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ר
tag=l
content=Rēš
20th letter; = 200 in post B. Heb. רָאָה Dt. 14:13 textual error; v. דָּאָה p. 178

רָאָה:1315 vb.see (NH id.; וארא MI:4, הראני 1:7, cf. ריח spectacle l:12; Sab. ראי see, expect DHM ZMG xxix (1875), 506,599; Ar. رَأَي see, so Eth. r0ya: Targum רֵו, רֵיוָא human appearance, features, etc. (cf. Heb. רְָאִי 2)) ;—Qal:1141 Pf. 3 ms. ר׳: Gn 29:10 +, sf. וְרָֽאֲךָ consec. Ex 4:14 רָאָהוּ 2 K 2:12 +; 3 fs. רָֽאֲתָה Gn 38:14, sf. רָאָֽתְךָ Jb 42:5; 2 ms. רָאִיתָ Gn 20:10 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְהֶ 22:8 +, juss. יֵרֵא Gn 41:33 (Baer Gi, Ges:§ 75 p, hh Kö:i.561; van d.H. יֵרֶא), יִ֫רֶא Ex 5:21 +, וַיַּרְא Gn 18:2 + (1 S 19:20, read pl. LXX Comm., i.e. וַיִּרְאֻ Dr:Sm lxiii), sf. יִרְאַנִי Ex 33:20, וַיִּרְאֵָנִי 2 S 1:7; 3 fs. תִּרְאֶה Lv 20:17, Jb 33:28, juss. תֵּרֵא Mi 7:10, Zc 9:5 (Baer Gi, cf. Ges Kö supr.; van d. H תֵּרֶא), וַתֵּ֫רֶא Gn 3:6 +; 1 s. אֶרְאֶה 21:16 +, וָאֵ֫רֶא 31:10 +, etc.; Imv רְאֵה 27:27 +, etc.; Inf. abs. רָאֹה Ex 3:7 +, רָאוֹ Gn 26:28, Is 6:9; cstr. רְאֹה Gn 48:11, רְאוֹת Ex 10:28 +, רַאֲוָה Ez 28:17, etc., Pt. act. רֹאֶה 13:15 +, etc.; pass. רְאֻיוֹת (Baer Gi; van d. H. רְאֻיּוֹת) :—

1. a. see, subj. עַיִן, עֵינַיִם, c. acc. pers. Is 6:5, 30:20, Je 42:2 + 5 t. Jb Pr; subj. pers., c. acc. Gn 12:12, 12:15 + מִי רָאָהוּ 1 S 23:22, rd. הֵמְּהֵרָה LXX Th We al.. [not HPS]); רֹאִי 16:13 (pt. sf., cf. בְּאֵר לַחֵי רֹאִי v:14, .p. 91 supr.) acc. of God 32:31 (פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים); acc. pers. om. 18:2, 19:1 +; c. acc. פְּנֵי 31:2, 46:30, 48:11, Ex 33:20, opp. אֶתאֲחֹרָָי v:23; c. acc. פְּנֵי specif. of having access to man of rank Gn 43:3, 43:5 + (v. [פָּנֶה] 2 b). b. see, c. acc. rei: subj. עַיִן, עֵינַיִם Jos 24:7 (E) 1 S 24:11 (van d.H. Baer; v:10 Gi), Dt 3:21 + 5 t. Dt, +; וְעֵינָיו אֶת־עֵינָיו תִּרְאֶינָה Je 32:4, cf. 34:3; acc. om. 2 S 24:3, Dt 21:7 + 9 t. (לִרְאוֹת) 1 S 6:13 rd. לקְרָאתוֹ LXX We Dr Kit Bu HPS Now); subj. pers Gn 13:15, 31:12 + very oft.; c. acc. cogn. מַרְאֶה Ex 3:8 + 7 t., מַרְאָה Dn 10:7, 10:7, 10:8, חָזוֹן 8:15, חֶזְיֹנוֹת Jo 3:1; hence see abs.= receive revelation, Is 30:10 (‖חזה ), cf. Ez 13:3 and v. 1. רֹאֶה; c. acc. עֶרְוָה, v. ח׳:, p. 788 f.; see war, i.e. see it impending Ex 13:17 (E); אֶת־הַקּוֹתֽ וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִים ר׳: 20:18 (Gi v:15); רֹאֵי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Ec 7:11 those who see the sun = living men; acc. rei. om. Ex 22:9, 2 S 13:5 +, וָאֶרֵאֶה בֶּחָזוֹן Dn 8:2, 8:2.(abs.); וְלאֹ יִרְאוּ לאֹ יֵדְעוּ Ne 4:5; עֵינֵי רֹאִים Is 32:3, מְקוֹם רֹאִים Jb 34:26; c. adv. or adv. phr. instead of acc. rei: כָּהֵנָּה Gn 41:19 cf. Is 66:8, Ez 1:27, 1:27, כַּאֲשֶׁר 2 K 2:19, 2 Ch 29:8, 30:7, Jb 4:8, Ez 16:50, Dn 1:13, כֵּן Ps 48:9.

2. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design.: (I) + epex. cl. c. כִּי, acc. pers. Gn 6:2 saw them that they were fair, 12:4 (both J), Ex 2:2, 32:25 (both E), 1 K 11:28, acc. of face + id. Gn 31:5 (E), Ex 34:25 (P); acc. rei Gn 49:15 (poem), Is 22:9, Gn 1:4 (P), Ec 2:24, 4:4 and prob. 2 K 14:26 (rdg. כִּי מַר הוּא); (2) כָּל־הַבָּא עָלָיו וְעָמָָד ר׳: 2 S 20:12; (3) + adj. (incl. pt.), acc, pers. Gn 7:1 (J), Am 9:1, 2 S 18:10 + 39 t. (Je 46:5 del. ר׳: LXX Gie), + acc. אֲשֶׁר Ex 14:13, 14:13 (J); acc. rei, † Ex 23:5, 33:10 (both E), Dt 22:4, Ez 33:3, 33:6, Dn 1:10, 8:4, 8:6, 8:7; † (4) + מָה, acc. rei Nu 13:18 (JE), Hg 2:3; † (5) + prep. Phr., acc. pers. Ex 5:19 (J), Zc 4:10, Ec 10:7, Est 5:9; acc. rei + בִּכְבוֹדוֹ Hg 2:3, + כ pres. Je 23:13, 23:14, + כ pers. Ju 9:36, כ rei 2 S 18:27; (6) acc. pers. + adv. acc. + כ pers. Je 30:6.

3. see, so as to learn to know: c. acc. pers. Dt 33:9 (‖הִכִּיר , יַדַע); c. acc. rei Dt 1:19, 1:31, 11:2, Jb 11:11 (‖יָדַע ), Ps 16:10, 49:10; = have experience of, Je 5:12, 14:13, 20:18, 42:14, Zp 3:15, Ps 89:49, Ec 5:17, שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Ec 8:16; מָה ראית Gn 20:10 i.e.what hast thou encountered, that . . . ? Bacher:ZAW xix (1899). 345 ff.; Terminol. 177 f.

4. abs. see, have (power of) vision, Gn 27:1 (J), 48:10 (E), 1 S 3:2, 4:15, 1 K 14:4, miraculous 2 K 6:17, 6:17, 6:20, 6:20; denied of idols Dt 4:28, Ps 115:5, 135:16; fig. of spiritual vision Is 6:10, 29:18, 42:18, Je 5:2l, Dt 29:3, Ez 12:2, 12:2, Ps 40:13, 69:24; עַיִן רֹאָה Pr 20:12.—1 S 14:27 rd. Qr v. אור.

5. see = perceive: a. sq. cl. c. כִּי, Ex 3:4, 8:11, Gn 1:10, 1:12 + oft.(1 S 23:15 rd. וַיִּרָא and he feared We Dr Kit Bu HPS Now); om. כִּי (late) † La 1:10, Ps 49:11, Ec 3:16; sq. מָה of indirect question Gn 2:19 (J), 37:20 (E), Ju 9:48, Dt 32:20, Je 7:17, 33:24, Ez 8:6, Jon 4:5 +; בַּמָּה Ju 16:5 cf. 1 S 14:38, כַּמָּה Zc 2:6, Ps 35:17; sq. מִי of indirect question 1 S 14:17, Is 40:26, La 2:20 ( + הַבִּיטָה); sq. אֵי 1 S 26:16, אֵיכֹה 2 K 6:13, אֵיפֹה Je 3:2; sq. cl. c. הֲ whether, Gn 8:8, 18:21, Nu 11:23 (all J), Ex 4:18 (E), Ps 14:2, 53:3, Ct 6:11 b, Est 3:4, אִם whether Je 30:6, La 1:12, Ps 139:24, Ct 7:13, אֲשֶׁר that or how 1 S 18:l5, אֵי Ec 2:3, שֶׁ that v:13, שְׁ 3:18. b. c. acc. חָרַת נַפְשׁוֹ Gn 42:21 (i.e. saw it by out-ward signs), cf. Ho 5:13. [Note, under 5 (rarely in other cases, and only S K Je), † Imv. + ידע Imv.: דַּע וּרְאֵה 1 S 24:12, 2 S 24:13, 1 K 20:22; דְּעִי וּרְאִי 1 S 25:17, Je 2:19; דְּעוּ וּרְאוּ 1 S 12:17, 14:38, 23:22, 1 K 20:7, 2 K 5:7; in reverse order, רְאוּ וּדְעוּ 1 S 23:23, Je 5:1.]

6. look at, see, by direct volition: a. subj. men, c. acc. rei, Gn 9:22, 9:23 (J), 42:9, 42:12 (E), Lv 13:3, 13:15 +; c. acc. of land = reconnoitre Jos 2:1; look at sun, etc., for worship † Dt 4:19, Jb 31:26; = inspect 1 K 9:12, Lv 14:36, 14:36; c. acc. pers. Nu 24:20, 24:21 (JE), Ex 2:25, Lv 13:3, 13:5 (all P), 1 S 9:16 +, (1 S 19:15 HPS prop. אֶל־בֵּית for לִרְאוֹת); c. prep. אַחֲרִי רֹאִי ר׳: Gn 16:13 (J) I have looked after one seeing me (interpr. v. Di). b. subj. God, c. acc. rei Gn 9:16 (P); = inspect 11:5 (J); look at with favour, acc. pers. Jb 37:24, Ps 138:6; so perh. fig., subj. man, regard, c. acc. אָוֶן Ps 66:18 (Hup-Now; Che Bae Dr al. intend); look with pleasure (acc. om., + מִן by reason of, as a fruit of) Is 53:11 (si vera ].; ins. acc. אוֹר LXX Houb Klo Du Che:Hpt Kit [perh.], with Hiph. יַרְאֶה LXX Du Che:Hpt, rescues from travail his soul, makes it see light). c. without acc., look, take a look, etc. (of man and God; oft. + וְהִנֵּה ), Gn 8:13, 18:2, Ex 3:2, Lv 13:8, La 3:50 (מִן loc.), Gn 13:14 (מִן loc. + ה loc.), Dt 3:27, Ez 40:4, 44:5 (all בְּעֵינֶיךָ), + oft.; peculiarly, תִרְאוּ וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּ מִמֶּנִּי Ju 7:17 (cf. GFM). d. look after, see after, learn about, c. acc. rei Gn 37:14 (J), c. acc. pers. = visit (go to see) 1 S 15:35, 20:29, 2 S 13:5, 13:6, 2 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 22:6, 2 K 9:16, cf. Ez 20:28, עֵין רֹאִי Jb 7:8 (Di Bu al.). e. observe, watch, abs., 1 S 6:9, 6:16, 17:28, Ec 8:16 (‖ידע ). f. look upon = endure to see, c. acc. rei Hb 1:13 (‖הִבִּיט ). g. look out, find out, acc. pers. 2 K 9:2, Gn 41:33 (E), + ל pers. 1 S 16:17; select, acc. pers. + מִן from among 2 K 10:3, + ב among + ל pers. 1 S 16:1; provide, furnish,, c. acc. rei Dt 33:21 (poem), + ל pers. Gn 22:8 (E), cf. abs. יִרְאֶה י׳: as n.pr.loc. = י׳: seeth v:14 a (E; ? read יֵרָאֶה, cf. v:b, Niph. and Di); רְאֻיוֹת Est 2:9 looked out = suitable (as oft. NH). h. look at = concern oneself about, acc. rei (+ בְּיָדוֹ) Gn 39:23 (J).

7. of mental observation: a. Imv. see ! observe ! consider ! exclam. (nearly = הִנֵּה), sq. cl.: Gn 27:27, 31:50 see ! God is witness 39:14, 41:41, Ex 4:21, Dt 1:8 +; sq. nom. independ. 2 S 24:22 (‖ 1 Ch 21:23 sq. cl.). b. look at, i.e. inquire into, a matter, acc. rei om., of י׳:, 1 S 24:16 (Gi v:15). c. give attention to, acc. rei, Je 2:31, abs. give attention ! 2 S 13:28, 2 K 6:32, Ex 25:40, Ps 45:11; take heed to, acc. rei, 1 K 12:16 = 2 Ch 10:16; abs. take heed ! Ex 10:10, + פֶּן 2 K 10:23. d. discern, חָכְמָה לִבִּי ר׳: Ec 1:16, טוֹב ר׳: 3:13. e. distinguish, c. לְ…בֵּין: of pers. Mal 3:18. f. consider, reflect, Ec 7:14 (sq. cl. orat. rect.). †

8. a. c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest (Germ. ‘sich vertiefen in’): (I) gaze at 1 S 6:19 (on context v. We Dr HPS), so as to become acquainted with Gn 34:l (P); so as to find out Ec 3:22; inspect liver (for omens) Ez 21:26; some - what weakened = behold Jb 3:9, 2 Ch 7:3, Ps 64:9. (2) look at with kindness, of י׳:, בָּעֳנִי Gn 29:32, 1 S 1:11 ( +inf. abs.), 2 S 16:12, בַּצַּר Ps 106:44. (3) upon a spectacle causing anger Ex 2:11 (E), grief Gn 21:16 (E), 44:34, Nu 11:15 (both J), 2 K 22:20 (subj. עֵינָיִם) = 2 Ch 34:28, Est 8:6, 8:6, abhorrence Is 66:24. (4) gaze at with apprehension Ec 11:4. (5) with joy, pleasure, 2 K 10:16, Mi 7:9, Je 29:32, Is 52:8 (עַיִן בְּעַיִן, cf. Niph. Nu 14:14), Jb 20:17, 33:28, Ps 54:9, 106:5, 128:5, Ct 3:11, 6:11 a, Ec 2:1. (6) esp. with exultation, triumph = feast eyes upon, sts. gloat over (fallen enemies), Ju 16:27, Mi 7:10, Ez 28:17, Ob:12, Ob:13, Ps 22:18, 112:8, 118:7. b. c. אֶל pers. Is 17:7 (subj. עֵינַיִם; ‖שָׁעַה עַל ); עַל pers. Ex 5:21 (J); עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִםר׳: Ex 1:16 v. [אֹבֶן] and Comm., also Spiegelb:ZA xiv (June 1900), 269 ff. c. c. ל, לַלֵּבָב לַעֵינַיִם וְיוה יִר׳ :הָאָדָם יִר׳: 1 S 16:7, מִי יִרְאֶה־לָָּמוֹ Ps 64:6.—Corrupt is וּרְאִיתַנִי כְתוֹר הָאָדָם 1 Ch 17:17 (and ‖וְזאֹת תּוֹרַת הָאָדָם 2 S 7:19), read וַתַּרְאֵנִי (with other changes) We Dr Kau Bu HPS Now; Ez 12:12 read prob. Niph. LXX Hi Co Krae; Mi 6:9 read prob. יִרְאָה cf. Now GASm. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִרְאָה Gn 48:3 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יֵרָאֶה Gn 22:14 +, juss. יֵרָא Ex 34:3, Lv 9:6, וַיֵּרָא Gn 12:17 +; Is. וָאֵרָא Ex 6:3, etc.; Imv. ms. הֵרָאֵה 1 K 18:1; Inf. cstr. לְהֵרָאוֹת 1 S 17:17 +, לֵרָאוֹת Is 1:12 + 2 t., הֵרָאֹה Ju 13:21, 1 S 3:21, etc.;—1. appear, esp. a. of י׳: (God): c. אֶל pers. Gn 12:7, 12:7 + 6 t. J, Gn 35:1 (E), v:9, 48:3, Ex 6:3 (בְּאֵל שַׁדַּי, ב essent.), Lv 9:4 (all P), 1 K 3:5, 9:2, 9:2 = 2 Ch 7:12, 1 K 11:9; c. ל pers. Je 31:3, 2 Ch 1:7, 3:1 (ins. י׳: LXX Kau Kit); abs. Gn 22:l4 in the mt. where י׳: appeareth (prob., Di Sta:G i. 450 Dr: Hast. DB ii. 563; E), Nu 14:14 (JE; עַיִן בְּעַיִן, v. Is 52:8 Qal 8 a (5)), Lv 16:2 (P; ב loc. +עַל), 1 S 3:21 (ב loc.), 2 S 22:11 (עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רוּחַ; < ‖וַיֵּדֶא Ps 18:11), + 5 t.; of מַלְאַךְ י׳:, c. אֶל pers. Ex 3:2 (E), Ju 13:21; of כְּבוֹד י׳:; c. אֶל pers. Lv 9:6, 9:23, Nu 14:10 (ב loc.), 16:19, 20:6 (all P), Ju 6:12, 13:3; עַל pers. Is 60:2; abs. Ex 16:10 (ב loc.), Nu 17:7 (both P). b. appear, of man, = present oneself: c. אֶל pers. Gn 46:29 (J), Ju 13:10, 1 K 18:1, 18:2, 18:15, Lv 13:7, 13:7, 13:19, אֶל of God Ps 84:8 (ב loc.), אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאָדֹן Ex 23:17 (E); abs. Is 16:12 (del. as dittogr. Lo Du Che:HPt Marti al.); esp. (Mass.) sq. פְּנֵי(אֶת־) of י׳:, rendered appear before י׳:: so וְנִרְאָה 1 S 1:22, יֵרָאֶה Ex 34:23 (JE), Dt 16:10, וְאֵרָאֶה Ps 42:3, יֵרָאוּ Ex 23:15 (E), 34:20 (JE), Dt 16:16, לֵרָאוֹת Ex 34:24 (JE), Dt 31:11, Is 1:12; read prob. in all Qal (v. [פָּנֶה] II.2). c. appear, of things: late (Hex only P), abs. Gn 1:9, 8:5, c. ב loc. 9:14, Lv 13:14, 13:57; elsewhere poet, Ps 18:16 = 2 S 22:16, Ps 19:16, Pr 27:25 (of דֶּשֶׁא), Ct 2:12 (ב loc.; of blossoms) ; subj. מַרְאֵיהֶם Dn 1:15 ( +adj. pred.), v:13 ( +לְפָנֶיךָ); subj. חָזוֹן, c. אֶל pers. Dn 8:1, 8:1; subj. כְּנֶגַע Lv 14:35 (c. ל pers.). 2. be seen: a. subj. rei, 1 K 10:12 = 2 Ch 9:11 (where כָּהֶם subj.) Ez 19:11, of sins 21:29 (‖הִגָּלוֹת ), subj. כָּזאֹת Ju 19:30, כְּאֶבֶן etc. Ez 10:1. b. subj. pers. 2 S 17:17 ( +לָבוֹא) be seen to come. c. be seen = occur 2 K 23:24 (ב loc.); = exist, +ל pers. Ex 13:7; 13:7 (JE), Dt 16:4, cf. Ez 10:8; = be present, + ב loc. Ju 5:8, Ex 34:3 (JE). 3. be visible, Ex 33:23 (JE ; subj. י׳:’s face), אֵין אֶבֶן נִרְאָה 1 K 6:18, 8:8, 8:8 = 2 Ch 5:9, 5:9, Je 13:26, Is 47:3. PsalmPu. Pf. 3 pl. עַחְמֹתָיו לאֹ רֻאוּ Jb 33:21 (Baer Gi; d. f. Ki Kö:i. 41, 563, Mappiḳ Ges:§ 14 d; van d. H. רֻאוּ), appar. his bones are not seen, detected; De which were (formerly) not seen; Di are insignificant (‘un-scheinbar’), so Bae ; prob. corrupt, Bu נָאווּ, Du del. as doublet. PsalmHithp. recipr. look at each other: Impf. 2 mpl. לָ֫מָּה תִּתְרָאוּ Gn 42:1 (E); techn. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְרָאוּ פָנִים 2 K 14:11 = 2 Ch 25:21 and they looked each other in the face, i.e. met in combat, so 1 pl, נִתְרָאֶה פ׳: 2 K 14:8 = 2 Ch 25:17, cf. (perhaps) 2 K 23:29, where Wkl Benz conj. כְּהִתְרָאוֹת אִתּוֹ (or Niph. כְּהֵרָאוֹת אִתּוֹ) for MT כִּרְאֹתוֹ אֹתוֹ. Hiph.:62 Pf. 3 ms. הֶרְאָה Gn 41:28 +, sf. הִרְאַנִי Am 7:1 +, הֶרְאָָנִי Ez 11:25, הֶרְאָנוּ Dt 5:21, Ju 13:23, הֶרְאֱךָ Dt 4:36; 1 s. יְהַרְאֵיתִ֫י Na 3:5 (Ges:§ 53 p), sf. הֶרְאִיתִיךָ Dt 34:4, הִרְאִיתִים Is 39:4 cf. ‖ 2 K 20:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַרְאֶה Is 30:30, וַיַּרְא 2 K 11:4, sf. יַרְאֵנִי Nu 23:3, Ps 59:11; 1 s. sf. אַרְאֶךָּ Gn 12:1 +, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַרְאֵנִי Ex 33:18, etc,; Inf. cstr. הַרְאוֹת Dt 3:24 +, sf. הַרְאוֹתְכָה Ez 40:4;—1. a. cause one to see something, shew: (I) subj. man, c. acc. pers. + rei, Nu 13:26 b (JE), Ju 1:24, 1:25, 2 K 20:13, 20:13, 20:15 = Is 39:2, 39:2, 39:4 + 4 t., acc. rei om. Ez 40:4, Est 4:8, acc. refl. נַפְשׁוֹ +acc. rei Ec 2:24; מִי יַרְאֵנוּ טוֹב Ps 4:7, acc. pers. om., = exhibit Est 1:4; c. 2 acc. pers. Ju 4:22, 2 K 11:4. (2) especially subj. י׳: (God), c. acc. pers. + rei, Gn 12:1, Ex 9:16 (both J), Gn 41:28, 48:11 (both E), Ex 33:18, Dt 34:l b (both JE), Dt 3:24, 4:36, 5:21, Jos 5:6 (D), Ex 25:9 (P), Ju 13:23 + 5 t. + (of revelation to prophets) Nu 23:3 (JE), Je 38:21, Ez 11:25, also, c. acc. rei cogn., Nu 8:4 (P), acc. rei om. Dt 34:4 (JE), acc. pers. om. = exhibit, Is 30:30; of visions, י׳: subj., c. acc. pers. +כֹּה Am 7:1, 7:4, 7:7, 8:1, +כַּאֲשֶׁר Ex 27:8 (P), c. acc. pers. only = cause to see [a vision] Je 24:1; c. 2 acc. pers. + appos. 2 K 8:13, acc. pers. + cl. c. כִּי v:10. (3) subj. angel, acc. pers. + rei, of revelation to prophet Zc 2:3, 3:1; acc. pers. + cl. c. מָה Zc 1:9. b. cause, to experience something, c. acc. pers. + rei, subj. י׳:, Hb 1:3, Ps 60:5, 71:20, 85:8. 2. cause to look intently at, to behold, c. acc. pers. +ב rei (cf. Qal 8), subj. י׳:: a. cause to gaze at, with joy Ps 50:23, 91:16. b. in exultation, cause to feast one’s eyes upon, fallen enemies Ps 59:11 (cf. MI:7). c. in weakened sense, cause to behold Dt 1:33 (cf. Dr). Psalm Hoph. 1. be caused to see, be shewn: Pf. 2 ms. הָרְאֵיתָ, subj. man, acc. rei, Ex 26:30 (P; ב loc.); so Pt. מָרְאֶה 25:40 (P; ב loc.); sq. inf. אַתָּה הָרְאֵתָ לָדַעַת כִּי Dt 4:35. 2. be exhibited to, subj. rei, acc. pers., Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהָרְאָה אֶת־הַכֹּהֵן Lv 13:49 (P).

†[רָאֶה] adj. seeing, assumed by Thes al. to explain cstr. וּרְאֵה עָנְיִי Jb 10:15, but improb.; Mass. appar. intended Imv. (unsuitable); Ew al. וְרֹאֵה; Di Bu Du (after Lag Gei) רְוֵה עָֹנִי drenched (i.e. sated) with affliction.

†I. רֹאֶה n.[m.] seer, c. art. הָר׳: (exc. 2 S 15:27);—old name for נָבִיא 1 S 9:9 b, used of Sam. v:9 a, v:11, v:18, v:19 and (as archaism) 1 Ch 9:22, 26:28, 29:29; of חֲנָנִי 2 Ch 16:7, 16:10; הֲרוֹאֶה appar. of Zadok 2 S 15:27, but crpt. (conj. In We Dr); pl. (c. prep.) לָרֹאִים Is 30:10 the seers, as a class.

†II. רֹאֶה n.[m.] prophetic vision שָׁגוּ בָּר׳: Is 28:7 they reel in (their) vision (‖פָּקוּ פְּלִילִיָּת ).

†III. רֹאֶה n.pr.m 1 Ch 2:52, v. רְאָיָה infr.

†רַאֲוָה Ez 28:17 v. √Qal Inf., and 8 a (6). p. 906–08

†רְאוּת n.f. look;—cstr. רְאוּת עֵינָיו Ec 5:10 Qr (Kt ראית).

†רְאִי n.m. mirror;—מוּחָק כִּר׳: Jb 37:18 (sim.).

†רֳאִי n.[m.] looking, seeing, sight;—

1. seeing, אֵל ר׳: Gn 16:13 a a God of seeing ( =who sees).

2. appearance ( =מַרְאֶה), טוֹב רָֹאִי 1 S 16:12; מֵרָֹאִי Jb 33:21 without (healthy, fair) appearance.

3. sight, (warning-) spectacle, כְּרָֹאִי Na 3:6.—ר׳: Gn 16:13 b, Jb 7:8 is Qal Pt. sf.

ראית v. רְאוּת. above

†I. מַרְאָה n.f. vision, as means of revelation: מ׳: abs. Nu 12:6 (E), 1 S 3:l5, Dn 10:16, as acc. cogn. v:7, v:7, v:8; appar. pl. abs. מַרְאוֹת Ez 43:3, but rd. מַרְאֵה הָרֶכֶב LXX Co Berthol Siegf Krae, or del. Toy Krae (as altern.); cstr. מַרְאוֹת הַלַּיְלָה Gn 46:2 (E), מַרְאוֹת אֱלֹהִים Ez 1:1, 8:3, 40:2.

†II. [מַרְאָה] n.f. mirror (so Vrss; as place, or instrument, of seeing (oneself));—pl. cstr. מַרְאֹת הַצֹּבְאֹת Ex 38:8 (P) the mirrors of the serving-women (v. Di).

מַרְאֶה:102 n.m.: Ex 3:3 sight, appearance, vision;—מ׳: abs. Gn 12:11 +; cstr. מַרְאֵה Dt 28:34 +; sf. מַרְאֵהוּ Jo 2:4 +, מַרְאֶהָ Lv 13:4 +; appar. pl. cstr. מַרְאֵי Ec 11:9 (Kö:ii. 1, 112), sf. (prob. in fact sg. Ges:93 ss) מַרְאַיִח Ct 2:14, 2:14, מַרְאֵיהֶן Na 2:5 +, etc.;—

1. Psalm a. sight, phenomenon, spectacle Ex 3:3 (J). b. appearance נֶחְמָד לְמ׳: Gn 2:9 (J) desirable in appearance, גָּדוֹל לְמ׳: Jos 22:10; appearance of man (or woman), Ju 13:6, 13:6 (angel), Is 52:14 (servant of י׳:), Ct 5:15, Dn 8:15, 10:18; = outward person (opp. inner man) 1 S 16:7; visible form Ct 2:14, 2:14, Dn 1:13, 1:13, 1:15; בְּמ׳: Nu 12:8 (E; so rd. Sam LXX SyrVer Targum Di, for MT מַרְאֶה), i.e. in personal presence ( < Ew Pat:Hpt לֹא בְמ׳:); כְּמַרְאֵה סוּסִים מַרְאֵהוּ Jo 2:4; of crocod. Jb 41:2; כְּבוֹד י׳ :מ׳: Ex 24:17 (P), הַנֶּגַע מ׳: Lv 13:3, ־אֵשׁמ׳: Nu 9:15, 9:16, בָּרָק מ׳: Dn 10:6 +; esp. Ez appearance pers. vel rei (27 t., sts. redundant), 1:5, 1:13, 1:26, 8:2, 10:1 +, מָתְנָיו מִמּ׳: 1:27, 1:27, 8:2 (‖מִמָּתְנָיו ) of beauty וִיפֵה מַרְאֶה fair of appearance Gn 39:6 (J; +יְפֵה־תֹאַר), cf. 1 S 17:42 (rd. עֶלֶם [q. v.] for עִם); fem. יְפַת־מ׳ :(אִשָּׁה) Gn 12:11 (J), 29:17 (E; +יְפַת תּאַֹר), 2 S 14:27; of kine מ׳:(הַ)יְפוֹת Gn 41:2, 41:4 (E), opp. מ׳:(הַ)רָעוֹת v:3; v:4, מַרְאֵיהֶן רַע v:21(all E); of women also טֹבַת מ׳: Gn 24:16, 26:7 (both J), 2 S 11:2, Est 1:11, 2:3, 2:7, טוֹבוֹת מ׳: 2:2; of boys טוֹבֵי מ׳: Dn 1:4, cf. מ׳: alone in וְנֶחְמְדֵהוּ לאֹ־מ׳: (of suffering servant of י׳:) Is 53:2; אִישׁ מ׳:2 S 23:21 (but rd. as ‖ 1 Ch 11:23 אִישׁ מִדָּה We Dr al.).

†c. appearance, sight, vision Nu 8:4 (P). †

2. in gen. what is seen, עֵינָיו מ׳: Is 11:3 i.e. what his outward eyes see (cf. 1 S 16:7 1 b), עֵינֶיהָ לִמ׳: Ez 23:16, עְינֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶהמ׳: Dt 28:34, 28:67, לְכָל־מ׳: עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵן Lv 13:12 (P). †

3. specif. a. (supernat.) vision (in Ez Dn; oft. acc. cogn. c. ראה): Ez 8:4, 11:24, 43:3, 43:3, 43:3, rd. also מַרְאֵה הָרֶכֶב v:3 (for מַרְאוֹת v. 1. מַרְאָה supr.); בַּמּ׳: 11:24; Dn 8:16, 8:27, 9:23, 10:1; מ׳: הָעֶרֶב וְהַבֹּקֶר 8:26. †

4. sight, vision = power of seeing (and enjoying), late: עֵינַיִם מ׳: Ec 6:9, הַלֵךְ בְּדַרְּכֵי לִבְּךָ וּבְמַרְאֵי עֵינֶיךָ 11:9.

†יִרְאִיָּיה n.pr.m. (rd. יִרְאִיָּה; י׳: seeth);—officer, Jeremiah’s time, Je 37:13, 37:14, Σαρουια(ς).

†רְאָיָה n.pr.m. (י׳: hath seen);—

1. Judaite 1 Ch 4:2 (Ραδα), A Ρεια, LXXL Ρεαα), = III. הָרֹאֶה 2:52 (crpt.; Αια, A Αραα)

2. Reubenite 1 Ch 5:5, Ρηχα, LXXL Ραια)

3. post-ex. name Ezr 2:47 (Ρεηλ, A LXXL Ραια) = Ne 7:50 (Ραεα, A LXXL Ρααια).

רְאוּבֵן:71 n.pr.m. Reuben, Ρουβην[ιν] (be-hold a son! but Gn 29:32 makes = רָאָה בְּעָנְיִי (!); Jos:Ant. i. 19, 7 al. Ρουβηλος, SyrVer ܪܽܘܒܺܝܠ, ר׳: then perh. = Ar. رِيبَالُ, lion, cf. Di);—

1. eldest son of Jacob and Leah Gn 29:32, 30:14 + 11 t. Gn, Ex 1:2, 1 Ch 2:1; as head of family or clan Ex 6:14, 6:14, Nu 1:20, 26:5 (all P), 1 Ch 5:1, 5:3, cf. בְּנֵי אֱלִיאָב בֶּן־רְא׳: Dt 11:6.

2. as name of clan or tribe Ju 5:15, 5:16, Dt 27:13, Jos 18:7 ( +גָּד; both D), Dt 33:6 (poem), Ez 48:6, 48:7, 48:31, Nu 1:5 (P); so מַטֵּה ר׳: Nu 1:21, 13:4, Jos 20:8, 21:7 (all P), 1 Ch 6:48, 6:63, מַחֲנֵה ר׳: Nu 2:10, 2:16, 10:18 (all P); בְּנֵי ר׳:, as tribe, Nu 16:1 b 32:37 (both JE), 2:10, 7:20, 26:5, Jos 13:23, 13:23 (all P), also (+ Gad and oft. Manasseh) Nu 32:1, 32:2, 32:6, 32:25 (JE), Jos 4:12 (D), Nu 32:29, 32:31, 32:33, Jos 22:9 + 11 t. 22 (all P), cf. 1 Ch 5:18; בֶּן־ר׳: as tribe Jos 15:6, 18:7 (both P), מַטֵּה בְנֵי־ ר׳: 13:15 (P).

†רְאוּבֵנִי adj. gent. of foreg.; of individ. 1 Ch 11:42 a; c. art. as subst. coll. הָרֽאוּבֵנִי Nu 26:7, 34:14 (both P), Jos 13:8 (D; +הַגָּדִי), 2 K 10:33 ( +id. +הַמְנַשִּׁי), 1 Ch 12:38 (van d. H. v:37; +הַגָּדִי +חֲחִי שֵׁבֶט מְנַשֶּׁה), 26:32 (id.); לָרֽאוּבֵנִי 1 Ch 5:6, 27:16, +וְלַגָּדִי (+sts. חֲחִי שֵׁבֶט מ׳:) Dt 3:12, 3:16, 29:7, Jos 1:12, 12:6, 22:1 (all D), 1 Ch 5:26, cf. Dt 4:43.

ראות, רְאִי, רֳאִי, רְאָיָה, רְאִית v. ראה. p. 909

רְאֵים v. רְאֵם ראישׁון v. רִאשׁוֹן. p. 911, below

†[רָאַם] vb. (Mass Thes al.) rise (si vera l., ‖ form of רום);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. רָאֲֽמָה Zc 14:10, but < rd. רָאמָה = רָ֫מָה (√רום), Ges:§ 72 p.

†רְאֵם n.m.: Jb 39:10 wild ox (As. rêmu Dl:HWB 603 (ראם), Houghton:TSBA v (1877). 336 ff., and illustr. bef. p. 33 Schr:KGF 135 ff., 530 Hom: NS 237 ff., 410, 436 f. Dr:Dt 33:17; on strength and ferocity, Plin:NH viii. 21; Aram. רְאֵמָא, רֵימָא, רֵימָנָא ܪܰܝܡܳܐ (Lag:BN 58); Ar. رَأْمَةُ is white antelope, antilope leucoryx; LXX (erron.) μονοκέρως (Is 34:7 ἅδροι, Vulgate unicornis, and (oftener) rhinoceros);—abs. ר׳: Nu 23:22 +, רְאֵים Ps 92:11, רֵים Jb 39:9, 39:10; pl. רְאֵמִים Is 34:7, Ps 29:6, רֵמִים 22:22 (v. Baer);—wild ox, as fierce and strong Jb 39:9, 39:10; sim. of strength of Isr., לוֹ כְּתוֹעֲפוֹת ר׳: Nu 23:22 = 24:8 (JE), וַתָּרֶם כִּרְאֵם קַרְנִי Ps 92:11; so fig. of Joseph, קַרְנַיו קַרְנֵי ר׳: Dt 33:17; fig. of princes of Edom Is 347 ( +פָּרִים עִם אַבִּירִים); of powerful foes, מִקַּרְנֵי רֵמִים Ps 22:22; in sim. of skipping, leaping, בֶּן־רְאֵמִים Ps 29:6 (‖עֵגֶּל ).

†רְאוּמָה n.pr.f. concubine of Nahor Gn 22:23 (J); A Ρεηρα, LXXL Ρεημα.

†I. רָאמוֹת n.[f.pl.] usu. corals (so Ki; black corals Thes (פְּנִינִים = red corals); cf. Ar. رَأْسُ, sea-shell, We:Heid. 2. 163);—as costly Jb 28:18, as merchandise, רָאמֹת Ez 27:16;—רָאמוֹת לֶאֱוִיל חָכְמוֹת Pr 24:7, reading and sense dub., v. Toy.

רָֽאֲמָה, II. רָאמוֹת, רָאמַת v. רום, II. רמה. above, p. 728, 926, 928

רָאשׁ poor, רֵאשׁ poverty, v. רושׁ. P.930

I. רֹאשׁ:599 n.m.:Lv 13:45 head (common Sem. word; earliest form *ra’š, Ar. r0s:, Sab. ראס Prä:ZMG xxix (1875). 425 Mordtm:Him.Inschr. 31; Eth. r4s: Amh. hence (a heightened) As. rêšu (rarely râšu), Aram. רֵישָׁא (Egypt. Aram. ראש Cooke:North-Sem. Inscr. 404), ܪܺܝܫܳܐ, mod. (Ma‘lûla) raïša, Huart:JAs xii (1878), 491 Duval:id. xiii(1879), 464; Palm. רשא, Lzb:366, cf. BH רִישׁוֹן, רֵאשִׁית; fr.*ra’š, also BH *רָאשׁ, ראֹשׁ (Lag:Symm. i. 113), Tel Am. rušu(nu) Wkl:189, 18 (gloss to ḳaḳḳadunu), NH = BH; SI:6 ראש, Ph. רשׁ, ראש (in n.pr.), Pun. rus (in n.pr. loc.) Schröd:Ph. Spr.133, ראשת choicest, chief; on MI:20 (sf.) רשה, l.:28 ש[ר], cf. Sm. u. So:14 Nö:LCB Jan. 8, 1887, 60);—ר׳: abs. Gn 3:15 +, cstr. 40:20 +; sf. ראֹשִׁי v:16 +, etc.; pl. רָאשִׁים (for *רְאָשִׁים Nö:GGA 1884, 1019) Ex 18:25 +; cstr. רָאשֵׁי Ho 7:13 + [מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵי 1 S 26:12 v. מְרַאֲשׁוֹת infr.]; sf. רָאשֵׁינוּ 1 Ch 12:19, רָאשֵׁיכֶם Is 29:10 +, etc,;—

1. a. (c. 230 t.) head, of human being; man Gn 40:16, 40:17. + oft., גֶּבֶר לְר׳: Ju 5:30 for the head of a man, i.e. for each man, per capita; woman 2 K 9:30, Dt 21:12, Nu 5:18, Est 2:17; boy 2 K 4:19, 4:19, Gn 48:14, 48:14 +; of י׳:, under fig. of armed man Ps 60:9 = 108:9; of idol 1 S 5:4; of gates, personif. Ps 24:7, 24:9. b. head, of animals: of serpent Gn 3:15, dog 2 S 3:8, ass 2 K 6:25, of הַחַיָּה in Ez 1:22 cf. v:22, v:26, of הַכְּרֻבִים 10:1 cf. v:11; of sea-monsters, לִוְיָתָן Jb 40:31, Ps 74:14, תַּנִּינִים v:13; esp. of animals for sacrifice Ex 12:9, 29:15, 29:19, Lv 1:4, 1:8, 1:12, 1:15, 3:2, 3:8 + 18 t. P; in phr. וְזָנָב ר׳: Is 9:13 (fig. of noble and commoner) cf. v:14, 19:15, so (fig. of relative dignity, power, influence) Dt 28:13, 28:44.

2. a. top (88 t.): of mt., הַר, Gn 8:5, Ex 19:20, 19:20, 24:17, 34:2 + 34 t.; hill, גִּבְעָה, Ex 17:9, 17:10 (E), 2 S 8:25; מְרוֹמִים ר׳: Pr 8:2 + 1:21 Toy (for MT הֹמִיּוֹת), גֵּיא ר׳: שְׁמָנִים Is 28:1, 28:4; of rocks, חֻרִים, Nu 23:9 (JE), crag, סֶלַע, 2 Ch 25:12, 25:12; tower Gn 11:4 (J), stronghold Ju 6:26, ladder Gn 28:12 (E), tree 2 S 5:24 = 1 Ch 14:15, bough Is 17:6 cf. Ez 17:4, 17:22, mast (?; חִבֵּל) Pr 23:34 (otherwise Toy); of ears of grain, שִׁבֹּלֶת Jb 24:24, of stone Gn 28:18 (E), bed, מִטָּה, 47:31 (J), throne, עָגוֹל לַכִּסֵּהר׳: 1 K 10:19, tabern., or its wall, Ex 26:24 = 36:29 (P); pillar ( =capital) 1 K 7:16, 7:17 + 13: t., מְכוֹנָה v:35, v:35, lampstand Zc 4:2, 4:2, h.p.’s robe, מְעִיל, Ex 28:32 (P), פִּנָּה ר׳: Ps 118:22 top of (the) corner, i.e. most conspicuous stone (fig.); = tip, end, of staves 1 K 8:8= 2 Ch 5:9, of sceptre Est 5:2. b. height of stars Jb 22:l2 (‖גֹּבַהּ שָׁמַיִם ).

3.: 171 a. head = chief (man) Ju 10:18, 11:8, 11:9, 11:11, Ex 18:25 (E), Nu 1:16 (P), Dt 1:15, Ho 2:2, Mi 3:1 + oft.; appar. combined with idea of first in a series 1 Ch 12:10. (van d. H. v:9, series of 11); of God 2 Ch 13:12. † b. = chief (city) Jos 11:10 (D), cf. (of city and king) Is 7:3, 7:8, 7:9, 7:9. † c. chief nation Je 31:7. † d. =chief (place, position) 1 S 9:22, 1 K 21:9, 21:12, Dt 20:9, 1 Ch 4:42 (cf. also 5). e. הָראֹשׁ chief priest 2 K 25:18= Je 52:24, 2 Ch 19:11, 24:11, 26:20, הַכֹּחֵן ראֹשׁ 1 Ch 27:5, הָר׳ :הַכּ׳: 2 Ch 31:10, Ezr 7:5; י׳: alone 2 Ch 24:6; רָאשֵׁי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ne 12:7. f. esp. = head of a family (P Chr); רָאשֵׁי בֵּית (rare ראֹשׁ) (ם)אֲבוֹתָ ) Ex 6:14, Nu 7:2, 17:18, Jos 22:14, 1 Ch 5:24, 7:7, 7:9; בֵּית הָאָבוֹת ר׳: v:40; לְבֵית אֲבֹתָיו ר׳: Nu 1:4, cf. 1 Ch 5:15, 5:24, 7:2, 9:13, 24:4; אֻמּוֹת בַּית־אָב ר׳: Nu 25:15; אֲבוֹת ר׳: הָעַדָה 31:26 cf. 32:28, Jos 14:1, 21:1; אֲבוֹת הַלְוִיִּם ר׳: Ex 6:25, Jos 21:1; אָבוֹת לַלְּוִיִם(הָ) ר׳: 1 Ch 9:33, 9:34, 15:12, cf. Nu 36:1, Jos 19:51, 1 Ch 8:6, 8:13, 23:9, 23:24 + 10 t. Chr.; abs. ר׳: אָבוֹת(הָ) 1 Ch 8:10, 8:28, 9:9, 26:32, 27:1, 2 Ch 1:2 + 8 t. Ezr Ne (Chr); אֲכֹתֵיהֶם ר׳: Ezr 8:1; רָאשִׁים לְאָכוֹת Ne 11:13; so also י׳: alone 1 Ch 5:7, 5:12, 7:3, 8:28 +; appar. combined with idea of first in a series 23:8 (series of 3), v:11 (of 4), v:19 (of 3), v:20 (of 2). †

4. a. head=front, leader’s place Mi 2:13, 2 Ch 20:27, cf. Am 6:7. b. of time, beginning, of night-watch Ju 7:19, La 2:19; abs. מֵראֹשׁ from the beginning Is 40:21, 41:4, 41:26 (‖מִלְּפָנִים), 48:16, Pr 8:23 (‖מֵעוֹלָם ),. Ec 3:11 (‖עַד־סוֹף ); first of months Ex 12:2 (‖רִאשׁוֹן ), Nu 10:10, 28:11 (all P); בָּראֹשׁ 1 Ch 16:7 at first. c. of things, river-heads Gn 2:10 (J); עַפְרוֹת תֵּכֵל ר׳: Pr 8:26.

5. chief, choicest, best, of spices, (ים)כשׂמ, Ez 27:22, Ex 30:23 (P), Ct 4:14; שִׂמְחָתִי ר׳: Ps 137:6 the choicest of my joy. †

6. head = division of army, company, band : Ju 7:16, 7:20, 9:34, 9:37, 9:43, 9:44, 9:44, 1 S 11:11, 13:17, 13:17, 13:18, 13:18, Jb 1:17.

7. =sum, esp. in phr. בְּנֵי־יִשׂ׳ :נָשָׂא אֶת־ר׳: Ex 30:12take the sum of, enumerate, cf. Nu 1:2, 1:49, 4:2, 4:22, 26:2, 31:26, 31:49; בְּראֹשׁוֹ Lv 5:24 in its sum, i.e. in full, so Nu 5:7 (all P) ; of י׳:’s thoughts Ps 139:17; cf. ראֹשׁ דְּבָֽרְךָ אֱמֶת119:160.

8. other phr. are : נָשָׂא אֶת־ראֹשׁ פ׳: v. נָשָׂא Qal 1 b (2); יָרוּם ראֹשִׁי עַל־אֹיְבַי Ps 27:6, מֵרִים ראֹשִׁי י׳: 3:4 (Ps 110:7, 140:10 v. רום); shake the head, v. נוּעַ Hiph., cf. יָנִיד בְּראֹשׁוֹ Je 8:16, מְנוֹד ראֹשׁ Ps 44:15; נָתַן דֶּרֶךְ בְּראֹשׁ, i.e. requite, v. נתן Qal 2 b ad fin.; יָשׁוּב גְּמֻלְךָ בְּר׳: Ob:15, cf. Ps 7:17, 1 K 2:33 (sub דָּם 2 i and (c. עַל־ר׳:) Est 9:25, הֵשִׁיב רָעָה בְּראֹשׁ Ju 9:57, 1 S 25:39, 1 K 2:44, cf. Jo 4:4, 4:7, 1 K 2:32 (sub דָּם 2 i, cf. Ne 3:36 (אֶל־ראֹשָׁם), v. also 2 S 3:29 sub 1. חוּל 3; see, further, דָּם 2 i; Dn 1:10 v. חוּב Pi.

† [רִאשָׁה] n.f. beginning-time, early time;—pl. sf. רִאשֹׁתֵי כֶם Ez 36:11 (cf. ראֹשׁ 4 b).

† ראֹשָׁה n.f. top;—appos. הָאֶבֶן הָר׳: Zc 4:7 i.e. the topmost stone.

רִאשׁוֹן :182 adj. former, first, chief (i heightened fr. orig. a, v. √);—abs. ר׳: Ho 2:19 + , שֹׁן- - Ex 12:15 + , רִישׁוֹן Jb 8:8, cstr. רִאשׁוֹן Jb 15:7 Qr (Kt ראישון and so always Cod. Sam. Pent., v. Kö:ii. 1, 225 n); f. רִאשֹׁנָה Ju 20:37 + (Jos 21:10 Kt ראישנה v. supr.); mpl. רִאשֹׁנִים Ex 34:1 +, fpl. רִאשֹׁנוֹת Is 41:22 +, etc.;—

1. former: a. in time, former of two Gn 25:25 (J), 41:20 (E), Dt 10:1, 10:2, 10:3, 10:4, 10:10, 24:4, cf. Ho 2:9, Lv 4:21, 9:15 (both P), Ju 20:39, 2 K 1:14, Hg 2:3, 2:9, Ezr 3:12 +; more gen. former, previous, Nu 21:26 (JE), Mi 4:8, 2 K 17:34, 17:40, Zc 1:4, 7:7, 7:12, 8:11, Ne 5:15, Ec 17:10, Ps 79:8 +; כָּעֵת הָ ר׳: Is 8:23; דִּבְרֵי דויד הָ ר׳: † 1 Ch 29:29 the doings of David, the former and the latter (הָאַחֲדֹנִים), cf. † 2 Ch 9:29, 12:15, 16:11, 20:34, 25:26, 26:22, 28:26, 35:27; early days of harvest 2 S 21:9; רִאשֹׁנִים as subst., former persons, ancestors, men of old, Dt 19:14, Lv 26:45 (H), Ec 1:11 (opp. אַחֲרֹנִים); רִאשֹׁנוֹת(תָ) as subst. the former things, i.e. past events Is 41:22, 43:9, 43:18, 46:9, 48:3, earlier predictions 42:9. b. loc., foremost, of two 2 S 18:27. 2 first: a. in time, הַמַּכָּה הָ ר׳: 1 S 14:14 the first slaughter (prelim. to general carnage); וְלאֹ־הָיָה דְּבָרִי ר׳: 2 S 19:44 was not my word first? ר׳: in appos. with pers. subj. † 2 S 19:21 I am come as first, cf. perh. Is 41:27 (ins. אָמַרְתִּי Ges De < read הִגַּדְתִּים for הִנֵּה הִנָּם Che:Hpt KitLDi), and הָ ר׳: Je 50:17 (opp. הָאַחֲרוֹן), Is 43:27; ר׳: abs., first of mankind Jb 15:17; abs. of י׳:, I (an the) first Is 41:4 (+אֶת־ אַחֲדֹנִים), + אַחְרוֹן 44:6, 48:12; abs. of time, מֵרִאשׁוֹן Je 17:12 from the beginning; esp. first of a def. series (sts. opp. אַחֲרוֹן). first day of feast Dt 16:4, Ex 12:15, 12:15, 12:16 + 5 t. P (H), Ne 8:18, usu, first month (חֹרֶשׁ) Ex 40:2, 40:17, Lv 23:5 + 6 t. P, 1 Ch 12:16 (van d. H. v:15) + 10 t. Ch Ezr, Est 3:7, Dn 10:4, חֹדֶשׁ om. Gn 8:13, Ex 12:2, 12:18, Nu 9:5 (all P) Ez 29:17, 30:20, 45:18, 45:21, so Jo 2:23, but rd. כָּרִאשׁוֹנָה (3 a) LXX SyrVer We Now and Dr. b. first in degree, chief: יַד רִאשׁוֹנָה…הַשָּׂרִים: Ezr 9:2 the hand of the princes ... has been first inthis trespass; 1 Ch 18:17, Dn 10:13 (Ch. Est 1:14 infr.). † 3. a. fem. c. pre;. as adv. phr.: (1) of time, בָּרִאשֹׁנָה Gn 13:4 (J), = before, formerly, so Jos 8:5, 8:6 (JE), 2 S 7:10, 20:18, Je 7:12, Is 52:4, לָר׳: = before, formerly, Gn 28:19 (J), Ju 18:29; so כְּבָר׳: as formerly Ju 20:32, 1 K 13:6, Is 1:26, Je 33:7, 33:11, = כָּ ר׳: Dt 9:15, Dn 11:29 (opp. כָּאַחֲרוֹנָה); בָּר = at first, first of all, Dt 13:10, 17:7, Nu 10:13 (P) Jos 8:33 (D), 1 K 17:13, 20:9, Zc 12:7, Pr 20:21 (opp. אַחֲרִיתָהּ), 1 Ch 11:6, 11:6, 17:9, Ne 7:5; לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֹנָה 1 Ch 15:13 (= לְמַה־בָּר׳:) for what was at first, etc. (מָךְ 1 e); (2) loc., בָּר׳: i.e. at the head of an army 1 K 20:17, a procession Nu 10:14 (P), cf. Is 60:9. b. רִאשֹׁנָה alone as adv.: (1) of time first Gn 38:28 (J), 1 K 18:25, Je 16:18, Lv 5:8, Nu 2:9, Jos 21:10 (all P), Is 65:7 (Ew De Che Di Du Skinner, >adj. Ges Hi Kn); (2) of place Gn 33:2 (J); (3) of degree, rank, Est 1:14.

† [רִאשֹׁנִי] adj. first ;—fs. הַשָּׁנָה הָרִאשֹׁנִית Je 25:1 the first year; but rd נָה-, Gie Du Kö:ii.1,225.

רַאֲשׁוֹת 1 S 26:12 v. מְרַאֲשׁוֹת infr.

† [רֵאשִׁית] n.f. beginning, chief (for *רְאֵשִׁית Nö:GGA 1884, 1019, cf. Holz:Hex 465; Syr. ܪܺܝܫܺܝܬܳܐ);—abs. ר׳: Dt 33:21+, cstr. ר׳: Gn 10:10+, רֵשִׁית Dt 11:12; sf. רֵאשִׁיתוֹ Ec 7:8, רֵאשִׁתוֹ Jb 42:12, etc.;—1.a beginning of kingdom Gn 10:10 (J), year Dt 11:12, reign Je 26:1, 27:1, 28:1, 49:34; = first phase, step, or element in course of events Is 46:10 (opp. אַחֲרִית); of a thing (דָּבָר) Ec 7:8 (opp. id.); of sin Mi 1:13, strife Pr 17:14, wisdom Ps 111:10, knowledge Pr 1:7 thy beginning Jb 8:7 = thine early life so his beginning 42:12 (both opp.אַחֲרִית), ר׳: before cl., בָּרָא א׳ :בְּר׳: Gn 1:1 in the beginning when god created (> abs. in the beginning God created); אֹנִי ר׳: 49:3 (poem) beginning (first product) of my manly vigour (‖בְּכֹרִי כֹּחִי so Dt 21:17, Ps 78:51 (both ‖בְּכוֹת 105:36; cf. דֵּרְכֵי אֵל ר׳: Jb 40:19 (of hippopot.), דַּרְכּוֹ ר׳: Pr 8:22 (of wisdom);=first season (of a tree) Ho 9:10; גּוֹיִם ר׳: Nu 24:20 (JE), first, earliest, of nations. b. first of fruits Ex 23:19 (E), 34:26 (JE), Dt 26:2, 26:10, Ez 44:30.a, of harvest Lv 23:10 (H), grain Dt 18:4, 2 Ch 31:5 dough Nu 15:20, 15:21 (P), Ez 44:30 b, Ne 10:38, wool Dt 18:4; of כָּל־תְּבוּאָתֶָךָ Pr 3:9; Israel is תְּבוּאָתֹה ר׳: Je 2:3 (i.e. of י׳:s increase); ר׳:=first-fruits Lv 2:12 (P), Nu 18:12 (P), Ne 12:44; הָאָרֶץ ר׳: Ez 48:14 2. first chief, Am 6:1; גְּבוּרָתָם ר׳: Je 49:35 (of bows); so appar. בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן ר׳: Dn 11:41, i.e. the principal part of them (Buhl Marti conj. שְׁאֵרִית after SyrVer); מַשְׁאוֹתֵיכֶם ר׳: Ez 20:40, i.e. your chief oblations; שְׁמָנִים ר׳: Am 6:6, i.e. choice oils ; = choice part, of land Dt 33:21, offering 1 S 2:29, הַחֵרֶם 15:21; abs. chief thing Pr 4:7 (of wisdom).

מָרֵאשָׁה, מָרֵשָׁה n.pr.loc. v. p.601.

† [מְרַאֲשׁוֹת] n.[f]pl. denom place at the head, head-place;—only sf. מְרַאֲשֹׁתָיו as adv. at his head-place (of one lying down) Gn 28:11, 28:18 (E), 1 S 19:13, 19:16, 1 K 19:6; so Qr 1 S 26:7, 26:11, 26:16; (Kt מראשׁתו); in v:12 read מִמְּרַאֲשֹׁתָיו LXX. We Dr HPS, for MT מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵי שָׁאוּל, מַרְאֲשׁוֹתֵיכֶם Je 13:18 (head-tires AV:m RV), rd. מַרְאשֵׁיכֶם, Je 13:8 (head-tiresAV:m RV), rd. מֵרָאשֵׁיכֶם from your heads, LXX. SyrVer Targum Gie Buhl Co:Hpt (cf., already, Thes).

† II ראֹשׁ and († Dt 32:32) רוֹשׁ n.m.:Dt 32:33 a bitter and poisonous herb, them venom, alw. fig.;—

1. a bitter and poisonous herb, + (or ‖) לַעֲנָה Dt 29:17, La 3:19, so (מֵי ראֹשׁ) Je 9:14, 23:15; מֵי ר׳: (without ל׳:) 8:14; עִנְּכֵי־רוֹשׁ Dt 22:32 (‖מְרֹרֹת ); ראֹשׁ וּתְלָאָה La 3:5; ר׳: alone Ps 69:22, מִשְׁפָּטוּפָּרַח כָּראֹשׁ Ho 10:4, מִשְׁפָּט הְפַכְתֶּם לר׳: Am 6:12.

2. venom, of serpents, פְּתָנִים ר׳: Dt 32:33, Jb 20:16.

† III. ראֹשׁ n.m. son of Benj.;—Gn 46:21, Ρως.

† IV. ראֹשׁ n.pr.gent Rôsh (so LXX. and most;> chief Ew Sm al. (Vulgate principem capitis mosoch);—only in phr. נְשִׁיא ראֹשׁ (אֶרֶץ מָגוֹג) גּוֹג מֶשֶׁךְ וְתֻכָָל Ez 38:2, 38:3, 39:1, Ρως; not identified.

I,II. רַב רֹב v. I. רבב III. רב v. II. רבב p.912f,914 רִב v. ריב p.936

† I. [רָבַב] vb. be or become, many, much (NH רַב esp. lord, master, רַבִּי my master teacher; MI:5 adj. pl. רבן; Ph רב f. רבת; As. [rabâbu], rabbu; Ar. رَبَّ rear, increase (act.; رُبُّ thick juice, cf. NH רְבָב grease is thought by Buhl al. to indicate original mng. be thick), رَبُّ lord, owner, master; Sab. רב esp. in n. pr., רבאל, רבבם רבשמסם, etc., CIS:iv,nos-285. 3; 286,1; 287,12, etc.; Lihy. רבה its lord DHM:Epigr.Denkm.Ar.232; Eth rababa: expund, spread (intrans.); Aram. רַב ܪܰܒ great, chief, so OAram. Nab. Palm. רב, LZb:366 Cook:107);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְרַבָּה Ex 23:29, Is 6:12, רָָבָּה Gn 18:20 (Ho 9:7 rd. וְרֹב הַמּשְׂטֵמָה [for MT וְרַבָּה מ׳:] LXX. We Now); elsewh. only 3 pl. רַבּוּ 1 S 25:10+, רָָבּוּ Je 46:23+2 t. [other forms supplied by רבה q.v.]; Inf.cstr רֹב Gn 6:1, Jos 9:13, Lv 25:16 (‖מְעֹט ), sf. רֻבְּכֶם Dt 7:7, and perh. רֻבָּם Ho 4:7 (cf. רֹב infr.);—

1. be (become) many, pers. Gn 6:1 (J) Ex 23:29 (E; v.supr.), 1 S 25:10, Ho 4:7 (perh.), Is 66:16, Ps 3:2, 25:19, 38:20, Ec 5:10+ מִן comp. Je 46:23, Dt 7:7, Ps 69:5; of things Is 22:9, Ps 4:8, 104:24, years Lv 25:16(P), sins Je 5:6, 14:7, Is 59:12, Jb 35:6 .

2. become great, Gn 18:20 (J) Is 6:12; be long, of journey, Jos 9:13—Pu. v. [רָבַב] denom p.914, 1127

I. רַב:429 adj much; many, great;—ms. abs. ר׳: Gn 24:25+, רָָב Gn 33:9+, also רֶָב 2 Ch 20:2 ב֖ 28:8, רָב» Ezr 10:13, etc.; cstr. תַב Ex 34:6 +; fs. רַבָּה Nu 11:33 +; cstr. רַבַּת Ez 22:5 + רַבָּ֫תִי (Ges: §90 k l) La 1:1, 1:1; mpl. abs. רַבִּים Ex 23:2, 23:2+, cstr. v. II. רַב; fpl. abs. רַבּוֹת Gn 30:43 + ;—[often both as pred. and as attrib.; as attrib. preceding n. (infl. of usage for numerals ? Kö:Synt.§334 k Ges:§ 132 b): רַב Is 63:7, Ps 145:7 (but read prob. רֹב, רָב־; in Is 21:7 ר׳: is pred.), רַבּים Je 16:16, Ps 32:10, 89:51 (on context Bö:NÄ Bae, also Hup), Pr 7:26, 1 Ch 28:5, רַבּוֹת Ne 9:28, Pr 31:29];—

1. (oft. opp. מְעַט) a. (1)much: of substances, gold 1 K 10:2, Ps 19:11, silver (money) 2 K 12:11 = 2 Ch 24:11, bronze 1 Ch 18:8, wine Est 1:7; of other quantities, e.g.spoil 2 S 3:22, property 2 Ch 32:29, seed Dt 28:38, etc.; רַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ Ec 6:3 b be it much that his days amount to; (2) esp. of collectives, numerous, עַם־רַב Jos 11:4 2 S 13:34 עֲבֻדָּה רַבָּךְ Gn 26:14, Jb 1:3, מִקְנֶה רַב Dt 3:19+,etc. b. pl. many: pers. Ex 5:5, Ju 8:30, 9:40, 1 K 4:20, 11:1+, things Gn 30:48, Am 5:12, Dt 31:17 +; n, om. רַבּוֹת Dn 11:41 (sc. lands; rd. רִבּוֹת myriads Kmp Bev Behrm Marti Prince); יָמִים רֵבִּים many days (a long time) Gn 21:34, 37:24+28 t.,שָׁנִים רַבּוֹת Ne 9:30, Ec 6:3 a, אִם עוֹר רַבּוֹת בַּשָּׁנִים Lv 25:51; רַבּוֹת עִתִּים Ne 9:28 many times (v. supr.) =פְּעָמִים רַבּוֹת Ps 106:43, Ec 7:22; מַכָּה רַבָּה Dt 25:3 many blows; מַיִם רַבִּים many waters Nu 20:11+27 t., cf. Is 8:7; etc. c. רַב as subst. coll. pers. Ex 19:21, also (opp. מְעַט)1 S 14:6, Nu 13:18, 26:54, 26:56, 33:54, 35:8; so רַבַּת (Ges:§ 130 a) 2 Ch 30:17; 30:18, and (rei ; =much) Ez 24:12; רַב cstr. before abstr. (= רֹב) Is 21:7, 63:7, Ps 145:7; esp. pl. רַבִּים of pers. Ex 23:2, 23:2 +37 t. + בַּת־רַבִּים Ct 7:5 (v. p. 123). † d. cstr.= abounding in, רַב־בְּרֶכוֹת Pr 28:20, רַב־חֶסֶר (v. 1. חֶסֶד 3), רַב־פֹּךְַ Ps 147:5, רַב־מְאֵרוֹת Pr 28:27, רַב הַמְּהוּמָה Ez 22:5, רַב־נוֹחָךְ 17:7, רַב־חֶעֲלִיָּה Je 32:19, רֵב־פְּעֶלִים 2 S 23:20= 1 Ch 11:22, רַב־פָָּשַׁע Pr 29:22 רַב־תְּבוּנָה 14:29; רַבַּת אוֹחָרֹת Je 51:13, רַבַּת בָּנִים 1 S 2:5 רַבָּ֫תִי עָם La 1:1 (Ges:§901). † e. + מִן comp.= more numerous than Ex 1:9, Nu 22:15, Jos 10:11, Ju 16:30, 2 K 6:16, Is 54:1, 1 Ch 24:4, 2 Ch 32:7, Dn 11:13; sq. inf., too many to Gn 36:7, Ju 7:2 (cf. v:4); vid. also foll. † f. רַב =abundant, enough Gn 24:25, 33:9; as exclam. enough! Gn 45:28, 2 S 24:16, 1 Ch 21:15, 1 K 19:4, so (+ מִן inf.) Ex 9:28 (מִן 6 d); רַב־לָךְ (with implication of excess) Dt 3:26 (let it) suffice thee! so רַב־לָכֶם Ez 45:9, also Nu 16:3, 16:7= ye assume too much ! + inf. it is enough for you to Dt 1:6, 2:3 (i.e. you have done it enough), so+ מִן inf. 1 K 12:23, מִן subst. Ez 44:6. † g. as adv. much, exceedingly (only Psalm Psalm), רַב Ps 123:3, רָ֜ב Ps 18:15 (Hup De Che al.; HPS:2 S 22:15 conj.רָמָה om. ‖ 2 S 22:15); רַבָּה Ps 62:3, 78:15, 89:8 (LXX. Bae רַב הוּא ); רַבַּת (Aramaism, cf. Syr. ܪܶܒܰܬ, ܪܰܒܰܬ Nö:§ 155 A W :SG 135) Ps 65:10, 120:6 (=long enough), 123:4, 129:1, 129:2;

2. less oft. great: a. of space 1 S 26:13, the deep Am 7:4, Gn 7:11, Is 51:10, Ps 36:7(fig.), city La 1:1 (רַ֫בָּתִי בַגּוֹיִם Ges§),—v. also חִירוֹן חֲמַת; -plague Nu 11:33, empire Est 1:20 goodness Ps 31:20, wickedness Gn 6:5, etc. b. specif. strong (opp. אֵין כֹּחַ) 2 Ch 14:10; רַב לְהוֹשִׁיעַ Is 63:1 so רַבִּים as subst. Is 53:12 (‖עֲחוּמִים ). † c. major natu Gn 25:23 (opp. חָעִיר); רַבּים as subst. grandoevi, Jb 32:9. † d. + מִן comp. greater than Dt 7:1, 7:17, 9:14, 20:1 too great for Jos 19:9, 1 K 19:7—Pr 26:10 is hopelessly corrupt, v. Toy.

II. רַב:49 n.m. chief (As.-Bab. Influence, cf. rab D1:HWB 609 b; Baram. רַב); —cstr. ר׳: Je 39:9+; pl. cstr. רַבֵּי 39:13, 41:1 (but v. infr.);—esp. רַב־ טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen (v. טַבָּח), only as title of Bab. officer Je 30:9, 30:10 + 15 t. Je, 7 t ‖ 2 K 25 (cf. שַׁר הַט׳: in Gn [JE]); also † רַב הַחֹבֵל Jon 1:6 chief of the sailors, i.e. captain ; † in gen. כָּל־רַב בֵּיתוֹ Est 1:8, † רַב־מָרִיסָיו Dn 1:3 (v. סָרִיס ), and so רַבֵּי מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל Je 39:13, רַבֵּי הַמֶּלֶךְ 41:1 (late gloss; om. LXX and ‖ 2 K 25:25, so Hi Gf Gie). † The foll. titles of As.-Bab. officers are prob. loan-words in Heb.: רַב־מָָג Je 39:3, 39:13 usu. chief soothsayer (v. מָָג), but = rab-mugi [? chief of princes] Pinches:Hast. DB. BAB-MAG; רַב־סָרִיס (cf. OAram. [Nineveh] רב סרס Lzb:386), 2 K 18:17 (As.; not in ‖ Is 36:2), Je 39:8, 39:13 (Bab.), usu. chief eunuch, but=rabû-ša-rêši, chief of the heads (the principal men) Wkl:Unters. x.altor.Gesch.1889,Excurs. v, p. 138 (actually found as rubû-ša-ri-ešu Pinches:Acad June 25,1892, 618), Pinches:Hast.DB.RAB-SARIS; רַב־שָׁקֵה (van d. H. רַבְשָׁקֵה) chief of the officers (?) (so prob. As. rab-ŠAḲ; šaḳkû=high one; COT:2 K 18:17, KB 11.23 Dl HWB 685 a Tiele :Bab-As.Gesch. 497.513 Pinches:Hast. DB.iv 191), 2 K 18:17, 18:19, 18:26, 18:27, 18:37, 19:4, 19:8 = Is 36:2, 36:4, 36:11, 36:13, 36:13, 36:22, 37:4, 37:8;

† רַבָּה n.pr.loc. Rabba (prop. great or populous, sc. city);—

1. capital of Ammonites explicitly, רַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן 2 S 12:26, 12:27, 17:27, Dt 3:11, Je 49:2, Ez 21:25; רַבָּה alone 2 S 11:1 ‖ 1 Ch 20:1, 20:1, Am 1:14, Je 49:3, Ez 25:5, Jos 13:25 (P); c.ה loc. רַבָָּתָה 2 S 12:29; in GK. Period Philadelphia, Lag:onom 215, 94:219, 82 (but ΡαββατμαναPolyb:v. 71.4), mod ‘Ammân, 13 ½ m. NE. from Heshbon, 28 ½ m .E. of Jordan; cf. Buhl:Geogr.260;- LXX Ραββαθ, Ραββα

2. הָרַבָּה city in Judah Jos 15:60 (P), site unknow;—LXX Σωθηβα, A LXXL Αρεββα.

רב:151 n.m.:Jb 11:2 multitude, abundance, greatness;—abs. ר׳: Gn 16:10 +, רוֹב 1 Ch 4:38, 2 Ch 31:10 + Jb 33:19 Qr (Kt ריב); cstr. רֹב Ex 15:7 + (רֹב־ Jb 37:23 Baer Gi), רָב־ Jb 23:6 +; 2 K 19:23 and pl. cstr. רֻבֵּי Ho 8:12 v. infr.;

1. multitude (c. 125 t.): of pers. Ho 10:13, Pr 14:28, 20:6, Est 10:3 +; of things Is 1:11, 47:12, Ez 27:18, Lv 27:16, Pr 10:19, Jb 11:2 +; = great quantity, abundance Gn 27:28, Ho 9:7 + oft. (2 K 19:23 Qr [= Is 37:24 Kt ], > Kt רכב ; 2 Ch 24:27 Kt ורב > Qr יִרֶב), + (of time) רֹב שָׁנִים Jb 32:8 (Gi; v:7 van d.H., Baer), בְּרֹב יָמִים Ec 11:1; = whole number (of bones) Jb 4:14, 33:19 (Qr; Kt ריב); esp. לָרֹב in respect of, for, multitude, in sim., like sand, stars, etc., Jos 11:4 (JE), 1 S 13:5, 2 S 17:11 +10 t.; = abundantly, c. vb. (= הַרְבֵּה) Gn 30:30 (J), 48:16 (E), 1 K 1:19, 1:25, 10:10; usu. late Ne 9:25, Jb 26:3, Zc 14:14, 1 Ch 4:30, 2 Ch 9:9 (‖הַרְבֵּה 1 K 10:10) + 23 t. Ch; as pred. c. הָיָה 1 Ch 22:14; = in great numbers, 2 Ch 30:5, 30:24; nearly = adj. (c.subst.; = רַב) 9:1 (‖רַב 1 K 10:2), 16:8, 24:24, 30:13; מֵרֹב from multitude of, Dt 7:7, 28:47 + 14 t.; abs. from (for) mult. 1 K 7:47, Gn 16:10, 32:13 (J), 1 K 3:8, 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6.

2. greatness (c. 26 t.): שִׂיחִי מֵר׳: 1 S 1:16, רֹב חַסְרֶָּךָ Ne 13:22, Ps 5:8, 69:14, cf. 106:45, כֹּחַ ר׳: Is 63:1, Jb 23:6, 30:18, Ps 33:16, etc.; read רֹב prob. also (for דַב) Is 63:7, Ps 145:7; = length of journey (cf. vb. Jos 9:13) בְּרֹב דַּרְכֵךְ Is 57:10; Ho 8:12 Qr רֻבֵּי תוֹרָתִי = greatnesses [great things], or numerous things of my law, but form dubious read perhaps רֹב תּוֹרֹתַי (sub 1), so We (cf. LXX); Gr al. דִּבְרֵי; > Kt רבו, v. רִבּוֹ.—Lv 25:16, Dt 7:7, Ho 4:7 v. √ p. 912

† רְבָבָה n.f. multitude, myriad, ten thousand (Kö:ii.1.221);—abs. ר׳: Gn 24:60 +; sf. רִבְבָתוֹ Kt 1 S 18:7 2 t. (Qr רִבְבֹתָיו); pl. abs. רְבָבוֹת 1 S 18:8 cstr. רִֽבְבוֹת Mi 6:7 +, רִֽבֲבוֹת Dt 33:17; sf.v. supr. Qr;—myriad 10,000: of great number of pers., indef. Gn 24:60 (J; אַלְפֵי רְבָבָה thousands of myriads), Dt 33:2(poem; מֵרִבְבוֹת קֹרֶשׁ, but v. קֹרֶשׁ, ad fin.). Ps 3:7 Ct 5:10; רִֽבְבוֹת אַלְפֵי תִשׂ׳: Nu 10:36, cf. Dt 33:17 (poem);—רְבָבָה Ez 16:7 rd. רְבִי LXX Co Berthol Krae;—more precisely(100, 1000), 10,000, Ju 20:10; opp. 2, Dt 32:30 (poem), opp. 100, Lv 26:8 (H), opp. 1000, 1 S 18:7, 18:8, 21:12, 29:5, Ps 91:7; so of things, Mi 6:7.

† רִבּוֹ, רִבּוֹא n.f.:Ezr 2:64 ten thousand myriad (later (Aramaizing) synonym of foregoing; perh. for Aram. (ת)רִבּוּ, Kö:ii. 1:221 f., but Palm. רבו Lzb:367);—abs. רִבּוֹ 1 Ch 29:7, 29:7, Jon 4:11 (? Cstr.), + cstr. Ho 8:12 Kt (v. infr.); רִבּוֹא Ezr 2:64 = Ne 7:66, Ne 7:71 (van d. H. v:72), du רִבֹּתַיִם Ps 68:18; pl. רִבּוֹת Ne 7:70 (van d. H. v:17), רִבֹּאוֹת Ezr 2:69, Dn 11:12;—ten thousand; of pers., 4*10,000+200+3*100+60 Ezr 2:64 = Ne 7:66; 12*10,000+n. Jon 4:11; indef. Dn 11:12 he shall cast down myriads; rd. רִבּוֹת also v:41 (for MT רַבּוֹת) Kmp Bev Behrm Marti Prince; of things, esp. units of value, n. + 10, 00 1 Ch 29:7, n.+6*10,000+ 1000 Ezr 2:69 ‖ n. + 2*10000 Ne 7:70, 7:71 (v. supr.); 10,000+8*1000+n. 1 Ch 29:7; indef. רֶכֶב אֱלֽתִים רִבֹּתַיִם Ps 68:18 (‖אלפים ); —רִבּוֹ תוֹרָתִי Ho 8:12 (Kt 10, 00[precepts] of my instruction would be only early instance, v. רֹב.

† רַבִּית n.pr.loc in Issachar;—הָר׳: Jos 19:20; mod. Râbâ, c. 13 m.NE. from Nablûs, cf. Buhl:Geogr. 204;—LXX Δαβειρων, A LXXL Ραββωθ.

† רְבִיבִם n.m.: Je 3:3 Pl. copious showers causing fertility;—ר׳: Dt 32:2+ 3 t., רְבִבִים Je 14:22, רְבִבִם 3:3;—copious shower, Je 3:3 (+ מַלְקוֹשׁ) יִתְּנוּ ר׳: 14:22 (‖מַגְשִׁמִים ),ר׳: Ps 65:11; sim.,of penetrating. pervasive infl. of prophetic words Dt 32:2 (‖שְׂעִירִם , also מָטָר, טַל ), of Jacob Mi 5:6 (‖טַל ), of future king Ps 72:6 (‖מָטָר ).

יָֽרָבְעָם:104 n.pr.m Jeroboam, Ιεροβοαμ (prob. = יָרֹב + עַם the people increaseth Thes Kit:1 K 11:26 al.; cf. also Gray:prop.N. 59; Ency. Bib. i. 139 f.; > √ ריב the people contendeth or (the god) ‘Amm contendeth Nbr:Stud. Bib. i. 225, cf. Che:JQ. July, 1899, 559; Ency. Bib.);—

1.:90 (K Ch), leader of revolt of N. Isr. (10th cent.), and first king 1 K 11:26, 12:2, 12:2, 12:20, etc., ‖ 2 Ch 10:2, 10:2, 10:3, 10:12 etc., 1 K 13:1, 13:4, 13:33 + ; (specif. בֶּן־נְבָט יר׳: 1 K 11:26 + 23 t.); in later times (uner Deut. Infl.) as sinful and author of Isr.’s sin 1 K 15:30, 16:2, 16:7, 16:19, 16:26, 16:31 + 15 t. †

2. son of Jehoash of N. Isr. (8th cent.) and 13th king 2 K 13:13, 14:16, 14:23, 14:27, 14:28, 14:29, 15:1, 15:8, Ho 1:1, Am 1:1, 7:9, 7:10, 7:11; prob. also 1 Ch 5:17.

† II [רָבַב] vb. shoot;—Qal Pf. 3 pl. וָרָֹבוּ (Ges:§ 67 m) Gn 49:23 abs. (בַּעֲלֵי חִצִּים in ‖ 1.; Sam. וַיְרִיבֻהוּ, so perh. LXX ἐλοιδόρουν).—רָֹב Ps 18:15 (חִצָּיו in ‖ 1.), v.I. רַב 1 g. p. 912

† III. [רַב] n.m. archer;—pl. רַבִּים Je 50:29 (‖דֹּרְכֵי קֶשֶׁת ; Gie רֹבִים, II. רבה), sf. רַבָּיו Jb 16:13 (in fig.; Bö al. רֹבָיו; Vrss. Ew al. his missiles)..

1. רבד (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. رَبَدَ confine, tie.)

† רָבִיד n. [ m.] chain, ornament for neck;—abs. ר׳: Ez 16:11; cstr. רְבִד הַזָּהָב Gn 41:42 (E).

† II. [רָבַד] vb. be-spread, deck (cf. Ar. رَبَدَ v. shew patches of colour, become clouded (of sky); NH רֹבֶד pavement, paved terrace, Targum רוֹבֵדָא pavement);—Qal Pf. 1 s. מַרְבֵרִּים רָבֵדְתִּי עַרְשִׂי Pr 7:16 with spreads (coverlets) have I be spread my couch; read also Impf. 3 ms. וַיִרְבְּדוּ לְשָׁאוּל 1 S 9:25 LXX Th We Dr al. (for MT וַיְדַבֵּר) עִם שׁ׳:, obj. om.

† מַרְבָד n. [ m. ] spread, coverlet;—only pl. abs. מַרְבַדִּים (Kö:ii. 1, 97, 471) Pr 7:16, 31:22.

I [רָבָה]:225 vb. be, or become, much, many, great (NH id.; As. rabû, be great, grow; Ar. رَبَا Aram. רְבָא; ܪܒܳܐ, ܪܒܺܝ, all grow, increase);—† Qal:59, Pf. 3 fs. רָֽבְתָה 1 S 14:30; 2 ms. וְרָבִ֫יתָ consec. Dt 30:16; 3 pl. רָבוּ Ezr 9:6 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְבֶּה Dt 8:13 +, juss. יִ֫רֶב Gn 1:22 + 2 Ch 24:27 Qr (< ורב Kt, v. רֹב

1.), וַיִּ֫רֶב Ex 1:20 3 fs. תִּרְבֶּה Dt 7:22, Dn 12:4, וַתֵּ֫רֶב Gn 43:34, 1 K 5:10; 3 mpl. יִרְבּוּ Dt 11:31 +, יִרְבּוּן Ps 139:18, יִרְבְּיֻן Dt 8:13 etc.; Imv. ms. וּרְבֵה Gn 35:11; Inf. cstr. רְבוֹת Ex 11:9 +;—Pt. רֹבֶה v. II. רבה;—1. become many, numerous: a. of people, Ex 1:10, 1:12 (J), v:20 (E), Dt 6:3, 8:1, 30:16, Zc 10:8, 1 Ch 5:23 רָבוּ לְמָָעְלָה 23:17; esp. + פרה be fruitful and multiply Je 3:16, 23:3 (fig. of flock), Gn 47:27 b (P), Ex 1:7 (P), Ps 107:38 also (of man and beast) Ez 36:11; of children Jb 27:14; חַדִּיקִים Pr 28:28, בִּרְבוֹת ח׳: Pr 29:2 (Toy רְדוֹת rule, ‖מְשֹׁל ),רְשָׁעִים בר׳: v:16 (Toy id.). b. of animals Dt 7:22 (+ עַל pers.), 8:13, 1 Ch 5:9; + פרה Gn 1:22, 8:17 (both P; cf. Ez 36:11 supr.). c. of things Dt 8:13, 8:13, Ez 31:5, Ex 11:9 (P), Ec 5:10; of sins Ezr 9:6 (+ לְמַ֫עְלָה), Pr 29:16; + מִן comp. Ps 16:4, 139:18; of days Gn 38:12 (J), Dt 11:21, 1 S 7:2, Pr 9:11, years of life 4:10; of waters Gn 7:17 (J), v:18 (P).

2. a. be great: (I) of things Gn 43:24 (J; + מִן comp.), 1 S 14:30; of way = be long Dt 19:6 and (מִן comp. pers.) 14:24 be too long for; of wisdom 1 K 5:10 (מִן comp.). (2) of pers., יִרְבֶּה אֱלֽהִים מֵאֱנוֹשׁ Jb 33:12 i.e. is too great for (De al.); has loftier, nobler thoughts (Di Bu), but no ‖. b. grow great (Aramaism): (I) of pers., = grow up Ez 16:7 ( + גָּדַל), Jb 39:4. (2) of glory Ps 49:17, knowledge Dn 12:4.—2 Ch 24:27 v. supr. † Pi:4., make large, increase;—Imv. ms.רַבֶּה חְבָאֲךָ Ju 9:29 enlarge thy host; Pf. 2 ms. רִבִּיתָ בִּמְחִירֵיהֶם Ps 44:13 thou hast not made great with their price (set a high price; so Ew De Che al.); or increased (sc. thy wealth) by their price (Hup Bae); = bring up, rear (children) La 2:22 (+ טפּח), whelps Ez 19:2 (in fig.). Hiph.:162 Pf. 3 ms. הִרְבָּה Ho 8:11 +, sf. וְהִרְבְּךָֹ consec. Dt 30:5; 2 ms. הִרְבִּיתָ Is 9:2 +, 1 s. הִרְבֵּיתִי Ho 2:10 +, etc.; Impf. יַרְבֶּה 12:2 +, וַ֫יֶּרֶב 2 S 18:8, La 2:5 etc.; Imv. ms. הַרְבֵּה Ez 24:10, הֶ֫רֶב Ju 20:38 + Ps 51:4 Qr (הרבה Kt, Inf. abs.), etc.; fs. הַרְבִּי Is 23:16, mpl הַרְבּוּ Am 4:4, Gn 34:12; Inf. abs. הַרְבֵּה 15:1 +, הַרְבָּה (Ba:NB 90, 91) 3:16, 16:10, 22:17; cstr. הַרְבּוֹה Dt 28:63 + (2 S 14:11 Kt הרבית; Am 4:9, Pr 25:27 v. infr.); Pt. מַרְבֶּה Ex 16:17 +, cstr. מַרְבֵּה Lv 11:42, etc.;—1. make much, or many: a. obj. pers. (or a people), multiply, increase Gn 16:10, 17:20, Is 9:2, +; Ez 36:10 (+ עַל pers.), v:11 (man and beast; + id.); Dt 30:5 (+ מִן comp. pers.); + פרה Hiph. Gn 28:3, 48:4 (both P); הִרְבָּה כּוֹשֵׁל Je 46:16 = he made many stumble; = have many 1 Ch 7:4, 8:40, 23:11. b. obj. animals Dt 17:16, 17:16 (cf. Ez 36:11 supr.). c. obj. things Ho 2:10, 8:11, 8:14, Gn 3:16 +; הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמִתָּן 34:12; opp. הִמְעִיט Lv 26:16, Nu 26:54, 33:54; obj. words Ec 10:14 (v. Jb 34:37 sub 2), cf. Is 1:15, Jb 40:27, הַרְבִּי שִׂיר Is 23:16; obj. days Jb 29:18 (like sand); = use many (medicines) Je 46:11; have many (feet) Lv 11:42; bring abundantly 2 Ch 31:5; yield abundantly Ne 9:37; c. ל of obj. Ho 10:1 (ל 3 a); obj. om. Hb 2:6, Pr 22:16, also (opp. מעט [usu. Hiph.]) Ex 16:17, 16:18, 30:15, Nu 35:8 (all P), Pr 13:11. † d. (1) sq. inf., make much to do, do much in respect of, = do much, abundantly; greatly, often, etc. (Dr:181, l2): הַרְבּוּ לִפְשֹׁעַ Am 4:4 = transgress greatly, so Ezr 10:13, cf. 2 K 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6; further, Is 55:7, Ex 36:5, 2 Ch 36:14, Ps 78:38, also 2 S 14:11 (Kt מהרבית, Qr מֵהַרְבַּת, rd. prob. מֵהַרְבוֹת Dr:reff. Ges:§ 75 ff. Th Löhr); + מִן comp. 18:8; 1 S 1:12 = pray a long time; Ju 20:38 del. הֶרֶב as dittogr. of הארב Be Bu GFM. (2) sq. vb. fin. (Dr:sm Ges:§ 120 g), אַל־ תַּרְבּוּ תְדַבְּרוּ 1 S 2:3 i.e. talk not so much; cf. Ps 51:4. e the Inf. abs. (Ol:§ 191 b Kö:ii. 1, 555 Ges:§ 75 ff.) is used: (1) הַרְבָּה אַרְבֶּה I will greatly increase Gn 3:16, 16:10, 22:17 (all J; Ges:§ 113 n); (2) וְהַרְבֵּה carrying on inf. cstr. Ez 21:20; (3) הַרְבֵּה as adv. (c. vbs. and [Ec 7:16] adj.), greatly, exceedingly, etc., esp. מְאֹד ה׳: Gn 41:49 (E), 1 S 26:21, 2 S 12:30 = 1 Ch 20:2, Jos 13:1 (D), 2 K 21:16, Ne 2:2; perh. also 1 K 5:9, 10:10 (both c. נָתַן), v:11 (c. הֵבִיא), Je 40:12 (c. אָסַף), 2 Ch 14:12 (c. נָשָׂא); הַרְבֵּה alone 2 K 10:8 (opp. מְעָָט), Ne 3:33, Ec 1:16, 5:19, 7:16, 7:17, Ps 51:4 Kt (Qr הֶרֶב Imv.); (4) as adj. attrib. (Kö:Synt.:§ 318 e ), מְאֹד ח׳: Dt 3:5, Jos 22:8 (D; ‖רַב־מְזֹד ), 2 S 8:8 (רַבָּה מְזֹד in ‖ 1 Ch 18:18), 12:2, Is 30:33, 2 Ch 32:27; so הַרְבֵּה alone Ne 4:4, 4:13 (+ רְחָבָה), Ezr 10:1 (preceding n., cf. 1. רַב), Ec 2:7, 5:6, 5:16 (rdg. כעס as n., Ew De Hi-Now al.), 6:11, 9:18, 11:8 a, 12:9, 12:12, 12:12, הַרְבּוֹת alone Pr 25:27 (Toy reads הַרְבֵּה); חִרְבֵּה מָאֹד as pred. Gn 15:1 (J; Sam. אַרְבֶּה), Ec 11:8b Ps 130:7 (adv. Bae); (5) הַרְבֵּה as n. concr. (Kö:Synt.:§ 318 a) 2 S 1:4, Je 42:2 (בֶּה- van d. H.), c. מִן comp., 2 Ch 25:9, Jon 4:11; as obj. (or adv.), opp. מְעַט Hg 1:6, 1:9, Ec 5:11; late in adv. phr. ((מְזֹד)לְהַרְבֵּה ) † Ne 5:18, 2 Ch 11:12, 16:8; הַרְבּוֹת as n. Am 4:9 (rd. prob. הֶחֱרַבְתַּי We Now). † 2. make great, obj. pers. 2 S 22:36 = Ps 18:36; enlarge border 1 Ch 4:10; perhaps also Jb 34:37 make words great, presumptuous, against God (לְאֵל; so Buhl:Lex; most make many words, 1 c).

† אַרְבֶּה n.m.:Ex 10:19 a kind of locust (usu. Interp. as the multitudinous, but Dl:HWB 126 as = As. âribu, êribu, êribû, locust-swarm, from ארב devastate);—alw. abs. א׳:(הָ);—usu. coll. locust-swarm, in sim. of swarm of invaders Ju 6:5, 7:12; oft. appar. the common species (‖ other species, cf. לְמִינוֹ Lv 11:22): Je 46:23, Na 3:15 (sim. of multitude; ‖יֶלֶק ); as destructive Ex 10:4, 10:12, 10:13, 10:14, 10:14, 10:19 a (all J), Ps 105:34 (‖יֶלֶק ), Dt 28:38 (vb. תסל), 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, Ps 78:46 (all + תָסִיל), Jo 1:4, 1:4 (‖גָּזָם , יֶלָק, חָסִיל), 2:25 (‖ id.); as disappearing suddenly (sim.) Na 3:17 (‖גּוֹב גּוֹבַי ); as edible Lv 11:22 (H; ‖סָלְעָם , חִרְגֹּל, תָגָב); as well organized Pr 30:27 (cf. Jo 2:7, 2:8); of single locust, אֶחָד א׳: Ex 10:19b (J), as leaping (sim.) Jb 39:20, as shaken out of garment (sim.) Ps 109:23 (v. II. נָעַר).—Cf. Dr:Jo 82 ff.

† מַרְבֶּה n. [ m. ] 1. abundance;—abs. מ׳: Is 33:23, as adv., in abundance. 2. increase (?), cstr. לְםַרְבֵּה (sic) 9:6 for the increase of the dominion (take לם as dittogr. of foregoing, and read רַבָּה, LXX Gr Che Kit Buhl:Lex Marti; Du לְמַרְבֵךְ, in view of following לְשָׂלוֹם).

† מִרְבָּה n.f. much;—only לְהָכִיל מ׳: Ez 23:32 much to contain, i.e. which contains much; but read מַרָבָּה Hiph. Pt. Hi-Sm Co Berthol Krae (v. √ Hiph. 1 d (1)).

† מַרְבִּית n.f. increase, great number, greatness;—מ׳: abs. Lv 25:37; cstr. 1 S 2:33 + 2t.; sf. מַרְבִּיתָם 1 Ch 12:30 (van d.H. v:29);—

1. increase, concr.: a. of family 1 S 2:33. b. increment, interest, usury, Lv 25:37 (H; of food-stuffs, ‖נֶשֶׁךְ , of money; מ׳: of money Egypt. Aram., opp. ראש principal, Cooke:North-Sem. Inscr. 404).

2. great number: of people 2 Ch 30:18; c. sf. = the greater part of them, 1 Ch 12:30 (v. supr.).

3. greatness, of wisdom 2 Ch 9:6.

† תַּרְבּוּת n.f. increase, brood;—cstr. in phr. אֲנָשִׁיס חַטָּאִים ת׳: Nu 32:14 a brood (contempt.) of sinful men (cf. מַרְבִּית 1 S 2:33).

† תַרְבִּית n.f. increment, interest, usury (= מַרְבִּית 1 b; cf. (on both) Ar. رَبَا IV. take usury, رِبَنا interest, usury, Syr. ܪܶܒܺܝܬܳܐ; Saalschütz:Mos. Recht (ii. 1848), 859 Hoelemann:Letzte Bibelstud. (1885), 297 f. Di:Lv 25:36 Benn:Hast. DB DEBT);—alw. abs. ת׳:: + נֶשֶׁךְ Lv 25:36 (H), Ez 18:17, 22:12, Pr 28:8; ‖ id. Ez 18:8, 18:13.

† II. [רָבָה] vb. shoot (cf. II. רָבַב, I. רָמָה);—only Qal Pt. רֹבֶה קַשָָּׁת Gn 21:20 < רֹבֵה קָָשֶׁת, Kn Di al., but read prob. דֹמֵה ק׳: Ol Ball, one shooting the bow.

רַבָּה, (א)רִבּוֹ, רַבִּית, רְבִיבִים, v. I. רבב. p. 913–14

† [רָבַךְ] vb. mix, stir (Ar. رَبَكَ mix, mingle; NH רְבִיכָה, Targum רָבִיכָא [for BH מֻרְבֶּכֶת], (dough) mixed, or stirred);—Hoph. Pt. f. as term. techn. In sacrif., alw. of סֹלֶת well mixed, מֻרְבֶּכֶת Lv 6:14, 7:12, הִימּרְבָָּכֶת 1 Ch 23:29.

† רִבְלָה n.pr.loc. 1. ו׳: in land of Hamath 2 K 23:33, 25:21 = Je 52:27, Je 39:6; c. ה loc., רִבְ֫לָתָךְ 2 K 25:6, 25:20 = Je 52:26, also (‘in land of Hamath’) Je 39:5, 52:9; בְּרִבְלָָתָה v:10; read רִבְ֫לָתָה also Ez 6:14 (for MT דִּב׳:, v. [דִּבְלָה]); LXX usu. Δεβλαθα (also Ez 6:14); mod. Ribla on Orontes, Rob:BR ii. 507; iii. 543 ff. Bd:Pal 3. 405. 2. הָרִבְלָה (מִשְּׁפָס) Nu 34:11, on NE. border of land of Isr., certainly not so far N. as 1, but site unknown; LXX ἀπὀ σεπφαμαρ Βηλα, whence Di al. conj. הַרְבֵּ֫לָךְ, but not Harmel, 8 m. SW. from ו׳: 1 (Wetzst:ZAW iii (1883), 274 f.), see Dr:Hast. DB.

רב־מָָג, רַב־סָרִיס v. II. רַב. p. 913

I. רבע (√ of following; v. [רָבַע], רֶ֫בַע, רֹ֫בַע etc., infr.; also in ling. cogn.).

1. אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה:316 n.m. et f. four (NH = BH; MI:8 ארבען = 40; Ph. ארבע, Pun. ארבעת, four; so As. arba’u (rarely irba’), irbitti; Ar. أَرْبَعُ, أَرْبَعَةُ; Sab. ארבעת CIS:iv, no. 232.2 Hom:Chrest. 47; Eth. 0arb49:: 0arb49t:: Aram. אַרְבַּע, אַרְבְּעָה, ܐܰܪܒܰܥ, ܐܰܪܒܥܳܐ; Nab. אַרְבַּע, Palm. ארבל, ארבעא, Lzb:367);—m.:148 (c. n.f.) אַרְבַּע (abs. vel cstr.) Ex 21:37 +; also אַרְבַָּע Lv 11:20 +; note (Baer Gi) Jos 21:18 +6 t. Jos 21 (van d. H. אַרְבָָּל); in Pr 30:18 read f. with Qr; f. (c. n.m.) abs. אַרְבָּעָה Gn 2:10 + 125 t. + Pr 30:18 (v. supr.); cstr. אַרְבַּ֫עַת 1 S 4:2 + 29 t., incl. Ez 7:2 (but rd. m. Kt); sf. אַרְבַּעְתָּם Ez 1:8 + 5t. Ez, אַרְבַּעְתָּן 1:10, 1:10 (but rd. prob. תָּם-, Krae), v:16, v:18; du. אַרְבַּעְתָָּיִם 2 S 12:6, v. 1 d; pl. אַרְבָּעִים = 40, v. infr.;—four (in Hex. 108 t., chiefly P, 98 t.; Ez 52 t., Ch 47 t.):—

1. without other num.: a. אַרְבַּע (1) before n.fpl. Je 15:3, Ex 25:12 (P) +101 t., incl. אַמּוֹת א׳: Dt 3:11 + 5 t. (but also † בָּאַמָּה א׳: four (in) cubit(s) Ex 26:2, 26:8, 36:9, 1 K 7:27, 7:27, 7:38), and מֵאוֹת א׳: = 400 Gn 11:13 + 55 t. (2) א׳: bef. du. רַנְלָָיִס Lv 11:23, רַגְלָיו Ex 25:26. † (3) bef. collective, חזֹן א׳: Ex 21:37 (E); רִבּוֹא א׳: = 40,000 Ezr 2:64 = Ne 7:66. † (4) rare and late, after n.fpl. עָרִים א׳: Jos 19:7 (P); after n. fs. cstr. לְ בִּשְׁנַת א׳: 1 K 22:41, Zc 7:1, 2 Ch 3:2.—קִרְיַת א׳:, v. this, and II. אַרְבַּע infr. † (5) n. om. Ez 43:15 b, Pr 30:15, 30:18 (Kt, v. supr.), v:21, Dn 8:8, 8:22; עַל־אַרְבַָּל (sc. רנליס = on all fours Lv 11:20, 11:21, 11:27, 11:42. b. אַרְבָּעָה (1) bef. n. mpl. Gn 2:10 (J), 14:9, Ex 25:34 + 21 t., + חֳדָשִׁים א׳:(וְ)יָמִים Ju 19:2, 1 S 27:7; also פָנִים א׳ :א׳: distrib. Ez 10:21. † (2) late, after n. mpl. 1 Ch 23:10. (3) n. om., Am 1:3, 1:6, 1:9 + 15 t., .+ (as pred. of n. mpl.) † Ex 27:16, 27:16, 38:19, 38:19; also בְּא׳:, (sc. יוֹם) † Zc 7:1 = ordinal, on the fourth (day). c. אַרְבַּ֫עַת (1) bef. n. mpl. Ju 11:40, 1 K 7:32 + 11 t. (not Ez 7:2, v. supr.), + אֲלָפִים א׳: = 4000, 1 S 4:2 + 14 t. † (2) bef. coll. הַבָּקָר Nu 7:7. † (3) n. om. 2 S 21:22. † (4) c. sf., after n. pl., = the four of them, Ez 1:8, 1:10, 1:10, 1:10 + 6 t. Ez, Dn 1:17 these boys, the four of them. d. du. אַרְבַּעְתָָּיִם 2 S 12:6 = four-fold Ges:§ 98 h Kö:11. 1. 227, but read שִׁבְעָתָָיִם LXX Th We Klo Dr Kmp Bu HPS.

2. with other num.: a. (1) אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה = 14, (a) before n. fs., שָׁנָה ע׳ :א׳: Gn 31:41, + (as ordinal, = 14th) 14:5, 2 K 18:13v = Is 36:l, Ez 40:1. (β) after n. fpl.ע׳ :עָרִים א׳: Jos 15:36 + 8 t., ע׳ :נָשִׁים א׳: 2 Ch 13:21. (2) אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר = 14, (a) before n. ms. Nu 17:14 (14 x 1000), Jb 42:12; esp. (as ord.) יוֹם ע׳ :א׳: 14th day Ex 12:6, 12:18 + 7 t. (b) bef. n. mpl. Nu 29:15. (γ) after, n.mpl. Nu 29:13, 29:17 + 6 t. (δ) after n. ms. Est 9:15, 9:19, 9:21, all = 14th (ε) ע׳ :א׳: pred. of נֶפֶשׁ Gn 46:22. ζ ע׳ :א׳: = 14th (sc. day) Lv 23:15, 2 Ch 30:15 + 6 t. b. 20 + (וְ) 4 + n. s. 1 K 15:33, 1 Ch 23:4 + 13 t. 1 Ch 27; + n. pl. † Nu 7:88; n. om. 2 S 21:20 pred. ‖ 1 Ch 20:6, Ne 7:23; 4 + 20 + n.s. Nu 25:9; = 24th, וְא׳ :יוֹם ע׳: Hg 1:15, 2:18, Zc 1:7, Ne 9:1, Dn 10:4, יוֹס om. Hg 2:10, 2:20, and (וְע׳ :א׳:) 1 Ch 24:18, 25:31†. c. other tens + 4, 1 Ch 7:7, 5:18 (+ n.s.), Ezr 2:15 + 7 t.; 4 + tens + שָׁנָה Gn 11:16, + אֶלֶף 1000 Nu 1:27, 1:29, 2:4, 2:6, 26:25, 26:43.—Vids Kö:ii. 1, § 106.

† II.אַרְבַּע n.pr.m. (called הָאָדָם הַגָּדוֹל בָּעֲנָקִים Jos 14:15, אֲבִי הָעֲנָק 15:13 cf. 21:11), inferred (erron.) from n.pr.loc. קִרְיַת א׳: (q.v.). p. 900

אַרְבָּעִים:136 n.pl. indecl. a forty;—

1. sine num. al.: a. usu. appos. bef. n., esp. שָׁנָה, יוֹם (sing.): אַרְנָּעִיס שָׁנָה Ju 3:11, 1 S 4:18, Am 2:10, 5:25 + 29 t.;יוֹם א׳: Gn 7:17, 1 K 19:8, Jon 3:4 + 6 t.,יוֹס א׳: לַיְלָה וְא׳: Gn 7:4, 7:12, Ex 24:18 + 7 t.; also בַּת א׳: † 1 K 7:38, גָּמָל א׳: † 2 K 8:9, אַמָּה א׳: † Ez 41:2 and (אַמָּה om.) 46:22, but בָּאַמָּה א׳: † 1 K 6:17 (v: אַמָּה); אֶלֶף א׳: Nu 1:33, 2:19, 26:18, Jos 4:13, Ju 5:8, 2 S 10:18, 1 K 5:6, 1 Ch 12:37 (van d. H. v:36), 19:18 (v. also infr.); rarely sq. n.pl., בָּנִים א׳: Ju 12:14, אֲדָנִים א׳: Ex 26:19, 26:21, 36:24, 36:26 (P).—(As round no.Gn 7:17, Ju 3:11, 5:31, 8:28, 1 S 4:18 +). b. after n. pl., פָּרוֹת א׳: Gn 32:16 (E), שְׁקָלִים א׳: Ne 5:15. c. n. om. Gn 18:29, הָא׳: v:29; יַכֶּנּוּ א׳: Dt 25:3 forty (blows) may he smite him.

2. c. num. al.: a. before unit, + n.s:, 40 + 1שָׁנָה 1 K 14:21, 15:10, 2 K 14:23; 40 + 2 שָׁנָה 2 Ch 22:20, אִישׁ 2 K 10:14, עִיר Nu 35:6, + אֶלֶף Ju 12:6; 40 + 5 שָׁנָה Jos 14:10 (JE), etc. (12 t.); + n.pl. יְלָדִים 2 K 2:24; after n. pl. הָעַמּוּדִים + 40 + 5 1 K 7:3; n. om. 40 + 5 Gn 18:28, cf. Ezr 2:24 = Ne 7:28. b. after unit, 9 + 40 שָׁנָה Lv 25:8 (H); 1 + 40 אֶלֶף Nu 1:41, 2:28, etc. (9 t. Nu, P). c. c. hundreds, 40 שָׁנָה + 800 שָׁנָה Gn 5:18 (P); 100 + 40 שָׁנָה Jb 42:16; + units, 7 שָׁנִים + 40 + 100 שָׁנָה Gn 47:28 (P); but (Ezr Ne, mostly pred., without n.), 900 + 40 + 5 Ezr 2:8, cf. v:25, Ne 7:62, and (א׳: without וְ) 600, 40 + 2 Ezr 2:10, v. also ‖ Ne 7:15, Ezr 2:34 = Ne 7:36, Ezr 2:66 = Ne 7:68 (ver. om. BaerGi), Ne 7:13, 7:29, 7:44; 1000, 200, 40 + 7 Ezr 2:38 = Ne 7:41; n.pl. 200 + 40 + 5 Ne 7:67, n.pl. 200, 40 + 2 11:13; also n.s. נֶפֶשׁ 700, 40 + 5 Je 52:30.

3. as ordinal, שָׁנָה בְּא׳: Dt 1:3 in the fortieth year; also בִּשְׁנַת הָא׳: Nu 33:38, 1 Ch 26:31; וְאַחַת בִּשְׁנַת א׳: 2 Ch 16:13 in the forty-first year

† [רְבַע] vb. denom., only Pt. pass. squared, square;— Qal Pt. pass. רָבוּעַ square, of altar Ex 27:1, 30:2, 37:25, 38:1, cf. Ez 43:16; breastplate 30:2, 39:9; pl. רְבֻעִים, of doorways, etc. [on text v. Kit Benz] 1 K 7:5; fs. רְבֻעָה as subst. = a square Ez 41:21 (acc. Co Toy, om. מְזוּוַת, and joining ר׳: to v:20; Krae reads מְזוּותֹ רְבֻעֹת, cf. 1 K 6:33, רְבִייְִ 2.). Pu. Pt. square, מְרֻבַּע Ez 45:2, of piece of land; fs. מְרֻבָָּעַת 40:47, of court; fpl. מְרֻבָּעוֹת 1 K 7:31 (opp. עֲנֻלּוֹת), of borders of bases (cf. Sab. רבעתם, a kind of square building, Sab-Denkm:31).

† I.רֶ֫בַע n.m.:Ez 1:8

1. fourth part.

2. pl. four sides;—1. ר׳: cstr., fourth part, of shekel 1 S 9:8, of hin Ex 29:40. 2. in Ez, pl. sf. four sides (אַרְבַּעַת always preceding): רְבָעָיו Ez 43:16, רְבָעֶיהָ v:17; רִבְעֵיהֶם 1:8, 10:11, הֶן- 1:17.

† רֹ֫בַע n. [ m. ] fourth part;—ר׳: cstr.; of Israel Nu 23:10; of a ḳab 2 K 6:25.

† רְבִיעִי m., רְבִיעִית f., adj. num. ordin. fourth;—m. רְבִיעִי Gn 2:14 + 29 t., רְבִעִי 1 Ch 24:8, 26:11; pl. רְבִיעִים 2 K 15:12, רְבִעִים 10:30; f. abs. רְבִיעִית 1 K 6:l + 3 t., רְבִיעִת Lv 19:29, רְבִעִית 1 K 6:37; + 6 t. + 1 K 6:33 (v. infr.); cstr. רְבִיעִית Nu 15:5, רְבִיעִת Ex 29:40 + 4 t., רְבִעִית Nu 15:4 + 2 t.;—fourth, usu. הָֽר׳::

1. m. Gn 2:14, 15:16 (JE), also (esp. of days, months, sons, etc.) Gn 1:19, Ex 28:20, 39:13, Nu 7:30, 29:23, Jos 19:17 (all P), Ju 19:5, Je 39:2, 52:6, 1 Ch 27:7 b, 2 Ch 20:26, Ezr 8:33; n. om. 2 S 3:4 = 1 Ch 3:2, 1 Ch 2:14, 3:15, 8:2, 12:10, 23:19, 24:8, 24:23, 25:11, 26:2, 26:4; 26:11, 27:7 a, Ezr 10:14, Dn 11:2; sc.חֹדֶשׁ Ez 1:1, Zc 8:19; pl. in עִים(י)בְּנֵי רְבִ sons of fourth (ones), i.e. to the fourth generation, 2 K 10:30, 15:12 (cf. [רִבֵּעַ], and [O Aram. Nērab] בני רבע Cook 107).

2. f. of years, 1 K 6:1, 6:37, 2 K 18:9, Je 25:1, 28:1, 36:1, 45:1, 46:2, 51:59, Zc 6:8, Lv 19:24 (H); מֵאֵת רְבִעִית 1 K 6:33, rd. מְזֻזֹת רְבֻעוֹת LXX Vulgate Th Sta Kmp Kit Benz Bur.

3. רְבִיעִית Ez 48:20 four square (rd. poss. רְבוּעָה).

4. ת(י)עִ (י)רְבִ as n. = fourth part, cstr., הַהִין ר׳: Lv 23:13 (H), Ex 29:40, Nu 15:4, 15:5, 28:5, 28:7, 28:14; הִיּםֹ ר׳: Ne 9:3a; so abs. (הַיּוֹם om.) v:3 b.

† [רִבֵּעַ] adj. pertaining to the fourth (in a series);—pl. in phr. עַלֹ־שִׁלֵּשִׁים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִים i.e. those belonging to the 3rd and 4th generations, Ex 20:5 (E) = Dt 5:9, Ex 34:17 (J), Nu 14:18 (JE), cf. 1 supr.

† [רָבַע] vb. lie stretched out, lie down (Aram. form of רָבַץ (q.v.); NH רבע usu. of copulation, chiefly unnatural; yet cf. also Sab. רבע abide, encamp, settle, DHM:ZMG xxix (1875), 593, Ar. رَبَع abide, dwell)—Qal only Inf.: sf. רִבְעִי Ps 139:3 my lying down (for repose, opp.אָרְחִי); elsewh. (H) for copulation (woman with beast) עְרִבְעָה אֹתָהּ Lv 20:16, but read אִתָּהּ (sf. of beast) Dr-Wh Kö:Synt. 226 e, cf. Bae Berthol (and Dr:2 S 13:14); לְרִבְעָהּ 18:23, rd. לְרִבְעָה (compl. om.; v. id.). Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לאֹ תַרְבִּיעַ כִּלְאַיִם Lv 19:19 (H) thy cattle thou shalt not cause to (let) lie down (i.e. breed) in two kinds.

† II. רֶ֫בַע n.m. a king of Midian Nu 31:8, Jos 13:21; Ποβοκ, Ποβε(κ).

† רָבַץ vb. stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out (NH = BH; As. rabâṣu, lie,dwell; rubṣu (in word-lists), stall, also womb (cf. II. רבע supr.); Ar. رَبِضَ lie down, on the breast, stretch oneself out, مرابض Sab. מרבחַן CIS:iv. no. 5, 2; Targum רְבֵע lie stretched out, Syr. ܪܒܰܥ, ChrPal ܪܒܥ recline at meals, Schwally:idlot. 87);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ר׳: Gn 49:9, 3 fs. consec. וְרָֽבְחָה Dt 29:19, רָבָָחָה Ez 19:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְבָָּץ Is 11:6, 27:10; 3 fs. וַחִרְבַּץ Nu 22:27; 3 mpl. יִרְבּחוּ 11:7 יִרְבָָּחוּ 14:30 יִרְבָּחָוּן Zp 2:7, Ps 104:22; 3 fpl. תִּרְבַּחְנָה Ez 34:14; Pt. רֹבֵץ Ex 23:5 + 3 t.; f. רֹבֶ֫חֶת Gn 49:25 + 2 t.; mpl. רֹבְחֹים 29:2; —lie down, lie: of domestic animals, ass Ex 23:5 (E; under heavy burden), Nu 22:27 (Je; in obstructed path), Gn 49:14 (at ease; poet., in sim.); sheep, in repose, 29:2 (J), Is 17:2, Zp 2:14; fig. of people Ez 34:14; calf. in repose Is 27:10: of wild beasts, lion, in lair, Gn 49:9 (poem in J; fig.), Ps 104:22; = make lair, abode Ez 19:2 (fig.), so of חִיִּים Is 13:21, תַּנֵין Ez 29:3 (fig.); leopard (with kid) Is 11:6, cf. v:7; = brood, of mother-bird Dt 22:6 (עַל־הָאֶפְרֹחִים); of man, in repose Is 14:30, Jb 11:19, cf. Zp 2:7, 3:13 (fig. of flock perhaps. impl., cf. Ez 34:14 supr.); of the deep, רֹבֶחֶת תָָּחַת Gn 49:25, Dt 33:13; fig. of curse Dt 29:19 (ב pers.); of sin, לַפֶּתַח חַטָאת רֹבֵץ Gn 4:7 at the door sin makes its lair. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַרְבִּיחֵנִי Ps 23:2, 2 ms. תַּרְבִּיץ Ct 1:7, etc.; Pt. מַרְבִּיץ Is 54:1l, pl. מַרְבִּחִים Je 33:12;—cause to lie down, or lie, acc. of flock (for repose) Je 33:12, also (fig.) Ps 23:2, Ez 34:15; acc. of flock om. Is 13:10, Ct 1:7; of laying stones Is 54:1l.

† רֵ֫בֶץ n. [m.] (place of) lying down, resting- or dwelling-place;—cstr. בָּקָר ר׳: Is 65:10 (‖נְוֵה חאֹן ); sf. בִּנְוֵה תַנִּים רִבְחָהּ 35:7 (cf. Ges:§145m, but Du רָֽבְחָה, sc. flock); רִבְחָם Je 50:6 (people as sheep); of man, רִבְחוֹ Pr 24:15 (‖נְוֵה חַדְּיק ).

† מַרְבֵּץ n. [m.].;—of wild beasts, לַחַיָּה מ׳: Zp 2:15 (sign of desolation, ‖שַׁמָּה ); of flock, cstr. מִרְבַּץ־חאֹן Ez 25:5 (‖נְוֵה גְמַלִּים ).

רבק (√ of following; cf. Ar. رَبَقَ tie fast; Targum רִיבְקָא stall).

† מַרְבֵק n.[m.] stall (lit: tying-place);—עֲגָלִים מִתּוֹךְ מ׳: Am 6:4 calves out of the stall (where they were fattened); עֵגֶל־מ׳: 1 S 28:24 i.e. a stall-fed, fatted, calf; so כְּעֶנְלֵי מ׳: Mal 3:20 (sim. of prosperity), Je 46:21 (sim. of well-fed and arrogant mercenaries).

רִבְקָה:30 n.pr.f. Rebekah, daughter of Bethuel and wife of Isaac, Gn 22:23, 24:15 + 24 t. 24, 25, 26, 27; 28:5, 29:12, 35:8, 49:31;—LXX Πεβεκκα,.

רַב־שָׁקֶה v. II. בֵַ sub רבב. p. 913

רגב (√ of following).

† [רֶ֫גֶב] n.m. clod of earth;—pl. רְגָכִיְ יְדֻבָָּקוּ Jb 38:38 clods are joined together; cstr. רְגְבֵי נָחַָל 21:33 clods of (the) wady.

† אַרְגָּב n.m. heap, mound (prob.);—so read 1 S 20:19 (for אבן), v:41 (for ננב), LXX (αρ σαβ, ερσαβ), Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS.

† אַרְגֹּב n.pr. 1. loc. (heap, or region of clods; ‘glede’ GASm:G551);—always חֶבֶל א׳: Dt 3:4, 3:14, 1 K 4:13, הָא׳ :ח׳: Dt 3:13; = measured region of Argōb; some well-defined district of Bashan (appar. identif. with חַוֹּת יָזִיר Dt 3:14 [where י׳ :ח׳: in Bashan, so Jos 13:30], but this a harmonistic correction; י׳ :ח׳: in fact in Gilead [Nu 32:41, Ju 10:4, and disting. from אַרְגֹּב 1 K 4:13 cf. Dt 3:13); exact loc. dubious, GASm:i.c. and esp. Dr:Dt 3:4; Buhl:Geogr.18 thinks of Ṣuwet, S. of Upper Yarmuk, a border district between Bashan and Gilead.—Αρσοβ;1 K 4:13 Ερεβαταμ, LXXL Πασαβαν, Α Ερσαβ. 2. m. 2 K 15:25, Αρσοβ dub.; v.Klo Kit Benz Bur.

† רָגַז vb. be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed (Ph. Iph. (+ Inf. abs. Qal) disquiet, disturb, Inscr. Tabn.:4, 6, 7; NH Hiph. provoke to wrath; رجز, tremble (with rage, fear, Dozy); V, VIII, rumble (of thunder, Frey), رَجَزُ a trembling disease (of camels), etc.; Aram. רְגַו tremble, rage, ܪܓܰܙ be enraged; Zinj. רגז wrath, Lzb 367);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְרָגַז Pr 29:9, 3 fs. רָֽגְזָה Is 14:9 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְגַּו 2 S 7:10, 1 Ch 17:9, 2 fs.וַתִּרְגְּוִי Ez 16:43 (but v. infr.); 3 mp!. יִרְגְּזוּן Hb 3:7, יִרְגָּז֑וּן Ex 15:14, etc.; Imv. ms. רְגָ֫וָה (Ges:§ 48 i) Is 32:1l, mpl. רִהְזוּ Ps 4:5;—quake, subj. אֶרֶץ 1 S 14:15, Am 8:8 (עַל rei), Ps 77:19 (+ רָעַשׁ), Jo 2:10 (לִפְנֵי of locusts; ‖רלשׁ ), Pr 30:21(תַּחַת pers.); subj. מוֹסְדֵי הָרִים Ps 18:8 (‖רלשׁ ), = 2 S 22:8 (מוֹסְדוֹת הַשָׁמַיִם; ‖ id.); הֶהָרִים Is 5:25; תְּהֹמוֹת Ps 77:17; of tent-curtains Hb 3:7 (fig. of terror of tent-dwellers); of people, in dread, c. מִפְּנֵי pers. Dt 2:25 (‖תוּל ), Is 64:1; c. עַל rei Je 33:9 (+ פָּחַד); abs., Ex 15:14 (‖ חִיל אָחַז וגו׳:), Ps 99:1, Jo 2:l; pregn. = come quivering Mi 7:17 (מִן loc.); of pers., in fear, awe, Gn 45:24 (ב loc.), Is 32:11 (‖הָרַד ), v:10, Ps 4:5, Hb 3:16 (תַּחְתַּי), cf. of בִּטְבִי Hb 3:16; of Israel, = be disquieted, 2 S 7:10 = 1 Ch 17:9; be excited, perturbed, of pers. 2 S 19:1 (by grief; cf. Dr), שְׁאוֹל Is 14:9 (surprise ; ל pers.); in rage, c. ל, at, Ez 16:43 (of Jerus. personif.; but rd. Hiph. (i.e. didst enrage me) LXX SyrVer Vulgate Targum Hi Sm Co Berthol Toy Krae); prob. also וְשָׂחַק וְר׳: Pr 29:9; of י׳: Is 28:2l. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִרְגִּיז Is 23:11; 2 ms. sf. הִרְגַּוְחַנִי 1 S 28:15; Impf. 1 S.ארְגִּיו Is 13:13; Inf. cstr. הִרְגִּיו (Ges:§ 53 l) Je 50:34; Pt. מִרְגִּיז Is 14:16, Jb 9:6, pl. cstr. מַרְגִּיוֵי 12:6;—cause to quake, disquiet, enrage: cause earth to quake Is 14:16 (fig.; ‖רעשׁ ), Jb 9:6 shake earth מִמְּקוֹמָתּ; heavens Is 13:13 (‖רעשׁ ); kingdoms 23:11; cause disquiet, c. ל pers., Je 50:34 (‖רגע ); = disturb 1 S 28:15 (cf. Ph. תרגזן, Inscr. Tabn.:4 Dr:sm xxviii);= enrage, provoke, מַרְגִּיוֵי אֵל Jb 12:6; so also prob. Ez 16:43 (rdg. תַּרְגִּוִי לִי), v. Qal ad fin. Hithp. excite oneself, only Inf.cstr. sf. אלי הִתְרַגֶּוְךָ thine exciting thyself (to rage) against me, 2 K 19:27, 19:26 = Is 37:28, 37:29.

† רֹ֫גֶז n.m. Jb 3:26 agitation, excitement, raging;—ר׳: abs. Hb 3:2 +, cstr. Jb 37:2; sf. רָנְזֶךָָ Is 14:3;—raging Jb 3:17; disquiet, turmoil Is 14:3, Jb 3:26, 14:1; raging, wrath Hb 3:2; קֹלוֹ ר׳: Jb 37:2 rumbling of his voice (i.e. thunder); of excitement of warhorse, בְּרַעַשׁ וְרֹגֶּו 39:24.

† רָגְזָה n.f. a quivering, quaking;—ר׳: Ez 12:18 (‖רַעַשׁ ).

† רַגָּז adj. quivering, quaking;—לֵב ר׳: Dt 28:65 a quaking heart.

† אֶרְגַּז n.m. box, chest, or like receptacle (cf. Ar. رِجَازَةُ a kind of (camel-) vehicle for women, also a garment containing stones, etc., as balance, makeweight (at side of haudaj); from above √, as swaying ? Syr. ܪܳܓܽܘܙܬܳܐ sack, Talm. אַרְגָּו chest, coffin);—הָא׳: 1 S 6:8, 6:11, 6:15, cf. HPS.

רֶ֫גֶל:247 n.f.:Dt 8:4 (on sf. m. Ct 5:3 v. Kö:Synt.:§ l4 Albr:ZAW(xvi, 1896, 76) xv (1895), 316 f.), foot (NH id.; Ar.رِجْلُ, leg, foot; Aram. רַגְלָא, ܪܶܓܠܳܐ foot; Palm. sf. רגלה Lzb:368; transp. Zinj. (pl. cstr.) לגרי Id:lb., Mand.ליגרא Nö:M 102; cf. Eth. sargal4: vehicle Di:347);—abs. ר׳: Ex 21:24 +, רָגֶל v:24 +; cstr. רֶגֶל Nu 22:25 +; sf. רַגְלִי Gn 30:30 +, etc.; du. רַגְלָיִם Is 28:3 +, רַנְלָָיִם 2 S 4:4 +; cstr. רַגְלֵי Gn 24:32 +; sf. רַגְלַי Nu 20:19 +, רַגְלֶיךָ Ex 3:5 +, etc.; pl. רְגָלִים 23:14 + 3 t. (v. 2 infr.);—

1. foot: a. human, Gn 18:4, 19:2 + 10 t. of washing feet (רחץ); Ex 3:5 4:25 + oft.; in fig. Dt 32:35, 1 S 2:9, Je 2:25, Jb 12:5 + oft.; נַּאֲוָה ר׳: Ps 36:12 foot of pride; הֲדֹם לְר׳: 110:1; כַּף ר׳: sole of foot Dt 2:5, 11:24, 28:56, 28:65 + 6 t., + מִכַּף ר׳: ְ ועַד ראֹשׁ Is 1:6, cf. (ְ ועַד קדקד) 2 S 14:25, Dt 28:35, Jb 2:7; also מֵראֹשׁ ְ ועַד ר׳: Lv 13:12; שָׁרְשֵׁי ר׳: Jb 13:27 v. שֹׁרֶשׁ;אֶחְבְּעוֹת ר׳: 2 S 21:20 = toes, בֹּהֶן ר׳: = great toe Ju 1:6, 1:7, Ex 29:20 + 6 t. Lv; ר׳: = leg 1 S 17:6 (v. also f. ad fin.). † b. anthrop. of God, Ex 24:10, 2 S 22:10 = Ps 18:l0, Na 1:3, Hb 3:5, Is 60:13, Zc 14:4; כַּפּוֹת ר׳: Ez 43:7; הֲדֹם ר׳: Is 66:1, La 2:1, 1 Ch 28:2, Ps 99:5, 132:7. † c. of seraphim Is 6:2, Ezekiel’s חַיּוֹת Ez 1:7, 1:7 and (כֵּף ר׳:) v:7, cherubim 2 Ch 3:13; idols Ps 115:7. d. of animals: dove,כַּף ר׳: Gn 8:9 (J); שֶׁרֶץ עוֹף Lv 11:21, 11:23, שֶׁרֶץ v:42; calf, כַּף ר׳: Ez 1:7 (in sim.), בְּהֵמָה 29:11; Pharaoh under fig. of תַּנִּים 32:2; prob. of beast also Jb 39:15, indef. Is 28:3 (in fig.). e. of table Ex 25:26, 37:13 (P). f. phrases: † לְר׳: (ל) 5 i acc. to the pace of Gn 33:14, 33:14 (J; as fast as cattle, children, can go); at one’s guidance Dt 33:8; at one’s foot, i.e. at every step Gn 30:30 (J), Is 41:2, cf. Jb 18:11 (v. I. [פּוּץ] Hiph.); הלך לְר׳: 1 S 25:42, i.e. went where she went, cf. 2 S 15:16, 15:17, 15:18; † בְּר׳: on one’s feet, on foot, Nu 20:19 (JE), Dt 2:28, Ju 4:15, 4:17, Ps 66:6, שֻׁלֵּח בְּר׳: Ju 5:15 (v. שׁלח), cf. Jb 18:8 (and רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּחָוּ 30:12); אֲשֶׁר בְּד׳: (הַבְּהֵמָה, הַיְקוּם, הָעָם), i.e. which follow one, hence obey or belong to one, Ex 11:8 (J), Ju 4:10, 8:5, 1 K 20:10, Dt 11:6, 2 K 3:9, הַמִּתְהַלְּכִים בְּר׳: 1 S 25:27; נָשָׂא ר׳: † Gn 29:1 (E) = set out, but יָרִים אֶת־ר׳: † 41:44 (E) lift the foot, i.e. make a movement, do anything; † euphemism מֵסִיךְ אֶת־ר׳: Ju 3:24, cf. 1 S 24:3 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v:4; v. I. [םָכַךְ] Hiph.); לְ וַתְּפַשְּׂקִי אֶת־ר׳: Ez 16:25 (v. פשׁק); הַיּוֹחֵת מִבֵּין ר׳: Dt 28:57 (v.יחז 1 h); מֵימֵי ר׳: Qr 2 K 18:27 = 1 S 36:12 (Kt שיניהם; v. מַיִם 3); שַׂעַר הָר׳: Is 7:20, i.e. hair of the private parts. †

2. pl.only in phr. שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים three times (feet, paces, cf. פַּעַם) Ex 23:14 (E), Nu 22:28, 22:32, 22:33 (J).

† רָגַל vb. denom. foot it, go about;—Qal go about (maliciously, as slanderer; cf. Ar. مُشَاةُ and سَعِن slanderer, from √ √ مَشَي wallk along, سَعَي walk quickly), slander, Pf. 3 ms. עַל־לשֹׁנוֹ לאֹ־ר׳: Ps 15:3, he talks no slander upon his tongue (‖דֹּבֵר אֱמֶת v:2). Pi.Impf. 3 ms.וַיְרַגֵּל 2 S 19:28, 3 mpl. וַיְרֵגְּלוּ Dt 1:24, Jos 7:2; Imv. mpl. רִגְּלוּ Jos 7:2; Inf. cstr. לְרֵגֵּל Nu 21:32 + 5 t.; sf. לְרַגְּלָהּ 2 S 10:3; Pt. pl. מְרַגְּלִים Gn 42:9 + 11 t.;—

1. slander (cf. Qal), בְּעַבְדְךָ אֶל וַיְר׳: 2 S 19:28.

2. go about as explorer, spy, c. acc. loc. Nu 21:32, Jos 6:25, 7:2, 7:2, 14:7 (all JE), Ju 18:2 (‖תָקַר ), v:14, v:17, 2 S 10:3 (‖חָקַר ז), 1 Ch 19:3, so also pt. Gn 42:30 (E), Jos 6:22 (JE); pt., acc. om., as adj., אֲנָשִׁים מְרַגְּלִים Jos 2:1, cf. 6:23 (both JE); as subst., spies 1 S 26:4, 2 S 15:10, and so perh. (as pred.) Gn 42:9, 42:11, 42:14, 42:16, 42:31, 42:34 (all E). Tiph., Pf. 1 S.תִּרְגַּלְתִּי לְאֶפְרַיִם Ho 11:3 I taught Ephr. to walk (si vera 1.; v. Ges:§ 55 h).

רִגֵל (treader, fuller (cf. כבס), soThes SS al.)

v.לֵין ר׳:, II. לַיִן c. p. 745

† רַגְלִי adj. on foot; &; אִישׁ ר׳: (after num.) footmen, esp. foot-soldiers, Ju 20:2, 2 S 8:4 = 1 Ch 18:4, 1 Ch 19:18 (פָּרָשִׁים in ‖ 2 S 10:18); elsewhere ר׳: as subst., usu. coll., of Isr. at Exod. Ex 12:37, Nu 11:21 (both JE); = foot-soldiery 1 S 4:10, 15:4, 2 S 10:6, 1 K 20:29, 2 K 13:7; n.pl. רַגְלִים footmen, men on foot Je 12:5 (opp. הַסּוּסִים).

† [מַרְגְּלוֹת] n. [f.] pl. denom. place of the feet, feet (cf. [מְרַאֲשׁוֹת] sub I. ראשׁ); &; sf. מַרְגְּלֽתָיו place of his feet Ru 3:4, 3:7; adv. = at his feet v:8 + v:14 Qr (Kt מרגלתו); = his feet Dn 10:6 (opp. זְרֹעֹתָיו).

† רֹגְלִים n.pr.loc. (place of fullers, v. רֹגַל supr.); &; in Gilead, 2 S 17:27, 19:32; unknown; LXX Πωσελ(λ)ειμ, LXXL Πακαβειν.

† [רָגַם] vb. stone, kill by stoning (denom. ? cf. סקל; or orig. = throw, hurl ? NH רָגַם throw at (rare); Ar. رَجَمَ throw stones at, stone, also (from accompaniment of stone-throwing) revile, curse, cf. Eth. ragama: curse, We:Held 2.111, 250; Aram. רְגַם, ܪܓܰܡ stone); &; Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְרָֽגְמוּ Lv 24:14 + 2 t., sf. וּרְגָמֻהוּ Dt 21:21; Impf. 3 mpl.יִרְנְמוּ Lv 20:16, 20:27 וַיִּר׳:, Jos 7:25 + 4 t.; sf. יִרְגְמֻהוּ Lv 20:2, וַיִּר׳: 2 Ch 24:21; Inf. abs. רָגוֹם Lv 24:16, Nu 15:35; cstr. לִרְגּוֹם 14:10; &; stone, c. acc. pers. + בָּאֲבָנִים Dt 21:21 (D), Nu 14:10, 15:35, 15:36 (P), + בָּאֶבֶן Ez 16:40, Lv 20:2, 20:27 (H); + acc. אֶבֶן Jos 7:25 (JE), Lv 24:23 (P), 2 Ch 24:21; c. ב pers. + acc. אֶבֶן 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18; c. עַל pers. + acc. אֶבֶן Ez 23:47; c. acc. pers. alone Lv 24:14 (P); c. ב pers. alone, רָגוְֹ יִרְגְּמוּ־בוֹ v:16 (P). &; Syn. סקל q.v. p. 709

† [רִגָמָה] n.f. heap (of stones, then) crowd (of people; si vera l.); &; sf.רִגְמָתָם Ps 68:28, but read probably רִגְשָׁתָ֙, v. [רִגְשָׁה]. p. 921

† מַרְגֵמָה n.f. sling (?; implement of hurling stone? so LXX al.; Thes al. stone-heap);—כִּחְרוֹר אֶבֶן בְּמ׳: Pr 26:8, v. esp. Toy.

† רֶ֫גֶם n.pr.m. (Thes cp. Ar. رَجْمُ friend; v. also Sab. רגם Hal:63, 4);—1 Ch 2:47, Πασεμ, Πεσεμ, LXXL Πεσμα.

† רֶ֫גֶם מֶ֫לֶךְ n.pr.m. exilic, Zc 7:2; Αρβεσεερ ὁ βασιλεύς.

† רָגַן vb. murmur, whisper (NH id.; Targum Ithpe. bickbite, slander);—

1. murmur (rebelliously):—Qal Pt. pl. רוֹגְנִים Is 29:24 murmurers; Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. וַיֵּרָֽגְנוּ Ps 106:25 and they murmured in their tents, so 2 mpl. וַתֵּרָֽגְנוּ Dt 1:27.

2. whisper (maliciously), backlite, slander:, Niph. Pt. נִרְגָּן backbiter Pr 16:28, 18:8, 26:20, 26:22.

† רָגַע vb. disturb (NH Hiph. move to and fro; perh. transp. from Ar. رَعَجَ disturb, Ba:ES 8);—Qal Pf. Jb 26:12 בְּכֹחוֹ רָגַע הַיָם; Pt. cstr. (Ges:65d. 116 g. x), Je 31:35 = Is 51:15 רֹגַע הַיָם וַיֶהֱמוּ גַלָּיו. Hiph. denom. from רֶבַע make a twinkling, only 1 S. Impf. cohort. וְעַד אִרְגִּ֫יעָה לְשׁוֹן שָָׁקֶר and while I would twinkle (= only for a moment: cf. Jb 20:5) is the false tongue opp. תִּכּוֹן לָעַד, Pr 12:19 (cf. De); and כִּי אִרְגִּ֫יעָה . אֲרִיעֶנּוּ מֵעָלֶיתָ I will twinkle and (= I will in a moment, Ges:§ 120 g; cf. Hi) chase them away from it, Je 49:19 = 50:44. (Ba:§ 86 as subst. = רֶגַע, of the very rare type ’aqtîl; ה-; as Ges:§ 90 f.)

† רֶ֫גַע n.m. a moment (NH id.;Targum ריגעא Ec 9:12: prob. properly a movement, i.e. twinkling, of the eye; cf. momentum, i.e. movimentum);—abs. ר׳:, רָָנַע Nu 16:21 +, pl. רְגָעִים;—a. Ps 30:6 בְּאַפּוֹ ר׳: a moment (passes) in his anger (opp. חיים ברחונו); Is 54:7 קָטֹן בְּר׳: during a little moment b. usu. in adv. phrases:—(a) as adv. acc., (a) Ex 33:5 אֶהָד ר׳: for one moment, so ר׳: alone Is 54:8; repeated Je 18:7, 18:9 רֶגַע…רֶגַע: at another moment; . . . at another moment; (β) in a moment, suddenly, Ps 6:11 יָשׁוּבוּ יֵבשׁוּ רָָגַע, Je 4:20, Is 47:9, Jb 34:20. (b) בְּרֶגַע in a moment Jb 21:13 שְׁאוֹל יַחַ֫תּוּ ובר׳: (of a quick and painless death; but see 34:20, Ps 73:19: Hoffm Buhl Beer Bu Du [cf. LXX ἐν ἀναπαύσει, Targum בְּמַרְגּוֹעָא] take רֶגַע (or rd. רְגֹעַ) as subst. [√ II. רָגַע] in tranquility, of a peaceful death). So (c) כְּמוֹ ר׳: Nu 16:21 = 17:10 וַאֲכַלֶּה אֶתֵכֶם כְּרָָגַע, Ps 73:19. (d) כְּמוֹ ר׳: La 4:6. (e) עֲדֵי רָָגַע while a moment lasts Jb 20:5. (f) כִּמְעַט ר׳: like the littleness of a moment = for a little moment Is 26:20, Ezr 9:8. (g) pl. לִרְגָעִים by moments, at every moment, Is 27:8, Ez 26:16 וְחָֽרְדוּ ל׳: (so 32:10), Jb 7:18 (‖לִבְקָרִים ).

† II. רָגַע vb. be at rest, repose (prob. = Ar. رَجَعَ return, prop. return to rest, after wanderings, etc.);—Niph. imv. 2 fs. Je 47:6 (of sword) be gathered into thy scabbard, הֵרָֽגְעִי וָדֹ֫מִּי repose, and be still. Hiph. a. trans. give rest to;—Inf. cstr. Je 31:2 הָלוֹךְ לְהַרְגִּיעוֹ I will go to give him (Isr.) rest, 50:34 לְמַעַן הִרְגִּיעַ אח־האדץ (on הִ׳:, v. Ges:§ 531 Dr:Dt 7:24; read prob. הַ׳:); Is 51:4 ומשׁפטי לאור עמים אַרְגִּיעַ usu. I will cause my judgment (religion) to repose as, etc. (i.e. I will establish it; cf. שִׂים 42:4); but metaph. strange: hence Bachm Che Marti (joining to v:5) חִדְקִי (< אֲקָרֵב 46:13) אַרְגִּיעַ אַקְרִיב in a moment (I. רָגַע Hiph.) will I bring near, etc., Du הִרְגִּיעַ קָרֵב, Oort Ry Kit בְּרֶנַע קָרֵב (cf. LXX ἐγγίζει ταχύ). b. intrans. rest, repose, Dt 28:65 ובגויס ההם לא הַרְגִּיעַ, Is 34:14 שָׁם הִרְגִּ֫יעָה לִילִית. So Ecclus 36:31.

† רָגֵעַ adj. restful, quiet, Ps 35:20 וְעַל רִגְעֵי־ אֶרֶץ דִּבְרֵי מִרְמוֹת יַחְשֹׁבוּן of the peaceful worshippers of י׳:.

† מַרְגּוֹעַ n. [m.] rest (poet.), Je 6:16 וּמִחְאוּ לִנַפְשְׁכֶם מ׳:.

† מִרְגֵּעָה n.f. rest, repose (poet.), Is 28:12 וְלאֹ אָבוּא שְׁמוֹעַ אֲשֶׁר אָמַ־ זאֹת הַמּ׳: (‖חַמְּנוּחָת ).

† III. רָגַע vb. harden (Eth. raga9a: coagulate, congeal: poss. a special development of √ رَجَعَ v. II. ר׳:);—Jb 7:5 רָגַע עוֹרִי וַיִמָּאֵס my skin hardens, and (then) runs again (II. מָאַס), of the ulcers in elephantiasis.

† [רָגַשׁ] vb. be in tumult or commotion (Ar. رَجَسَ make a vehement noise; BAram. Aram. רְגַשׁ, ܪܓܰܫ be disturbed, in tumult (Targum Ithp. often for הָמָה, as Ps 46:6, שָׁאָה Is 17:12 f.; ܪܓܽܘܫܝܳܐ for חָמוֹן ibid.); but Syr. usu. perceive, so NH Hiph., but Hithp. fall stormily upon);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. Ps 2:1 רָֽגְשׁוּ why do the nations throng tumultuously ?

† [רֶ֫גֶשׁ] n. [m.] throng;—נְהֵלֵךְ בִּרָָנֶשׁ Ps 55:15 used to walk in the throng (cf. הָמוֹן 42:5, also to בית אלהים).

† [רִגְשָׁה] n.f. throng;—cstr. רִגְשַׁת פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֫וֶן Ps 64:3; so (of worshippers, cf. רֶגֶשׁ) 68:28, reading רִגְשָׁתָם for רֹגְמָתָם, Hup Pe Bi Che Bae Dr.

† [רָדַד] vb. beat out, fig. beat down, subdue (NH Pi. stamp or beat down, make flat, spread out; Targum רְדַד beat out; cf. prob. Ar. رَدَّ repel, reject (Nö:M 75); As. radâduis pursue (rare));—Qal, fig., beat down: Inf. cstr. לְרַד לְפָנָיו גּוֹיִם Is 45:1; Pt. act. הָרוֹרֵד עַמִּי תַּחְתָָּי Ps 144:2;—so also Impf. יָרֹד Is 41:2 acc. Ew al. (for MT יַרְרְּ, v. I. רדה Hiph.).—Ju 19:11 rd. יָרַד. Hiph. lit. beat out: Impf. 3 ms. אֶת־הַזָּזּהָב…וַיָּ֫רֶד עַל־הַכְּרוּבִים: 1 K 6:32 and beat out the gold upon the cherubim (covered them with beaten gold).

† [רְדִיד] n. [m.] wide wrapper, or large veil (Targum:Jer רְדִידָא (esp. for Heb. חָעִיף); Syr. ܪܕܺܝܕܳܐ appar. veil; Ar. رِدَأُ is wrapper);—sf. רְדִידִי Ct 5:7; pl. דָרְֽדִידִים Is 3:23 (in list of women’s finery).

† רַדַּי n.pr.m. fifth son of Jesse, acc. to 1 Ch 2:14; Ζαδδαι, Α Παδδαι, LXXL Ρεδαι.

† I. [רָדָה] vb. have dominion, rule, dominate (NH רָדָה, Targum:Jon רָדָא, chastise; Ar رَدَي tread, trample; Syr ܪܕܳܐ chastise, also (and so As. radû) go, flow);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְרָדוּ Is 14:2, Lv 26:17; 2 mpl. רְדִיתֶם Ez 34:4; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִרְדֶּנּוּ Lv 25:53, וַיִּרְדֶָּנָּה La 1:13, juss. וְיֵרְדְּ Nu 24:19, Ps 72:8; 2 ms. תִּרְדֶּה Lv 25:43, 25:46, etc.; Imv. ms. רְדֵה Psalm 110:2; mpl. רְדוּ Gn 1:28 (Jo 4:13 v. ירד); Inf. cstr. רְדוֹת Ez 29:15; Pt. רֹדֶת 1 K 5:4, Is 14:6; sf. רֹדֵם Ps 68:28; pl. הָדֹדִים 1 K 5:30 + 2 t.;—have dominion, rule, over, usu. c. ב pers. vel pop. 1 K 5:4, 5:30, 9:23 = 2 Ch 8:10, Is 14:2, Lv 25:43, 25:46, 25:53, 26:17, Ez 29:15, Ne 9:28, Ps 49:15; ב of fish, etc., Gn 1:26, 1:28; בְּקֶרֶב Ps 110:2; c. acc. pers. Ez 34:4, Is 14:6 (perh. + acc. cogn., v. [מִרְדָּה] infr.); acc. om. Nu 24:19 (מִיַעֲקֹב), Je 5:31 (+ עַל־יְדֵיהֶם, v. יָד 5 h (2); vid. also ingenious conj. sub II. רדה; but < Gr יוֹרוּ teach), Ps 72:8; for וַיִרְדֶּנָּה La 1:13 and it (the fire) prevailed against them (my bones), read perh. יָרָָדָה into my bones it descended (Bu).—רֹדֵם Ps 68:28 is dub.; Grill Hup-Now Che Du קִדֵם. יְרַד Ju 5:13, 5:13 v. יָרַד. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. וּמְלָכִים יַרְדְּ Is 41:2 and kings he causeth (him) to dominate; but apoc. form strange, read יָרֹד (√ רדד q. v.) Ew Di Du; יַחֲרִד LXX Klo Che.

† [מִרְדָּה] n.f. dominion;—as acc. cogn. מִרְדַּת בְּלִי חָשָָׂךְ Is 14:6, cstr. bef. cl. (Ges:§ 130 d; so most for MT מֻרְדָּף q.v. sub רדף). p. 923

† II. רָדָה vb. scrape out (NH id., scrape or draw off, out (bread from oven));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. הַדְּבָָשׁ ר׳: Ju 14:9 b out of the carcass he scraped the honey (v. GFM); sf. וַיִרְדֵּהוּ אֶל־כַפָּיו v:9 a he scraped it out into his palms; Buhl:Lex Du also עַל־יְדֵיהֶם Je 5:31, sc. gifts, money, fig. for making gain (most I. רדה q.v.).

רַדַּי n.pr. v. רדד p. 921

† [רָדַם] vb. Niph. be in, or fall into, heavy sleep (NH id.; cf. Ar. رَدَمَ stop up (door, gap, etc.), whence perh. be deaf (stopped up) to sounds, etc.);—Pf. 3 ms. נִרְדַם Ju 4:21; 1 S. נִרְדַּמְתִּי Dn 8:8; Impf. 3 ms. נִרְדֵם Jon 1:5; Pt. נִרְדָּם Pr 10:5 + 3 t.;—be or fall fast asleep: Ju 4:21, Jon 1:5 (after וַיִּשְׁכַב), v:6 (pt., Ges:§ 120 b Da:Synt. § 70 (a)); pt. as subst. נִרְדָּם בַּקָּחִיר Pr 10:5; of sleep of death Ps 76:7; stunning effect of awe and dread Dn 8:18, 10:9 (both + אָָרְחָה [וּפָנַי] עַל־פָּנַי.

† תַּרְדֵּמָה n.f. deep sleep;—abs. ת׳: Gn 2:21 +; cstr. תַּרְדֵּמַת 1 S 26:12;—deep sleep, usu. c. נָפַל + עַל pers., and usu. by supernat. agency: עַל ת׳ :א׳ :וַיַפֵּל י׳: Gn 2:21 (J; LXX ἔκστασις), נָֽפְלָח עַל ת׳: 15:12 (J; LXX id.), Jb 4:13 = 33:15 (LXX [δεινὸς], φόβος), so תַּרְדֵּמַת י׳: 1 S 26:12 (LXX θάμβος, result of slothfulness (על and pers. om.) Pr 19:15; fig. for insensibility of spirit, רוּחַ ת׳ :נָסַח עֲלֵיכֶם י׳: Is 29:10.

† רֹדָן n. pr. loc. vel gent. Rhodes, Rhodians, so read, בְּנֵי ר׳: Ez 27:15 (for MT בְּנֵי דְּדָן, v. ד׳: 1), LXX Sta Co Berthol Toy Krae. p. 187

† רוֹדָנִים n.pr.gent. pl. Rhodians;—1 Ch 1:7, ̔Πόδιοι; and so ‖ Gn 10:4 (for דֹּדָנִים p. 187).

רָדַף:141 vb. pursue, chase, persecute (NH id., Aram. רְדַף, ܪܕܰܦ; Ar. رَدَفَ; Sab. רדף id., Sab Denkm:No. 7, 1. 2);—Qal:128 Pf. 3 ms. ר׳: Ju 4:16 +; 1 S. וְרָדַפְתִּ֫י Je 29:18, etc.; Impf. יִרְדֹּף Dt 19:6 +, יִֽרַדֹּף Ps 7:6 (appar. to give choice of Qal or Pi, Ki JHMich Bae al.; Ges:§ 63 n expl. as developed from יִרֲדֹף, cf. Ol:§ 236 e, and, further, Kö:i. 160), sf. יִרְ דְָּפֶָךָ Ez 35:6, 35:6, etc.; Imv. ms. רְדֹף Gn 44:4 +, sf. רָדְפֵחוּ Ps 34:15; mpl. רִדְפוּ Ju 3:28 +; Inf. cstr. רָדְפִף Jos 8:16 +, מִרְדֹף 1 S 23:28, 2 S 18:16, sf. רָדְפִי Ps 38:21 Qr, רדופי Kt, etc.; Pt. רֹדֵף Ju 4:22 +, pl. רֹדְפִים 8:4 +;—

1. a. pursue (sts. + הִשִּׂיג): lit. c. אַחֲרֵי pers., in order to overtake Gn 44:4 (J), 2 K 5:21; esp. with hostile purpose Gn 31:23 (+ הִדְבִּיק), 35:5, Jos 24:6 (all E), 2:5, 2:7, 2:7, 8:16, 8:16, 8:17, 10:19 (JE), Dt 11:4, 19:6, Jos 20:5 (all D), Ex 14:4, 14:8, 14:9 (P), Ju 1:6, 2 S 20:6, 20:7, 20:10, 20:13, 2 K 9:27 + 17 t., + 2 K 25:5 (אַחַר), + Ju 4:16 (אַחֲרֵי הָרֶכֶב); + רִדְפוּ אַחֲרֵי Ju 3:28 = follow me (as leader; but this meaning not elsewhere; rd. רְדוּ LXX Kit GFM). b. lit., c. acc. pers., put to flight, chase (defeated foe; sts. c. הִשִּׁיג): Am 1:11, Ho 8:3, Dt 32:30 (poem; ‖הֵנִיס ), 28:22, 28:45, Jos 23:10 (D), Lv 26:8, 26:8 (H); וְרָדַף אֹתָם קוֹל עָלֶה נִדָּף v:36 a (H); Jos 7:5, 8:24, 10:10, 11:8 (all JE), Gn 14:15, Dt 1:44, Ju 4:22, Is 41:3 + 13 t. + Ju 7:25 (rd. אֶת־ for אֶל־, LXX Vulgate Targum GFM Bu Now). † c. lit., acc. om. Ju 8:4, 1 S 30:8 (+ הִשִּׂינ), v:10, Gn 14:14, Ex 14:23 (P), 15:9 (poem; + הִשִּׂינ), Lv 26:36 b, 26:37 (H), Pr 28:1; esp. pt. pl. הָר׳: the pursuers Jos 2:16, 2:16, 2:22, 2:22, Ne 9:11, Is 30:16, so הָרֹדֵף Jos 8:20, La 1:6. † d. chase, hunt, partridge (קֹרֵא) 1 S 26:20 (in sim.; ‖בִּקֵּשׁ ). † e. pursue, in fig., Je 20:11, La 4:19, רִדְפוּ וְתִפְשׂוּהוּ Ps 71:11, cf. La 1:3; Ps 7:6 (+ הִשִּׂיג; v. supr.); esp. subj. י׳:, pursue (fig. of punishment, judgment), c. acc. pers. Je 29:18 (בַּחֶרֶב), La 3:43 and (בְּאַף) v:66, Ps 83:16 (בְּסַעֲרֶָךָ); אֶת־קַשׁ יָבֵשׁ תִּרְדֹּף Jb 13:25 (תַּעַרוֹ ץ); רֹדְפָם, of מַלְאַךְ י׳:, Ps 35:6. † f. fig. persecute, harass, c. acc. pers. Dt 30:7, Jb 19:22 (כְּמוֹ־אֵל), Ps 69:27, 109:16, 119:86, 119:161; c. acc. נַפְשִׁי 143:3, c. acc. נֲדִבָתִי Jb 30:15 (but subj. obscure; read perh. תֵּרָדֵף Bu; Du תִּנָּדֵף); c. ל pers. Jb 19:28; pt. as subst. Je 15:15, 17:18, Ps 7:2, 31:16 (‖אוֹיְבַי ; We מְרַדְּפָָי for וַרֹדְפָָי), 35:3, 119:84, 119:157 (+ חָרַי), 142:7. † g. pursue, dog, subj. דָּם, c. acc. pers. Ez 35:6, 35:6 (del v:a LXX Co Toy Krae); in good sense, attend closely upon, טוֹב וָחֶסֶד יִרְדְּפוּנִי Ps 23:6. †

2. fig. follow after, aim to secure: in bad sense, c. acc. שַׁלְמֹנִים Is 1:23, שֵׁכָר 5:11, קָדִים ר׳: Ho 12:2, רֹדְפֵי זִמַָּה Ps 119:150; good sense, c. inf. לְדַעַת אֶת־י׳: Ho 6:3, c. acc. חֶדֶק Dt 16:20, Is 51:1 (‖ מְבַקְשֵׁי י׳:), חְדָקָה וָחָָסֶד Pr 21:21, שָׁלוֹם Ps 34:15 (‖בַּוֵּשׁ ), טוֹב 38:21. † Niph. pass.: Pf. 1 pl. עַל־חַוָּארֵנוּ נִרְדָָּפְנוּ La 5:5 upon our neck (i.e. closely) we are pursued (improb., cf. Bu); perh. Impf. 3 fs. תֵּרָדֵף Jb 30:15 Bu (for תִּרְדֹּף); Pt. א׳: יְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־נִרְדָָּף Ec 3:15 God seeketh the pursued (i.e. what has disappeared, is past, but dub.). † Pi. Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְרִדְּפָה Ho 2:9; Impf. 3 ms. יְרַדֶּף־ Na 1:8 (Ps 7:6 v. Qal); 3 fs. תְּרַדֵּף Pr 13:21; Pt. מְרֵדֵּף־ 11:19 +;—pursue ardently, c. acc. pers. Ho 2:9 (in fig.); fig. also חשֶׁךְ יְר׳: Na 1:8 (Gunk:ZAW xiii (1893), 230, plausibly, יֶהְדֹּף), cf. Pr 13:31; elsewhere pt., in Pr: aim (eagerly) to secure, c. acc. רָעָה 11:19, רֵיקִים 12:11, 28:19, אֲמָרִים 19:7 (mng. dub., v. Toy); in good sense, חְדָקָה 15:9. † Pu. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְרֻדַּף כְמֹץ הָרִים Is 17:13 it shall be chased away like chaff of the mountains (‖וְנָס ). † Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הִרְּדִיפֻהוּ Ju 20:43 usu. they chased him (Benj., coll.), but strange after כִתְּרוּ surrounded (still stranger after כתתו or כרתו LXX), and why Hiph.? GFM conj. dittogr. of הִדְרִיכֻהוּ foll.; the reverse conjectured by Bu Now.

† מֻרְדָּף n. [m.] persecution (si vera l.) (formed like Hoph. Pt.);—Is 14:6, but Targum Thes and most מִרְדַּת q.v. p. 922

† [רָהַב] vb. act stormily, boisterously, arrogantly (Ecclus 13:8, NH id., Hiph. make proud (rare), Targum רְהֵב be arrogant; As. ra’âbu, storm at (angrily); Ar. رَهِبَ be alarmed, frightened; Syr. ܪܗܰܒ, Pe. Pt. trembling, hastening, Aph. terrify, hasten);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִרְחֲבוּ הַנַּעַר בַּזָּקֵן Is 3:5 (‖וְנִגַּשׂ ) storm against (LXX προςκόψει); Imv. ךָ(י)רְהַב רֵעֶ Pr 6:3 beset, importune, thy friend (Perles:Anal. 61 conj. רְהַן give surety, cf. NH הרהין). Hiph. Pf. 3 mpl. sf. הִרְהִיבָֻנִי Ct 6:5, of eyes, dub.: alarm me Hi Ew Bu, awe me Gi, disturb, confuse me, Oettli Dr:Intr. 419 (446) Buhl; Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּרְהִבֵנִי Ps 138:3 (sibj. י׳:), Buhl Bae Dr thou makest me proud, bold (Thes De Che denom. of רֹהַב).

† [רָהָב] adj. proud, deflant (si vera l.);—pl. אֶל־רְהָבִים Ps 40:5 unto the proud; but read prob. הבלים (cf. LXX ματαιότητας).

† [רֹ֫הַב] n. [m.] Thes al. pride, i.e. obj. of pride;—sf. רָהְבָּם Ps 90:10 (cf. ἠ ἀλαζονία τοῦ βίου 1 Jn 2:16); < LXX Vulgate their width, extent (רָחְבָּם).

† רַ֫הַב n. [m.] lit. storm, arrogance, but only as names, v, infr,;—abs. ר׳: Is 30:7, רָָהַב Jb 9:13 +;—

1. mythical sea monster (cf. Barton:JAOS xv. 1 (1891), 22 f.): עֹזְרֵי ר׳: Jb 9:13; יָם 26:12 Ps 89:11; ‖תַּנִּיו Is 51:9.

2. emblemat. name of Egypt, רַהַב וּבָבֶל Ps 87:4; ‖מחרים Is 30:7.

מַרְהֵבָה n.f. boisterous, raging, behaviour;—Is 14:4; so read (for MT מַדְהֵבָה) Thes and most, after LXX; ‖נגשׂ (cf. 3:5).

רהג (√ of foll.; Ar. رَهَجَ is raise (dust, a tumult, conflict, etc.), Lane).

† רָהְגָּה Qr, רוהגה Kt, n.pr.m. in Asher 1 Ch 7:34; A. Ογα, LXXL Ραγουε.

† [רָהָה] vb. dub., appar. fear;—Qal Impf. 2 mpl. אַל־תִּפְתֲדוּ וְאַל־תִּרְהוּ Is 44:8; Thes תּרְהוּ, but no √ ירהּ; Ew Brd Buhl:Lex 13 תִּֽרְאוּ; (יָרֵא); > Lag Gr Che:Hpt תִּרְהֲבוּ (in Syr. sense).

I. רהט (√ of foll., prob. collect, gather, cf. AR. رَهَطَ 1, VIII. be collected, congregated, cf. Nö:ZA xii. 186; Targum רָטַיָּא = רְהָטִים, Gn 30:38, 30:41, Ex 2:16; Syr. ܪܳܗܛܳܐ is appar. conduit, also reservoir (?); As. râṭu, vessel for water, provisions, etc.).

† 1. [ר֫הַט] n. [m.] trough (where water is collected ?);—for watering cattle;—pl. רְהָטִים Gn 30:38, 30:41, Ex 2:16 (all J).

II. רהט (√ of two foll.; perhaps Aram. רְהַט = רוּץ run, flow).

11. [רַ֫הַט] n. [m.] dub., Thes and most lock of hair (? fr. flowing down);—pl. רְהָטִים Ct 7:6.

† [רָהִיט] n.m. coll. rafters? boards? (as strips running between beams ? so Bu conj.; cf. Syr. ܪܳܗܛܳܐ boards (?) , Nö in Bu);—sf. רָהִימֵנוּ Ct 1:17 Qr (Kt רחיטנו; Codd. רַח׳: Baer:p. 46 Kö:ii. 1, 149), ‖קִרוֹת .

רוֹב v. רֹב sub רבב. [רוּב] v. ריב. p. 913, 936

† רוּד vb. wander restlessly, roam (cf. Ar. رَادَ (و) go to and fro [Nö:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 539], Eth. roda: run upon, invade, attack);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. עִד רָד עִם אֵל Ho 12:1, fig., crpt., LXX appar. עַתָּ יְדָעָם, We עִדַּר דַּעַת lacks knowledge, Now יָדֻעַ, Bewer:JBL xxi (1902), 108 f. עֹד יְדָעָס; 1 pl. רֵדְנוּ Je 2:31 fig. of Isr.; read וְרַדְתִּי perh. Ju 11:37 lit., v. ירד 1 g. Hiph. shew restlessness: Impf. 2 ms. כַּאֲשֶׁר תָּרִיד Gn 27:40 (dub. Nö:l. c. 540); 1 s. אָדִיד בְּשִׂיתִי Ps 55:3 I shew restlessness (?) in my murmuring.

† [מָרוֹד, Kö:il. l:127 f.] n. [m.] restlessness, straying (?);—sf. ניִי וּמְרוּדִי La 3:19; pl. sf. יְמֵי עָנְיָהּ וּמְרוּדֶיהָ La 1:7 (rd. prob. מְרוּדָהּ Nö:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 539); pl. וַעֲנִיִּם מְרוּדִים Is 58:7, usu. concr. the wandering (homeless) poor (Di thinks old Qal pass. Pt.; Che:Comm. rds. Hoph. מוּרָדִים; Buhl:Lex Hiph. מָרִידִים; Kö:ii. 1:128 takes MT abstr. for concr. [appos. of וַע׳:]; so Du Che:Hpt [וַע׳: gloss], read perhaps pt. רָדִים (מ dittogr.)).

† [רָוָה] vb. be saturated, drink one’s fill (NH in der. spec.; Ar. رَوِيَ; Eth. rawaya: Aram. רְוִי, ܪܘܳܐ);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְרָוְֽתָּה מִדָּמָם Je 46:10, fig. of sword (‖שָֽׂבְעָה , אָֽכְלָה); Impf. 3 mpl. יִרְוְיֻן מִדֶּשֶׁן בֵּיתֶָךָ Ps 36:9 (Ges:§ 75 u) fig. of men (‖תַּשְׁקֵם ); 1 pl. נִרְוֶה דֹדִים Pr 7:18 we will take our fill of love (‖נִתְעַלְּסָה ). Pi. Pf. 3 fs. רִוְּתָה Is 34:5, וְר׳: consec. v:7; 1 s. consec. וְרִוֵּיתִי Je 31:14; Impf. 1 s. sf. אֲרַיָּ֫וֶךָ Is 16:9 (read prob. אֲרַוַּ֫יִח Margolis:Am. J. Sem. Lang., Oct. 1902, 48, vid. also Kö:i. 589 f.; > אֲרַוָּ֫יֶח Sta:§ 634 e Ges:§ 75 dd); 3 mpl. sf. יְרַוֻּךָ Pr 5:19; Inf. abs. רַוֵּה Ps 65:11 (Ges:§ 113 z);—

1. intens. be intoxicated, drunk Is 34:5, fig. of sword; + מִדָּם v:7, of land (‖יְדֻשָָּׁן ).

2. causat., drench, water abundantly, c. acc. תְּלָמֶיהָ (subj. י׳:); Is 16:9 c. acc. pers. + דִּמְעָתִי material; saturate (fig.), sate, וֶפֶשׁ הַכֹּהֲנִים דָָּשֶׁן ור׳: Je 31:14 (‖שׂבע ); sexually, דַּדָּיהָ יְרַוֻּךָ Pr 5:19. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִרְוָה Is 55:10, sf. הִרְוַנִי La 3:15; 2 ms. sf. הִרְוִיתָָנִי Is 43:24; 1 s. הִרְוֵיתִי Je 31:25; Pt. מַרְוֶה Pr 11:25;—saturate, water, c. acc. ארץ Is 55:10 (subj. שֶׁלֶנ, גֶּשֶׁם); cause to drink (fig.), c. acc. pers. etrei (לַעֲנָה) La 3:15 (‖הִשְׂבִּיעַנִי ); c. acc. pers. only (נֶפֶשׁ) Je 31:25 (‖מִלֵּאתִי ), abs. Pr 11:25; of Isr. satisfying י׳:, חֵלֶב זְבָחִים Is 43:24. Hoph. Impf. יוֹרֶא (יָרְוֶה ?) Pr 11:25 v. Toy and ירא p. 432.

† רִי n. [m.] moisture (for *רְוִי Sta:§ 117 c, or *רִוְיְ Kö:ii. 1, 64; cf. 11. כִּי);—abs. יַטְרִיחַ עָָב Jb 37:11.

† רָוֶה adj. watered;—ms. ר׳:, of garden גַּן (in sim.) Je 31:12, Is 58:11; fs. הָרָוָה Dt 29:18 (opp. הַצְּמֵאָה; appar. of herbage, in proverb, expression for everything); perhaps also cstr. רְוֵה Jb 10:15 = sated with afflication (for רְאֵה), v. [רָאֶה].

† רְוָיָה n.f. saturation (Lag:BN 51, 150);—abs. כּוֹסִי ר׳: Ps 23:5 (fig.), i.e. is well-filled Ges:§ 141 c; in gen. לָר׳: 66:12, but Vrss and most mod. לָֽרְוָחָה to (a place of) relief.

רוהגה v. רָהָגָּה sub. רהג. p. 923

רוח (√ of foll.; prob. breathe, blow (v. Gerber:46); cf. Syr. ܪܐܚ breathe; Ar. رَاحَ be windy; Eth. roh.a: flabello ventilare, ventulum facere; Ar. رِيحُ breath, wind, spirit, رُوحُ soul, spirit; NH רוּחַ, Aram. רוּחָא, ܪܽܘܚܳܐ wind, breath, spirit; also NH רֵיחַ, Aram. רֵיחָא, ܪܺܝܚܳܐ, all odour; NH רִיחַ, רוּחַ (usu. Hiph.), Targum Syr. Aph., all smell).

רוּחַ:378 n.f.:Gn 41:8 (less oft. m.:Ex 10:13 +) breath, wind, spirit;—abs. ר׳: Gn 8:1 +, רָוּחָה Je 52:23; cstr. רוּחַ Gn 6:17 +; sf. רוּחִי v:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Ps 104:30 +, etc.; pl. רוּחוֹת v:4 +, רֻחוֹת Je 49:36, רוּחֹת Nu 16:22, 26:16 (v. Br:רוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages);—†

1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.): a. רוּחַ פִּיו Jb 15:30 breath of his mouth, cf. 19:17; אַפֵּינוּ La 4:20 (fig. of king), of idols לאֹ רוּחַ בָּן Je 10:14 = 51:17, Hb 2:19, Ps 135:17; cf. Jb 9:18. b. as mere breath: cf. 2 e. דִּבְרֵי־רוּחַ Jb 16:3 i.e. windy words; לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Jb 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Je 5:13. c. as word of command: (1) of God: בְּרוּחַ פִּיו כָּל־ (נעשׂו) חְבָאָםPs 33:6, cf. Is 34:16 (‖פֶּה ); (2) of Messianic king: שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Is 11:4. d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger: (1) of God: מֵרוּח אַפּוֹ יִכְלוּ Jb 4:9, Ex 15:8 (poem), 2 S 22:16 = Ps 18:16, Is 30:28, 59:19; (2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיחִים Is 25:4. e. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַיִּים breath of life Gn 6:17, 7:15 (P); נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַפָּיו Gn 7:22 (P); Ez 37:5, cf. v:6, v:8, v:9, v:9, v:9, v:10, v:14 (breath or spirit), Ec 3:19.

2. wind (117 t.): a. wind of heaven: Gn 8:1 (P) Ex 15:10 (E) Nu 11:31 (J) 1 K 18:45 +, Je 10:13, thence 51:16, Ps 135:7; רוּחַ י׳: Ho 13:15, Is 40:7, cf. Jb 26:13 (Di Bu); † קָדִים(ה)רוּחַ east wind Ex 10:13, 10:13, 14:21 (J) Ps 48:8, Je 18:17, Ez 17:10, 19:12, 27:26, Jon 4:8; † חָפוֹן ר׳: north wind Pr 25:23; † יָם ר׳: sea wind (west wind) Ex 10:19 (J); †. הַיּוֹם ר׳: day wind, evening wind Gn 3:8 (J; cf. Ct 2:17, 4:6); † אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת four winds Je 49:36, Ez 37:9 (quarters?) Dn 8:8, 11:4 (fig. quarters; cf. b), Zc 2:10, 6:5; רוּהַּ סְעְרָה storm wind Ps 107:25, 148:8, Ez 1:4 (סְעָרוֹת ר׳:), 13:11, 13:13; רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Ps 55:9 (read poss. סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֹ Is 11:15 (read בְּעֹחֶם ר׳:, v. עֲיָם, עֹחֶם), etc; wind personif.: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 S 22:11 = Ps 18:11, 104:3, cf. Ho 4:19, Ps 104:4. b. quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ez 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֹן v:17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֹם v:18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם v:19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת v:20, 1 Ch 9:24 four sides; רָוּחָה Je 52:23 on the sides. c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Je 14:6; רוּחַ אֹ יָבֹּא בֵּינֵיהֶם Jb 41:8. d. air, gas, from womb (dub.): כְּמוֹ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Is 26:18 (Di, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Is 33:11 (Du, 3 c). e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַיָּי֑ Jb 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ 15:2; רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Is 41:29; רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Ec 1:14, 2:11, 2:17, 2:26, 4:4, 4:6, 6:9; cf. 1:17, 4:16, 5:15. †

3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב): a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לאֹ הָיָה בָהּ עוֹד רוּחַ 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4; מַה־זֶּה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1 K 21:5; יַתְּחִי רוּחַ Gn 45:27 (E); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֹ Ju 15:19, 1 S 30:12. b. courage: לאֹ הָיָה בָם עוֹד ר׳: Jos 5:1; נְגִידִים יִבְחֹר ר׳: Ps 76:13; מִחְרַיִם וְנָֽבְקָה ר׳: Is 19:3; תתעטּף רוּחִי Ps 77:4, 142:4, 143:4; לאֹ קָמָה עוֹד ר׳: Jos 2:11; יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ Pr 18:14. c. temper, esp. anger: רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין וגו׳: Ju 9:23; אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם 8:3; משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ Pr 16:32, cf. 25:28, 29:11, Jb 15:13; הֵנִיחוּ אֶת־רוּחִי Zc 6:8; Ec 7:9, 10:4. d. impatience or patience: קֹחֶר רוּחַ Ex 6:9 (P) impatience, hastiness of temper, cf. (of י׳:) Mi 2:7; קְחַר־רוּחַ Pr 14:29 (‖אֶרֶח אַפַיִם ); הֱחִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Jb 32:18 (Du breath; Di Bu divine spirit, cf. v:8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לאֹ־תִקְחַר רוּחִי Jb 21:4; הֲקָחַר רוּחַ י׳: Mi 2:7; אֶרֶח ר׳: Ec 7:8. e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; (ו)וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח (his) spirit was troubled Gn 41:8 (E) Dn 2:3, cf. v:1; מֹרַת רוּחַ Gn 26:35 (P) bitterness of spirit; עֲחוּבַת ר׳: Is 54:6, cf. Ez 3:14, Jb 6:4. f. as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָל־רוּחַ Ez 21:12, cf. Is 61:3, Pr 15:4, 15:13, 17:22, 18:14, Ps 143:7. g. disposition of various kinds, oft. unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ 1 Ch 5:26, 5:26, 2 Ch 21:16, 36:22, Ezr 1:1, 1:5, Je 51:11, Hg 1:14, 1:14, 1:14; הִנְנִי תֵן בּוֹ רוּח(וֹ)נ2 K 19:7 = Is 37:7; Nu 14:24 (J; v. עִם 4 b), Mal 2:15, 2:15, 2:16, Dt 2:30; רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Nu 5:14, 5:14, 5:30 (P); וְנוּנִים Ho 4:12, 5:4; רוּחַ עִוְעִיםIs 19:14; רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט 28:6; אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלהִֹרם בּוֹ(administrative) Gn 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ הְּבוּנָה Pr 17:27. h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ רוּחַ בּוּ Nu 27:18 (P; or g, as Gn 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַל־אֱלִישָׁע2 K 2:15, cf. v:9; רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, cf. Gn 2:21, 15:12, but Di al. g, as Is 19:14) Is 29:10; Mi 2:11; רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zc 13:2 (of lying proph.), cf. Ez 13:3. †

4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, ‖נֶפֶשׁ (25 t.): a. gift and creation of God: יֹאֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֹ Zc 12:1; רוּחַ אֱלוֹהַּ בְּאַפִּי Jb 27:3, cf. Is 42:5. b. God preserves it: פְּקֻדָּתְךָ שָֽׁמְרָה רוּחִי Jb 10:12, cf. 12:10; אֱלֽהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָָׂר Nu 16:22, 27:16 (P); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֹת Pr 16:2. c. it is therefore God’s spirit: Gn 6:3 (J; v. דִּין ad fin.). d. it departs at death: Ps 78:39 (Dr a wind that passeth away 2 e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Is 38:16 (Di principle of life), Ps 146:4; esp. 104:29, 104:30, Jb 17:1, 34:14 (cf. v:15), Is 57:16, Ec 8:8, 8:8 (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ מַה־דֶּרֶח הָרוּחַ Ec 11:5, cf. 3:21; over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶל־הָאֱלֽהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ 12:7; יְָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי Ps 31:6. e. disembodied being (dub., Di Du breath of wind): וְרוּחַ עַל־פָּנַי יַחֲלֽף Jb 4:15. †

5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ: a. desire (poss. 3 g), Is 26:9 (‖נֶפֶשׁ ). b. sorrow, trouble (prob. 3 e), Jb 7:11 (‖נֶפֶשׁ ).—1 S 1:15 v. קָשֶׁה. †

6. occasionally, (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, ‖לֵב , or synon. with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Ex 28:3, Dt 34:9 (both P; prob. 3 g); תּעֵי רוּחַ Is 29:24, cf. Jb 20:3 (Hi Bu Du wind of Job’s words), Ps 77:7 (LXX Sym SyrVer Jer troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Is 40:13; come into mind Ez 11:5, 20:32 (cf. לֵב Is 65:17, Je 3:16 +); 1 Ch 28:12. †

7. rarely of the will; also = רוּחַ נָכוֹן לֵב Ps 51:12 (= לֵב נָכוֹן 57:8, 57:8 +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה v:14; נָֽדְבָה רוּחוֹ Ex 35:21 (P; cf. נְדִיב לֵב Ex 35:5, 35:22 (P) 2 Ch 29:31). †

8. רוּחַ esp. of moral character; also = לַב רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁהEz 11:19, 18:31, 36:26; רוּחִי v:27, Is 59:21 (רוּחִי, ‖דְּבָרַי ; but prob. prophetic spirit 9 b); חָדָשׁ Ez 18:31, 36:26; נְכֵה רוּחַ Is 66:2; דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Ps 34:19 (cf. לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Is 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Is 65:14 (cf. 3 f); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרֶה Ps 51:19 (‖לֵב נִשְׁבָּר , cf. נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב 34:19, Is 61:1); Ps 32:2, Pr 11:13, 16:18, Ps 78:8, Ec 7:8 (cf. גְּבַהּלֵב Pr 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Pr 16:19, 29:23, Is 57:15; רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים v:15 (cf. 3 f). †

9. spirit of God (94 t.; not D or Je or any Deut. writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy prob. discredited from abuse by false prophets, v. נביא, נבא): a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Nu 11:17, 11:25, 11:25, 11:26, 11:29 (J), 1 S 10:6, 10:10 (cf. v:5), 19:20, 19:23; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as אֱלֽהִים רָעָה ר׳: 1 S 16:15, 16:15, 16:16, = רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳ :ר׳: v:14 = רָעָה א׳ :חלח ר׳: 18:10 (other narrative) = רָעָה י׳ :ר׳: 19:9; א׳ :ר׳: 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה v:23, cf. הָרוּחַ 1 K 22:21 = שֶׁקֶר ר׳: v:22, v:23 = 2 Ch 18:20, 18:21, 18:22 = רוּחַ י׳: 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23; cf. also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, ‖הַנָּבִּיא Ho 9:7; רוּחַ י׳: Mi 3:8 (‖בֹּחַ ) is prob. gloss (We Now); וְלאֹ רוּחִי Is 30:1; רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ez 2:2, 3:12, 3:14, 3:24, 8:3, 11:1, 11:5, 11:24 (Co gloss), 37:1, 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), cf. Elijah 1 K 18:12, 2 K 2:16. b. spirit as impelling proph. to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition prob. Nu 24:2, 2 S 23:2, 1 Ch 12:18; elsewhere in Ch.: 2 Ch 15:1, 20:14, 24:20; distinctly in Is:2, 48:16, cf. 61:1; so of ancient prophets, Zc 7:12, Ne 9:30, cf., of future prophetic gift, Jo 3:1, 3:2. c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מוֹשִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Isr.: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ על י׳: Ju 3:10, 11:29, cf. 6:34, 13:25, 14:6, 14:19, 15:14, 1 S 11:6, 16:13, 16:14; so also יְעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֹם Is 32:15; (2) resting upon Messianic king: Is 11:2, 11:2, 11:2; upon servant of י׳:, 42:1. d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Ex 31:3, 35:31 (P); understanding Jb 32:8 (‖נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי ); poured out by divine wisdom Pr 1:23. e. as energy of life: רוּחַ אֱלֽהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָָּיִם Gn 1:2 (P); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָָׂתְנִי Jb 33:4 (‖נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי ); as vital power, opp. בָשָׂר: Is 31:3; in cherubic chariot: Ez 1:12, cf. v:20, v:21, 10:17; reviving Israel Ez 39:29, Zc 12:10, Is 44:3. f. = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: קָדְשׁוֹ ר׳: Is 63:10, 63:11 = י׳ :ר׳: v:14 (= מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו v:9), cf. Ps 106:33; so also קָדְשְׁךָ ר׳: Ps 51:13 (in national prayer), cf. Ne 9:20, Ps 143:10; proph. of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֹכֲכֶם Hg 2:5, Zc 4:6; this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, Ps 139:7 (‖פָּנֶיךָ ; cf. v:8).

רֵיחַ:58 n.m.:Je 48:11 scent, odour (prop. breath);—abs. Ct 2:13 +, usu. cstr. Gn 8:21 +; sf. רֵיחוֹ Je 48:11, Ct 1:12, רֵיחֵנוּ Ex 5:21;—

1. scent, odour, of plants and fields Gn 27:27 (JE) Ct 1:12, 2:3, 4:11, 7:13, Ho 14:7, of ointments Ct 1:3, 4:10, of pers. and garments Gn 27:27, 27:27 (JE) Ct 4:11, 7:9, of water Jb 14:9; fig. of influence, reputation Ex 5:21 (J) Je 48:11.

2. term. techn., רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ odour of soothing (to God), tranquillizing odour (of ascending sacrifices, v. נִיחֹחַ) Gn 8:21 (J), elsewh. Ez 6:13, 16:19, 20:28; 20:41 and P: Ex 29:18, 29:25, 29:41, Lv 1:9 + 16 t. Lv, Nu 15:3 + 17 t. Nu.

† [רִיחַ] vb. denom. Hiph. (?), smell, perceive odour; -Impf. 3 ms. יָרִיחַ Jb 39:25, יָרַח 1 S 26:19 + 2 t.; וַיָּ֫רַח Gn 8:21; 3 mpl. יְרִיחָוּן Ps 115:6, יְרִיחָֻן Dt 4:28, etc.; Inf. cstr. הָרִיחַ Ex 30:38, etc.;—smell, c. acc. Gn 8:21, 27:27 (JE), 1 S 26:19; abs. Dt 4:28, Ps 115:6; metaph. בּהֲרִיחוֹ אֵשׁ Ju 16:9, יָרִיחַ מִלְחָמָה Jb 39:25 the horse scenteh battle; c. ב Ex 30:38, Lv 26:31 (both P); metaph. = delight in Am 5:21, Is 11:3 (prob. dittogr. Br:MP 202).

† רָוַח vb. be wide, spacious (NH id., extend (intrans.), רֶוַח wide space; Ar. رَوِحَ be wide (between thighs), and deriv.; cf. perhaps Eth. raxawa: make open, open (der. spec.; Di:293); Aram. רְוַח be wide (usu. fig. as Heb.), ܪܳܚ, ܪܽܘܚ be wide, enlarged);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ר׳:, sq. ל pers. 1 S 16:23 fig. there was enlargement, relief, for Saul; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְוַח לִי Jb 32:20 that there may be relief for me. Pu. Pt. pl. מְרֻוָּחִים Je 22:14 spacious (of rooms; ‖בֵּות מִדּוֹת ).

† רֶ֫וַח n. m. 1. space, interval Gn 32:17 (E; וּבֵין…בֵּין:). 2. respite, relief, Est 4:14.

† רְוָחָה n.f. respite, relief;—abs. ר׳: Ex 8:11 (J); sf. רַוְחָתִי La 3:56 (Ew Löhr Bu:Comm. חַוְחָתִי my outcry; then del. שַׁוְעָתִי as gloss); rd. לָֽרְוָחָה also for MT לָֽרְוָיָה Ps 66:12 (v. sub רוה).

רְוָיָה v. רוה p. 924

† רוּם vb. be high, exalted, rise (OHeb., Ph., OAram., Palm., all in n. pr.; Sab. in רים epith. dei et regis Fell:ZMG liv (1900), 25 f. also in n. pr. Mordtm:ib. xxx (1876), 36 SabDenkm No. 14, 1. 1; Ar. رام be high, dial. of Oman (Jayakar:JA xxi. 813, 875) and Zanzibar (Prä:ZMG xxxiv (1880), 218); Eth. in deriv.; Aram. רָם, ܪܘܡ (very often in der. spec. and deriv.));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְרָם Dt 8:14 +; 3 fs. רָ֫מָה 1 S 2:1 +; וְרָאֲמָה Zc 14:10 v. רָאַם; 3 pl. רָמוּ Pr 30:13, Ps 131:1, רָָמּוּ Jb 22:12 (Baer Gi; Ges: § 20 i); Impf. יָרוּרָם Is 30:18 +, juss. יָרֹם Nu 24:7, וַיָּרָם Ho 13:6, Ez 10:4 [וֵיָּרֻם Ex 16:20 v. רמם]; 3 mpl. יְרֻמָוּן Is 49:11, etc.; Imv. ms. ר֫וּמָה Ps 21:4 +; Inf. cstr. רוּם Dt 17:20, Ez 10:16, כְּרֻם Ps 12:9 [Bae conj. כֶּרֶם], sf. רוֹמָם Ez 10:17 (Ges: § 72 q); Pt. רָם Is 6:1 +, pl. רָמִים 2:13 +, cstr. רָמֵי 10:33, etc, etc.;—

1. a. be high, lit. rock (in fig.) Ps 61:3 (מִן comp.); be (set on) high, רָָמּוּ Jb 22:12 (of stars), esp. pt., = adj., in gen. Is 2:12 (+ גֵּאֶה), of mts. v:14, Dt 12:2, hill Ez 6:13, 20:28, 34:6, throne Is 6:1, trees = tall 2:13, Ez 17:22, cf. (in fig.) Is 10:33 (רָמֵי הַקוֹמָה); human stature Dt 1:28 (מִן comp.), 2:10, 2:21, 9:2; רָמִים Ps 78:69 heights (of heaven; ‖אֶרֶץ ); רָמִים of inhab. of heavens Jb 21:22. b. esp. of י׳:, וְנִשָׂא Is 57:15, cf. Ps 138:6, + עַל־כָּל־הָעַמִּים 99:2, גּוֹיִם 113:4.

2. be raised, uplifted: a. of highway Is 49:11 (made high, put in order); voice, Dt 27:14 (pt. = adj.) uplifted. b. fig.: of hand, symbol of might, Dt 32:27, + עַל pers. Mi 5:8; of Isr. in Exodus בְּיָד רָמָה Ex 14:8, Nu 33:3 (both P); of י׳:’s hand Is 26:11, Ps 89:14 (‖תָּעֹז ); fig. of presumption Nu 15:30 (P); זְרוֹעַ רָמָה of might Jb 38:15; of eyes, fig. of arrogance Pr 6:17, 30:13, Ps 131:1 (‖גָּבַהּ לִבִּי ), so 18:28, but ‖ 2 S 22:28 of pers.; of heart, fig. of reckless elation, Ho 13:6, Dt 8:14, Ez 31:10 (בְּגָבְהוֹ, בְּקוֹמָה גָּבַהְתָּ) Dn 11:12, + מִן pers. Dt 17:20; of horn, fig. of triumph 1 S 2:1 (song), Ps 89:25 (v:18 see Hiph.), 112:9, so head 27:6 (+ עַל pers.), 140:9 (join ירומו to v:10, but read יָרִימוּ Che, cf. Hup-Now). c. of pers., be exalted (in fig.), king Nu 24:7 (JE; + מִן comp.; ‖תִּנַּשֵּׂא ); of God (י׳:, i.e. shew his exaltation) Is 30:18, 2 S 22:47 = Ps 18:47, Ps 21:14, 46:11; 46:11, + שָּׁמַיִם(הַ)עַל־ 57:6, 57:12, 108:6; עֶבֶד י׳: Is 52:13, י׳:’s people Ps 89:17; rebellious 66:7 (Qr; Kt Hiph.: shew exaltation); worthlessness (personif.) Ps 12:9; of city Pr 11:11.

3. be lifted, rise, of ark, מֵעַל־הארץ Gn 7:17 (J), so of cherubim Ez 10:16, cf. v:17; כְּבוֹד י׳: v:4 (מֵעַל הַכְּרוּב).—Pr 24:7 v. I. רָאמוֹת p. 910 b. Pō‘lēl Pf. 3 fs. sf. רֹמְמָָתְהוּ Ez 31:4; 1 s. רוֹמַמְתִּי Is 1:2, 23:4; Impf. 3 ms. יְרוֹמֵם Ho 11:7, sf. יְרוֹמְמֵנִי Ps 27:5, וִירוֹמִמְךָ 37:34; 1 s. sf. וַאֲרֹמְמֶ֫נְהוּ Ex 15:2 (Ges:§ 58 i), etc. (אֵרוֹמָם v. Hithpō‘l.); Imv. mpl. רוֹמְמוּ Ps 99:5, 99:9; Inf. cstr. לְרוֹמֵם Ezr 9:9; Pt. מְרוֹמֵם 1 S 2:7, sf. מְרוֹמְמִי Ps 9:14, f. רוֹמֵמָה Ps 118:16 (מ om., Hup-Now Bae; cf. Kö:i. 454);—1. a. raise, rear, children Is 1:2, 23:4 (both ‖גִּדֵּל ). b. cause tree to grow, subj. תְּהוֹם Ez 31:4 (‖גִּדֵּל ). c. rear, erect, temple Ezr 9:9. 2. lift up: a. in fig., acc. pers., subj. י׳: Ps 27:5 (+ בְּחוּר); + מִן comp. 2 S 22:49 = Ps 18:49, + מִן from 9:14; acc. om. Ho 11:7 (si vera l., cf. We Now). b. raise waves of sea, subj. wind, Ps 107:25. c. exalt, acc. pers., subj. י׳: Jb 17:4 (read perh. תְּרִמֵם, so Bu, cf. Di), Ps 37:34 (+ לָרֶשֶׁת אָָרֶץ); acc. om. 1 S 2:7, Ps 118:16 (in victory); subj. wisdom, acc. pers. Pr 4:8, cf. חְדָקָה תְּרוֹמֵם־גּוֹי 14:34. 3. exalt, extol, acc. י׳:, Ps 30:2, ‖אוֹדֶה Is 25:1, Ps 118:28, ‖הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ 99:5, 99:9, ‖הִלֵּל 107:32, ‖בֵּרַךְ 145:1, ‖אַנְּוֵהוּ Ex 15:2; acc. שֵׁם י׳: Ps 34:4 (‖גִּדֵּל ). Poō‘lal Impf. 3 fpl. תְּרוֹמַמְנָה Ps 75:11 be lifted up, of horns (cf. Qal 2 b); Pf. 3 ms. וְרוֹמַם 66:17 and he was extolled (so Ki al.; but v. רוֹמָם infr.); Pt. מְרוֹמַם Ne 9:5 extolled, of י׳:’s name (cf. Pō‘lēl 3), + עַל־כָּל־בְּרָכָה וג׳:. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵרִים 1 K 11:27 +; 2 ms. הֲרִימוֹתָ 2 K 19:22, Ps 89:43, וַהֲרֵמֹתָ֫ Nu 31:28; 2 mpl. consec. וַהֲרֵמֹתֶם 18:26, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרִים Gn 41:44 +, juss. יָרִם Nu 17:2, 1 S 2:10, וַיָּ֫רֶם Ex 7:20 +, sf. וַיְרִימֶהָ Gn 31:45, etc.; Imv. ms. הָרֵם Ex 14:16, Is 58:1, הָרִימָה Ps 74:3, etc.; Inf. cstr. הָרִים Is 10:15 +, sf. הֲרִימִי Gn 39:18, etc.; Pt. מֵרִים Ex 35:24 +, etc.;—1. a. (I) raise, lift, c. acc., hand Ex 17:11 (E), Nu 20:11 (P), + אֶל־י׳: (in both) Gn 14:22 cf. (אֶל־הַשָּׁמַיִם) Dn 12:7, + ב pers. against 1 K 11:26, 11:27; feet, פְּעָמִים Ps 74:3, i.e. run (+ ל dir.); hand or foot Gn 41:44 (E), i.e. make any movement (hyperb.); head Ps 110:7 (As. ullû rêšu Dl:HWB 62 a), cf. יָרִימוּ 140:9 (so rd., v. Qal 2 b); face, אֶל־י׳: Ezr 9:6; hand of another, subj. י׳:, fig. of giving strength to, Ps 89:43, so head 3:4; c. acc. of rod Is 10:15, Ex 14:16 (P), הֵרִים בַּמַּטֶה 7:20 (E); rod subj., c. acc. rei Is 10:15. (2) raise poor אֶבְיוֹן, c. מִן loc. 1 S 2:8, Ps 113:7. b. lilft up voilce Gn 39:15, 39:18 (J; both + קָרָא), Is 40:9, 40:9 (acc. om.), 58:1, Ezr 3:12; + בִּתְרוּעָה Ez 21:27, בַּחֲחֹחְרוֹת 2 Ch 5:13; + ל pers. Is 13:2, לָעָב Jb 38:84, + עָל pers. against 2 K 19:22 = Is 37:23; הֵרִים בְּקוֹל 1 Ch 15:16. c. (take into one’s hand and) lift, take up, stone Jos 4:5 (JE; עַל־שִׁכְמוֹ), leg (of sacrif. meal) 1 S 9:24, mantle 2 K 2:13, axe 6:7 (acc.om.), yoke Ho 11:4 (עַל־לְחֵיהֶם), censers Nu 17:2 (P; + מִבֵּין), ashes Lv 6:3. d. set up, erect, stone as מַצֵּבָה Gn 31:45 (E); standard, + אֶל of people Is 49:22, עַל 62:10. e. set on high, throne, מִמַּעַל לְכוֹכְבֵי אֵל Is 14:13; nest (subj. נֶשֶׁר) Jb 39:27. f. lilft up, exalt, c. acc. pers., subj. י׳: 1 K 14:7, 16:2, Ps 89:20 (all c. מִן), Ps 75:8 (opp. יַשְׁפִּיל); subj. קָלוֹן Pr 3:35, cf. 14:29; c. acc. קֶרֶן, in both good and bad sense (cf. Qal 2 b) 1 S 2:10, La 2:17 (לַמָּרוֹם), Ps 89:18 (Kt; Qr Qal), 92:11, 148:14, Ps 75:5, 75:6; but 1 Ch 25:5 sound the horn; inf. = exaltation Ps 75:7, 66:7 v. Qal 2 c. 2. lift up and take away, remove, c. acc. הָעֲטָרָה Ez 21:31 (‖הֵסִיר ); acc. rei + מִן loc. Is 57:14, Lv 2:9, 4:8, 4:19, 6:8; = do away with, גְּרֻשֹׁתֵיכֶם Ez 45:9 (מֵעַל of people), הַתָּמִיד Dn 8:11 (Kt; Qr Hoph.); = set apart, מֶכֶס Nu 31:28 (מִן pers.). 3. lift off and present, contributes offer: a. to י׳:, c. acc. cogn. תְּרוּמָה, Ez 45:13, 48:8, 48:20, Nu 15:20, 15:20 (P), Ex 35:24 (P); + לי׳: Ez 45:1, 48:9, Nu 15:19, 18:19, 18:24, 31:52; תְּרוּמַת י׳: 18:26 (+ מִן rei), v:82, v:29 (all P); בֵּית־א׳ :ת׳: Ezr 8:25. b. c. acc. rei, + לְי׳: Lv 22:15. c. contribute, acc. rei, ל pers. (for sacrif.), 2 Ch 30:24, 30:24, 35:7, 35:8 (acc. om.), v:9. Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּרָָם Ex 29:27, הֻרַם Dn 8:11 Qr (Kt Hiph.); Impf. 3 ms. יוּרָם Lv 4:10;—be taken off from (מִן) Lv 4:10 (P), cf. Ex 29:27 (P; ‖הוּנַף ); be abolished Dn 8:11 Qr (cf. Hiph. 2); Bev (after LXX) ins. Pt. מוּרָם after הַתָּמִיד v:13. Hithpō‘l. Impf. 3 ms. וְיִתְרוֹמֵם וְיִתְגַּדֵּל עַל־כָּל־אֵל Dn 11:36 and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; 1 s. (ת assim.) אֵרוֹמָ֔ם Is 33:10 (Ges:§ 54 c Kö:i. 454) I will raise myself (+ אָקוּם, אֶנָּשֵׂא).