נ

נ, ן Nûn, fourteenth letter; used as numeral 50 in postB. Heb.

I. נָא part. of entreaty or exhortation, I (we) pray, now (enclitic) (Syriac ܢܺܐ, ܢܺܝ; cf. Ethiopic ነዒ: veni, age! Di^{§ 160. 1} Lex⁶⁷⁵ Kö^{ii. 244});—attached:

1. to the imv., especially in colloquial style, when it expresses an entreaty or admonition, as Gn 12:13 אִמְרִי־נָא say, I pray, 13:9 הִפָּרֶד־נָא מֵעָלַי, v 14 שָׂא־נָא עֵינֶיךָ, 15:5 הַבֶּט־נָא השׁמימה, 24:2 + often, Nu 20:10 שׁמעו־נא המוֹרים, Ju 13:4; 16:6, 10, 28; 18:5, etc., Is 1:18; 5:3 Am 7:2, 5; rarely in a command, Gn 22:2 Is 7:3. Ironically, in a challenge, Is 47:12 Jb 40:10. Once anomalously attached to a subst., or (accents) prefixed to a verb, Nu 12:13 אֵ֕ל נָא֛ רְפָ֥א נָא֖ (Ew^{§ 246 a} Di אַל־נָא; v. 3 b).

2. to the pf. with waw consec., in a precative sense (Dr^{§ 119 δ}) Gn 40:14.

3. to the impf., when leave is asked, or a prayer or desire expressed; a. in 1 pers., especially with ה cohort., Gn 19:8 אוציאה־נא let me, I pray, bring out, v 20 אִמָּֽלְטָה־נָּא שָׁ֑מָּה, Ex 3:18 נלכה־נא let us go, I pray, אֵלְכָה נָּא 4:18 אִיעָצֵּךְ נָא עֵצָה let me give thee counsel, I pray, 1 Ki 1:12 Nu 20:17 Is 5:5; and in self-deliberation, Gn 18:21 ארדה־נּא I will go down, now! Ex 3:3 אסורה־נּא ואראה I will turn aside, now, and see, 2 S 14:15 Ct 3:2 Is 5:1; with אַל Jb 32:21. b. in 2 pers., with אַל, in deprecation, Gn 18:3 אל־נא תעבר מעל עבדך, 19:7; 47:29 Nu 10:31, etc.; hence ellipt. אל־נא do not, I pray, (do this,) Gn 19:18; 33:10 Nu 12:13 Ew Di c. in 3 pers., Gn 18:4 יֻקַּח־נָא let there be brought, I pray, 26:28; 33:14; 44:18, 33, etc., 2 S 14:11, 12, 17 1 K 17:21 2 K 2:9 ψ 7:10; 118:2, 3; ironically Is 19:12; 47:13, or defiantly Jer 17:15 where is the word of J.? יָבוֹא נָא; with אַל, Gn 13:8 אַל־נָא תְהִי מְרִיבָה, 18:30 אַל־נָא יִחַר לַאדֹנָי, 37:27 Nu 12:12.

4. joined to conjunctions and interjections: a. [אָהּ־נָא, contr.] אָ֫נָּא; v. p. 58. b. אַל־נָא, see above 3 b, c. c. אִם־נָא, especially in the phrase אם נא מצאתי חן בעיניך, used by one craving a favourable hearing †Gn 30:27; 33:10 Ju 6:17; 1 S 27:5, and with נא repeated in the request itself †Gn 18:3; 47:29; 50:4 Ex 33:13; 34:9; otherwise Gn 24:42. d. הִנֵּה־נָא behold, I pray, craving a favourable consideration of the fact pointed to by הִנֵּה, and of the request founded upon it (with which נא is often repeated), Gn 12:11; 16:2; 18:27, 31; 19:2, 8, 19, 20; 27:2 Ju 13:3; 19:9 1 S 9:6; 16:15 2 S 13:24 2 K 2:16, 19; 4:9 +, Jb 13:18; 33:2; 40:15, 16. e. (לנו) אוֹי־נָא לי Woe, now, to me (us)! †Je 4:31; 45:7 La 5:16. f. אַיֵּה־נָא where, pray? †ψ 115:2. g. נֶגְדָּה־נָּא, peculiarly, †ψ 116:14, 18 my vows to J. I will perform, נגדה־נא לכל־עמו O that (it may be) before all his people!

II. נָא adj. v. ניא.

† נֹא n.pr.loc. No = Thebes (Egyptian nt, city, i.e. prob. nē(t), v. Steind^{BAS i. 596 f.}; Assyrian Ni-ʾu, Ni-iʾ Dl^{Par 318} Steind ^l.c. Schr^{COT gloss}.; Tel Am. Nî (Ni-i) Wkl^{Tel Am. 39} Bez^{Tel Am. in BM 153});—הִנְנִי פוֹקֵד אֶל־אָמוֹן מִנֹּא Je 46:25 Amon from (of, 𝔊 ἐν = בְּ) No; נֹא אָמוֹן Na 3:8 No of Amon (= city of god Ammon, = 𝔊 Διόσπολις Ez 30:14, 16 Steind ^l.c.; v. also Jerem. and Billerbeck^{BAS iii. 104 f.}); Ez 30:14 (‖ פַּתְרוֹס, צֹ֫עַן), וְהִכְרַתִּי אֶת־הֲמוֹן נֹא v 15 (‖ סִין; but 𝔊 Co Berthol נֹף q.v. for נֹא) v 16 (‖ סִין, Co סון). It lay on the right bank of the Nile, c. 400 miles (by the river) S. of Memphis.

† נֹאד (Ju 4:19 Kt נאוד, i.e. prob. נְאוֹד), n.m. ^{Jos 9:4} skin-bottle, skin (√ unknown; NH נוֹד; Assyrian nâdu, Dl^{HWB 438}; Aramaic נוֹדָא);—נ׳ abs. ψ 119:83; cstr. Ju 4:19 1 S 16:20; sf. נֹאדֶ֑ךָ ψ 56:9; pl. נֹאדוֹת Jos 9:4, 13;—skin, נ׳ יַיִן Jos 9:4, 13 1 S 16:20; נ׳ הֶחָלָב Ju 4:19; for tears ψ 56:9 (fig.; v Che); נ׳ בְּקִיטוֹר i.e. shrivelled and useless ψ 119:83 (in sim.; cf. [De] Che Schu De Witt We > as thrust aside, out of the way Now (in Hup), cf. De, or as black and wrinkled outwardly, while retaining the choice wine within Bae, after Rosenm. Hup).—Vid. Winer^{RWB Art. Schlauch} Kmp ^{Ri HWB id.}

† [נָאָה] vb. only Piʿlel be comely, befitting (Thes Ol^{§ 251 a, 187 a} Sta^{§ 416 b} Ges^{§ 73. 2. R.4} SS Bae ψ 33:1 > AE Ki Hartm^{Plurilit.-bildungen (1875) 13 ff.} Nö^{ZMG xxx, 1876, 185} Now Hup ψ 31:1, 93:5 Buhl Niph. √ I. אוה desire, i.e. desirable, beautiful; NH נאה Pi. Hithp.; 𝔗 נוֹאִי beauty);—Piʿlel Pf. נַאֲוָה ψ 93:5 (so van d. H Ginsb; Mass Baer De^{ad loc.} נָֽאֲוָה = נָאוָה v. נָאוֶה adj., but v Sta^{§ 155 b. n}); נָאווּ Is 52:7 Ct 1:10 (on form cf. Ges^l.c.);—

1. be comely; of feet of messenger, (fig.) Is 52:7; of cheeks Ct 1:10.

2. be befitting: לְבֵיתְךָ נ׳־קֹדֶשׁ ψ 93:5.

† נָאוֶה adj. comely, seemly;—נ׳ m. Ct 2:14 + 3 times; f. נָאוָה ψ 33:1 + 4 times, נָוָה Je 6:2;—

1. comely, beautiful, of woman Ct 1:5; 6:4 (‖ יָפָה); of face 2:14 (מַרְאֶה); so נָוָה Je 6:2 (fig. of Jerus.; ‖ מְעֻנָּגָה); of mouth Ct 4:3 (‖ שְׂפָתוֹת).

2. seemly, of praise תְּהִלָּה ψ 33:1; 147:1; subj. שְׂפַת־יֶתֶר Pr 17:7 (cf. Ct 4:3); תַּעֲנוּג 19:10; כָּבוֹד 26:1. So also ψ 93:5 Mass (anom. fem.) v. [נאה] supr.

נְאוֹת v. ii. [נָוָה] sub II. נוה.

נאם (√ of foll.: cf. نَأَمَ groan, sigh; perhaps also NH נוּם speak).

נְאֻם₃₇₆ n.m. utterance (Ba^{NB 82 e} Kö^{Lgb ii. 501} > older expl. as Pt. pass.);—נ׳ always thus, as cstr.:—

1. utterance, declaration, revelation, of prophet in ecstatic state נ׳ בלעם Nu 24:3, 15; נ׳ שֹׁמֵעַ אִמְרֵי אֵל v 4, 16; נ׳ הַגֶּבֶר v 3, 15 2 S 23:1 Pr 30:1; נ׳ דוד 2 S 23:1; נ׳ פֶּשַׁע ψ 36:2 (transgression personified, speaking with proph. voice בְּקֶרֶב לִבּוֹ); elsewhere always

2. before divine names (except Je 23:31 see vb.): נ׳ יהוה utterance, declaration of י׳ (prophet citing divine word given through him), Gn 22:16 (J), Nu 14:28 (P), 2 K 9:26^(×2); 19:33 = Is 37:34, 2 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 34:27, Is 14:22; 30:1; 31:9 Ez 13:6, 7; 16:58; 37:14 Ho 2:15, 18, 23; 11:11 Jo 2:12 Ob 4; 8 Mi 4:6; 5:9 Zp 1:2, 3, 10; 3:8 Zc 8:17; 10:12; 11:6; 12:1, 4; 13:8 Mal 1:2 + Is ² 12 times, Je 162 times, Am 14 times, Hg 5 times, Zc 1 (1–8) 6 times; sq. אלהי ישׂראל 1 S 2:30 Is 17:6; י׳ אֱלֹהֵי (הַ)צְבָאוֹת Am 6:8, 14; נ׳ י׳ צְבָאוֹת Is 14:22, 23; 17:3; 22:25 Je 8:3; 25:29; 30:8; 49:26 Na 2:14; 3:5 Zc 13:2, 7 + Hg 5 times, Zc 1 (1–8) 7 times; sq. אלהי ישׂראל Zp 2:9; האדון י׳ צ׳ Is 1:24; 19:4; אֲדֹנָי י׳ אֶלֹהֵי הַצּ׳ Am 3:13; אדני י׳ צ׳ Is 3:15 Je 49:5; הַמֶּלֶךְ י׳ צ׳ 46:18; 48:15; 51:57; נ׳ אדני יהוה Is 56:8 Je 2:22 Am 4:5; 8:3, 9, 11 + Ez 82 times נְאֻם begins sentence only Is 56:8 ψ 110:1; often in middle Is 49:18 Am 3:10 +; most frequently at end Is 54:17 Am 2:11; 4:3 +; found in all proph. except Hab., Jon.; not in H D of Hex, Chr (except ‖ Kings), Dan., Job or the five Megilloth.

† [נָאַם] vb. denom. utter a prophecy, speak as prophet;—

Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּנְאֲמוּ נְאֻם Je 23:31 and they uttered (in the prophetic manner), it as an utterance (of י׳); they used the prophetic formula (cf. אֹמְרִים נְאֻם י׳ Ez 13:6, 7).

† [נָאַף] vb. commit adultery (NH id.; Aramaic נְאַף (rare));—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִנְאַף Lv 20:10^(×2); 3 mpl. וַיִּנְאָ֑פוּ Je 5:7 + 3 times Impf., Inf. abs. נָאוֹף 23:14; נָאֹף Ho 4:2 Je 7:9; Pt. נֹאֵף Pr 6:32 Jb 24:15; fs. נֹאָ֑פֶת Lv 20:10; fpl. נֹאֲפוֹת Ez 16:38 + 2 times;— 1. lit. commit adultery: a. usually of man, always with wife of another; c. acc. woman, Lv 20:10^(×2) (H), Pr 6:32; elsewhere abs. Ex 20:14 = Dt 5:17 (Ten Words), Je 5:7; 7:9; 23:14 Ho 4:2; pt. m. Lv 20:10 (H), Jb 24:15. b. of women, only pt. Lv 20:10 (H), Ez 16:38; 23:45^(×2). 2. fig. of idolatrous worship, את האבן ואת העץ Je 3:9.

Piel Pf. 3 fs. נִאֲפָה Je 3:8; 3 mpl. נִאֵ֑פוּ Ez 23:37^(×2); Impf. 3 mpl. יְנַאֲפוּ Je 29:23; 3 fpl. תְּנָאַפְנָה Ho 4:13, 14; Pt. מְנָאֵף Is 57:3; pl. מְנָאֲפִים Je 9:1 + 4 times; f. מְנָאָ֑פֶת Pr 30:20 + 2 times;— 1. lit. commit adultery: a. of man, c. acc. woman, Je 29:23; pt. pl. Je 9:2; 23:10 Ho 7:4 Mal 3:5 ψ 50:18. b. of woman, abs. Ho 4:13, 14; pt. 3:1 Pr 30:20; pl. Ez 16:32; 23:37. 2. fig. of idolatrous worship, אֶת־גִּלּוּלֵיהֶן Ez 23:37; abs. Je 3:8, זֶרַע מְנָאֵף Is 57:3.

† [נִאֻף] n.[m.] adultery;—only pl. נִאֻפִים Ez 23:43 (but 𝔊 𝔖 Co נִאֲפוּ, cf. Berthol); sf. נִאֻפַ֫יִךְ Je 13:27 (Kö^{i. 151}); fig. of idolatrous worship.

† [נַאֲפוּף] n.[m.] adultery;—only pl. sf. נַאֲפוּפֶיהָ Ho 2:4 (Ba^{NB 216}), of idolatrous worship of Baal.

† נָאַץ vb. contemn, spurn (NH id., Pi.; 𝔗 נִיאוּצָא reviling);—

Qal Pf. נ׳ Pr 5:12; 3 pl. נָֽאֲצוּ Pr 1:30; נָאָ֑צוּ ψ 107:11; Impf. יִנְאַץ Pr 15:5; יִנְאָצ֑וּן Je 33:24, etc.;—contemn, subj. wicked and foolish, obj. תּוֹכַחַת Pr 1:30; 5:12; obj. מוּסָר Pr 15:5; עֵצָה ψ 107:11; Je 33:24 (obj. עַם י׳; cf. Gie); subj. י׳ Dt 32:19 Je 14:21 La 2:6.

Pi. Pf. נִאֵץ ψ 10:3, 13; נִאַ֫צְתָּ 2 S 12:14, etc.; Impf. יְנָאֵץ ψ 74:10, sf. יְנַאֲצֻנִי Nu 14:11; Inf. abs. נִאֵץ (Sta^{§ 221}) 2 S 12:14; Pt. sf. מְנָֽאֲצַי Nu 14:23; מְנַאֲצַי Je 23:17; מְנַאֲצָ֑יִךְ Is 60:14;—contemn, spurn, subj.men, obj. י׳, etc.: Nu 14:11, 23; 16:30 (all J), Dt 31:20 Is 1:4 ψ 10:3, 13 Je 23:17; obj. שֵׁם י׳ ψ 74:10, 18; אִמְרַת י׳ Is 5:24; מִנְחַת י׳ 1 S 2:17; once obj. Jerus. Is 60:14; cause to contemn (blaspheme AV RV) 2 S 12:14^(×2) (but אֹיְבֵי prob. interp.; v Comm).

Hiph. Impf. יָנֵ֯אץ v. נצץ. Hithpoʿel Pt. כל־היום שְׁמִי מִנֹּאָץ Is 52:5 every day is my name contemned.

† נְאָצָה n.f. contempt, contumely;—יוֹם צָרָה וְתוֹכֵחָה וּנ׳ 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3.

† [נֶאָצָה] n.f. contempt (toward י׳), blasphemy;—pl. נֶאָצוֹת Ne 9:18, 26 c. עָשָׂה, of Isr.; נָאָצוֹתֶיךָ Ez 35:12 of Mt. Seir, spoken against הרי ישׂראל.

† נָאַק vb. groan (Aramaic נְאַק (rare));—

Qal Pf. וְנָאַק consec. Ez 30:24 c. acc. cogn. fig. of Pharaoh before king of Babylon (emend. Co v. נַאֲקָה Impf. Jb 24:12 וִנְאָ֑קוּ.

† [נְאָקָה] n.f. groan, groaning;—cstr. נַאֲקַת Ex 6:5; sf. נַאֲקָתָם Ex 2:24 Ju 2:18; pl. cstr. נַאֲקוֹת Ez 30:24;—groaning of oppressed people Ex 2:24; 6:5 Ju 2:18; of a wounded man Ez 30:24; (𝔊 Co וּבָזַז בִּוָּה for MT וְנָאַק נַאֲקוֹת, but cf. Berthol).

[נָאַר] vb. only Pi. exact meaning uncertain; prob. (from context) abhor, spurn (De comp. Arabic نار abhor, but this is med. و);—

Pi. Pf. subj. י׳, נִאֵר La 2:7 (obj. מִקְדָּשׁוֹ; ‖ זָנַח); 2 ms. נֵאַרְתָּה ψ 89:40 (obj. בְּרִית עַבְדְּךָ; ‖ חִלֵּל, and זָנַח, מָאַם v 39; doubts cast on text by Hup (reading נאץ), Now, Bu La 2:7).

† נֹב n.pr.loc.

1. ancient priestly city 1 S 22:19 cf. v 11 c. ה loc. נֹ֫בֶה (Ges^{§ 90, 2 ad fin.}), 21:2; 22:9; 𝔊 Νομβα, Νομμα, Νοβα, etc.; perhaps = נְבוֹ (q.v.) Ezr 2:29 = Ne 7:33, Ezr 10:43, 𝔊 Ναβον, Ναβια, etc. Site dub.; on Jerome’s identif. with Nobe near Lydda cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 189}; a Bēt Nūbā lies c. 13 m. WNW. from Jerus., c. 10 SE. from Lydda.

2. Is 10:32 just N. of Jerus., station in (ideal) Assyrian march; cf. Ne 11:32 (inhab. by Benjamites); perhaps = 1. —2 S 21:16 read גֹּב (q.v. p. 146 supr.)

נבא (√ of foll.; Ew Fl De Kö^{Lgb ii. 1, 133} al. comp. Arabic نَبَأَ]نَبَأَ utter a low voice, or sound (especially of dog); announce; but also be exalted, elevated, (نَبْأَةٌ eminence); iii, iv. acquaint, inform, نَبَأٌ information, announcement, intelligence]; Assyrian nabû, call, proclaim, name, Dl^{HWB 441}; Ethiopic ነበበ: speak; Sab. תנבא? cf. Levy-Os^{ZMG xix. 1865, 208} CIS ^{iv. 1, No. 31}; v. in Biblical Aramaic Appendix. Ges Kue al. think weakened form of נבע bubble up, pour forth (of flow of words under excitement of inspiration); Hup Ri Sch cf. נאם; v. careful discussions by RS^{Proph. ii, n. 18} Kö^{OB i. 71 ff.})

נָבִיא₃₀₆ n.m. spokesman, speaker, prophet—נ׳ Gn 20:7 + 155 times; sf. נְבִיאֶ֑ךָ Ex 7:1; pl. נְבִיאִים Nu 11:29 + 82 times; נְבִאִים Je 27:18 + 16 times; sf. נְבִיאַי ψ 105:15; נְבִאָיו 1 K 22:22; נְבִיאָו֯ 2 K 17:13, etc.;—

1. genuine prophet of י׳, נביא, anciently called רֹאֶה, 1 S 9:9 (antiquarian note); change prob. occurred in times of Elijah and is first reflected in Ephr. lit. as applied to Abraham Gn 20:7; Moses Dt 34:10, M. and other early proph. Ho 6:5; 12:11^(×2), 14^(×2) Am 2:11, 12; of proph. in ecstatic state Nu 12:6 (E), 11:24 (JE). So in Judaic lit., of prophet like Moses Dt 18:15, 18 (D), of Aaron (as mouthpiece of M.) Ex 7:1 (P), of Sam. 1 S 3:20, an unknown Ju 6:8; in time of Sam. proph. were organized in bands: †הֶבֶל נביאים 1 S 10:5, 10; †להקת הנ׳ 1 S 19:20; and in time of Elijah were †בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים = members of prophets’ guilds 1 K 20:35 2 K 2:3, 5, 7, 15; 4:1, 38^(×2) נָבִיא of genuine proph. (besides phrases), in Judaic prophets, only of Jer., Je 1:5; Ezekiel, Ez 2:5 = 33:33; of ancient prophets Je 28:8, 9^(×3) Zc 1:6; 8:9; especially †הנביאים הראשׁנים Zc 1:4; 7:7, 12, cf. †עבדי(ו) הנביאים my (his) servants the prophets 2 K 9:7; 17:13, 23; 21:10; 24:2 (all R^D) Ezr 9:11 Dn 9:10 Je 7:25; 25:4; 26:5; 29:19; 35:15; 44:4 Am 3:7 Zc 1:6, cf. Ez 38:17 Dn 9:6; †עבדוֹ הַנּ׳ his servant the prophet 1 K 14:18 2 K 14:25; הַנָּבִיא with n.pr.: Jer, 2 Ch 36:12 Dn 9:2 + 31 times Je (but 𝔊 only 4 times, the rest prob. redactional, see Gie^{Jer. xxvii}); Elijah 1 K 18:36 (om 𝔊), 2 Ch 21:12 Mal 3:23; Nathan 2 S 7:2 + 10 times S. and K.; 4 times Chr ψ 51:2 (title); Isaiah, 2 K 19:2; 20:1, 14 = Is 37:2; 38:1; 39:1; 2 K 20:11; 2 Ch 26:22; 32:20, 32; Habakkuk Hb 1:1; 3:1 (titles); Haggai, Hg 1:1, 3, 12; 2:1, 10; Zech., Zc 1:1, 7 (titles); elsewhere several others in S., K. and Chr. 15 times; נביא is used elsewhere of genuine proph. only 1 S 9:9 + 34 times S. and K.; 1 Ch 16:22 = ψ 105:15, + 13 times Chr.; ψ 74:9 complains of absence of נ׳; לַחְתֹּם חָזוֹן וְנָבִיא Dn 9:24 v. חתם.

2. false prophets: †prophets as official class, beside priests, charact. as false prophets: Is 28:7 Je 2:26; 4:9; 6:13; 8:1, 10; 13:13; 14:18; 18:18; 23:11, 33, 34; 26:7, 8, 11, 16; 32:32 Zc 7:3, app. also 2 K 23:2 Ne 9:32 La 2:20 Je 29:1 Ez 7:26 (in these not characterized); always false (except of ancient and special prophets given above) in Am 7:14 Ho 4:5; 9:7, 8 Mi 3:5, 6, 11 Is 3:2; 9:14; 29:10 Je 2:8, 30; 5:13, 31; 14:13, 14, 15^(×2); 23:9 + 16 times; 27:9, 14, 15, 16, 18; 29:8, 15; 37:19 Ez 13:2^(×2), 3, 4, 9, 16; 14:4, 7, 9^(×2), 10; 22:25, 28 Zp 3:4 La 2:9, 14; 4:13; especially discredited Dt 13:2, 4, 6; 18:20^(×2), 22^(×2) Zc 13:2, 4, 5; such a prophet Hananiah called הַנָּבִיא Je 28:1, 5, 10, 12, 15, 17 (𝔊 omits in all but v 1, where Ψευδοπροφήτης). Usage of prophets themselves gives such a bad flavour to נביא, that we are not surprised that it is absent from exilic Isaiah, the Wisd. lit., and ψψ (except for special reasons in 3 ψψ given under 1).

†3. heathen prophets 1 K 18:20; 19:1; 2 K 3:13^(×2); נביאי האשׁרה 1 K 18:19; נביאי הבעל 1 K 18:19, 22, 25, 40 2 K 10:19; 1 K 22:6, 10, 12, 13, 22, 23 = 2 Ch 18:5, 9, 11, 12, 21, 22.

† [נָבָא] vb. denom. prophesy (in oldest forms, of religious ecstasy with or without song and music; later, essentially religious instruction, with occasional predictions);—

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִבָּא Je 20:1 + 7 times; 2 ms. נִבֵּאתָ Je 20:6 + 2 times; נִבֵּיתָ Je 26:9; 1 s. נִבֵּאתִי Ez 37:7; 3 pl. נִבְּאוּ Je 2:8 + 3 times; נִבָּ֑נוּ Je 23:21; Impf. 3 ms. יִנָּבֵא Am 3:8 + 9 times Impf.; Imv. הִנָּבֵא Am 7:15 + 27 times; Inf. הִנָּבֵא Am 7:13; sf. הִנָּֽבְאוֹ Zc 13:3; הִנָּֽבְאֹתוֹ Zc 13:4, + 4 times Inf.; Pt. נִבָּא Je 26:18 + (Ges^{§ 93 oo});— 1. prophesy under influence of divine spirit: a. in the ecstatic state, with song 1 S 10:11; 19:20 and music 1 Ch 25:1, 2, 3. b. the word of י׳: abs. Am 2:12; 3:8 (emend. יחרד We Now needless), 7:12, 13 Jo 3:1 Je 19:14; 26:18; 28:9; 32:3 Ez 11:13; 12:27; 21:19; 37:7; 38:17 but especially in phr. הִנָּבֵא וְאָמַרְתָּ Ez 12:27; 21:14, 33; 30:2; 34:2; 36:3; 37:7, 12; 38:14, 17; c. acc. Je 20:1; 25:30; 28:6; sq. עַל against Am 7:16 Je 25:13; 26:20 Ez 4:7; 11:4; 13:17; 25:2; 28:21; 29:2; 34:2; 35:2; 36:6; 38:2; 39:1; unto Ez 37:4; אֶל unto Am 7:15 Je 26:11, 12; 28:8 Ez 36:1; 37:9; against 6:2; 13:2; 21:2, 7; בְּשֵׁם י׳ Je 11:21; 14:15; 23:25; 26:9. 2. of false prophets: abs. Je 23:21 Ez 13:2 Zc 13:3^(×2), 4; c. acc. 1 K 22:12 = 2 Ch 18:11; שֶׁקֶר Je 14:14; 23:25; 27:10, 14, 16; 29:21; לַשָּׁ֑קֶר 27:15; בַּשֶּׁקֶר 5:31; 20:6, 29:9; נִבְּאֵי הַשּׁ׳ 23:26, cf. v 32; c. לְ 14:16; 23:16; 27:15, 16; 29:31; 37:19; sq. אֶל concerning Ez 13:16. 3. cf. heathen prophets, בַּבַּעַל Je 2:8.

Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. הִתְנַבִּיתָ 1 S 10:6; 1 s. הִנַּבֵּאתִי Ez 37:10; 3 pl. הִנַּבְּאוּ Je 23:13; Impf. יִתְנַבֵּא 1 S 10:10 + 7 times; 3 mpl. יִתְנַבְּאוּ Nu 11:25 + 5 times; Inf. הִתְנַבּוֹת 1 S 10:13; Pt. מִתְנַבֵּא Je 26:20 + 9 times Pt.;— 1. prophesy under influence of divine spirit: a. in the ecstatic state Nu 11:25, 26, 27 (J), with music 1 S 10:5, 6, 10, 13, in frenzy 1 S 19:20, 21^(×2), 23, 24; excited to violence 1 S 18:10 (= מְשֻׁגָּע mad 2 K 9:11); Je 29:26. b. apart from ecstatic state, abs. Ez 37:10, c. לְ 1 K 22:8 Je 29:27; על 1 K 22:18 = 2 Ch 18:17, 2 Ch 18:7; 20:37; בְּשֵׁם י׳ Je 26:20. 2. of heathen prophets of Baal in ecstatic state 1 K 18:29; בַּבַּעַל Je 23:13. 3. of false prophets 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9, Je 14:14 Ez 13:17.

† נְבוּאָה n.f. prophecy (late: earlier syn. חָזוֹן);—

1. a. specific and genuine 2 Ch 15:8. b. false Ne 6:12.

2. prophetic writing עַל־נְבוּאַת אֲחִיָּה 2 Ch 9:29.

† נְבִיאָה n.f. prophetess;—

1. a. of the ancient type endowed with gift of song, Miriam Ex 15:20; Deborah Ju 4:4. b. of the later type consulted for a word of י׳, Huldah 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22.

2. false prophetess, Noadiah Ne 6:14.

3. wife of Isaiah Is 8:3.

† [נָבַב] vb. hollow out (cf. Assyrian imbubu, flute, Dl^{HWB 443}, NH אַבּוּב id., Aramaic ܐܰܒܽܘܒܳܐ אַבּוּבָא id.; hence also Arabic أَنْبُوبٌ knots in reed, part of reed between knots, reed; vid. Hoffm^{LCB 1882, 321} Frä ²³ Fl in Levy^{TW i. 417});—

Qal Pt. pass. נָבוּב Jb 11:12 Je 52:21; נְבוּב Ex 27:8; 38:7;—hollowed, hollow: of altar of tabern. נְבוּב לֻחוֹת Ex 27:8; 38:7 (P); of pillar in temple Je 52:21; fig. אִישׁ נָבוּב Jb 11:12; i.e. empty, hollow-minded man.

נֹ֫בֶה v. נֹב

† I. נְבוֹ n.pr.loc. (prob. connex., at least for 2, with (Bab.) god Nebo, Nabû, cf. ii. נְבוֹ and Bae^{Rel. 15, 89, 259}; yet not certain, Nö^{ZMG xiii. 1888, 470} comp. Arabic النَبَاوَةُ the height, etc.): 𝔊 Ναβαυ;—

1. a. city in Moab Nu 32:3, 38 (where assigned to Reuben; both JE = נבה MI ¹⁴) Is 15:2 Je 48:1, 22 1 Ch 5:8; prob. on or near Mt. Nebo (v. infr.), cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 266 f.} Tristr^{Moab 338}. b. city in Judah, בְּנֵי נ׳ Ezr 2:29 = אַנְשֵׁי נ׳ אַחֵר Ne 7:34 (the men of the other N., so disting.—si. אחר vera l, cf. Ryle—from a? or from another נֹב?), Ezr 10:43;—this נבו in Judah perhaps = נֹב 1 q.v.

2. mt. in Moab, where Moses dies Nu 33:47 Dt 32:49 (הַר־נְבוֹ), 34:1 (id.; all P), six miles W. of Heshbon according to Onom. (ed. Lag²⁸³). Prob. = mod. Nebâ at NE. corner of Dead Sea, Survey^{E. Pal. i. 198 ff.} GASm^{Geogr. 562 ff.} Buhl^{Geogr. 266 f.} Tristr^{Moab 318, 338} Merrill^{E. of Jordan, 242 ff.}—Cf. פִּסְגָּה.

† II. נְבוֹ n.pr.div. Nebo (loan-wd. in Heb., cf. Ph. n.pr.m. נבו; = Assyrian Nabû, Schr^{COT Gloss. and} Is 46:1 Jastrow^{Rel. Bab. 124 ff.} Jen^Kosmol.pass. Tiele^{Assyrian u. Bab. Gesch. 532 f.} Say^{Rel.Bab. 112 ff.} (cf. Palm. n.pr. נבוזבד, ברנבו Vog^{Palm. No. 73}), and this perhaps √ nabû, call, name, v. נבא);—Babylonian god כָּרַע בֵּל קֹרֵס נְבוֹ Is 46:1.

† נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן n.pr.m. ( = Nabû-zêr-iddin, Nebo hath given seed, Schr^{COT 2 K 25, 8});—general of Nebuchadrezzar, always entitled רַב־טַבָּחִים 2 K 25:8, 11, 20 = Je 52:12, 15, 26; Je 39:9, 10, 11, 13; 40:1; 41:10; 43:6; 52:16, 30.

† נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר and (incorrectly) נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (v. also infr.) n.pr.m. Nebuchadrezzar, Nebuchadnezzar (Bab. Nabû-kudurri-uṣur = (prob.) Nebo, protect the boundary! Dl^{Calwer BL} Budge^Nebuchadn. (on kudurru, boundary, v Dl^{HWB 319}); poss. is also crown, and so Schr^{COT 2 K 24, 1}; Jäger^{BAS i. 471} proposes (thy) servant);—𝔊 Ναβον-χοδονοσ(σ)ορ; Can. Ptol Ναβοκολασσαρον Schr^{COT 490}, Abydenos etc. Ναβουκοδρόσορος, v. Schr^{ib. 2 K 24, 1};—the great king of Babylon (reigned b. c. 605–562), who captured Jerus. and carried Judah captive: most often נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל (נ׳ often om. in 𝔊 Je 21:2, 7 (but om. 𝔊 Gie), 22:25; 25:1, 9; 29:21; 32:28; 34:1 (v. Baer’s note; van d. H נבוכדנ׳), 35:11; 37:1; 39:1, 5 (v. on 34:1), v 11 43:10; 44:30; 46:2, 13, 26; 49:30; 50:17; 51:34; 52:4, 12 Ez 26:7; 29:18, 19, 30:10; so Qr Je 49:28 (Kt נבוכדראצור מ׳ ב׳); נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֑ (מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל om.) Je 32:1; 52:28, 29, 30. Spelt corruptly with n, נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר מ׳ ב׳ (cf. Schr^COT 2 K 24, 1 n.) 2 Ch 36:6 Dn 1:1 Je 27:6, 8, 20; 28:3; 29:3 Ezr 2:1 Qr (Kt נבוכדנצור מ׳ ב׳, cf. Je 49:28 supr.); נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר alone 2 Ch 36:7, 10, 13 (הַמֶּלֶךְ נ׳), Je 29:1; נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר מ׳ ב׳ 2 K 24:1, 10, 11; 25:1, 8, 22 Je 28:11, 14; נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר֑ 1 Ch 5:41; נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מ׳ ב׳ Ne 7:6 Est 2:6; נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר Ezr 1:7 (מ׳ ב׳ om.), נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר Dn 2:1^(×2), נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר֑ 1:18 (v. also Tobit 14:5, Jud 1:1 + often, as 𝔊 supr.)—On N. v. further Tiele^{Bab.-Assyrian} Gesch, 421 ff., 454 ff.

† נְבוּשַׁזְבַֿן n.pr.m. (Nabû-šêzibanni, O Nebo, deliver me, Schr^COT Je 39:13);—officer of Nebuchadrezzar, called רַב־סָרִיס (q.v.) Je 39:13.

נָבוֹת₂₂ n.pr.m. a Jezreelite;—1 K 21:1, 2, 3 + 16 times 1 K 21; 2 K 9:21, 25, 26. 𝔊 Ναβουθαι.

† [נָבַח] vb. bark (of dogs) (NH id.; Arabic نَبَحَ; Ethiopic ነብሐ:; Aramaic ܢܒܰܚ, נְבַח);—

Qal Inf. cstr. only כֻּלָּם כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים לֹא יוּכְלוּ לִנְבֹּחַ Is 56:10 fig. of helpless prophets.

† נֹ֫בַח n.pr.m. et loc.

1. m. a Manassite Nu 32:42 (JE), 𝔊 Ναβαν.

2. loc. in Gilead Ju 8:11, 𝔊 Ναβαι, Ναβε(θ); Nu 32:42 (formerly קְנָת, q.v.), 𝔊 Ναβωθ.

† נִבְחַז n.pr.div. god men of Avva, 2 K 17:31; name otherwise unknown, cf. Sch^{COT ad loc.}; 𝔊B τὴν Ἐβλαζερ, 𝔊L Ἐβλαιεζερ, A Ἀβααζερ καὶ τὴν Ναιβας; Thes comp. Mand. denom. ܢܒܰܙ = נבאז (Cod. Nasar. Norberg.) Codd. give variant נבחן cf. Baer^{ad loc.} Frensdorff^{Mas. Magna. i. 306}.

† [נָבַט] vb.Pi., Hiph. look (NH Pi. id.; Arabic نَبَطَ is well or issue forth (of water). Assyrian nabâṭu is shine Dl^{HWB 443}; Sab. epith. נבט protector (? lit. looking with consideration upon Mordt^{ZMG xxx. 1876, 37}); n.pr. נבטאל God has seen, i.e. considered Levy-Os^{ZMG xix. 1865, 231});—

Pi. Pf. consec. וְנִבַּט Is 5:30 look (lit.), sq. לְ.

Hiph. Pf. הִבִּיט Nu 21:9 + 3 times; וְהִבַּטְתָּ֫ 1 S 2:32, etc.; Impf. יַבִּיט Nu 12:8 + 4 times; וַיַּבֵּט 1 S 17:42 + 4 times, etc.; Imv. הַבֵּט 1 K 18:43 +; הַבֵּיט ψ 142:5 (or Inf. abs.), cf. La 5:1 Kt; הַבִּ֫יטָה ψ 13:4 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַבִּיט Ex 3:6 +, etc.; Pt. מַבִּיט ψ 104:32;—look: 1. lit., a. human subj., sq. אֶל־ Ex 3:6 (E), Nu 21:9 (JE), Is 8:22 (‖ פָּנָה לְמָ֑עְלָה v 21), cf. 51:6, Jon 2:5; sq. עַל־ Hb 2:15; sq. אַחֲרֵי Gn 19:17, 26 (J), Ex 33:8 (E), 1 S 24:9; sq. ה—ָloc., 119:6Gn 15:5 (שָׁמַ֫יְמָה), cf. Jb 35:5 (שָׁמַיִם); sq. דֶּרֶךְ־יָם 1 K 18:43; sq. acc. = look upon, behold Nu 12:8 (E), Is 38:11; abs. Jb 6:19 1 S 17:42 (‖ רָאָה), 1 K 18:43; 19:6 (sq. הִנֵּה), 1 Ch 21:21 (‖ רָאָה), so ψ 22:18. b. subj. eagle, abs. Jb 39:29 (sq. adv. לְמֵרָחוֹק). 2. fig.: sq. אֶל regard, shew regard to 1 S 16:7 (אֶל־מַרְאֵהוּ), cf. 2 K 3:14 (‖ רָאָה); pay attention to, sq. אֶל־ Is 22:8; = consider Is 51:1, 2; look unto י׳, sq. אֶל־ ψ 34:6 (read Imv. pl. 𝔊 𝔖 Che), Is 22:11 Zc 12:10; cf. ψ 119:6 sq. אֶל־כָּל־מִצְוֹת; cf. also Jb 36:25 (abs. sq. מֵרָחוֹק); sq. acc. אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ ψ 119:15, cf. v 18, Is 5:12; sq. acc. אָוֶן Nu 23:21 (‖ רָאָה); subj. עֵינִי, וַתַּבֵּט בְּשׁוּרַי בְּ׳ ψ 92:12 see its desire upon, gloat over (cf. רָאָה בְּ), diff. 1 S 2:32; sq. acc. adv. ψ 142:5 (יָמִין to the right; ‖ רָאָה); abs. Is 42:18 (sq. לִרְאוֹת of purpose); 63:5 Hb 1:5 (‖ רָאָה), so ψ 91:8 (בְּעֵינֶיךָ), cf. Pr 4:25, sq. לְנֹכַח (subj. עֵינֶיךָ; ‖ יַיְשִׁרוּ נֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ). 3. subj. י׳: sq. אֶל + מִשָּׁמַיִם ψ 102:20; sq. אֶל־ = look upon, i.e. endure to see Hb 1:13 (‖ רָאָה); so sq. acc. v 13, cf. 1:3 (or causat. Ew; ‖ תַּרְאֵנִי); sq. לְ, ψ 104:32 Jb 28:24; ψ 74:20 (לַבְּרִית); sq. acc. Is 64:8 (‖ הֵן), La 3:63 ψ 10:14 (‖ רָאָה); = regard, shew regard to, Is 5:12 Am 5:22 ψ 84:10 La 4:16, cf. ψ 13:4; sq. אֶל־ id. Is 66:2; abs. ψ 94:9 i.e. have power of sight, Is 18:4; sq. מִשָּׁמַיִם ψ 33:13; 80:15 Is 63:15 (‖ רָאָה), La 1:11 (‖ רָאָה), so v 12; 2:20; 5:1.

† [מַבָּט] n.m. ^{Zc 9:5} expectation = object of hope or confidence (lit. thing looked to);—sf. מַבָּטֵנוּ Is 20:6, מַבָּטָס v 5, מֶבָּטָהּ Zc 9:5;—of Cush as ally of Judah Is 20:5, 6; of Tyre as ally of Philistia Zc 9:5.

† נְבָט n.pr.m. father of Jerob. I (cf. Sab. נבט, נבטאל, v. נָבַט supr.);—only in phrase יָֽרָבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט 1 K 11:26; 12:2, 15; 15:1; 16:3, 26, 31; 21:22; 22:53 2 K 3:3; 9:9; 10:29; 13:2, 11; 14:24; 15:9, 18, 24, 28; 17:21; 23:15 2 Ch 9:29; 10:2, 15; 13:6. 𝔊 Ναβαθ, Ναβατ.

† נְבָיוֹת n.pr.gent. (Nab. נבטו = Nabataean and Nabataeans, Eut^{Nab 1, 4} and often, cf. נבט of Jewish trad. Nö^{ZMG xxv. 1871, 124}, נבט 𝔗 Is 60:7 (on form of name, and on ט = ת cf. Lag^{BN 51 f.}); in Assyrian Nabaitai, etc., Schr^COT Gn 25:13;^{KGF 99 ff.} Dl^{Par 296 f.});—as (eldest) son of Ishmael (brother of Kedar) Gn 25:13; 28:9; 36:3 (all P), 1 Ch 1:29; people (‖ Kedar) Is 60:7, cf. Nabataei + Cedrei Plin^{NH v. 11, 65}; 𝔊 Ναβαιωθ; Gk. Ναβαταῖοι.—See further Nö^{ZMG xxv. 1871, 122f.} Eut^{Nab p. 78} GASm^{Geogr. 547–629 pass.}

† [נֵ֫בֶךְ] n.[m.] spring (si vera l.) (√ unknown);—only pl. cstr. נִבְכֵי־יָם Jb 38:16 the springs, sources of the ocean (‖ חֵ֫קֶר תְּהוֹם);—Ol Siegf נִבְלֵי; Bu suggests נבעי = מַכֻּעֵי as poss.; but Gr Perles read נִבְכֵי Jb 28:11, also, for Mass. מִבְּכִי, cf. נָהָר 2.

† I. נבל (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

I. נֵ֫בֶל n.m. ^{Je 13:12} 1. skin-bottle, skin; 2. jar, pitcher;—נֵ֫בֶל abs. 1 S 10:5 +; cstr. v 3 + (on נֶבֶל v. Baer 1 S 1, 24);—

1. skin of wine, נֵ֫בֶל יַיִן 1 S 1:24; 10:3 2 S 16:1, cf. also Je 13:12^(×2); pl. נִבְלֵי יַיִן 1 S 25:18: fig. נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם Jb 38:37 i.e. clouds (‖ שְׁחָקִים).

2. earthen jar, pitcher: fig. of connexions of Eliakim כְּלֵי נְבָלִים Is 22:24; נִבְלֵיהֶם יְנַפֵּ֑צוּ Je 48:12 (‖ כֵּלִים יָרִוקוּ) in fig. of Moab (cf. ψ 2:9); נִבְלֵי־חֶרֶשׂ La 4:2 sim. of men of Judah (‖ מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי יוֹצֵר); sim. of destruction of Judah, שֵׁבֶר נֵ֫בֶל יוֹצְרִים Is 30:14.

† II. נֵ֫בֶל, נֶ֫בֶל n.m. ^{ψ 57:9} a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar (with bulging resonance-body at lower end); (perhaps = i. נֵבֶל, and then shape seems to favour lute; perhaps independent word, e.g. Egyptian loan-word, cf. nfr, lute, We^{Hpt 222});—abs. נֵ֫בֶל 1 S 10:5 + 3 times, נֶ֫בֶל ψ 71:22 + 3 times; נָ֑בֶל Am 6:5 + 2 times; pl. נְבָלִים 2 S 6:5 + 4 times; sf. נְבָלֶיךָ Am 5:23 Is 14:11;—harp (or lute), played at feasts and religious ceremonies, probably less simple, cheap and common than כִּנּוֹר (q.v.; often named with נ׳):— as mark of luxury, revelry Am 5:23; 6:5 Is 14:11, so 5:12 (כִּנּוֹר נ׳ תֹּף חָלִיל, also (not in bad sense) 1 K 10:12; played by wandering band of prophets 1 S 10:5 (list as Is 5:12); in worship 2 S 6:5; elsewhere only ψψ Chr. always in worship: ψ 57:9; 81:3; 92:4; 108:3; 150:3; כְּלִי נֶבֶל 71:22; נ׳ עָשׂוֹר a harp with ten strings 33:2; 144:9; 1 Ch 13:8; 15:16, 20, 28; 16:5 (כְּלֵי נְבָלִים), 25:1, 6 2 Ch 5:12; 9:11; 20:28; 29:25 Ne 12:27.—Cf. further Benz^{Arch. 273 ff.} Now^{Arch. i. 273 ff.} Dr ^{Amos 234 ff.} We^{Hpt 222 ff.}

† II. נָבַל vb. be senseless, foolish (NH נְבָלָה, נַבְלוּת of immodesty; Arabic نَبُلَ = (per contra) be noble, distinguished, نَبَلَ also be gracious (Frey); Aramaic נְבַל Pa. reject, despise, v. 𝔗 Na 3:6; Je 14:21; in deriv. as NH);—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. נָבַלְתָּ Pr 30:32 if thou hast been foolish in lifting up thyself (opp. וַמּוֹתָ). [Qal = be foolish †Pr 30:32 is doubted by Frankenberg Toy (where see various renderings), al., who think text crpt.]

Pi. Pf. 1 s. sf. consec. וְנִבַּלְתִּיךְ Na 3:6; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְנַבֵּל Dt 32:15; 2 ms. תְּנַבֵּל Je 14:21; Pt. מִנַבֵּל Mi 7:6;—regard or treat as a נָבָל (q.v.), i.e. with contumely, c. acc.: בֵּן מְנַבֵּל אָב Mi 7:6 son treateth father as a fool (with contumely); וַיְנ׳ צוּר Dt 32:15 and he treated with contumely the Rock of his salvation (i.e. י׳; ‖ נטשׁ); י׳ subj., Na 3:6 I will treat thee (Nineveh) with contumely (‖ וְהִשְׁלַכְתִּ֫י עָלַיִךְ שִׁקֻּצִים); Je 14:21 do not treat with contumely the throne of thy glory (‖ נאץ).

† I. נָבָל adj. foolish, senseless, especially of the man who has no perception of ethical and religious claims, and with collat. idea of ignoble, disgraceful;—abs. נ׳ 2 S 3:33 + 14 times; mpl. נְבָלִים 13:13 Ez 13:3 (𝔊 Co מִלִּבָּם); fpl. נְבָלוֹת Jb 2:10;—senseless, especially of religious and moral insensibility: עַם נ׳ Dt 32:6 (of Isr., unappreciative of J.’s benefits; opp. חָכָם), so of heathen nation ψ 74:18 (blaspheming name of י׳), גּוֹי נ׳ Dt 32:21 (‖ לֹא עָם); הַנְּבִאִים הַנּ׳ Ez 13:3 (si vera l., v. supr.); elsewhere as subst. (impious and presumptuous) fool, Is 32:5 (opp. נָדִיב noble-minded), characterized as at once irreligious and churlish, v 6; denying God ψ 14:1 = 53:2; insulting God 74:22, and God’s servant 39:9; Pr 17:7 arrogant speech becometh not the (impious and presumptuous) fool (whose faults it only makes the more conspicuous), much less do lying lips him that is noble (נדיב), v 21 (‖ כְּסִיל), 30:22 ונבל כי ישׂבע לחם (one of the things under which the earth trembles), בְּנֵי נָבָל Jb 30:8 i.e. ignoble men (‖ בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם); as one who might be expected to have a contumelious end, הַכְּמוֹת נ׳ ימות אבנר 2 S 3:33 was Abner (destined) to die, as a נ׳ dieth? of the man who amasses riches unjustly ובאחריתו יהיה נבל Je 17:11 i.e. will prove himself to be a נ׳; as acting immorally (with collat. idea of disgracefully) 2 S 13:13 ואתה תהיה כְּאַחַד הַנְּבָלִים בישׂראל (cf. נְבָלָה); f. only in כְּדַבֵּר אַחַת הַנְּבָלוֹת Jb 2:10 (of Job’s wife). Cf. Dr Dt 22:21, 32:6, 15, 21; ^{Psalt. 457}.

II. נָבָל n.pr.m. (on popular etymol. see 1 S 25:25 infr.);—a churlish man of Carmel, whose widow David married 1 S 25:3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 14, 19, 25^(×2) (כִּשְׁמוֹ כֶּן־ה֔וּא נָבָל שְׁמוֹ וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֹ), v 26 + 10 times 1 S + 2 S 2:2; 3:3. 𝔊 Ναβαλ.

† נְבָלָה n.f. senselessness (as shewn in disregard of moral and religious claims), especially of disgraceful sins; also disgrace;—always abs. נ׳;—

1. disgraceful folly, especially of sins of unchastity Ju 19:23 (wanton deed GFM), so דְּבַר הַנּ׳ הַזֹּאת v 24, 2 S 13:12; often עָשָׂה נ׳ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל i.e. do a thing disgraceful according to Isr.’s standard: Gn 34:7 (J), Dt 22:21 (cf. Dr on meaning of wd.; only here of woman), Ju 20:6 (+ זִמָּה), v 10 Je 29:23 (cf. לֹא יֵעָשֶׂה כֵּן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל 2 S 13:12); also of inhospitable churlishness 1 S 25:25 (v. i, ii. נָבָל, and especially Is 32:6); of profane action Jos 7:15 (Achan; עָשָׂה נ׳ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל); of senseless and irreligious language Is 9:16 דֹּבֵר, 32:6 (יְדַבֵּר).

2. contumely, disgrace עֲשׂוֹת עִמָּכֶם נ׳ Jb 42:8 (of י׳), i.e. deal out to you disgrace, expose you and punish you as נְכָלִים (cf. 2 S 3:33, sub נָבָל), because of your utterances about me.

† נַבְלוּת n.f. immodesty, shamelessness, lewdness of Isr. under fig. of adulteress Ho 2:12.

† נָבֵל vb. sink or drop down, languish, wither and fall, fade (NH id.; Assyrian nabâlu, destroy, Dl^{HWB 443 f.} Arabic نَبَلَ v, viii. die; Aramaic נְבֵילָא corpse);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ Is 40:7, 8 Je 8:13; 3 fs. נָֽבְלָה Is 24:4^(×2); Impf. 3 ms. יִבּוֹל ψ 1:3 + 4 times (on form cf. Ges^{§ 47 h} Ol^{§ § 911 e, 912.2}), 2 ms. תִּכֹּל Ex 18:18; 3 mpl. יִבֹּלוּ 2 S 22:46 = ψ 18:46, יִבּוֹל֑וּן ψ 37:2; 1 pl. וַנָּ֫בֶל Is 64:5 (on form cf. Di and Ol^{§ 236 e}); Inf. abs. נָבֹל Ex 18:18; cstr. נְבֹל Is 34:4; Pt. נֹבֵל Is 28:1, 4; f. נֹבֶ֫לֶת abs. Is 34:4; cstr. Is 1:30;— 1. sink or drop down, from exhaustion נָבֹל תִּבֹּל Ex 18:18 (Moses and Isr.); from discouragement 2 S 22:46 = ψ 18:46 (of foreigners, foes of Isr.); of mt. הַר־נֹפֵל יִבּוֹל Jb 14:18 (but נָפוֹל יִפּוֹל Lag ^{Proph. Chald.} Siegf Baer, after 𝔊, so Bu [or יִבְלֶה]; Du נָבוֹל יִבּוֹל). 2. usually droop like a leaf, or flower wither and fall, fade: כְּאֵלָה נֹבֶ֫לֶת עָלֶ֑הָ Is 1:30 like an oak falling as to its leaves (sim. of people of Jerus.); the host of heaven יִבּוֹל כִּנְבֹל עָלֶה מִגֶּפֶן וּכְנֹבֶלֶת מִתְּאֵנָה Is 34:4; לֹא יִבּ׳ עָלֵהוּ Ez 47:12 (trees in Ezek.’s vision), so fig. of good man ψ 1:3; of Isr. Je 8:13, וַ֫נָּבֶל כֶּעָלֶה Is 64:5; also נָבֵל צִיץ 40:7, 8 (both ‖ יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר), צִיץ נֹבֵל 28:1, cf. v 4; of wicked כְּיֶרֶק דֶּשֶׁא יִבּ׳ ψ 37:2 (‖ כֶּחָצִיר יִמָּ֑לוּ); of devastated earth אָֽבְלָה נָֽבְלָה הָאָרֶץ אֻמְלְלָה נָֽבְלָה תֵּבֵ֑ל Is 24:4.

† נְבֵלָה n.f. carcass, corpse (as inert, flabby);—נ׳ abs. 1 K 13:24 +; cstr. נִבְלַת v 29 +; sf. נְבֵלָתִי Is 26:19; נִבְלָֽתְךָ Dt 28:26 1 K 13:22; נִבְלָתוֹ Jos 8:29 + 6 times; נִבְלָתָהּ Lv 11:39, 40^(×2); נִבְלָתָם Is 5:25 + 14 times;—carcass, corpse:

1. a. human (not in Ez P, (H), which use פֶּגֶר); Jos 8:29 (JE), 1 K 13:22, 24^(×2), 25^(×2), 28^(×3), 29, 30 2 K 9:37 Je 26:23; 36:30 Dt 21:23; 28:26; coll. corpses Is 5:25; 26:19 (wish for restoration to life), Je 7:33; 9:21; 16:4; 19:7; 34:20 ψ 79:2. b. of lifeless idols, coll. נִבְלַת שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם וגו׳ Je 16:18.

2. of animals (clean and unclean, wild animals, cattle, birds and reptiles, chiefly Lv Ez), Dt 14:8; Lv 5:2^(×3) 11:8, 11, 24, 25, 27, 28, 35, 36, 37, 38; 17:15 (all P); נ׳ specif. = body of animal dying of itself Dt 14:21; Lv 7:24; 11:39, 40^(×2) (P), 22:8 (H), Ez 4:14; 44:31.

† נְבַלָּ֑ט n.pr.loc. place where Benjamites dwelt Ne 11:34. 𝔊L Ναβαλατ. Mod. Beit Nebâlâ, 6 m. NE. from Lydda, according to Guérin ^{Sam. ii. 67 f.}; Mishn. בית נבלטא Buhl^{Ges 12; Geogr. 197}.

† [נָבַע] vb. flow, spring, bubble up, poet. and late (NH id. (rare); Assyrian nabû, id., Dl^{HWB 442}; Arabic نَبَعَ well or issue forth (of water); Aramaic ܢܒܰܥ, נְבַע; Ethiopic ነብዐ ii. weep, አንብዕ tear(s));—

Qal Pt. נַ֫חַל נֹבֵעַ Pr 18:4 a flowing wady, metaph. of מְקוֹר חָכְמָה.

Hiph. Impf. יַבִּיעַ ψ 19:3 + 3 times; אַבִּ֫יעָה ψ 78:2 Pr 1:23; יַבִּ֫יעוּ ψ 94:4; 145:7; יַבִּיעוּן ψ 59:8; 3 fpl. תַּבַּ֫עְנָה ψ 119:171;— pour out, emit, cause to bubble, belch forth: 1. pour out, fig. אַבִּיעָה לָכֶם רוּחִי Pr 1:23 (‖ אוֹדִ֫יעָה דְבָרַי אֶתְכֶם). 2. cause to bubble, ferment זְבוּבֵי מָ֫וֶת יַבְאִישׁ יַבִּיעַ שֶׁמֶן רוֹקֵ֑חַ Ec 10:1. 3. fig., usually of speech, pour forth, emit, belch forth, emphat. expression: פִּי רְשָׁעִים יַבִּיעַ רָעוֹת Pr 15:28 (opp. לֵב צַדִּיק יֶהְגֶּה לַעֲנוֹת) i.e. the righteous considers before he speaks, the wicked bursts out with reckless utterance; פִּי כְסִילִים יַבִּיעַ אִוֶּלֶת Pr 15:2 (opp. לְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים תֵּיטִיב דָּ֑עַת); יַבִּ֫יעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק ψ 94:4 (‖ יִתְאַמְּרוּ כָּל־פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן); יַבּ׳ בְּפִיהֶם 59:8 (‖ חֲרָבוֹת בְּשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶם); in good sense, אַבִּ֫יעָה חִידוֹת 78:2 (‖ אֶפְתְּחָה בְּמָשָׁל פִּי); תַּבַּעְנָה שְׂפָתַי תְּהִלָּה 119:171; זֵכֶר רַב־טוּבְךָ יַבִּ֑יעוּ 145:7 (‖ וְצִדְקָֽתְךָ יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ, cf. also v 6); metaph. יוֹם לְיוֹם יַבּ׳ אֹמֶר 19:3, i.e. though silent, it really pours forth speech.

† מַבּוּעַ n.[m.] spring of water (Assyrian nambaʾu Dl^{HWB 442}, Arabic مَنْبَعٌ, Syriac ܡܰܒܽܘܥ );—abs. מ׳ Ec 12:6; pl. cstr. מַבּעֵי מַיִם Is 35:7; 49:10 (for returning exiles).

נִבְשָׁן v. בשׁן.

נגב (√ of foll. = be dry, parched, NH נָגַב, Aramaic ܢܓܶܒ, נְגוּב, נְגִיב.)

† נֶ֫גֶב n.[m.] south-country, Negeb, south (cf. Lag^{BN 78});—נ׳ abs. Gn 20:1 +; cstr. Jos 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Gn 13:14 +;—

1. south-country, i.e. a. specif. the region S. of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined (see cities in it Jos 15:21–32), but c. from hills S. of Hebron to Ḳadesh, אֶרֶץ הַנּ׳ Gn 20:1 (E), 24:62 (J), Nu 13:29 (JE), Ju 1:15 Jos 15:19; alm. = n.pr. הַנּ׳, הַנֶּ֫גְבָּה, Gn 12:9; 13:1 Nu 13:17, 22; 21:1 (all J), Dt 34:3 (JE), Dt 1:7 Jos 10:40; 11:16; 12:8 (all D), Nu 33:40 Jos 15:21 (both P), Ju 1:9 1 S 20:41 (but read הָאַרְגָּב, i.e. the mound 𝔊 (ἀργαβ) Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS), Je 13:19; 17:26; 32:44; 33:13 Zc 7:7 Ob 20 ψ 126:4 (sim.), Ez 21:3a (= Judah); נ׳ (no art.) Gn 13:3 (J), 1 S 30:1, Is 30:6 (cf. Di); of particular districts in the Negeb: נ׳ עֲרָד Ju 1:16 (cf. GFM), נ׳ יהוּדָה etc. 1 S 27:10^(×3) (cf. Dr), 30:14^(×2) 2 S 24:7 2 Ch 28:18; v. also Zc 14:10; רָמַת נ׳ Jos 19:8, רָמוֹת נ׳ 1 S 30:27; coll. c. pl. vb. = people of south-land Ob 19. b. land S. of Babylon Is 21:1 (cf. Di). c. = Egypt Dn 11:5, 6, 9, 11, 14, 15, 25^(×2), 29, 40 (v. Meinh Bev Behrm, cf. v 43).

2. hence south (opp. N., E., W.) Gn 13:14; 28:14 (both J), Jos 17:10 (P), 1 K 7:25 = 2 Ch 4:4, 1 Ch 9:24; 26:15, 17 (cf. v 14, 16, 18), Ez 21:3b, 9 Dn 8:4, 9, further 1 K 7:39 Zc 14:4; פְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Ex 26:18, cf. 27:9; 36:23; 38:9; 40:24 (of S. side of tabernacle); שַׁ֫עַר נ׳ Ez 46:9^(×2); פְּאַת נ׳ south side or border Nu 34:3; 35:5 Jos 18:15 (all P), Ez 47:19, cf. v 19 48:16, 28, 33; גְּבוּל נ׳ south boundary Nu 34:3 Jos 15:2, 4; 18:19 (all P), cf. מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ (הַגְּבוּל) on the south of Nu 34:4^(×2) Jos 15:3 (אֶל־מִנּ׳ לְ), v 3, 7; 18:13 (all P), Ju 21:19; מִנּ׳ abs. on the south Jos 18:5 (JE), 19:34 (P), 1 S 14:5 Ez 40:2; כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנּ׳ Jos 15:8, cf. 18:13, 16 (all P); נֶ֫גְבָּה 15:1, 2; 18:14^(×2), 19 (all P), 2 Ch 4:10 Ez 21:2 (Co; ℌ נגב), 48:10, 17; נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Jos 17:9 (P).—For נ׳ כִּנְּרוֹת 11:2 read נֶגֶד (𝔊 Di).

[נָגַד] vb. be conspicuous (NH in deriv.; Ph. n.pr.m. נגד; Arabic نَجَدَ conquer, overcome, also be apparent, conspicuous; نَجْدٌ high land or country; نَجُدَ be courageous, vigorous, effective, نَجِدٌ courageous, efficient; Aramaic ܢܓܰܕ, נְגַד drag, draw, lead; ܢܳܓܽܘܕܳܐ, נָגוֹדָא leader; Ethiopic ነገደ: is travel);—

Hiph.₃₂₈ Pf. הִגִּיד Gn 3:11 +, 3 fs. הִגִּ֫ידָה 1 S 25:19 +, הִגַּדְתָּ Gn 12:8 +, etc.; Impf. יַגִּיד 1 S 9:6 +; וַיַּגֵּד Gn 9:22 +; sf. יַגִּידֶ֫הָ Is 44:7; יַגִּדָהּ Je 9:11; יַגֵּֽדְךָ Dt 32:7 (juss.), etc.; Imv. הַגֵּד 2 S 18:21 +; הַגִּ֫ידָה Gn 29:15 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הַגֵּד Ju 14:12 + 2 times; הַגִּיד Je 36:16; cstr. לְהַגִּיד Gn 32:6 +; לגיד 2 K 9:15 Kt. (Qr לְהַגּ׳); Pt. מַגִּיד Gn 41:24; +; f. מַגֶּ֫דֶת Est 2:20; pl. cstr. מַגִּידֵי Ju 14:19;—declare, tell [usually sq. לְ of indir. obj. Gn 3:11 + often; ins. also 1 S 12:7 2 S 13:34 𝔊 Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu, so HPS 2 S 13:34 (1 S 12:7 he foll. ℌ as more diff.); sq. אֶל Ex 19:9 1 S 3:15; sq. לִפְנֵי 1 S 17:31 ψ 142:3; עַל־פָּנָיו Jb 21:31; בְּאָזְנֵי Je 36:20; sq. בְּ loc. (instead of indir. obj.) chiefly proph. Je 4:5; 5:20; 31:10 +; also 1 S 4:13 2 S 1:20 2 K 9:15 Mi 1:10; rarely sq. acc. pers. 2 S 15:31 (but read וּלְדָוִד הִגִּיד HPS (indef. subj.), or ולד׳ הֻגַּד We Dr Kit, 𝔊 𝔙 Th Klo Bu favour הֻגַּד), 2 K 7:9, 11 Ez 43:10 Jb 17:5; 26:4; 31:37; sq. dir. obj. in acc. Gn 45:13 + often; sq. cl. wi. כִּי Gn 3:11 + often; sq. cl. wi. אֲשֶׁר = כִּי (late) Est 3:4; 6:2; sq. cl. wi. מָה Gn 29:15 Ju 16:15 Est 8:1 +; sq. cl. wi. מִי 2 K 6:11; sq. cl. wi. אֵיכָה Ct 1:7, once sq. cl. wi. הֲ Gn 43:6, etc.; often no dir. obj., sq. לֵאמֹר Ex 13:8 1 S 25:14 +; sq. וַיֹּאמֶר Gn 47:1 +; אמר then foll. by orat. rect.; הִגּ׳ alone sq. orat. rect. Zc 9:12; sq. עַל concerning, 1 S 27:11 Est 6:2; often indir. obj. om. 1 S 24:19 +; dir. obj. om. Ju 13:10 +; both om. Lv 5:1 +]. In Hex. rarely P, †Lv 5:1; 14:35 Ex 16:22†; J, Gn 3:11; 12:18 Ex 13:8 + 18 times; E, Gn 21:6; 31:20; 41:25 + 15 times; D, Dt 17:9; 26:3; 30:18 + 5 times;— 1. tell, announce, report, usually human subj. Gn 9:22; 24:23; 32:6 Lv 14:35 Ju 13:6 1 S 3:18 1 K 1:23 Ne 2:12 Est 2:10^(×2) Jb 12:7 ψ 142:3 Is 19:12 Je 5:20 Ez 24:19 + 2. declare, make known, expound, especially of something before not understood, concealed or mysterious, Gn 3:11; 12:18, etc.; 1 K 10:3 = 2 Ch 9:2; a riddle Ju 14:12, 15, 16^(×3), 19; dream Dn 2:2; secret Jb 11:6, etc.; of י׳ as revealing, Gn 41:25 2 S 7:11 2 K 4:27 Mi 6:8 Je 42:3 ψ 147:19; of declaring by י׳’s agents Dt 5:5 Mi 3:8 1 S 15:16 2 S 24:13 Je 50:28 Is 58:1; by divin. Ho 4:12. 3. inform of (play the informer concerning) Jos 2:14, 20 Je 20:10 Jb 17:5 Lv 5:1 Pr 29:24. 4. publish, declare, proclaim, especially of proclaiming wisdom, power, loving-kindness, etc., of י׳ (especially ψψ): ψ 9:12; 22:32; 51:17; 92:3, 16; 145:4 +, subj. heavens ψ 19:2; 50:6; 97:6; Is 42:12; 57:12. 5. avow, acknowledge, confess: Is 3:9 ψ 38:19, cf. Is 48:6.—Pt. = messenger 2 S 15:13 Je 51:31^(×2) cf. הַנַּ֫עַר הַמַּגִּיד 2 S 1:5, 6, 13; הָאִישׁ הַמּ׳ 2 S 18:11.

†Hoph. Pf. הֻגַּד Jos 9:24 +; Impf. וַיֻּגַּד Gn 22:20 +; Inf. abs. הֻגֵּד Jos 9:24 Ru 2:11;—be told, announced, reported, always sq. לְ (sometimes impers., logical subj. in acc., cf. Gn 27:42 2 S 21:11, c. fem. Is 21:2; not in P): Gn 27:42 (J), 31:22 (E), Dt 17:4 Jos 9:24^(×2) (D), Ru 2:11^(×2) Ju 9:25 2 S 10:17; 19:2; 21:11 1 K 10:7; 18:13 1 Ch 19:17 2 Ch 9:6 Is 21:2; 40:21; sq. לֵאמר Gn 22:20; 38:13, 24 (all J), Jos 10:17 (JE), 1 S 15:12; 19:19 2 S 6:12 1 K 1:51 2 K 6:13; 8:7 Is 7:2; sq. cl. with כִּי Ex 14:5 (J), Ju 9:47 1 S 23:7, 13; 27:4 1 K 2:29, 41.

נֶ֫גֶד₁₅₁ subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to, נֶ֑גֶד, cstr. נֶגֶד, sf. נֶגְדִּי ψ 38:11 +, נֶגְדְּךָ 38:10 +, etc.; with ה loc. נֶ֫גְדָּה †ψ 116:14, 18;—

1. as adv. accus. in front of, a. locally (rather stronger and distincter than לִפְנֵי), (a) Gn 31:32 נֶגֶד אַחֵינוּ הַכֶּר־נָא in front of our brethren own it, now, v 37 47:15 ולמה נמות נגדך why should we die in thy sight? Ex 19:2 Isr. encamped נגד ההר in front of the mountain, 34:10 נגד כל־עמך אעשׂה נִפְלָאֹת before, in sight of, all thy people (cf. ψ 78:12), Jos 3:16 the people passed over נגד ירחו in front of J., 1 K 20:27, etc.; Ne 3:23 in front of their house, v 29; (כל) נגד ישׂראל Dt 31:11 Jos 8:35 1 S 15:30 2 S 12:12 +; 1 K 21:13 testify נֶגֶד הָעָם; נגד י׳ 1 S 12:3; 16:6 אַךְ נֶגֶד י׳ מְשִׁיחוֹ, so נֶגְדִּי ψ 89:37, נֶגְדּוֹ 18:13; נגד השׁמשׁ Nu 25:4 2 S 12:12; ψ 22:26 נ׳ יראיו, 52:11 so poet. נֶגְדָּה לְ ψ 116:14, 18); hostilely, Jb 10:17; with collat. idea of to the mortification of, ψ 23:5; 31:20, cf. Jo 1:16; with collat. idea of being open or known to, Pr 15:11 שׁאול ואבדון נגד י׳, Jb 26:6; ψ 38:10 נגדך כל־תאותי (‖ ממך לא נסתרה), 69:20 (‖ יָדַעְתָּ), 119:168; 138:1 Is 59:12; so נֶגֶד פָּנַי הָיוּ Ho 7:2. (b) with reflex. sf., and vb. of motion, to go in front of oneself, i.e. straightforward, Jos 6:5 ועלו העם אישׁ נגדו each straightforward, v 20 Am 4:3 Je 31:39 Ne 12:37, cf. Pr 4:25. b. mentally, = vividly present to, ψ 38:18 ומכאובי נגדי תמיד, 44:16; 51:5 וחטאתי נגדי תמיד, 109:15 נ׳ י׳ (remembered by): nearly = בְּעֵינָיו, כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ Is 40:17 ψ 39:6; so וְנ׳ פְּנֵיהֶם נְבוֹנִים Is 5:21. But Ex 10:10 כי רעה נגד פניכם before your face is = in your view, or purpose (cf. לא אשׁית לְנֶגֶד עֵינַי דבר־בליעל ψ 101:3).

2. With preps.: a. †כְּנֶגֶד according to what is in front of = corresponding to, note that in NH כְּנֶגֶד = in front of, Ber 4:5; 9:5 Ab 2:10, מכנגד פני Git 7:7 al. Gn 2:18 אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לּוֹ עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ a help corresponding to him i.e. equal and adequate to himself, v 20 among the animals there was no עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. b. לְנֶגֶד in front of, before, Gn 33:12 וְאֵֽלְכָה לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ, Nu 22:32 2 K 1:13 fell on his knees לנגד אליהו, Is 1:7 your ground לנגדכם זרים אֹכלים אותהּ; with עָמַד Jos 5:13 Dn 8:15; 10:16, in a hostile sense v 13, cf. Pr 21:30; in the sight or presence of, Hb 1:3 וְשֹׁד וְחָמָס לְנֶגְדִּי, ψ 39:2 בעוד רשׁע לנגדי, 50:8 ועולתיך לנגדי תמיד, Ne 3:37; opposite to (prob. of opposite choirs), Ne 12:9, 24; = parallel to, 1 Ch 5:11; = over, for, a business (peculiar) Ne 11:22; fig. of what is visible morally, ψ 18:23 כי כל משׁפטיו לנגדי (‖ לֹא אָסִיר מֶנִּי), with to set or place ψ 16:8; 54:5 לא שׂמו אלהים לנגדם (cf. 86:14), 90:8; often in the phrase לְנֶגֶד עֵינֵי …, both lit., as Jb 4:16 תְּמוּנָה לנ׳ עֵינָ֑י, ψ 5:6 לא יתיצבו הוללים לנ׳ עיניך (cf. 101:7); and in a moral sense, ψ 18:25 כְּבֹר ידי לנ׳ עיניו, 26:3 כי חסדך לנ׳ עיני i.e. is ever present to my mind, 36:2 אין פחד אלהים לנ׳ עיניו i.e. he has no eye to discern God’s awe-inspiring judgments (cf. 10:5); with לא אשׁית i.e. have in view, purpose (‖ שׂנאתי) 101:3. c. †מִנֶּגֶד (a) adv. off (מִן 1 c) the front, in front, opposite, ex adverso, Gn 21:16 ותשׁב להּ מנגד sat her down opposite, v 16, 2 K 2:7; Dt 28:66 והיו חייך תלואים לך מנגד shall be hung up for thee in front (i.e. suspended, as by a thread, in front of thee); Ju 9:17 וישׁלך נפשׁו מנגד and flung away his life in front or straight away (i.e. hazarded it); = some way off, from or at a distance, Nu 2:2 Dt 32:52 כי מִנֶּגֶד תראה את הארץ, 2 K 2:15 וַיִּרְאֻהוּ מנ׳ at a distance, 3:22; 4:25; aloof, 2 S 18:13 ואתה תתיצב מנגד, Ob 1:11. (b) as a prep. (α) from the front of, away from, Ct 6:5 הָסֵבִּי עֵינַיִךְ מִנֶּגְדִּי, 1 S 26:20 אל־יפֹל דמי ארצה מנ׳ פני י׳; מנגד עיני from before the eyes of, with verbs of removing Is 1:16, cutting off ψ 31:23 Jon 2:5, hiding Am 9:3 Je 16:17. (β) opposite to, Ne 3:19, 25, 27; at a distance from, ψ 10:5 מרום משׁפטיך מנגדי, 38:12 מנגד נגעי יעמדו. (γ) מִנֶּגֶד לְ from before, Pr 14:7, in front of Ju 20:34. d. †עַד נֶגֶד as far as the front of, Ne 3:16, 26.

† נָגִיד n.m. leader (lit. prob. one in front), ruler, prince;—abs. נ׳ 1 S 9:16 + 31 times; cstr. נְגִיד (נְגִד) 2 K 20:5 + 6 times; pl. נְגִידִים Jb 29:10 + 3 times; נְגִידֵי 2 Ch 35:8;—ruler, prince ψ 76:13 Pr 28:16 Jb 29:10; 31:37 (in sim.). Especially

1. of king of Isr.: of Saul מָשַׁח לְנ׳ עַל (+ acc. pers.), 1 S 9:16 (subj. proph.), cf. of Sol., subj. people, 1 Ch 29:22; 1 S 10:1 (subj. י׳); of David צִוָּהוּ לְנ׳ עַל 1 S 13:14; 25:30, צִוָּהוּ נ׳ עַל 2 S 6:21 (in these י׳ subj.), היה לנ׳ על 5:2, היה נ׳ על 7:8 1 Ch 11:2; 17:7; cf. also 5:2 2 Ch 6:5; of David also נָתַן נ׳ לְ׳ Is 55:4; of Sol. צִוָּה אֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת נ׳ על 1 K 1:35 (י׳ subj.); of Jerob. נתן נ׳ על (+ acc. pers.) 1 K 14:7 (י׳ subj.); so 16:2 of Baasha; of Hezekiah נְ׳ עַמִּי 2 K 20:5; הֶעֱמִיד לְנ׳ בְּאֶחָיו (+ acc. pers.) 2 Ch 11:22 (of Abijah, subj. Rehob.); of Judah 1 Ch 28:4.

2. of a foreign ruler or prince Ez 28:2 Dn 9:25, 26.

3. the title of some high official connected with the temple Je 20:1 (of Pashḥur) וְהוּא פָקִיד נָגִיד בבית י׳ and he was prince-overseer in, etc. (for פ׳ see 29:26); hence נ׳ בית האלהים 1 Ch 9:11 2 Ch 31:13; 35:8 (three נגידי ב׳ ה׳, including the high-priest), Ne 11:11; of high-priest Dn 11:22 נ׳ בְּרִית.

4. ruler in other capacities (late): of tribe 1 Ch 27:16 2 Ch 19:11; of Ḳoraḥites 9:20; of Aaronite warriors 1 Ch 12:28; of division of army 1 Ch 13:1; 27:4 2 Ch 11:11 (commandant of fortress), 32:21 (in Assyrian army: ‖ שַׂר); of temple-treasuries 1 Ch 26:24, cf. 2 Ch 31:12; נ׳ הבית 2 Ch 28:7 (i.e. of palace?).

5. princely things, pl. abstr. Pr 8:6.

† נָגַהּ vb. shine (Assyrian nagû, shine, beam, be joyful, Dl^{HWB 446}; Ethiopic ነግሀ: Aramaic ܢܓܰܗ; NH 𝔗 נוֹגְהָא planet Venus)—

Qal Pf. ועל־דרכיך נ׳ אוֹר Jb 22:28; אור נ׳ עליהם Is 9:1; Impf. ולא־יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Jb 18:5.

Hiph. Impf. 1. enlighten ויהוה יַגִּיהַּ חָשְׁכִּי 2 S 22:29 = יהוה אלהי יַגִּהַּ חשׁכי ψ 18:29. 2. cause to shine (of moon) וְיָרֵחַ לא־יַגִּיהַּ אוֹרוֹ׃ Is 13:10 (‖ חָשַׁך).

† I. נֹ֫גַהּ n.f. ^{Hb 3:4} (?) brightness;—נ׳ abs. Am. 5:20 +; cstr. Is 4:5 +; sf. נָגְהָם Jo 2:10; 4:15;—brightness of a (clear, sunshiny) day Am 5:20 (‖ אוֹר; opp. אָפֵל, חֹשֶׁךְ), 2 S 23:4 (מִמָּטָר after rain); so fig. of Zion’s dawning, נ׳ זַרְחֵךְ Is 60:3 (‖ אוֹר); of her righteousness כַּנֹּגַהּ 62:1 (c. art. only here and Ez 1:28), ‖ כְּלַפִּיד יִבְעָ֑ר; of moon Is 60:19, of stars Jo 2:10; 4:15; of theophany 2 S 22:13 = ψ 18:13 (in storm); cf. Ez 1:4, 27, 28, נ׳ כְּבוֹד י׳ 10:4; נ׳ כאור Hb 3:4; נ׳ לָאֵשׁ Ez 1:13, נ׳ אֵשׁ לֶהָבָה Is 4:5; נ׳ בְּרַק חֲנִיתֶ֑ךָ Hb 3:11 (of glitter of י׳’s spear; ‖ אוֹר חִצֶּיךָ); of individ., וְאֵין נ׳ לוֹ Is 50:10 (fig. of distress ‖ חֲשֵׁכִים); so וְאֹרַח צַדִּיקִים כְּאוֹר נ׳ Pr 4:18 the path of righteous men is like a light of brightness.

† II. נֹ֫גַהּ n.pr.m. a son of David according to 1 Ch 3:7; 14:6. 𝔊 Ναγαι, Ναγεθ, etc.

† [נְגֹהָה] n.f. brightness; fig. of prosperity;—pl. לִנְגֹהוֹת Is 59:9 (opp. אֲפֵלוֹת; ‖ אוֹר).

† נָגַח vb. push, thrust, gore (NH id.; Arabic نَجَحَ succeed, attain, make progress; 𝔗 as BH);—

Qal Impf. יִגַּח Ex 21:28, 31, 32 (E), יִגָּ֑ח v 31;—gore, subj. שׁוֹר, sq. acc. pers.

Pi. Impf. יְנַגַּח Dt 33:17; 2 ms. תְּנַגַּח 1 K 22:11 2 Ch 18:10; תְּנַגְּחוּ Ez 34:21; נְנַגֵּחַ ψ 44:6; Pt. מְנַגֵּחַ Dn 8:4;—push or thrush at, sq. acc.: of Joseph under fig. of wild ox Dt 33:17, cf. 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10 ψ 44:6 (‖ בּוּס); v. also Ez 34:21 (of Isr. under fig. of sheep), cf. Dn 8:4 (of ram in vision; obj. not expr.).

Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַגַּח עִמּוֹ מֶלֶךְ הַנֶּגֶב Dn 11:40 engage in thrusting with, wage war with.

† נַגָּח adj. addicted to goring, pred. of שׁוֹר Ex 21:29, 36 (E), cf. Ba^{NB 49}.

נגל (√ of foll., meaning unknown; Arabic نَجَلَ is strike, split, pierce, but v. infr.).

† מַגָּל n.[m.] sickle (Arabic مِنْجَلٌ (yet poss. Aramaic loan-word Frä¹³³), Aramaic ܡܰܓܰܠܬܳܐ );—c. תָּפַשׂ handle, wield Je 50:16 (‖ זָרַע); c. שָׁלַח Jo 4:13 fig. of judgment.

† [נָגַן] vb. touch (strings), play a stringed instrument (NH Pi.; Aramaic נְגַן Pa.);—

Qal Pt. נֹגְנִים ψ 68:26 players (‖ שָׁרִים, עֲלָמוֹת תּוֹפֵפוֹת).

Pi. Pf. וְנִגֵּן 1 S 16:16 (consec.), v 23; Impf. 1 pl. נְנַגֵּן Is 38:20; Inf. cstr. נַגֵּן 1 S 16:17 + 5 times; Pt. מְנַגֵּן 1 S 16:16 + 4 times;—play בַּכִּנּוֹר 1 S 16:16; בְּיָדוֹ v 16, 23 (כִּנּוֹר in context), 18:10; 19:9; c. acc. cogn. Is 38:20; in sim. מֵטִב נַגֵּן Ez 33:32 (‖ שִׁיר עֲגָבִים יְפֵה־קוֹל); אִישׁ מֵיטִיב לְנ׳ 1 S 16:17, cf. ψ 33:3 Is 23:16 (both ‖ שִׁיר), יָדַע נ׳ 1 S 16:18; also 2 K 3:15; Pt. = player, minstrel (cf. Qal) 2 K 3:15^(×2); cf. also אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ מְנַגֵּן בַּכִּנּוֹר 1 S 16:16 (Ges^{§ 120 b}).

† [נְגִינָה] n.f. music;—abs. נְגִינַת ψ 61:1 (v. infr.); sf. נְגִינָתִי ψ 77:7; נְגִינָתָם Jb 30:9 + 2 times; pl. נְגִינוֹת ψ 4:1 + 6 times; נְגִינוֹתַי Is 38:20; -תָ֑י Hb 3:19;—

1. music (of stringed instr.) acc. cogn. Is 38:20; as occupation La 5:14; especially בִּנְגִינוֹת in ψ-titles; ψ 4:1; 6:1; 54:1; 55:1; 67:1; 76:1; so Hb 3:19; cf. עַל־נְגִינַת ψ 61:1 (read perhaps pl. Ges^{§ 80 f.}).

2. song (with string accomp.?) ψ 77:7; subject of mocking song Jb 30:9 (‖ מִלָּה, ψ 69:13 (נ׳ שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר), La 3:14 (‖ שְׂחֹק).

† [מַנְגִּינָה] n.f. (mocking, derisive) song (cf. foreg.);—מַנְגִּינָתָם La 3:63, i.e. subject of their mocking song.

נָגַע₁₅₀ vb. touch, reach, strike (NH id.; Arabic نَجَعَ is agree with one (of food), produce effect; Aramaic נְגַע Ithpa. be struck (sc. w. leprosy), cf. Pi. infr.);—

Qal Pf. נ׳ Gn 32:33 +; נָֽגְעָה Ju 20:41 +; 1 pl. sf. נְגַעֲנוּךָ Gn 26:29; Impf. יִגַּע Lv 5:3 +; וַיִּגַּע Gn 32:26 +, etc.; Imv. גַּע ψ 144:5 + 2 times; Inf. cstr. נְגֹעַ, לִנְגּוֹעַ Gn 20:6 + 3 times; גַּ֫עַת 2 S 14:10 Ez 17:10; sf. נָגְעֵךְ Ru 2:9, etc.; Pt. act. נֹגֵעַ 1 K 19:5 +; נֹגְעִים Je 12:14; f. נֹגַ֫עַת Nu 19:22 + 2 times; pl. נֹגְעֹת 1 K 6:27; pass. נָגוּעַ ψ 73:14; Is 53:4;— 1. a. touch, usually sq. בְּ Gn 3:3 (J), 32:26, 33; Ex 19:12^(×2), 13 (all E), 29:37; 30:29 (P), Lv 5:2, 3 + 25 times Lv; Nu 16:26 + 7 times Nu (P) + 19:22 (no בְּ or obj.), Dt 14:8; Ju 6:21; 2 S 23:7; 1 K 6:27^(×2), 19:5, 7; 2 K 13:21 Est 5:2; Dn 8:5, 18; 10:10, 18; La 4:14; sq. אֶל־ Hg 2:12; Nu 4:15; 1 K 6:27; Dn 9:21, cf. Ho 4:2; sq. עַל־פֶּה Is 6:7; עַל־שָׂפָה Dn 10:16; sq. acc. Is 52:11; abs. (no obj. expr.) Jb 6:7 La 4:15. b. of י׳ touching earth, mountains, etc., sq. בְּ Am 9:5 ψ 104:32; 144:5; fig. of י׳ touching the heart, sq. בְּ 1 S 10:26. 2. nearly = strike, pass. stricken, ψ 73:14; Is 53:4 (‖ מֻכֶּה), of wind Jb 1:19; Ez 17:10; of divine chastisement 1 S 6:9 Jb 1:11; 19:21; sq. אֶל 2:5. 3. touch = harm, sq. בְּ, Gn 26:11 (J), Jos 9:19; 2 S 14:10; 1 Ch 16:22 (‖ הָרֵעַ) = ψ 105:15, Je 12:14; Zc 2:12^(×2); sq. אֶל־ Gn 20:6 (touch a woman), so Pr 6:29 (sq. בְּ); sq. acc. Gn 26:29 (J, sf.), so Ru 2:9; v. also Jb 5:19 (subj. רַע, sq. בְּ), Ju 20:34, 41 (both subj. רָעָה, sq. עַל־). 4. reach, extend to, 2 S 5:8, sq. בְּ (but crpt. v. Dr HPS); in metaph., sq. עַד of vine Is 16:8; Je 48:32; of sword Je 4:10, cf. v 18; of chastisement Mi 1:9, cf. Jb 4:5 (‖ בּוֹא אֶל־); also (sq. אֶל) Je 51:9; = come, sq. אֶל־ Jon 3:6; arrive (of time), abs. Ezr 3:1; Ne 7:73.

†Niph. Impf. וַיִּנָּֽגְעוּ Jos 8:15 be stricken, defeated (in battle), i.e. feign to be so, but read prob. וַיִּנָּֽגְפוּ, v. נגף Niph.

†Pi. Pf. sf. נִגְּעוֹ 2 Ch 26:20 strike (with leprosy, 2 acc.), subj. י׳; so Impf. וַיְנַגַּע 2 K 15:5; Gn 12:17 (subj. י׳; acc. pers. + acc. cogn.).

†Pu. Impf. יְנֻגָּע֑וּ be stricken by diseases (?; cf. Pi. and נֶגַע 2. 3. especially 2 S 7:14) ψ 73:5.

†Hiph. Pf. הִגִּיעַ Is 25:12 + 6 times; 2 fs. הִגַּ֫עַתְּ Est 4:14; 1 s. sf. וְהִגַּעְתִּ֫יהוּ Ez 13:14, etc.; Impf. יַגִּיעַ Is 8:8 + 3 times; וַיַּגַּע Is 6:7; Je 1:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַגִּיעַ Est 2:12, 15; Pt. מַגִּיעַ Gn 28:12 +; f. מַגַּ֫עַת 2 Ch 3:11;—cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive: 1. cause to touch, apply, Ex 12:22 (JE; מִדָּם, אֶל־); cause to touch (sq. עַד עָפָר, לָאָרֶץ), i.e. bring to ground, Is 25:12; 26:5, cf. La 2:2, Ez 13:14 (sq. אֶל־), Ex 4:25 (J; sq. לְרַגְלָיו); sq. עַל־פֶּה Is 6:7; Je 1:9; sq. בְּ Is 5:8. 2. intr. reach, extend, Gn 28:12 (sq. ָה loc.); sq. אֶל־ Zc 14:5, sq. עַד Is 8:8; cf. תַּגּ׳ יָדוֹ דֵּי שֶׂה Lv 5:7 if his hand do not reach enough for a lamb (i.e. he be not able to furnish a lamb); sq. לְ Jb 20:6 (hyperb.) 2 Ch 3:11^(×2), 12; sq. עַד לְ 28:9; attain, sq. לְ Est 4:14, arrive, come, sq. acc. loc. Is 30:4 Est 4:3; 8:17, sq. לְ (of time) Dn 12:12, sq. אֶל־ 1 S 14:9, sq. עַד־ ψ 107:18, abs. Est 6:14; sq. אֵצֶל Dn 8:7. 3. approach, of time, abs. Ec 12:1; Ct 2:12; Ez 7:12 (‖ בּוֹא); v. also Est 9:1 (sq. Inf.), cf. 2:12, 15 ψ 88:4 (sq. לְ). 4. of fate or lot, = befall, sq. אֶל־ Est 9:26 Ec 8:14^(×2); reach ψ 32:6.

נֶ֫גַע₇₈ n.m. Gn 12:17 stroke, plague, mark, plague-spot;—נ׳ abs. Ex 11:1 +, נָ֑נַע Lv 13:13 +; cstr. Dt 24:8 +; sf. נִגְעִי ψ 38:12; נִגְעֶ֑ךָ 39:11; נִגְעוֹ Lv 13:44; 2 Ch 6:29; pl. נְגָעִים Gn 12:17 ψ 89:33; cstr. נִגְעֵי 2 S 7:14;—

1. stroke, wound, inflicted by man on man Dt 17:8; 21:5 (‖ רִיב), Pr 6:33.

2. stroke, metaph., especially of a disease, regarded as sent by a divine chastisement, Gn 12:17 (J), Ex 11:1 (E), 2 S 7:14 (נ׳ בְנֵי אָדָם, ‖ שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים, i.e. customary, ordinary), 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28 (both ‖ מַחֲלָה); 1 K 8:38 (נ׳ לְבָבוֹ) = 2 Ch 6:29 (נִגְעוֹ); ψ 91:10 (‖ רָעָה); of Israel 38:12; 39:11 (‖ תִּגְרַת יָֽדְךָ), 89:33 (‖ שֵׁבֶט); v. also Is 53:8 (of suffering servant of י׳, נֶגַע לָ֑מוֹ).

3. mark (60 times Lv 13, 14), indeterm. Lv 13:5, 6 (מִסְפַּחַת), v 17, 29, 30, 32, 43, 44; of leprosy, regarded as the heavy touch or stroke of a disease, נ׳ צָרַ֫עַת Lv 13:2 +; v 51 (צָרַעַת מַמְאֶרֶת הַנּ׳), v 59 14:3, 32, 54, Dt 24:8; also נ׳ הַנֶּתֶק Lv 13:31; נ׳ לָבָן אֲדַמְדָּם v 42; identif. with person having it 13:4, 12, 13, 17, 31; in garment, etc. v 47 + 15 times Lv 13; in house 14:34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 48^(×2); i.e. house-wall v 37^(×2), 39; in stones of wall v 40; = garment, etc., with plague-spot 13:50.

† נָגַף vb. strike, smite (Aramaic נְגַף);—

Qal Pf. נ׳ 2 Ch 13:15; Is 19:22 (וְ consec.); sf. נְגָפוֹ 2 Ch 21:18, etc.; Impf. יִגֹּף Ex 21:35 + 2 times; וַיִּגֹּף Ex 32:35 + 4 times; אֶגּוֹף ψ 89:24 +, etc.; Inf. abs. נָגֹף Is 19:22; cstr. לִנְגֹּף Ex 12:23^(×2); נָגְפוֹ v 27;—strike, smite, of serious (even fatal) injury, sq. acc. pers. Ex 21:22, 35 (E); one’s foot against (בְּ) stone ψ 91:12; abs. (stumble) Pr 3:23; especially of judgment, subj. י׳, obj. individ. (fatal stroke) 1 S 25:38; 26:10; 2 S 12:15; 2 Ch 13:20; 21:18 (לָחֳלִי); obj. people (abs.) Ex 12:23^(×2), 27 (JE), 32:35 Jos 24:5 (E), Is 19:22, cf. v 22; v. also ψ 89:24; cf. c. acc. cogn. מַגֵּפָה Zc 14:12, 18; 2 Ch 21:14 (sq. also בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ); c. בְּ instr. Ex 7:27; of causing defeat in battle, sq. acc. + לִפְנֵי Ju 20:35 1 S 4:3 2 Ch 13:15; 14:11.

Niph. Pf. נִגַּף 2 S 10:15; נִגְּפוּ v 19 + 2 times, etc.; Impf. יִנָּגֵף 2 Ch 6:24; וַיִּנָּגֵף 1 S 4:2 + 4 times; Inf. abs. נִגּוֹף Ju 20:39; cstr. הִנָּגֵף 1 K 8:33; Pt. נִגָּף Dt 28:25; Ju 20:39, etc.;—be smitten, bef. enemy, in battle, sq. לִפְנֵי Ju 20:32, 39^(×2) 1 S 4:2; 7:10; 2 S 10:15, 19; 18:7; 1 K 8:33; 2 K 14:12; 1 Ch 19:16, 19; 2 Ch 6:24; 25:22; Lv 26:17; Nu 14:42; Dt 1:42; abs. Ju 20:36; 1 S 4:10; 2 S 2:17; 2 Ch 20:22; Pt. after נָתַן, sq. לִפְנֵי Dt 28:7, 25 Vid. נָגַע Niph.

Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַגְּפוּ Je 13:16 = stumble, subj. רַגְלֵיכֶם, sq. על (loc.); cf. Qal (ψ 91:12) and נֶגֶף 2.

† נֶ֫גֶף n.m. ^{Ex 12:13} blow, striking (as judgment, only P);—נ׳ abs. Ex 12:13 + 6 times;—

1. fatal blow, plague, Ex 12:13 (death of first-born); 30:12; Nu 8:19 (indef.); = pestilence Nu 17:11, 12; Jos 22:17.

2. striking, אֶבֶן נ׳ Is 8:14 i.e. against which the foot strikes and so stumbles (‖ צוּר מִכְשׁוֹל).

† מַגֵּפָה n.f. blow, slaughter, plague, pestilence;—מ׳ abs. Nu 14:37 + 23 times; cstr. מַגֵּפַת Zc 14:15; pl. sf. מַגֵּפֹתַי Ex 9:14;—

1. blow, = fatal stroke Ez 24:16; in divine judgment (plague) Ex 9:14 (J).

2. slaughter in battle, 1 S 4:17; 2 S 17:9; 18:7.

3. plague, pestilence (divine judgment), of tumours on Philistines 1 S 6:4; against Isr Nu 14:37; 17:13, 14, 15; 25:8, 9, 18, 19; 31:16 2 S 24:21, 25 (ins. also v 15 𝔊 Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu), 1 Ch 21:22 ψ 106:29, 30; specif. disease of bowels 2 Ch 21:14; מ׳ = infected people 1 Ch 21:17; wasting of flesh, eyes and tongue, of hostile peoples Zc 14:12, 18; attacking beasts v 15^(×2).

† [נָגַר] vb. pour, flow, run (Aramaic ܢܓܰܪ be long (of time), Aph. prolong, protract; נְגַר endure, flow, stream);—

Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִגְּרָה ψ 77:3; La 3:49; Pt. pl. נִגָּרִים 2 S 14:14; נִגָּרוֹת Jb 20:28;— 1. be poured, spilt, 2 S 14:14 (כַּמַּיִם הַנִּגָּרים אַרְצָה in sim. of mortality). 2. pour oneself, flow, trickle, of eye (in tears) La 3:49. 3. fig. vanish, Jb 20:28 (‖ גָּלָה). 4. be stretched out (?) יָדִי לַיְלָה נִגְּרָה ψ 77:3 (or read עֵינִי?).

Hiph. Pf. וְהִגַּרְתִּ֫י Mi 1:6; Impf. וַיַּגֵּר ψ 75:9; וַתַּגֵּר Ez 35:5; יַגִּירֻ֫הוּ ψ 63:11; Imv. sf. הַגִּרֵם Je 18:21;—pour down, hurl down the stones of Samaria, subj. י׳ Mi 1:6; pour out, fig. of י׳’s wine-cup, ψ 75:9; sq. עַל־יְדֵי חֶ֫רֶב = deliver over to Je 18:21 ψ 63:11; Ez 35:5.

Hoph. Pt. כְּמַיִם מֻגָּרִים בְּמוֹרָד Mi 1:4 in sim., of mountains melting at theophany.

† [נָגַשׂ] vb. press, drive, oppress, exact (Assyrian nagâšu, throw down, overthrow, Dl^{HWB 448}; Arabic نَجَشَ rouse and drive game, drive vehemently; Ethiopic ነግሠ reign, wield power, ንጉሥ king);—

Qal Pf. נ׳ 2 K 23:25; Impf. יִגּשֹׁ Dt 15:2; 2 ms. תִּגּשֹׁ Dt 15:3; 2 mpl. תִּנְנֹּ֑שׂוּ Is 58:3;—Pt. נֹגֵשׂ Is 9:3 +, etc.;— 1. press, drive to work (obj. עַצְּבֵיכֶם your workmen), Is 58:3 (Ges^Comm., De Di Du; exact [changing ע׳, q.v.] Che, etc.); v. 3. 2. exact c. acc. כֶּסֶף, 2 K 23:35; sq. acc. pers. only Dt 15:2, 3. 3. Pt. (= subst.) driver, taskmaster Ex 3:7; 5:6, 10, 13, 14 Jb 3:18; (ass-)driver Jb 39:7; of (arbitrary) ruler Is 3:12, ruler (good sense) Zc 10:4; = foreign oppressor, tyrant Is 9:3 (c. בְּ) 14:2, 4 Zc 9:8; exactor of tribute, Dn 11:20; pl. abstr. lordship = lord, ruler, fig. of צְדָקָה (personif.) Is 60:17 (‖ פְּקֻדָּתֵךְ שָׁלוֹם).

Niph. Pf. נִגַּשׂ 1 S 13:6 + 2 times + Is 3:5 (וְ consec.);—hard pressed by enemy 1 S 13:6, and so 14:24 (but om. by emend., after 𝔊, Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS); treated harshly, of suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:7; recipr. tyrannize over (ב׳) each other Is 3:5.

[נָגַשׁ₁₂₅] vb. draw near, approach, less freq. syn. of קרב q.v. (NH id. Hiph. (rare) and deriv.);—

Qal₆₈ Impf. יִגַּשׁ Ex 24:14 +, יִגָּ֑שׁ ψ 91:7, וַיִּגַּשׁ Gn 18:23 +; 3 fs. וַתִּגַּשׁ Gn 33:7; 2 ms. תִּגַּשׁ־ Is 65:5; 3 mpl. יִגְּשׁוּ Is 41:1 +, יִגָּ֑שׁוּ Ex 24:2, יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Jb 41:8 (Baer; van d. H. יִגָּ֑שׁוּ); 3 fpl. וַתִּגַּשְׁןָ Gn 33:6, etc.; Imv. גַּשׁ 2 S 1:15, גֶּשׁ־ Gn 19:9, גְּשָׁה Gn 27:21 +; גֹּשִׁי Ru 2:14, וּגְשׁוּ Je 46:3 גּשׁוּ Jos 3:9; Inf. cstr. לָגֶ֫שֶׁת Ju 20:23 +; sf. גִּשְׁתּוֹ Gn 33:3; גִּשְׁתָּם Ex 28:43 + 2 times;—draw or come near, 1. human subj.: sq. אֶל־ pers. Gn 27:22; 43:19; 44:18; 45:4 (all J), Ex 19:15 (of sexual intercourse), 24:2 Nu 32:16; Jos 14:6 (all E), Ex 34:30; Jos 21:1 (P), + 10 times elsewhere (not D), + ψ 91:7 (subj. pestilence personif.); of priestly approach to י׳ Ez 44:13, cf. Je 30:21b, also sq. אֶל־ of altar Ex 28:43; 30:20; Lv 21:23 and abs., v 21 (all P or H); sq. אֶל־ rei also Nu 8:19; sq. עַד־ pers. Gn 33:3 (J), rei Ju 9:52; sq. עַל־ pers. Ez 9:6, rei 44:13; sq. בְּ pers. Is 65:5 (‖ קָרַב אֶל־); in Am 9:10 read תִּגַּשׁ בַּעֲדֵנוּ (for MT תַּגִּישׁ Hiph. cf. We GASm Dr Now; ‖ קִדֵּם); sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה draw near for battle Ju 20:23; Je 46:3; 2 S 10:13 = 1 Ch 19:14 (+ לִפְנֵי pers.); sq. acc. pers. 1 S 9:18; 30:21, rei Nu 4:19 (P), but acc. difficult; Dr reads אֶל־ for אֶת־ 1 S 9:18 Nu 4:19, cf. Klo HPS; in 1 S 30:21 Dr takes אֶת־ = with; sq. הֲלוֹם hither, 1 S 14:38 Ru 2:14; abs. Gn 18:23; 27:21; 29:10; 33:6, 7; 45:4 (all J), Ex 24:2 (E), Jos 8:11 (E; + ויבאו), + 9 times (not P, D), + Gn 27:26, 27 (E), Jos 3:9 (J), 2 S 1:15; 2 Ch 29:31 (all Imv. sq. 2nd Imv.), + Gn 19:9 (J), Lv 21:21^(×2) (H), 2 K 4:27 (all sq. Inf. purpose). Note especially גֶּשׁ־הָ֫לְאָה Gn 19:9 lit. approach thither! i.e. move away! cf. גְּשָׁה־לִי וְאֵשֵׁ֑בָה Is 49:20 move away for me (make room for me) that I may dwell (‖ צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם). 2. inanim. subj. אֶחָד בְּאֶחָד יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Jb 41:8 one to another they approach (fit closely together; of scales of crocodile).—Qal not in D.

Niph. Pf. נִגַּשׁ Gn 33:7 +; 3 fs. וְנִגְּשָׁה Dt 25:9; 3 mpl. נִגְּשׁוּ Ex 34:32 +; נִגַּשְׁתֶּם 2 S 11:20, 21; Pt. pl. נִגָּשִׁים Ex 19:22;—draw near = Qal (and substit. for it in D):—sq. אֶל־ pers. Dt 25:9; 1 K 20:13; Ezr 9:1, of priestly approach to Yahweh Ex 19:22 (J), Je 30:21; sq. אֶל־ rei Ex 20:21; 24:2 (both E), 2 S 11:20, 21, אֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּט Dt 25:1; sq. בְּ pers. Am 9:13; sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה 1 S 7:10; abs. Gn 33:7 (J), Dt 20:2 (‖ קרב), 21:5; Ex 34:32 (P), so fig. of worship Is 29:13.

†Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְהִגִּישׁוֹ Ex 21:6^(×2), וְהִגִּישָׁהּ Lv 2:8; 3 pl. הִגִּ֫ישׁוּ 2 S 17:29; 2 mpl. הִגַּשְׁתֶּם Am 5:25; Impf. juss. יַגֵּשׁ Jb 40:19; וַיַּגֶּשׁ־ Gn 27:25; וַיַּגַּ֑שׁ Ju 6:19; 3 fs. תַּגִּישׁ Am 9:10, וַתַּגֵּשׁ 1 S 28:25; 2 S 13:11; 3 mpl. יַגִּ֫ישׁוּ Is 41:22; 2 mpl. תַּגִּ֫ישׁוּ Mal 1:8, תַּגִּישׁוּן v 8, וַתַּגִּישׁוּן Am 6:3, etc.; Imv. ms. הַגִּ֫ישָׁה Gn 27:25 +; mpl. הַגִּ֫ישׁוּ 1 S 13:9 +; Pt. מַגִּישׁ Mal 2:12; pl. cstr. מַגִּישֵׁי Mal 3:3, etc.;—cause to approach, bring near, bring, sq. אֶל־ pers. (usually obj. acc. rei, rarely pers. Ex 21:6^(×2) 1 S 15:32; Gn 48:10 cf. v 13):—Gn 48:10, 13 (E), Ex 21:6^(×2) (E), 1 S 13:9; 14:34; 15:32; 2 S 13:11 (+ Inf. purpose), 2 K 4:5, 6; sq. אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lv 2:8 (P; of sacrifice); עַל־מִזְבְּחִי Mal 1:7 (sacrif.); לְ pers. Gn 27:25^(×2) (E), 1 S 30:7; 2 S 17:29 (read וַיַּגִּישׁוּ 𝔊 Th We Klo Kit, cf. Dr), of sacrifice Am 5:25 Mal 2:12; 3:3; לִפְנֵי pers. 1 S 28:25; 2 Ch 29:23; no prep. Ex 32:6 (J), 1 S 14:18, 34; 23:9; 30:7; Ju 6:19 (foll. הוציא אֶל־), Am 6:3; 1 K 5:1; Lv 8:14 (P), of sacrif. also Mal 1:8 (לִזְבֹּחַ), v 8 (‖ הקריב); fig. (obj. proofs, evidences) Is 41:21 (‖ קרב), v 22 (+ וַיַּגִּידוּ), cf. 45:21 (‖ הַגִּידוּ); הָעשֹׁוֹ יַגֵּשׁ חַרְבּוֹ Jb 40:19 let him that made him (the hippot.) draw near his sword, is dub.; Du הֶעָשׂוּ[י] נֹגֵשׂ חֲבֵרָו wh. is made ruler of its fellows (other conject. v. Di Bu); Am 9:10 read תִּגַּשׁ Qal q.v.).

†Hoph. Pf. 3 mpl. לֹא־לִנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם הֻנַּ֑שׁוּ 2 S 3:34 (Ginsb הֻנָּ֑שׁוּ) thy feet have not been brought near (put into) fetters; Pt. מֻגָּשׁ לשׁמי Mal 1:11 it (impers.) is offered to my name.

†Hithp. Imv. mpl. הִתְנַגְּשׁוּ Is 45:20 draw near! (‖ הִקָּֽבְצוּ וָבֹאוּ).

נֵד v. II. נדד.

נֹד v. נוד.

† [נָדָא] vb. drive away, thrust aside (‖ form of נדה, q.v., or textual error; Ethiopic ነድአ: drive cattle, etc.);—only

Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. וידא … אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ 2 K 17:21 Kt (Qr וַיַּדַּח √ נדח Hiph.).

† נָדַב vb. incite, impel (NH id.; Arabic نَدَبَ call, impel, incite (نَدُبَ be noble, willing, generous, is denom. from [نَدْبٌ cf.] נָדִיב according to Ba^{NB § 125 e}); viii. ندب ready, willing; Assyrian nidbu, freewill-offering Dl^{HWB 448}; Aramaic נְדַב be willing Pa. Ithpa.; Zinj. נדב inciting, instigation DHM^{Sendsch. 60});—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָדַב Ex 35:29; 3 fs. נָֽדְבָה v 21; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִדְּבֶנּוּ 25:2;—אֲשֶׁר נָדַב לִבָּם 35:29 whose heart incited, cf. 25:2; subj. רוּחַ 35:21 (all P).

Hithp. Pf. 1 s. הִתְנַדַּבְתִּי 1 Ch 29:17; 3 mpl. הִתְנַדְּבוּ Ezr 2:68 1 Ch 29:9; Impf. 3 mpl. יִתְנַדְּבוּ v 6; Inf. הִתְנַדֵּב Ju 5:2 + 2 times; הִתְנַדֶּב־ 1 Ch 29:17; sf. הִתְנַדְּבָם v 9; Pt. מִתְנַדֵּב Ezr 3:5 + 2 times; pl. מִתְנַדְּבִים Ju 5:9 Ne 11:2;— 1. volunteer for war Ju 5:2, 9; for service of other kinds 2 Ch 17:16 Ne 11:2. 2. offer free-will-offerings for the first temple 1 Ch 29:5, 6, 9^(×2), 14, 17^(×2); for the second Ezr 1:6; 2:68; 3:5 (cf. Biblical Aramaic).

† נָדָב n.pr.m. (generous, noble)—

1. eldest son of Aaron Ex 6:23; 24:1, 9; 28:1 Lv 10:1 Nu 3:2, 4; 26:60, 61 1 Ch 5:29; 24:1. 𝔊 Ναδαβ (so 3, 4).

2. son of Jeroboam I 1 K 14:20; 15:25, 27; 31. 𝔊 Ναβατ, Ναβαθ, 𝔊L Ναδαβ.

3. a Jerahmeelite 1 Ch 2:28, 30.

4. a Gibeonite 1 Ch 8:30; 9:36.

† נְדָבָה n.f. voluntariness, freewill-offering;—abs. נ׳ Ex 35:29 + 14 times; cstr. נִדְבַת Dt 16:10; pl. נְדָבוֹת Am 4:5 ψ 68:10; נְדָבֹת 110:3; cstr. נִדְבוֹת 119:108 2 Ch 31:14; sf. נִדְבֹתֶ֫יךָ Dt 12:17 + 4 times sfs.;—

1. voluntariness אֹהֲבֵם נְדָבָה Ho 14:5 I (י׳) will love them freely; עַמְּךָ נְדָבֹת בְּיוֹם חֵילֶ֑ךָ ψ 110:3 thy people will be (all) voluntariness in the day of thy host (be ready to volunteer, v. Br^{MP 133}); גֶּשֶׁם נדבות 68:10 generous (copious) rain; בנדבה 54:7 voluntarily, and adverb. acc. נדבה Dt 23:24 (v. Dr).

2. freewill, voluntary, offering: a. incl. gifts used in erection and furnishing of tabernacle Ex 35:29; 36:3 (P); for first temple 2 Ch 31:14, second Ezr 1:4; 8:28. b. incl. עולה and שׁלמים Ez 46:12^(×2); prob. also Am. 4:5, נדבות פִי ψ 119:108. c. usually a זֶבַח for festival meals, at Passover 2 Ch 35:8, Pentecost Dt 16:10, Tabernacles Ezr 3:5 (besides the ritual offerings); disting. from נֶדֶר votive offering Lv 7:16 Nu 15:3; 29:39 (P), Lv 22:18, 21, 23; 23:38 (H), Dt 12:6, 17.—(Verbs used are הביא נ׳ Ex 35:29; 36:3; הקריב נ׳ Lv 22:18; עשׂה נ׳ Nu 15:3 Ez 46:12; נתן נ׳ Lv 23:38 Dt 16:10.)

† נָדִיב adj. and n.m. ^{Is 32:8} inclined, generous, noble;—abs. נ׳ Is 32:5 + 6 times; cstr. נְדִיב Ex 35:5 + 2 times; f. נְדִיבָה ψ 51:14; pl. נְדִיבִים Is 13:2 + 9 times; cstr. נְדִיבֵי Nu 21:18 + 2 times; sf. נְדִיבֵמוֹ ψ 83:12;—

1. incited, inclined, willing, נְדִיב לֵב Ex 35:5, 22 (P), 2 Ch 29:31 (v. נָדַב Qal), נָדִיב בְחָכְמָה 28:21; רוּחַ נְדִיבָה ψ 51:14 a willing spirit.

2. noble, princely, in rank 1 S 2:8 (poem), Jb 12:21 = ψ 107:40, Jb 34:18 Pr 8:16 ψ 47:10; 83:12; 113:8^(×2); 118:9; 146:3; פְּנֵי נדיב Pr 19:6; 25:7; בית נ׳ Jb 21:28; פתחי נ׳ Is 13:2; בת נ׳ Ct 7:2; נְדִיבֵי הָעָם Nu 21:18 (poem).

3. noble in mind and character ‖ צדּיק Pr 17:7, 26; opp. נָבָל Is 32:5, 8. On Ct 6:12 s. עַמִּינָדִיב (p. 770).

† [נְדִיבָה] n.f. nobility, nobleness;—sf. נְדִבָתִי Jb 30:15; pl. נְדִיבוֹת Is 32:8^(×2);—

1. nobility of rank, honour Jb 30:15.

2. pl. = noble things as counselled by the נדיב in character Is 32:8^(×2).

† נוֹדָ֑ב n.pr.gent. Arab tribe according to 1 Ch 5:19 (+ יְטוּר, נָפִישׁ q.v. Gn 25:15 1 Ch 1:31); 𝔊 Ναδαβαιων. (Connex. with above √ quite uncertain.)

† נְדַבְיָה n.pr.m. (whom Yah impels; in Assyrian Na-ad-bi-ia-a-u Jäger^{BAS i. 468});—son of Jeconiah 1 Ch 3:18. 𝔊 Δενεθει, 𝔊L Ναδαβια.

† I. [נָדַד] vb. retreat, flee, depart, stray, wander, flutter (NH id.; Arabic نَدَّ flee, run away; Aramaic ܢܰܕ hate, abominate, shrink from, Aph. put to flight, etc.; נְדַד flee);—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. נָֽדְדָה Is 10:31 Est 6:1; 3 pl. נָֽדְדוּ Ho 7:13 + 4 times, נָדָ֑דוּ Is 21:15 Je 4:25; Impf. יִדּוֹד Na 3:7; 3 fs. וַתִּדַּד Gn 31:40; 3 mpl. יִדֹּדוּן ψ 68:13^(×2); Inf. cstr. נְדֹד ψ 55:8; Pt. נֹדֵד Je 49:5 +; f. נוֹדֶ֫דֶת Pr 27:8; pl. נֹדְדִים Ho 9:17;— 1. retreat, flee Is 21:15 from before (מִפְּנֵי) swords; 33:3 at the sound (מִקּוֹל) of tumult; abs. 10:31; 22:3 ψ 68:13^(×2), of birds and beasts Je 4:25; 9:9 (+ הָלָ֑כוּ); pt. = fugitive Is 16:3; 21:14; of fleeing in horror, disgust, c. מִן pers. Na 3:7 ψ 31:12. 2. flee, depart, Isr. from (מִן) י׳ Ho 7:13; of sleep (מֵעֵינַי) Gn 31:40 (E), abs. Est 6:1. 3. wander, stray (homeless, cf. נוד), עוֹף נוֹדֵד Is 16:2 (in sim.), so Pr 27:8 (מִן loc., in sim.), cf. v 8 (מִן loc.); of scattered Isr. Ho 9:17 Je 49:5; (searching) for food Jb 15:23 (wicked man); אַרְחִיק נְדֹד ψ 55:8 I will wander afar. 4. trans. flutter wings (of bird, in fig.) Is 10:14. Poʿal Pf. consec. שֶׁמֶשׁ זָֽרְחָה וְנֹדַד Na 3:17 the sun hath arisen and it (the locust swarm) is chased away.

Hiph. chase away, Impf. 3 mpl. sf. וּמִתֵּבֵל יְנִדֻּ֑הוּ Jb 18:18 (of wicked, ‖ יֶהְדְּפֻהוּ מֵאוֹר).

Hoph. be chased away, Impf. 3 ms. וְיֻדַּד כְּחֶזְיוֹן Jb 20:8 (of wicked); קוֹץ מֻנָֿד 2 S 23:6 thorns thrust away (si vera l., cf. Dr.; Klo Bu HPS ק׳ מִדְבָּר). Hithpoʿl Impf. יִתְנוֹדְדוּ ψ 64:9 flee away (in horror, disgust, cf. Qal Na 3:7 ψ 31:12).

† [נְדוּד] n.[m.] tossing of sleeplessness, only pl. נְדֻדִים Jb 7:4 I am sated with tossings.

† נִדָּה n.f. impurity (as abhorrent, shunned);—abs. נ׳ Ez 18:6 +; cstr. נִדַּת Lv 12:2 +; sf. נִדָּתָהּ v 5 +;—impurity (especially P and Ezek.):

1. of ceremonial impurity, as union with brother’s wife, Lv 20:21; especially of menstruation Ez 18:6 (read אִשָּׁה בְּנִדָּתָהּ for MT א׳ נִדָּה 𝔖 Co), טְמֵאַת הַנּ׳ 22:10, cf. 36:17, נִדַּת דְּוֹתָהּ Lv 12:2, cf. v 5; 15:19, 20, 24, 25 (עֶת־נִדּ׳), v 25^(×2), v 26 (מִשְׁכַּב נִדּ׳), v 26 (טֻמְאַת נִדּ׳), v 33; 18:19; of defilement contracted by contact with a corpse, מֵי (הַ)נִּדָּה water of impurity (i.e. to remove it, cf. Di) Nu 19:9, 13, 20, 21^(×2); 31:23.

2. fig. (with allusion to cerem. usage), impure thing, Ez 7:19, 20 (of gold), La 1:17 (of Jerus.); of idolatry, immorality, etc., 2 Ch 29:5 Ezr 9:11 (אֶרֶץ נִדָּה), v 11, Zc 13:1 (לְחַטַּאת וּלְנִדָּה).

† נִידָה n.f. id. (on form cf. Ges^{§ 20, 3, R. 1} Kö^{ii. 1, 497});—of Jerusalem La 1:8 (= נִדָּה v 17).

II. נדד (√ of foll., v. Kö^{ii. 1, 42}; cf. Arabic نَدٌّ high hill, hill rising high into the sky, Lane²⁷⁷⁸; also earth-heap, sand-heap).

† נֵד n.m. ^{Jos 3:13} heap of waters; of Red Sea Ex 15:8 (song), ψ 78:13; of Jordan Jos 3:13, 16 ψ 33:7 (sim.). נֵד קָצִיר Is 17:11 harvest-heap is perhaps corrupt: Ges Ew Di Du der. from נוד, reading (probably) נָד (Di) fled is the harvest; Che^Hpt proposes לָכֵן therefore; Buhl ^{Lex 13} עַד, after 𝔊 𝔗.

† I. [נָדָה] vb.Pi. put away, exclude (NH Pi. (excommunicate) Hithp. Niph.; Assyrian nadû, throw, overthrow, destroy, etc., Dl^{HWB 448 f.});—

Pi. Pt. הַמְֿנַדִּים לְיוֹם רַע Am 6:3 they that thrust off the evil day (i.e. refuse to think of it); lit. מְנַדֵּיכֶם Is 66:5 thrust away, exclude from association in worship (on usage v. Che).

II. נדה (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic نَدِىَ be moist, moistened, and also betide, befall; نَدًى rain, dew, and also bounty, liberality, a gift, Lane³⁰³⁰).

† נֶ֑דֶה (so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. נֵ֑דֶה), n.m. gift (on format. cf. Ges^{§ 84 a c} Ol^{§ 144 a} Kö^{ii. 1, 65} Ba^{NB § 12a});—לְכָל־זֹנוֹת יִתְּנוּ־נֶ֑דֶה Ex 16:33 (‖ נְדָנִים).

† [נָדַח] vb. impel, thrust, banish (especially Dt. Je. and later) (NH id., beguile, Hiph. Niph.; Aramaic נְדַח (rare) = BH; Ethiopic ነድሐ thrust; Arabic نَدَخَ is drive a ship to shore);—

Qal Impf. יִדַּח 2 S 14:14; Inf. לִנְדֹּחַ Dt 20:19;—trans. 1. impel (i.e. wield) an axe, sq. עַל־ Dt 20:19; 2. thrust away, banish, sq. מִן־ 2 S 14:14.

Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִדְּחָה Jb 6:13, etc.; (Impf. יִדַּ֫חוּ Je 23:12 v. דחח); Pt. נִדָּח 2 S 14:14; נִדָּחָה Mi 4:6 + 2 times; נִדַּ֫חַת Ez 34:4, 16, etc. On נִדְחֵי Is 11:12; 56:8; ψ 147:2 v. Ki Kö^{i. 317};— 1. be impelled: וְנדְּחָה יָדוֹ בַּגַּרְזֶן be impelled with the axe Dt 19:5. 2. be thrust out, banished: of dispersion in exile, sq. שָׁם Je 40:12; 43:5 (‖ שׁוּב); sq. לִפְנֵי 49:5 (‖ קִבֵּץ); cf. also fig. תֻּשִׁיָּה נִדְּחָה מִמֶּנִּי Jb 6:13 is banished from me, i.e. is non-existent; especially Pt. banished one(s), outcast(s), as acc. cogn. c. נָדַח 2 S 14:14; c. קִבֵּץ Mi 4:6; Dt 30:4; Zp 3:19; Ne 1:9; נ׳ יִשִׂרָאֵל, c. אָסַף Is 11:12 (‖ נְפֻצוֹת יְקַבֵּץ); c. קִבֵּץ 56:8; c. כִּנֵּס ψ 147:2; c. הֵשִׁיב 2 S 14:13; Ez 34:4, 16 (both ‖ אֹבֵד); c. בּוֹא Is 27:13 (‖ id.); v. also Is 16:3, 4 Je 49:36; outcast = neglected one, fig. of Zion 30:17 (‖ דֹּרֵשׁ אֵין לָהּ). 3. driven away (from herd, i.e.) straying Dt 22:1. 4. thrust away, aside, from י׳ to idolatry Dt 4:19; 30:17 (sq. וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוָה).

Pu. Pt. אֲפֵלָה מְנֻדָּח Is 8:22 thrust into darkness.

Hiph. Pf. וְהִדִּיחַ consec. 2 S 15:14; הִדַּ֫חְתִּי Je 23:3; 29:14, etc.; Impf. sf. וַיַּדַּח 2 Ch 21:11 + 2 K 17:21 Qr; וַיַּדִּ֫יחוּ Dt 13:14, etc.; Imv. sf. הַדִּיחֵ֫מוֹ ψ 5:11; Inf. הַדִּיחַ 62:5, etc.;— 1. thrust, move, impel, fig., obj. רָעָה 2 S 15:14 (sq. עַל־). 2. thrust out, banish, especially of exile, subj. י׳, c. acc. sq. שָׁ֫מָּה Dt 30:1 Je 46:28; 16:15 (‖ הֶעֱלָה); sq. שָׁם Je 8:3; 24:9; 29:18 Dn 9:7 + Ez 4:13 (om. 𝔊 Co); Je 23:3 (‖ קִבֵּץ), v 8 (‖ הֶעֱלָה, הֵבִיא), 29:14 (‖ קִבֵּץ, הֵשִׁיב, so 32:37; also 27:10 (‖ הַרְחִיק), v 15 (‖ אָבַד), cf. 23:2 (Judah under fig. of flock, subj. evil shepherd, ‖ הֵפִיץ), 50:17 (Isr. as sheep, subj. enemies as lions); of driving out priests 2 Ch 13:9; invader Jo 2:20 (sq. אֶל־); wicked ψ 5:11 (‖ הַאֲשִׁימֵם); good man from his eminence ψ 62:5 (sq. מִן). 3. thrust away, aside, from י׳ to idolatry, c. acc., Dt 13:14; sq. מִן־הַדֶּרֶךְ v 6; מֵעַל י׳ v 11; מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ 2 K 17:21 Qr (Kt v. נדא); cf. 2 Ch 21:11 (‖ הִזְנָה). 4. compel, force, subj. adulteress (by flattery), sq. acc. Pr 7:21 (‖ הִטָּה).

Hoph. Pt. מֻדָּח chased, hunted, צְבִי מ׳ Is 13:14, sim. of fugitive Babylonians.

† [מַדּוּחַ] n.[m.] a thing to draw aside, enticement (cf. √ Hiph. 3, 4);—pl. מַדּוּחִם La 2:14, וַיֶּחֱזוּ לָךְ מַשְֿׂאוֹת שָׁוְא וּמ׳ (cf. ‖ שָׁוְא וְתָפֵל v a).

† I. [נָדָן, נֶ֫דֶן, נֹ֫דֶן] n.[m.

† II. [נָדָן] n.[m.] sheath (NH id.; Aramaic נִדְנָא (𝔗 Talm.); Pers. loan-word Nö^{GGA, 1884, 1022});—וַיָּשֶׁב חַרְבּוֹ אֶל־נְדָנָהּ׃ 1 Ch 21:27.

† [נָדַף] vb. drive, drive asunder (NH id., spread, be diffused, disseminated (of odour); Arabic نَدَفَ strike, beat, especially bow-string with mallet, to clean cotton; also play the lyre; Aramaic נְדַף = NH; Ethiopic ነደፈ throw, hurl);—

Qal Impf. sf. יִדְּפֶנּוּ Jb 32:13 (juss.); 3 fs. sf. תִּדְּפֶנּוּ ψ 1:4; 2 ms. תִּנְדֹּף ψ 68:3;—drive about, chaff, subj. wind ψ 1:4; wicked, subj. God 68:3 (כְּהִנְדֹּף עָשָׁן, v. infr.); cf. Jb 32:13 (= defeat, anguish).

Niph. Pf. נִדַּף Is 19:7; Inf. כְּהִנְדֹּף ψ 68:3 (v Kö^{i. 306 f.}); Pt. נִדָּף Lv 26:36 + 3 times;—be driven, driven about (especially by wind) ψ 68:3, v. supr. (like a driving [Che drift] of smoke); of breath (הֶבֶל) fig. of deceitful gain Pr 21:6 (𝔊 Hi Ew רֹדֵף; v. De Now); of withered plant Is 19:7 (where subj. עָרוֹת, מִזְרָע i.e. place; whence Che trans. נ׳ vanish; but ref. prob. to plant-life in these places, v. Di); of leaf Lv 26:36 (as making slight sound), Jb 13:25 (fig. of sufferer, ‖ קַשׁ יָבֵשׁ), of chaff (קַשׁ) Is 41:2 (sim. of bow of hostile kings ‖ עָפָר).

† נָדַר vb. vow (NH id.; Ph. נדר; ‖ form of נָזַר, q.v.);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ ψ 132:2 2 S 15:8; נָדָ֑ר Ju 11:39; 3 fs. נָדָ֑רָה Nu 30:11; 2 ms. נָדַרְתָּ Gn 31:13 + 5 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יִדֹּר Nu 6:21 + 5 times יִדַּר Ju 11:30; 2 ms. תִּדֹּר Dt 12:17 + 4 times, תִּדּוֹר Ec 5:4 + 4 times; Imv. pl. נִדְרוּ ψ 76:12; Inf. לִנְדֹּר Nu 6:2 Dt 23:23; Pt. נֹדֵר Lv 27:8; Mal 1:14;—vow a vow נָדַר נֶדֶר Gn 28:20; 31:13 (both E), Nu 21:2; (J), Nu 6:2; 30:3, 4 (P), Ju 11:30; 1 S 1:11; 2 S 15:8, 7; Is 19:21; נֶדֶר om. Lv 27:8 Nu 30:11 (P); Dt 23:23; ψ 76:12 Ec 5:4^(×2); c. לְ to whom Nu 6:21 Dt 23:24; Mal 1:14; ψ 132:2; Ec 5:3; נֶדֶר אֲשֶׁר נָדַר vow which he vowed Dt 12:11, 17; 23:22^(×2) Ju 11:39; Je 44:25; Jon 1:16; cf. אֲשֶׁר נ׳ אֲשַׁלֵּ֑מָה Jon 2:10, אֵת אֲשֶׁר תִּדֹּר שַׁלֵּם Ec 5:3.

† נֶ֫דֶר, נֵ֫דֶר n.m. ^{Nu 30:5} vow;—נֶ֫דֶר Gn 28:20 + 17 times; נֵ֫דֶר Nu 30:10 + 4 times; sf. נִדְרִי 2 S 15:7 + 5 times sfs.; pl. נְדָרִים Jon 1:16 Pr 20:25; sf. נְדָרַי ψ 22:26 + 3 times; נִדְרֵיהֶם Lv 22:18 + 24 times sfs.;—vow:

1. of personal service to י׳ Gn 28:20; 31:13 (of Jacob at Bethel), 2 S 15:7, 8 (at Hebron); Lv 27:2 (P, any one), of Nazirite Nu 6:2, 5, 21; Hannah’s consecration of her son 1 S 1:11, cf. בר נדרי Pr 31:2.

2. in gen. of any kind of votive offerings or promised gifts to י׳ Nu 30:3, 4, 5^(×2), 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 (P) Dt 12:11, 17, 26; 23:19, 22; Is 19:21; Na 2:1 ψ 22:26; 61:6, 9; 65:2; 116:14, 18; Pr 20:25; Jb 22:27; Ec 5:3.

3. Jephthah’s daughter as עולה Ju 11:30, 39.

4. the ban Nu 21:2 (E).

5. ‖ עוֹלָה ψ 66:13; תּוֹדָה ψ 50:14; 56:13; שְׁלָמִים Nu 15:8; opp. נדבה Lv 7:16 Nu 15:3; 29:39 (P), Lv 22:18, 21, 23; 23:38 (H), Dt 12:6, 17; 1 S 1:21; Jon 1:16.

6. once of idolatry Je 44:25 (נ׳ לְקַטֵּר לִמְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם).—Vbs. used are: נָדַר q.v.; שִׁלֵּם pay 2 S 15:7 + 12 times; עשׂה Ju 11:39 Je 44:25; נשׂא Dt 12:26; קום Nu 30:5, 8, 12, 15; הֵקִים Je 44:25; אסּר Nu 30:14; פִּלֵּא Lv 22:21 Nu 15:3, 8 הפלא לנ׳ נ׳ Lv 27:2; Nu 6:2; הֵפֵר Nu 30:9. (See these vbs.)

נֹהַּ v. נוהּ.

† I. נָהַג vb. drive, conduct (NH conduct oneself, behave, be accustomed; Arabic نَهَجَ go along the road, keep to the road; Aramaic נְהַג lead);—

Qal Pf. נ׳ La 3:2; נָֽהֲגוּ 1 S 30:20; Impf. יִנְהַג Is 20:4, etc.; Imv. נְהַג 2 K 4:24; Pt. act. נֹהֵג Is 11:6 + 2 times, etc.; pass. נְהוּגִים Is 60:11;— 1. drive, flocks Ex 3:1; cf. (in predict.) Is 11:6 (sq. בְּ); fig., obj. Joseph, ψ 80:2 (sim. of flock); hence, obj. human being, lead on, Ct 8:2 (‖ הֵבִיא אֶל־)); also fig., subj. י׳, La 3:2 (‖ הוֹלִיךְ); pass. pt. of kings led in procession Is 60:11 cf. Di (rather than as captives, Che, as earlier usage; ‖ הֵבִיא); drive away, off, (obj. מִקְנֶה) Gn 31:18 (of Jacob, going by stealth); usually as booty (obj. flocks and herds) 1 S 23:5, חמור יתומים ינהגו Jb 24:3 (unjustly); cf. 1 S 30:2, 20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ We Dr Kit Bu, cf. Th, not HPS q.v.), v 22 (no obj. expr. but really captives ‖ הָלַךְ), Is 20:4; drive an ass for riding 2 K 4:24 (‖ הָלַךְ); a cart (עֲגָלָה) 2 S 6:3 = 1 Ch 13:7 (where בָּע׳); abs. of driving chariot 2 K 9:20; lead out an army to battle (late) 1 Ch 20:1 2 Ch 25:11. 2. fig. וְלִבִּי נֹהֵג בַּחָכְמָה Ec 2:3 my heart behaving itself in wisdom (cf. NH supr.).

Pi. Pf. נִהַג Ex 10:13; נִהַ֫גְתָּ Is 63:14; Impf. יְנַהֵג Dt 4:27, etc.;— 1. drive away, lead off, sq. acc., daughters of Laban Gn 31:26 (‖ גָּנַב); of י׳, leading off people into exile, sq. שָׁ֫מָּה Dt 4:27 (‖ הֵפִיץ), 28:37 (‖ הוֹלִיךְ). 2. lead on, guide, sq. acc., subj. י׳, ψ 78:52 (כַּעֵ֫דֶר ‖ הִסִּיעַ כַּצֹּאן); Is 49:10 (‖ נִהֵל, cf. ψ 23:2); 63:14; ψ 48:15; guide on, a wind, Ex 10:13 (sq. בָּאָרֶץ), ψ 78:26 (‖ הִסִּיעַ). 3. cause to drive (cf. Qal, 2 K 9:20) Ex 14:25 (JE; subj. י׳, v. Di).

† מִנְהָג n.m. driving, charioteering;—abs. מ׳ 2 K 9:20; cstr. מִנְהַג v 20.

† II. [נָהַג] vb.Pi. moan, lament (Arabic نَهِجَ be out of breath, pant, breathe heavily; Aramaic ܢܗܰܓ sigh, groan);—

Pi. Pt. fpl. מְנַהֲגוֹת Na 2:8 (כְּקוֹל יוֹנִים).

† נָהָה vb. wail, lament (prob. onomatop., cf. Sta^{Gesch. i. 388}; Aramaic ܢܗܳܐ, (in Lexx); Ethiopic ንህየ is recreari, respirare, etc. Di⁶³²);—

Qal Pf. וְנָהָה Mi 2:4 lament sq. acc. cogn.; Imv. נְהֵה Ez 32:18, sq. עַל, concerning, for.

Niph. Impf. וַיִּנָּהוּ 1 S 7:2 sq. אַחֲרֵי went mourning after (so most, cf. Th Dr, who argue against Thes were gathered), < read ויפנ(ה), וַיִּפְנוּ turned after = submitted to (as Ez 29:16) 𝔊 (perhaps), We Kit Bu HPS.

† נְהִי n.[m.] wailing, lamentation, mourning song;—נ׳ abs. Am 5:16 + 5 times; וָנֶ֑הִי Je 9:9;—wailing, at י׳’s judgment Mi 2:4 as acc. cogn.; Je 9:9 (c. נָשָׂא עַל־, + בְּכִי, ‖ קִינָה), v 17 (c. id., ‖ דִּמְעָה), v 18 (קוֹל נ׳), 31:15 (‖ בְּכִי, תַּמְרוּרִים); mourning song יוֹדְעֵי נ׳ Am 5:16 of professional mourners, skilled in mourning song; cf. Je 9:19, where taught (‖ קִינָה), also הִי Ez 2:10 (‖ אֵבֶל, מִסְפֵּד) q.v. (Ol Co read נהי, cf. Berthol).

† נִהְיָה n.f. id. (si vera l.);—only Mi 2:4 נָהָה נְהִי נִהְיָה, where, however, Thes al. der. נהיה from היה (Niph., v. p. 228 a supr.); but prob. corrupt, del. 𝔊 Sta^{ZAW 1886, 122 f.} We Now as dittogr.

† [נִי] n.[m.] si vera l., wailing (AV RV) ( = נְהִי);—וְנָֽשְׂאוּ אֵלַיִךְ בְּנִיהֶם קִינָה Ez 27:32, but improb.; 𝔊 𝔖 בְּנֵיהֶם, v. MV; so Co, who, however, del. as gloss, cf. Buhl Berthol.

† הִי n.[m.] si vera l., wailing ( = (נְ)הִי q.v.) Ez 2:10 וָהִ֑י, where probably read וּנְהִי Ol Co, cf. Berthol (‖ קינים והגה).

† [נָהַל] vb.Pi. lead, guide to a watering-place or station, and cause to rest there; bring to a station or place of rest; lead, guide; refresh (cf. Arabic مَنْهَلٌ watering-place, نَهَلَ take a first drink; likewise (Dozy) مَنْهَلَةٌ station, stage of the road; perhaps also Assyrian naʾâlu, lie down Dl^{HWB 438}; Dl^{HA 5f.;Prol 17 ff.} tries to explain all the passages from this Assyrian nâlu; against him v. Prä^{LOPh i. 195} Che^{Acad., April 12, 1884} DHM^{ZKF i. 357 f.} Nö^{ZMG xl. 1886, 728}; two √ √ proposes by RDWilson ^{Presb. Rev. (N.Y.), April, 1885} (careful art.), cf. Che ^{ψ 23:2, crit. n.});—

Pi. Pf. 2 ms. נֵהַלְתָּ Ex 15:13; Impf. 3 ms. יְנַהֵל Is 40:11; sf. יְנַהֲלֵנִי ψ 23:2, יְנַהֲלֵם Is 49:10; וַיְנַהֲלֵם Gn 47:17 2 Ch 32:22; 2 ms. sf. תְּנַהֲלֵנִי ψ 31:4; 3 mpl. sf. וַיְנַהֲלוּם 2 Ch 28:15; Pt. מְנַהֵל Is 51:18;— 1. lead to a watering-place (or station), and cause to rest there, subj. י׳ as shepherd, Is 49:10 (עַל־ loc.; ‖ נהג), ψ 23:2 (c. עַל־ loc.; ‖ הִרְבִּיץ), Is 40:11 (‖ רעה, קִבֵּץ). 2. lead or bring to a station, a goal, י׳ subj. Ex 15:13 (song; no obj. expressed, אֶל־ loc.; ‖ נחה); human subj. 2 Ch 28:15 and they conducted all the feeble of them by means of (ב) asses (‖ הֵבִיא). 3. lead, guide: fig., אֵין מְנַהֵל לָהּ Is 51:18 there is no one to be a guide for her, i.e. for Jerus., drunk with cup of י׳’s fury (‖ מַחֲזִיק בְּיָדָהּ); י׳ subj. ψ 31:4 lead me (‖ תַּנְחֵנִי). 4. give rest to (?) וַיְנ׳ מִסָּבִיב 2 Ch 32:22 and he gave them rest on every hand, cf. 𝔊 𝔙 (= וַיָּנַח לָהֶם מִסּ׳ 1 Ch 22:18 +, prob. so read here, v. Be DHM Öt). 5. refresh with food, וַיְנ׳ בַּלֶּחֶם Gn 47:17 (J).

Hithp. Impf. prob. journey by stations, stages, only 1 s. אֶתְנַהֲלָה Gn 33:14 (J), I will proceed, journey on, by stages (i.e. deliberately, with family and cattle).

נַהֲלָל v. ii. נַהֲלֹל.

† I. נַהֲלֹל n.m. pasture, or perhaps (Enc Bi⁶¹⁴) watering-place (see √), only pl. נַהֲלֹלִים Is 7:19.

II. נַהֲלֹל n.pr.loc. Ju 1:30 in Zebulun, 𝔊 Δωμανα, A Εναμμαν, 𝔊L Αμμαν; = נַהֲלָל Jos 19:15; 21:35, 𝔊 Ναβααλ, Νααλωλ, 𝔊L Αναλωθ, Αλωμ;—site unknown, cf. GFM Ju 1:30.

† [נָהַם] vb. growl, groan (NH id.; Arabic نَهَمَ Aramaic ܢܗܰܡ נְהַם);—

Qal Pf. וְנָהַמְתָּ֫ Pr 5:11; וּנְהַמְתֶּם Ez 24:23; Impf. יִנְהֹם Is 5:29, 30; Pt. נֹהֵם Pr 28:15;— 1. growl, of a lion (viz. while it is devouring its prey: opp. שׁאג, of roar with which it springs upon it RS^{Proph. 243}) Pr 28:15, of Assyrian (under fig. of lion) Is 5:29; sq. עַל (over), v 30. 2. groan, of sufferer Pr 5:11; Ez 24:23.

† נַ֫הַם n.[m.] growling of lion;—fig. of king’s wrath Pr 19:12, cf. 20:2.

† [נְהָמָה] n.f. growling, groaning;—only cstr. נָֽהֲמַת:

1. Is 5:30 of sea, in sim. of growling of Assyrian lion.

2. fig. groaning ψ 38:9 of heart (שָׁאַ֫גְתִּי מִנ׳).

† [נָהַק] vb. bray, cry (NH id.; Arabic نَهَقَ bray (of ass); Aramaic נְהַק cry out (of men), נְהִיקָא braying);—

Qal Impf. יִנְהַק Jb 6:5 of wild ass; יִנְהָ֑קוּ 30:7 of cries of destitute outcasts.

† I. [נָהַר] vb. flow, stream (Arabic نَهَرَ, run, flow; perhaps denom. from نَهْرٌ river, and this loan-wd. (cf. Frä²⁸⁵); Assyrian nâru, stream, river, Dl^{HWB 440}; Aramaic ܢܰܗܪܳܐ נַהֲרָא river);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנָֽהֲרוּ Is 2:2 + 2 times; Impf. 3 mpl. יִנְהֲרוּ Je 51:44;—flow, stream, only fig.: of restored Isr. streaming אֶל־טוּב י׳ עַל־דָּגָן וגו׳ Je 31:12; nations to (אֶל־) Bel 51:44; to temple-hill at Jerus. Is 2:2 (אֵלָיו) = Mi 4:1 (עָלָיו).

נָהָר₁₂₀ n.m. ^{Gn 2:10} stream, river;—abs. נ׳ Gn 2:10 +; cstr. נְהַר Dt 1:7 +; pl. נְהָרִים Is 18:7 + 4 times, cstr. נַהֲרֵי Is 18:1 + 2 times; but oftener נְהָר(וֹ)ת Is 19:6 + 23 times; cstr. נַהֲרוֹת 2 K 5:12 + 2 times; sf. נַהֲרוֹתֶיךָ Ez 32:2, נַהֲרֹתַיִךְ Is 44:27, נַהֲרֹתֶיהָ Ez 31:4, 15, נַהֲרֹתָם Ex 7:19, נַהֲרוֹתָם Ez 32:2, 14; appar. du. נַהֲרַיִם Gn 24:10 + 2 times, נַהֲרָ֑יִם Ju 3:8 (v. infr.) (all in אֲרַם נ׳);—

1. stream, river, Nu 24:6 (JE), Jb 14:11; 40:23 ψ 105:41 (in sim.), Is 48:18 (id.), 59:19 (id.) + often; freq. of partic. rivers; r. of Eden Gn 2:10 and its branches v 13, 14 (all J); נְהַר מִצְרַיִם 15:18 (J; i.e., si vera l., the Nile) but read prob. נַחַל מ׳, whence נהר through infl. of foll. נהר—cf. 2 K 24:7—Nö^{ZMG xl. 1886, 699} (alternat.), Lag^{BN 140} Ball^Hpt; נָהָר of Nile Is 19:5; especially of Euphrates נְהַר פְּרָת Gn 15:18; Dt 1:7 (both + הַנּ׳ הַגָּדוֹל) Jos 1:4 + 8 times + 2 S 8:3 (Qr 𝔊 and ‖ 1 Ch 18:3; Kt om. פְּרָת;—cf. also Gn 2:14b supr.); oftener (of Euphr.) without פ׳: הַנָּהָר κατʼ ἐξοχήν, Gn 31:21 Ex 23:31 Nu 22:5; Jos 24:2, 3, 14, 15 (all E), poss. also Gn 36:37 (P; cf. Di) = 1 Ch 1:48, + 13 times + 2 S 8:3 Kt (v. supr.); and even without art. (poet.) † Is 7:20; Je 2:18 Mi 7:12; Zc 9:10; ψ 72:8; הַנּ׳ הַגּ׳ once of Tigris †Dn 10:4; †נְהַר גוֹזָן (חבור) 2 K 17:6; 18:11 cf. 1 Ch 5:26; pl. נַהֲרֵי כוּשׁ Zp 3:10; perhaps of a canal: נְהַר־כְּבָר Ez 1:1, 3 + 6 times Ez; הַנָּהָר אַהֲוָא Ezr 8:21, נְהַר א׳ v 31; cf. נַהֲרוֹת בָּבֶל ψ 137:1; canals poss. also in שַׁעֲרֵי הַנּ׳ Na 2:7 (of Nineveh); of canals of Egypt Ex 7:19 (‖ יְאֹרִים etc.), 8:1 (‖ id.).

2. נְהָרוֹת (מִבְּכִי) Jb 28:11 usually understood of (underground) streams; Szold^{Comm. Jb} Gr^{Monatsschr. 1887, 410} and Perles^{Analekten. 69} proposes נִבְכֵי נ׳ sources of rivers (cf. 36:16); Wetzst Hoffm Bu מַבְּכֵי נ׳ (not elsewhere) with similar meaning.

3. fig. of י׳s favour ψ 46:5.—On נַהֲרַיִם ending appar. du., v. אֲרַם; Tel Am. Na-ri-ma, Naḫrima (Wkl^TelAm.40), and Egyptian Nhrina (WMM^{As. u. Eur. 249 ff.}) point however to orig. ending ִים; this inconsistent with view of EMey^{Gesch. § 180} that ַיִם here a locative ending (cf. Ba^{§ c. Anm. 1} Buhl^{Ges 12}), v. also Di Gn 24:10.

† II. נָהַר vb. shine, beam (Aramaic) (NH id., especially in deriv.; Assyrian nûru, light, Dl^{HWB 440}; Arabic نَهِرٌ daytime, نَهَارٌ day, daytime; Aramaic ܢܗܰܪ shine, נְהַר id.; Palm. נהירא illustrious, e.g. Vog^{Palm. No. 22});—

Qal Pf. 2 fs. consec. וְנָהַרְתְּ Is 60:5; 3 pl. נָהָ֑רוּ ψ 34:6;—beam, be radiant, fig. of joy: תִּרְאִי וְנ׳ Is 60:5, הִבִּיטוּ אֵלָיו וְנ׳ ψ 34:6 (read הַבּ׳, וּנְהָרוּ, v. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Che Bae Du).

† נְהָרָה n.f. light, daylight (as Aramaic נְהוֹרָא, ܢܽܘܗܪܳܐ m.);—וְאַל־תּוֹפַע עָלָיו נ׳ Jb 3:4 (opp. חֹשֶׁךְ).

† [מִנְהָרָה] n.f. dub., only pl. הַמִּנְהָרוֹת אֲשֶׁר בֶּהָרִים Ju 6:2 (+ הַמְּעָרוֹת caves, הַמְּצָדוֹת strong-holds)—(clearly, si vera l., from a √ נהר, but with what meaning? Schultens ^{Jb 49} comp. Arabic مِنْهَرَةٌ, مِنْهَرٌ [which means a place hollowed out by water], and rend. crevices, ravines, so Thes al.; Rashi Ki Wetzst ^{Hauran, 46} think of caves with a light-opening; R. Levi ben Gerson beacons, i.e. towers for fire-signals, GFM; but ii. נהר late in Heb.; 𝔊 τρυμαλίας, 𝔙 antra; Bu thinks הַמְּעָרוֹת a gloss explaining הַמִּנ׳).

† [נוא] vb. hinder, restrain, frustrate (Arabic (نوأ) نَآءَ (or نَاءَ rise with difficulty, rise against one (Frey), iii. contend with, Lane ²⁸⁶¹);—

Qal Impf. 2 mpl. תנואון Nu 32:7 Kt, but read Hiph. (so Qr), cf. Di.

Hiph. Pf. הֵנִיא Nu 30:6, etc.; Impf. יָנִיא v 9, יָנִי ψ 141:5, תְּנִיאוּן Nu 32:7 Qr;— 1. restrain, forbid (performance of vow), sq. acc. pers. Nu 30:6^(×2), 9, 12; frustrate (device of people), subj. י׳, sq. acc. rei, ψ 33:10 (‖ הֵפִיר); refuse 141:5 (text dub. v. Che). 2. restrain, make averse the heart (acc.) Nu 32:7 (sq. מֵעֲבֹר), v 9 (sq. לְבִלְתִּי־בֹא).

† [תְּנוּאָה] n.f. opposition;—sf. תְּנוּאָתִי Nu 14:34 my opposition, of י׳; pl. תְּנוּאוֹת עָלַי יִמְצָא Jb 33:10 = occasions for hostility (‖ count as enemy).

† [נוּב] vb. bear fruit (poet.) (Aramaic נוֹבָא fruit (rare));—

Qal Impf. יָנוּב ψ 62:11 Pr 10:31; יְנוּבוּן ψ 92:15;—only fig., abs. of righteous under fig. of tree ψ 92:15; חַיִל כִּי יָנוּב 62:11 if wealth beareth fruit; Pr 10:31 פִּי צַדִּיק יָנוּב חָכְמָה beareth the fruit of wisdom. Poʿl. Impf. יְנוֹבֵב Zc 9:17, דָּגָן בַּחוּרִים וְתִירוֹשׁ יְנ׳ בְּתֻלוֹת fig. for makes to flourish.

† נוֹב Kt (Qr נִיב, q.v.) n.[m.] fruit;—cstr. Is 57:19 fruit of lips (fig. for thanksgiving).

† [נִיב] n.[m.] fruit;—ניב cstr. Is 57:19 Qr, v. supr.; נִיבוֹ Mal 1:12 of offerings to י׳ as fruit of his table (‖ אכלו).

† נוֹבָ֑י n.pr.m. a chief of people Ne 10:20 Qr נִיבָ֑י (Baer; נֵיבָ֑י van d. H., Ginsb; 𝔊 Νωβαι (cf. Palm. נבי n.pr.f. Cook¹²⁴ Lzb³²¹).

תְּנוּבָה n.f. fruit, produce;—abs. Is 27:6; cstr. תְּנוּבַת Ez 36:30; תְּנוּבָתִי Ju 9:11; pl. תְּנוּבֹת Dt 32:13, -וֹת La 4:9; especially ת׳ שָׂדַי fruit, produce, of field Dt 32:13 La 4:9; cf. ת׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Ez 36:30 (‖ פרי העץ); of fig-tree Ju 9:11; metaph. of Isr. וּמָֽלְאוּ פְנֵי־תֵבֵל ת׳ Is 27:6 (‖ יַשְׁרֵשׁ יעקב יציץ ופרח ישׂ׳).

† נוּד vb. move to and fro, wander, flutter, shew grief (NH id. (rare); Aramaic ܢܳܕ נוּד, shake, move to and fro, be disturbed, agitated; Biblical Aramaic flee (v. infr.); Arabic (نود) نَادَ waver, totter);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָד, so read for MT נֵד Is 17:11 Ges Hi Ew Di Kit Che^Hpt RV; 3 pl. נָ֫דוּ Je 50:3; Impf. 3 ms. יָנוּד 1 K 14:15 + 3 times; 2 ms. תָּנוּד Je 4:1, juss. תָּנֹד 16:5; 3 mpl. וַיָּנֻ֫דוּ Jb 42:11; 2 mpl. תָּנֻ֫דוּ Je 22:10; Imv. fs. נ֫וּדִי ψ 11:1 Qr (Kt נודו); mpl. נֻ֫דוּ Je 48:17 + 2 times Je; Inf. לָנוּד Jb 2:11 + 2 times; Pt. נָד Gn 4:12, 14;— 1. a. move to and fro, wander aimlessly, as fugitive, נָע וָנָד Gn 4:12, 14 (J), Je 4:1 (Gie, as apod., so RV; but Ew Hi Gf Che Ke, as prot., if thou wanderest not [morally], and swearest, etc.,—Ew Hi reading with 𝔊 שׁקוציך מִפִּיךָ וּמִפָּנַי לא תנוד; Co del. v 1, 2); take flight (perhaps metaplast. form of נדד q.v.), נֻסוּ נֻּדוּ מְאֹד Je 49:30 (on dagh. v. Ges^{§ 20 g}), of harvest Is 17:11 i.e. be destroyed, in fig. (v. supr.); Je 50:3 (‖ הלך), v 8 (sq. מִתּוֹךְ; ‖ יצא). b. flutter, of bird Pr 26:2 (‖ עוּף); fig. of soul ψ 11:1. c. waver, wave, shake, of reed 1 K 14:15 (sim. of smitten Isr.). 2. shew grief (i.e. by shaking or nodding head), usually sq. ל pers.: a. lament for the dead (Josiah) Je 22:10 (‖ בכה), for Jerus. Je 15:5 (‖ חמל), 16:5 (‖ ספד), Is 51:19; for Nineveh Na 3:7; Moab Je 48:17. b. condole, shew sympathy with Jb 2:11; 42:11; abs. ψ 69:21.

Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יָנִיד Je 18:16; 3 fs. sf. תְּנִדֵנִי ψ 36:12; Imv. ms. sf. הֲנִידֵ֑מוֹ ψ 59:12 (so read for MT הורידמו 𝔖 Lag ^{Proph. Chald. xlviii.} Dr 2 S 15:20 cf. Che^{crit. n.} Hup-Now Bae Du); Inf. לְהָנִיד 2 K 21:8;— 1. cause to wander aimlessly, as fugitives, c. acc. pers. ψ 36:12; 59:12 (v. supr.), sq. רֶגֶל 2 K 21:8. 2. make a wagging, wag with the head, בְּרֹאשׁ Je 18:16.

Hoph. Pt. כְּקוֹץ מֻנָֿד 2 S 23:6 and the worthless, like briers made to flutter (tossed away) are they (text dub.; Klo Bu HPS read מדבר). Hithpoʿlel Pf. 3 fs. וְהִתְנוֹדֲדָה consec. Is 24:20; Impf. 2 ms. תִּתְנוֹדָ֑ד Je 48:27; Pt. מִתְנוֹדֵד Je 31:18;— 1. move oneself to and fro, sway, totter, Is 24:20 (of earth). 2. shake oneself, in excitement Je 48:27 (perhaps of scorn = wag the head, as Hiph. Je 18:16 cf. Gf RV). 3. bemoan oneself (cf. Qal 2), Je 31:18 (the lament follows in orat. recta).

† I. [נוֹד, נֹד] n.[m.

† II. נוֹד appar. n.pr.terr. ארץ־נ׳ Gn 4:16 of region into which Cain wandered (cf. v 12, 14); 𝔊 (strangely) Ναιδ; 𝔙 appellat., profugus in terra, cf. Symm Theod, v. Ne^{Margin 9}.

† נִיד n.m.^{(v. infr.)} quivering motion of lips;—only cstr. נ׳ שְׂפָתַי Jb 16:5 the motion of my lips (in expressing sympathy).—MT makes subj. of יחשׂך, but read prob. אחשׂך, v. חשׂך.

נִידָה v. נִדָּה sub נדד.

† [מָנוֹד] n.[m.] a shaking, wagging;—only cstr. מְנוֹד רֹאשׁ ψ 44:15 object of head-shaking, in derision (of Isr.; ‖ מָשָׁל; v 14 חֶרְפָּה, לַעַג, קֶלֶס).

נוהּ (prob. √ of foll., si vera l., cf. Arabic نَاهَ (نوه) be high, eminent).

† נֹהַּ n.[m.] eminency, distinction;—לֹא נֹהַּ בָּהֶם Ez 7:11 no eminency is left in them (so A 𝔊 Theod Symm Ges Ke), < del. 𝔊B Co Berthol Toy, cf. also Da.

† I. [נָוָה] vb. only

Hiph. (si vera l.) lit. beautify (then connected with נאה be comely, so Buhl SS; cf. NH נוה Niph. shew oneself beautiful, Nithp. adorn oneself, נָוֶה adj. beautiful, Levy^NHWB);—Impf. 1 s. sf. אַנְוֵהוּ Ex 15:2 I will beautify, adorn him (with praises; obj. י׳; ‖ רומם; 𝔊 δοξάσω, 𝔙 glorificabo).—Adj. נָוָה Je 6:2, v. נָאוֶה sub [נָאָה].

II. נוה (√ of foll., meaning dub.; Arabic نَوَى is aim at, propose to oneself as aim (e.g. of journey), viii. betake oneself to a place of alighting, or abode; نَوًى, نِيَّةٌ place to which one purposes journeying Lane ³⁰⁴⁰; hence poss. i. נָוֶה as goal of shepherd; cf. Sab. נוי meadow, pasture, DHM^{Südar. Alt. 32}; see however Dr 1 S 19:18 HPS ^ib.; NH נָוָה dwelling, habitation).

† I. נָוֶה n.m. ^{Is 27:10} abode of shepherd, or flocks, poet. habitation;—abs. Is 27:10 +; cstr. נְוֵה Ex 15:13 +; נְוַת Jb 8:6 (as if from נָוָה; or read נְוֵה?); sf. נָֽוְךָ Jb 5:24, נָוֵ֫הוּ 2 S 15:25 +, נְוֵהֶם Je 49:20 Ez 34:14 (cf. Sta^{§ 351 c.}), נְוֵהֶן Je 23:3 (so Baer Ginsb; נְוֵיהֶן van d. H., pl. according to Kö^{ii. 1, p. 77});—

1. a. abode, of sheep 2 S 7:8 (‖ מֵאַחַר הַצֹּאן) = 1 Ch 17:17; Is 65:10 (‖ רָבַץ); of people under fig. of sheep Je 23:3; 49:20 = 50:45, 50:19 Ez 34:14^(×2) (‖ רָבַץ, מִרְעֶה); of camels Ez 25:5 (‖ מִרְבַּץ צֹאן). b. abode of shepherds Je 33:12 (+ מַרְבִּיצִים צֹאן). c. = meadow, in fig. of Ephr. planted (שָׁתוּל) as tree Ho 9:13.

2. habitation, usually of country, or of domains in the country (chiefly poet.), Jb 5:3; 8:6 (נְוַת צִדְקֶ֑ךָ, v. supr.), Pr 21:20; ‖ אֹהֶל Jb 5:24; 18:15; ‖ בַּיִת Pr 3:33; ‖ רֵבֶץ 24:15; of י׳ in Canaan 2 S 15:25; of Can. as place of י׳’s sanctuary, נ׳ קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ Ex 15:13; fig. of י׳ himself, נ׳ צֶדֶק Je 50:7; habit. of nation Je 10:25; 25:30 Is 32:18 (נ׳ שָׁלוֹם), ψ 79:7; = city Is 27:10, especially Jerus. Is 33:20 (נ׳ שַׁאֲנָן, ‖ אֹהֶל); נ׳ אֵיתָן Je 49:19 (fig. of Edom) = 50:44 (of Bab.); of land of Isr., נ׳ צֶדֶק Je 31:23 (‖ הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ). Twice of habitation of jackals Is 34:13; 35:7 (both ‖ חָצִיר).

† I. [נָוָה] vb.denom. dwell, abide (si vera l.);—only

Qal Impf. 3 ms. לֹא יִנְוֶה Hb 2:5 he shall not abide, so Ke; Hi rest (cf. Da); We proposes יִרְוֶה be satiated, cf. 𝔖 Krochm יָנוּחַ.

† II. [נָוֶה] adj. dwelling, abiding;—only (si vera l.) נְוַת בַּיִת ψ 68:13 she that is abiding at home.—נָוָה Je 6:2 v. נָאוֶה sub [נָאָה].

† II. [נָוָה] n.f. pasture, meadow;—pl. cstr. נְוֹת Zp 2:6, usually נְאוֹת ψ 23:2 + 11 times;—

1. pasture, meadow: נ׳ הָרֹעִים Am 1:2, cf. Zp 2:6 (‖ גִּדְרוֹת צֹאן; v. also [כָּרָה] p. 500 supr.); especially נְאוֹת (הַ)מִּדְבָּר Je 9:9; 23:10 ψ 65:13, Jo 1:19, 20; 2:22; נ׳ דֶּשֶׁא ψ 23:2 grassy pastures; נ׳ אֱלֹהִים ψ 83:13 pastures of God, i.e. the land of Canaan, נ׳ יַעֲקֹב La 2:2; נ׳ הַשָּׁלוֹם Je 25:37 meadows of peace;

2. נ׳ חָמָס ψ 74:20 appar. habitations (?) of violence, but read prob. גַּאֲוָה וְח׳, so Bi Che (v. 73:6).—Je 6:2 v. sub [נָאָה]; Jb 8:6 v. i. נָוֶה.

† נוית Kt (i.e. נָוִית, or נָֽוְיַת, Ginsb), נָיוֹת Qr; prob. n.pr.loc. in Ramah (poss. = habitations, but dub., v. Dr 1 S 19:18 HPS);—abode of prophets 1 S 19:18, 19, 22, 23^(×2) and 20:1 (where Baer נוות Kt); sq. בָּרָמָה (except 19:18); 𝔊 Ἀυαθ (ν dropped out after ἐν), so 𝔊L; A Ναυιωθ.

† נוּחַ vb. rest (NH id.; Aramaic נוּחַ, ܢܳܚ; Ph. נחת n. rest; poss. also vb. ינח (Iph. Pf.), cf. Levy cited CIS ^{i. 118} Lzb ³²²; Assyrian nâḫu, rest, and deriv.; Ethiopic ኖኀ: be extended, long, rarely rest; Arabic ناخ iv. is make camel lie down on his breast; مُنَاخٌ resting-place of camel, cf. Doughty^{Arab. Des. i, 397, ii, 63, 486, 642});—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. נָ֫חָה Is 7:2 + 2 times, וְנָחָה Is 11:2; 1 s. נָ֑חְתִּי Jb 3:26; 1 pl. נַחְנוּ 2 S 17:12; 3 pl. נָ֫חוּ Est 9:22, וְנָחוּ Is 7:19; Impf. 3 ms. יָנוּחַ Ex 23:12 + 6 times, וַיָּ֫נַח Ex 10:14; 20:11; 3 fs. תָּנוּחַ Is 25:10 Pr 14:33, וַתָּ֫נַח Gn 8:4 Nu 11:26; 2 ms. תָּנוּחַ Dn 12:13 etc.; Inf. abs. נוֹחַ Est 9:16, 17, 18; cstr. לָנוּחַ 2 S 21:10; כְּנוֹחַ Nu 11:25 Jos 3:13 Ne 9:28; sf. 3 ms. בְּנֻחֹה Nu 10:36;—לְנוּחֶ֑ךָ 2 Ch 6:41 v. מְנוּחָה;— 1. rest, settle down and remain, sq. עַל; of birds 2 S 21:10; ark Gn 8:4 (P); נָ֫חָה אֲרָם עַל־אֶפְרַיִם Is 7:2 Aram hath settled down upon Ephraim; of spirit of י׳ Nu 11:25, 26 (E), Is 11:2; spirit of Elijah 2 K 2:15; sceptre of wicked ψ 125:3 (in fig.); sq. בְּ loc.: of insects Ex 10:14 (J), Is 7:19 (fig. of invaders); of soles of feet resting in water Jos 3:13 (JE); hand of י׳ Is 25:10; wisdom Pr 14:33; anger Ec 7:9; בִּקְהַל וְפָאִים יָנוּחַ Pr 21:16 in the assembly of Shades shall be settle down; abs., = stop, of ark at stages of journey Nu 10:36 (JE); cease speaking 1 S 25:9. 2. repose, be quiet, have rest: after labour Ex 20:11 (E; of God), 23:12 (E; of cattle), Dt 5:14 (of slave); have rest from (מִן) enemies Est 9:16 (inf. abs. נוֹחַ, + עָמוֹד, הָרוֹג), v 22, cf. (abs.) v 17, 18 (in both + עָשׂה), Ne 9:28; be at rest (from trouble), abs., Jb 3:26 (+ שָׁלַוְתִּי, שָׁקַטְתִּי); of the earth Is 14:7; in couch of the grave 57:2; in Sheʿôl Jb 3:17, so prob. Dn 12:13; also לֹא תָּנוּחַ לָךְ Is 23:12 = thou shall not be at rest, cf. impers. יָנוּחַ לִי Jb 3:13 = I should be at rest (in Sheʾôl).—אָנוּחַ לְיוֹם צָרָה Hb 3:16 is dub.: I wait quietly for the day of distress De Ke Hi-St SS, so Now, doubtfully; We conj. אֶנָּחֵם as Is 1:24 I will appease me GASm leaves untransl.

Hiph. A. Pf. 3 ms. הֵנִיחַ Jos 22:4 +; 1 s. וַהֲנִיחֹ֫תִי 2 S 7:11 +; הֵנִ֫יחוּ Zc 6:8; Impf. 3 ms. יָנִיחַ Ex 17:11 +; וַיָּ֫נַח Jos 21:42 +; sf. וַיְנִיחֵנִי Ez 37:1; 40:2; 3 fs. sf. תְּנִיחֶנּוּ Is 63:14 (but v. infr.), etc.; Imv. mpl. הָנִ֫יחוּ Is 28:12; Inf. cstr. הָנִיחַ Is 14:3 +, sf. הֲנִיחִי Ez 24:13; Pt. מֵנִיחַ Jos 1:13;— 1. cause to rest = give rest to: a. sq. acc. יָדוֹ Ex 17:11 (E), רוּחִי Zc 6:8; so appar. sq. חֲמָתִי + ב pers., quiet (i.e. sate) my fury by (weak it upon) Ez 5:13 (del. Co), 16:42, 24:13, also 21:22 (Co adds ב pers.). b. usually sq. ל pers.: (1) give rest to i.e. bring to resting-place Ex 33:14 (J), Dt 3:20 Jos 1:13, 15; 22:4 (all D), 1 Ch 23:25; so, c. sf., Is 63:14 (si vera l.; Vrss Lo Ew Brd Che^Hpt. read תַּנְחֶנּוּ, leadeth him, √ נחה); (2) of freedom from enemies, Is 28:12 2 Ch 14:5 + מִכָּל־איבים [מִסָּבִיב] Dt 12:10; 25:19 Jos 23:1 (D), 2 S 7:1, 11 1 Ch 22:9; so + מִסָּבִיב alone 1 K 5:18 Jos 21:42 (P), 1 Ch 22:18 2 Ch 14:6; 15:15; 20:30, so also prob. 32:22 (for MT וַיְנַהֲלֵם מִסָּבִיב); (3) of freedom from suffering, + מֵעָצְבְּךָ וגו׳ Is 14:3. c. make quiet in mind, set at rest וִינִיהֶ֑ךָ Pr 29:17 discipline thy son, that he may give thee quiet (of mind; ‖ יִתֵּן מַעֲדַנִּים לְנַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ). 2. cause to rest (i.e. light) upon, c. acc. staff + עַל pers. Is 30:32; c. acc. blessing + אֶל־ Ez 44:30; cause to alight, set down, c. sf. pers. + בְּתוֹךְ loc. Ez 37:1; + אֶל־ loc. 40:2.— For this meaning v. especially B. infr. B. Pf. 3 ms. הִנִּיחַ Ju 3:1 +, הִנִּחַ 1 K 8:9, sf. וְהִנִּיחוֹ Dt 26:4, וְהִנִּיחָם Lv 16:23 both consec.; 2 ms. וְהִנַּחְתָּ֫ Dt 14:28, sf. וְהִנַּחְתּוֹ 26:10 consec., etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַנִּיחַ Lv 7:15, וַיַּנַּה Ju 2:23 +, sf. וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ Ex 16:34; 3 fs. וַתַּנַּח Gn 39:16, 2 ms. juss. אַל־תַּנַּח Ec 7:18 + 2 times, etc.; Imv. ms. הַנַּח Ho 4:7 + 2 times, הַנִּ֫יחָה Ex 32:10 Ju 16:26, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. לְהַנִּיחוֹ Nu 32:15, לְהַנִּיחָם Est 3:8; Pt. מַנִּיחַ Ec 5:11;— 1. lay or set down, deposit, let lie, c. acc. rei, usually + word of place: stones at ford of Jordan Jos 4:3, 8 (JE), ark 1 S 6:18, garments Gn 39:16 (J), Lv 16:23 (P), Ez 42:14; 44:19; cf. Ex 16:23, 24, 33, 34 Nu 17:19, 22 (all P), Dt 26:4, 10 1 K 8:9; 13:31 Ez 40:42; 42:13; so, acc. om., Ju 6:18, 20 Dt 14:28 Nu 19:9 (P), 1 S 10:25; place, put, sq. acc. pers. + local modif., Gn 2:15 (J), 19:16 (J), Jos 6:23 (JE), Lv 24:12 Nu 15:34 (both P), Is 14:1; 46:7 Ez 37:14; prob. also Zc 5:11 (read וְהִנִּיחֻהָ, v. Ges^{§ 72 ee}); read וַיַּנִּיחֵם also 2 K 18:11 (𝔊 ἔθετο; for MT וַיַּנְחֵם; cf. וַיּשֶׁב אוֹתָם ‖ 2 K 17:6); place corpse on (אֶל־) ass 1 K 13:29, in grave v 30; horsemen and chariots in cities 2 Ch 1:14; 9:25, so read also ‖ 1 K 10:26 (𝔊 ἔθετο; for MT וַיַּנְחֵם); tables in temple 2 Ch 4:8; idols in shrines 2 K 17:29 (acc. om.). Here belongs perhaps also וְגַם מִזֶּה אַל־תַּנַּח אֶת־יָדֶ֑ךָ Ec 7:18 and also from this do not let thy hand lie (idle), i.e. engage in it, cf. 11:6; lay down forcibly, thrust down הִנִּיחַ לָאָרֶץ בְּיָ֑ד Is 28:2, cf. Am 5:7; perhaps also Ez 22:20 (abs.; but del. Co Berthol, after 𝔊). 2. let remain, leave (in present condition), obj. nations Ju 2:23; 3:1 Je 27:11, people in wilderness Nu 32:15 (JE); וְהִנִּיחוּךְ עֵירֹם וְעֶרְיָה Ez 16:39; sq. acc. rei Lv 7:15 1 K 7:47 (leave unweighed); leave behind sq. acc. pers. Gn 42:33 (E), 2 S 16:21; 20:3 1 K 19:3 Je 43:6; + אֶת־פְּנֵי 1 S 22:4 (read וַיַּנִּחֵם, for MT וַיַּנְחֵם, and he left them with 𝔖 𝔗 𝔙 We Dr Klo Bu Löhr HPS; leave name, for a curse Is 65:15; leave or bequeath to (ל), c. acc. rei, ψ 17:14 Ec 2:18. 3. leave = depart from, מְקוֹמְךָ אַל־תַּנַּח Ec 10:4 do not leave thy place. 4. abandon, sq. acc. pers. Je 14:9; בַּל־תַּנִּיחֵנִי לְעשְׁקָ֑י ψ 119:121 abandon me not to my oppressors. 5. let alone (refrain from interfering with), sq. ל pers. Ex 32:10 (JE; obj. י׳), Ho 4:17 2 S 16:11 2 K 23:18; sq. acc. pers. Est 3:8; = avoid יַנִּיחַ חֲטָאִים גְּדוֹלִים Ec 10:4 (but read perhaps יָנִיחַ, causeth to rest = allayeth cf. Wild) 6. permit, c. acc. pers. Ju 16:26 (v GFM); + inf. לֹא הִנִּיחַ אָדָם לְעָשְׁקָם ψ 105:14 = 1 Ch 16:21, where הִנִּיחַ לְאִישׁ, cf. מַנִּיחַ לוֹ לִישׁוֹן Ec 5:11.

Hoph. A. Pf. 3 ms. הוּנַח־לָ֑נוּ La 5:5 i.e. no rest is granted to us; for 3 fs. וְהֻנִ֫יחָה Zc 5:11 [so Baer Ginsb; Van d. H. והֻנּ׳] read prob. וְהִנִּיחֻהָ v. supr. Hiph. B 1. B. Pt. מֻנָּ֔ח as subst. = space left, open space Ez 41:9, 11^(×2).

נוֹחַ v. נוח Inf. abs. נוּחַ 2 Ch 6:41 v. מְנוּחָה.

† נוֹחָה n.pr.m. 4th son of Benjamin according to 1 Ch 8:2. 𝔊 Ιωα, A Νωα, 𝔊L Νουαα.

† I. נַ֫חַת n.[f.] (appar. m. Jb 36:16, but v. infr.) quietness, rest (under this √ Thes Ol ^{§ 164 c} Sta^{§ 201 d} Kö^{ii. 172 f.}; > sub נחת Dl^{Prol 118 ff.});—נ׳ Is 30:15 + 2 times, נָ֑חַת Jb 17:16 + 2 times; cstr. נַ֫חַת Jb 36:16;—

1. quietness, quiet attitude Is 30:15 (‖ הַשְׁקֵט); דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים בְּנ׳ נִשְׁמָעִים Ec 9:17; opp. עָמָל וּרְעוּת רוּחַ 4:6; opp. רָגַז, שָׂחַק Pr 29:9; of comfort of one’s table, i.e. its satisfying plenty, וְנ׳ שֻׁלְחָֽנְךָ מָלֵא דָ֑שֶׁן Jb 36:16 the comfort of thy table, which (i.e. the table) was full of fat(Di, cf. Bu; > that which is set on thy table shall be, etc. De al., making נ׳ subj. of מָלֵא, and so masc.).

2. rest of death Jb 17:16; read נֵחָ֑ת (𝔊 Du Dr), √ נחת = descend (cf. 21:13). of a still-born child Ec 6:5.—ii, iii. נַחַת v. נחת.

נֹחַ₄₆ n.pr.m. Noah (Nab. n.pr. נוח Lzb ³²², Syriac n.pr. ܢܘܚ Meissn^{VOJ viii, (1894), 303 ad fin. (No. 116)});—Gn 5:29 (where trad. etym.), + 40 times Gn 5–10 (not in ED); 1 Ch 1:4; נֹחַ דָּנִאֵל וְאִיּוֹב Ez 14:14, 20; מֵי נֹחַ = flood Is 54:9^(×2); 𝔊 Νωε.—On hist. of interpret. of name v. Goldziher^{ZMG xxiv. (1870), 207 ff.}

נִיחֹחַ and (Lv 1:9) נִיחוֹחַ₄₃ n.[m.] a quieting, soothing, tranquillizing (cf. i. נַחַת Jb 36:16) (ריח ניחח also Ecclus 45:16 c; on format. v. Ol^{§ 187 b} Sta^{§ 233} Ba^{NB § 142} Kö^{ii. 1, 151, 489}, where, after Philippi^{BAS ii. 362}, ִי expl. as dissim. from וֹ);— abs. נ׳ Gn 8:21 +; sf. נִיחֹחִי Nu 28:2, נִיחֹחֲכֶם Lv 26:31, נִיחוֹחֵיהֶם Ez 20:28;—a soothing, tranquilizing, only in phr. רֵיח נ׳ = soothing, tranquillizing odour of sacrifices acceptable to י׳ Gn 8:21 (J), Ex 29:18, 25, 41 Lv 1:9, 13, 17 + 32 times P. Ez 20:41; of sacrif. to idols † Ez 6:13; 16:19; 20:28.

† הֲנָחָה n.f. a giving of rest, i.e. perhaps holiday-making (cf. jwn Hiph. A;) proposes Inf., Sta^{§ 621 c} Ba^{NB 90}, cf. Kö^{ii. 1, 402};—וַה׳ לַמְּדִינוֹת עָשָׂה Est 2:18 and a holiday-making for the provinces be enacted, 𝔙 requies; but 𝔊 ἄφεσις, whence al. release from taxes, or amnesty.

† יָנוֹחַ n.pr.loc. in extreme N. of Isr. 2 K 15:29; site dub., Yânûḫ (Conder ^{Lists 38}) near Tyre is prob. too far W.; Guérin^{Gal ii. 371 f.} proposes Hunîn, W. of upper Jordan, cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 237}; 𝔊 Ανιωχ, A 𝔊L Ιανωχ.

† יָנ֫וֹחָה n.pr.loc. on border of Ephraim Jos 16:6, 7, identif. with Yânun SE. from Shechem Rob^{BR iii. 297} cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 178}; 𝔊 Ιανωχα, Ιανωκα.

† I. מָנוֹחַ n.m. resting-place, state, or condition of rest;—abs. מ׳ Gn 8:9 + 4 times; cstr. מְנוֹחַ 1 Ch 6:16; pl. sf. 2 fs. מְנוּחָ֑יְכִי ψ 116:7 (Ges^{§ 91 l});—

1. resting-place לְכַף רֶגֶל Gn 8:9 (J), cf. Dt 28:65 La 1:3; Is 34:14 (cf. also מְנֻחָה Gn 49:15).

2. rest, repose of soul ψ 116:7 (pl. abstr. vel intens.); condition of rest and security attained by marriage Ru 3:1.

3. with force of inf. (cf. Aramaic inf. c. מ pref.) מִמְּנוֹחַ הָאָרוֹן 1 Ch 6:16 from the coming to rest of the ark.

II. מָנוֹחַ₁₈ n.pr.m. father of Samson Ju 13:2, 8 + 15 times Ju 13, 16:31, 𝔊 Μανωε.

† מְנוּחָה, מְנֻחָה n.f. resting-place, rest;—abs. מ׳ Mi 2:10 +, מְנֻחָה Gn 49:15 (but v. infr.), 2 S 14:17; sf. מְנוּחָתִי ψ 95:11 + 2 times, מְנוּחָתֶ֑ךָ ψ 132:8 = 2 Ch 6:41 (where read as in ψ, for anom. לְנוּחֶ֑ךָ MT), מְנֻחָתוֹ Is 11:10 Zc 9:1; pl. מְנוּחֹת Is 32:18, מְנֻחוֹת ψ 23:2;—

1. resting-place Mi 2:10 Nu 10:33 (JE), Dt 12:9 (+ הַנַּחֲלָה) so ψ 95:11 (י׳’s resting-pl.), cf. 132:8 = 2 Ch 6:41 (v. supr.), ψ 132:14 Is 66:1 (‖ בַּיִת אֲשֶׁר תִּבְנוּ לִי), cf. בֵּית מ׳ לַאֲרוֹן וגו׳ 1 Ch 28:2; also Is 11:10; prob. also Gn 49:15 (‖ הָאָרֶץ; טוֹב here is appar. subst., Sam. reads adj. טוֹבָה; but read perhaps מְנֻחֹה, his resting-place, from מָנוֹחַ, Ball^{Hpt Holz after 𝔖}); מְנוּחֹת שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Is 32:18 (+ נְוֵה שָׁלוֹם, מִשְׁכְּנוֹת מִבְטַחִים); of י׳’s word Zc 9:1; resting- place on journey, in שַׂר מ׳ Je 51:59 (Ew Gf Gie al.); fig. for security, assurance 2 S 14:17 (taken from resting, equilibrium, of scale according to Klo).

2. rest, quietness, pl. מֵי מְנֻחוֹת ψ 23:2; = refreshment Is 28:12 (‖ מַרְגֵּעָה); rest (from enemies) = peace 1 K 8:56 (cf. 5:18), אִישׁ מ׳ 1 Ch 22:9 a man of peace (cf. הֵנִיחַ v b); = relief from sorrow Je 45:3; condition of rest and security attained by marriage Ru 1:9 (= מָנוֹחַ 3:1).—מ׳ Ju 20:43 is perhaps n.pr., cf. GFM.

מְנֻחוֹת n.pr. v. מָנַחְתִּי infr.

† I. [מָנַ֫חַת] n.pr.loc. ( = resting-place, settlement), מָנָ֑חַת 1 Ch 8:6, site unknown, 𝔊 Μαχαναθει, 𝔊L Μανουαθ.

† מָנַחְתִּי adj.gent. perhaps from foregoing, only c. art. as n. coll. חֲצִי הַמּ׳ 1 Ch 2:54 of a Judaean tribe (𝔊 Μαλαθει, A 𝔊L Μαναθ(ι)); so read also prob. for חֲצִי הַמְּנֻחוֹת v 52 (𝔊 Μωναιω, A Αμμανιθ).

† II. מָנַ֫חַת n.pr.m. in Edom Gn 36:23 = 1 Ch 1:40; 𝔊 Μαν(ν)αχαθ, Μανααθ.

† [נוּט] vb. dangle, shake (𝔗 [נוט] Aph. scare, sld., Levy ^{ChWB ii. 97} Jastr ^{Dict. 896}; Arabic نَوْطٌ a bag hanging down, نَاطَ suspend, hang);—

Qal Impf. 3 fs. תָּנוּט ψ 99:1 let (the earth) shake (‖ רָגַז).—Ol We proposes תָּמוּג.

נוית v. sub i. נוה.

† נוּם vb. be drowsy, slumber (NH נוּם, נִמְנֵם id.; Aramaic נוּם, ܢܳܡ; Arabic ((نوم) نَامَ) id.; Ethiopic ኖመ );—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. נָמ֫וּ Na 3:18 ψ 76:6 (Ges^{§ 72 l}); Impf. יָנוּם ψ 121:3 + 2 times; 3 fs. וַתָּ֫נָם 2 S 4:6 (so read for ℌ וַיַּכֻּהו, with other radical changes, 𝔊 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS); Inf. cstr. לָנוּם Is 56:10.—be drowsy, slumber, lit. וַתָּנָם וַתִּישָׁ֑ן 2 S 4:6 (emend., v. supr.) and she grew drowsy and slept; fig. of inactivity, indolence, Is 5:27 (‖ ישׁן), ψ 121:3, 4 (of י׳; ‖ id.); Na 3:18 (‖ שָׁכֵן); אֹהֲבֵי לָנ׳ Is 56:10 (‖ שָׁכַב); sq. acc. cogn. שֵׁנָה ψ 76:6 (of death, ‖ נִרְדַּם).

† נוּמָה n.f. somnolence, fig. for indolence, Pr 23:21.

† תְּנוּמָה n.f. slumber;—abs. ψ 132:4 Pr 6:4; pl. תְּנוּמוֹת Pr 6:10 + 2 times;—slumber as time of visions Jb 33:15 (‖ תַּרְדֵּמָה); of indolent slumber ψ 132:4 (‖ שְׁנָת) Pr 6:4 (‖ שׁנה) in both c. נָתַן, sq. acc. + לְ; 6:10; 24:33 (both ‖ שׁנות, שׁכב).

† יָנוּם n.pr.loc. city in Judah, Jos 15:53 Qr; Kt ינים (so Van d. H. Ginsb; Baer only יָנוּם); 𝔊 Ιεμαειν, A 𝔊L Ιανουμ.

† [נוּן, נִין] vb. propagate, increase (si vera l.) (> denom. from נין Hup-Now SS;—NH נוּן = fish, so Aramaic נוּנָא, ܢܽܘܢܳܐ, Assyrian nûnu);—

Qal (or Hiph.?) Impf. ינין Kt; >

Niph. ינּוֹן Qr ψ 72:17 let his name have increase (or, if Niph., be propagated, spread); but dub., Vrss perhaps יִכּוֹן be established, endure.

† נוּן and (1 Ch 7:27) נוֹן n.pr.m. father of Joshua 1 Ch 7:27; elsewhere always בִּן־נוּן(יְהוֹשֻׁעַ) Ex 33:11 Nu 11:28; 13:8, 16 + 22 times Nu Dt Jos (JEDP); also Ju 2:8 1 K 16:34 Ne 8:17; 𝔊 Ναυη (for Ναυν by error, cf. Thes).

† נִין n.[m.] offspring, posterity;—abs. Jb 18:19 Is 14:22; sf. נִינִי Gn 21:23 (all ‖ נֶכֶד).

מָנוֹן v. p. 584 supr.

נוּס₁₆₀ vb. flee, escape (Syriac ܢܳܣ tremble (rare), cf. Brock; Arabic نوس, نَاسَ move to and fro, be in commotion, dangle, Lane ²⁸⁶⁶);—

Qal Pf. נָס Nu 35:25 +; נַ֫סְתָּה 2 K 9:3; נַ֫סְתִּי 1 S 4:16, etc.; Impf. יָנוּס Ex 21:13 +; וַיָּנָ֫ס Gn 39:12 +; יְנוּס֑וּן ψ 104:7, etc.; Imv. mpl. נֻ֫סוּ Je 48:6 + 4 times Je Zc; Inf. abs. נוֹס 2 S 18:3; cstr. לָנוּס (לָנֻס) Gn 19:20 +; Pt. נָס Am 9:1 +; נָסִים Ex 14:27 +; — 1. flee, abs. Gn 39:12, 15 Nu 16:34 (all J); Jos 10:16 (JE); Lv 26:17, 36 (H); fig. of sea ψ 114:3, 5 cf. 104:7; sq. acc. cogn. מָנוֹס Je 46:5, sq. דֶּרֶךְ Jos 8:15 (J), 2 K 9:27; sq. בְּדֶרֶךְ Dt 28:7, 25; נ׳ אֶל־נַפְשָׁם 2 K 7:7 flee for their life, נ׳ בְּרַגְלָיו Ju 4:15 flee on foot; + 44 times abs. (not elsewhere Hex); sq. אֶל־ loc. Dt 4:42; 19:5, 11 (D), Nu 35:32 Jos 20:4 (both P), Ju 4:17 1 K 2:28, 29 Is 13:14; sq. לְ 1 S 4:10 + 6 times + לִקְרָאתוֹ Ex 14:27 (E; not elsewhere Hex); sq. עַד Ju 7:22 + Pr 28:17 (עַד־בּוֹר, v. בּוֹר); sq. עַל־ Is 10:3; sq. ָה loc. Gn 14:10 + 4 times JE, Nu 35:6 + 6 times P, Dt 4:42; 19:3, 4 (D), + 6 times; sq. שָׁם Is 20:6; sq. acc. loc. Jos 8:20 (J), + 4 times; sq. מִמֶּרְחָק Is 17:13 = far away; sq. מִן from, Jos 20:6 (P), 1 S 4:16 + 3 times; מִתּוֹךְ Je 51:6; especially מִפְּנֵי from before Ex 4:3; 14:25 Nu 10:35 Jos 10:11 (all JE), 1 S 17:24 Je 48:44 (Qr הַנָּס, > Kt הניס), + 19 times; sq. לִפְנֵי Jos 7:4; 8:5, 6^(×2) (all J), 1 S 4:17 2 S 24:13, מִלִּפְנֵי 1 Ch 19:18. 2. escape Am 9:1 (‖ נמלט) so Je 46:6; hence 3. take flight, depart, disappear, only fig.; Dt 34:7 (JE) his freshness (לֵחֹה vigour) was not gone (‖ לֹא כָֽהֲתָה עינו); of shadows (at evening), Ct 2:17; 4:6; of sorrow etc. Is 35:10; 51:11. 4. נ׳ עַל־סוּס Is 30:16 fly (to the attack) on horseback.

†Poʿlel Pf. Is 59:19 רוּחַ י׳ נֹסֲסָה בּוֹ the breath of י׳ driveth at it, driveth it on (cf. Hiph. 2). †Hithpoʿl. Inf. cstr. לְהִתְנוֹסֵס מִפְּנֵי ψ 60:6 in order to take flight before the bow (so Vrss Hup-Now but v. ii. [נסס]).

†Hiph. Pf. הֵנִיס Ex 9:20; Impf. יָנִיסוּ Dt 32:30 + Ju 7:21 Kt (Qr וַיָּנוּסוּ Qal); Inf. cstr. לְהָנִיס Ju 6:11;— 1. put to flight, sq. acc. Dt 32:30 (‖ רדף). 2. drive hastily to a safe place Ex 9:20, sq. acc. + אֶל־. 3. cause to disappear, hide Ju 6:11 (no obj. expr.) sq. מִפְּנֵי.

† מָנוֹס n.m. Am 2:14 1. flight. 2. place of escape, refuge;—abs. מ׳ Am 2:14 + 5 times; sf. מְנוּסִי 2 S 22:3 Je 16:19;—

1. flight, acc. cogn. c. נוּס Je 46:5.

2. (place of) escape; אָבַד מ׳ מִן escape perished from, = there was no escape for, Am 2:14 Je 25:35 Jb 11:20 ψ 142:5; of י׳ as a refuge 2 S 22:3 (‖ משׂגב; מנוס וגו׳ not ‖ ψ 18:3; text disputed, Kit Bu retain in Sm, Klo Bae Löhr Du ins. in ψ; < del. in Sm De Hup-Now HPS cf. Che), ψ 59:17 (‖ id.); Je 16:19 (‖ עז, מעוז).

† מְנוּסָה n.f. flight—מ׳ Is 52:12 (‖ חִפָּזוֹן); מְנֻסַת־חֶרֶב Lv 26:36 = flight from sword, acc. cogn. c. נוס.

† נוּעַ vb. quiver, wave, waver, tremble, totter (NH Pilp. נִעְנַע shake, Aramaic נוּעַ waver, stagger (rare); Arabic نوع, نَاعَ bend (of boughs), v. commotus fuit (of id.), so Kam. Frey also change, نَوْعٌ kind, species, variety; Di cp. Ethiopic ነዐወ hunt);—

Qal Pf. נָ֫עוּ Jb 28:4 +; וְנָע֫וּ Am 4:8 + 2 times; Impf. וַיָּ֫נַע Is 7:2; 3 fs. תָּנוּעַ Is 24:20; אֲנוּעֲךָ 2 S 15:20 Kt (but read Qr Hiph. q.v.); יָנ֫וּעוּ ψ 109:10; יְנוּע֑וּן ψ 59:16 Kt (so read; not Qr Hiph.), etc.; Inf. abs. נוֹעַ Is 24:20 ψ 109:10; cstr. נוּעַ Ju 9:9 + 3 times; נוֹעַ Is 7:2; Pt. נָע Gn 4:12, 14; נָעִים Pr 22:19; נָעוֹת 1 S 1:13:— 1. wave, of trees, sq. עַל Ju 9:9, 11, 13; sq. מִפְּנֵי of cause Is 7:2; quiver, vibrate, of lips 1 S 1:13; swing (to and fro) of miners Jb 28:4 (‖ דלל); stagger like drunkard, of mariners in storm ψ 107:27 (‖ חגג), cf. Is 29:9 (‖ שׁכר); hence be unstable, fig. of ways of harlot Pr 5:6; tremble, of doorposts, Is 6:4 (sq. מִן caus.), idols 19:1 (sq. מִפְּנֵי), earth Is 24:20 (‖ התנודד), people Ex 20:18 (E); fig. of heart Is 7:2. 2. totter, go tottering (faint and uncertain) La 4:14 v 15 (‖ נוּץ), Am 8:12 (‖ שׁוטט); as beggars ψ 109:10 (‖ שִׁאֵל), cf. 59:16; Am 4:8 sq. אֶל־; pt. vagabond Gn 4:12, 14 (both ‖ נָד); fig. = err, sin, Je 14:10.