec 8:1, usu. is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳: v. עֹז 4, √עזז). Hithp. Pf. 2 fs. consec. קוּמִי וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית 1 K 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.
שָׁנָה:877 n. f. (on appar. exe. v. Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 46) year (etym. v. √);—abs. שׁ׳: Am 2:10 +; cstr. שְׁנַת Gn 41:50 +; sf. שְׁנָתוֹ Ez 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Lv 14:10 + 2 t.; du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 +, תָָיִם- 1 K 15:25 +; pl. שָׁנִים Ex 21:2 +, cstr. שְׁנֵי Gn 23:1 + 24 t., שְׁנוֹת Dt 32:7 + 8 t. (poet. and late); sf. שְׁנָיו Lv 25:52 + 4 t. sf.; שְׁנוֹתַי Is 38:15, Ps 31:11, שְׁנוֹתָם 78:33 + 8 t. sf.;—year, as division of time, Ex 23:14, 23:17 3 t. בַּשָּׁנָה +, etc.; רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳: Dt 11:12, opp. אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳: v:12, חֵאת הַשּׁ׳: Ex 23:16, תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳: 34:22, 2 Ch 24:23, תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳: 2 S 11:1 +, etc.; בָּא שָׁנָה 2 K 13:20, rd. כְּבֹא שׁ׳: LXX Bur, בְשׁ׳ :בארץ שׁ׳: Kit, cf. בְשׁ׳ :שׁ׳: = year by year 1 S 1:7 +; בַּשָּׁנָה Benz, cf. Ne 10:33; so שׁ׳ :שׁ׳: Dt 14:22, אַחֲרֵי שׁ׳ :שׁ׳: 2 S 21:1, וְשׁ׳ :בְּכָל־שׁ׳: Est 9:21, 9:27; esp. of duration of life; שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי פ׳ :(יְמֵי) Gn 23:1, 25:7 + (P); שְׁנֵיהֶם Jb 36:11 +, שְׁנוֹתַי Ps 31:11 (‖חַיַּי ), etc.; of God Jb 10:5, Ps 102:25, 102:28; in phr. of age, v. בֵּן 9, בַּת 9; indef. שָׁנִים Ez 38:17 = for years, לְקֵץ שׁ׳: Dn 11:6; זֶה־יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים 1 S 29:3; specif. בִּשְׁנַת מוֹת הַמֶּלֶח Is 6:1, 14:28, בִּשְׁנַת בֹּא תַּרְתָּן 20:1, שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָּה Dt 15:9, 31:10, שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל Lv 25:13 +, etc.; שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר Is 16:14, 21:16 (v. שָׂכִיר); שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם Je 11:23 + 2 t.; רָחוֹן לְי׳ :שׁ׳: Is 61:2, etc.; שְׁנוֹת דֹּר־וָדֹר Dt 32:7, cf. Jo 2:2; most oft. c. num. card.: pl. after units, appos., Ex 21:2 +, so also שְׁתַּיִם שְׁנִים 2 S 2:10 +, but du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 + 4 t., שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Gn 41:1 + 4 t.; very rarely c. num. (certainly) cstr. שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים 1 S 13:1 (corrupt), שְׁלשׁ שׁ׳: Lv 25:21; 8 + שָׁנָה † 2 K 22:1; before unit (rare, late) 2 Ch 11:17, 11:17, Dn 1:5; sg. after 11–19, tens and hundreds Gn 5:3, 5:9, 14:4 + oft.; so 90 + 9 years 17:24 +, rarely 30 + 3 years 1 K 2:11, etc.; but אֶלֶף שָׁנִים Ps 90:4 1000 years, so (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Ec 6:6 1000 years twice over; with cp. num. oft. repeated, 900 year + 30 year Gn 5:5, etc.; 100 year + 70 year + 5 years 25:7, etc.; c. num. card. = ord., בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ 1 K 22:41 in the fourth year of, etc., also בִּשְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לְ 2 K 15:23, etc.; but לְ בְּאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שׁ׳: 2 K 18:13, etc. (oft.), and בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה 1 K 6:38, etc.; also (c. units), בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Lv 19:24 +, etc., + לְ 2 K 17:6 the ninth year of, etc.; and even (Ges:§ 134 p) בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְ 2 K 25:1, cf. Ezr 7:8, Je 46:2, 51:59 + (Kt) 28:1, 32:1 (Qr בַּשָּׁנָה).
II. שׁנה (√of foll., meaning dub.; Thes cp. Ar. سَنَا shine, Eth. sanaya: = 3anaya: be beautiful, Di:251, cf. Philippi:ZAW xxxii (1878), 79; but As. šinîtu is dyed cloth).
שָׁנִי:42 n.[m.] scarlet (prop. coccus ilicis, which attaches itself to leaves and twigs of quercus coccifera; the dried body of female yields colouring matter; cf. Tristr:NHB 319 Post:Hast. DB SCARLET M’Lean:Ency. Bib. id.);—usu. תִּקְוַת שָׁ׳: הַזֶּה חוּט הַשּׁ׳: Jos 2:18 this cord of thread of scarlet, הַשּׁ׳ :ת׳: v:21, חוּט הַשּׁ׳: Ct 4:3 (sim. of lips); so שּׁ׳:(הַ) alone Gn 38:28, 38:30 (J), and as material of clothing 2 S 1:24, Je 4:30, Pr 31:21 (pl. שָׁנִים; on order of ll. v. Toy); pl. also in sim. Is 1:18 if your sins are like scarlet (robes); elsewh. (P) שּׁ׳:(הַ)תּוֹלַעַת (v. ת׳:) of material for curtain, veil, ephod, etc., Ex 25:4, 26:1 + 24 t. Ex; שׁ׳ :בֶּגֶד ת׳: Nu 4:3 (v. II. ב׳: 2); cstr. תּ׳:(הַ)שְׁנִי used in purif., †Lv 14:4, 14:6, 14:49, 14:51, 14:52, Nu 19:6.
† III. שָׁנָה vb. repeat, do again (NH id.; Ecclus 42:1; Ar. شَنَي bend, fold, double; Aram. תְּנָא repeat, also teach, ܬܢܳܐ; As. šanû, esp. Pi. repeat, relate, cf. Scheil:ZA v (1890), 409 (Dl thinks denom.); on שׁ׳: as √of שְׁנַיִם two, v. Philippi:ZMG xxxii (1878), 77 Ba:ib. xli (1887), 603);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: 2 S 20:10; Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁנֶה 1 S 26:8, etc.; Imv. mpl. שְׁנוּ 1 K 18:34; Pt. שֹׁנֶה Pr 17:9, 26:11;—do again: לוֹ וְלאֹ שׁ׳ וַיַּכֵּהוּ:: 2 S 20:10, cf. 1 S 26:8; abs. 1 K 18:34, 18:34, Ne 13:21; = speak again Jb 29:22 + 40:5 acc. to many moderns (אשׁנה for MT אענה); בְּדָבָר שׁ׳: Pr 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (שנות דבר Ecclus 42:1); 26:11 a dullard repeats with (ב) his folly, does it over again (learns nothing by experience). Niph. Inf. cstr. וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה פַּעֲמָָיִם Gn 41:32 (E) concerning the dream’s being repeated, etc.
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (Philippi:ZMG x1ix (1895), 202 Ges:§ 97 b note):768 n. m. et f. du. two (NH id.; Ph. אשנם (and שנ׳: second), Pun. שנם Lzb:380; Ar. إِشنَان; Sab. תַני Hom:Chr 47, Aram. תְּרֵין, ܬܪܶܝܢ (תִּנְיָנָא, ܬܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ second); Nab. תרין, Palm. f. תרתן, תרתיא, Lzb:388; As. šinâ; on etym. v. √, and esp. Philippi:ZMG xxxii (1878), 21–98);—m. (c. n. m.) שְׁנַיִם Am 3:3 +; cstr. שְׁנֵי Is 7:16 +, sf. שְׁנֵיהֶם Gn 2:25 +, etc.; f. (c. n. f.) שְׁתַּיִם Am 4:8 +; cstr. שְׁתֵּי Gn 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Is 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵַי Ju 16:28 (v. GFM); sfs. v. infr. (2 + 10 = 12, v. infr.); Hex chiefly P;—two:
1. no other num.: a. usu. cstr. before n. pl. (חְמִידִים) שְׁנֵי Gn 24:22 + 19 t. + 2 S 23:20 ‖ 1 Ch 11:22 (ins. בְּנֵי LXX Th mod., otherwise RS:Sem. i. 469, 2nd ed., 488); (נָשִׁים) שְׁתֵּי Gn 4:19 + 132 t., 1 S 10:4 ins. כִּכְּרוֹת Klo HPS Bu Now; Lv 16:21 read du. יָדָיו Qr, + Ju 16:28 (v. supr.) + שְׁתֵּי־אֵלֶּה Is 47:9 both these things; before n. sg., שְׁנֵי Ex 16:22 (Ges:§ 134 e); sf. שְׁנֵיתֶם the two of them Gn 2:25 + 62 t., + Pr 24:22 (> their years SyrVer Targum De al.; prob. crpt., v. Toy), שְׁנֵינוּ Gn 31:37 + 2 t., שְׁנֵיכֶם †Gn 27:45; שְׁתֵּיהֶם (msf.! Ges:§ 135 o) †Ru 1:19, 4:11, יֵ֯הֶן † 1 S 25:43, Ez 23:13. b. abs. (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 t.), before n. pl. Ju 11:37 + 26 t.; after n. pl. 2 S 1:1, Ex 29:1+ 21 t. (usu. P Chr), n. sg. (coll.) Gn 46:27, Nu 7:17 + 11 t. Nu 17; n. om. Gn 7:2, 44:27 + 26 t.; שׁ׳ :שׁ׳: distrib. Gn 7:9 +; לִשׁ׳: cut in two †2 K 3:25, Je 34:18; = double amount †Ex 22:3, 22:6, 22:8 (E); פִּי שׁ׳: †Dt 21:17 double portion, + בְּרוּחֲךָ †2 K 2:9 in (of) thy spirit, + בָּהּ †Zc 3:18; (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 t.) bef. n. pl. 1 K 3:16 + 16 t.; after n. pl. (usu. P and late) 2 Ch 24:3 + 9 t.; n. om., = two things † Is 51:19, Jb 13:20, Pr 30:7; שְׁתַּיִם = twice † 2 K 6:10, Jb 40:5, Ps 62:12 (or as Pr 30:7), בִּשׁ׳: Jb 33:14 either so, or in two ways RVm (v. De); as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1 K 15:25 + 9 t., etc.; (3) as round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵחִים 1 K 17:12 a few sticks (Germ. ‘ein paar’), cf. 2 K 9:32, Is 17:6; שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלשׁ Am 4:8, פַּעַם וּשְׁתָָּיִם Ne 13:20, cf. Je 3:14 אֶחָד מֵעִיר וּשְׁנַיִם מִמִּשְׁפָּחָה = a small no.; Ezr 10:13 not for one or two days (but for many), 2 K 6:10.
2. twelve: c. n. m. שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Gn 42:13 + 87 t., לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Ex 28:21 + 4 t.; c. n.f. שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Ex 24:4 + 34 t., שְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה † Ez 32:1, 32:17, 33:21; before n. pl. Gn 17:20, Ex 15:27 +; after n.pl. Nu 7:84, 7:84 +; before n.sg. Ex 28:21 +, Gn 14:4 (12 year) +, etc.; as ord., יוֹם בְּיוֹם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Nu 7:78, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ez 32:1 +, etc.
3. with larger num.: 10 (etc.) + 2, 2 S 8:5, Ju 10:3 + 56 t.; 2 + 10 (etc.) Nu 1:35 (P), 2 Ch 22:2 + 18 t. (Kö:ii. 1. 215 ff. Ges:§ 97 f.); 200 + 2 + 30, 1 K 20:15; 50 + 2 as ord. 2 K 15:27 + 2 t.; cf. 2 + 20, 1 Ch 24:17.
שֵׁנִי m. שֵׁנִית f.:157 adj. num. ord. second;—בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי Ex 2:13 +, etc. (שֵׁנִי 82 t. + Ne 3:30, read שֵׁנִית; read וְהַשֵּׁנִי also 1 Ch 6:13 for ושני); בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית Gn 47:18 +, etc. (שֵׁנִית 72 t. + Ne 3:30 v. supr.), שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שׁ׳: Lv 13:5, 13:93, 13:54 a second heptad of days; שֵׁנִית = a second time Gn 22:15 + 16 t. + (= again, of similar—not identical—act, or another point in a series) Ez 4:6, Mal 2:13, וְהַשֵּׁנִית 2 S 16:19; † mpl. שְׁנִיִּם Nu 2:16 they shall set out as second, but Gn 6:16 second stories (in ark).
†מִשְׁנֶה n.[m.] double, copy, second;—abs. מ׳: Gn 41:43 +; cstr. מִשְׁנֵה Je 16:18 + 3 t., so read also Dt 15:18 (van d. H., > נֶה- Gi), Je 17:18 (Gie Buhl al.); sf. מִשְׁנֵהוּ 1 S 8:2 +; pl. מִשְׁנִים 1 Ch 15:18 (1 S 15:9, Ezr 1:10 v. infr.);—
1. (the) double: כֶּסֶף מ׳: Gn 43:12 (J) money of double amount, cf. כֶּסֶף מ׳: v:15 (J), a double amount (in) money (Ges:§ 131 q); לֶחֶם מ׳: Ex 16:22 (P); עַל אֲשֶׁרמ׳: וגו׳: v:5 (P) the double above what they gathered daily; מִשְׁנֵה שְׂכַר שָׂכִיר Dt 15:18 (v. Dr); עֲוֹנָם מ׳: Je 16:18 the double of their guilt, 17:18 (v. supr.); a double portion Is 61:7, 61:7, Zc 9:12, Jb 42:10.
2. written copy of law Dt 17:18, Jos 8:32 (D).
3. second in order : a. second, rank, מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמּ׳: Gn 41:43 (J), רֶכֶב הַמּ׳: 2 Ch 35:24; of pers. one second in rank, priest next to high-priest, מ׳:(הַ) 2 K 23:4, 25:18 = Je 52:24; אֶהְיֶה־לְּךָ לְמ׳: 1 S 23:17, מִשְׁנֵה הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Ch 28:7, לַמֶּלֶךְ מ׳: Est 10:3; 1 Ch 15:18, 16:5, 2 Ch 31:12; מֵאֶחָיו מ׳: Ne 11:17.—1 S 15:9 read (cf. SyrVer Targum) הַמַּשְׁמַנִּים (Ne 8:10) Th, הַשְּׁמַנִּים or הַשְּׁמֵנִים We Dr Bu, etc. (Ez 34:16); מִשׁ׳: Ezr 1:10 is appar. corruption of a numeral. b. second in age, 1 S 8:2, 17:13, 2 S 3:3, 1 Ch 5:12. 3. second quarter, district, of city, הַמִּשְׁנֶה 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22, Zp 1:10, cf. הָעִיר מִשְׁנֶה Ne 11:9 over the city, viz. the second quarter.
†שִׁנְאָן n.[m.] repetition (?);—אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָָן Ps 68:18 thousands of repetition, i.e. thousands twice-told, Che; redoubled, Dr, i.e. thousands on thousands (Du, reading אֶלֶף, as שִׁנָּא c. sf. removed them, treating שׁנאן אדני מסיני בק׳: as gloss).
שֵׁנָה v. √יָשֵׁן. שֶׁנְהַבִּים v. √שׁנן p. 446, 1042
†[שָׁנַן] vb. whet, sharpen (cf. Ar. سَنَّ id.; Aram. שְׁנִינָא, ܫܢܺܝܢܳܐ sharp, etc.; Eth. [sanana:] III, 2, tasnana: contend, litigate; hence שֵׁן tooth, NH id., As. šinnu, Ar. سِنُّ, eth. sn: Aram. שִׁנָּא, ܫܶܢܳܐ);—Qal whet, sharpen: Pf. 1 s. אִם שַׁנּוֹתִ֫י בְּרַק חַרְבִּי (Ges:§ 67 ee) Dt 32:41, of י׳:’s preparation for judgment; 3 pl. (כַחֶרֶב) שָֽׁנְנוּ לְשׁוֹנָם Ps 64:4, 140:4 of uttering sharp words; Pt. pass. שְׁנוּנִים sharpened, of arrows, Is 5:28, Ps 45:6, fig. of tongue 120:4, of false witness Pr 25:18. Pi. Pf. consec. וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ Dt 6:7 i.e. teach the words incisively, Germ. ‘einschärfen.’ Hithpō‘. Impf. 1 s. Ps 73:21 in my, kidneys אֶשְׁתּוֹנָ֑ן I was pierced (of poignant envy).
† I. שֵׁן n.f.1 S 2:13 (yet m. 1 S 14:5 cf. Dr) tooth, ivory;—שׁ׳: abs. Ex 21:24 +, cstr. v:27 +, שֶׁן׳: Dt 32:24; sf. שִׁנּם Ex 21:27; du. שִׁנַּיִם Pr 10:26, cstr. שִׁנֵּי Je 31:29 +; sf. שִׁנֵּיהֶם Ps 124:6, שִׁנֵּימוֹ 58:7, etc.;—
1. tooth: a. of man, Ex 21:27, 21:27, 21:27 (E), Nu 11:33 (J), Gn 49:12 (poem in J), Am 4:6, Ct 4:2, 6:6, רֹעָה שׁ׳: Pr 25:19, v. II. רעע 2; of lex talionis, תַּחַת שׁ׳ :שׁ׳: Ex 21:24 (E), Lv 24:20 (H), שֵׁן בְּשׁ׳: Dt 19:21; irritated by acid Pr 10:26, dulled by it (in proverb of inherited guilt) Je 31:29, 31:30, Ez 18:2; חָרַק שׁ׳: La 2:16, Jb 16:9, Ps 35:16, 112:10, v. חָרַק; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Jb 13:14 = risk my life (del. עַל־מָה, dittogr.; ‖אָשִׂים בְּכַּפִּי נַפְשִׁי ); בְּעוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י 19:20, v. מָלַט Hithp. (other conj. v. Di Bi Bu Du). b. of beasts : Dt 32:24, crocodile Jb 41:6, locusts Jo 1:6 (teeth of lions); esp. fig. of false prophets Mi 3:5, of foes Zc 9:7, oppressors Jb 29:17, wicked 4:10, Ps 3:8, 58:7, 124:6; of their weapons Pr 30:14, Ps 57:5; of Isr. shattered by י׳:. c. tooth of a fork, tine, 1 S 2:13 (cf. Dr:Sm. 291); of cliff, שֵׁן הַסֶּלַע14:4, 14:4, cf. Jb 39:28, הַשֵּׁן 1 S 14:5.
2. ivory, of commerce, קַרְנוֹת שֵׁן Ez 27:15 (i.e. tusks?); as material, מִטּוֹת שׁ׳: Am 6:4, כִּסֵּא־שׁ׳: 1 K 10:18 = 2 Ch 9:17, בֵּית הַשּׁ׳: 1 K 22:39, cf. Am 3:15, הֵיכְלֵי שׁ׳: Ps 45:9, also Ez 27:6, Ct 5:15, 7:5.
II. שֵׁן n.pr.loc. הַשּׁ׳: 1 S 7:12, v. יְשָׁנָה p. 446a.
†שְׁנִינָה n.f. sharp (cutting) word, taunt;—Dt 28:37, 1 K 9:7 = 2 Ch 7:20, Je 24:9 (cf. Ps 64:4, 140:4).
†שֶׁנְהַבִּים appar. n.m. [pl.], in list of Solomon’s imports, 1 K 10:22 = 2 Ch 9:21, AV RV ivory (elsewh. שֵׁן alone); hence הַבִּים = elephants acc. to Ges (in Thes) Ew Hi Schr:ZMG xxvii (1873), 709 COT:1 K, cf. LXX (2 Ch, and A in 1 K) ὀδόντων ὲλε-φαντίνων, Vulgate (in 1 K) dentes elephantorum, Targum ; but this very dub.; < rd. Röd:Thes Th Be Che:EB 1154 הָבְנִים(וְ)שֵׁן ivory (and) ebony (Ez 27:15).
†[שָׁנַס] vb. Pi. gird up (si vera l.; in Talm. (Aram.) שְׁנַץ = bind sandals; NH שֶׁנֶץ thong);—Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׁנֵּס מָתְנָיו וַיָּ֫רָץ 1 K 18:46.
שְׁנָת Ps 132:4 v. שֵׁנָה p. 446a.
†שִׁנְעָר n.pr.loc. Shinar = Babylonia (= Bab. Šumêr acc. to COT:Gn 11, 1 al., >denied by Hal:Rev. Crit. 1883, 44 Jen: ZK ii(1885), 419; Egypt.Sangar (WMM:As. u. Eur. 279), TelAm. Šanḫar (Wkl:TelAm. 25) identif. with שׁ׳: by Mey:Egyptiaca 63; cf., further, Pinches:Hast. DB SHINAR);—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳: Gn 10:10, 11:2, Zc 5:11, Dn 1:2; מֶלֶח־שׁ׳: (Amraphel) Gn 14:2, 14:9; שׁ׳: alone Is 11:11 (as place of diaspora); אַדֶּרֶת שׁ׳: Jos 7:21; LXX usu. Σεν(ν)ααρ; Zc 5:11 (ἐν γῆ) Βαβυλῶνος.
שְׁנָת sleep, v. שֵׁנָה sub יָשֵׁן. p. 446
† [שָׁסָה] vb. spoil, plunder (rarer syn. of שׁלל, בזז; with this √WMM:As. u. Eur. 131 connects Egypt. name of Beduin plunderers Šôs [Ša-su, ša-sa]; connex. doubted by Jen:ZA x (1895), 331);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָׁ֫סוּ לָ֫מוֹ Ps 44:11 they plunder for themselves; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁסֶה אוֹחַר וגו׳:. Ho 13:15 elsewh. Pt. שֹׁסֶים plunderers Ju 2:14, 2 K 17:20; c. acc. loc. 1 S 23:1; c. sf. (as obj.) שֹׁסֵ֫הוּ 1 S 14:48 (prob. pl. = שֹׁסֵ֫יהוּ, so Sta:p. 355 Dr Bu, cf. Ges:§ 91 k), שׁוֹסֵ֫ינוּ Is 17:14 (‖בֹּזְזֵינוּ ), שֹׁסֵיהֶם Ju 2:16; שֹׁסַ֫יִח Je 30:16 Qr (Kt v. שסס; ‖בֹּזְזַיִח ); cstr. (שֹׁסֵי נַחֲלָתִי 50:11; pass. עַם־בָּזוּז וְשָׁסוּי Is 42:22. Pō‘.=Qal Pf. 1 s. שׁוֹשֵׂתִי (Ges:§ 6 k) Is 10:13, c. acc. rei; read also prob. Pt. מְשׁוֹסֶה Is 42:24 (‖בֹּזְזִים ), for משוסה Kt, מְשִׁסָּה Qr; so Du Klo Che:Hpt Marti.
†[שָׁסַס] vb. id. (‖ from of שׁסה);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שַׁסֻּ֫הוּ Ps 89:42 they have plundered him; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּשֹׁ֫סּוּ Ju 2:14 (acc. pers.); 1 S 17:53 (acc. loc.); pt. sf. שֹׁאֲסַיִח Je 30:16 Kt (Qr v. שׁסה), Aram. form, Ges:§ 67 s. Niph. be plundered, rifled, of houses: Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנָשַׁ֫סּוּ Zc 14:2; Impf. 3 mpl. יִשַּׁ֫סּוּ Is 13:16.
†מְשִׁסָּה n.f. booty, plunder;—abs. מ׳: 2 K 21:14 +, so Is 42:24 Qr (מְשִׁסָּה Gi, מְשִׁיסָּה Baer; Kt משוסה, usu. read מְשׁוּסָּה, < read מְשׁוֹסֶה, v. שׁסה Pō‘.); pl. abs. מְשִׁסּוֹה Hb 2:7;—plunder, spoil, prey, usu. הָיָה לִמ׳: (and ‖בַּז ) 2 K 21:14, Je 30:16, Hb 2:7, Zp 1:13 (‖שְׁמָמָה ), cf. Is 42:22 (v:24 see above).
† [שָׁסַע] vb. divide, cleave (NH Pi. tear spart; Targum: Jer Pa. La 3:11 tear in pieces (for HCT פִּשֵּׁחַ));—Qal Pt. (c. acc. cogn. שֶׁ֫סַע): ms. וְשֹׁסַע שֶׁסַע פַּרְסָה Lv 11:7 (P; on שֹׁ׳: cf. Lag:BN 84) cleaving the cleft of the hoof, i.e. having cloven hoof, so fs. שֹׁסַ֫עַת v:3, cf. Dt 14:6; שֶׁסַע אֵינֶנָּה שֹׁסַ֫עַת Lv 11:26 (P); pass. הַפַּרְסָה הַשְּׁסוּעָה Dt 14:7. Pi. tear in two, a lion, kid, Impf., Inf. cstr. וַיְשַׁסְּעֵהוּ כְּשַׁסַּע הַגְּדִי Ju 14:6; a bird (by, or at, its wings), Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשִׁסַּע אֹתוֹ Lv 1:17 (P); impf. 3 ms. (אֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו בַּדְּבָרִים) וַיְשַׁסַּע 1 S 24:8 gives too violent a meaning; prob. crpt. for word = restrain, or the like Dr HPS, cf. Bu Now (hesitantly).
† שֶׁ֫סַע n.[m.] cleft;—as acc. cogn. c. [שָׁסַע], q.v.; abs. Lv 11:26, cstr. v:3, v:7, Dt 14:6. p. 1042
† [שָׁסַף] vb. dub.: Pi. hew in pieces (Vrss and context);—Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׁסֵּף 1 S 15:33, acc. pers.;—Gr Dr HPS qy. וַיְשַׁסַּע, but improb.
†שָׁעָה vb. gaze (steadily, with interest, etc.) (As. še’û, behold, look for, aim at);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Gn 4:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁעֶה Is 17:7, 17:8, apoc. וַיִּ֫שַׁע Gn 4:4, 1 s. אֶשְׁעָה (Ges:§ 75 1) Ps 119:117, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁעֵה Jb 14:6; mpl. שְׁעוּ Is 22:4;—gazeat, regard (with favour), י׳: subj., c. אֶל Gn 4:4, 4:5 (J); c. מִן pers. = turn gaze away Is 22:4, Jb 7:19 Thes Ew Che, + prob. 10:20 (for יָשִׁית), c. מֵעַל pers. 14:6; man subj., regard God (with trust, devotion), c. עַל Is 17:7, 31:1; c. אֶל rei 17:8; c. בְּ of words, statutes, Ex 5:9 (J) Ps 119:117; abs. 3 fpl. תִּשְׁעֶינָה Is 32:3 shall not behold makes no sense, read prob. תְּשֹׁעֶינָה (√ I. שׁעע, Ew and most); 3 mpl. יִשְׁעוּ 2 S 22:42 they look (about) for help, < as ‖ Ps 18:42 יְשַׁוְּעוּ. Hiph. Imv. ms. הָשַׁע מִמֶּנִּי Ps 39:14 cause thy gaze to turn away from me (see also √I. שׁעע), < Qal שְׁעֵה as Jb 14:6 (cf. 7:19, Is 22:4) Hup Bae Du Ges:§ 75 gg. Hithp. Impf. 2 ms. apoc. אַל־תִּשְׁתָּע Is 41:10 gaze not about (in anxiety, ‖אַל־תִּירָא ); 1 pl. וְנִשְׁתָּ֫עָה (Ges:§ 75 1) v:23 let us look at each other (in rivalry, v. ראה Hiph.).
שׁעט (√of following; Ar. شَعِطَ II. pound to pieces).
† [שַׁעֲטָה] n.f. stamping (of hoofs);—cstr. שַׁעֲטַת פַּרְסוֹת אַבִּירָיו Je 47:3.
† שַׁעַטְנֵז n.m. mixed stuff (perh. of Egypt. origin; Kn der. from Copt. saht, woven, + nudj, false (Peyron:Lex 224. 133), and thinks orig. שַׁעַטְנֹז; LXX has κίβδηλος spurious);—a kind of cloth forbidden for garments; defined Dt 22:11 by חֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים יַחְדָּו, and Lv 19:19 (H) by כִּלְאַיִם.
שֵׁעִיר v. שֵׂעִיר. p. 973
I. שׁעל (√of following; NH שַׁעַל, deep, depth, of sea; Aram. שְׁעוֹלָא, שָׁעֳלָא, ܫܽܘܥܠܳܐ= BH [שֹׁעַל]).
† [שֹׁ֫עַל] n.[m.] hollow hand, handful;—
1. hollow hand: sf. בְּשָׁעֳלוֹ Is 40:12 (fig. of י׳: holding waters).
2. handful: pl. שְׁעָלִים 1 K 20:10 (dust, in hyperb.); cstr. שַׁעֲלֵי שְׂעֹרִים (as if fr. [שַׁ֫עַל] Kö: ii. l. 35) Ez 13:19 handfuls of barley.
† מִשְׁעוֹל n.m. hollow way, road shut in;—cstr. הַכְּרָמִים מ׳: Nu 22:24 (JE) i.e. road shut in between vineyards.
II. שׁעל (√of foll.; NH שׁוּעָל, שׁעל; Ar. شُعَالُ, شُعَالَةُ; Aram. תַּעֲלָא, ܬܰܥܠܳܐ all = BH שׁוּעָל).
† I. שׁוּעָל n.m.:Ct 2:15 fox, perhaps also jackal;—abs. שׁ׳: Ne 3:25; pl. שׁוּעָלִים Ju 15:4 +, שֻׁ׳: Ez 13:4, Ct 2:15 b;—fox (prob.) Ne 3:25, Ct 2:15, 2:15; perh. (fr. large no.) jackal Ju 15:4; as haunting ruins Ez 13:4, La 5:18; eating offal Ps 63:11.
†II. שׁוּעָל n.pr.loc. district in Israel;—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳: 1 S 13:17 (דֶּרֶךְ עָפְרָה); not identified.—Vid. also חֲחַר שׁ׳: p. 347:b supr.
† III. שׁוּעָל n.pr.m. in Asher;—1 Ch 7:36, Σουλα, A Σουαλ, LXXL Σουαν.
† שַׁעַלְבִים n.pr.loc. (perh. haunt of foxes; Ar. شَعْلَبُ, As. šêlibu, fox);—in (orig.) territory of Dan, Ju 1:35 (cf. GFM, on etym. and site), 1 K 4:9, Θαλαβεειν, Σαλαβειμ, Ju also αἱ ἀλώπεκες, as doublet, or (A LXXL) alone; = שַׁעֲלַבִּין Jos 19:42, Σα(α)λαβειν.
שַׁעֲלַבִּין v. foregoing.
† שַׁעַלְבֹנִי adj.gent. (of foregoing ?);—2 S 23:32 = 1 Ch 11:33; ὁ Σαλβωνείτης, Σαλαβωνι,etc.
† שְׁעָלִים n.pr.loc. district in Israel;—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳: 1 S 9:4, Εασακεμ, A Σααλειμ, LXXL Σεγαλειμ; near Michmash Schick:ZPV iv. 248; not identified; = שַׁעַלְבִים We Dr Now; cf. II. שׁוּעָל Th HPS Bu.
שׁעם √assumed by Thes for מִשְׁעָם n.pr. q.v.
† [שָׁעַן] vb. Niph. lean, support oneself;—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִשְׁעַן Nu 21:15, Is 10:20; 1 pl. נִשְׁעַנּוּ 2 Ch 14:10, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁעֵן Jb 8:15 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. הִשָּׁעֲנוּ Gn 18:4; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁעֵן Is 10:20, sf. הִשָּׁעֶנְךָ 2 Ch 16:7, 16:8, etc.; Pt. נִשְׁעָן 2 S 1:6 +;—lean, c. עַל upon, 2 S 1:6, 2 K 5:18, 7:2, 7:17, against pillars Ju 16:26, house Jb 8:15 (fig.); תַּחַת הָעֵץ Gn 18:4 (J); poet. of cliff, לִגְּבוּל וְנִשׁ׳: Nu 21:15 leans to (upon) the border of Moab; lean (fig. = trust) upon, עַל pers. king Is 10:20, Ez 29:7, 2 Ch 16:7; עַל־י׳: Mi 3:11, Is 10:20, 2 Ch 13:18, 14:10, 16:7, 16:8; בֵּלֽהָיו Is 50:10; abs. Jb 24:23; עַל־סוּסִים Is 31:1; על c. n. abstr. 30:12, Pr 3:5.
† אֶשְׁעָָן n.pr.loc. in hills of Judah Jos 15:52, Σομα, LXXL Εσαν.
†מִשְׁעָן n.[m.] support, staff;—abs. מ׳:, fig. of י׳:, 2 S 22:19 = Ps 18:19; cstr. כֹּל מִשְׁעַן־לֶחֶם וְכֹל מִשְׁעַן־מָָיִם Is 3:1 (gloss, v. Comm.).
† מַשְׁעֵן n.m. id.;—abs. וּמַשְׁעֵנָה מ׳: Is 3:1 fig. support and staff.
† מַשְׁעֵנָה n.f. id., v. foregoing (m. et f. to exhaust the category = support of every kind).
† מִשְׁעֶ֫נֶת n.f. staff;—abs. Ju 6:21, 2 K 4:31; cstr. 2 K 18:20 +; sf. מִשְׁעַנְתּוֹ Ex 21:19, Zc 8:4, etc.; pl. sf. מִשְׁעֲנֹתָם Nu 21:18;—staff, Ex 21:19 (E) Nu 21:18 (J) Ju 6:21, 2 K 4:29, 4:29, 4:31, Zc 8:4; fig. of political support, מִשְׁעֶנֶת הַקָּנֶה הָרָחוּץ 2 K 18:21 = Is 36:6, cf. Ez 29:6; of י׳: as shepherd Ps 23:4 (+שֵׁבֶט).
† I. [שָׁעַע] vb. be smeared over, blinded (Aram. שְׁעַע smear (akin to שׁוּעַ id.), ܐܰܫܰܥ to smooth, שָׁעִיעַ smooth (of words), flattering, ܫܰܥܺܝܥ smooth (cf. also ܫܳܥ, ܫܰܥ smear over, close up);—Qal Imv. + Hithpalp. Imv. mpl. הִשְׁתַּעַשְׁעוּ וָשָֹׁעוּ Is 29:9 blind yourselves and be blind ! (‖הִתְמַהְמְהוּ וּתְמָהוּ ); > Buhl הִשְׁתָּעוּ וּשְׁעוּ, √שׁעה look about (2 S 22:42); Is 32:3 rd. prob. 3 fpl. תְּשֹׁעֶינָה, of eyes, be blinded (v. שׁעה). Hiph. Imv. ms. וְעֵינָיו הָשַָׁע Is 6:10 and its eyes besmear !—So perhaps הָשַׁע Ps 39:14 (עֵינֶיךָ om.) was intended by Mas. (but wrongly, v. Ol al.); see שָׁעָה. p. 1043
† II. [שָׁעַע] vb. Pilp., etc., sport, take delight in, delight (usu. made = I. שׁ׳: smooth over, please; Buhl cp. Aram. ܫܥܳܐ, Ithpe. sport, trifle, Vulg. Ar. مشعشع (loan-word ?) Vollers:ZMG xiv (1891), 86, 1. 3);—Pilp. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשִׁעֲשַׁע Is 29:9 the suckling shall sport on (עַל) the cobra’s hole; 1 s. שִׁעֲשָָׁעְתִּי Ps 119:70 I take delight in thy law (acc.; but ? rd. שַׁעֲשֻׁעָָי, v:77); Impf. transit. 3 mpl. יְשַׁעַשְׁעוּ Ps 94:19 thy consolations delight my soul (acc.). Palp. Impf. 2 mpl. תְּשָֽׁעֳשָָׁעוּIs 66:12 upon (עַל) the knees shall ye be fondled. Hithpalp. Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָָׁע Ps 119:16 in (ב) thy statutes will I delight myself, cf. v:47.
† [שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים], שׁוּעִים- n.[m.] pl. intens. delight (Ba:NB 206);—abs. שׁוּעִים- Je 31:20, Pr 8:30; sf. שׁוּעָיו- Is 5:7, usu. שֻׁעַי- Pr 8:31, Ps 119:24, שֻׁעָָי- v:77 + 3 t.;—delight, in phr. נְטַע שׁ׳: Is 5:7 the planting of his delight (in which he took delight), so יֶלֶד שׁ׳: Je 31:20 (‖בֵּן יַקִּיר ); אֶת־ שׁ׳: Pr 8:31 my delight (was) with the sons of men; elsewhere = object of delight, of wisdom v:30; God’s law, etc., Ps 119:24, 119:77, 119:92, 119:143, 119:174.
† שַׁ֫עַף n.pr.m. in clan of Caleb, Σαγαε, A Σαγαφ, LXXL Σααφ;—
1. שׁ׳: 1 Ch 2:49.
2. שָָׁעַף v:47.
I. שׁער (√of foll.; Ar. شَغَرَ break, break off, through, شَعْرُ gap, opening; Eth. sa9ara: tear in two, dissolve; Aram. ܬܪܰܥ (transp.) split, divide, תְּרַע tear down; NH שַׁעַר gate, so MI:22 שעריה (pl. sf.), Ph. שער Lzb:381; Tel Am. šaḫri, as Canaanism, Wkl:195, 1. 16; Aram. תַּרְעָא, ܬܰܪܥܳܐ; Nab. תרעא Lzb:388;—Egypt. šạār is loan-word Bondi:70).
שַׁ֫עַר:373 n.m.: 2 S 18:24 (f.:Is 14:31 in personif., Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 86) gate;—שׁ׳: abs. Ju 9:40 +, cstr. Gn 22:17 +; c. ה loc., שָָׁעְרָה Is 28:6 +; pl. שְׁעָרִים 2 S 18:24 +, cstr. שַׁעֲרֵי 1 S 17:52 +; sf. שְׁעָרֶיךָ Dt 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Ez 21:20, 48:34, etc.;—
1. a. gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Jos 2:5, 2:7 (JE), cf. Is 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Ne 7:3, cf. Is 60:11; for entrance (בּוֹא), and exit (יָחָא) Je 17:19, 17:20, 17:21, 17:24, 17:25, 17:27, La 4:12, Ez 26:10 +; עָבַר שׁ׳: Mi 2:13 pass out through (disreg. accents), בַּשׁ׳ :ע ׳: Is 62:10; with bars Ps 147:13; attacked Ez 21:20, 21:27, cf. Is 28:6, Mi 1:9, 1:12, 1 S 17:52; on Ju 5:8, 5:11 v. Comm.; burned (by foe) Je 19:27, 51:58, Ne 1:3, 2:3, 2:13, 2:17; as giving control, possession, of city, אֹיְבָיו יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ׳: Gn 22:17, 24:60 (J); פֶּתַח הַשּׁ׳: Ju 9:40 + (v. פ׳:), דַּלְתוֹת הַשּׁ׳: 1 S 21:14 + (v. ד׳: 3); פֶּתַח־הַשּׁ׳: Ju 18:16, 18:17 of farm or village; so of camp Ex 32:26, 32:27 (J). In cities, elaborate structure, with roof 2 S 18:24, upper chamber 19:1; cf. שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם Ps 24:7, 24:9; write laws בִּשׁ׳: Dt 6:9 ( + עַל־מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶָךָ), 11:20 (+id..); בְּתוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳: 1 S 9:18, אֶלאתּוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳: 2 S 3:27; יַד שׁ׳:(לְ) as public, 1 S 4:18, + v:13 LXX Th We Dr al., cf. 2 S 15:2, 18:4, Pr 8:3 (‖מְבוֹא פְתָחִים ). b. particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) אֶפְרַיִם שׁ׳: 2 K 14:13 ‖ 2 Ch 25:23, Ne 8:16, 12:39; (2) הָאַשְׁפֹּת שׁ׳: Ne 2:13, 3:14, 12:31 = הָֽשְׁפוֹת שׁ׳: 3:13; (3) בִּנְיָמִין שׁ׳: Je 37:13, 38:7, Zc 14:10; (4) הַגַּיִא שׁ׳: Ne 2:13, 2:15, 3:13, 2 Ch 26:9; (5) הַדָּגִים שׁ׳: Zp 1:10, Ne 3:3, 12:39, 2 Ch 33:14; (6) בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם שׁ׳: 2 K 25:4 = Je 52:7 cf. Je 39:4; (7) החרסות שׁ׳: Je 19:2; (8) הַיְשָׁנָה שׁ׳: Ne 3:6, 12:39; (9) הַמִּזְרָךְ שׁ׳: 3:29; (10) הַמַּטָּרָה שׁ׳: 12:39; (11) הַמָָּיִם שׁ׳: 8:1, 8:3, 8:16; (12 ) הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָָח שׁ׳: 3:26, cf. 12:37; (13) הַמִּפְקָָד שׁ׳: 3:31; (14) הָעַיִן שׁ׳: 2:14, 3:15, 12:37; (15) הַסּוּסִים שׁ׳: Je 31:40, Ne 3:28 (cf. 3 b); (16) הַפִּנָּה שׁ׳: 2 K 14:13 ‖ 2 Ch 25:23 (rd. הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֹנֶה), Je 31:38, 2 Ch 26:9; prob. = הַפִּנִּים שׁ׳: Zc 14:10; (17) הַצּאֹן שׁ׳: Ne 3:1, 3:32, 12:39; (18) הָרִאשׁוֹן שׁ׳: Zc 14:10;—on sites and rel. to each other v. RS-GASm:Ency. Bib. JERUSALEM Conder:Hast. DB id. Buhl:G 133 ff. Bd:Pal. s. v. Murray:Hd. Bk, s. v. Be-Ry:Ne p. 182 ff. Gu:ZPV, esp. v (1882). 7 ff. viii (1885), 245 ff. Comm.:ad loc. var. c. of Ezekiel’s holy city, שַׁעֲרֵי הָעִיר Ez 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, v:31, v:31, v:31, v:31 + 12 t. Ez 48.
2. a. gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market 2 K 7:1, 7:18, place of public well 2 S 23:15, 23:16 = 1 Ch 11:17, 11:18, where elders, judges, king, sat officially Dt 21:19, 22:15, Am 5:12, 5:15, Is 29:21, 2 S 18:24, 19:9, 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9, Gn 19:1 (J) Pr 24:7, Jb 5:4, 31:21, Ru 4:1, 4:11, Pr 31:23, 31:31, etc.; of conqueror Je 1:15; appar. = רְחוֹב שׁ׳: Gn 19:2 (J) Ne 8:16, 1 Ch 9:16 + (v. 1. ר׳:); Gn 34:20 (P) one came unto gate (בָּא אֶל־), so בָּאֵי שׁ׳: 23:10, 23:18 (P) those entering the gate, i.e. having citizens’ rights; also went out (to), יָחָא שׁ׳: Jb 29:7 (i.e., in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence כָּל־יֹחְאֵי שׁ׳: Gn 34:24, 34:24 (P; cf. also הוֹחִיא אֶל־ Dt 21:19, 22:15; 22:24); hence = body of citizens, עַמִּיכָּל־שׁ׳: Ru 3:11. b. hence also = city Is 14:31 (‖עִיר ), Ps 87:2, etc. c. specif. in Dt, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, i.e. thy cities, towns, etc., Dt 5:14 = Ex 20:10, Dt 12:12, 12:15, 12:17, 12:21 + 22 t. Dt + 1 K 8:37 (read בְּאַחַד שׁ׳:, cf. Dt 18:6, 23:17, so LXX SyrVer mod.), so ‖ 2 Ch 6:28, + (perh.) Je 14:2 (but 15:7, Na 3:13 fig. of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי חַדִּיק Pr 14:19 (perh. cf. Ju 18:16 1 a supr.).
3. a. gate of royal castle or palace 2 K 9:31, Je 22:2, 22:4, Ne 2:8, Est 2:19 + 10 t. Est; specif. (of king of Judah), סוּר שׁ׳: 2 K 11:6 = הַיְסוֹד שׁ׳: 2 Ch 23:5 (v. ס׳:, יס׳:), הָרָחִים שׁ׳: 2 K 11:19, אַחַר הָר׳ :הַשּׁ׳: v:6; הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ׳ :שׁ׳: 2 Ch 23:15 ( = ‖מְבוֹא הַסּ׳ : 2 K 11:16); appar. of official residence, יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פֶּתַח שׁ׳: 2 K 23:8. b. of temple Je 7:2, 7:2, 1 Ch 9:23, 16:42 + 12 t. Ch, incl. שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳: 2 Ch 31:2 (v. מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), cf. Ps 100:4, 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי חֶדֶק v:19; specif. בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֹן שׁ׳: Je 20:2, and (om. בִּנְי׳:) 2 K 15:35 = 2 Ch 27:3, Ez 9:2, 2 Ch 23:20, הֶחָדָשׁ ן י׳: (בֵּית) שׁ׳: Je 26:10, 36:10, הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֹנֶה שׁ׳: חָפוֹנָה Ez 8:3 cf. v:14, 8:5, הַקַּדְמֹנִי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ :שׁ׳: 10:19, 11:1; שַׁלֶּכֶת שׁ׳: 1 Ch 26:16; שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶח 1 Ch 9:18. c. of Ezekiel’s temple and courts Ez 40:3, 40:6, 44:11, 44:17 + 67 t. Ez 40–47. d. of court of tabern. (P), הֶחָחֵר שׁ׳: Ex 27:16, 35:17 + 6t. Ex + Nu 4:36.
4. fig. הַשָּׁמַיִם זֶה שׁ׳: Gn 28:17 (E; ‖בֵּית אֱלֽהִים ); pl. שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֹל Is 38:10; ־מָוֶתשׁ׳: Jb 38:17, Ps 9:14, 107:18; חַלְמָוֶת שׁ׳: Jb 38:17.
שֹׁעֵר:37 n.m. porter (denom. from 1. שַׁעַר);—abs. שׁוֹ׳: 2 Ch 31:14, cstr. שֹׁ׳: 2 K 7:10, 1 Ch 9:21, + f. שׁוֹעֶ֫רֶת 2 S 4:6 (for MT [וֹךְ] בֹּאוּ עַד תּ) We Dr HPS Bu Now after LXX (Th פְּקִידַת דֶּלֶת); pl. שֹׁעֲרִים 2 K 7:11 +; cstr. שֹׁעֲרֵי 2 Ch 23:4;—porter of city gate 2 K 7:10, 7:11 (2 S 18:26 rd. הַשַּׁעַר LXX SyrVer Vulgate Th We Dr and most); portress of house 2 S 4:6 (v. supr.); elsewhere (34 t. Ch Ezr Ne) of gate-keepers in sanctuary 1 Ch 9:17, 9:18, 9:24 +; 4,000 in no., 23:5; שׁ׳: פֶּתַח לְאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד 9:21; שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסִּפִּים v:22; לָאָרוֹן שׁ׳: 15:23, 15:24; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסִּפִּים 2 Ch 23:4; בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים Ezr 2:42.
† שְׁעַרְיָה n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:38 = 9:44, Σαρ(α)ια, Σααρια.
† שַׁעֲרַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. 1 in the Shephelah of Judah (Buhl:Geogr. 194) Jos 15:36, Σακαρειμ, LXXL Σεβαρειμ; דֶּרֶח שׁ׳: 1 S 17:52 (LXX τῶν πυλῶν). 2. in the Negeb (Simeon), וּבְשַׁעֲרָָיִוֹ 1 Ch 4:31, Σεωρειμ, LXXL Σααριμ; = שָׁרוּחֶָן (q.v.) Jos 19:6, and perhaps שִׁלְחִיוֹ (in Negeb of Judah) 15:32; Buhl:Geogr. m. 185.
† II. שָׁעַר vb. calculate, reakon (NH Pi. J Aram. Pa. put a valuation, estimate; J Aram. שַׁעֲרָא interest, market-price; Ar. سِعْرُ market-price is loan-word Frä:189);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. בְּנַפְשׁוֹ כֶּן־הוּא כְּמוֹ־שׁ׳: Pr 23:7 as he has calculated in his soul, so is he, but dub.: De שֹׁעֵר as one who calculates; more radical conj. in Bi Toy.
† II. [שַׁ֫עַר] n.[m.] measure (prop. reckoning);—pl. מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים Gn 26:12 (J) 100 measures, i.e. 100 for one = 100-fold.
III. שׁער (√of following).
† [שֹׁעָר] adj. horrid, disgusting (Ba: NB 167);—pl. כַּתְּאֵנִיוֹ הַשֹּׁעָרִיוֹ Je 29:17 (uneatable).
†שַׁעֲרוּרָה n.f. horror = horrible thing;—שַׁמָּה וְשׁ׳: Je 5:30 an astounding and horrible thing has occurred; רָאִיתִי שׁ׳ :בִּנְבִיאֵי ירושׁ׳: 23:14.
†שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה, שַׁעֲרֻרִית n.f. id.;—abs. רָאִיתִי שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה Ho 6:10 Qr ( >Kt שׁערירית); שַׁעֲרֻרִת עָֽשְׂתָה בְּתוּלַת יִשׂ׳: Je 18:13.
† שַׁעַשְׁגַּז n.m. pers. Est 2:14, Γαι.
† I. [שָׁפָה] vb. sweep bare (Ar. سَفَا (ي), of wind, raise and carry off dust, أَسْفَي of horse, scanty in hair of forelock; NH Pi. plane off; Aram. ܫܦܳܐ Pt. pass. level (Is 40:4 = מִישׁוֹר), smooth, limpid, ܫܰܦܺܝ make level, smooth (and deriv.));—Niph. be wind-swept, bare; Pt. הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה Is 13:2 a bare mt.; Pu. Pf. consec. וְשֻׁפוּ עַחְמֹתָיו Jb 33:21 Qr his bones are laid bare (so lean is he; Kt וּשְׁפִי bareness are his bones).
† שְׁפוֹת (Kö:ii. 1. 186) n.f. dub., perhaps cream (as skimmed of ? cf. Wetzst:ZAW iii (1883), 276 f., who connects with Ar. شِفَايَةُ cream, and this with √شفا take off the top (but שׁ = ش ?); EV cheese (after SyrVer Targum, cf. ARSK:KB 3091)) ;—cstr. שְׁפוֹת בָּקָר 2 S 17:29 cream of the herd ( + דְּבַשׁ וְחֶמְאָה וְחאֹן), cf. Now Bu; LXX. of Lucian HPS calves.
† שְׁפוֹ n.pr.m. in Edom, Gn 36:23, Σωφ, LXXL Σωφαν; II. שְׁפִי 1 Ch 1:40, בוסּ, LXXL Σαμφει
† I. שְׁפִי n.m. bareness, smooth or bare (treeless) height ; —
1. bareness, Jb 33:21 Kt (v. √)
2. bare place, height: שֶָׁפִי Nu 23:3 (E), i.e. an outlook-point ; pl. שְׁפָיִים Is 41:18, 49:9, Je 3:21, שְׁפָיִם 3:2, 4:11 (‖מִדְבָּר ), 7:29, 12:12 (בַּמִּדְבָּד), 14:6. p. 1045
אַשְׁפּה quiver, vid. s.v. p. 80
† יִשְׁפָּה n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:16, Σαφαν, LXXL Ιεσφα.—יָֽשְׁפֶה v. p. 448 b supr.
II. שׁפה (cf. Ar. أُشْفِيَّةُ stone (one of three) supporting kettle, Aram.ܬܦܰܝܳܐ tripod, also תַּפְיָא fire-jar; hence perhaps as denom. Heb. [שָׁפַת] q. v., Fra:53; cf. شفي II., Aram. ܬܦܐ, תְּפִי set on a kettle or pot; v. also GFM: Ju 5:16 RS:Sem. i. 357, 2nd ed. 377).
† [שָׁפַת] vb.denom. set (on the fire) (NH; v.√; Sab. שפת=bestow Sab Denkm:No. 8, 1. 15);—Qal: 1. Imv. ms. שְׁפֹת הַסִּיר 2 K 4:38 set on the pot, so Ez 24:3, cf. v:3 (del. Co, not Krae; Toy allows); later more gen. (subj. י׳:): Impf. 2 ms. sf. תִּשְׁפְּתֵנִי Ps 22:16 in the dust of death thou settest me. 2. ordain, establish, 2 ms. תִּשְׁפֹּת שָׁלוֹם לָָנוּ Is 26:12.
† אַשְׁפֹּת n.[m.] ash-heap(?), refuse-heap, dung-hill (prob. orig. fire-place stones, cf. Ar. sub √) ;—א׳: abs. as beggars’ resting-place 1 S 2:8 = Ps 113:7 (both ‖עָפָר ; cf. Jb 2:8 Wetzst: ap. De); so pl, אַשׁפַתּוֹת La 4:5; שַׁעַר הָאַשְׁפֹּת Ne 2:13, 3:14, 12:31 = הָֽשְׁפוֹת שׁ׳: 3:13 (Ges:§ 35 d).
† I. שְׁפַתָָּיִם n.[m.] du.: prob. = מִשְׁפְּתַיִם, infr., q.v.;—בֵּין שׁ׳: Ps 68:14 (based on Ju 5:16 ?).
II. שְׁפַתַּ֫ים v. p.1052 infr.
מִשְׁפְּתַ֫יִם n.[m.] du. prob. fire-places or ash-heaps (viz. of the villages or encampments of the tribe) (> Ki Thes and most sheepfolds, v. Stu: Ju);—בֵּין הַמִּשְׁפְּתַ֫יִם Ju 5:16 (poem; cf.GFM); so (תָָּיִם-) Gn 49:14 (poem in J).
שׁפח (√ of foll.; cf. Sab. ספח pour, also n. מספחת efusion (?) DHM:VOJ ii (1888). 189 Hom:Chr 124; Ar. سَفَحَ pour out water, shed blood ; note (with ref. to etym. of foll. words) phr. سَافَحَهَا commit fornication with her (Lane), i.e. effudit cum ea (sc. semen) Fl in De:Jes 3, 78 Anm.; on Ph. שפח servant (?) cf. Hoffm:Ph. Inscr.18 Lzb: 381).
† שִׁפְחָה n.f. maid, maid-servant (syn. אָמָה, q. v.; orig.= concubine ? cf. √);—abs. שׁ׳: Gn 16:1 +; cstr. שִׁפְחַת v:2 +; sf. שִׁפְחָתִי v:2 +, etc.; pl. abs. שְׁפָחוֹת 12:16 +; sf. שִׁפְחֹתֶָךָ Ru 2:13, etc.;—
1. lit., maid, maid-servant, as belonging to a mistress Gn 16:1, 16:3, 16:6, 16:8 (PJ) 29:24, 29:29 (P) Ps 123:2, Pr 30:23, Is 24:2; even where concubine of master (cf. אָמָה) Gn 16:2, 16:5 (PJ) 25:12, 35:25, 35:26 (P) 30:4, 30:7, 30:9, 30:10, 30:12, 30:18 (all JE); less oft. ref. to master 29:24, 29:29 (J), Ru 2:13, of concubine Gn 32:23, cf. 33:1, 33:2, 33:6 (all J) ; marriageable Lv 19:20 (H, cf. Ex 11:5; not elsewhere in legisl.); in gen., esp. of menial service (never אָמָה) Ex 11:5 (J) 1 S 25:41 (opp. אָמָה) 2 S 17:17 (‖עֶבֶד ) Gn 12:16, 24:35(J) 20:14 (E) 30:43 (P) 32:6 (J; coll.) Dt 28:68, 1 S 8:16, 2 K 5:26, Is 14:2, Je 34:9, 34:10, 34:11, 34:11, 34:16, 34:16, Jo 3:2, Ec 2:7, 2 Ch 28:10, Est 7:4.
2. fig. in address, שִׁפְחָֽתְךָ, etc., of speaker, in token of humility (v. אָמָה) Ru 2:13 (‖אָמָה 3:9), 1 S 1:18 (‖ id. v:16), 25:27, (‖ v:24 f.), 28:21, 28:22, 2 S 14:6, 14:7, 14:12, 14:12, 14:15, 14:17, 14:19; (‖אָמָה v:15; v:16); 2 K 4:2, 4:16; not toward God; but v. אָמָה.
מִשְׁפָּחָה: 303 n.f. clan (RS: Sem. 1. 258, 2nd ed. 276; K 149, 2nd ed. 175 Ba:NB § 161 a);—abs. מ׳: Am 3:1 + ; cstr. מִשְׁפַּ֫חַת Ju 9:1 + ; sf. מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי Gn 24:38 + , etc.; pl. מִשְׁפָּחוֹת Na 3:4 + ; cstr. מִשְׁפְּחוֹת Am 3:2 +; sf. מִשְׁפְּחֹתֵיהֶם Gn 8:19 + 2 t., usu. תָם- Nu 1:18 + 84 t., etc.;—
1. clan: a. family connexion of individ. Gn 24:38 (+ בֵּית־אָבִי), v:40 ( + id.), v:41 (all J ; = מוֹלַדְתִּי v:4), 2 S 14:7, united in sacrifice 1 S 20:6, 20:29, in passover Ex 12:21 (JE; cf. Benz:Ency.Bib. PASSOVER, §§ 9, 12); cf. Lv 20:5 (H), 25:10, 25:41 (P), v:49 (P; defined as מִשְּׁאֵר בְּשָׂרוֹ), non-Heb. v:47 (H), v:45(P), Ju 1:25; מִשְׁפְּחוֹתֶיהָ Jos 6:23 (E or R) is unintelligible, probably del. (cf. Steuern Holz; בֵּית אָבִיהָ in v:25 [J]), cf. Nu 27:4, 27:11(P) ; בֵּית אֲבִי אִמּוֹ מ׳: Ju 9:1 clan of his mother’s father-house; incl. individuals, and included by שֵׁבֶט 1 S 9:21, 9:21, 10:21; with specif. name, in series גֶבֶר, בַּיִת, מ׳:, שֵׁבֶט Jos 7:14, 7:14, 7:17 b, c (all J; v:17 a read pl. Di Benn, or שֵׁבֶט GFM:Ju 13:2; Steuern allows either); cf. Dt 29:17, Ju 21:24, אָבִי בְּיִשׂ׳ :מ׳: 1 S 1:18 (+ חַיַּי, v. II [חַי]; בֵּית־שָׁאוּל מִמּ׳ אִישׁ:: 2 S 16:5; with name also Ru 2:1, 2:3 and (non-Isr.) Jb 32:2. b. in loose, popular sense= tribe, Ju 13:2, 17:7, 18:19, cf. v:2 (‖שֵׁבֶט v:1), v:11 (yet in these two rd. poss. pl., v. GFM). c. techn. divisions of people of Isr. Nu 11:10 (J) Je 2:4, 31:1; cf. 3:14; Nu 1:2, 1:18, 2:34, 33:54 (all P), so (post-ex.) Ne 4:7: Est 9:28 (מְדִינָה, מ׳:, דּוֹר). d. usu. (P) techn. divisions of tribes of Israel, Ex 6:14, 6:15, 6:19, 6:25, Nu 3:15 + 112 t. Nu (93 t. Nu 26, incl. v:43 where הַשּׁוּחָמִי appar. = Dan), 34 t. Jos 13–21; also 1 Ch 6:4, 6:45, 7:5, Zc 12:13; division of Gershom, etc. (in Levi) Nu 3:18, 3:19, 3:20 + 41 t. Ex Nu Jos Ch; subdivisions of these divisions (in Levi) Nu 3:21, 3:21 + 6 t. Nu 3 + 4:18; cf. (in other tribes) 1 Ch 2:53, 4:2, 4:8, 4:21, 4:27, 4:38, 5:7; also Zc 12:12 b, 12:12 c, 12:13 b, 12:14 a, and (distrib.) v:12 a, v:14 b, pleonast. מַטֵּה אֲבִיהֶם מ׳: Nu 36:6 cf. v:8, and (א׳ :מַטֵּה מ׳:) v:12. e. late, div. of other peoples 1 Ch 16:28 = Ps 96:7, Ps 22:28; in Edom Gn 36:40 (P). f. in wider sense=people, nation; כֹּל מִשְׁפְּחֹת תָאֲדָמָה Am 3:2, Gn 12:3, 28:14 (both J), cf. Je 10:25, Ez 20:32, Na 3:4 (all גּוֹיִם), Zc 14:17, Je 1:15, 25:9; as one’s posterity Gn 10:30, 10:31, 10:32 (all P), so prob. v:5 (P; Di Dr); = all Isr. Am 3:1, Judah Mi 2:3, Je 8:3 (הָרָעָה הַזּאֹת הַמּ׳:), Isr. + Judah, שְׁתֵּי הַמּ׳: 33:24; מִשְׁפַּחַת מִחְרַיִם Zc 14:18; cf. Ps 107:41. †
2. = guild 1 Ch 2:55 (of scribes; orig. hereditary in families). †
3. = species, kind: a. of judgments Je 15:3. b. animals Gn 8:19 (P). †
4. pl. = aristocrats Jb 31:34 (cf.Eng. ‘the classes”).
שֻׁפִּים n.pr.m. v. √ שׁפף. p. 1051
שָׁפַט:185 vb. judge, govern (NH in deriv.; Ph. שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in n.pr.; Pun. sufet Lzb:381; BAram. שָֽׁפְטִין; As. šapâtu (t = ת), syn. dânu (דִּין), judge D1:WB 684, šipṭu (ט), prob. judgment [and šapiṭu, caption?] Jen:ZA iv (1889), 278 f.; on poss. connexion with Ar. سفط v. Nö:ZMG xi (1886), 724; on usage of vb. See Ferguson:JBL viii (1888), 130 ff.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Ju 16:31 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹּט Gn 16:5, יִשְׁפּוֹט Is 11:3; 3 mpl. יִשְׁפְּטוּ Gn 31:53 +, יִשְׁפּ֫וּטוּ Ex 18:26 (Ki יִשְׁפּוּט֫וּ; cf. Ges:§ 47 g), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁפוֹט Gn 19:9; cstr. שְׁפֹט Ru 1:1, לַשְׁפֹּט Ex 8:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁפָט־ Pr 31:9, שָׁפְטָה Ps 82:8, La 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Is 1:17 +, שְׁפָֹטוּ Zc 7:9, etc.; Pt. שֹׁפֵט 1 S 3:13 +, etc.; —
1. act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late): a. of God only, שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Gn 18:25 (J), ‖מֶלֶח ,מְחֹקֵק Is 33:22. b. of man, Gn 19:9, 19:9 (J), Moses deciding cases Ex 18:13 (E), making known statutes v:16 (E); so his assistants v:22, v:22, v:26, v:26 (E), ‖ Dt 1:16; of שׁפטי ישׂראל Nu 25:5 (executioners); י׳: set שֹׁפְטִים over Isr. Ju 2:16, 2:18, 2 S 7:11 = 1 Ch 17:10, to deliver Isr., שׁפט ישׂדאל Ju 3:10, 4:4, 10:2, 10:3 + 9 t. Ju, 1 S 4:18, 7:15, 7:16, 7:17, 2 K 23:22, cf. 1 S 7:6; Pt. שֹׁפֵט as subst. also Ju 2:17, 2:18, 2:19, 1 S 8:1, 8:2, 2 K 23:22; שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ׳: 1 Ch 17:6 (‖ 2 S 7:7 שִׂבְטֵי), בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Ru 1:1, 1:1 (cf. מוֹשִׁיעִים Ob:21); שׁפט, ‖מֶלֶח 1 S 8:5, 8:6, 8:20, Ho 7:7, 13:10; שֹׁפֵט ישׂראל Mi 4:14 (= king); king judges people 1 K 3:9, 3:9 = 2 Ch 1:10, 1 K 15:5 = 2 Ch 26:21, 2 Ch 1:11; abs. 1 K 7:7, Is 16:5; ‖שׂרים Ex 2:14 (E) Am 2:3, Zp 3:3; ‖יוֹעַץ Is 1:26, Jb 12:17, cf. Is 3:2; שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Is 40:23 (‖רוֹזְנִים ), Pr 8:16 (‖שׂרים ), Ps 2:10, 148:11 (‖מלכים ); שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Dn 9:12, 9:12.
2. specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. Persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions: a. of God Ps 82:1: וּבֵין בֵּין :שׁ׳: Gn 16:5 (J; domestic), Ju 11:27, 11:27, 1 S 24:13, 24:16 (all of war), Ez 34:20 (relig.); c. לְ בֵּין: Ez 34:17, 34:22 (relig.); c. בֵּנֵינוּ Gn 31:53 (E; domestic), Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3 (of war); c. בְּ 2 Ch 20:12 (war); c. acc. 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23, Ec 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous Jb 21:22 (‖ידע ), 23:7; abs. Ex 5:21 (J) Jb 22:13; חֶדֶק שׁ׳: Je 11:20, Ps 9:5; י׳: is שׁוֹפֵט חַדִּיק 7:12. b. of man, וּבֵין בֵּין :שׁ׳: Ex 18:16 (E) Nu 35:24 (P) Dt 1:16 (all civil), Is 5:3 (relig.); c. acc. Lv 19:15 (H) Dt 25:1 (all civil), Ez 20:4, 20:4, 22:2, 22:2, 23:36; מִשְׁפָּט שׁ׳: Dt 16:18, 1 K 3:28 (Sol.); במשׁפטים Ez 44:24, c. ל 2 Ch 19:6; abs. Ez 44:24, Is 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes Mi 3:11, 7:3, Jb 9:24; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט 2 S 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); acc. to 2 Ch 19:5, 19:6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, appar. for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Dt recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Dt 17:9, 17:12, 25:2; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים 16:18, 1 Ch 23:4, 26:29, Jos 8:33 (+ זְקֵנִים), 23:2, 24:1 (D; both + זקנים, רָאשִׁים), + זקנים only Dt 21:2, Ezr 10:14, + כֹּהֲנִים Dt 19:17, 19:18, שׂרים 2 Ch 1:2.
3. execute judgment: a. discriminating, of man only, משׁפט אמת Zc 7:9, מֵישָׁרִים שׁ׳: Ps 58:2 judge uprightly; משׁפט שׁלום Zc 8:16, חֶדֶק Pr 31:9, עָוֶל Ps 82:2. b. vindicating, c. acc.: (I) subj. God, יתום Ps 10:18, acc. pers. 26:1, 43:1, 58:11 (rd. שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), משׁפט שׁ׳: La 3:59; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of 1 S 24:16, 2 S 18:19, 18:31; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּ חִדְקִי י׳: Ps 7:9; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּ חִדְקְךָ 35:24. (2) subj. man, c. acc. יתום Is 1:17, 1:23; (ים)דל 11:4, Pr 29:14, Ps 82:3; עניי עם 72:4; משׁפט אביונים Je 5:28. c. condemning and punishing, (I) God כְּדַרְכֵי פ׳: acc. to ways of Ez 7:3, 7:8, 18:30, 24:14, 33:20, 36:19; במשׁפטים 7:27, 23:24; משׁפטי נאפות 16:38 (= 23:45 of human judges); c. acc. 1 S 3:13, Ps 51:5, Ez 11:10, 11:11, 21:35, 35:11. (2) of man, only שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ Ps 109:31 and Ez 23:45 supr., prob. also Ps 141:6 (corrupt). d. at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט Ps 50:6, 75:8; שׁפט הארץ 94:2, c. acc. בא לשׁפט הארץ 96:13 = 1 Ch 16:33, Ps 98:9; הארץ שׁ׳: 82:8; בל הנוים Jo 4:12; עמים Ps 67:5; תבל 9:9, 96:13 = 98:9; מישׁרים שׁ׳: 75:3. Niph. Pf. 1 S. נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי Ez 20:36 + 4 t.; Impf. 1 S. אִשָּׁפֵט Ez 20:36; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה 1 S 12:7, etc.; Inf. cstr. חִשָּׁפֵט 2 Ch 22:8; sf. הִשָּֽׁפְטוֹ Ps 37:33, 109:7; Pt. נִשְׁפָּט Is 59:4 + 4 t.;—1. recipr., (Ges:§ 51 d), enter into controversy, plead: c. אֵת with, of God Je 2:35, Ez 17:20, 20:35, 20:36, 20:36, 38:22; of man 1 S 12:7 (+ וְאַגִּידָה לָכֶם LXX We Dr Bu:Hpt Now), Pr 29:9; c. עִם, of God Jo 4:2, of man 2 Ch 22:8; c. ל, of God Je 25:31; יחד נשׁ׳: Is 43:26 have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) 66:16; באמונה 59:4. 2. pass. be judged, Ps 9:20, 37:33, 109:7. Pô‘el Pt. sf. מְשֹׁפְטִי (dub.; Hi Bu מִשְׁפָּטִי), = my apponent-at-law (Ges:§ 55 b) Jb 9:15; + Zf 3:15, Ps 109:31 We al.
† [שֶׁ֫פֶט] n.m.:Ex. 6:6 judgement;—pl. שְׁפָטִים Ex 6:6 +, sf. שְׁפָטַי Ez 14:21;—acts of judgment (cf. משׁפטים), בשׁפטים גדלים by great acts of judgment Ex 6:6, 7:4 (P); c. בְּ, עשׂה שׁפטים 12:12, Nu 33:4 (P), Ez 5:10, 5:15, 11:9, 16:41, 25:11, 28:22, 28:26, 30:14, 30:19 (all of God); men Ez 16:41; c. את, 2 Ch 24:24 (Syrians against Joash); שׁפטים of God (four: sword, famine, wild beasts, pestilence) Ez 14:21; ללחים נכונו שׁ׳: Pr 19:29 judgments are prepared for scorners (LXX שְׁבָטִים rods, so Perles:Anal. 69 [or שׁוֹטִים], Toy).
† שְׁפוֹט n.m. si vera 1. judgment, act of judgment;—abs. שׁ׳: 2 Ch 20:9 (so LXX Vulgate, but dub.); pl. שְׁפוּטִים Ez 23:10 (Toy שְׁפָטִיס, Co del.).
† שָׁפָט n.pr.m. (he hath judged);—usually ΣαφαΤ[θ]:
1. father of Elilsha 1 K 19:16, 19:19, 2 K 3:11, 6:31.
2. prince of Simeon Nu 13:5.
3. grandson of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:22.
4. Gaddite chief 5:12 (Σαβατ, Σαφαμ [ν]).
5. herdsman of David 27:29 (Σωφαν, A Σωφατ, LXXL Σαφατ).
מִשְׁפָּט:422 n.m.:Gn 40:13 judgment;—abs. מִשְׁפָּט Ex 21:31 + 203 t., + לְשְִׁ֯פָּט Ez 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁפֹּט with LXX Targum SyrVer Co al.); cstr. מִשְׁפַּט Ex 23:6 + 50 t.; sf. מִשְׁפָּטִי Is 40:27 +; מִשְׁפָּטָם Je 49:12 +; מִשְׁפָּטָן Nu 27:5; pl. מִשְׁפָּטִים Je 4:12 + 34 t.; sf. מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ Dt 33:10 +, etc.;—
1. judgment: a. act of deciding a case: מ׳: be-longeth to God Dt 1:17, is from him Pr 16:33, 29:26; אֱלֽהֵי הַמּ׳: Mal 2:17; חשֶׁן מ׳: Ex 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so v:29, v:30 (P); worn on heart of Aaron v:30 (P); חֶדֶק מ׳: Dt 16:18; הֵבִין מ׳: Jb 32:9; שׁפט מ׳: 1 K 3:28; עשׂה מ׳: 1 K 3:28; מ׳:(ה)דְּבַר Dt 17:9, 2 Ch 19:6; רוח מ׳: Is 28:6; במשׁפט Lv 19:15; 19:35 (H) Dt 1:17, Pr 16:10, 24:23; חאורים במ׳: Nu 27:21 (P); למשׁפט 35:12, Jos 20:6 (P) Dt 17:8, Ju 4:5, 2 S 15:2, 15:6, 2 Ch 19:8, Is 34:5, 41:1, 54:17, 59:11, Hb 1:12, Mal 3:5, Ps 9:8, 35:23, 76:10, 122:5, Jb 9:19 (Ez 44:24 v.supr.). † b. place, court seat of judgment Dt 25:1, 1 K 7:7, Is 28:6, Ec 3:16. † c. process, procedure, litigation before judges: הֵבִיא במ׳: Jb 14:3, Ec 11:9, 12:14; בא במ׳:, c. עם Is 3:14, Jb 22:4, c. את Ps 143:2, c. יחדו Jb 9:32, חלד במ׳: Jb 34:23, cf. Ez 34:16, Ps 112:5; pl. דבּר משׁפטים, c. את litigate with Je 1:16, 4:12, 12:1, 39:5 = 52:9, sg. מִשְׁפָּט in ‖ 2 K 25:6, by error. † d. case or cause presented for judgment: בעל מ׳: Is 50:8; ערךְ מ׳: Jb 13:18, 23:4; שׁמע מ׳: 1 K 3:11; שׁפט מ׳: La 3:59, cf. Nu 27:5 (P) 2 S 15:4. † e. sentence, decision of judgment: כן משׁפטךָ 1 K 20:40 thus is thy sentence; עת ומ׳: Ec 8:5, 8:6 time and sentence; על מ׳: Dt 17:11 according to the sentence; מָוֶת מ׳: 19:6, 21:22, Je 26:11, 26:16; דמים מ׳: Ez 7:23, cf. Hb 1:4, 1:4, Ps 7:7, 17:2, Ez 23:45; pl. only Ez not found16:68 משׁפטֵי נאפות; Ho 6:5 rd. sg. מִשְׁפָּטִי בָאוֹד for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֹר after LXX SyrVer Targum Ew Hi Che and most mod. † f. execution of judgment, in gen., עשׂה מ׳:, c. בֵּין Je 7:5, Ez 18:8, cf. Dt 32:41, Zp 3:8; c. בְּ against Ps 119:84, 149:9; ב om. 9:17, Ez 39:21, בא אל מ׳: Je 48:21, ברוח מ׳: Is 4:4, מואב מ׳: Je 48:47, cf. Is 53:8, Je 51:9, Ho 5:1, 5:11, 10:4, Jb 36:17; pl. Is 26:8, 26:9, Ez 5:8, Zp 3:15, Ps 10:5; in favour of, עשׂה משׁפטִי Mi 7:9, Ps 9:5; לעשׁוקים מ׳: 146:7; והחיל דין מ׳: Je 21:12, cf. Zc 7:9, 8:16; pl. Ps 48:12 = 97:8, 103:6, 105:5, 105:7 = 1 Ch 16:12, 16:14. † g. time of judgment, לִא יקומו במ׳: Ps 1:5 (late; prob. judgment of the resurrection).
2. attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude: a. of God, אלהי מ׳: Is 30:18; הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּל־הָאָרֶץ לאֹ יַעֲשֶׂה מ׳: Gn 18:25 (J), cf. Jb 40:8, Dt 32:4, Ps 111:7; he loves it 33:5, 37:28, 99:4; חדק ומ׳: Ho 2:21, Ps 89:15 = 97:2; will not pervert it Jb 8:3, 34:12, cf. 37:23; כמשׁפטךָ Ps 119:149 (‖חסדךָ); מִשְׁפָּֽטְךָ תְּהוֹם רָבָּה 36:7 (read sg.). b. of man: אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מ׳: Ps 106:8 (‖חדקה ); the tongue of the wise speaketh מ׳: 37:30; so of thoughts מ׳: Pr 12:5; put on מ׳: as robe Jb 29:14, chosen 34:4; עשׂה מ׳:: God requires that man should do it Mi 6:8, Is 1:17, 56:1, cf. 61:8; it is the joy of the righteous Pr 21:15; rulers should know it Mi 3:1, cf. Pr 29:4; wicked ruler שׂוֹנֵא מ׳: Jb 34:17; abhors it Mi 3:9, cf. Pr 19:28, 21:7, 28:5.
3. ordinance promulgated by שֹׁפֵט: 1 S 8:9, 8:11, 10:25 (law of king); Levit. ordinances Lv 5:10, 9:16 + 13 t. P, 1 Ch 15:13, 24:19, 2 Ch 4:7, 4:20, 8:14, 35:13, Ne 8:18; חק ומ׳: Ex 15:25, Jos 24:25 (E) 1 S 30:25, cf. Ps 81:5; חקת מ׳: Nu 27:11, 35:29 (P); divine law in gen. יהוה מ׳: Je 8:7; מ׳: אלהים Is 58:2, Je 5:4, 5:5 (‖דֶּרֶךְ ), cf. Ps 25:9; ‖תורה Is 42:4, 51:4, Ezr 7:10; cf. Zp 2:3, Ps 119:43, 119:160; pl. of particular ordinances Dt 33:10, 33:21 (poem), Is 58:2, Ez 44:24, Ps 19:10, 119:7 + 16 t., 147:20.
4. decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law (v. Br:Hex 252 sq.): sg. of particular decision of a case Ex 21:31 (E); pl. of series of decisions 21:1, 24:3 (JE) Dt 7:12 (D:2); in covt. code and D, collection of pentads in conditional or temp. cf., c. כּי or אם in D, and subj. in combination, חקים ומשׁפטים 4:1, 4:5, 4:8, 4:14, 4:45 +; in code of H and after, in combin. חקות ומשׁפטים, Lv 18:4, 18:5, 18:26, 19:37 +; (the specific type of these laws in H is אִישׁ כִּי, over against נפשׁ כי or אדם כי in code of P, v. Br:Hex 254 f.); other combin., redactional and later, Lv 26:46, Nu 36:13, Dt 30:16, 2 K 17:37, 2 Ch 33:8, Ne 9:13, Ps 18:23, 89:31, 147:19.
5. one’s (legal) right, privilege, due: הַכּהֲנִים מ׳: Dt 18:3 due of the priests, הַבְּכֹרָה מ׳: 21:17; מ׳: הַגְּאֻלָּה Je 32:7 right of redemption; הַיְרֻשָּׁה מ׳: v:8; הִטָּה מ׳: Ex 23:6 (E) wrest right, so Dt 16:19, 23:6, 24:17, 27:19, 1 S 8:3, La 3:35, cf. Pr 18:5; יְתוֹם מ׳: Dt 10:18; אביון מ׳: Ex 23:6 (E) Je 5:28, Ps 140:13; ענייםמ׳: Is 10:2, Jb 36:6; הסיר מ׳: 27:2, 34:5, cf. Is 40:27, 49:4.
6. a. proper, fitting, measure 1 K 5:8; fitness Is 28:26, 40:14 (of fitness in the order of nature; cf. Di). b. custom, manner: הכהנים מ׳: 1 S 2:13 custom of the priests (rightful due, acc. to Th We Dr and most); מִשְׁפָּטוֹ 27:11 his (David’s) custom; מ׳: הגוים 2 K 17:33 manner of the nations, cf. 2 K 17:26, 17:27 (Rs:sem. 1, 24, 2nd ed. 23); כמ׳: after the manner, custom, fashion (of) Gn 40:13, Ex 21:9 (E) Ju 18:7, 1 K 18:28, 2 K 11:14, 17:34, 1 Ch 6:17, Ez 42:11, Ps 119:132. †c. מה משׁפט Ju 13:12 what manner of a boy, cf. 2 K 1:7. †d. plan . . . of the tabernacle Ex 26:30 (P); temple 1 K 6:38; palace Je 30:18.
† (וּ)שְׁפַטְיָה n.pr.m. (י׳: judged, vindicated);—usu, ΣαφαΤια(ς):
1. יָה-: a. fifth son of David 2 S 3:4 = 1 Ch 3:3 (ΣαβαΤεια, A Σαφαθια, LXXL Σαφατιας). b. contemp. of Jerem. Je 38:1 (B Σαφανιας). c. man of Judah Ne 11:4. d. chiefs of families of restoration: (1) Ezr 2:4 = Ne 7:9, Ezr 8:8; (2) 2:57 = Ne 7:59. e. Benjamite 1 Ch 9:8.
2. יָהוּ-: a. son of Jehosh. 2 Ch 21:2. b. hero of David 1 Ch 12:5. c. Simeonite 27:16.
† שִׁפְטָן n.pr.m. (judgment);—prince of Ephraim Nu 34:24; Σαβαθα(ν), LXXL Σαφαταν.
I. שְׁפִי v. I. שׁפה. II. שְׁפִי v. שְׁפוֹ sub I. שׁפה.
שֻׁפִּים v. שׁפף. p. 1051
שָׁפַךְ:113 vb. pour out, pour (NH id.; As. Šapâku, pour out, esp. (Dl:WB Jen:Kosmol. 41) earth, to form mound; Ar. سَفَكَ pour out, cf. سَبَكَ melt and pour into mould; Eth. sabaka: Aram. שְׁפַח, ܣܦܰܟ (rare) = BH);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: 1 K 2:31 +; 3 fs. sf. שְׁפָכַ֫תְהוּ Ez 24:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹח 2 K 19:32 +; 2 ms. sf. 3 ms. תִּשְׁפְּכֶנּוּ Dt 12:16 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁפוֹח Ju 6:20 +, שְׁפָח־ Ps 69:25; fs. שִׁפְכִי La 2:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפָח־ 1 K 18:28 +, לִשְׁפֹח Is 59:7 +, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁפֵח Gn 9:6 +, f. שֹׁפֶ֫כֶת Ez 22:3, etc.; pass. שָׁפוּח Ps 79:10, שְׁפוּכָה Ez 20:33, 20:34;—
1. lit.: a. pour out, pour water Ex 4:9 (J; acc. loc.). 1 S 7:6 (+ לִפְנֵי י׳:, unique, symb. of contrition), עַל־פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ (subj. י׳:) Am 5:8, 9:6; blood like water (to flow away and be absorbed), עַל־הָאָרֶץ Dt 12:16, 12:24, 15:23, cf. Lv 17:13 (H) Ez 24:7; also + אֶל loc. Ex 29:12, Lv 4:7, 4:18, 4:25, 4:30, 4:34; + עַל pers. reflex. 1 K 18:28; pour out broth Ju 6:20, libation (נֶסֶךְ, to (ל) false gods) Is 57:6; dust Lv 14:41 (P; אֶל loc.); c. acc. סִלְלָה mound (in siege), = made by pouring (earth, orig. from baskets, see esp. As. šapâku Dl:WB 679 b Jen:Kosmol. 41), + עַל־ of city 2 K 19:32 = Is 37:33, Je 6:6, Ez 4:2, 26:8, אֶל־ 2 S 20:15; abs. Ez 17:17, 21:27, Dn 11:15; מֵעָיו אַרְחָה וַיִּשׁ׳: 2 S 20:10 (by a sword-thrust in the belly), cf. לָאָרֶץ מְרֵרָתִי יִשׁ׳: Jb 16:13 (metaph., י׳: subj.). b. techn., acc. דָּם shed blood Gn 37:22 (E) 9:6 (P) 1 S 25:31, Ez 22:4 + 9 t. Ez, + 15 t. (pass. Ps 79:10) + Ez 36:18 (c. עַל־הָאַרֶץ), 1 Ch 22:8 (c. אַ֫רְחָה); acc. a. דָּמִים †1 K 2:31, 1 Ch 28:3, Ps 79:3 (כַּמַּיִם).
2. fig.: a. י׳: subj., pour out anger, etc.: עֲלֵיהֶם אֶשׁ׳: כַּמַּיִם עֶבְרָתִי Ho 5:10; חֲמָתִי עַל שׁ׳: Ez 14:19 + 8 t. Ez, Je 10:25, Is 42:25, Ps 79:6 (אֶל et עַל); acc. ח׳: om. Je 6:11; c. ב loc. La 2:4; שְׁפוּכָה ח׳: Ez 20:33, 20:34; acc. חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ La 4:11; acc. זַעַם (עַל pers.) Ez 21:31 + 3 t.; acc. בּוּז contempt, עַל pers., Jb 12:21 = Ps 107:40; pour their own wickedness עֲלֵיהֶם Je 14:16 (i.e. requite it); pour out רוּחִי עַל Ez 39:29, cf. Zc 12:10, Jo 3:1, 3:2. b. hum. subj. pour out one’s heart, etc., כַּמַּיִם לִבֵח La 2:19, לְפָנָיו לְבַבְכֶם Ps 62:9 (i.e. bef. י׳:), אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לִפְנֵי י׳: 1 S 1:15, עָלַי (reflex.; v. עַל 1 d) Ps 42:5; אֶת־שִׂיחוֹ לִפְנֵי י׳: Ps 102:1 (title), cf. 142:3; in bad sense, וַתִּשְׁפְּכִי אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַיִח עַל־ Ez 16:15, cf. 23:8. †Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁפַּח La 2:11, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁפֵח Gn 9:6 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁפֵח Ez 16:36;—be poured out: of ashes 1 K 13:3, 13:5, blood (עַל loc.) Dt 12:27; be shed, of blood Gn 9:6 (P) Dt 19:10; in fig. La 2:11 my liver is poured לָאָרֶץ (cf. Qal 1 a ad fin.); Ps 22:15 I am poured out like water (nerveless, helpless); subj. נְּחֻשְׁתֵח Ez 16:36 (v. II. [נְחשֶׁת]; cf. v:15 Qal 2 b). †Pu. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשֻׁפַּח Zp 1:17 be poured out כֶּעָפָר, of blood; שֻׁפַּח Nu 35:33 (P) be shed, of blood; 3 fs. שֻׁפְּכָה Ps 73:2 Kt my steps were caused to slip (Qr שֻׁפְּכוּ). †Hithp. Impf. 3 fs. עָלַי תִּשְׁתַּפֵח נַפְשׁי Jb 30:16 my soul pours itself out upon me (v. Qal 2 b); 3 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּפֶּכְנָה אַבְנֵי־קִדֶשׁ La 4:1 fig. of slaughter; Inf. cstr. בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵח נַפְשָׁם אֶל־חֵיק אִמֹּתָם 2:12, i.e. they expire.
† שֶׁ֫פֶךְ n.[m.] place of pouring;—cstr. הַדֶּשֶׁן שׁ׳: Lv 4:12, 4:12 (P).
† שָׁפְכָה n.f. male organ (as fluid-duct);—abs. כְּרוּת שׁ׳: Dt 23:2 (‖פְּחוּעַ־דַּכָּה ).
† שָׁפֵל vb. be or become low, be abased (NH, der. spec.; As. šapâlu, der. spec. and deriv.; Sab. ספל n. humility or lowland DHM:xxix (1875), 604; Ar. سَفِلَ, سَفُلَ, سَفَلَ be low (Lag:BN 48); Aram. שְׁפַל, ܫܦܰܠ (der. spec.));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Is 2:11; 2 fs. וְשָׁפַלְתְּ 29:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁפַּל 2:9, 5:15; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁפַּלְנָה 5:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפַל Ec 12:4, Pr 16:19, v. infr.;—
1. all Is: become (be brought, laid) low, of trees Is 10:33 (‖גְּדֻעִים ), mts. 40:4 (opp. נִשָּׂא), of כָּל־נִשָּׂא 2:12 (but read, for שׁ׳:, נִשְׂגָּב [Kohler], or גָּבֹהַּ [Lag], so Du Che:Hpt Di-Kit Marti); fig. be humiliated, of man 2:9, 5:15, his loftiness 2:17, haughty eyes v:11 (all ‖שָׁחַח ), 5:15; of city 32:19; as helping vb. (= adv.) מֵאֶרֶץ וְשׁ׳: תְּדַבֵָּרִי 29:4 thou shalt speak low out of the ground (Ges:§ 120 g; ‖מֵעָפָר תִּשַׁח אִמְרָתֵךְ ).
2. שְׁפַל־רוּחַ Pr 16:9 to be lowly of spirit, so Buhl SS Toy al.; Thes Rob Ges al. sub שָׁפָל.
3. of sound Ec 12:4. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁפִּיל Is 25:12, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁפִּיל Ps 75:8, sf. יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ Is 26:5 (but 2nd vb. prob. doublet), etc.; Imv. mpl. (sf.) (הוּ)הַשְׁפִּילֵ Jb 40:11, Je 13:18; Inf. cstr. sf. הַשְׁפִּילְךָ Pr 25:7 (Ez 21:31 read abs. הַשְׁפֵּיל, ‖הַגְבֵּהַּ , so Co Krae Ges:§ 113 bb R. 3); Pt. מַשְׁפִּיל 1 S 2:7, Ps 147:6; מַשְׁפִּילִי (Ges:§ 90 l) Ps 113:6;—1. usu. fig., י׳: subj., lay low, tree Ez 17:24 (opp. הִגְבַּהְתִּי); city Is 26:5 (‖הֵשַׁח ); fortress 25:12 (+ הֵשַׁח; Du thinks doublet of 26:5); humiliate pride v:11, 13:11, cf. Jb 40:11; obj. עֵינַיִם רָמוֹת Ps 18:28, so read also ‖ 2 S 22:28, אַף־מְרוֹמֵםמַשׁ׳:י׳: 1 S 2:7, רְשָׁעִים Ps 147:6; וְזֶה יָרִים זֶה יַשׁ׳: 75:8, cf. Ez 21:31. 2. hum. subj. set one in a lower place Pr 25:7; subj. hum. pride Pr 29:23; declar. Is 57:9 thou didst shew abasement עַד־שְׁאוֹל. 3. as helping vb.: + vb. coörd., שֵָׁבוּ הַשׁ׳: Je 13:18 make low, sit down = take a low seat (Ges:§ 120 g); + inf. לִרְאוֹת מַשׁ׳: Ps 113:6 he who maketh low to look upon heaven and earth (i.e. י׳:; ‖הַמַּגְבִּיתִי לָשָָׁבֶת v:5; Ges:§ 114 m).—הִשְׁפִּילוּ וַתּאֹמֶר גֵּוָהָ Jb 22:29 is dub.; ‖יוֹשִׁעַ favours אֱלוֹהַּ as subj., which Bu conj. For וַתּאֹ׳:, read then הִשְׁפִּיל, א׳: hath abased pride, so (in part) Du; > they cast (thee) down (RV); men are cast down (הִשׁ׳: intrans.; AV, cf. Lag:BN 121); (thy ways) are brought low (Ew De Di).
† שֵׁ֫פֶל n.[m.] low estate, condition;—abs. שׁ׳: Ec 10:6 (opp. מְרוֹמִים); sf. שִׁפְלֵנוּ Ps 136:33.
† שִׁפְלָה n.f. humiliation;—Is 32:19 (of city).
שָׁפָל adj. low;—abs. שׁ׳: 2 S 6:22 +, cstr. שְׁפַל Ps 29:23 +; fs. שְׁפָלָה Ez 17:14 +, cstr. שִׁפְלַת v:6; pl. שְׁפָלִים Jb 5:11;—
1. low, in height, of vine Ez 17:6, tree v:24 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ); מִן־הָעוֹר שׁ׳: Lv 13:20 lower (deeper) than the skin (around it), so v:21, v:26, cf. 14:37.
2. of a modest, unambitious kingdom Ez 17:14, 29:14, 29:15; low in station Jb 5:11 (opp. שָֽׂגְבוּ), Ez 21:31 (Ges:§ 90 f.; rd. הַשְּׁפָלָה֣).
3. humiliated, בְּעֵינָ֑י שׁ׳: 2 S 6:22; pl. Mal 2:9 (‖נִבְזִים ).
4. lowly, as subst. Ps 138:6 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ), רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Is 57:15 (‖נִדְכָּאִים ); שְׁפַל רוּחַ v:15, Pr 29:23 (opp. גַּאֲוַת אָדָם), + 16:19 Thes al. (but v. √ Qal 2).
† שְׁפֵלָה n.f. lowland;—alw. abs. שׁ׳: c. art., exc. sf. שְׁפֵלָתֹה Jos 11:16;—lowland:
1. usually term. techn. of strip W. of Judaean mts. (on exact limits v. GASm:Geogr. 201 ff.; Expos. Dec. 1896, 404 f. Buhl:Geogr. 104 Dr:Hast. DB iii. 892 f.): almost alw. disting. from הָהָר and הַנֶּגֶב, sts. from הָעֲרָבָה, in Dt 1:7, Jos 9:1 (R:D), also from חוֹף הַיָּם, cf. Jos 10:40, 12:8 (both R:D), Ju 1:9 (perh. R:D, cf. Bu GFM), Jos 15:33 (P), Je 17:26, 32:44, 33:13, Ob:19, Zc 7:7, 2 Ch 26:10 (disting. from הַמִּישׁוֹר, table-land E. of Jordan); region of sycomores 1 K 10:27 = 2 Ch 1:15, 9:27, 1 Ch 27:28.
2. of lowland (near coast.) N. of Carmel Jos 11:2; W. of mts. of Ephr. v:16 (both R:D).
† שִׁפְלוּת n.f. sinking;—cstr. יָדִים שׁ׳: Ec 10:18 sinking of hands, negligence (‖עֲחַלְתַּ֫יִם ).
† שָׁפָם n.pr.m. in Gad 1 Ch 5:12; LXX:B Σαβατ, A Σαφαμ, LXXL Σαφαν.
† שְׁפָם n.pr.loc. on E. border of Israel; שׁ׳: Nu 34:10, שְׁפָ֫מָה v:11; LXX Σαπφαμαρ; site unknown.
שֻׁפִּם v. שֻׁפִּים sub שׁפף. p. 1051
† שִׁפֲמוֹת (so Baer with codd. and edd.; Thes שִׁפְ׳:; van d. H. Gi שִׂפְ׳:);—n.pr.loc. in Negab 1 S 30:28; Σαφει; A Σαφαμως, LXXL Σεφειμωθ.
† שִׁפְמִי adj. gent, (of foreg. ?);—1 Ch 27:27.
שׁוּפָמִי adj. gent. v. שְׁפוּפָם sub שׁפף. p. 1051
שׁפן (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. شُفُنُ Fresnel:JAS 1838, 514 Thes:1467 [usu. called وَبْر or طُبْسُ]).
† שָׁפָן n.m.:Lv 11:5 rock-badger, hyrax syriacus, AV RV coney;—abs. שׁ׳: Dt 14:7 = Lv 11:5 (P; unclean animal); living in rocks, pl. שְׁפַנִּים Ps 104:18, Pr 30:26.—Vid. Rob:BR iii. 66, 387 Tr:NHB 75; FFP 1, and Pl. 1 Post:Hast. DB CONEY McLean-Shipley:Ency. Blb. ID.
† II. שָׁפָן n.pr.m. Saf(f)an:
1. secretary (הַסִּפֵר) under Josiah 2 K 22:3, 22:8, 22:8, 22:9, 22:10, 22:10, 22:12, 22:14, 2 Ch 34:8, 34:15, 34:15, 34:16, 34:18, 34:18, 34:20.
2. father of אֲחִיקָם, contemp. of 1. (improb. = 1.): 2 K 22:12, 25:22, Je 26:24, 39:14, 40:5, 40:9, 40:11, 41:2, 43:6, 2 Ch 34:20.
3. father of אֶלְעָשָׂה Je 29:3, perh. = 2.
4. father of גְּמַרְיָ֫הוּ 36:10 (called הַסִּפֵר), v:11; v:12, perh. = 1.
5. father of יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ Ez 8:11, possibly = 1.
שׁוֹפָן v. עֲטָרוֹת p. 743:a supr.
† יִשְׁפָּן n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:22; Ισφαν, A Εσφαν, LXXL Ιεσφαν.
שׁפע (√ of foll.; NH שָׁפַע flow abundantly, be abundant; Targum שְׁפַע, Syr. ܫܦܰܪ, overflow, abound).
† שֶׁ֫פַע n. [m.] abundance;—cstr. שׁ׳: Dt 33:19.
† [שִׁפְעָה], שִׁפְעַת n.f. abundance, quantity;—appar. abs. שִׁפְעַת 2 K 9:17, a multitude (of men), (Bur שִׁפְעָה, or שִׁפְעַת אֲנָשִׁים as Klo Benz al.; > LXX:B Kit עָפָר); cstr. שִׁפְעַת יֵהוּא v:17 Jehu’s multitude; cstr., of horses Ez 26:10, camels Is 60:6; of waters Jb 22:11, 38:34.
† שִׁפְעִי n.pr.m. in Simeon 1 Ch 4:37; Σεφει, LXXL Σωφει.
שׁפף (√of following).
† שְׁפִיפֹן n.[m.] horned snake, LXX κεράστης (Ar. سِفُّ, سُفُّ Frey);—abs. שׁ׳: Gn 49:17 (‖נָחָשׁ ); = cerastes cornutus or Hasselquistii, cf. Tr:NBB 273 Post:Hast. DB iv. 457 f. McLean-Shipley:Ency. Bib. iv. 4393 Dr:ad loc.—שְׁפוּפָם, שְׁפוּפָן vid. S. V.
† שְׁפוּפָם n.pr.m. in Benjamin;—Nu 26:39, Σουταλα, LXXL Σοφαν ( = מֻפִּים וְהֻפִּים Gn 46:21, שֻׁפִּים וְחֻפִּם 1 Ch 7:12).
† שׁוּפָּמִי adj.gent of foregoing, c. art. as n. coll. Nu 26:39.
† שְׁפוּפָן n.pr.m. in Benj. 1 Ch 8:5, Σωφαρφακ, A Σωφαν, LXXL Σεπφαμ.
† שֻׁפִּים n.pr.m. 1. שׁ׳: 1 Ch 7:15, Μαμφειν, A Σεφφειμ, LXXL Σαφιν, appar. = שֻׁפִּם v:12, Σαπφειν, LXXL Σαφαν (Cf. שֻׁפִּים, שְׁפוּפָם). 2. שֻׁפִּים door-keeper, 1 Ch 26:16.
† [שָׁפַר] vb. be beautiful, fair, comely (Ar. سَفَرَ remove veil (of women), shine; Aram. שְׁפַר be pleasing (v. Dn 6:2), ܫܦܰܪ be beautiful, bright, pleasing, ܫܰܦܺܝܪ beautiful);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. שָֽׁפְרָה עָלָָי (Aram.) Ps 16:6 (the) heritage is beautiful for (pleasing to) me (v. עַל II. 8).
† I. [שֶׁ֫פֶר n.m. beauty, goodliness;—abs. אִמְרֵי־שָָׁפֶר Gn 49:21 (v. אֹמֶר, אָמִיר). p. 57
† II. [שֶׁ֫פֶר] n.pr.mont. as a station in wilderness;—הַר־שָָׁפֶר Nu 33:23, 33:24 (P); Σαφαρ.
† I. שִׁפְרָה n.f. fairness, clearness, of sky;—abs. שׁ׳: Jb 26:13 by his breath the sky becomes fair(ness), v. esp. De Di Bu Du; > Che:JQ 1897, 578 (after LXX) בְּרִיחֵי שָׁמַיִם סֹגֵר הוּא.
† II. שִׁפְרָה n.pr.f. Hebrew midwife, Ex 1:15 1(E); Σεπφωα (cf. Lag:BN 90).
† שָׁפִיר n.pr.loc. in Philist. plain, Mi 1:11 ( = שָׁמִיר Jos 15:48 ?); LXX καλῶς(!).
אֶשְׁפָּר vid. s. v. p. 80
שֹׁפָר, שׁוֹפָר:72 n.m.:Is 27:13 horn, for blowing (Aram. שׁיפורא √ dub.; CAdler:PAOS 1889, Clxxi ff. Cp. As, šappar(u) a species of wild goat; in any case the שׁ׳: is a curved horn, as of cow or ram, cf. Dr:Am 2, 2 (with illustr.));—abs. שׁוֹ׳: 2 S 6:15 +, שׁ׳: Ex 19:16 +; cstr. שׁוֹפַר Lv 25:9; pl. שׁוֹפָרוֹת Ju 7:22 +, cstr. שׁוֹפְרוֹת Jos 6:4 +; sf. שׁוֹפְרֹתֵיהֶם Ju 7:8;—horn, mostly as used in war, rarely, and chiefly late, as sacred instr.: Ho 8:1, Ju 7:8, 7:16, Is 58:1 (sim.) Jb 39:25 (בְּדֵי שׁ׳:, v. דַּי 2 a); יּוֹבְלִים(הַ) שׁ׳: Jos 6:4 rams’ horns (v. יבל), so v:6, v:8, v:13 (all E); שׁ׳:(הַ)קוֹל Ex 19:16, 19:19, 20:18 (Gi v:15), Jos 6:5, 6:20 (all E), Am 2:2 + 13 t.; תָּקַע בַּשּׁ׳: = give a blast with the horn, Ju 3:27, 6:34, Jos 6:4 + 9 t. Jos, 1 S 13:3, 1 K 1:34, 1:39 + 9 t., +(י׳: subj.) Zc 9:14; תָּקַע שׁ׳: Ho 5:8, Am 3:6 (vb. Niph.), Je 4:5 + 7 t., +תֹּקְעֵי הַשּׁ׳: Jos 6:9 Qr (Kt תָּֽקְעוּ); cf. לִתְקוֹעַ הַשּׁ׳: Ju 7:20, בְּתֵקַע שׁ׳: Ps 150:3; also תְּרוּעָה הֶעֱבִיר שׁ׳: Lv 25:9 a (H), cf. v:9 b (P), וּתְרוּעָה יוֹם שׁ׳: Zp 1:16; used on religious occasions, Jos 6:4 ff. Lv 25:9, Jo 2:1, 2:5, Ps 47:6, 81:4, 98:6, 150:3, 2 Ch 15:14.—On שׁ׳: v. Adler:The Shophar (1894) Dr:Am 2:2 Hpt:We PsalmPsalm Transl. 221 f. Abrahams:Hast. DB TRUMPET.
† [שׁפרור Kt, שַׁפְרִיר Qr] n.[m.] doubtful, Thes splendour (√שׁפר; Dl:Prol. 126 cp. As. vb. šuparruru, spread out (Id:HAW 684)); appar. of (brightly-coloured ?) royal pavilion, canopy, or poss. carpet, sf. נָטָה שׁפרורו Je 43:10 (Qr שַׁפָרִירוֹ).
[שָׁפַת], אַעשׁפֹּת, מִשְׁפְּתַיִם v. II. שׁפה. p. 1046
† II. שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם n.[m.] du. doubtful word: usu. hook-shaped pegs, hooks, so Targum Thes AV RV; abs. וְהַשּׁ׳: Ez 40:43; < SyrVer Vulgate Co וּשְׂפָתָם and their edge, so Aq Theod Symm and prob. LXX, cf. Hi-Sm, and Krae (וּשְׂפַת).—1. שׁ׳: v. √שׁפה. p. 1046
שֶׁ֫חֶף v. שֶׁ֫טֶף sub שׁטף. p. 1009
† שָׁקַד vb. watch, wake (Ph. שקר be circumspect; NH שָׁקַד be insistent; Targum שְׁקֵד = BH);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Ps 127:1, שָׁקַ֫דְתִּי Je 31:28, Ps 102:8; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקָוֹד Jb 21:32 (Me Bu יִשְׁוָֹדוּ), וַיִּשְׁקֹד Dn 9:14, 1 s. אֶשְׁקֹד Je 31:28; Imv. mpl. שִׁקְדוּ Ezr 8:29; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁקֹד Pr 8:34; Pt. act. שֹׁקֵד Je 1:12 +; pl. cstr. שֹׁקְדֵי Is 29:20;—
1. keep watch of, be wakeful over, י׳: subj., עַל pers., to benefit or injure Je 31:28, 31:28, 44:27; עַל rei, to perform it 1:12, Dn 9:14; so (men subj.) שֹׁקְדֵי אָוֶן Is 29:20; of leopard watching לְַ־עָרֵיהֶם Je 5:6 (to seize prey, fig.); of man watching (for admission) at (עַל) wisdom’s doors Pr 8:34 (‖שָׁמַר ); = keep guard over (עַל) Jb 21:32, cf. (abs.) וְשִׁמְרוּ שׁ׳: Ezr 8:29 and (of watchman, שֹׁמֵר) Ps 127:1.
2. be wakeful, wake, as mourner, sufferer Ps 102:8.—La 1:14 rd. perh. Niph. Pf. נִשְׁקַד עַל־פְּשָׁעַי (LXX Bu) watch has been kept over my transgressions (cf. 1. supra), for MT נִשְׂקַד עֹל פ׳:.—Pu. denom. v. infra.
† שָׁקֵד n.[m.] almond (-tree) (NH id.; so called from its early waking out of winter’s sleep, acc. to Ki Thes Lag:BN 45 al.; Aram. שִׁיגְדָּא, ܫܶܦܪܳܐ, ܫܶܦܪܬܳܐ, whence Eth. sagd: cf. Nö:M 39; cf. Löw:No. 319);—
1. almond, i.e. the nut, pl. שְׁקֵדִים Gn 43:11 (J; +בָּטְנִים, etc.), Nu 17:23 (P).
2. almond-tree Je 1:11 and (prob.) Ec 12:5.
† [שָׁקַד] vb. Pu. Denom.—only Pt. in גְּבִעִים מְשֻׁקָּדִים cups shaped like almond (blossoms) Ex 25:33, 25:33, 25:34, 37:19, 37:19, 37:20 (all P).
† [שָׁקָה] vb. Hiph. cause to drink water, give to drink (NH Hiph. id.; Ar. سَقَي I. give to drink; Sab. סקי be irrigated Fell:ZMG liv (1900), 246, מסקי drinks Hom:Chr 124, מסתקין id. DHM:Hofmus., No. 1, l. 7; Eth. saqaya water, irrigate; As. šaḳû I. = Heb. Hiph., Aram. שְׁקָא, ܫܩܳܐ Aph.);—for Qal v. II. שָׁתָה;—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁקָה Gn 2:6 +, sf. וְהִשְׁקָהּ Nu 5:27; 2 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Nu 20:8 +; 1 s. consec. וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Ez 32:6, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקֶה Nu 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Gn 29:10 +, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁקִ֫הוּ Pr 25:21; fs. sf. הַשְׁקֹ֫ינִי Gn 24:43 +; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁקוֹת Gn 2:10 +, sf. הַשְׁקֹתוֹ 24:19; Pt. מַשְׁקֶה Ps 104:13, cstr. Hb 2:15 (v. also I., II. מַשְׁקֶה);—
1. water, irrigate, ground: subj. mist Gn 2:6, river v:10 (both J), spring Jo 4:18; subj. י׳: Is 27:3 (כֶּרֶם), Ez 17:7 (גֶּפֶן), both in fig., fig. also 32:6 water land מִדָּם; lit. c. מִן of source Ps 104:13 (הָרִים) and (subj. man) Ec 2:6 (יַעַר).
2. water, give drink to, usu. human subj., acc. of beast, Gn 24:14, 24:46, 24:46, 29:2 (מִן of source), v:3, v:7, v:8, v:10, Ex 2:16, 2:17, 2:19 (all J), Ps 104:11 (subj. springs); acc. pers. Gn 21:19 (E), 24:18, 24:19, 24:45 (J), Hb 2:15 (fig.), Is 43:20 (י׳: subj.), Ps 78:15 (id.), 2 Ch 28:15, c. ב of vessel Est 1:7; c. acc. pers. et animal. Nu 20:8 (P); give one something to drink, acc. pers. + rei (water, wine, etc.), Am 2:12, Gn 19:32, 19:33, 19:34, 19:35, 24:43 (all J), Ju 4:19, 1 S 30:11, 2 S 23:15 = 1 Ch 11:15, Jb 22:7, cf. Ct 8:2 (מִיַּיִן); fig. Je 8:14, 9:14, 16:7, 23:15, 25:15, Ps 69:22, cf. וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֹ בִּדְמָעוֹת 80:6; acc. rei om., lit. Ju 4:19, Ex 32:20 (E), fig. Je 25:17.—Vid. also I. מַשְׁקֶה infra. Pu. Impf. 3 ms. וּמֹחַ עַחְמוֹתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Jb 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered, (refreshed, invigorated).—נשׁקה Am 8:8 v. שׁקע. p. 1054.
† שִׁקּוּי n.[m.] drink (Ba:§ 102 d);—לְעַחְמוֹתֶיךָ שׁ׳: Pr 3:8 drink (fig. for refreshment) to thy bones (cf. vb. Pu.); pl. sf. שִׁקֻּוַי (Ol:§ 186 b) Ps 102:10 (+לֶחֶם v:a) שִׁקּוּיָ֑י Ho 2:7.
† שֹׁ֫קֶת, [שֵׁ֫קֶת] n.f. watering - trough (Ges:§ 95 f Ba:ZMG xli (1887), 605; Ar. سَاقِيَةُ irrigating canal, سِقَايَةُ watering-place, drinking vessel);—abs. הַשּׁ׳: Gn 24:20 (J); pl. cstr. שִׁקֲתוֹת הַמַּיִם 30:38 (J).
† I. מַשְׁקֶה n.m. butler, cup-bearer (prop. Pt. Hiph. = one giving drink);—abs. מ׳: Gn 40:5 (E), Ne 1:11, cstr. מַשְׁקֵה Gn 40:1, sf. מַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ v:13, pl. מַשְׁקִים v:2, v:9, v:20, v:21, v:23, 41:9 (all E); sf. מַשְׁקָיו 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4 ( > II. מ׳:).
† II. מַשְׁקֶה n.m.:Lv 11:34 irrigation, drink;—abs. מ׳: Gn 13:10, Lv 11:34, cstr. מַשְׁקֵה 1 K 10:21 + 3 t.; sf. מַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ Gn 40:21;—
1. irrigation Gn 13:10 (J; abstr. for concrete, = ) well-irrigated, of land; Ez 45:15 (< LXX Co Siegf Berthol Toy Krae מִשְׁפְּחוֹת; Gr מִקְנֵה).
2. drink Is 32:6, Lv 11:34; כְּלֵי מ׳: drinking-vessels 1 K 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20.
3. = office of butler, butlership Gn 40:21(E).
† שָׁקַט vb. be quiet, undisturbed (Targum שְׁקַט (rare); NH שׁקט is sink down; Ar. سَقَطَ is drop down);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳: Je 30:10, 46:27, 3 fs. שָֽׁקְטָה Jos 11:23 +, שָׁקָָטָה 2 K 11:20 +; 1 s. שָׁקַ֫טְתִּי Jb 3:26, וְשָׁקַטְתִּ֫י Ez 16:42; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקֹט Ru 3:18; 2 fs. תְּשְׁקָֹטִי Je 47:6, 47:7; 1 s. אֶשְׁקוֹט Is 62:1, Jb 3:13, אשׁקוטה Is 18:4 Kt, Qr אֶשְָׁקָטָה (Ges:§§ 10 h, 48 c); Pt. שֹׁקֵט Ju 18:7 +, fs. שֹׁוֶ֫טֶת 1 Ch 4:40, שֹׁקָָטֶת Zc. 1:11; pl. הַשֹּׁקְטִים Ez 38:11;—be quiet, undisturbed:
1. of land, at peace, abs. Ju 3:11, 3:30, 5:31, 8:28, Is 14:7 (+נָ֫חָה), 2 Ch 13:23; +מִמִּלְחָמָה Jos 11:23, 14:15 (D ?), cf. v:5 (P); וּשְׁלֵוָה וְשׁ׳: 1 Ch 4:40; of earth, ישֶׁבֶת וְשׁ׳: Zc 1:11; abs. of city 2 K 11:20 = 2 Ch 23:21, kingdom 2 Ch 20:30, +לִפְנֵי pers. 14:4; of people, וּבֹטֵחַ שׁ׳: in peace and security Ju 18:7, 18:27, הַשֹּׁקְטִים ישְׁבֵי לָבֶָטַח Ez 38:11; +שַׁאֲנַן Je 30:10 = 46:27; of Moab, וְשֹׁקֵט שַׁאֲנַן: אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו 48:11 undisturbed upon its lees (fig. of wine); of Job, quiet in death Jb 3:13, be at rest (from apprehensions of evil) v:26 (+שָׁלַוְתִּי, נָ֫חְתִּי).
2. be quiet, inactive: of וְאַבִּיטָהי֔׳: Is 18:4 I will be quiet and gaze, i.e. gaze as an inactive spectator, Ps 83:2 (‖דמה , חרשׁ be silent); = be pacified Ez 16:42; of sword of י׳: Je 47:6, 47:7; of Boaz Ru 3:18 he will not be quiet until he has finished the matter; of prophet Is 62:l (‖חָשָׁה be silent). Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקִיט Pr 15:18, יַשְׁקִט Jb 34:29; Imv. ms. הַשְׁקֵט Is 7:4; Inf. abs. הַשְׁקֵט Is 32:17 +; cstr. הַשְׁקִיט Ps 94:13, קִט- Jb 37:17, קֵט- Is 57:20, Je 49:23;—1. shew quietness (inner causat.), of men Is 7:4 (+אַל־תִּירָא), of sea Is 57:20 = Je 49:23, earth Jb 37:17 ( +מִדָּרוֹם); hence Inf. abs. = subst., quietness, display of quietness Is 30:15, עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶ֫טַח 32:17 the product of righteousness is quietness and security (Du Che:Hpt Marti del. הַצּ׳: as dittogr. from v:a, read הַמִּשְׁפָּט for הַשְׁקֵט, and del. וָ: the product of justice is security); (presumptuous) security, שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט Ez 16:49 (of Sodom). 2. cause quietness: subj. י׳: Jb 34:29, לְהַשְׁקִיט לוֹ מִימֵי רָָע Ps 94:13; pacify, allay, obj. רִיב Pr 15:18.
† שֶׁ֫קֶט n.[m.] quietness;—1 Ch 22:9 (+שָׁלוֹם).
† שָׁקַל vb. weigh (NH id.; Ar. شَقُلَ be heavy, شِقَلُ heaviness, weight, شَقَلُ load, OAram. תקל weigh, Aram. תְּקַל, ܬܩܰܠ (weigh), pay, תִּקְלָא shekel, but also (OAram. Zinj.) שקל, שקלן Lzb:382; ܫܩܰܠ lift up; As. šaḳâlu, weigh, šiḳlu (appar.) = שֶׁקֶל; Eth. saqala: hand up, weigh; Ph. משקל weight; cf. Frä:202, also Gk. σίγλος (LXX σίκλος) Lag:M ii. 357 Lewy:Framdw. 118 f.;—on connex. of mngs. cf. weigh trans. and intrans. = Germ. wägen, wiegen, also heave, heavy, heft (= weight, obs. or colloq.));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: 2 S 14:26, Is 40:12; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקִל Ex 22:16, sf. יִשְׁקְלֵ֫נִי Jb 31:6, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁקוֹל Jb 6:2; cstr. לִשְׁקוֹל Est 4:7; Pt. act. שֹׁקֵל Is 33:18, 2 S 18:12 read perhaps pass. שָׁקֻל, v. infra,—
1. weigh, human subj., acc. rei 2 S 14:26, Is 46:6 (ב of scale); fig., י׳: subj. Is 40:12 also (acc. pers.) Jb 31:6 (both c. ב of scale); cf. Inf. abs. sub Niph.; weigh precious metals intrusted to one, ל pers. Ezr 8:25, עַל־יָדָם v:26, acc. rei om. v:29 (לִפְנֵי of superior).
2. weigh out a price (i.e. pay): acc. of silver Ex 22:16 (E), 1 K 20:39, Zc 11:12, Je 32:10 (ב of scale), Is 55:2 (c. ב, in exchange for); +ל pers. Je 32:9, Gn 23:16 (P); +עַל־כַּפַּי 2 S 18:l2 (read perhaps שָׁקֻל, so We Kit:Kau Bu Buhl), עַל־יְדֵי פ׳: Est 3:9, עַל־גִּנְזֵי הַמֶּלֶח 4:7 Niph. be weighed: 1. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁקַל, subj. rei Ezr 8:33 (pass. of Qal v:25 f.); Impf. 3 ms. fig. (+ Qal Inf. abs.), לוּ שָׁקוֹל יִשָּׁקֵל כַּעְשִׂי Jb 6:2. 2. be weighted out, as price, 28:15.
שֶׁ֫קֶל:87 n.m.:Lv 27:6 a weight, shekel (orig. = weight; late Heb. = coin GACooke:Inscr. 356);—abs. שׁ׳: Am 8:5 +, שָָׁקֶל Ex 38:29 +; pl. שְׁקָלִים Jos 7:21 +; cstr. שִׁקְלֵי 1 Ch 21:25;—shekel, as standard weight Am 8:5; of weight of bronze armour 1 S 17:5, iron spear-head v:7, +2 S 21:16 b (v. מִשְׁקָל), hair 2 S 14:26, food Ez 4:10; implying value, of wedge of gold Jos 7:21 (JE); of nails in temple (gold) 2 Ch 3:9; usu. a definite weight of silver (used in payment. or valuation) Ex 21:32 (E), Jos 7:21 (JE), 1 S 9:8, 2 S 24:24, 2 K 7:1, 7:1, 7:16, 7:16, 7:18, 7:18, 15:20, Je 32:9, Ez 45:12, 45:12 (v. infra), and ( = coin, fr. time of Darius I) Ne 5:15, 10:33, Lv 5:15, 27:3, 27:4, 27:5, 27:5 (all P), +53 t. P; also מַחֲחִית הַשּׁ׳: Ex 30:13, 30:13, 30:15, 38:26 (= בֶּקַל), all half-shekel, atonement-money; cf. שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ׳: Ne 10:33 one-third; also רֶבַע שׁ׳: 1 S 9:8 one-fourth if shekel; שׁ׳: = 20 גֵּרָה (ג׳: otherwise unknown) Ez 45:12, Ex 30:13, Lv 27:25, Nu 3:47; 50 שׁ׳: = one maneh Ez 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], LXX:A Boeckh Hi-Sm Co Toy Da Krae Berthol); הַקֹּדֶשׁ שׁ׳: Ex 30:13, 30:24, Lv 5:15, Nu 3:47, 3:50, 7:13 + 21 t. P; land estimated in שׁ׳: of gold 1 Ch 21:25; שׂ׳: also often om. after num.—שׁ׳: was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 gr. Troy (or 126 1/3), mod. equiv. c. £ 2 1 S., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 gr. (nearly 1/2 oz.) = הַקֹּדֶשׁ שׁ׳: (v. supra), or 112 1/4, mod. equiv. c. 2 S. 9d., or 67 c.; בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶח שׁ׳: 2 S 14:26 is dub.; if late (Bu HPS Löhr Now) it prob. ref. to a Bab. or Pers. scale (cf. S-C:pap באבני מלכא oft.); 60 (or 50) שׁ׳: = 1 mina, 60 minas= 1 talent(v. מָנֶה ,כִּכָּר). Vid.esp. ARSKennedy:Hast. DB WEIGHTS AND MEASURES,and MONEY.
† מִשְׁקוֹל n.[m.] heaviness, weight;—בְּמ׳: Ez 4:10 by weight.
מִשְׁקָל n.m. id.;;—abs.מ׳: 1 K 25:16+; cstr. מִשְׁקַל Ju 8:26+; sf. מִשְׁקָלוֹ Gn 24:22+, etc.;—weight Gn 24:22, 24:22(J), Jos 7:21 (JE), Ju 8:26, 1 S 17:5, 2 S 12:30, 21:16 a (v:16b read שֶׁקֶל with LXX.[v. esp. LXXL] We Dr and mod.), 1 K 7:47, 10:14, Nu 7:13 + 11t. Nu 7 (P), 7 t. Chr ; of wind Jb 28:25; בְּמִשְׁקָלוֹ Gn 43:21(J) in its (full) weight t, cf. מאֹזְנֵי מ׳: Ez 5:1; בַּמּ׳: by weight Lv 26:26, 1 Ch 28:14 a, 28:18 בְּמ׳: id. Ez 4:16 (of bread), Ezr 8:34, 1 Ch 28:14 b, 28:15, 28:15, 28:17, 28:17; בַּמּ׳: Lv 19:35 in respect to weight, cf. מ׳: 1 Ch 28:16 as to weight, in weight; לאֹ־הָיָה מ׳: (i.e. there was too much to be weighed) 2 K25:16 = Je 52:20, אֵתן מ׳: 1 Ch 22:3, 22:14.
† [מִשְׁקֶ֫לֶת], מִשְׁקֹ֫לֶת n.f. levelling in-strument level (for horizontal accuracy) ;—abs.מִשְׁקָָלֶת Is 28:17 (fig. of חֶדָקָה;‖קַו ); cstr. קֹ֫לֶת-, fig., בֵּית אַחְאָב מ׳: 2 K 21:13.
† [שִׁקְמָה] n.f. sycomore tree (NH id., Aram. שִׁיקְמָא, ܫܶܩܡܳܐ, Löw:No.332; hence Gk, συκάμινος mulberry Lewy: Fremdw.23) ;—pl. abs. שִׁקְמִים Am 7:14 + ; sf. שִׁקְמוֹתָם Ps 78:47;—sycomore, ficus sycomorus Linn (Tristr:NHB397ff. Post:Flora of syria730; Hast. DB s.v.) a common tree Is 9:9, growing in the Shephela 1 K 10:27 = 2 Ch 1:15 = 9:27, 1 Ch 27:28; as property Ps 78:47 (‖גֶּפֶן ); בּוֹלֵס שִׁקְמִים Am 7:14 a tender of sycomores (v. [לַָם]).
[שָׁקַע] vb. sink, sink down (so NH שָׁקַע, Aram. שְׁקַע; Ar. has صَقِعَ be smitten, prostrated, collapse ); —Qal Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְשָֽׁקְעָה ; Am 9:5 it shall sink like the Nile (of land ; opp. עָלַה); 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁקַע Nu 11:2 (JE), of fire, it sunk down, died out ; תִּשְׁקַע Je 51:64, of Babylon (like stone in water; opp. קוּם). Niph. 3 fs. נִשְׁקְעָה Am 8:8 Qr, of land, sink (opp. עָלָה; = Qal 9:5; Kt erron. נשקה, cf. W:SG287). Hiph. Impf. 1 s. אַשְׁקִיעַ מֵימֵיהֶם Ez 32:14 I will make their waters sink, (settle, grow clear); 2 ms. וּחְֶבֶל תַּשְׁקִיעַ לְשׁוֹנוֹ Jb 40:25 with a cord wilt thou make his tongue sink (? pull or press it down ; of crocodile ; Mich:Suppl,2349 cited Thes 1477, cp. Sam. sqy = חבשׁ bind).
[מִשְׁקָע] n.[m.] what is settled, clarified (cf. √ Hiph.);—cstr. מִשְׁקַע־מַיִם תִּשְׁתּו Ez 34:18 the clear (of) water ye drink (cf. 32:14 supra).
[שְׁקַעֲרוּרָה] v. פער. p.891
† I. שָׁקַף vb. Niph. Hiph. overhang, look out and down (NH Niph. Hiph. = BH; cf. Aram. שְׁקִיפָא , ܫܩܺܝܦܳܐ.;, rocky pinnacle, rock, Ar. سَقَفَ ceiling, roof, sky (on connex. of mngs.cf. Ar. أَشْرَفَ overtop, overlook, from شَرُفَ be high; اِطَّلَعَ look down upon, from طَلَعَ rise);—Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁקְפָה Ju 5:28+, וְנִשְׁקָ֖פָה Nu 21:20 (read prob. pt. הַגִּשְׁקָפָה, cf. 23:28, GBG); Is. נִשְׁקָָפְתּי Pr 7:6; Pt. נִשְׁקָף Nu 23:28, 1 S 13:18, Ps 85:12; f. נִשְׁקָפַָה Ct 6:10;—lean over (and look), lookdown, c. בְּעַד of window, through Ju 5:28, 1 S 2:16 = 1 Ch 15:29, Pr 7:6; abs. look down, forth Ct 6:10; c. מִן of direction whence Je 6:l Ps 85:12 (both fig.); of mt. lean over upon (עַל־פְּנֵי), overhang Nu 21:20, 23:23, 1 S 13:18 (read הַגֶּעַ for הגבול We Dr HPS al.). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁקִיף Ps 14:2 + ; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקִיף La 3:50, וַיַּשְׁקֵף Gn 19:28+, etc.;Imv. ms. cohort. הַשְׁקִ֫יפָה Dt 26:15;—look down (= Niph.): c. עְַד of window Gn 26:8 (J), 2 K 9:30, c. אֶל pers. v:32; look down upon, עַל־פְּנֵי , subj. pers. Gn 18:16, 19:28 (both J), abs. וַיַּרְא וַיַּשׁ׳: 2 S 24:20 (וַיַּבֵּט in ‖ 1 Ch 21:21); esp. subj. י׳:, c.אֶל loc. Ex 14:24 (J); c. מִן loc. Dt 26:15, Ps 102:20, +עַל pers. 14:2 = 53:3, + וְיֵי֫רֶא La 3:50.
II. שׁקף (√ of foll.; cf. Aram. שְׁקַף , ܫܩܰܦ str1 Ke, whence foll. as that against which the door strikes, v. Frä:20; Ar. سَقَفَ, to ceil or roof, سَقْفُ ceiling, roof).
† [שֶׁ֫קֶף] n.[m.] frame-work, casing of doors (cf. NH שְׁקוּף lintel, Aram. שְׁקוֹף, שַׁקְפָא threshold);—שָָׁקֶף 1 K 7:5.
† [שָׁקוּף, שְׁקוּף] n.m.:1 K 6:4 frame, causing of windows;—pl. חַלּוֹנֵי שְׁקֻפִים 1 K6:4 windows of narrowing frames, so read also, inserting שׁ׳:, Ez 41:16 (Co Toy; > Krae Berthol read שׁ׳: for שְׂחִיף v:b) ; שׁ׳: alone 1 K 7:4.
† מַשְׁקוֹף n.[m.] prob. lintel of door ;—הַמּ׳: Ex 12:7(P), v:22, v:23(J).
שׁקץ (√ of foll.; cf. As. š1 Kṣu, appar. a (skin-?) disease ; NH Pi. שַׁקֵּץ, Aram. Pa. שַׁקֵּץ detest are denom.; RS:Jphil.xiv.71ff. conj. original meaning let fall, throw away, cf. Ar. سَقَطَ fall, drop down, but very dubious).
† שֶׁ֫קֶץ n.m.:Lv 7:21 detestation, detestable thing ;—שׁ׳: of the ceremonially unclean. Lv 7:21; creatures forbidden as food: water animals without fins or scales 11:10, 11:11, 11:12, birds of prey, etc., v:13, winged creeping things v:20, v:23, creeping vermin v:41, v:42 (all P), cf. Is 66:17 (+ בְּשַׂר הַחֲזִיר, הָעַכְבָּר); v. RS:Sem. i. 275, 2nd ed. 293; K 309 f., 2 nd ed. 311 f.—Ez 8:10 read prob. שִׁקּוּחִים, v. שִׁקּוּץ.
† [שִׁקֵּץ] vb. Pi. denom. detest, make detestable ;—Pf. 3 ms. שִׁקַּץ Ps 22:25; Impf. 2 mpl. שְַׁקְּחוּ Lv 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁקֵּץ Dt 7:26 ;—
1. detest, c. acc. rei Dt 7:26 (Impf. + Inf. abs.; ‖תֵּעֵ תְּתַעֲבֶּנּוּ ), Lv 11:11, 11:13 (P); ‖זַָה Ps 22:25
2. make detestable, obj. נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם (= reflex.) Lv 11:43 (P), 20:25 (H).
† שִׁקּוּץ, שִׁקֻּץ n.m.:Dn 11:31 detested thing ;—abs. שִׁקּוּץ Dn 11:31, 12:11, cstr. שִׁקֻּץ 1 K 11:5 +; pl. שִׁקּוּחִים 2 Ch 15:8, שִׁקֻּחִים 2 K 23:24; cstr. שִׁקּוּחֵי Ez 20:7, 20:8; sf. שִׁקּוּחֵיהֶם Je 16:18+, etc.;—detested thing, epith. of Isr. Ho 9:10 (si vera l.; not elsewhere bef. Dt); of fifth Na 3:6; appar. of unclean food Zc 9:7 (as שֶׁקֶץ); of idols (so usu.; oft. ‖תּוֹעֵבָה , גִּלּוּל, etc.), Dt 29:16, 2 K 23:24, Je 4:1, 7:30 = 32:34, 13:27, 16:18, Ez 5:11, 7:30, 11:18, 11:20, 20:7, 20:8, 20:30, 37:23; of idolatrous practices Dn 9:27, but rd.prob.as 11:31 (so LXX θ), and כַגּוֹ for כנף (v. Dr); שֹׁמֵם(מְ) שׁ׳: 11:31, 12:11 destested thing causing horror is the heathen altar erected in temple by Ant. Epiph., with (prob.) a statue of Zeus Olympios = (Ph.) בלְשמם lord of heaven; the prophet puts שִׁקּוּץ for בעל, and שֹׁמֵם(מְ) for שָׁמַיִם; cf. Nes:ZAW iv (1884), 248 Che:OP 103 Dr:Dn.
† [שָׁקַק] vb. run, run about, rush (appar. akin to √ I. שׁוק, whence שׁוֹק);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. בָּעִיר יָשֹׁקּוּ Jo 2:9, of locusts (‖יְרֻחוּן ; > Gr prop. יִסְּקוּfrom סלק); Pt. שֹׁקֵק Is 33:4, c. ב rei rush at, upon (like locusts); of roving, ranging bear Pr 28:15 (unless we read שָׁקוּל, Toy); fig. of נֶפֶשׁ longing for water Is 29:8 (‖עָיֵם and, v:a, רֵקָה), Ps 107:9 (‖רְעֵבָה ). Hithpalp. Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּקְשְׁקוּן Na 2:5, of chariots, they rush to and fro.
† [מַשָׁק] n.[m.] running , rushing ;—cstr. מַשַּׁק Is 33:4, of locusts.
שׁקר (√ of following; deceive; Aram. שְׁקַר deceive, also n. deceit, ܫܩܰܪ Pa. deceive, and deriv.; As. tašsirtu [Dl-gir-] a lie,so NH שֶׁקֶר, Ar. سُقَرُ and شُقَرُ (loan-word ?)).
שֶׁ֫קֶר:113 n.m. deception, disappointment, falsehood ;—שׁ׳: Ex 23:7 + 64 t.; שָָׁקֶר Ex 5:9 + 42 t.; pl. שְׁקָרִים Ps 101:7 + 3 t.; sf. שִׁקְרֵיהֶם Je 23:22;—
1. deception, what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one : a molten image Je 10:14 = 51:17; gift Pr 25:14; grace of person 31:30, etc.; אֹ֫רַח שׁ׳: Ps 119:104, 119:128; דֶּ֫רֶח שׁ׳: v:29; בטח בשׁ׳: Je 13:25; נחל שׁ׳: 16:19, cf. also Ps 7:15, 33:17, 119:118, Is 28:15; לַשֶּׁקֶר for disappointment, in vain 1 S 25:21, Je 3:23.
2. deceit, fraud, wrong : שׁ׳ :(ל)עשׂה do or practise fraud, wrong Ho 7:1, Je 6:13, 8:8, 8:10; c. ְ, 2 S 18:13; פְּעֻלַּת שׁ׳: Pr 11:18; לֶ֫חֶם שׁ׳: Pr 20:17 food got by fraud; זֶ֫רע שׁ׳: Is 57:4; עֵט שׁ׳: Je 8:8; ילד שׁ׳: Ps 7:15 (‖עמל ); דרח לשׁון קשׁת שׁ׳: Je 9:2; בְּשׁ׳: 3:10 (‖בגד ), adv. שׁקד fraudulently, wrongfully Ps 35:19, 38:20, 69:5, 119:78, 119:86.
3. injurious falsehood, in testimony, esp. in courts : עַד שֶׁקֶר Ex 20:16 (E) Dt 19:18, Ps 27:12, Pr 6:19, 14:5, 25:18; עֵר שׁקרים 12:17, 19:5, 19:9; ענה שׁ׳: Dt 19:18 testify falsehood; שְׁבֻעַת שׁ׳: Zc 8:17 false oath; נשׁבע לשׁ׳: swear falsely Je 5:2 + 5 t.; נשׁבע על שׁ׳: Lv 5:22; דבּר שׁ׳: Mi 6:12 + (v. [דָּבַר], דָּבָר); אִמְרֵ י שׁ׳: Is 32:7; שׁ׳ :(י)שׂפת Ps 31:19, 120:2, Pr 10:18, 17:7; טפל שׁ׳: Jb 13:4, Ps 119:69, cf. v:163; abs. false ! 2 K 9:12, Je 37:14.
4. falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets: נכּא שׁ׳: prophesy falsely Je 14:14, 23:25, 23:26, 29:21; + ל pers. 27:10, 20:14, 20:16; לַשּׁ׳ :נ׳: v:15; בשׁ׳ :נ׳: 5:31, 20:6, 29:9; מוֹרֶה שׁ׳: Is 9:14, Hb 2:18; חזה שׁ׳: Zc 10:2; חֲזוֹן שׁ׳: Je 14:14, etc., (+ 12 t.); רוּח שׁ׳: v. p. 925:b.
5. lie, falsehood, in gen.: דבר שׁ׳: Ps 101:7 (‖רְמִיָּה ); דְּבַר שׁ׳: Pr 13:5; of מִלִּים Jb 36:4; לְשׁוֹן שׁ׳: false tongue Pr 6:17, 12:19, 21:6, 26:28, Ps 109:2; of lips Pr 12:22; אִישׁ שׁ׳: 17:4 liar.
† [שָׁקַר] vb. denom. do or deal falsely ;—Qal Impf. 2 ms; תִּשְׁקֹר Gn 21:23 thou wilt not do falsely to me (לִ׳:). Pi. Pf. 1 pl. שִׁקַּ֫רְ נוּ Ps 44:18; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁקֵּר 1 S 15:29; 3 mpl. יְשַׁקֵָּרוּ Is 63:8, etc;—deal falsely 1 S 15:29, Is 63:8, c. ב pers. Lv 19:11 (‖כחשׁ ); c. ב rei Ps 44:18, 89:34.
שֹׁקֶת, שִׁקֲתוֹת v. שׁקה. שֹׁרv. שׁרר. p.1052, 1057
שַׁרְאֶ֫חֶר n.prm. v. שַׂרְאֶ֫חֶר p.974
שׁרב (√ of foll., parch; NH שָׁרַב be scorched (by sun), שָׁרָב parching heat (of sun); Ecclus 43:22 דש ן שרב parched grass; Aram. שְׁרב, שְׁרֵיב, ܫܪܰܒ, ܫܪܶܒ be parched, שְׁרב heat, drought: cf. prob. also As. n.pr. div. Šarrabu (-pu) Zim:KAT3. 415; >cp. Ar. سَرَابُ mirage [Rob:BR i. 42] Ges:Is 35, 7 al.; see against this esp. Che:Introd. Is. 269).
† שָׁרָב n.m. 1. burning heat ; 2. parched ground ;—only abs.: וָשָָׁמֶשׁ וְלאֹ יַ כֵּם שׁ׳: Is 49:10; of ground, הַשּׁ׳: Is 35:7 (‖חִמָּאוֹן ).
† שֵׁרֵֽבְיָה n.pr.m. a Levite with Ezra (?י׳: hath sent burning heat; or cp. Syr. ܫܪܒ Pa. propagavit);—Σαραβια(ς) : Ezr 8:18, 8:24, Ne 8:7, 9:4, 9:5, 10:13, 12:8, 12:24.
שַׁרְבַּיט v. שׁבט. p. 987
I. [שָׁרָה] vb. let loose (NH id., dissolve; As. šarû, Pi. open (building, for use), dedicate it; tašrîtu, dedication; Oaram. שרה loose, so Aram. שְׁרָא, ܫܪܳܐ; Eth. saraya: remit, condone);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁרֵ֫הוּ Jb 37:3 he (God) lets it loose (i.e. the thunder). Pi. Pf. 1 s. sf. שֵׁרִיתִ֫ךָ Je 15:11 Qr I will set thee free (cf. 40:4 Targum SyrVer), but dub.; Kt שרותך (i.e. שַָׁרוֹתִךָ, √ שׁרר), Thes Gie I vex thee [שָׁרַר = חָרַר, very dub.]; Ew al. RV strengthen thee; this yields best sense, but as Aram. שׁרר is intrans., read then שֵׁרַרְתִּךָ or הֲשֵׁרוֹתִךָ, Dr; Jerome Rabb rd. שֵׁרִיתְךָ = שְׁאֵרִיתְךָ thy remnant (AV).
II. שׁרה (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. شَرَي be moist; Aram. תְּרָא, ܬܪܳܐ id.; ܬܶܪܝܳܢܳܐ grape-juice; NH שָׁרָא soften, dissolve; whence foll. prop. = moisture (Di:Nu Dr:§ 178 Paterson:Nu Hpt Gray:Nu), and so As. mešru, succulence (Hpt:Paterson Nu)).
† [מִשְׁרָה] n.f. juice;—cstr. מִשְׁרֵת עֲנָבִים Nu 6:3 (P) the juice of grapes (+ יַיִן, שֵׁכָר).
III. שׁרה (√ of following; cf. Ar. سِرْوَةُ, سِرْيَةُ short dart).
† שִׁרְיָה n.f. a weapon, perhaps lance, javelin ;—שׁ׳: Jb 41:18 (+ חֶרֶב, חֲנִית, מַסָּע),—yet LXX θώρακα, Targum thorax, i.e. שִׁרְיוֹן.
IV. שׁרה (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; cf. As. siriyâm, body-armour (Inscr. of Sennach.), Aram. ܫܶܪܝܳܢܳܐ id.; Ecclus 43:20 id.; also Egypt. t-u-ïra-na, tà-ra-y-na, WMM:As. u. Eur. 102).
† שִׁרְיוֹן, שִׁרְיָ֑ן n.[m.] body-armour ;—abs. שִׁרְיוֹן 1 S 17:5, 17:38; שִׁרְיָ֑ן (Ges:§ 29 u) 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, שִׁרְיָ֔ן Is 59:17; pl. שִׁרְיֹנִים Ne 4:10, שִׁרְיֹנוֹת 2 Ch 26:14;—body-armour, perh. more exactly breast-armour, Ne 4:10; with appendages (הַדְּבָקִים) 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33; c. vb. לבשׁ 1 S 17:5, made of scale-like plates (קַשְׂקֵשִּׂים) of bronze v:5, named with helmet here, so v:38, 2 Ch 26:14 and (fig.) Is 59:17.—שׂ׳: n.pr. v. שׂריון.
[שֵׁרָה] bracelet, v. שׁרר. p. 1057
† שָׁרוּחֶָן n.pr.loc. in Simeon ;—Jos 19:6 (LXX οἰ ἁγροί̀ αὐτῶν, ? rdg. שְׂדֵיהֶן); WMM:As. u. Eur. 161, 168 identif. with Egypt. Ša-r(a)-ḥa-na.
שָׁרוֹן n.pr.loc. שָׁרוֹנִי adj. gent. († 1 Ch 27:29) v. ישׁר. p. 450, 1124
שׁרות Je 15:11 v. I. שׁרה; שָׁרוֹתֶיהָ Je 5:10, v. 11. שׁוּר, שׁוּרָה. above p. 1004
שִׁרְטַי 1 Ch 27:29 Qr, v. שִׁטְרַי p. 1009
† שָׁרָָי n.pr.m. one with foreign wife Ezr 10:40; Σαριου, א Σαρουε, LXXL Σαρουα.
שִׁרְיָה v. III. שִׁרְיוֹן. v. IV. שׁרה. above
שֵׁרִית v. שְׁאֵרִית. שֵׁרִיתִךָ Je 15:11 v. I. שׁרה. above, p. 984
שְׁרֵמוֹת v. [שְׁדֵמָה] sub שׁדם. p. 995
שִׁרְיָ֑ן v. sub IV. שִׁרְיוֹןsub IV שׁרה . above
† שָׁרַץ vb. swarm, teem (NH id.; Aram. ܫܪܰܨ crawl, ܫܶܪܨܳܐ= שֶׁרֶץ, so שִׁרְחָא (rare); Eth. 3aras’a: germinate, sprout) ;—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Ps 105:30, שָֽׁרְחוּ Gn 1:21, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁרֹץ Ez 47:9, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁרְחוּ Gn 9:7; Pt. הַשֹּׁרֵץ 7:21 +, f. הַשֹּׁרֶ֫חֶת Lv 11:46; Hex only P :—
1. swarm, teem with (acc. animal.), subj. water Gn 1:20, 1:21, cf. Ex 7:28, land Ps 105:30.
2. swarm, subj. animal. Gn 8:17 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Ez 47:9, הַּשֹׁרֵּץ Gn 7:21, Lv 11:29, 11:41, 11:42, 11:46 (all עַל־הָָּ־רֶּץ), v:43; subj. men Gn 9:7 (+ מָלאספּרָה, רָבה), Ex 1:7 (id., + עָחַם).
† שֶׁ֫רֶץ n.m.:Gn 7:21 coll. swarmers, swarming things ;—שׁ׳: abs. Lv 11:29 +, שָָׁרֶץ v:31; cstr. v:20 +;—swarming things (HD and P), aquatic Gn 1:20, Lv 11:10; small reptiles and quadrupeds Gn 7:21 (+ עוֹךָ, בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה), Lv 5:2 (+ חַיָּה, בְּהֵמָה), 11:29 (weasel, mouse, lizard), v:31, v:41, v:42, v:43 (c. cogn. שָׁרַץ), v:44, cf. 22:5; insects, הָעוֹךָ שׁ׳: Dt 14:19, + הַהֹלֵח עַל־אַרְעַ Lv 11:20, 11:21, cf. v:23. cf. v:23, . Cf. Dr:DB i. 519.
† שָׁרַק vb. hiss, perh, also whistle, pipe (NH id., hiss (dub.), Aram. שְׁרֵיק id. Targum Lv 2:15, 2:16, ܫܪܰܩ id. ;—from שׁ׳: comes Gk. σῦριγξ acc. to Lag:Abh GGW xxvi. 38 Lewy:Fremdw.165);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳: Is 5:26, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁרֹק Is 7:18 + (Jb 27:23 read יִשְׁרְקוּ Me Bi Siegf Bu); 1 s. אֶשְׁרְקָה Zc 10:8 ;—hiss, as signal, ל pers., fig., י׳: subj.: Is 5:26, 7:18, Zc 10:1; in derision, עַל civitat., etc. (oft. + שָׁמֵם be astounded), Je 19:8, 49:17, 50:13, La 2:15 (+ הֵנִיעַ ראֹשׁ), Ez 27:36; abs. Zp 2:15, La 2:16, 1 K 9:8 (+ חָרַק שֵׁן); עַל pers. Jb 27:23 (c. מִן loc.).
† שְׁרֵקָה n.f. (object of derisive) hissing ;—always abs. שׁ׳:, and always + שַׁמָּה : Je 19:3, 25:9, 25:18 (+ חָרְבָּה, פְלָלָה), 29:18 (+ אָלָה, חֶרְפָּה), 51:27, Mi 6:16 (+ חֶרְפָּה), 2 Ch 29:8.
† [שְׁרִיקָה] n.[f.] hissing, perhaps also whistling, piping ;—pl. abs. (intens.) שְׁרִיקֹת Je 18:16 Qr hissing, in derision, + שַׁמָּה (v. שְׁרֵקָה), Kt שרוקת; cstr. שְׁרִקוֹת עֲדָרִים Ju 5:16 as signal hissings (or whistlings, pipings) for flocks.
שׁרר (√ of [שָׁרִיר], שְׁרִירוּת, and perhaps of other words following; Oaram. שר be firm sound, Aram. שְׁרַר be firm, hard, ܫܰܪ be firm, consistent, substantial, truthful, ܐܰܫܰܪ strengthen confirm : Aram. and NH שָׁרִיר firm, hard ; ܫܰܪܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ firmness, strength, constancy).
† [שֹׁר] n.[m.] navel-string (cf. Aram. שׁוּרָא Ez 16:4 Targum, ܫܶܪܳܐ, Ar.سُرُّ, all id.);—sf. לאֹ כָרַּת שָׁרֵּח Ez 16:4 (Ges:§ 22 s Kö:ii. 1. 45) thy navel-string was nut cut; questioned are: שָׁרֶָּךָ Pr 3:8 (De al. navel, synechd. for body, ‖עַחְמוֹתֶתךָ ; LXX τῷ σώματί; σου, cf. SyrVer, Clericus Bi Frankenberg בְּשָֽׂרְךָ, Ew Hi Kmp al. שְׁאֵרְךָ, Toy either); שָׂרְךָ Ct 7:3 (LXX ὀμφαλάς σου; ‖בִּטְנֵח ), = שָׁרֵּח Thes al.; now oft. interpreted as = vulva, cf. Ar. سِرُّ secret part, Hi Stickel Buhl öttli, noticed also by Thes, but Arabism dub., v. Bu.
† [שֵׁרָה] n.[f.] bracelet (Aram. שֵׁירָא id., ܫܺܐܪܳܐ chain, Gn 24:22 SyrVer Targum: Ar. سِوَارُ bracelet, Qor 18:30 [Frä:56] is said by Lane:14645 to be from the Persian, and, if Sem., would be fr. √ سور);—pl. abs. הַשֵּׁרוֹת Is 3:19 (in list of finery).
† שָׁרָר n.pr.m. 2 S 23:33 = 11. שָׂבָר, q.v.
† [שָׁרִיר] n.[m.] sinew, muscle (so context suggests);—pl.cstr. אוֹנוֹ בִּשְׁרִירֵי בִטְנוֹ Jb 40:16 (‖כֹחוֹמְָתְנָיו ).
† שְׁרִירוּת, usu. שְׁרִרות n.f. firmness, always=stubbornness; only cstr. שׁ׳:, sq. לֵב: Je 9:13, 13:10, 23:17, Dt 29:18, Ps 81:13 (שְׁרִירוּת); לִָ ם הָרָע שׁ׳: Je 3:17, 7:24, 11:8 (שְׁרִי׳:), so (לִבּוֹ) 16:12, 18:12.
[שַׁרְשָׁה] Ex 28:22 v. following.
† [שַׁרְשְׁרָה] n.f. (in spite of foll. sf. masc. Ex 28:14, Ges:§ 135 o Albr:ZAW xv (1895), 316, xvi (1896), 96) chain (As. šaršarratu, chain, fetter; Mishn. שַׁרְשָׁרוֹת, Talm. שַׁרְשׁוּרָא, Syr. ܫܺܝܫܽܘܪܳܐ, chain or rope of palm-leaves, etc., but also NH שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת chain, Targum שֵׁישְׁלָא, Syr. ܫܺܝܫܠܳܐ [whence Ar. سِلْسِلَةُ, v. Eth. sansal:], (connex. with שַׁר׳: denied by Nö:B88W 56 Anm. 9));—pl. שַׁרְשְׁרוֹת, abs. 1 K 7:17 +, רֹת abs. 2 Ch 3:15, cstr. Ex 28:14 +, שַׁרְשֹׁת v:22 (either abbrev. or textual error);—chains of gold, l1 Ke wreaths, attached to ephod Ex 28:14, 28:14, 28:22, 39:15; ornaments on pillars at porch of temple 1 K 7:17 (גְּדִלִים מַעֲשֵׂה שׁ׳:), ‖ 2 Ch 3:15, 3:16, 3:16.
שׁרשׁ (appar. √ of foll.; Di:Jb 40:16 Buhl al. think = שׁרשׁר, √ שׁרר, cf. שֹׁר, etc., Eth. 3rw: nerve, muscle, whence שֹׁרֶשׁ as root-fibre, but word very ancient, and this der,quite unproven; < Schwally:ZMG iii (1898), 140 f. cp. Ar. شَرْسُ (ش by dissimilation), thorn-bush, شَرْسُ hard, rough, rugged (of ground), شَرِسَ ill-natured, cross; hence שֹׁרֶשׁ, from tough, gnarled root-fibres; NH and Ph. שרש, As. šuršu, all root, Sab. שרס (v. Ar. supr.) root, foundation Hom:Chr 124, אשרס foundation DHM:AMG xxix (1875), 606; xxxvii (1883), 415; Aram. שׁוֹרְשָׁא, ܫܶܪܫܳܐ root).
† שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ n.m.:Dt 29:17 root;—שׁ׳: abs. Dt 29:17 +, cstr. Is 11:10 +; sf. שָׁרְשִׁי Jb 29:19, etc.; pl. cstr. שָׁרְשֵׁי 13:27 (v. infr.) 36:310, sf. שָֽׁרָשָׁיו Am 2:9 +, שָֽׁרָשֶׁיהָ Ez 17:7 +;—
1. root of people under fig. of tree, involving firmness, permanence, Am 2:9, Ho 9:16, 14:6, Is 14:30, 2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31 ;—שָׁרְשָׁם Ju 5:14 is prob. corrupt, v. GFM ;—so of pers. (cf. Ph, Eshmunazar:11 GACooke:pp. 30, 36) Is 5:24, Mal 3:19, Jb 8:17, 18:16, 29:19, Pr 12:3, 12:12; = stock, family Is 11:1, 11:10, Dn 11:7, cf. (of serpent) Is 14:29; = source or cause Dt 29:17, דָּבָר שׁ׳: Jb 19:28.
2. lit. root of tree or shrub Je 17:8 (sim.), Ez 31:7 (metaph. of people). Is 53:2 (sim.), Jb 14:8, 30:4; of vine (metaph. of people) Ez 17:6, 17:7, 17:9, 17:9, Ps 80:10 (acc. cogn. c. שׁרשׁ Hiph.).
3. root, fig.=lowest stratum, of mt. Jb 28:9, of sea 36:30= bottom (text strange and dub.: Du רָאשֵׁי הָרִים, with אֵרוֹ in v:a); of feet, שָׁרְשֵׁי רַגְלַי 13:27, i.e. soles Ew Di De Da al. (elsewhere כַּף), Bu place of treading, footholds; Du (arbitrarily) שָׁרְשִׁי, del. רגלי.
† [שָׁרַשׁ] vb. denom. Pi. = deal with the roots ;—
1. root up, out : Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְשֵׁרֶשְׁךָ Ps 52:7 he shall root thee up from (מִן) the land of the living; of fire (burn) roots, root : Impf. 3 fs. תְּשָׁרֵשׁ ְ Jb 31:12 fore (fig.) roots at all my increase. Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְשֹׁרָשׁוּ 31:8 be rooted up (of produce).
2. Poe‘ēl take root, establish oneself firmly: Pf. 3 ms. שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ Is 40:24 (fig. of princes, etc.). Po‘al id.: Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרָֹשׁוּ Je 12:2 (fig. of wicked). Hiph. id.: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁרֵשׁ Is 27:6 (fig. of Isr.); 3 fs. וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ Ps 80:10 (id.; c. acc. cogn.); Pt. מַשְׁרִי Jb 5:3 (fig. of pers.).
† שָָׁרֶשׁ n.pr.m. in Manasseh (cf. OAram. n. pr. שרש Lzb:383);—1 Ch 7:16; Σο[υ]ρος; LXXL Φορος.
[שַׁרְשָׁה], [שַׁרְשְׁרָה] v. שׁרר. p. 1057
[שָׁרַת]:97 vb. Pi. minister, serve (cf. NH שֵׁרוּת (temple-)ministry, Ph. משרת ministry, and perhaps vb. שרת minister);—Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שֵׁרֵת Nu 8:26, Dt 18:7; 3 mpl. שֵׁרְתוּ Nu 3:6; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשָׁ֫רֶת Gn 39:4, 3 mpl. יְשָֽׁרְתוּ Nu 3:31 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְשָׁרֵת Ex 28:35 +, לְשָׁ֫רֶת שָׁם Dt 17:12, etc.; Pt. מְשָׁרֵת Nu 11:28 + (2 S 13:9 v. מַשְׂרֵת, p. 602:a), f. מְשָׁרַת 1 K 1:15, etc.;—serve:
1. of ministerial service (opp.menial, עבד): a. higher domestic service: Joseph Gn 39:4, 40:4 (JE), Elisha’s chief servant 2 K 4:43, 6:15, royal domestics 2 S 13:17, 13:18, 1 K 10:5, 2 Ch 9:4, Est 2:2, 6:3, Abishag 1 K 1:4, 1:15. b. of royal officers (late) 1 Ch 27:1, 28:1, 2 Ch 17:19, 22:8, Est 1:10, Pr 29:12. c. Joshua as chief assistant to Moses Ex 24:13, 33:11 (E), Nu 11:28 (J), Jos 1:1 (D), Elisha to Elijah 1 K 19:21. d. of angels to י׳: Ps 103:21, cf. 104:4. e. of kings of nations in proph. Is 60:10.
2. usu. of special service in worship: a. of Levit. priests, abs. 1 K 8:11 = 2 Ch 5:14; c. acc. י׳: Dt 10:8, 17:12, 21:5, Je 33:21 + (strangely) מְשָֽׁרְתֵי אֹתִי v:22; also Is 60:7 of animals put fig. for those sacrificing them; of foreigners admitted to priesthood Is 61:6, cf. 56:6; so prob. Samuel conceived as priest 1 S 2:11, 3:1, את פני י׳: 2:18 (פני prob. acc., cf. LXX τῷ προσώπῳ v:11), בְּשֵׁם י׳ :שׁ׳:Dt 18:5, 18:7. b. Levites (P, and late); c. acc. of Aaronic priests Nu 3:6, 8:26, 18:2, c. acc. of י׳: 1 Ch 15:2, 2 Ch 29:11 a; prob. also in ref. to Lev. singer Ps 101:6; c. acc. tabern. Nu 1:50 (P), congregation 16:9 (P), people Ez 44:11 + v:12 (of idolatry); abs. 1 Ch 16:4, 2 Ch 23:6, 29:11 b, 31:2, Ezr 8:17 (pt. as subst., ministers); לִפְנֵי שׁ׳: אֲרוֹן בְּרִית י׳: 1 Ch 16:37, נֶגֶד הַכֹּהֲנִים שׁ׳: 2 Ch 8:14; שׁ׳: c. ב loc. 1 Ch 26:12; esp. c. בְּ, of sacred vessels Nu 3:31, 4:9, 4:12, 4:14, 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18; בַּשִּׁיר 1 Ch 6:17. c. Zadokite priests (Ez), abs. Ez 42:14 + 3 t., c. acc. י׳: 40:48 + 4 t., cstr. מְשָׁרֲתֵי before sacred place 45:4, 45:5, 46:24. d. Aaronic priests, abs. Ex 28:35 + 4 t. P; c. acc. י׳: 1 Ch 23:13; לי׳: 2 Ch 13:10; מְשָֽׁרְתֵי י׳: Jo 1:9, 1:13, 2:17, מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מזבח Jo 1:13, c. בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Ex 28:43 + 4 t. P. e. of idolatry, c. acc. עץ ואבן Ez 20:32.
† שָׁרֵת n.m. religious ministry;—כְּלֵי הַשּׁ׳: vessels of m. in tabern. Nu 4:12, temple 2 Ch 24:14.
[שָׁשָׂה] v. [שׁסה] Pō‘. p. 1042
I. שֵׁשׁ six, v. שׁדשׁ. II. שֵׁשׁ v. שַׁיִשׁ. p. 995, 1010
† III. שֵׁשׁ n.m.:Ex 26:1 byssus (loan-wd. prob. fr. Eg. šen-suten Reinischap.DHM:VOJ viii (1894), 7 Copt. šens, cf. Copt. šent, weave; v. M‘Lean:Ency.Bib. LINEN; on spinning, weaving, and wearing of linen in Egypt Erman:Aegypten 594 ff.; Eng. Trans. 448 f.);—always abs. שׁ׳: (שׁשׁי Ez 16:13 is error):—byssus, fine Egyptian linen (בּוּץ, q. v., is later synon.), i.e. the linen thread (spun by women Ex 35:25), and the material woven from it: used for garments Gn 41:42 (E), Ez 16:10, 16:13 (שׁשׁי, read שׁשׁ), Pr 31:22; for sail (in fig. of Tyre as ship) Ez 27:7 (brought from Egypt); elsewhere P, of priestly vestments Ex 28:5, 28:39, 28:39, 39:3, 39:27, 39:28, 39:28; also מָשְׁזָר שׁ׳: twisted linen 28:6, 28:8, 28:15, 39:2, 39:5, 39:8, 39:28, 39:29 + v:24 (read וְשֵׁשׁ מ׳: Sam LXX Bae); שׁ׳: of hangings, etc., in tabern. 25:4, 35:6, 35:23, 35:25, 35:35, 38:23, and so מָשְׁזָר שׁ׳: 26:1, 26:31, 26:36, 27:9, 27:16, 27:18, 36:8, 36:35, 36:37, 38:9, 38:16, 38:18.
† [שִׁשֵּׁא] vb. intens. appar. lead on; so Vrss and context; Pf. 1 s. sf. וְשִׁשֵּׁאתִיךָ Ez 39:2 consec., I (י׳:) will lead thee on (acc.of Gog) (form Pilp. fr. assumed √ שׁאא Ol:§ 253 Sta:§§ 112 a Anm. 2; 464 Hi-Sm Krae Berthol).
† שֶׁשְׁבַּצַּר (Baer Gi; שֵׁשׁ׳: van d. H.) n.pr.m. prince of Judah, leader of returning exiles Ezr 1:8, 1:11 (cf. BAram. 5:14, 5:16); Σαβανασαρ, A Σασαβασσαρος, LXXLΣαβασαρης ; in 1 Esdr Σαναμασσαρος, etc. (prob. = Šamaš-bal-uṣur or Sin-bal-uṣur Mey:Entstehung d. Jud. 75 ff., 193 Selbie:Hast. DB. s. v. Che:Ency. Bib. s. v. Berthol:Ezr 1:8 and reff.);—long identified with Zerub., so Be-Ry Ryle, but improbable, v. Sm:Listen 19 Kosters:Herstel 32 f. Mey:Entstehung l.c.; Mey:77 al. identify with שֶׁנְאַצַָּר 1 Ch 3:18 (against this Now:Hg 1:1, yet v. Berthol:l.c.).
[שִׁשָּׁה] v. I. שֵׁשׁ sub שׁדשׁ. p. 995
† שָׁשַׁי n. pr. m. Jew with foreign wife Ezr 10:40; Σεσ(ε)ει.
† שֵׁשַׁי n.pr.m. a son of Anaḳ (Aram. form, cf. GFM:Ju);—Nu 13:22, Jos 15:14 (both JE), Ju 1:10; Σεσ(σ)ει, Σουσαι, Σουσει.
שִׁשִּׁי, שִׁשִּׁים, שִׁשִּׁית v. I. שֵׁשׁ sub שׁדשׁ. p. 995
† שֵׁשַׁךְ n. pr. terr. = בָּבֶל (Jer Rabb. and mod.; by Atbaš (בש׳:את׳:), i.e. disguising name by substituting last letter of alphabet for first, next last for second, etc., cf. Thes);—Je 51:41 and hence (perhaps gloss) 25:26 (v. Gie).
† שֵׁשָׁן n.pr.m. in Judah, 1 Ch 2:31, 2:31 (with one son), v:34, v:34, v:35 (no sons, but daughters, cf. Benz Kit); Σωσαν[μ], LXXL Σισαν.
† שָׁשָׁק (Baer Gi; van d. H. שָׁשַׁק, שָׁשָָׁק) n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:14, 8:25; Σωκηλ, Σωιηκ, A Σωσηκ, LXXLΣισαχ (acc. to Simon. (Thes) = שַׁקְשַׁק one longed for (√ שׁקק)).
† [שָׁשֵׁר] n.[m.] red colour, vermilion (etym. unknown);—vermilion, formerly gained from kermes insect (vermiculus): מָשׁוֹחַ בַּשָּׁשַָׁר Je 22:14 (LXXμίλτος, red ochre; Targum sinopis [from city Sinopis, whence the colour came Plin:NH xxxv. [6] 13], cf. Thatcher:DB COLOURS Canney:EB1D.); חֲקֻקִים בַּשָּׁשַָׁר Ez 23:14.
[שָׁת], I. שֵׁת v. שׁית. p. 1011
II. שֵׁת v. שֵׁאת sub I. [שׁאה]. p. 981
III. שֵׁת v. II. שׁתה. below
I. שָׁתָה:217 vb. drink (NH id.; As. šatû, Eth. sataya: OAram. שתה, Aram. שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, [ܫܬܐ], ܐܶܫܬܺܝ; Sab. שתי DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 403 Hom:Chr 124);—Qal:216 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳: Ex 34:28 +, 1 s. שָׁתִ֫יתִי 1 S 1:15 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתֶּה Gn 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה 1 K 19:8, usu. וַיֵּשְׁתְּ Gn 9:21+; juss. וְיֵשְׁתְּ 1 K 13:18; 3 fs. וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Nu 20:11; 2 ms. apoc. תֵּשְׁתְּ Ju 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתְּ 1 K 13:22; 1 s. וָאֵשְׁתְּ Gn 24:46; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן Ps 78:44, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁתֵה Gn 24:14 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁתֹה Is 21:5, Je 49:12 (in 1 S 1:9 after prep., anom., Ges:§ 113 e, om. LXX Th We Dr and mod.), שָׁתוֹ Je 25:28 +, שָׁתוֹת Is 22:13 (Ges:§ 75 n); cstr. תְוֹ † Pr 31:4, שְׁתוֹת Je 35:8, 35:14, לִשְׁתּתֹ Gn 24:19 +, sf. שְׁתוֹתוֹ 1 K 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֹתָהּ Is 51:22 etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁתֶה Is 29:8 +, f. שֹׁתָה Jb 6:4, etc.;—
1. a. of man: drink, water, wine, etc., Ex 34:28 (JE), cf. 15:24 (J), 1 S 30:12, Am 2:8, 4:8, 5:11, Is 5:22, 62:8, 62:9, Pr 31:4, Ju 13:4, 13:7, 13:14 + oft. (2 t. JE; 6 t. D); by measure (short allowance) Ez 4:11, 4:16; milk † Ez 25:4, cf. Ct 5:1; blood 1 Ch 11:19 (fig. of water gained by hazard); fig. חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Jb 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of י׳:] my spirit drinks up; acc. + מִן of source † Ex 7:18 (J), v:21 (E), 15:23 (J), Pr 5:15 (fig.); acc. (of wine, water, etc.) om. Gn 24:14, 24:14, 27:25, 43:34 (all J) + 11 t. J, Ex 7:24, 17:6 (E), Nu 20:5, (JE), v:11, 33:14 (P), Ju 15:19 + oft.; acc. שׁין † 2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12; מַמְתַקִּים Ne 8:10; abs. Ec 2:24 +; + מִן of source 1 K 17:4, 17:6, Ps 110:7, מִכֹּסוֹ 2 S 12:3; בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן שׁ׳: † Am 6:6, cf. Gn 44:5; בְּיַיִן שׁ׳: † Pr 9:5; c. מִן partit. Gn 9:21, Ex 7:24, Ru 2:9, also (fig.) Je 51:7 (and Jb 21:20 infra). † b. pt. as subst. שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Ez 31:14, 31:16, שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Jo 1:5; שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר Ps 69:13. c. drink wine in sacrificial feast Dt 32:38 (poem); blood of sacrificial victim Ps 50:13 (fig. of י׳:). d. subj. animals Nu 20:19, Jon 3:7 (both + men), also (fig.) Ez 34:18, 34:19; acc. (water) om. Gn 24:19, 24:22, 30:38, 30:38. e. fig. of drinking cup of י׳:’s wrath, אֶתאכּוֹס שׁ׳: חֲמָתוֹ Is 51:17 (+ מִיַּד י׳:), cf. v:17, v:22, v. also Ez 23:32, 23:34 and (acc. om.) Je 25:16, 25:26, 25:27 + 8 t. Je, Hb 2:16; abs. Ob:16, Ob:16, Ob:16; acc. שְׁמָרִים Ps 75:9; מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי שׁ׳: Jb 21:20. † f. drink blood, fig. of slaughter, Nu 23:24 (JE; of lion, metaph. of Isr.), Zc 9:15 (read דָּמָם for הָמוּ LXX:Codd. Sta Now Marti); so (blood of י׳:’s sacrifice) Ez 39:17, 39:18, 39:19. g. fig. of wicked deeds: יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Pr 4:17 (‖לָֽחֲמוּ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע ; these are their food and drink), cf. Jb 15:16, 34:7, but Pr 26:6 appar. = suffers violence (cf. De Toy). †
2. late, = feast Est 3:15, 7:1 (cf. מִשְׁתֶּה). † Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁתֶה Lv 11:34 (P) all which is (may be) drunk, c. ב of vessel.—נִשְׁתָָּוָה Pr 27:15 v. I. שׁוה ad fin. For cause, give, to drink v. שׁקה.
† I. שְׁתִי n.[m.] drinking, drinkingbout;—Ec 10:17.
† שְׁתִיָּה n.f. drinking (mode or amount) Est 1:8.
מִשְׁתֶּה:45 n.m.:Gn 21:8
1. feast;
2. drink;—abs. מ׳: Gn 19:3 +; cstr. מִשְׁתֵּה 1 S 25:36 +; sf. מִשְׁתָּיו Dn 1:5 + (Ges:§§ 93 ss), etc.;—1. feast, banquet (occasion for drinking, drinking-bout), 1 S 25:36, 25:36, Is 5:12, Je 51:39 (fig.), Jb 1:5, Est 2:18, 5:14, 8:17, 9:19; lasting seven days Ju 14:12, 14:17 (wedding-feast, cf. Gn 29:27, and v. Benz:Arch.143; Ency. Bib. 2949 Now:Arch. i. 163); עָשָׂה מ׳: give or make a feast (sts. + ל pers.) Gn 19:3, 26:30 (both J), 21:8; 40:20 (both E), Ju 14:10, 2 S 3:20, 1 K 3:15, Est 1:3 + 8 t. Est, Jb 1:4 + 2 S 13:27, 13:27 LXX Th We Dr and mod.; מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן Est 5:6, 7:2, 7:7, בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Je 16:8, Ec 7:2, בֵּית מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן Est 7:8; יוֹם מ׳: וְשִׂמְחָה Est 9:17, 9:18, cf. v:22; of י׳:’s banquet for all peoples Is 25:6 (fig. of Messianic blessings); fig. also in תָּמִיד טוֹב־לֵב מ׳: Pr 15:15. † 2. drink (late): וָשֶׁמֶן מַאֲכָל וּמ׳: Ezr 3:7; sf. יֵין מִשְׁתָּיו Dn 1:5, 1:8; מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם v:16; מִשְׁתֵּכֶם v:10.
II. שׁתה (√ of foll.; ‖ of שׁית; = set, sit).
† III. שֵׁת n.[m.] seat (of body), buttocks (cf. NH שִׁית, Aram. ܫܰܬ foundation; cf. [שָׁת] p. 1011; Nö:M 98);—abs. שׁ׳: Is 20:4; pl. sf. שְׁתוֹתֵיהֶם 2 S 10:4.
III. שׁתה (√ of foll.; Aram. שְׁתִי, ܐܰܫܬܺܝ weave (Ju 16:13 Targum SyrVer); ܡܶܫܬܺܝܬܳܐ textura; cf. Ar. أَسْتَي, أَسْدَي, set the warp).
II. שְׁתִי:8 n.m. warp (NH id.; Ar. سَتَني, سَدَني id.);—always שׁ׳: abs.;—warp, the set of threads drawn lengthwise in loom, through which the shuttle bearing the woof (II. עֵרֶב p. 786) is thrown crosswise; Lv 13:48 + 7 t. Lv 13; cf. GFM:PAOS, Oct. 1889, cixxviii ARSK:EB WEAVING.
שָׁתוֹת v. [שָׁת] sub שׁית. p. 1011
שְׁתַּיִם v. שְׁנַיִם sub II. שׁנה. p. 1040
† [שָׁתַל] vb. transplant (NH id.; Aram. שְׁתַל, ܫܬܰܠ; Vulg. Ar. شَتْل plant, شَتْلَة slip, cutting, Dozy (loan-words ?) Thes:1488; As. šitlu appar. = shoot, slip);—Qal Pf. 1 s. שָׁתַ֫לְתִּי Ez 17:22; Impf. 1 s. sf. אֶשְׁתֳּלֶנּזּ v:23; Pt. pass. שָׁתוּל Je 17:8 = Ps 1:3, etc. (8 t.);—transplant (poet.): tree or vine, c. ב loc., Ez 17:10, 17:23, 19:13, Ps 92:14; עַל־מַיִם Ez 19:10, Je 17:8; ‖עַל־פַּלְגֵי מִיִם Ps 1:3, עַל־הַר Ez 17:22, אֶל־מַיִם v:8; לְחוֹר שְׁתוּלָה בְנָוֶהָ Ho 9:13 is corrupt LXX Che We Now (both in transl.) GASm Harper לָחַ֫יִד שָׁתוּ בָנָיו (or the like; somewhat differently Marti) Ephraim for a prey have they set his sons.
† [שָׁתִיל] n.[m.] transplanted shoot, slip;—pl. cstr. שְׁתִלֵי זֵיתִים Ps 128:3 slips of olive (in simile).
† [שָׁתַם] vb. dub.; if text correct, open (NH Aram. שׁתם open [vessel]);—only Qal Pt. pass. cstr. הַגֶּבֶר שְׁתֻם הְעָָיִן Nu 24:3, 24:15 (poems in JE) the man opened of [mental] eye, so SyrVer Ki Ew al. RVm; Vulgate Röd Ke Di al. render closed of [bodily] eye, reading then implicity שְׂתֻם (cf. סָתַם, שָׂתַם La 3:8); v. further Gray.
[שׁתן, הִשְׁתִּין] v. שִׁין. p. 1010
† [שָׁתַק] vb. be quiet (late) (NH id., be silent; Aram. שְׁתַק, שְׁתֵיק, شَوَي be quiet, silent (cf. also שׁקט));—Qal Impf. 3 ms., of sea יִשְׁתֹּק הַיָּם Jon 1:11; 1:12 (sq. מֵעַל), of quarrel, strife Pr 26:30; 3 mpl. of persons at sea, יִשְׁתָֹּקוּ Ps 107:30.
† שֵׁתָר n.pr.m. a prince of Persia Est 1:14; Σαρσαθαιος.
† [שָׁתַת] vb. set, appoint (poet.) (‖ form of שׁית Ges:§ 67 ee);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. כַּצּאֹן לִשְׁאוֹל שַׁתּוּ Ps 49:15 they have been appointed (lit. they have appointed them, indef. subj.) like a flock for Shₑ’ôl, but Gr rds. שָׁ֫חוּ (שׁוח), Bae:3 יֵחַתּוּ (נחת); שַׁתּוּ בַשָּׁמַים פִּיהֶם 73:9 (‖וּלְשׁוֹנָם תִּהֲלַח בָּאָרֶץ ) p. 1001