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609

נ, ן, Nûn, fourteenth letter; used as numeral 50 in post B. Heb.

I. נָא part. of entreaty or exhortation I (we) pray, now (enclitic) (Syr. ܢܺܐ, ܢܺܝ; cf. Eth. n0i: veni, age! Di:§ 160. 1 Lex:675 Kö:ii. 244);—attached:

1. to the impv., esp. in colloquial style, when it expresses an entreaty or admonition, as Gn 12:13 אִמְרִי־נָא say, I pray, 13:9 נָא מֵעָלַי הִפָּרֶד־, v:14 שָׂא־נָא עֵינֶיְ, 15:5 הַבֶּט־נָא השׁמימה, 24:2 + oft., Nu 20:10 שׁמעו־נא המוֹרים, Ju 13:4, 16:6, 16:10, 16:28, 18:5, etc., Is 1:18, 5:3, Am 7:2, 7:5; rarely in a command, Gn 22:2, Is 7:3). Ironically, in a challenge, Is 47:12, Jb 40:10. Once anomalously attached to a subst., or (accents) prefixed to a verb, Nu 12:13 אֵ֕ל נָאֶ רְפָ֥א נָא֖ (Ew: § 246 a Di אַל־נָא; v. 3 b).

2. to the pf. with waw consec., in a precative sense (Dr:§ 119 δ) Gn 40:14.

3. to the impf., when leave is asked, or a prayer or desire expressed; a. in 1 pers., esp. with ה cohort., Gn 19:8 אוחיאה־נא let me, I pray, bring out, v:20 אִמָּֽלְטָה־נָּא שָָׁמָּה, 24:12 הַקְרֵה־נָא לְפָנַי v:14 הַטִּי־נָא v:17, v:23, v:43, v:45, 25:30, 32:12, 32:30 + oft., Ex 3:18 נלכה־נא let us go, I pray, Nu 20:17, Is 5:5; and in self-deliberation, Gn 18:21 ארדה־נּא I will go down, now ! Ex 3:3 אסורה־נּא ואראה I will turn aside, now, and see, 2 S 14:15, Ct 3:2, Is 5:1; with אַל Job 32:21. b. in 2 pers., with אַל, in deprecation, Gn 18:3 אל־נא תעבר מעל עבדך, 19:7, 47:29, Nu 10:31, etc.; hence ellipt. אל־נא do not, I pray, (do this,) Gn 19:18, 33:10, Nu 12:13 Ew Di. c. in 3 pers., Gn 18:4 יֻקַּח־נָא let there be brought, I pray, 26:28, 33:14, 44:18, 44:33, etc., 2 S 14:11, 14:12, 14:17, 1 K 17:21, 2 K 2:9, Ps 7:10, 118:2, 118:3; ironically Is 19:12, 47:13, or defiantly Jer 17:15 where is the word of J.? יָבוֹא נָא; with אַל, Gn 13:8 אַל־נָא תְהִי מְרִיבָה, 18:30 אַל־נָא יִחַר לַאדֹנָי, 37:27, Nu 12:12.

4. joined to conjunctions and interjections: a. [אָהּ־נָא, contr.] אָ֫נָּא; v. p. 58. b. אַל־נָא see above 3 b, c. c. אִם־נָא, esp. in the phrase אם נא מחאתי חן בעיניך, used by one craving a favourable hearing † Gn 30:27, 33:10, Ju 6:17, 1 S 27:5, and with נא repeated in the request itself †Gn 18:3 47:29 50:4, Ex 33:13, 34:9; otherwise Gn 24:42. d. הִנֵּה־נָא behold, I pray, craving a favourable consideration of the fact pointed to by הִנֵּה, and of the request founded upon it (with which נא is often repeated), Gn 12:11, 16:2, 18:27, 18:31, 19:2, 19:8, 19:19, 19:20, 27:2, Ju 13:3, 19:9, 1 S 9:6, 16:15, 2 S 13:24, 2 K 2:16, 2:19, 4:9 +, Job 13:18, 33:2, 40:15, 40:16. e. (לנו) אוֹי־נָא לי Woe, now, to me (us) ! † Je 4:31, 45:7, La 5:16. f. אַיֵּה־נָא where, pray ?Ps 115:2. g. נֶגְדָּה־נָּא, peculiarly, † Ps 116:14, 116:18 my vows to J. I will perform, נגדה־נא לכל־עמו O that (it may be) before all his people !

II. נָא adj. v. ניא. p. 644

נאֹ n. pr. loc No = Thebes (Eg. nt, city, i.e. prob. nē(t), v. Steind:BAS i. 596 f.; As. Ni-Õ’u, Ni-iÕ’ Dl:Par 318 Steind:l. c. Schr:COT gloss.; Tel Am. Nî (Ni-i) Wkl:Tel Am. 39 * Bez:Tel Am. in BM 153);—הִנְנִי פוֹקֵד אֶל־אָמוֹן מִנּאֹ Je 46:25 Amon from (of, LXX ἐν = בְּ) No; נאֹ אָמוֹן Na 3:8 No of Amon (= city of god Ammon, = LXX Διόσολις Ez 30:14, 30:16 Steind:l. c.; v. also Jerem. and Billerbeck:BAS iii.104 f.); Ez 30:14 (‖פַּתְרוֹס, חֹ֫עַן), וְהִכְרַתִּי אֶת־הֲמוֹן נאֹ v:15 (‖סִין; but LXX Co Berthol נֹף q. v. for נֹא) v:16 (‖סִין, Co סון). It lay on the right bank of the Nile, c. 400 miles (by the river) S. of Memphis.

נאֹד (Ju 4:19 Kt נאוד, i.e. prob. נְאוֹד, n. m.:Jos 9:4 skin-bottle, skin (√ unknown; NH נוֹד; As. nâdu, Dl:HWB 438; Aram. נוֹדָא);—נ׳ abs. Ps 119:83; cstr. Ju 4:19, 1 S 16:20; sf. נאֹדְֶָ Ps 56:9; pl. נאֹדוֹת Jos 9:4, 9:13; —skin, יַיִן נ׳ Jos 9:4, 9:13, 1 S 16:20; הֶחָלָב נ׳ Ju 4:19; for tears Ps 56:9 (fig.; v. Che); בְּקִיטוֹר נ׳ i.e. shrivelled and useless Ps 119:83 (in sim.; cf. [De] Che Schu De Witt We > as thrust aside, out of the way Now (in Hup), cf. De, or as black and wrinkled outwardly, while retaining the choice wine within Bae, after Rosenm. Hup).—Vid. Winer:RWB. Art. Schlauch Kmp:Ri HWB id.

610

† [נָאָה] vb. only Piï‘lel be comely, befitting (Thes Ol:§ 251 a, 187 a Sta:§ 416 b Ges:§. 2. R. 4 SS Bae:Ps 33:1 > AE Ki Hartm:Plurilit.-bildungen (1875) 13 ff. Nö:ZMG xxx. 1876, 185 Now Hup:Ps 31:1, 93:5 Buhl Niph.I. אוה desire, i.e. desirable, beautiful; NH נאה Pi. Hithp.; Targum נוֹאִי beauty);—Piïlel Pf. נַאֲוָה Ps 93:5 (so van d. H Ginsb; Mass Baer De:ad loc. נָֽאֲוָה = נָאוָה v. נָאוֶה adj., but v. Sta:§ 155. b. n); נָאווּ Is 52:7, Ct 1:10 (on form cf. Ges:l. c.);—

1. be comely; of feet of messenger, (fig.) Is 52:7; of cheeks Ct 1:10.

2. be befitting: ־קֹדֶשׁלְבֵיתְְ נ׳ Ps 93:5.

נָאוֶה adj. comely, seemly;—נ׳ m. Ct 2:14 + 3 t.; f. נָאוָה Ps 33:1 + 4 t., נָוָה Je 6:2; —

1. comely, beautiful, of woman Ct 1:5, 6:4 (‖יָפָה) of face 2:14 (מַרְאֶה) so נָוָה Je 6:2 (fig. of Jerus.; ‖מְעֻנָּגָה); of mouth Ct 4:3 (‖שְׂפָתוֹת).

2. seemly, of praise תְּהִלָּה Ps 33:1, 147:1; subj. שְׂפַת־יֶתֶר Pr 17:7 (cf. Ct 4:3); תַּעֲנוּג 19:10; כָּבוֹד 26:1. So also Ps 93:5 Mass. (anom. fem.) v. [נאה] supr.

נְאוֹת v. II. [נָוָה] sub II. נוה. p. 627

נאם √ of foll.; cf. نَأَمَ groan, sigh; perhaps also NH נוּם speak).

נְאֻם:376 n. m. utterance (Ba:NB 82 e Kö:Lgb ii. 501 > older expl. as Pt. pass.);—נ׳ always thus, as cstr.:—

1. utterance, declaration, revelation, of prophet in ecstatic state בלעם נ׳ Nu 24:3, 24:15; שֹׁמֵעַ אִמְרֵי אֵל נ׳ v:4; v:6; הַגֶּבֶר נ׳ v:3, v:15, 2 S 23:1, Pr 30:1; דוד נ׳ 2 S 23:1; פֶּשַׁע נ׳ Ps 36:2 (transgression personified, speaking with proph. voice בְּקֶרֶב לִבּוֹ); elsewh. alw.

2. before divine names (exc. Je 23:31 see vb.): יהוה נ׳ utterance, declaration of י׳ (prophet citing divine word given through him), Gn 22:16 (J), Nu 14:28 (P), 2 K 9:26, 9:26, 19:33 = Is 37:34, 2 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 34:27, Is 14:22, 30:1, 31:9, Ez 13:6, 13:7, 16:58, 37:14, Ho 2:15, 2:18, 2:23, 11:11, Jo 2:12, Ob:4, Ob:8, Mi 4:6, 5:9, Zp 1:2, 1:3, 1:10, 3:8, Zc 8:17, 10:12, 11:6, 12:1, 12:4, 13:8, Mal 1:2 + Is:2 12 t., Je 162 t., Am 14 t., Hg 5 t., Zc:1 (18) 6 t.; sq. אלהי ישׂראל 1 S 2:30, Is 17:6; אֱלֽהֵי י׳ חְבָאוֹת(הַ) Am 6:8, 6:14; חְבָאוֹת י׳ נ׳ Is 14:22, 14:23, 17:3, 22:25, Je 8:3, 25:29, 30:8, 49:26, Na 2:14, 3:5, Zc 13:2, 13:7 + Hg 5 t., Zc:1 (18) 7 t.; sq. אלהי ישׂראל Zp 2:9; ח׳ האדון י׳ Is 1:24, 19:4; אֶלֽהֵי הַצּ׳ אֲדֹנָי י׳ Am 3:13; ח׳ אדני י׳ Is 3:15, Je 49:5; ח׳ הַמֶּלֶח י׳ 46:18, 48:15, not found57:57; אדני יהוה נ׳ Is 56:8, Je 2:22, Am 4:5, 8:3, 8:9, 8:11 + Ez 82 t. נְאֻם begins sentence only Is 56:8, Ps 110:1; often in middle Is 49:18 Am 3:10 +; most frequently at end Is 54:17, Am 2:11, 4:3 +; found in all proph. except Hab., Jon.; not in HD of Hex., Chr. (except ‖ Kings), Dan., Job or the five Megilloth.

† [נָאַם] vb. denom. utter a prophecy, speak as prophet;—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּנְאֲמוּ נְאֻם Je 23:31 and they uttered (in the prophetic manner), it as an utterance (of י׳); they used the prophetic formula (cf. אֹמְרִים נְאֻם י׳ Ez 13:6, 13:7).

† [נָאַף] vb. commit adultery (NH id.; Aram. נְאַף (rare)):—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִנְאַף Lv 20:10, 20:10; 3 mpl. וַיִּנְאָָפוּ Je 5:7 + 3 t. Impf.; Inf. abs. נָאוֹף 23:14; נָאֹף Ho 4:2, Je 7:9; Pt. נֹאֵף Pr 6:32, Jb 24:15; fs. נֹאָָפֶת Lv 20:10; fpl. נֹאֲפוֹת Ez 16:38 + 2 t.;—

1. lit. commit adultery: a. usu. of man, always with wife of another; c. acc. woman, Lv 20:10, 20:10 (H), Pr 6:32; elsewh. abs. Ex 20:14 = Dt 5:17 (Ten Words), Je 5:7, 7:9, 23:14, Ho 4:2; pt. m. Lv 20:10 (H), Jb 24:15. b. of women, only pt. Lv 20:10 (H), Ez 16:38, 23:45, 23:45.

2. fig. of idolatrous worship, את האבן ואת העץ Je 3:9. Pie1 Pf. 3 fs. נִאֲפָה Je 3:8; 3 mpl. נִאֵָפוּ Ez 23:37, 23:37; Impf. 3 mpl. יְנַאֲפוּ Je 29:23; 3 fpl. תְּנָאַפְנָה Ho 4:13, 4:14; Pt. מְנָאֵף Is 57:3; pl. מְנָאֲפִים Je 9:1 + 4 t.; f. מְנָאָָפֶת Pr 30:20 + 2 t.;—1. lit. commit adultery: a. of man, c. acc. woman, Je 29:23; abs. Ez 23:37; pt pl. Je 9:2, 23:10, Ho 7:4, Mal 3:5, Ps 50:18. b. of woman, abs. Ho 4:13, 4:14; pt. 3:1 Pr 30:20; pl. Ez 16:32. 2. fig. of idolatrous worship, אֶת־גִּלּוּלֵיהֶם Ez 23:37; abs. Je 3:8, זֶאֶרַע מְנָאֵף Is 57:3.

† [נִאֻף] n. [m.] adultery;—only pl. נִאֻפִים Ez 23:43 (but LXX SyrVer Co נִאֲפוּ, cf. Berthol); sf. נִאֻפַ֫יִח Je 13:27 (Kö:i. 151); fig. of idolatrous worship.

† [נַאֲפוּף] n.[m.] adultery;—only pl. sf. נַאֲפוּפֶיהָ Ho 2:4 ( Ba:NB 216), of idolatrous worship of Baal.

נָאַץ vb. contemn, spurn (NH id., Pi.; Targum נִיאוּחָא reviling);—Qal Pf. נ׳ Pr 5:12; 3 pl. נָֽאֲחוּ Pr 1:30; נָאָָחוּ Ps 107:11; Impf. יִנְאַץ Pr 15:5; יִנְאָחָוּן Je 33:24, etc.;—contemn, subj. wicked and foolish, obj. תּוֹכַחַת Pr 1:30, 5:12; obj. מוּסָד Pr 15:5; עֵחָה Ps 107:11; Je 33:24 (obj. עַם י׳; cf. Gie); subj. י׳ Dt 32:19, Je 14:21, La 2:6. Pi. Pf. נִאֵץ Ps 10:3, 10:13; נִאַ֫חְתָּ 2 S 12:14, etc.; Impf. יְנָאֵץ Ps 74:10; sf. יְנַאֲחֻנִי Nu 14:11; Inf. abs. נִאֵץ (Sta: § 221) 2 S 12:14; Pt. sf. מְנָֽאֲחַי Nu 14:23; מְנַאֲחַי Je 23:17; מְנַאֲחָָיִח Is 60:14; —contemn, spurn, subj. men, obj. י׳, etc.: Nu 14:11, 14:23, 16:30 (all J), Dt 31:20, 1:4 Ps 10:3, 10:13, Je 23:17; obj. שֵׁם י׳ Ps 74:10, 74:18; אִמְרַת י׳ Is 5:24; מִנְחַת י׳ 1 S 2:17; once obj. Jerus. Is 60:14; cause to contemn (blaspheme AV RV) 2 S 12:14, 12:14 (but אֹיְבֵי prob. interp.; v. Comm). Hiph. Impf. יָנֵ֯אץ v. נחץ Hithpo(el Pt. כל־היום שְׁמִי מִנֹּאָץ Is 52:5 every day is my name contemned.

611

נְאָחָה n. f. contempt, contumely;—יוֹם חָרָה וְתוֹכֵחָה וּנ׳ 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3.

† [נֶאָחָה n. f. contempt (toward י׳), blasphemy;—pl. נֶאָחוֹת Ne 9:18, 9:26 c. עָשָׂה of Isr.; נָאָחוֹתֶיְ Ez 35:12 of Mt. Seir, spoken against הרי ישׂראל.

נָאַק vb. groan (Aram. נְאַק (rare));—Qal Pf. וְנָאַק consec. Ez 30:24 c. acc. cogn. fig. of Pharaoh before king of Babylon (emend. Co v. נַאֲקָה Impf. Jb 24:12 יִנְאָָקוּ.

נְאָקָה n. f. groan, groaning;—cstr. נַאֲקַת Ex 6:5; sf. נַאֲקָתָם Ex 2:24, Ju 2:18; pl. cstr. נַאֲקוֹת Ez 30:24; —groaning of oppressed people Ex 2:24, 6:5, Ju 2:18; of a wounded man Ez 30:24; (LXX Co וּבָזַז בִּזָּה for MT וְנָאַק נַאֲקוֹת but cf. Berthol).

[נָאַר] vb. only Pi. exact mng. uncertain; prob. (from context) abhor, spurn (De comp. Ar. نار abhor, but this is med. و);—Pi. Pf. subj. י׳, נִאֵר La 2:7 (obj. מִקְדָּשׁוֹ; ‖זָנַת); 2 ms. נֵאַרְתָּה Ps 89:40 (obj. בְּרית עַבְדְְּ; ‖חִלֵּל, and זָנַח, מָאַס v:39; doubts cast on text by Hup (reading נאץ), Now, Bu:La 2:1).

נֹב n. pr. loc.1. ancient priestly city 1 S 22:19 cf. v:11 c. ה loc. נֹ֫בֶה (Ges:§ 90:2 ad fin.), 21:2, 22:9; LXX Νομβα, Νομμα, Νοβα, etc.; perh. = נְבוֹ (q. v.) Ezr 2:29 = Ne 7:33, Ezr 10:43, LXX Ναβσυ, Ναβια, etc. Site dub.; on Jerome's identif. with Nobe near Lydda cf. Buhl:Geogr. 189; a Bēt Nūbā lies c. 13 m. WNW. fr. Jerus., c. 10 SE. fr. Lydda. 2. Is 10:32 just N. of Jerus., station in (ideal) Assyr. march; cf. Ne 11:32 (inhab. by Benjamites); perhaps =

1.2 S 21:6 read גֹּב (q. v. p.146 supr.)

נבא (√ of foll.; Ew Fl De Kö:Lgb ii, 1, 133 al. camp. Ar. نَبَأَ [نَبَأَ utter a low voice, or sound, (esp. of dog); announce; but also be exalted, elevated نَبْأَةُ eminence); III, IV. acquaint, inform, نَبَأَ information announcement, intelligence]; As. nabû, call, proclaim, name, Dl:HWB 441; Eth. nababa: speak; Sab. תנבא ? cf. Levy-Os:ZMG xix. 1865, 208 CIS:iv. 1, No. 31; Ges Kue al. think weakened form of נבע bubble up, pour forth (of flow of words under excitement of inspiration); Hup Ri Sch cf. נאם; v. careful discussions by RS:Proph. ii, n. 18 Kö:OB i. 71 ff.)

נָבִיא:306 n. m. spokesman, speaker, prophet—נ׳ Gn 20:7 + 155 t.; sf. נְבִיאְֶָ Ex 7:1; pl. נְבִיאִים Nu 11:29 + 82 t.; נְנִאִים Je 27:18 + 16 t.; sf. נְבִיאַי Ps 105:15; נְבִיָאו 1 K 22:22; נְבִיאָו֯ 2 K 17:13, etc.;—

1. genuine prophet of י׳, נביא, anciently called רֹאֶה, 1 S 9:9 (antiquarian note); change prob. occurred in times of Elijah and is first reflected in Ephr. lit. as applied to Abraham Gn 20:7; Moses Dt 34:10, M. and other early proph. Ho 6:5, 12:11, 12:11, 12:14, 12:14, Am 2:11, 2:12; of proph. in ecstatic state Nu 12:6 (E), 11:24 (JE). So in Judaic lit., of prophet like Moses Dt 18:15, 18:18 (D), of Aaron (as mouthpiece of M.) Ex 7:1 (P), of Sam. 1 S 3:20, an unknown Ju 6:8; in time of Sam. proph. were organized in bands: † חֶבֶל נביאים 1 S 10:5, 10:10; † להקת הנ׳ 1 S 19:20; and in time of Elijah were † בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים = members of prophets&atO;’ guilds 1 K 20:35, 2 K 2:3, 2:5, 2:7, 2:15, 4:1, 4:38, 4:38; נָבִיא of genuine proph. (besides phrases), in Judaic prophets, only of Jer., Je 1:5; Ezekiel, Ez 2:5 = 33:33; of ancient prophets Je 28:8, 28:9, 28:9, 28:9, Zc 1:6, 8:9; esp. † הנביאים הראשׁנים Zc 1:4, 7:7, 7:12, cf. † הנביאים (ו)עבדי my (his) servants the prophets 2 K 9:7, 17:13, 17:23, 21:10, 24:2 (all R:D) Ezr 9:11, Je 7:25, 25:4, 26:5, 29:19, 35:15, 44:4, Am 3:7, Zc 1:6, cf. Ez 38:17, Dn 9:6; † עבדוֹ הַנּ׳ his servant the prophet 1 K 14:18, 2 K 14:25; הַנָּבִיא with n. pr.: Jer., 2 Ch 36:12, Dn 9:2 + 31 t. Je (but LXX only 4 t., the rest prob. redactional, see Gie:Jer. xxvii); Elijah 1 K 18:36 (om LXX), 2 Ch 21:12, Mal 3:23; Nathan 2 S 7:2 + 10 t. S. and K.; 4 t. Chr. Ps 51:2 (title); Isaiah, 2 K 19:2, 20:1, 20:14 = Is 37:2, 38:1, 39:1; 2 K 20:11, 2 Ch 26:22, 32:20, 32:32; Habakkuk Hb 1:1, 3:1 (titles); Haggai, Hg 1:1, 1:3, 1:12, 2:1, 2:10; Zech., Zc 1:1, 1:7 (titles); elsewh. several others in S., K. and Chr. 15 t.; נביא is used elsewh. of genuine proph. only 1 S 9:9 + 34 t. S. and K.; 1 Ch 16:22 = Ps 105:15, + 13 t. Chr.; Ps 74:9 complains of absence of נ׳; לַחְתֹּם חָזוֹן וְנָבִיא Dn 9:24 v. חתם

2. false prophets: † prophets as official class, beside priests, charact. as false prophets: Is 28:7, Je 2:26, 4:9, 6:13, 8:1, 8:10, 13:13, 14:18, 18:18, 23:11, 23:33, 23:34, 26:7, 26:8, 26:11, 26:16, 32:32, Zc 7:3, app. also 2 K 23:2, Ne 9:32, La 2:20, Je 29:1, Ez 7:26 (in these not characterized); alw. false (exc. of ancient and special prophets given above) in Am 7:14, Ho 4:5, 9:7, 9:8, Mi 3:5, 3:6, 3:11, Is 3:2, 9:14, 29:10, Je 2:8, 2:30, 5:13, 5:31, 14:13, 14:14, 14:15, 14:15, 23:9 + 16 t. 27:9, 27:14, 27:15, 27:16, 27:18, 29:8, 29:15, 37:19, Ez 13:2, 13:2, 13:3, 13:4, 13:9, 13:16, 14:4, 14:7, 14:9, 14:9, 14:10, 22:25, 22:28, Zp 3:4, La 2:9, 2:14, 4:13; especially discredited Dt 13:2, 13:4, 13:6, 18:20, 18:20, 18:22, 18:22 Zc 13:2, 13:4, 13:5; such a prophet Hananiah called הַנָּבִיא Je 28:1, 28:5, 28:10, 28:12, 28:15, 28:17 ( LXX omits in all but v:1, where ψευδοπροφήτης). Usage of prophets themselves gives such a bad flavour to נביא, that we are not surprised that it is absent from exilic Isaiah, the Wisd. Lit., and PsalmPsalm (except for special reasons in 3 PsalmPsalm given under 1). †

3. heathen prophets 1 K 18:20, 19:1, 2 K 3:13, 3:13; נביאי האשׁדה 1 K 18:19; נביאי הבעל 1 K 18:19, 18:22, 18:25, 18:40, 2 K 10:19, 1 K 22:6, 22:10, 22:12, 22:13, 22:22, 22:23 = 2 Ch 18:5, 18:9, 18:11, 18:12, 18:21, 18:22.

612

†[נָבָא] vb. denom. prophesy (in oldest forms, of religious ecstasy with or without song and music; later, essentially religious instruction, with occasional predictions) ;—Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִבֵּא Je 20:1 + 7 t.; 2 ms. נִבֵּאתָ Je 20:6 + 2 t.; נִבֵּיתָ Je 26:9; 1 S. נִבֵּאתִי Ez 37:7; 3 pl. נִבֵּאוּ Je 2:8 + 3 t.; נִבָָּאוּ Je 23:21; Impf. 3 ms. יִנָּבֵא Am 3:8 + 9 t. Impf.; Imv. הִנָּבֵא Am 7:15 + 27 t.; Inf. הִנָּבֵא Am 7:13; sf. הִנָּֽבְאוֹZc 13:3; הִנָּֽבְאֹתוֹ Zc 13:4, + 4 t. Inf.; Pt. נִבָּא Je 26:l8 + 20 t. Pt.;—

1. prophesy under influence of divine spirit: a. in the ecstatic state, with song 1 S 10:11, 19:20 and music 1 Ch 25:1, 25:2, 25:3. b. the word of י׳: abs. Am 2:12, 3:8 (emend. יחרד We Now needless), 7:12, 7:13, Jo 3:l, Je 19:14, 26:18, 28:9, 32:3, Ez 11:13, 12:27, 21:19, 37:7, 38:17, but esp. in phr. הִנָּבֵא וֶאַמַדְתָּ Ez 12:27, 21:14, 21:33, 30:2, 34:2, 36:3, 37:7, 37:12, 38:14, 38:17; c. acc. Je 20:1, 25:30, 28:6; sq. עַל against Am 7:16 Je 25:13 26:20 Ez 4:7 11:4 13:17, 25:2, 28:21, 29:2, 34:2, 35:2, 36:6, 38:2, 39:1; unto Ez 37:4; אֶל unto Am 7:l5, Je 26:11, 26:12, 28:8, Ez 36:1, 37:9; against 6:2, 13:2, 21:2, 21:7; בְּשֵׁם י׳ Je 11:21, 14:15, 23:25, 26:9.

2. of false prophets: abs. Je 23:21, Ez 13:2, Zc 13:3, 13:3, 13:4; c. acc. 1 K 22:12 = 2 Ch 18:11; שֶׁקֶר Je 14:14, 23:25, 27:10, 27:14, 27:16, 29:21; לַשָָּׁקֶר 27:15; בַּשֶּׁקֶר 5:31, 20:6, 29:9; נִבְּאֵי הַשּׁ׳ 23:26, cf. v:32; c. לֵ 14:16, 23:16, 27:15, 27:16, 29:31, 37:19; sq. אֶל concerning Ez 13:16.

3. cf. heathen prophets, בַּבַּעַל Je 2:8. Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. הִתְנַבִּיתָ 1 S 10:6; 1 S. הִנַּבֵּאתִי Ez 37:10; Impf. יִתְנַבֵּא 1 S 10:10 + 7 t.; 3 mpl. יִתְנַבְּאוּ Nu 11:25 + 5 t.; Imv. הִנַּבְּאוּ Je 23:13; Inf. הִתְנַבּוֹת 1 S 10:13; Pt. מִתְנַבֵּא Je 26:20 + 9 t. Pt.;—1. Prophesy under influence of divine spirit: a. in the ecstatic state Nu 11:25, 11:26, 11:27 (J), with music 1 S 10:5, 10:6, 10:10, 10:13, in frenzy 1 S 19:20, 19:21, 19:21, 19:23, 19:24; excited to violence 1 S 18:10 (= מְשֻׁגָּע mad 2 K 9:11); Je 29:26. b. apart from ecstatic state, abs. Ez 37:10, c. לְ 1 K 22:8, Je 29:27; על 1 K 22:18 = 2 Ch 18:17, 2 Ch 18:7, 20:37; בְּשֵׁם י׳ Je 26:20. 2. of heathen prophets of Baa1 in ecstatic state 1 K 18:29; בַּבַּעַל Je 23:13. 3. of false prophets 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9, Je 14:14, Ez 13:17.

נְבוּאָה n. m. prophecy (late: earlier syn. חָזוֹן);—

1. a. specific and genuine 2 Ch 15:8. b. false Ne 6:12.

2. prophetic writing עַל־ נְבוּאַת אֲחִיָּה 2 Ch 9:29.

נְבִיאָה n. m. prophetess;—

1. a. of the ancient type endowed with gift of song, Miriam Ex 15:20; Deborah Ju 4:4. b. of the later type consulted for a word of י׳, Huldah 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22.

2. false prophetess, Noadiah Ne 6:14.

3. wife of Isaiah Is 8:3.

† [נָבַב] vb. hollow out (cf. As. imbubu, flute, Dl:HWB 443, NH אַבּוּב id., Aram. ܐܰܒܽܘܒܳܐ אַבּוּבָא id.; hence also Ar. أَنْبُوبُ knots in reed, part of reed between knots, reed; vid. Hoffm:LCB 1882, 321 Frä:23 Fl in Levy:TW i. 417);—Qal Pt. pass. נָבוּב Jb 11:12, Je 52:21; נְבוּב Ex 27:8, 38:7; —hollowed, hollow: of altar of tabern. נְבוּב לֻחוֹת Ex 27:8, 38:7 (P); of pillar in temple Je 52:21; fig. אִישׁ נָבוּב Jb 11:12, i.e. empty, hollow-minded man.

נֹ֫בֶה v. נֹב. p. 611

† I. נְבוֹ n. pr. loc. (prob. connex., at least for 2 , with (Bab.) god Nebo, Nabû, cf. II. נְבוֹ and Bae:Rel. 15, 89, 259; yet not certain, Nö:ZMG xiii. 1888, 470 comp. Ar. النَبَاوَةُ the height, etc.): LXX Ναβαυ;—

1. a. city in Moab Nu 32:3, 32:38 (where assigned to Reuben; both JE = נבה MI:14) Is 15:2, Je 48:1, 48:22, 1 Ch 5:8; prob. on or near Mt. Nebo (v. infr.), cf. Buhl:Geogr. 266 f. Tristr:Moab 338. b. city in Judah, בְּנֵי נ׳ Ezr 2:29 = אַחֵר אַנְשֵׁי נ׳ Ne 7:34 (the men of the other N., so disting.—si אחר vera l., cf. Ryle—fr. a ? or fr. another נֹב ?), Ezr 10:43; —this נבו in Judah perhaps = נֹב 1 q. v.

2. mt. in Moab, where Moses died Nu 33:47, Dt 32:49 (הַר־נְבוֹ), 34:1 (id.; all P), six miles W. of Heshbon acc. to Onom. (ed. Lag:283). Prob. = mod. Nebâ at NE. corner of Dead Sea, Survey:E. Pal. i. 198 ff. GASm:Geogr. 562 ff. Buhl:Geogr. 266 f. Tristr:Moab 318, 338 Merrill:E. of Jordan, 242 ff.—Cf. פִּסְגָּה.

† II. נְבוֹ n. pr. div. Nebo (loan-wd. in Heb., cf. Ph. N. pr. m. נבו; = As. Nabû, Schr:COT Gloss. And Is 46:1 Jastrow:Rel. Bab. 124 ff. Jen:Kosmol. pass. Tie1e:Ass. u. Bab. Geach. 532 f. Say:Rel. Bab 112 ff. (cf. Palm. n. pr. נבוזבד, ברנבו Vog:Palm. No. 73), and this perh. √ nabû, call, name, v. נבא);—Babylonian god כָּרַע בֵּל קֹרֵם נְבוֹ Is 46:1.

613

נְבּוּזַרְאֲדָן n. pr. m. (= Nabû-zêr-iddin, Nebo hath given seed, Schr:COT 2 K 25:8);—general of Nebuchadrezzar, always entitled רַב־טַבָּחִים 2 K 25:8, 25:11, 25:20 = Je 52:12, 52:15, 52:26; Je 39:9, 39:10, 39:11, 39:13, 40:1, 41:10, 43:6, 52:16, 52:30.

נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר and (incorrectly) נְבוּכַדְּנֶאצַּר (v. also infr.) n. pr. m. Nebuchadrezzar, Nebuchadnezzar (Bab. Nabû-kudurri-uṣur = (prob.) Nebo, protect the boundary ! Dl:Calwer BL Budge:Nebuchadn. (on kudurru, boundary, v. Dl:HWB 319); poss. is also crown, and so Schr:COT 2 K 24:1; Jäger:BAS i. 471 prop. (thy) servant);—LXX Ναβουχοδονοσ(σ)ορ; Can. Ptol. Ναβοκολασσαρου Schr:COT 490, Abydenos etc. Ναβουκοδρόσορος, v. Schr:ib. 2 K 24:1; —the great king of Babylon (reigned B. C. 605–562), who captured Jerus. and carried Judah captive: most oft. נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר מֶלֶח בָּבֶל (נ׳ oft. om. in LXX) Je 21:2, 21:7 (but om. LXX Gie), 22:25, 25:1, 25:9, 29:21, 32:28, 34:1 (v. Baer's note; van d. H נבוכדנ׳), 35:11, 37:1, 39:1, 39:5 (v. on 34:1), v:11, 43:10, 44:30, 46:2, 46:13, 46:26, 49:30, 50:17, 51:34, 52:4, 52:12, Ez 26:7, 29:18, 29:19, not found29:30; so Qr Je 49:28 (Kt ב׳ נבוכדראחור מ׳); נְבוּבַדְרֶאצַּרָ (מֶלֶח בָּבֶל om.) Je 32:1, 52:28, 52:29, 52:30. Spelt corruptly with n, ב׳ נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר מ׳ (cf. Schr:COT 2 K 24:1 n.) 2 Ch 36:6, Dn 1:1, Je 27:6, 27:8, 27:20, 28:3, 29:3, Ezr 2:l Qr (Kt ב׳ נבוכדבחור מ׳, cf. Je 49:8 supr.); נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר alone 2 Ch 36:7, 36:10, 36:13 (הַמֶּלֶח נ׳), Je 29:1; נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר ב׳ מ׳ 2 K 24:1, 24:10, 24:11, 25:1, 25:8, 25:22, Je 28:11, 28:14; נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּרָ 1 Ch 5:41; ב׳ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מ׳ Ne 7:6, Est 2:6; נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר Ezr 1:7 (ב׳ מ׳ om.), נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר Dn 2:1, 2:1, נְבֻכַדְנֶצַָּר 1:18 (v. also Tobit 14:5, Jud 1:1 + oft., as LXX supr.)—On N. v. further Tiele:Bab. -Ass. Gesch, 421 ff., 454 ff.

נְבוּשַׁזְבַַן n. pr. m. (= Nabû-šêzib-anni, Nebo delivers me, Schr:COT Je 39:13);—officer of Nebuchadrezzar, called רַב־סָרִים (q. v.) Je 39:13.

נָבוֹת:22 n. pr. m. a Jezreelite; —-1 K 21:1, 21:2, 21:3 + 16 t. 1 K 21; 2 K 9:21, 9:25, 9:26. LXX Ναβουθαι.

† [נָבַח] vb. bark (of dogs) (NH id.; Ar. نَبَحَ; Eth. nabh.a:; Aram. ܢܒܰܚ, נְבַח);—Qal Inf. cstr. only כֻּלָּם כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים לאֹ יוּכְלוּ לִנְבֹּחַ Is 56:10 fig. of helpless prophets.

נֹ֫בַח n. pr. m. et loc. 1. m. a Manassite Nu 32:42 (JE), LXX Ναβαυ. 2. loc. in Gilead Ju 8:11, LXX Ναβαι, Ναβε(θ); Nu 32:42 (formerly קְנָת, q. v.), LXX Ναβωθ.

נִבְחַז n. pr. div. god of men of Avva, 2 K 17:31; name otherwise unknown, cf. Sch:COT ad loc.; LXXB τὴν ̓Εβλαζερ, LXXL ̓Εβλαιεζερ, A ̓Αβααζερ καὶ τὴν Ναιβας; Thes comp. Mand. denom. ܢܒܰܙ = נבאז (Cod. Nasar. Norberg.) Codd. give variant נבחן cf. Baer:ad loc. Frensdorff:Mas. Magna i. 306.

† [נָבַט] vb. Pi., Hiph. look (NH Pi. id.; Ar. نَبَطَ is well or issue forth (of water). As. nabâṭu is shine Dl:HWB 443; Sab. epith. נבט protector (? lit. looking with consideration upon Mordt:ZMG xxx. 1876:37); n. pr. נבטאל God has seen, i.e. considered Levy-Os:ZMG xix, 1865:231);—Pi. Pf. consec. וְנִבַּט Is 5:30 look (lit.), sq. לְ. Hiph. Pf. הִבִּיט Nu 21:9 + 3 t.; וְהִבַּטְתָּ֫ 1 S 2:32, etc.; Impf. יַבִּיט Nu 12:8 + 4 t.; וַיַּבֵּט 1 S 17:42 + 4 t., etc.; Imv. הַבֵּט 1 K 18:43 +; הַבֵּיט Ps 142:5 (or Inf. abs.), cf. La 5:1 Kt; הַבִּ֫יטָה Ps 13:4 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַבִּיט Ex 3:6 +, etc.; Pt. מַבִּיט Ps 104:32; —look:

1. lit., a. human subj., sq. אֶל־ Ex 3:6 (E), Nu 21:9 (JE), Is 8:22 (‖פָּנָה לְמָָעְלָה v:21), cf. 51:6, Jon 2:5; sq. עַל־ Hb 2:15; sq. אַחֲרֵי Gn 19:17, 19:26 (J), Ex 33:8 (E), 1 S 24:9; sq. הָ loc., Gn 15:5 (שָׁמַ֫יְמָה), cf. Jb 35:5 (שָׁמַיִם); sq. דֶּרֶח־יָם 1 K 18:43; sq. acc. = look upon, behold Nu 12:8 (E), Is 38:11; abs. Jb 6:19, 1 S 17:42 (‖רָאָה), 1 K 18:43, 19:6 (sq. הִנֵּה), 1 Ch 21:21 (‖רָאָה), so Ps 22:18. b. subj. eagle, abs. Jb 39:29 (sq. adv. לְמֵרָחוֹק).

2. fig.: sq. אֶל regard, shew regard to 1 S 16:7 (אֶל־מַרְאֵהוּ), cf. 2 K 3:14 (‖רָאָה); pay attention to, sq. אֶל־ Is 22:8; = consider Is 51:1; 51:2; look unto י׳, sq. אֶל־ Ps 34:6 (read Imv. pl. LXX SyrVer Che), Is 22:11, Zc 12:10; cf. Ps 119:6 sq. אֶל־כָּל־מִחְוֹת; cf. also Jb 36:25 (abs., sq. מֵרָחוֹק); sq. acc. אֹרְחֹתֶיְ Ps 119:15, cf. v:18, Is 5:12; sq. acc. אָוֶן Nu 23:2l (‖רָאָה); subj. עֵינִי, וַתַּבֵּט בְּשׁוּרַי בְּ׳ Ps 92:12 see its desire upon, gloat over (cf. רָאָה בְּ), diff. 1 S 2:32; sq. acc. adv. Ps 142:5 (יָמִין to the right;רָאָה); abs. Is 42:18 (sq. לִרְאוֹךְ of purpose); 63:5 Hb 1:5 (‖רָאָה), so Ps 91:8 (בְּעֵינֶיְ), cf. Pr 4:25, sq. לְנֹכַח (subj. עֵינֶיְ; ‖יַיְשִׁרוּ נֶגְדְֶָּ).

3. subj. י׳: sq. אֶל + מִשָּׁמַיִם Ps 102:20; sq. אֶל־ = look upon, i.e. endure to see Hb 1:13 (‖רָאָה); so sq. acc. v:13, cf. 1:3 (or causat. Ew; ‖תַּרְאֵנִי); sq. לְ, Ps 104:32, Jb 28:24; Ps 74:20 (לַבְּרִיתּ); sq. acc. Is 64:8 ( ‖הֵן ), La 3:63, Ps 10:14 (‖רָאָה); = regard, shew regard to, Am 5:22, Ps 84:10, La 4:16, cf. Ps 13:4; sq. אֶל־ id. Is 66:2; abs. Ps 94:9 i.e. have power of sight, Is 18:4; sq. מִשָּׁמַיִם Ps 33:13, 80:15, Is 63:15 ( ‖רָאָה ), La 1:11 (‖רָאָה), so v:12, 2:20, 5:1.

† [מַבָּט] n. m.:Zc 9:5 expectation = object of hope or confidence (lit. thing looked to);—sf. מַבָּטֵנוּ Is 20:6, מַבָּטָם v:5, מֶבָּטָהּ Zc 9:5; —of Cush as ally of Judah Is 20:5, 20:6; of Tyre as ally of lÕ’hilistia Zc 9:5.

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נְבָט n.pr.m. father of Jerob. I (cf. Sab. נבט, נבטאל, v. נָבַט supr.);—only in phrase יָֽרָבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט 1 K 11:26, 12:2, 12:15 15:1, 16:3, 16:26, 16:31, 21:22, 22:53, 2 K 3:3, 9:9, 10:29, 13:2, 13:11, 14:24, 15:9, 15:18, 15:24, 15:28, 17:21, 23:15, 2 Ch 9:29, 10:2, 10:15, 13:6. LXX Ναβαθ, Ναβατ.

נְבָּיוֹת n.pr.gent. (Nab. נבטו = Nabataean and Nabataeans, Eut:Nab 1, 4 and oft., cf. נבט of Jewish trad. Nö:ZMG xxv, 1871:124, נבט Targum:Is 60:7 (on form of name, and on ט = ת cf. Lag:BN 51 f.); in As. Nabaitai, etc., Schr:COT Gn 25:13; KGF 99 ff.. Dl:Par 296 f.);—as (eldest) son of Ishmael (brother of Kedar) Gn 25:13, 28:9, 36:3 (all P), 1 Ch 1:29; people (‖ Kedar) Is 60:7, cf. Nabataei + Cedrei Plin:NH v, 11, 65; LXX Ναβαιωθ; Gk. Ναβαταῖοι.—See further Nö:ZMG xxv, 1871:122 f. Eut:Nab p.78 GASm:Geogr. 547–629 pass.

†[נֵ֫בֶךְ] n.[m.] spring (si vera 1.) (√ unknown);—only pl. cstr. נִבְכֵי־יָם Jb 38:16 the springs, sources of the ocean (‖חֵ֫קֶר תְּהוֹם);—Ol Siegf נִבְלֵי; Bu suggests נבעי = מֵבֻּעֵי as poss.; but Gr Perles rd. נִבְכֵי Jb 28:11, also, for Mass. מִבְּכִי, cf. נָהָר 2.

†I. נבל (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

I. נֵ֫בֶל n.m.:Je 13:12

1. skin-bottle, skin;

2. jar, pitcher;—נֵ֫בֶלabs. 1 S 10:5 +; cstr.v:3 + (on נֶכֶל v.Bear:1 S 1.24);—1. skin of wine, נֵ֫בֶל יַיִן 1 S 1:24, 10:3, 2 S 16:1, cf. also Je 13:12, 13:12; pl. נִבְלֵי יַיִן 1 S 25:18 : fig. נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם Jb 38:37 i.e. clouds (‖שְׁחָקִים). 2. earthen jar, pitcher: fig. of connexions of Eliakim כְּלֵי נְבָלִים Is 22:24; נִבְלֵיהֶם יְנַפֵָּחוּ Je 48:12 (‖כֵּלִים יָרִיקוּ) in fig. of Moab (cf. Ps 2:9); נִבְלֵי־תֶרֶשׂ La 4:2 sim. of men of Judah (‖מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי יוֹחֵר); sim. of destruction of Judah, שֵׁבֶר נֵ֫כֶל יוֹחְרִים Is 30:14.

†II. נֵ֫בֶל, נֶ֫בֶל n.m.:Ps 57:9 a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar (with bulging resonance-body at lower end); (perh. = 1. נֵבֶל, and then shape seems to favour lute; perh. independent word, e.g. Egyptian loan-word, cf. nfr, lute, We:Hpt 222);—abs. נֵ֫בֶל 1 S 10:5 + 3 t., נֶ֫בֶל Ps 71:22 + 3 t.; נָ֑בֶל Am 6:5 + 2 t.; pl. נְבָלִים 2 S 6:5 + 4 t.; sf. נְבָלֶיְ Am 5:23, Is 14:11; —harp (or lute), played at feasts and religious ceremonies, probably less simple, cheap and common than כִּנּוֹר (q.v.; oft. named with נ׳):—as mark of luxury, revelry Am 5:23, 6:5, Is 14:11, so 5:12 (תֹּף חָלִיל כִנּוֹר נ׳), also (not in bad sense) 1 K 10:12; played by wandering band of prophets 1 S 10:5 (list as Is 5:12); in worship 2 S 6:5; elsewh. only PsalmPsalm Chr. always in worship: Ps 57:9, 81:3, 92:4, 108:3, 150:3; כְּלִי נֶבֶל 71:22; עָשׂוֹר נ׳ a harp with ten strings 33:2, 144:9; 1 Ch 13:8, 15:16, 15:20, 15:28, 16:5 (כְּלֵי נְבָלִים), 25:1, 25:6, 2 Ch 5:12, 9:11, 20:28, 29:25, Ne 12:27.—Cf. further Benz:Arch. 273 ff. Now:Arch. i..273 ff. Dr:Amos 234 ff. We:Hpt 222 ff.

†II. נָבַל vb. be senseless, foolish (NH נְבָלָה, נַבְלוּת of immodesty; Ar.نَبُلَ = (per contra) be noble, distinguished, نَبَلَ also be gracious (Frey); Aram. נְבַל Pa. reject, despise, v. Targum Ne 3:6, Je 14:21; in deriv. as NH);—Qal Pf. 2 ms. נָבַלְתָּ Pr 30:32 if thou hast been foolish in lifting up thyself (opp. זַמּוֹתָ). Pi. Pf. 1 S. sf. consec. וְנִבַּלְתִּיח Na 3:6; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְנַבֵּל Dt 32:15; 2 ms. תְּנַבֵּל Je 14:21; Pt. מִנַבֵּל Mi 7:6; —regard or treat as a נָבָל (q.v.), i.e. with contumely, c.acc.: בֵּן מְנַבֵּל אָב Mi 7:6 son treateth father as a fool (with contumely); וַיְנ׳ חוּר Dt 32:15 and he treated with contumely the Rock of his salvation (i.e. י׳; ‖נטשִׁ); י׳ subj., Na 3:6 I will treat thee (Nineveh) with contumely (‖וְהִשְׂלַכְתִּ֫י חָלַיִךְ שִׁקֻּחִים); Je 14:21 do not treat with contumely the throne of thy glory (‖נאץ).

†I. נָבָל adj. foolish, senseless, esp. of the man who has no perception of ethical and religious claims, and with collat. idea of ignoble, disgraceful;—abs. נ׳ 2 S 3:33 + 14 t.; mpl. נְבָלִים 13:13, Ez 13:3 (LXX Co מִלִּבָּם); fpl. נְבָלוֹת Jb 2:10; —senseless, esp. of religious and moral insensibility: עַם נ׳ Dt 32:6 (of Isr., unappreciative of J.'s benefits; opp. חָכָם), so of heathen nation Ps 74:18 (blaspheming name of י׳), גּוֹי נ׳ Dt 32:21 (‖לאֹ עָם); הַנְּבִאִים הַנּ׳ Ez 13:3 (si vera l., v.supr.); elsewh. as subst. (impious and presumptuous) fool, Is 32:5 (opp. נָדִיב noble-minded), characterized as at once irreligious and churlish, v:6; denying God Ps 14:1 = 53:2; insulting God 74:22, and God's servant 39:9; Pr 17:7 arrogant speech becometh not the (impious and presumptuous) fool (whose faults it only makes the more conspicuous), much less do lying lips him that this is noble (נדיב), v:21 (‖כְּסִיל), 30:22 ונבל כי ישׂבע לחם (one of the things under which the earth trembles), בְּנֵי נָבָל Jb 30:8 i.e. ignoble men (‖בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם); as one who might be expected to have a contumelious end, ימות אבנר הַכְּמוֹת נ׳ 2 S 3:33 was Abner (destined) to die, as a נ׳ dieth ? of the man who amasses riches unjustly ובאחריתו יהיה נבל Je 17:11 i.e. will prove himself to be a נ׳; as acting immorally (with collat. idea of disgracefully) 2 S 13:13 ואתה תהיה כְּאַחַד הַנְּבָלִים בישׂראל (cf. נְבָלָה); f. only in כְּדַבֵּר אַחַת הַנְּבָלוֹת Jb 2:10 (of Job's wife). Cf. Dr:Dt 22:21, 32:6, 32:15. 32:21, Psalt. 457.

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II. נָבָל n.pr.m.(on popular etymol. see 1 S 25:25 infr.);—a churlish man of Carmel, whose widow David married 1 S 25:3, 25:4, 25:5, 25:9, 25:10, 25:14, 25:19, 25:25, 25:25 (כִּשְׁמוֹ כֶּן־ה֔וּא נָבָל שְׁמוֹ וּנְּבָלָה עִמּוֹ), v:26 + 10 t. 1 S + 2 S 2:2, 3:3. LXX Ναβαλ.

נְבָלָה n.f. senselessness (as shewn in disregard of moral and religious claims), esp. of disgraceful sins; also disgrace;—alw. abs. נ׳;—

1. disgraceful folly, esp. of sins of un-chastity Ju 19:23 (wanton deed GFM), so דְּבַר הַזּאֹת הַנּ׳ v:24, 2 S 13:12; oft. בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל עָשָׂה נ׳ i.e. do a thing disgraceful acc. to Isr.'s standard: Gn 34:7 (J), Dt 22:21 (cf. Dr on mng. of wd.; only here of woman), Ju 20:26 (+ זִמָּה), v:10, Je 29:23 (cf. לאֹ יֵעָשֶׂה כֵּן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵלּ 2 S 13:12); also of inhospitable churlishness 1 S 25:25 (v. I, II. נָבָל, and esp. Is 32:6); of profane action Jos 7:15 (Achan; עָשָׂה נ׳ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל); of senseless and irreligious language Is 9:16 דֹּבֵר 32:6 (יְדַבֵּר).

2. contumely, disgrace עֲשׂוֹת עִמָּכֶם נ׳ Jb 42:8 (of י׳), i.e. deal out to you disgrace, expose you and punish you as נְבָלִים (cf. 2 S 3:33, sub נָבָל), because of your utterances about me.

נַבְלוּת n.f. immodesty, shamelessness, lewdness of Isr. under fig. of adulteress Ho 2:12

נָבֵל vb. sink or drop down, languish, wither and fall, fade (NH id.; As. nabâlu, destroy, Dl:HWB 443 f. Ar. نَبَلَ v, VIII. die; Aram. נְבֵילָא corpse);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ Is 40:7, 40:8, Je 8:13; 3 fs. נָֽבְלָה Is 24:4, 24:4; Impf. 3 ms. יִבּוֹל Ps 1:3 + 4 t. (on form cf. Ges:§ 43, 3, R, 1, h Ol:§ 246 e) 2 ms. תִּבֹּל Ex 18:18; 3 mpl. יִבֹּלוּ 2 S 22:46 = Ps 18:46, יִבּוֹלָוּן Ps 37:2; 1 pl. וַנָּ֫בֶל Is 64:5 (on form cf. Di and Ol:§ 236 e); Inf. abs. נָבֹל Ex 18:18; cstr. נְבֹל Is 34:4; Pt. נֹבֵל Is 28:1, 28:4; f. נֹבֶ֫לָת abs. Is 34:4; cstr. Is 1:30; —

1. sink or drop down, fr. exhaustion נָבֹל תִּכֹּל Ex 18:18 (Moses and Isr.); fr. discouragement 2 S 22:46 = Ps 18:46 (of foreigners, foes of Isr.); of mt. הַר־נֹפֵל יִבּוֹל Jb 14:18 (but נָפוֹל יִפּוֹל Lag:Proph. Chald. Siegf Baer, after LXX, so Bu [or יִבְלֶה]; Du נָבוֹל יִכּוֹל).

2. usu. fall like a leaf, or flower wither and fall, fade: כְּאֵלָה נֹבֶ֫לֶת עָלֶֽהָ Is 1:30 like an oak falling as to it leaves (sim. of people of Jerus.); the host of heaven יִבּוֹל כִּנְבֹל עָלֶה מגֶּפֶן וּכְנֹבֶלֶת מִתְּאֵנָה Is 34:4; עָלֵהוּ לאֹ יִבּ׳ Ez 47:12 (trees in Ezek.'s vision), so fig. of good man Ps 1:3; of Isr. Je 8:13, וַנָּ֫בֶל כֶּעָלֶה Is 64:5; also נָבֵל חִיץ 40:7, 40:8 (both ‖יָבֵשׁ חָחִיר), חִיץ נֹבֵל 28:1, cf. v:4; of wicked כְּיֶרֶק דֶּשֶׁא יִבּ׳ Ps 37:2: (‖כֶּחָחִיר יִמָָּלוּ); of devastated earth אָֽבְלָה נָֽבְלָה הָאָרֶַץ אֻמְלְלָה נָֽבְלָה תֵּבֵָל Is 24:4.

נְבֵלָה n.f. carcass, corpse (as inert, flabby);—נ׳ abs. 1 K 13:24 +; cstr. נִבְלַת v:29 +; sf. נְבֵלָתִי Is 26:19; נִבְלָֽתְְ Dt 28:26, 1 K 13:22; נֵבְלָתוֹ + Jos 82:9 + 6 t.; נִבְלָתָהּ Lv 11:39, 11:40, 11:40; נִבְלָתָם Is 5:25 + 14 t.;—carcass, corpse:

1. a. human (not in Ez P, (H), which use פֶּגֶר); Jos 8:29 (JE), 1 K 13:22, 13:24, 13:24, 13:25, 13:25, 13:28, 13:28, 13:28, 13:29, 13:30, 2 K 9:37, Je 26:23, 36:30, Dt 21:23, 28:26; coll. corpses Is 5:25, 26:19 (wish for restoration to life), Je 7:33, 9:21, 16:4, 19:7, 34:20, Ps 79:2. b. of lifeless idols, coll. נִבְלַת שִׁקּוּחֵיהֶם וגו׳ Je 16:18. 2: of animals (clean and unclean, wild animals, cattle, birds and reptiles, chiefly Lv Ez), Dt 14:8; Lv 5:2, 5:2, 5:2, 11:8, 11:11, 11:24, 11:25, 11:27, 11:28, 11:35, 11:36, 11:37, 11:38, 17:15 (all P); נ׳ specif. = body of animal dying of itself Dt 14:21; Lv 7:24, 11:39, 11:40, 11:40 (P), 22:8 (H), Ez 4:14, 44:31.

נְבַלָָּט n.pr.loc. place where Benjamites dwelt Ne 11:34. LXXL Ναβαλυτ. Mod. Beit Nebâlâ, 6 m. NE. from Lydda, acc. to Guêrin Sam. ii. 67 f.; Mishn. בית נבלטא Buhl:Ges 12; Geogr. 197.

†[נָבַע] vb. flow, spring, bubble up, poet. and late (NH id. (rare); As. nabû, id., Dl:HWB 442; Ar. نَبَعَ well or issue forth (of water); Aram. ܢܒܰܥ נְבַע; Eth. nab9a: II. weep, 0anb9: tear(s));—Qal Pt. נַ֫חַל נֹבֵעַ Pr 18:4 a flowing wady, metaph. of מְקוֹר חָכְמָה. Hiph. Impf. יַבִּיעַ Ps 19:3 + 3 t.; אַבְּ֫יעָה Ps 78:2, Pr 1:23; יַבִּ֫יעוּ Ps 94:4, 145:7; יַבִּיעוּן Ps 59:8; 3 fpl. תַּבַּ֫עְנָה Ps 119:171; —pour out, emit, cause to bubble, belch forth:

1. pour out, fig. אַבִּיעָה לָכֶם רוּחִי Pr 1:23 (‖אוֹדִ֫יעָה דְבָרַי אֶתְכֶם).

2. cause to bubble, ferment זְבוּבֵי מַָ֫וֶת יַבְאִישׁ יַכִּיעַ שֶׁמֶן רוֹקֵָחַ Ec 10:1.

3. fig., usually of speech, pour forth, emit, belch forth, emphat. expression: פִּי רְשָׁעִים יַבִּיעַ רָעוֹת Pr 15:28 (opp. לֵב חַדִּיק יֶהְגֶּה לַעֲנוֹת) i.e. the righteous considers before he speaks, the wicked bursts out with reckless utterance; פִּי כְסִילִים יַבִּיעַ אִוֶּלֶת Pr 15:2 (opp. לְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים תֵּיטִיב דָָּעַת); יַבִּ֫יעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק Ps 94:4 (‖יִתְאַמְּרוּ כָּל־פֹּעֲלֵי אָָוֶן); בְּפִיהֶם יַבּ׳ 59:8 (‖חֲרָבוֹת בְּשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶם); in good sense, אַבִּ֫יעָה חִידוֹת 78:2 (‖אֶפְתֳּחה בְּמָשָׁל פִּי); תַּבַּעְנָה שְׂפָתַי תְּהִלָּה 119:171; זֵכֶר רַב־טוּבְְ יִבִָּיעוּ 145:7 (‖וְחִדְקָֽתְְ יְרַנֵָּנוּ, cf. also v:6); metaph. אֹמֶר יוֹם לְיוֹם יַבּ׳ 19:3, i. e. though silent, it really pours forth speech.

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מַבּוּעַ n.[m.] spring of water (As. namba&atO;’u Dl: HWB 442, Ar مَنْبَعُ, Syr. ܡܰܒܽܘܥ);—abs. מ׳ Ec 12:6; pl. cstr. מַבּוּעֵי מַיִם Is 35:7, 49:10 (for returning exiles).

נִבְשָׁן v. בשׁן p. 143

נגב (√ of foll. = be dry, parched, NH נָגַב, Aram. ܢܓܶܒ נְגוּב, נְגִיב).

נֶ֫גֶב n..[m.]] south-country, Negeb, south (cf. Lag:BN 78);—נ׳ abs. Gn 20:1 +; cstr. Jos 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Gn 13:14 +;—

1. south-country, i.e. a. specif. the region S. of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined (see cities in it Jos 15:2132), but c. fr. hills S. of Hebron to Kadesh, אֶרֶץ הַנּ׳ Gn 20:1 (E), 24:62 (J), Nu 13:29 (JE), Ju 1:15; Jos 15:19; alm. = n.pr. הַנּ׳, הַנֶּ֫גְבָּה, Gn 12:9, 13:1, Nu 13:17, 13:22, 21:1 (all J), Dt 34:3 (JE), Dt 1:7, Jos 10:40, 11:16, 12:8 (all D), Nu 33:40, Jos 15:21 (both P), Ju 1:9, 1 S 20:41 (but rd. הָאַרְגָּב, i.e. the mound LXX (ἀργαβ) Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS), Je 13:19, 17:26, 32:44, 33:13, Zc 7:7, Ob:20, Ps 126:4 (sim.), Ez 21:3a (= Judah); נ׳ (no art.) Gn 13:3 (J), 1 S 30:1, Is 30:6 (cf. Di); of particular districts in the Negeb: עֲרָד נ׳ Ju 1:16 (cf. GFM), יהוּדָה נ׳ etc. 1 S 27:10, 27:10, 27:10 (cf. Dr), 30:14, 30:14, 2 S 24:7, 2 Ch 28:18; v. also Zc 14:10; רָמַת נ׳ Jos 19:8, רָמוֹת נ׳ 1 S 30:27; coll. c. pl. vb. = people of south-land Ob:19. b. land S. of Babylon Is 21:1 (cf. Di). c. = Egypt Dn 11:5, 11:6, 11:9, 11:14, 11:15, 11:25, 11:25, 11:29, 11:40 (v. Meinh Bev Behrm, cf. v:43).

2. hence south (opp. N., E., W.) Gn 13:14, 28:14 (both J), Jos 17:10 (P), 1 K 7:25 = 2 Ch 4:4, 1 Ch 9:24, 26:15, 26:17 (cf. v:14, v:16, v:18), Ez 21:3b, 21:9, Dn 8:4, 8:9, further 1 K 7:39 Zc 14:4; פְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Ex 26:18, cf. 27:9, 36:23, 38:9, 40:24 (of S. side of tabernacle); שַׁ֫עַר נ׳ Ez 46:9, 46:9; פְּאַת נ׳ south side or border Nu 34:3, 35:5, Jos 18:15 (all P), Ez 47:19, cf v:19, 48:16, 48:28, 48:33; גְּבוּל נ׳ south boundary Nu 34:3, Jos 15:2, 15:4, 18:19 (all P), cf. מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ (הַגְּבוּל) on the south of Nu 34:4, 34:4, Jos 15:3 (לְ אֶל־מִנּ׳), v:3, v:7, 18:3 (all P), Ju 21:19; מִנּ׳ abs. on the south Jos 18:5 (JE), 19:34 (P), 1 S 14:5, Ez 40:2; כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנּ׳ Jos 15:8, cf. 18:13, 18:16 (all P); נֶ֫גְבָּה 15:1, 15:2, 18:14, 18:14, 18:19 (all P), 2 Ch 4:10, Ez 21:2 (Co; HCT נגב) 48:10, 48:17; נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Jos 17:9 (P).—For בִּנְּרוֹת נ׳ 11:2 rd. נֶגֶד (LXX Di).

[נָגַד]:363 vb. be conspicuous (NH in deriv.; Ph. n.pr.m. נגד; Ar. نَجَدَ conquer, overcome, also be apparent, conspicuous; نَجْدُ high land or country; نَجُدَ be courageous, vigorous, effective, نَجِدَ courageous, efficient; Aram. ܢܓܰܕ, נְגַד drag, draw, lead; ܢܳܓܽܘܕܳܐ נָגוֹדָא leader; Eth. nagada: is travel);—Hiph.:328 Pf. הִגִּיד Gn 3:11 +, 3 fs. הִגִּ֫ידָה 1 S 25:19 +, הִגַּדְתָּ Gn 12:8 +, etc.; Impf. יַגִּיד 1 S 9:6 +; וַיַּגֵּד Gn 9:22 +; sf. יַגִּידֶ֫הָ Is 44:7; יַגִּדָהּ Je 9:11; יַגֵּֽדְְ Dt 32:7 (juss.), etc.; Imv. הַגֵּד 2 S 18:21 +; הַגִּ֫ידָה Gn 29:15 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הַגֵּד Ju 14:12 + 2 t.; הַגֵּיד Je 36:16; cstr. לְהַגִּיד Gn 32:6 +; לגיד 2 K 9:15 Kt. (Qr לְהַגּ׳); Pt. מַגִּיד Gn 41:24 +; f. מַגֶּ֫דֶת Est 2:20; pl. cstr. מַגִּידֵי Ju 14:19; —declare, tell [usu. sq. לְ of indir. obj. Gn 3:11 + oft.; ins. also 1 S 12:7, 2 S 13:34 LXX Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu, so HPS 2 S 13:34 (1 S 12:7 he foll. HCT as more diff.); sq. אֶל Ex 19:9, 1 S 3:15; sq. לִפְנֵי 1 S 17:31, Ps 142:3; עַל־פָּנָיו Jb 21:31; בְּאָזְנֵָי Je 36:20; sq. בְּ loc. (instead of indir. obj.) chiefly proph. Je 4:5, 5:20, 31:10 +; also 1 S 4:13, 2 S 1:20, 2 K 9:15, Mi 1:10; rarely sq. acc. pers. 2 S 15:31 (but rd. וּלְדָוִד הִגִּיד HPS (indef. subj.), or הֻגַּד ולס׳ We Dr Kit, LXX Vulgate Th Klo Bu favour הֻגַּד), 2 K 7:9, 7:11, Ez 43:10, Jb 17:5, 26:4, 31:37; sq. dir. obj. in acc. Gn 45:13 + oft.; sq. cl. wi. כִּי Gn 3:11 + oft.; sq. cl. wi. אֲשֶׁר = כִּי (late) Est 3:4, 6:2; sq. cl. wi. מָה Gn 29:15, Ju 16:15, Est 8:1 +; sq. cl. wi. מִי 2 K 6:11; sq. cl. wi אֵיבָה Ct 1:7, once sq. cl. wi. הֲ Gn 43:6, etc.; oft. no dir. obj., sq. לֵאמֹר Ex 13:8, 1 S 25:14 +; sq. וַיּאֹמֶר Gn 47:1 +; אמר then foll. by orat. rect.; הִגּ׳ alone sq. orat. rect. Zc 9:12; sq. עַל concerning, 1 S 27:11, Est 6:2; oft. indir. obj. om. 1 S 24:19 +; dir. obj. om. Ju 13:10 +; both om. Lv 5:l + ]. In Hex. rarely P, †Lv 5:1, 14:35, Ex 16:22 †; J, Gn 3:11, 12:18, Ex 13:8 + 18 t.; E, Gn 21:6, 31:20, 41:25 + 15 t.; D, Dt 17:9, 26:3, 30:18 + 5 t.;—

1. tell, announce, report, usu. human subj. Gn 9:22, 24:23, 32:6, Lv 14:35, Ju 13:6, 1 S 3:18, 1 K 1:23, Ne 2:12, Est 2:10, 2:10, Jb 12:7, Ps 142:3, Is 19:12, Je 5:20, Ez 24:19 +.

2. declare, make known, expound, esp. of something before not understood, concealed or mysterious, Gn 3:11, 12:18, etc.; 1 K 10:3 = 2 Ch 9:2; a riddle Ju 14:12, 14:15, 14:16, 14:16, 14:16, 14:19, dream Dn 2:2; secret Jb 11:6, etc.; of י׳ as revealing, Gn 41:25, 2 S 7:11, 2 K 4:27, Mi 6:8, Je 42:3, Ps 147:19; of declaring by י׳'s agents Dt 5:5, Mi 3:8, 1 S 15:16, 2 S 24:13, Je 50:28, Is 58:1; by divin. Ho 4:12.

3. inform of (play the informer concerning) Jos 2:14, 2:20, Je 20:10, Jb 17:5, Lv 5:1, Pr 29:24.

4. publish declare, proclaim, esp. of proclaiming wisdom, power, loving-kindness, etc., of י׳ (esp. Psalm Psalm): Ps 9:12, 22:32, 51:17, 92:3, 92:16, 145:4 +, subj. heavens Ps 19:2, 50:6, 97:6; Is 42:12, 57:12.

5. avow, acknowledge, confess: Is 3:9, Ps 38:19, cf. Is 48:6.—Pt. = messenger 2 S 15:13, Je 51:31, 51:31 cf. הַנַּ֫עַר הַמַּגִּיד 2 S 1:5, 1:6, 1:13; הָאִישׁ הַמּ׳ 2 S 18:11. †Hoph. Pf. הֻגַּד Jos 9:24 +; Impf. וַיֻּגַּד Gn 22:20 +; Inf. abs. הֻגֵּד Jos 9:24, Ruth 2:11; —be told, announced, reported, alw. sq. לְ (sts. impers., logical subj. in acc., cf. Gn 27:42, 2 S 21:11, c. fem. Is 21:2; not in P): Gn 27:42 (J), 31:22 (E), Dt 17:4, Jos 9:24, 9:24 (D), Ru 2:11, 2:11, Ju 9:25, 2 S 10:17, 19:2, 21:11, 1 K 10:7, 18:13, 1 Ch 19:17, 2 Ch 9:6, Is 21:2, 40:21; sq. לֵאמֹר Gn 22:20, 38:13, 38:24 (all J), Jos 10:17 (JE), 1 S 15:12, 19:19, 2 S 6:12, 1 K 1:51, 2 K 6:13, 8:7, Is 7:2; sq. cl. with כִּי Ex 14:5 (J), Ju 9:47, 1 S 23:7, 23:13, 27:4, 1 K 2:29, 2:41.

617

נֶ֫גֶד:151 subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to, נֶ֑גֶד, cstr. נֶגֶד, sf. נֶגְדִּי Ps 38:11 +, נֶגְדְְּ 38:10 +, etc.; with ה loc. נֶ֫גְדָּהPs 116:14, 116:18; —

1. as adv. accus. in front of, a. locally (rather stronger and distincter than לִפְנֵי), (a) Gn 31:32 נֶגֶד אַחֵינוּ הַכֶּר־נָא in front of our brethren own it, now, v:37, 47:15 ולמה נמות נגדך why should we die in thy sight ? Ex 19:2 Isr. encamped נגד ההר in front of the mountain, 34:10 נגד כל־עמך אעשׂה נִפְלָאֹת, before, in sight of, all thy people (cf. Ps 78:12), Jos 3:16 the people passed over נגד ירחו in front of J., 1 K 20:27, etc.; Ne 3:23 in front of their house, v:29; (כל)נגד ישׂראל Dt 31:11, Jos 8:35 = 1 S 15:30, 2 S 12:12 +; 1 K 21:13 set Naboth נֶגֶד הָעָם; נגד י׳ 1 S 12:3, 16:6 מְשִׁיחוֹ אַךְ נֶגֶד י׳, so נֶגְדִּי Ps 89:37, נֶגְדּוֹ 18:13; נגד השׁמשׁ Nu 25:4, 2 S 12:12; Ps 22:26 יראיו נ׳, 52:11 (so poet. נֶגְדָּה לְ Ps 116:14, 116:18); hostilely, Jb 10:17; with collat. idea of to the mortification of, Ps 23:5, 31:20, cf. Jo 1:16; with collat. idea of being open or known to, Pr 15:11 שׁאול ואבדון נגד י׳, Jb 26:6; Ps 38:10 נגדך כל־תאותי (‖ממך לא נסתרה ), 69:20 (‖יָדַעְתָּ), 119:168, Is 59:12; so נֶגֶד פָּנַי הָיוּ Ho 7:2. (b) with reflex. sf., and vb. of motion, to go in front of oneself, i.e. straightforward, Jos 6:5 ועלו העם אישׁ נגדו each straightforward, v:20, Am 4:3, Je 31:29, Ne 12:37, cf. Pr 4:25. b. mentally, = vividly present to, Ps 38:18 ומכאובי נגדי תמיד, 44:16, 51:5 וחטאתי נגדי תמיד, 109:15 י׳ נ׳ (remembered by): nearly = בְּעֵינָיו, כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ Is 40:17, Ps 39:6; so וְנ׳ פְּנֵיהֶם נְבוֹנִים Is 5:21. But Ex 10:10 כי רעה נגד פניכם before your face is = in your view, or purpose (cf. לא אשׁית לְנֶגֶד עֵינַי דבר־בליעל Ps 101:3).

2. With preps.: a.כְּנֶגֶד acc. to what is in front of = corresponding to, Gn 2:18 I will make him עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ a help corresponding to him i.e. equal and adequate to himself, v:20 among the animals there was no עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. b. לְנֶגֶד in front of, before, Gn 33:12 וְאֵֽלְכָה לְנֶנְדְֶָּ, Nu 22:32, 2 K 1:13 fell on his knees לנגד אליהו, Is 1:7 your ground לנגדכם זרים אֹכלים אותהּ; with עָמַד Jos 5:13, Dn 8:15, 10:16, in a hostile sense v:13, cf. Pr 21:30; in the sight or presence of, Hb 1:3 וְשֹׁד וְחָמָס לְנֶגְדִּי, Ps 39:2 בעוד רשׁע לנגדי, 50:8 ועולֽתיך לנגדי תמיד, Ne 3:37; opposite to (prob. of opposite choirs), Ne 12:9, 12:24; = parallel to, 1 Ch 5:11; = over, for, a business (peculiar) Ne 11:22; fig. of what is visible morally, Ps 18:23 כי כל משׁפטיו לנגדי (‖לאֹ אָסִיר מֶנִּי), with to set or place Ps 16:8, 54:5 לא שׂמו אלהים לנגדם (cf. 86:14, ), 90:8; oft. in the phrase …לְנֶגֶד עֵינֵי , both lit., as Jb 4:16 תְּמוּנָה עֵינָ֑י לנ׳, Ps 5:6 עיניך לא יתיחבו הוללים לנ׳ (cf. 101:7); and in a moral sense, Ps 18:25 עיניו כְּבֹר ידי לנ׳, 26:3 עיני כי חסדך לנ׳ i.e. is ever present to my mind, 36:2 עיניו אין פחד אלהים לנ׳ i.e. he has no eye to discern God's awe-inspiring judgments (cf. 10:5); with לא אשׁית i.e. have in view, purpose (‖שׂנאתי) 101:3. c.מִנֶּגֶד (a) adv. off (מִן 1 c) the front, in front, opposite, ex adverso, Gn 21:16 ותשׁב להּ מנגד sat her down opposite, v:16, 2 K 2:7; Dt 28:66 והיו חייך תלואים לך מנגד shall be hung up for thee in front (i.e. suspended, as by a thread, in front of thee); Ju 9:17 וישׁלך נפשׁו מנגד and flung away his life in front or straight away (i.e. hazarded it); = some way off, from or at a distance, Nu 2:2, Dt 32:52 כי מִנֶּגֶד תראה את הארץ, 2 K 2:15 וַיִּרְאֻהוּ מנ׳ at a distance, 3:22, 4:25; aloof, 2 S 18:13 ואתה תתיחב מנגד, Ob 1:11 (b) as a prep. (a) from the front of, away from, Ct 6:5 הָסֵבִּי עֵינַיִךְ מִנֶּגְדִּי, 1 S 26:20 אל־יפֹל פני י׳ דמי ארחה מנ׳; מנגד עיני from before the eyes of, with verbs of removing Is 1:16, cutting off Ps 31:23, Jon 2:5, hiding Am 9:3, Je 16:17. (β) opposite to, Ne 3:19, 3:25, 3:27; at a distance from, Ps 10:5 מרום משׁפטיך מנגדו, 38:12 מנגד נגעי יעמדו. (γ) מִנֶּגֶד לְ from before, Pr 14:7, in front of Ju 20:34. d.עַד נֶגֶד as far as the front of, Ne 3:16, 3:26.

נָגִיד n.m. leader (lit. prob. one in front), ruler, prince;—abs. נ׳ 1 S 9:16 + 31 t.; cstr. נְגִיד (נְגִד) 2 K 20:5 + 6 t.; pl. נְגִידִים Jb 29:10 + 3 t.; נְגִידֵי 2 Ch 35:8; —ruler, prince Ps 76:13, Pr 28:16, Jb 29:10, 31:37 (in sim.). Esp.

1. of king of Isr.: of Saul עַל מָשַׁח לְנ׳ (+ acc. pers.), 1 S 9:16 (subj. proph.), cf. of Sol., subj. people, 1 Ch 29:22, 10:1 (subj. י׳); of David עַל חִוָּהוּ לְנ׳ 1 S 13:14, 25:30, עַל חִוָּהוּ נ׳ 2 S 6:21 (in these י׳ subj.), על היה לנ׳ 5:2, על היה נ׳ 7:8, 1 Ch 11:2, 17:7; cf. also 5:2, 2 Ch 6:5; of David also לְ׳ נָתַן נ׳ Is 55:4; of Sol. חִוָּה אֹתוֹ על לִהְיוֹת נ׳ 1 K 1:35 (י׳ subj.); of Jerob. על נתן נ׳ ( + acc. pers.) 1 K 14:7 (י׳ subj.); so 16:2 of Baasha; of Hezekiah עַָמִּי נְ׳ 2 K 20:5; הֶעֱמִיד בְּאֶחָיו לְנ׳ ( + acc. pers.) 2 Ch 11:22 (of Abijah, subj. Rehob.); of Judah 1 Ch 28:4.

2. of a foreign ruler or prince Ez 28:2, Dn 9:25, 9:26.

3. the title of some high official connected with the temple Je 20:1 (of Pashḥur) וְהוּא פָקִיד נָגִיד בבית י׳ and he was prince-overseer in, etc. (for פ׳ see 29:26); hence בית האלהים נ׳ 1 Ch 9:11, 2 Ch 31:13, 35:8 (three ה׳ נגידי ב׳, including the high-priest), Ne 11:11; of high-priest Dn 11:22 בְּרִית נ׳.

4. ruler in other capacities (late): of tribe 1 Ch 27:16, 2 Ch 19:11; of Koraḥites 9:20; of Aaronite warriors 12:27; of division of army 1 Ch 13:1 27:4, 2 Ch 11:11 (commandant of fortress), 32:21 (in Ass. army: ‖שַׂר); of temple-treasuries 1 Ch 26:24, cf. 2 Ch 31:12; הבית נ׳ 2 Ch 28:7 (i.e. of palace?).

5. princely thimgs, pl. abstr. Pr 8:6.

618

נָגַהּ vb. shine (Assyrian nagû, shine, beam, be joyful, Dl:HWB 446; Eth. nagha: Aram. ܢܓܰܗ; NH Targum נוֹגְהָא planet Venus)—Qal Pf. אוֹר ועל־דרכיך נ׳ Jb 22:28; עליהם אור נ׳ Is 9:1; Impf. ולא־יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Jb 18:5. Hiph. Impf.

1. enlighten ויהוה יַגִּיהַּ חָשְׁכִּי 2 S 22:29 = יהוה אלהי יַגִּהַּ הּשׁכי Ps 18:29.

2. cause to shine (of moon) וְיָרֵחַ לא־ :יַגִּיהַּ אוֹרוֹ Is 13:10 (‖חָשַׁך).

†I. נֹ֫גַהּ n.f.:Hb 3:4 brightness;—נ׳ abs. Am 5:10 +; cstr. Is 4:5 +; sf. נָגְהָם Jo 2:10, 4:15; —brightness of a (clear, sunshiny) day Am 5:10 (‖אוֹר; opp. אָפֵל, חשֶׁךְ), 2 S 23:4 (מִמָּטָר after rain); so fig. of Zion's dawning, זַרְחֵךְ נ׳ Is 60:3 (‖אוֹר); of her righteousness כַּנֹּגַהּ 62:1 (c. art. only here and Ez 1:28), ‖כְּלַפִּיד יִבְעָָר; of moon Is 60:19, of stars Jo 2:10, 4:15; of theophany 2 S 22:13 = Ps 18:13 (in storm); cf. Ez 1:4, 1:27, 1:28, כְּבוֹד י׳ נ׳ 10:4; כאור נ׳ Hb 3:4; לָאֵשׁ נ׳ Ez 1:13, אֵשׁ לֶהָבָה נ׳ Is 4:5; בְּרַק נ׳ חֲנִיתְֶָ Hb 3:11 (of glitter of י׳'s spear; ‖אוֹר חִצֶּיְ); of individ., לוֹ וְאֵין נ׳ Is 50:10 (fig. of distress ‖חֲשֵׁכִים); so וְאֹרַח חַדִּיקִים כְּאוֹר נ׳ Pr 4:18 the path of righteous men is like a light of brightness.

†II. נֹ֫גַהּ n.pr.m. a son of David acc. to 1 Ch 3:7, 14:6. LXX Ναγαι, Ναγεθ, etc.

†[נְגֹהָה] n.f. brightness; fig. of prosperity;—; pl. לִנְנֹהוֹת Is 59:9 (opp. אֲפֵלוֹת; ‖אוֹר).

נָגַח vb. push, thrust, gore (NH id.; Ar. نَجَحَ succeed, attain, make progress; Targum as BH);—Qal Impf. יִגַּח Ex 21:28, 21:31, 21:32 (E), יִגָָּח v:31; —; gore, subj. שׁוֹר, sq. acc. pers. Pi. Impf. יְנַגַּח Dt 33:17; 2 ms תְּנַגַּח 1 K 22:11, 2 Ch 18:10; תְּנַגְּחוּ Ez 34:21; נְנַגֵּחַ Ps 44:6; Pt. מְנַגֵּחַ Dn 8:4; —; push or thrust at, sq. acc.: of Joseph under fig. of wild ox Dt 33:17, cf. 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10, Ps 44:6 (‖בּוּס); v. also Ez 34:21 (of Isr. under fig. of sheep), cf. Dn 8:4 (of ram in vision; obj. not expr.). Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַגַּח עִמּוֹ מֶלֶךְ הַנֶּגֶב Dn 11:40 engage in thrusting with, wage war with.

נַגָּח adj. addicted to goring, pred. of שׁוֹר Ex 21:29, 21:36 (E), cf. Ba:NB 49.

נגל (√ of foll., meaning unknown; Ar. نَجَلَ is strike, split, pierce, but v. infr.).

מַגָּל n.[m.] sickle (Ar. مِنْجَلُ(yet poss. Aram. loan-word Frä:133), Aram. ܡܰܓܰܠܬܳܐ);—c. תָּפַשׂ handle, wield Je 50:16 (‖זָרַע); c. שָׁלַח Jo 4:13 fig. of judgement.

†[נָגַן] vb. touch (strings), play a stringed instrument (NH Pi.; Aram. נְגַן Pa.);—Qal Pt. נֹגְנִים Ps 68:26 players (‖שָׁרִים, עֲלָמוֹת תּוֹפֵפוֹת). Pi. Pf. וְנִגֵּן 1 S 16:16 (consec.), v:23; Impf. 1 pl. נְנַגֵּן Is 38:20; Inf. cstr. נַגֵּן 1 S 16:17 + 5 t.; Pt. מְנַגֵּן 1 S 16:16 + 4 t.;—play בַּכִנּוֹר 1 S 16:16; בְּיָדוֹ v:16, v:23 (כִּנּוֹר in context), 18:10, 19:9; c. acc. of cogn. Is 38:20; in sim. מֵטִב נַגֵּן Ez 33:32 (‖שִׁיר עֲגָבִים יְפֵה־קוֹל); אִישׁ מֵיטִיב לְנ׳ 1 S 16:17, cf. Ps 33:3, Is 23:16 (both ‖שִׁיר), יָדַע נ׳ 1 S 16:18; also 2 K 3:15; Pt. = player, minstrel (cf. Qal) 2 K 3:15, 3:15; cf. also אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ מְנַגֵּן בַכִנּוֹר 1 S 16:16 (Ges:§ 120 b).

†[נְגִינָה] n.f. music;—abs. נְגִינַת Ps 61:1 (v.infr.); sf. נְגִינָתִי Ps 77:7; נְגִינָתָם Jb 30:9 + 2 t.; pl. נְגִינוֹת Ps 4:1 + 6 t.; נְגִינָתַי Is 38:20; תָָי- Hb 3:19; —

1. music (of stringed instr.) acc. cogn. Is 38:20; as occupation La 5:14; esp. בִּנְגִינוֹת in Psalm-titles; Ps 4:1, 6:1, 54:1, 55:1, 67:1, 76:1; so Hb 3:19; cf. עַל־נְגִינַת Ps 61:1 (rd. perh. pl. Ges:§ 80 f.).

2. song (with string accomp.?) Ps 77:7; subject of mocking song Jb 30:9 (‖מִלָּה), Ps 69:13 (שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר נ׳), La 3:14 (‖שְׂחֹק).

†[מַנְגִּינָה] n.f. (mocking, derisive) song (cf. foreg.);—מַנְגִּינָתָם La 3:63, i.e. subject of their mocking song.

619

נָגַע :150 vb. touch, reach, strike (NH id.; Ar. نَجَعَ is agree with one (of food), produce effect ; Aram. נְגַע Ithpa. be struck (sc. w. leprosy), cf. Pi. infr.);—Qal Pf. נ׳ Gn 32:33 +; נָֽגְעָה Ju 20:41 +; 1 pl. sf. נְנַעֲנוְּ Gn 26:29; Impf. יִגַּע Lv 5:3 +; וַיִּגַּע Gn 32:26 +, etc.; Imv. גַּע Ps 144:5 + 2 t.; Inf. cstr. נְגֹעַ, לִנְגּוֹעַ Gn 20:6 + 3 t.; גַּ֫עַת 2 S 14:10, Ez 17:10; sf. נָגְעֵךְ Ru 2:9 etc.; Pt. act. נֹגֵעַ 1 K 19:5 +; נֹגְעִים Je 12:14; f. נֹגַ֫עַת Nu 19:22 + 2 t.; pl. נֹגְעֹת 1 K 6:27; pass. נָגוּעַ Ps 73:14, Is 53:4; —

1. a. touch, usu. sq. בְּ Gn 3:3 (J), 32:26, 32:33, Ex 19:12, 19:12, 19:13 (all E), 29:37, 30:20 (P), Lv 5:2, 5:3 + 25 t. Lv; Nu 16:26 + 7 t. Nu (P) + 19:22 (no בְּ or obj.), Dt 14:8, Ju 6:21, 2 S 23:7, 1 K 6:27, 6:27, 19:5, 19:7, 2 K 13:21, Est 5:2, Dn 8:5, 8:18, La 4:14; sq. אֶל־ Hg 2:12, Nu 4:15, 1 K 6:27, Dn 9:21, cf. Hosea 4:2; cf. עַל־פֶּה Is 6:7; עַל־שָׂפָה Dn 10:16; cf. acc. Is 52:11; absolute (no object expr.) Jb 6:7, La 4:15. b. of י׳ touching earth, mountains, etc., sq. בְּ Am 9:5, Ps 104:32, 144:5; fig. of י׳ touching the heart, sq. בְּ 1 S 10:26.

2. nearly = strike, pass. stricken, Ps 73:14, Is 53:4מֻכֶּה), of wind Jb 1:19, Ez 17:10; of divine chastisement 1 S 6:9, Jb 1:11, 19:21; sq. אֶל 2:5.

3. touch = harm, sq.. בְּ, Gn 26:11 (J), Jos 9:19, 2 S 14:10, 1 Ch 16:22הָרֵעַ) = Ps 105:15, Je 12:14, Zc 2:12, 2:12; sq.. אֶל־ Gn 20:6 (touch a woman), so Pr 6:29 (sq. בְּ); sq.. acc. Gn 26:29 (J, sf.), so Ru 2:9; v. also Jb 5:19 (subj. רַע, sq. בְּ), Ju 20:34, 20:41 (both subj. רָעָה, sq. עַל־).

4. reach, extend to, 2 S 5:8, sq. בְּ (but crpt. v. Dr HPS); in metaph., sq. עַד, of vine Is 16:8 Je 48:32; of sword Je 4:10, cf. v:18; of chastisement Mi 1:9, cf. Jb 4:5 (‖בּוֹא אֶל־); also (sq. אֶל) Je 51:9; = come, sq. אֶל־ Jon 3:6; arrive (of time), abs. Ezra 3:1, Ne 7:73.

Niph. Impf. וַיִּנָּֽנְעוּ Jos 8:15 be stricken, defeated (in battle), i.e. feign to be so, but read prob. וַיִּנָּֽגְפוּ, v. נגף Niph.

Pi. Pf. sf. נִגְּעוֹ 2 Ch 26:20 strike (with leprosy, 2 acc.), subj. י׳; so Impf. וַיְנַגַּע 2 K 15:5; Gn 12:17 (subj. י׳; acc. of pers. + acc. of cogn.).

Pu. Impf. יְנֻגָּעָוּ be sticken by diseases (?; cf. Pi. and נֶגַע 2. 3. esp. 2 S 7:14) Ps 73:5.

Hiph. Pf. הִגִּיעַ Is 25:12 + 6 t.; 2 fs. הִגַּ֫עַתְּ Est 4:14; 1 s. sf. וְהִגַּעְתִּ֫יהוּ Ez 13:14, etc.; Impf. יַגִּיעַ Is 8:8 + 3 t.; וַיַּגַּע Is 6:7, Je 1:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַגִּיעַ Est 2:12, 2:15; Pt. מַגִּיעַ Gn 28:12 +; f. מַגַּ֫עַת 2 Ch 3:11; —cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive: 1. cause to touch, apply, Ex 12:22) (JE; מִדָּם, אֶל־); cause to touch (cf. עַד עָפָר, לָאָרֶץ), i.e. bring to ground, Is 25:5, 25:12, cf. La 2:2, Ez 13:14 (sq. אֶל־), Ex 4:25 (J; sq. לְרַגְלָיו); sq. עַל־פֶּה Is 6:7, Je 1:9; sq. בְּ Is 5:8. 2. intr. reach, extend, Gn 28:12 (sq. הָ loc.); sq. אֶל־ Zc 14:5, sq. עַד Is 8:8; cf. תַּגּ׳ יָדוֹ דֵּי שֶׂה Lv 5:7 if his hand do not reach enough for a lamb (i.e. he be not able to furnish a lamb); sq. לְ Jb 20:6 (hyperb.) 2 Ch 3:11, 3:11, 3:12; sq. עַד לְ 28:9; attain, sq. לְ Est 4:14, arrive, come, sq. acc. loc. Is 30:4, Est 4:3, 8:17, sq. לְ (of time) Dn 12:12, sq. אֶל־ 1 S 14:9, sq. עַד־ Ps 107:18, abs. Est 6:14; sq. אֵחֶל Dn 8:7. 3. approach, of time, abs. Ec 12:1, Ct 2:12, Ez 7:12 (‖בּוֹא); v. also Est 9:1 (sq. Inf.), cf. 2:12, 2:15, Ps 88:4 (sq. לְ). 4. of fate or lot, = befal, sq. אֶל־ Est 9:26, Ec 8:14, 8:14, Ps 32:6.

נֶ֫גַע:78 n.m.:Gn 12:17 stroke, plague, mark, plague-spot;—נ׳ absolute Ex 11:1 +, נָ֑גַע Lv 13:13 +; cstr. Dt 24:8 +; sf. נִגְעִי Ps 38:12; נִגְעְֶָ 39:11; נִגְעוֹ Lv 13:44, 2 Ch 6:29; pl. נְגָעִים Gn 12:17, Ps 89:33; cstr. נִגְעִי 2 S 7:14; —

1. stroke, wound, inflicted by man on man Dt 17:8, 21:5 (‖רִיב, Pr 6:33.

2. stroke, metaph., esp. of a disease, regarded as sent by a divine chastisement, Gn 12:17 (J), Ex 11:1 (E), 2 S 7:14 (בְנֵי אָדָם נ׳, ‖שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים, i.e. customary, ordinary), 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28 (both ‖מַחֲלָה); 1 K 8:38 (לְבָבוֹ נ׳ = 2 Ch 6:29 (נִגְעוֹ); Ps 91:10 (‖רָעָה); of Israel 38:12, 39:11 (‖תִּגְרַת יָֽדְְ), 89:33 (‖שֵׁכֶט); v. also Is 53:8 (of suffering servant of י׳, נֶגַע לָָמוֹ).

3. mark (60 t. Lv 13, 14), indeterm. Lv 13:5, 13:6 (מִסְפַּחַת), v:17; v:29; v:30; v:32; v:43; v:44; of leprosy, regarded as the heavy touch or stroke of a disease, חָרַ֫עַת נ׳ Lv 13:2 +; v:51 (חָרַעַת מַמְאֶרֶת הַנּ׳), v:59, 14:3, 14:32, 14:54, Dt 24:8; also הַנֶּתֶק נ׳ Lv 13:31; לָבָן אֲדַמְדָּם נ׳ v:42; identif. with person having it 13:4, 13:12, 13:13, 13:17, 13:31; in garment, etc. v:47 + 15 t. Lv 13 ; in house 14:34, 14:35, 14:36, 14:43, 14:44, 14:48, 14:48; i.e. house-wall v:37, v:37, v:39; in stones of wall v:40; = garment, etc., with plague-spot 13:50.

נָגַף vb. strike, smite (Aramaic ); -Qal Pf. נ׳ 2 Ch 13:15, Is 19:22 (וְ consec.); sf. נְגָפוֹ 2 Ch 21:18, etc.; Impf. יִגֹּף Ex 21:35 + 2 t.; וַיִּגֹּף Ex 32:35 + 4 t.; אֶגּוֹף Ps 89:24 +, etc.; Inf. abs. נָנֹף Is 19:22; cstr. לִנְגֹּף Ex 12:23, 12:23; נָגְפוֹ v:27; —strike, smite, of serious (even fatal) injury, cf. acc. pers. Ex 21:22, 21:35 (E); one's foot against (בְּ) stone Ps 91:12; abs. (stumble) Pr 3:23; esp. of judgment, subj. י׳, obj. individ. (fatal stroke) 1 S 25:38, 26:10, 2 S 12:15, 2 Ch 13:20, 21:18 (לָחֳלִי); obj. people (abs.) Ex 12:23, 12:23, 12:27 (JE), 32:35, Jos 24:5 (E), Is 19:22, cf. v:22; v. also Ps 89:24; cf. c. acc. of cogn. מַגֵּפָה Zc 14:12, 14:18, 2 Ch 21:14 (sq. also בְּעַמְְּ); c. בְּ instr. Ex 7:27; of causing defeat in battle, cf. acc. + לִפְנֵי Ju 20:35, 1 S 4:3, 2 Ch 13:15, 14:11.

Niph. Pf. נִגַּף 2 S 10:15; נִגְּפוּ v:19 + 2 t., etc.; Impf. יִנָּגֵף 2 Ch 6:24; וַיִּנָּגֵף 1 S 4:2 + 4 t.; Inf. abs. נִגּוֹף Ju 20:39; cstr. הִנָּגֵף 1 K 8:33; Pt. נִגָּף Dt 28:25, Ju 20:39, etc.;—be smitten, bef. enemy, in battle, sq. לִפְנֵי Ju 20:32, 20:39, 20:39, 1 S 4:2, 7:10, 2 S 10:15, 10:19, 18:7, 1 K 8:33, 2 K 14:12, 1 Ch 19:16, 19:19, 2 Ch 6:24, 25:22, Lv 26:17, Nu 14:42, Dt 1:42; abs. Ju 20:36, 1 S 4:10, 2 S 2:17, 2 Ch 20:22; Pt. after נָתַן, sq. לִפְנֵי Dt 28:7, 28:25. Vid. נָגַע Niph.

Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַגְּפוּ Je 13:16 = stumble, subj. רַגְלֵיכֶם, sq. על (loc.); cf. Qal (Ps 91:12) and נֶגֶף 2.

620

נֶ֫גֶף n.m.:Ex 12:13 blow, striking (as judgment, only P);—נ׳ abs. Ex 12:13 + 6 t.;—

1. fatal blow, plague, Ex 12:13 (death of first-born); 30:12, Nu 8:19 (indef.); = pestilence Nu 17:11, 17:12, Jos 22:17.

2. striking, אֶבֶן נ׳ Is 8:14 i.e. against which the foot strikes and so stumbles (‖חוּר מִכְשׁוֹל).

מַגֵּפָה n.f. blow, slaughter, plague, pestilence;—מ׳ abs. Nu 14:37 + 23 t.; cstr. מַגֵּפַת Zc 14:15; pl. sf. מַגֵּפֹתַי Ex 9:14; —

1. blow, = fatal stroke Ez 24:16; in divine judgment (plague) Ex 9:14 (J).

2. slaughter in battle, 1 S 4:17, 2 S 17:9, 18:7.

3. plague, pestilence (divine judgment), of tumours on Philistines 1 S 6:4; against Isr Nu 14:37, 17:13, 17:14, 17:15, 25:8, 25:9, 25:18, 25:19, 31:16, 2 S 24:21, 24:25 (ins. also v:15 LXX Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu), 1 Ch 21:22, Ps 106:29, 106:30, specif. disease of bowels 2 Ch 21:14; מ׳ = infected people 1 Ch 21:17; wasting of flesh, eyes and tongue, of hostile peoples Zc 14:12, 14:18; attacking beasts v:15, v:15.

† [נָגַר vb. pour, flow, run (Aram. ܢܓܰܪ be long (of time), Aph. prolong, potract; נְגַר endure, flow, stream);—Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִגְּרָה Ps 77:3, La 3:49; Pt. pl. נִגָּרִים 2 S 14:14; נִגָּרוֹת Jb 20:28; —

1. be poured, spilt, 2 S 14:14 (כַּמַּיִם מֻגָּרִים אַרְחָה in sim. of mortality).

2. pour oneself, flow, trickle, of eye (in tears) La 3:49.

3. fig. vanish, Jb 20:28 (‖גָּלָה).

4. be stretched out (?) לַיְלָה נִגְּרָה Ps 77:3 (or rd. עֵינִי ?). Hiph. Pf. וְהִגַּרְתִּ֫י Mi 1:6; Impf. וַיַּגֵּר Ps 75:9; וַתַּגֵּר Ez 35:5; יַגִּירֻ֫הוּ Ps 63:11; Imv. sf. הַגִּרֵם Je 18:21; —pour down, hurl down the stones of Samaria, subj. י׳ Mi 1:6; pour out, fig. of י׳'s wine-cup, Ps 75:9; sq. עַל־יְדֵי חֶ֫רֶב = deliver over to Je 18:21, Ps 63:11, Ez 35:5. Hoph. Pt. כְּמַיִם מֻגָּרִים בְּמוֹרָד Mi 1:4 (in sim., of mountains melting at theophany.

† [נָגַשׂ vb. press, drive, oppress, exact (Assyrian nagâšu, throw down, overthrow, Dl:HWB 448; Ar. نَجَشَ rouse and drive game, drive vehemently; Eth. nag3a: reign, wield power, ngu3: king);—Qal Pf. נ׳ 2 K 23:25; Impf. יִגּשֹׁ Dt 15:2; 2 ms. תִּגּשֹׁ Dt 15:3; 2 mpl. תִּנְגּ֑שֹׁוּ Is 58:3; —Pt. נֹגֵשׂ Is 9:3 +, etc.;—

1. press, drive to work (obj. עַצְּבֵיכֶם your workmen), Is 58:3 (Ges:Comm., De Di Du; exact [changing ע׳, q.v.] Che, etc.); v. 3. 2. exact c. acc. כֶּסֶף, 2 K 23:35; sq. acc. of pers. only Dt 15:2, 15:13. 3. Pt. (= subst.) driver, task-master Ex 3:7, 5:6, 5:10, 5:13, 5:14, Jb 3:18; (ass-) driver Jb 39:7; of (arbitrary) ruler Is 3:12, ruler (good sense) Zc 10:4; = foreign oppressor, tyrant Is 9:3 (c. בְּ) 14:2, 14:4, Zc 9:8; exactor of tribute, Dn 11:20; pl. abstr. lordship = lord, ruler, fig. of חְדָקָה (personif.) Is 60:17 (‖פְּקֻדָּתֵךְ שָׁלוֹם). Niph. Pf. נִגַּשׂ 1 S 13:6 + 2 t. + Is 3:5 (וְ consec.);—hard pressed by enemy 1 S 13:6, and so 14:24 (but om. by emend., after LXX, Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS); treated harshly, of suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:7; recipr. tyrannize over (ב׳) each other Is 35.

[נָגַשׁ]:125 vb. draw near, approach, less freq. syn. of קרב q.v. (NH id. Hiph. (rare) and deriv.);—Qal:68 Impf. יִגַּשׁ Ex 24:14 +, יִגָּ֑שׁ Ps 91:7, וַיִּגַּשׁ Gn 18:23 +; 3 fs. וַתִּגַּשׁ Gn 33:7; 2 ms. תִּגַּשׁ־ Is 65:5; 3 mpl. יִגְּשׁוּ Is 41:1 +, יִגָּ֑שׁוּ Ex 24:2, יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Jb 41:8 (Baer; van d. H. יִנָּ֑שׁוּ); 3 fpl. וַתִּגַּשְׁןָ Gn 33:6, etc.; Imv. גַּשׁ 2 S 1:15, גֶּשׁ־ Gn 19:9, גְּשָׁה Gn 27:21 + 2 t.; fs. גְּשִׁי; Ru 2:14, etc.; Inf. cstr. לָגֶ֫שֶׁת Ju 20:23 +; sf. גִּשְׁתּוֹ Gn 33:3; גִּשְׁתָּם Ex 28:43 + 2 t.;—draw or come near, 1. human subj.: sq. אֶל־ pers. Gn 27:22, 43:19, 44:18, 45:4 (all J), Ex 19:15 (of sexual intercourse), 24:2, Nu 32:16, Jos 14:6 (all E), Ex 34:30, Jos 21:1 (P), + 10 t. elsewhere (not D), + Ps 91:7 (subj. pestilence personif.); of priestly approach to י׳ Ez 44:13, cf. Je 30:21b, also sq. אֶל־ of altar Ex 28:43, 30:20, Lv 21:23 and abs., v:2l (all P or H); sq. אֶל־ rei also Nu 8:16; sq. עַד־ pers. Gn 33:3 (J), rei Ju 9:52; sq. עַל־ pers. Ez 9:6, rei 44:13; sq. בְּ pers. Is 65:5 (‖קָרַב אֶל־); in Am 9:10 rd. תִּגַּשׁ בַעֲדֵנוּ (for MT תַּגִּישׁ Hiph. cf. We GASm Dr Now; ‖קִדֵּם); sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה draw near for battle Ju 20:23, Je 46:3, 2 S 10:13 = 1 Ch 19:14 (+ לִפְנֵי pers.); sq. acc. of pers. 1 S 9:18, 30:21, rei Nu 4:19 (P), but acc. difficult; Dr rds. אֶל־ for אֶת־ 1 S 9:18, Nu 4:19, cf. Klo HPS; in 1 S 30:21 Dr takes אֶת־ = with; sq. הֲלוֹם hither, 1 S 14:38, Ru 2:14; abs. Gn 18:23, 27:21, 29:10, 33:6, 33:7, 45:4 (all J), Ex 24:2 (E), Jos 8:11 (E; + ויבאו), + 9 t. (not P, D),+ Gn 27:26, 27:27 (E), Jos 3:9 (J), 2 S 1:15, 2 Ch 29:31 (all Imv. sq. 2nd Imv.), + Gn 19:9 (J), Lv 21:21, 21:21 (H), 2 K 4:27 (all sq. Inf. purpose); Note esp. גֶּשׁ־הָ֫לְאָה Gn 19:9 lit approach thither! i.e. move away ! cf. גְּשָׁה־לִי וְאֵשָׁבָה Is 46:20 move away for me (make room for me that I may dwell (‖חַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם ). 2. inanim. subj. בְּאֶחָד יִגַּ֫שׁוּ אֶחָד Jb 41:8 one to another they approach (fit closely together; of scales of crocodile ).—Qal not in D.

Niph. Pf. נִגַּשׁ Gn 33:7 +; 3 fs. וְנִגְּשָׁה Dt 25:9; 3 mpl. נִגְּשׁוּ Ex 34:32 +; נִגַּשְׁתֶּם 2 S 11:20, 11:21; Pt. pl. נִגָּשִׁים Ex 19:22; —draw near = Qal (and substit. for it in D):—sq. אֶל־ pers. Dt 25:9, 1 K 20:13, Ezr 9:1, of priestly approach to Yahweh Ex 19:22 (J), Je 30:21; sq. אֶל־ rei Ex 20:21, 24:2 (both E), 2 S 11:20, 11:21, אֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּט Dt 25:1; sq. בְּ pers. Am 9:13; sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה 1 S 7:10; abs. Gn 33:7 (J), Dt 20:2 (‖קרב), 21:5, Ex 34:32 (P), so fig. of worship Is 29:13.

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְהִגִּישׁוֹ Ex 21:6, 21:6, וְהִגִּישָׁהּ Lv 2:8; 3 pl. הִגִּ֫ישׁוּ 2 S 17:29; 2 mpl. הִגַּשְׁתֶּם Am 5:25; Impf. juss. יַגֵּשׁJb 40:19; וַיַגֶּשׁ־ Gn 27:25; וַיַּגַָּשׁ Ju 6:19; 3 fs. תַּגִּישׁ Am 9:10, וַתַּגֵּשׁ 1 S 28:25, 2 S 13:11; 3 mpl. יַגִּ֫ישׁוּ Is 41:22; 2 mpl. תַּגִּ֫ישׁוּ Mal 1:8, תַּגִּישׁוּן v:8, וַתַּגִּישׁוּן Am 6:3, etc.; Imv. ms. הַגִּ֫ישָׁה Gn 27:25 +; mpl. הַגִּ֫ישׁוּ 1 S 13:9 +; Pt. מַגִּישׁ Mal 2:12; pl. cstr. מַגִּישֵׁי Mal 3:3, etc.;—cause to approach, bring near, bring, sq. אֶל־ pers. (usu. obj. acc. rei, rarely pers. Ex 21:6, 21:6, 1 S 15:32, Gn 48:10 cf.v:13):—Gn 48:10, 48:13 (E), Ex 21:6, 21:6 (E), 1 S 13:9, 14:34, 15:32, 2 S 13:11 (+ Inf. purpose), 2 K 4:5, 4:6; sq. אֶל־הַמִּוְבֵּךְַ Lv 2:8 (P; of sacrifice); עַל־זְבְּחִי Mal 1:7 (sacrif.); לְ pers. Gn 27:25, 27:25 (E), 1 S 30:7, 2 S 17:29 (rd. וַיַּגִּישׁוּ LXX Th We Klo Kit, cf. Dr), of sacrifice Am 5:25, Mal 2:12, 3:3; לִפְנֵי pers. 1 S 28:25, 2 Ch 29:23; no prep. Ex 32:6 (J), 1 S 14:18, 14:34, 23:9, 30:7, Ju 6:19 (foll. הוחיא אֶל־), Am 6:3, 1 K 5:1, Lv 8:14 (P), of sacrif. also Mal 1:8 (לִזְבֹּחַ), v:8 (‖הקריב); fig. (obj. proofs, evidences) Is 41:21 (‖קרב), v:22 (+ וַיַּגִּידוּ), cf. 45:21 (‖הַגִּידוּ); הָעשֹׁוֹ יַגֵּשׁ חַרְבּוֹ Jb 40:19 let him that made him (the hippot.) draw near his sword, is dub.; Du נֹגֵשׂ חֲבֵרָו [י]הֶעָשׂוּ wh. is made ruler of its fellows (other conject. v. Di Bu); Am 9:10 rd. תִּגַּשׁ Qal q. v.). † Hoph. Pf. 3 mpl. לאֹ־לִנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם הֻגַָּשׁוּ 2 S 3:34 (Ginsb הֻגָּ֫שׁוּ thy feet have not been brought near (put into) fetters; Pt מֻגָּשׁ לשׁמי Mal 1:11 it (impers.) is offered to my name.Hithp. Imv. mpl. הִתְנַגְּשׁוּ Is 45:20 draw near! (‖הִקָּֽבְחוּ יָבֹאוּ).

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נֵד v. II. נדד. נֹד v. נוד. p. 622, 627

†[נָדָא] vb. drive away, thrust aside (‖ form of נדה, q.v., or text. err.; Eth. nad0a: drive cattle, etc.);—only Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ …וידא 2 K 17:21 Kt (Qr וַיַדַּחנדח Hiph.). p. 622

נָדַב vb. incite, impel (NH id.; Ar. نَدَبَ call impel, incite (نَدُبَ be noble, willing, generous is denom. fr. [نَدْبُ cf.] נָדִיב acc. to Ba:NB § 125 e); VIII. ندب ready, willing;As nidbu, freewill-offering Dl:HWB 448; Aram. נְדַב be willing Pa. Ithpa.; Zinj. נדב inciting, instigation DHM:Sendsch. 60);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָדַב Ex 35:29; 3 fs. נָֽדְבָה v:21; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִדְּבֶנּוּ 25:2; —אֲשֶׁר נָדַב לִבּוֹ 25:2 whose heart incited cf. 35:29; subj. רוּחַ 35:21 (all P). Hithp. Pf. 1 s. הִתְנַדַּבְתִּי 1 Ch 29:27; 3 mpl. הִתְנַדְּבוּ Ezr 2:68, 1 Ch 29:9; Impf. 3 mpl. יִתְנַדְּבוּ v:6; Inf. הִתְנַדֵּב Ju 5:2 + 2 t.; הִתְנַדֶּב־ 1 Ch 29:17; sf הִתְנַדְּבָם v:9; Pt. מִתְנַדֵּב Ezr 3:5 + 2.t.; pl. מִתְנַדְּבִים Ju 5:9, Ne 11:2; —

1. volunteer for war Ju 5:2, 5:9; for service of other kinds 2 Ch 17:16, Ne 11:2.

2. offer freewill-offerings for the first temple 1 Ch 29:5, 29:6, 29:9, 29:9, 29:14, 29:17, 29:17; for the second Ezr 1:4, 2:68, 3:5 (cf. BAram.).

נָדָב n.pr.m. (generous, noble)

1. eldest son of Aaron Ex 6:23, 24:1, 24:9, 28:1, Lv 10:1, Nu 3:2, 3:4, 26:60, 26:61, 1 Ch 5:29, 24:1. LXX Ναδαβ (so 3, 4).

2. son of Jeroboam I 1 K 14:20, 15:25, 15:27, 15:31. LXX Ναβατ, Ναβαθ, LXXL Ναδαβ.

3. a Jerahmeelite 1 Ch 2:28, 2:30.

4. a Gibeonite 1 Ch 8:30, 9:36.

נְדָבָה n.f. voluntariness, freewill-offering;—abs. נ׳ Ex 35:29 + 14 t.; cstr. נִדְבַת Dt 16:10; pl. נְדָבוֹת Am 4:5, Ps 68:10; נְדָבֹת 110:3; cstr. נִדְבוֹת 119:108, 2 Ch 31:14; sf. נִדְבֹתֶ֫יְ Dt 12:7 + 4 t. sfs.;—

1.voluntariness אֹהֲבֵם נְדָבָה Ho 14:5 I (י׳) will love them freely; עַמְְּ נְדָבֹת בְּיוֹם חֵילְֶָ Ps 110:3 thy people will be (all) voluntariness in the day of thy host (be ready to volunteer, v. Br:MP 133); גֶּשֶׁם נדבות 68:10 generous (copious) rain; בנדבה 54:8 voluntarily, and adverb. acc. נדבה Dt 23:24 (v. Dr.).

2. freewill, voluntary, offering: a. incl. gifts used in erection and furnishing of tabernacle Ex 35:29, 36:3 (P); for first temple 2 Ch 31:14, second Ezr 1:6, 8:28. b. incl. עולה and שׁלמים Ez not found46:42; prob. also Am 4:5, נדבות פִי Ps 119:108. c. usu. a זֶבַח for festival meals at Passover 2 Ch 35:8, Pentecost Dt 16:10, Tabernacles Ezr 3:5 (besides the ritual offerings); disting. from נֶדֶר votive offering Lv 7:16, Nu 15:3, 29:39 (P), Lv 22:18, 22:21, 22:23, 23:38 (H), Dt 12:6, 12:17.—(Verbs used are הביא נ׳ Ex 35:29, 36:3; הקריב נ׳Lv 22:18; עשׂה נ׳ Nu 15:3, Ez 46:12; נתן נ׳ Lv 23:38, Dt 16:10.)

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נָדִיב adj. and n.m.:Is 32:8 inclined, generous, noble;—abs. נ׳ Is 32:5 + 6 t.; cstr. נְדִיב Ex 35:5 + 2 t.; f. נְדִיבָה Ps 51:4; pl. נְדִיבִים Is 13:2 + 9 t.; cstr. נְדִיבֵי Nu 21:18 + 2 t.; sf. נְדִיבֵמוֹ Ps 83:12; —

1. incited, inclined, willing, נְדִיב לֵב Ex 35:5, 35:22 (P), 1 Ch 29:31 (v. נָדַב Qal), נָדִיב בְחָכְמָה 28:21; רוּחַ נְדִיבָה Ps 51:14 a willing spirit.

2. noble, princely, in rank 1 S 2:8 (poem), Jb 12:21 = Ps 107:40, Jb 34:18, Pr 8:16, Ps 47:10, 83:12, 113:8, 113:8, 118:9, 146:3; פְּנֵי נדיב Pr 19:6, 25:7; בית נ׳ Jb 21:28; פתחי נ׳ Is 13:2; בת נ׳ Ct 7:2; נְדִיבֵי הָעָם Nu 21:18 (poem).

3. noble in mind and character ‖חדּיק Pr 17:26; opp. נָבָל Is 32:5, 32:8.

†[נְדִיבָה] n.f. nobility, nobleness;—sf. נְדִבָתִי Jb 30:15; pl. נְדִיבוֹת Is 32:8, 32:8; —

1. nobility of rank, honour Jb 30:15.

2. pl. = noble things as counselled by the נדיב in character Is 32:8, 32:8.

נוֹדָָב n. pr. gent. Arab tribe acc. to 1 Ch 5:19 (+ יְטוּר, נָפִישׁ q.v. Gn 25:15 1 Ch 1:31); LXX Ναδαβαιων. (Connex. with above √ quite uncertain.)

נְדַבְיָה n.pr.m. (whom Yah impels; in As. Na-ad-bi-ia-a-u Jäger:BAS i. 468);—son of Jeconiah 1 Ch 3:18. LXX Δενεθει, LXXL Ναδαβια.

†I. [נָדַד] vb. retreat, flee, depart, stray, wander, flutter (NH id.; Ar. نَدَّ flee, run away; Aram. ܢܰܕ hate, abominate, shrink from, Aph. put to flight, etc.; נְדַד flee );—Qal Pf. 3 fs. נָֽדְדָה Is 10:31, Est 6:1; 3 pl. נָֽדְדוּ Ho 7:13 + 4 t., נָדָָדוּ Is 21:15, Je 4:25; Impf. יִדּוֹד Na 3:7; 3 fs. וַתִּדֹּד Gn 31:40; 3 mpl. יִדֹּדוּן Ps 68:13, 68:13; Inf. cstr. נְדֹד Ps 55:8; Pt. נֹדֵד Je 49:5 +; f. נוֹדֶ֫דֶת Pr 27:8; pl. נֹדְדִים Ho 9:17; —

1. retreat, flee Is 21:15 fr. before (מִפְּנֵי) swords; 33:3 at the sound (מִקּוֹל) of tumult; abs. 10:31, 22:3 Ps 68:13, 68:13, of birds and beasts Je 4:25 9:9 (+ הָלָָכוּ); pt.= fugitive Is 16:3, 21:14; of fleeing in horror, disgust, c. מִן pers. Na 3:7, Ps 31:12.

2. flee, depart, Isr. fr. (מִן) י׳ Ho 7:13; of sleep (מֵעֵינַי) Gn 31:40 (E), abs. Est 6:1.

3. wander, stray (homeless, cf. נוד), עוֹף נוֹדֵד Is 16:2 (in sim.), so Pr 27:8 (מִן loc., in sim.), cf. v:8 (מִן loc.); of scattered Isr. Ho 9:17, Je 49:5; (searching) for food Jb 15:23 (wicked man); אַרְתִיק נְדֹד Ps 55:8 I will wander afar.

4. trans. flutter wings (of bird, in fig.) Is 10:14. Po‘ēl Pf. consec. שֶׁמֶשׁ זָֽרְחָה וְנֹדַ֔ד Na 3:17 the sun hath arisen and it ( the locust swarm) fleeth away. Hiph. chase away, Impf. 3 mpl. sf. וּמִתֵּבֵל יְנִדָֻּהוּ Jb 18:18 (of wicked, ‖יֶהְדְּפֻהוּ מֵאוֹר). Hoph. be chased away, Impf. 3 ms. וְיֻדַּד כְּחֶזְיוֹן Jb 20:8 (of wicked); קוֹץ מֻנַָד 2 S 23:6 thorns thrust away (si vera l., cf. Dr.; Klo Bu HPS מִדְבָּר ק׳). Hithpoïl. Impf. יִתְנוֹדְדוּ Ps 64:9 flee away (in horror, disgust, cf. Qal Na 3:7, Ps 31:12).

†[נְדוּד] n.[m.] tossing of sleeplessness, only pl. נְדֻדִים Jb 7:4 I am sated with tossings.

נִדָּה n.f. impurity (as abhorrent, shunned);—abs. נ׳ Ez 18:6 +; cstr. נִדַּת Lv 12:2 +; sf. נִדָּתָהּ v:5 +;—impurity (esp. P and Ezek.):

1. of ceremonial impurity, as union with brother's wife, Lv 20:21; esp. of menstruation Ez 18:6 (rd. אִשָּׁה בְּנִדָּתָהּ for MT נִדָּה א׳ SyrVer Co), טְמֵאַת הַנּ׳ 22:10, cf. 36:17, נִדַּת דְּוֹתָהּ Lv 12:2, cf. v:5, 15:19, 15:20, 15:24, 15:25 (עֶת־נִדּ׳), v:25, v:25, v:26 (מִשְׁכַּב נִדּ׳), v:26 (טֻמְאַת נִדּ׳), v:33, 18:19; of defilement contracted by contact with a corpse, נִּדָּה(הַ)מֵי water of impurity (i.e. to remove it, cf. Di) Nu 19:9, 19:13, 19:20, 19:21, 19:21, 31:23.

2. fig. (with allusion to cerem. usage), impure thing, Ez 7:19, 7:20 (of gold), La 1:17 (of Jerus.); of idolatry, immorality, etc., 2 Ch 29:5, Ezr 9:11 (אֶרֶץ נִדָּה), v:11, Zc 13:1 (לְחַטַּאת וּלְנִדָּה).

נִידָה n.f. id. (on form cf. Ges:§ 20, 3, R. 1 Kö:ii. 1, 497);—of Jerusalem La 1:8 (= נִדָּה v:17).

II. נדד (√ of foll., v. Kö:ii. 1, 42; cf. Ar. نَدُّ high hill, hill rising high into the sky, Lane:2778; also earth-heap, sand-heap).

נֵד n.m.:Jos 3:13 heap of waters; of Red Sea Ex 15:8 (song), Ps 78:13; of Jordan Jos 3:13, 3:16, Ps 33:7 (sim.). נֵד קָחִיר Is 17:11 harvest-heap is perhaps corrupt: Ges Ew Di Du der. from נוד, reading (probably) נָד (Di) fled is the harvest; Che:Hpt proposes לָכֵן therefore; Buhl:Lex 13 עַד, after LXX Targum.

†I. [נָדָה] vb. Pi. put away, exclude (NH Pi. (excommunicate) Hithp. Niph.; As.naduû, throw, overthrow, destroy, etc., Dl:HWB 448 f.);—Pi. Pt. הַמְַנַדִּים לְיוֹם רַע Am 6:3 they that thrust off the evil day (i.e. refuse to think of it); lit. מְנַדֵּיכֶם Is 66:5 thrust away, exclude from association in worship (on usage v. Che).

II. נדה (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. نَدِيَ be moist, moistened, and also betide, befal; نَدَي rain, dew, and also bounty, liberality, a gift, Lane: 3030).

נֶ֑דֶה (so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. נֵ֑דֶה), n.m. gift (on format. cf. Ges:§ 84a c Ol:§ 144a Kö:ii.1, 65 Ba:NB § 12a);—לְכָל־זֹנוֹת יִתְּנוּ־נֶ֑דֶה Ez 16:33 (‖נְדָבִים).

623

†[נָדַח] vb. impel, thrust, banish (esp. Dt. Je. and later) (NH id., beguile, Hiph, Niph.; Aram. נְדַח (rare) = BH; Eth. nadh.a:; thrust; Ar. نَدَخَ is drive a ship to shore);—Qal Impf. יִדַּח 2 S 14:14; Inf. לִנְדֹּחַ Dt 20:19; —trans.

1. impel (i.e. wield) an axe, sq. עַל־ Dt 20:19;

2. thrust away, banish sq. מִן־ 2 S 14:14. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִדְּחָה Jb 6:13, etc.; (Impf. יִדַּ֫חוּ Je 23:12 v. דחח); Pt. נִדָּח 2 S 14:14; נִדָּחָה Mi 4:6 + 2 t.; נִדַּ֫חַת Ez 34:4, 34:16, etc. On נִדְחֵי Is 11:12 56:8, Ps 147:2 v. Ki Kö:i. 317;—1. be impelled: וְנִדְּחָה יָרוֹ בַּגַּרְוֶן be impelled with the axe Dt 19:5. 2. be thrust out, banished: of dispersion in exile, sq. שָׁם Je 40:12, 43:5 (‖שׁוּב); sq. לִפְנֵי 49:5 (‖קִבֵּץ); cf. also fig. תֻּשִׁיָּה נִדְּחָה מִמֶּנִּי Jb 6:13 is banished from me, i.e. is non-existent; esp. Pt. banished one(s), outcast(s), as acc. cogn. c. נָדַח2 S 14:14; c. קִבֵּץMi 4:6, Dt 30:4, Zp 3:19, Ne 1:9; יִשִׂרָאֵל נ׳, c. אָסַף Is 11:12 (‖נְפֻחוֹת יְקַבֵּץ); c. קִבֵּץ 56:8; c. כִּנֵּס Ps 147:2; c. הֵשִׁיב 2 S 14:13, Ez 34:4, 34:16 (both ‖אֹבֵד); c. בּוֹא Is 27:13 (‖ id.); v. also Is 16:3, 16:4, Je 49:36; outcast = neglected one, fig. of Zion 30:17 (‖דֹּרֵשׁ אֵין לָהּ).

3. driven away (from herd, i.e.) straying Dt 22:1.

4. thrust away, aside from י׳ to idiolatry Dt 4:19, 30:17 (sq. וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוָה).

Pu. Pt. אֲקֵלָה מְנֻדָּח Is 8:22 thrust into darkness.

Hiph. Pf. וְהִדִּיחַ consec. 2 S 15:14; הִדַּ֫חְתִּי Je 23:3 29:14, etc.; Impf. sf. וַיַּדַּח 2 Ch 21:11 + 2 K 17:21 Qr; וַיַּדִּ֫יחוּ Dt 13:14, etc.; Imv. sf. הַדִּיחֵ֫מוֹ Ps 5:11; Inf. הַדִּיחַ 62:5, etc.;—1. thrust, move, impel, fig., obj. רָעָה 2 S 15:14 (sq. עַל־. 2. thrust out, banish, esp. of exile, subj. י׳, c. acc. sq. שָׁ֫מָּה Dt 30:1, Je 46:28; 16:15 (‖הֶעֱלָה); sq. שָׁם Je 8:3, 24:9, 29:18, Dn 9:7 + Ez 4:13 (om. LXX Co); Je 23:3 (‖קִבֵּץ), v:8 (‖הֶעֱלָה, הֵבִיא) 29:14 (‖קִבֵּץ, הֵשֹׁיב), so 32:37; also 27:10 (‖הַרְחִיק), v:15 (‖אָבַד), cf. 23:2 (Judah under fig. of flock, subj. evil shepherd, ‖הֵפִיץ), 50:17 (Isr. as sheep, subj. enemies as lions); of driving out priests 2 Ch 13:9; invader Jo 2:20 (sq. אֶל־); wicked Ps 5:11 (‖הַאֲשִׁימֵם); good man from his eminence Ps 62:5 (sq. מִן). 3. thrust away, aside, from י׳ to idolatry, c. acc., Dt 13:14; sq. מִן־הַדֶּרֶח v:6; מֵעַל י׳ v:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ 2 K 17:21 Qr (Kt v. נדא); cf. 2 Ch 21:11 (‖הִזְנָה). 4. compel, force, subj. adulteress (by flattery), sq. acc. Pr 7:21 (‖הִטָּה).

Hoph. Pt. מֻדָּח chased, hunted, חְבִי מ׳ Is 13:14, sim. of fugitive Babylonians.

† [מַדּוּחַ] n.[m.] a thing to draw aside, enticement (cf. √ Hiph. 3, 4);—pl. מַדּוּחִם La 2:14, וִיֶּחֲזוּ לָח מַשְַׂאוֹת שָׁוְא וּמ׳ (cf. ‖שָׁוְא וְתָפֵל v:a).

† I. [נָדָן, נֶ֫דֶן, נֹ֫דֶן] n.[m.] gift (prob. As. loan-word, cf. As. nudnu, dowry Dl:HWB 451, √ nadânu = נתן, Dl:Baer Ezech.xiv);—נְדָנַיִךְ Ez 16:23, of bribe from harlot (‖נֶ֑דֶה), metaph. of Jerusalem.

†II. [נָדָן] n.[m.] sheath (NH id.; Aram. נִדְנָא (Targum Talm.); Pers. loan-word Nö:GGA, 1884, 1022);—:וַיָּשֶׁב חַדְבּוֹ אֶל־נְדָנָהּ 1 Ch 21:27.

† [נָדַף] vb. drive, drive asunder ( NH id., spread, be diffused, disseminated (of odour); Ar. نَدَفَ strike, beat, esp. bow-string with mallet, to clean cotton; also play the lyre; Aram. נְדַף = NH; Eth. nadafa: throw, hurl);—Qal Impf. sf. יִדְּפֶנּוּ Jb 32:13 (juss.); 3 fs. sf. תִּדְּפֶנּוּ Ps 1:4; 2 ms. תִּנְדֹּף Ps 68:3; —drive about, chaff, subj. wind Ps 1:4; wicked, subj. God 68:3 (כְּהִנְדֹּף עָשָׁן, v. infr.); cf. Jb 32:13 (= defeat, anguish).

Niph. Pf. נִדַּף Is 19:7; Inf.. כְּהִנְדֹּף Ps 68:3 (v. Kö:i. 306 f); Pt. נִדָּף Lv 26:36 + 3 t.;—be driven, driven about (esp. by wind) Ps 68:3, v. supr. (like a driving [Che drift] of smoke); of breath (הֶבֶל) fig. of deceitful gain Pr 21:6 (LXX Hi Ew רֹדֵף; v. De Now); of withered plant Is 19:7 (where subj. עָרוֹת, מִוְרָע i.e. place; whence Che trans. נ׳ vanish; but ref. prob. to plant-life in these places, v. Di); of leaf Lv 26:36 (as making slight sound), Jb 13:25 (fig. of sufferer, ‖קַשׁ יָבֵשׁ), of chaff (קַשׁ) Is 41:2 (sim. of bow of hostile kings ‖עָפָר).

נָדַר vb. vow (NH id.; Ph. נדר; ‖ form of נָזַר, q. v.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ Ps 132:2, 2 S 15:8; נָדָָר Ju 11:39; 3 fs. נָדָָרה Nu 30:11; 2 ms. נָדַרְתָּ Gn 31:13 + 5 t. Pf.; Impf.. 3 ms. יִדֹּר Nu 6:21 + 5 t.; 2 ms. תִּדֹּר Dt 12:17 + 4 t., תִּדּוֹר Ec 5:4 + 4 t. Impf.; Imv. pl. נִדְרוּ Ps 76:12; Inf. לִנְדֹּר Nu 6:2, Dt 23:23; Pt. נֹדֵר Lv 27:8, Mal 1:14; —vow a vow נָדַר נֶדֶר Gn 28:20, 31:13 (both E), Nu 21:2 (J), Nu 6:2, 30:3, 30:4 (P), Ju 11:30, 1 S 1:11, 2 S 15:8, 15:7, Is 19:21; נֶדֶר om. Lv 27:8, Nu 30:11 (P); Dt 23:23, Ps 76:12, Ec 5:4, 5:4; c. לְ to whom Nu 6:21, Dt 23:24, Mal 1:14, Ps 132:2, Ec 5:3; נֶדֶר אֲשֶׁר נָדַר vow which he vowed Dt 12:11, 12:17, 23:22, 23:22, Ju 11:39, Je 44:25, Jon 1:16; cf. אֲשֶׁר אֲשַׁלֵָּמָה נ׳ Jon 2:10, אֵת אֲשֶׁרֹ תִּדֹּר שַׁלֵּם Ec 5:3.

נֶ֫דֶר, נֵ֫דֶר n.m.:Nu 30:5 vow;—נֶ֫דֶר Gn 28:20 + 17 t.; נֵ֫דֶר Nu 30:10 + 4 t.; sf. נִדְרִי 2 S 15:7 + 5 t. sfs.; pl. נְדָרִים Jon 1:16, Pr 20:25; sf. נְּדָרַי Ps 22:26 + 3 t.; נִדְרֵיהֶם Lv 22:18 + 24 t. sfs.;-vow:

1. of personal service to י׳ Gn 28:20, 31:13 (of Jacob at Bethel), 2 S 15:7, 15:8; (at Hebron); Lv 27:2 (P, any one), of Nazirite Nu 6:2, 6:5, 6:21; Hannah's consecration of her son 1 S 1:11, cf. בר נדרי Pr 31:2.

2. in gen. of any kind of votive offerings or promised gifts to י׳ Nu 30:3, 30:4, 30:5, 30:5, 30:6, 30:7, 30:8, 30:9, 30:10, 30:12, 30:13, 30:14, 30:15 (P) Dt 12:11, 12:17, 12:26, 23:19, 23:22, Is 19:21, Na 2:1, Ps 22:26, 61:6, 61:9, 65:2, 116:14, 116:18, Pr 20:25, Jb 22:27, Ec 5:3.

3. Jephthah's daughter as עולה Ju 11:30, 11:39.

4. the ban Nu 21:2 (E).

5.עוֹלָה Ps 66:13; תּוֹדָה Ps 50:14, 56:13; שְׁלָמִים Nu 15:8; opp. נדבה Lv 7:16, Nu 15:3, 29:39 (P), Lv 22:18, 22:21, 22:23, 23:38 (H), Dt 12:6, 12:17, 1 S 1:21, Jon 1:16.

6. once of idolatry Je 44:25 (לְקַטֵּר לִמְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם נ׳).—Vbs. used are: נָדַר q. v.; שִׁלֵּם pay 2 S 15:7 + 12 t.; עשׂה Ju 11:39, Je 44:25; נשׂא Dt 12:26; קום Nu 30:5, 30:8, 30:12, 30:15; הֵקִים Je 44:25; אסּר Nu 30:14; פִּלֵּא Lv 22:21, 27:2, Nu 15:3, 15:8 נ׳ פלּא לנ׳ Nu 6:2; הֵפֵר Nu 30:9. (See these vbs.)

624

נִהַּ v. נוהּ. p.627

†I. נָהַג vb. drive, conduct (NH conduct oneself, behave, be accustomed; Ar. نَهَجَ go along the road, keep to the road; Aram. נְהַג lead);—Qal Pf. נ׳ La 3:2; נָהֲגוּ 1 S 30:20; Impf. יִנְהַג Is 20:4, etc.; Imv. נְהַג 2 K 4:24; Pt. act. נֹהֵג Is 11:6 + 2 t., etc.; pass. נְהוּגִים Is 60:11; —

1. drive, flocks Ex 3:1; cf. (in predict.) Is 11:6 (sq. בְּ); fig., obj. Joseph, Ps 80:2 (sim. of flock); hence, obj. human being, lead on, Ct 8:2 (‖הֵבִיא אֶל־)); also fig., subj. י׳, La 3:2 (‖הוֹלִיח); pass. pt. of kings led in procession Is 60:11 cf. Di (rather than as captives, Che, as earlier usage; ‖הֵבִיא); drive away, off, (obj. מִקְנֶה) Gn 31:18 ( of Jacob, going by stealth); usually as booty (obj. flocks and herds) 1 S 23:5, חמור יתומים ינהגו Jb 24:3 (unjustly); cf. 1 S 30:2, 30:2 (rd. וַיִּנְהֲגוּ We Dr Kit Bu, cf. Th, not HPS q. v.), v:22 (no obj. expr. but really captives ‖הָלַח), Is 20:4; drive an ass for riding 2 K 4:24 (‖הָלַח); a cart (עֲגָלָה) 2 S 6:3 = 1 Ch 13:7 (where בָּע׳); abs. of driving chariot 2 K 9:20; lead out an army to battle (late) 1 Ch 20:1, 2 Ch 25:11.

2. fig. וְלִבִּי נֹהֵג בַּחָכְמָה Ec 2:3 my heart behaving itself in wisdom (cf. NH supr.). Pi. Pf. נִהַג Ex 10:3; נִהַ֫גְתָּ Is 63:14; Impf. יְנַהֵג Dt 4:27, etc.;—1. drive away, lead off, sq. acc., daughters of Laban Gn 31:26 (‖גָּנַב); of י׳, leading off people into exile, sq. שָׁ֫מָּה Dt 4:27 (‖הֵפִיץ), 28:37 (‖הוֹלִיח). 2. lead on, guide, sq. acc., subj. י׳ Ps 78:52 (כַּעֵ֫דֶרהִסִּיעַ כַּצּאֹן ); Is 49:10 (‖נִהֵל, cf. Ps 23:2); 63:14; Ps 48:15; guide on, a wind, Ex 10:13 (sq. בָּאָרֶץ), Ps 78:26; (‖הִסִּיעַ).

3. cause to drive (cf. Qal, 2 K 9:20) Ex 14:25 (JE; subj. י׳, v. Di)

מִנְהָג n.m. driving, charioteering;—abs. מ׳ 2 K 9:20; cstr. מִנְהַג v:20.

†II. [נָהַג] vb. Pi. moan, lament (Ar. نَهِجَ be out of breath, pant, breathe heavily; Aram. ܢܗܰܓ sigh, groan);—Pi. Pt. fpl. מְנַהֲגוֹה Na 2:8 (כְּקוֹל יוֹנִים ).

נָהָה vb. wail, lament (prob. onomatop., cf. Sta:Gesch. i. 388; Aram نهْا (in Lexx) ; Eth.nhya:: is recreari, respirare, etc. Di:632);—Qal Pf. וְנָהָה Mi 2:4 lament sq. acc. cogn.; Imv. נְהֵה Ez 32:18, sq. עַל concerning, for. Niph. Impf. וַיִּנָּהוּ 1 S 7:2 sq. אַהֲרִי went mourning after (so most, cf. Th Dr, who argue against Thes were gathered), < rd. (ה)ויפנ, וַיִּפְנוּ turned after = submitted to (as Ez 29:16) LXX (perh.), We Kit Bu HPS.

נְהִי n.[m.] wailing, lamentation, mourning song;—נ׳ abs. Am 5:16 + 5 t.; וָנֶהִָי Je 9:9; —wailing, at י׳'s judgement Mi 2:4 as acc. cogn.; Je 9:9 (c. נָשָׂא עַל־, + בְּכִ׳, ‖קִינָה ), v:17 (c, id., ‖דִּמְעָה), v:18 (קוֹל נ׳ ), 31:15 (‖בְּכִי, תַּמְרוּרִים); mourning song יוֹדְעֵי נ׳ Am 5:16 of professional mourners, skilled in mourning song; cf. Je 9:19, where taught (‖קִינָת), also הִי Ez 2:10 (‖אֵכֶל, מִסְפֵּד q. v. (Ol Co rd. נתי, cf. Berthol).

נִהְיָה n.f. id. (si vera 1.);—only Mi 2:4 נָהָה נְהִי נִהְיָה, where, however, Thes al. der. נהיה fr. היה (Niph., v. p. 228a supr.); but prob. corrupt, del. LXX Sta:ZAW 1886, 122 f. We Now as dittogr.

†[נִי] n. [m.] si vera l., wailing (AV RV) (= נְהִי);—וְנָֽשְׂאוּ אֵלַיִךְ בְּנִיהֶם קִינָה Ez 27:32, but improb.; LXX SyrVer בְּנֵיהֶם, v. MV; so Co, who, however, del. as gloss, cf. Buhl Berthol.

הִי n.[m.] si vera l., wailing (= הִי(נְ)) q. v.) Ez 2:10 וָהִָי, where probably read וּנְהִי Ol Co, cf. Berthol (‖קינים והגה).

†[נָהַל] vb. Pi.lead, guide to a watering-place or station, and cause to rest there; bring to a station or place of rest; lead, guide; refresh (cf. Ar. مَنْهَلِن watering-place, نَهَلَ take a first drink; likewise (Dozy) مَنْهَلَةُ station, stage of the road; perh. also As. Nâlu, lie down Dl:HWB 438; Dl:HA 5f.; Prol. 17 ff. tries to explain all the passages from this As. nâlu; against him v. Prä:LOPh i. 195 Che:Acad., April 12,1884 DHM:ZKF i. 357 f. Nö:ZMG xi. 1886, 728; two √ √ prop. by RD Wilson:Presb. Rev.(N.Y.), April, 1885 (careful art.), cf. T. Che:Ps 23:2. crit. n.);—Pi. Pf. 2 ms. נֵהַלָהָּ Ex 15:13; Impf. 3 ms. יְנַהֵל Is 40:11; sf. יְנַהֲלֵנִי Ps 23:2, יְנַהְלֵם Is 49:10; וַיְנַהֲלֵם Gn 47:17, 2 Ch 32:22; 2 ms. sf. תְּנַהֲלֵנִי Ps 31:4; 3 mpl. sf. וַיְנַהֲלוּם 2 Ch 28:15; Pt. מְנַהֵל Is 51:18; —

1. lead to watering-place (or station), and cause to rest there, subj. י׳ as shepherd, Is 49:10 (עַל־ loc.; ‖נהג), Ps 23:2 (c. עַל־ loc.; ‖הִרְבִּיץ), Is 40:11 (‖רעה, קִבֵּץ).

2. lead or bring to a station, a goal, י׳ subj. Ex 15:13 (song; no obj. expressed, אֶל־ loc.; ‖נחה); human subj. 2 Ch 28:15 and they conducted all the feeble of them by means of (ב) asses (‖הֵבִיא).

3. lead, guide: fig., אֵין מְנַהֵל לָהּ Is 51:18 there is no one to be a guide for her, i.e. for Jerus., drunk with cup of י׳'s fury (‖מַחֲזִיק יָדָהּ); י׳ subj. Ps 31:4 lead me (‖תַּנְחֵנִי).

4. give rest to (?) מִסָּבִיב וַיְנ׳ 2 Ch 32:22 and he gave them rest on every hand, cf. LXX Vulgate (= וַיָּנִח לָהֶם מִסּ׳ 1 Ch 22:18 +, prob. so read here, v. Be DHM Öt).

5. refresh with food, וַיְנ׳ בַּלֶּחֶם Gn 47:17 (J).

Hithp. Impf. prob. journey by stations, stages, only 1 S. אֶתְנַהֲלָה Gn 33:14 (J), I will proceed, journey on, by stages (i.e. deliberately with family and cattle).

625

נַהֲלָל v. II. נַהֲלֽל. below

† I. נַהֲלֽל n.m. pasture, or perh. (EncBi:614) watering-place (see √), only pl. נַהֲלֽלִים Is 7:19.

II. נַהֲלֽל n.pr.loc. Ju 1:30 in Zebulun, LXX Δωμανα, A Εναμμαν, LXXL Αμμαν; = נַהֲלָל Jos 19:15, 21:35, LXX Ναβααλ, Νααλωλ, LXXL Αναλωθ, Αλωμ;—site unknown, cf. GFM:Ju 1, 30.

† [נָהַם] vb. growl, groan (NH id.; Ar. نَهَمَ; Aram.ܢܗܰܡ, נְהַם);—Qal Pf. וְנָהַמְתָּ֫ Pr 5:11; וּנְהַמְתֶּם Ez 24:23; Impf. יִנְהֹם Is 5:29, 5:30; Pt. נֹהֵם Pr 28:15; —

1. growl, of a lion (viz. while it is devouring its prey: opp. שׁאנ, of roar with which it springs upon it RS:Proph. 243) Pr 28:15, of Assyr. (under fig. of lion) Is 5:29; sq. עַל (over), v:30.

2. groan, of sufferer Pr 5:11, Ez 24:23.

נַ֫הַם n.[m.] growling of lion;—fig. of king's wrath Pr 19:12, cf. 20:2.

† [נְהָמָה] n.f. growling, groaning;—only cstr. נָֽהֲמַת :

1. Is 5:30 of sea, in sim. of growling of Assyr. Lion.

2. fig. groaning Ps 38:9 of heart (שָׁאַָ֫גְתִּי מִנ׳).

† [נָהַק] vb. bray, cry (NH id.; Ar. نَهَقَ bray (of ass); Aram. נְהַק cry out (of men), נְהִיקָא braying);—Qal Impf. יִנְהַק Jb 6:5 of wild ass; יִנְהָָקוּ 30:7 of cries of destitute outcasts.

† I. [נָהַר] vb. flow, stream (Ar. نَهَرَ run, flow; perh. denom. fr. نَهْرُ river, and this loan-wd. (cf. Frä:285); As. nûru, stream, river, Dl:HWB 440; Aram. ܢܰܗܪܳܐ, נַהֲרָא river);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנָֽהֲרוּ Is 2:2 + 2 t.; Impf. 3 mpl. יִנְהֲרוּ Je 51:44; —flow, stream only fig.: of restored Isr. streaming עַל־דָּגָן וגו׳ אֶל־טוּב י׳ Je 31:12; nations to (אֶל־) Bel 51:44; to temple-hill at Jerus. Is 2:2 (אֵלָיו) = Mi 4:1 (עָלָיו).

נָהָר n.m.:Gn 2:10 stream, river;—abs. נ׳ Gn 2:10 +; cstr. נְהַר Dt 1:7 +; pl. נְהָרִים Is 18:27 + 4 t., cstr. נַהֲרֵי Is 18:1 + 2 t; but oftener ת(וֹ)נְהָר Is 19:6 + 23 t.; cstr. נַהֲרוֹת 2 K 5:12 + 2 t.; sf. נַהֲרוֹהֶיְ Ez 32:2, נַהֲרֹתַיִח Is 44:27, נַהֲרֹתֶיהָ Ez 31:4, 31:15, נַהֲרֹתָם Ex 7:19, נַהֲרוֹתָם Ez 32:2, 32:14; appar. du. נַהֲרַיִם Gn 24:10 + 2 t., נַהֲרָָיִם Ju 3:8 (v. infr.) (all in אֲרַם נ׳);—

1. stream, river, Nu 24:6 (JE), Jb 14:11, 40:23, Ps 105:41 (in sim.), Is 48:18 (id.), 59:19 (id.) + oft.; freq. of partic. rivers; r. of Eden Gn 2:10 and its branches v:13; v:14 (all J); נְהַר מִחְרַיִם 15:18 (J; i.e., si vera 1., the Nile) but rd. prob. נַחַל מ׳, whence נהר through infl. of foll. נהר—cf. 2 K 24:7—Nö:ZMG xi.1886, 699 (alternat.), Lag:BN 140 Ball:Hpt; נָהָר of Nile Is 19:5; esp. of Euphrates נְהַר פְּרָת Gn 15:18, Dt 1:7 (both + הַגָּדוֹל הַנּ׳) Jos 1:4 + 8 t. + 2 S 8:3 (Qr LXX and ‖ 1 Ch 18:3; Kt om. פְּרָת;—cf. also Gn 2:14 b supr.); oftener (of Euphr.) without פ׳:הַנָּהָר κατ̓ ἐξοχήν, Gn 31:21, Ex 23:31, Nu 22:5, Jos 24:2, 24:3, 24:14, 24:15 (all E), poss. also Gn 36:37 (P; cf. Di) = 1 Ch 1:48, + 13 t. + 2 S 8:3 Kt (v. supr.); and even without art. (poet.) † Is 7:20, Je 2:18, Mi 7:12, Zc 9:10, Ps 72:8; הַגּ׳ הַנּ׳ once of Tigris † Dn 10:4; † נְהַר גוֹזָן (חבור) 2 K 17:6, 18:11 cf. 2 Ch 5:26; pl. נַהֲרֵי בוּשׁ Zp 3:10; perh. of a canal: נְהַר־כְּבָר Ez 1:1, 1:3 + 6 t. Ez; הַנָּהָר אַהֲלוא Ezra 8:21, נְהַר א׳ v:31; cf. נַהֲרוֹת בָּבֶל Ps 137:1; canals poss. also in שַׁעֲרֵי הַנּ׳ Na 2:7 (of Nineveh); of canals of Egypt Ex 7:19 (‖יְאֹרִים etc.), 8:1 (‖ id.).

2. נְהָרוֹת (מִבְּכִי) Jb 28:11 usu. understood of (underground) streams; Szold:Comm. Jb Gr:Monatsschr.1887, 410 and Perles:Analekten 69 prop. נ׳ נִבְכֵ׳ sources of rivers (cf. 36:16); Wetzst Hoffm Bu נ׳ מַבְּכֵ׳ (not elsewh.) with similar meaning.

3. fig. of י׳ s favour Ps 46:5.—On נַהֲרַיִם ending appar. du., v. אֲרַם; Tel Am. Na-ri-ma, Naḫrima (Wkl:Tel Am. 40*), and Eg. Nhrina (WMM:As. u. Eur. 249 ff.) point however to orig. ending יםִ; this inconsistent with view of EMey:Gesch. § 180 that יִםַ here a locative ending (cf. Ba:§ 194 c. Anm. l Buhl:Ges 12), v. also Di:Gn 24:10.

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† II. נָהַר vb. shine, beam (Aram.) (NH id., esp. in deriv.; As. nûru, light, Dl:HWB 440; Ar.نَهِرُ daytime, نَهَارُ day, daytime; Aram. ܢܗܰܪ shine, נְהַר id.; Palm. נהירא illustrious, e.g. Vog:Palm. No. 22);—Qal Pf 2 fs. consec. וְנָהַרְתְּ Is 60:5; 3 pl. נָהָָרוּ Ps 34:6; —beam, be radiant, fig. of joy: תִּרְאִי וְנ׳ Is 60:5, הִבִּיטוּ אֵלָיו וְנ׳ Ps 34:6 (rd. הַבּ׳, וּנְהָרוּ, v. LXX SyrVer Vulgate Che Bae Du).

נְהָרָה n. f. light, daylight (as Aram. נְהוֹרָא ܢܗܽܘܪܳܐ m.);—וְאַל־תּוֹפַע עָלָיו נ׳ Jb 3:4 (opp. חשֶׁח).

† [מִנְהָרָה] n. f. dub., only pl. הַמִּנְהָרוֹת אֲשֶׁר בֶּהָרִים Ju 6:2 (+ הַמְּעָרוֹת caves, הַמְּחָדוֹת strong-hold)—(clearly, si vera l., fr. a check נהר, but with what meaning? Schultens:Jb 49 comp. Ar. مِنْهَرَةُ, مِنْهَرُ [which means a place hollowed out by water], and rend. crevices, ravines, so Thes al.; Rashi Ki Wetzst:Hauran, 46 think of caves with a light-opening; R. Levi ben Gerson beacons, i.e. towers for fire-signals, GFM; but II. נהר late in Heb.; LXX τρυμαλίας, Vulgate antra; Bu thinks הַמְּעָרוֹת a gloss explaining הַמִּנ׳).

† [נוא] vb. hinder, restrain, frustrate (Ar. (نوأ) نَآءَ (or نَاءَ) rise with difficulty, rise against one (Frey), III. contend with, Lane:2861);—Qal Impf. 2 mpl. תנואון Nu 32:7 Kt, but read Hiph. (so Qr), cf. Di. Hiph. Pf. הֵנִיא Nu 30:6, etc.; Impf. יָנִיא v:9, יָנִי Ps 141:5, תְּנִיאוּן Nu 32:7 Qr;—

1. restrain, forbid (performance of vow), sq. acc. pers. Nu 30:6, 30:6, 30:9, 30:12; frustrate (device of people), subj. י׳, sq. acc. rei, Ps 33:10 (‖הֵפִיר); refuse 141:5 ((text dub. v. Che).

2. restrain, make averse the heart (acc.) Nu 32:7 (sq. מֵעֲבֹר), v:9 (sq. לְבִלְתִּי־באֹ).

† [תְּנוּאָה] n. f. opposition;—sf. תְּנוּאָתִיּ Nu 14:34 my opposition, of י׳; pl. תְּנוּאוֹת עָלַי יִמְחָא Jb 33:10 = occasions, for hostility (‖ count as enemy).

† [נוּב] vb. bear fruit (poet.) (Aram. נוֹבָא fruit (rare));—Qal Impf. יָנוּב Ps 62:11, Pr 10:31; יְנוּבוּן Ps 92:15; —only fig., abs. of righteous under fig. of tree Ps. 92:15; חַיִל כִּי יָנוּב 62:11 if wealth beareth fruit; Pr 10:31 פִּי חַדִּיק יָנוּב חָכְמָה beareth the fruit of wisdom. Poï1. Impf. יְנוֹבֵב Zc 9:17, דָּגָן בְּתֻלוֹת בַּחוּרִים וְתִירוֹשׁ יְנ׳ fig. for makes flourish.

נוֹב Kt (Qr נִיב, q. v.) n.[m.] fruit;—cstr. Is 57:19 fruit of lips (fig. for thanksgiving).

† [נִיב] n.[m.] fruit ;—ניב cstr. Is 57:19 Qr, v. supr.; נִיבוֹ Mal 1:12 of offerings to י׳ as fruit of his table (‖אכלו).

נוֹבָָי n. pr. m. a chief of people Ne 10:20 Qr נִיבָָי (Baer; נֵיבָָי van d. H., Ginsb; LXX Νωβαι (cf. Palm. נבי n. pr. f. Cook:124 Lzb:321).

תְּנוּבָה n. f. fruit, produce;—abs. Is 27:6; cstr. תְּנוּבֵת Ez 36:30; תְּנוּבָתִי Ju 9:11; pl. תְּנוּבֹת Dt 32:13, וֹת- La 4:9; esp. שָׂדַי ת׳ fruit, produce, of field Dt 32:13, La 4:9; cf. הַשָּׂדֶה ת׳ Ez 36:30 (‖פרי העץ); of fig-tree Ju 9:11; metaph. of Isr. וּמָֽלְאוּ פְנֵי־תֵבֵל ת׳ Is 27:6 (‖יַשְׁרֵשׁ יעקב יחיץ ופרח ישׂ׳).

נוּד vb. move to and fro, wander, flutter, shew grief (NH id. (rare); Aram. ܢܳܕ נוּד, shake, move to and fro, be disturbed, agitated; BAram. flee (v. infr.); Ar. (نود)نَادَ waver, totter);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָד so rd. for MT נֵד Is 17:11 Ges Hi Ew Di Kit Che:Hpt RV; 3 pl. נָ֫דוּ Je 50:3; Impf. 3 ms. יָנוּד 1 K 14:15 + 3 t.; 2 ms. תָּנוּד Je 4:1 juss. תָּנֹד 16:5; 3 mpl. וַיָּנֻ֫דוּ Jb 42:11; 2 mpl. תָּנֻ֫דוּ Je 22:10; Imv. fs. פָנ֫וּדִי Ps 11:1 Qr (Kt נודו); mpl. נֻ֫דוּ Je 48:l7 + 2 t. Je; Inf. לָנוּד Jb 2:11 + 2 t.; Pt. נָד Gn 4:12, 4:14; —

1. a. move to and fro, wander aimlessly, as fugitive, נָע וָנָד Gn 4:12, 4:14 (J), Je 4:1 (Gie, as apod., so RV; but Ew Hi Gf Che Ke, as prot., if thou wanderest not [morally], and swearest, etc.,—Ew Hi reading with LXX שׁקוחיך מִפִּיְ וּמִפָּנַי לא תנוד; Co del. v:1; v:2); take flight (perh. metaplast. form of נדד q. v.), נֻסוּ נֻּדוּ מְאֹד Je 49:30 (on dagh. v. Ges:§ 20 g), of harvest Is 17:1l i.e. be destroyed, in fig. (v. supr.); Je 50:3 (‖הלך), v:8 (sq. מִתּוֹךְ; ‖יחא). b. flutter, of bird Pr 26:2 (‖עוּף); fig. of soul Ps 11:1. c. waver, wave, shake, of reed 1 K 14:15 (sim. of smitten Isr.).

2. shew grief (i. e. by shaking or nodding head), usu. sq. ל pers.: a. lament for the dead (Josiah) Je 22:10 (‖בכה), for Jerus. Je 15:5 (‖חמל), 16:5 (‖ספד), Is 51:19; for Nineveh Na 3:7; Moab Je 48:l7. b. condole, shew sympathy with Jb 2:11, 42:11; abs. Ps 69:21. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יָנִיד Je 18:16; 3 fs. sf. תְּנִדֵנִי Ps 36:12; Imv. ms. sf. הֲנִידֵָמוֹ Ps 59:12 (so rd. for MT הורידמו SyrVer Lag:Proph. Chald, xlviii. Dr:2 S 15:20 cf. Che:crit. n. Hup-Now Bae Du); Inf. לְהָנִיד 2 K 21:8; —1. cause to wander aimlessly, as fugitives, c. acc. pers. Ps 36:12, 59:12 (v. supr.), sq. רֶגֶל 2 K 21:8. 2. make a wagging, wag with the head, בְּראֹשׁ Je 18:16. Hoph. Pt. כְּקוֹץ מֻנַָד 2 S 23:6 and the worthless, like briers made to flutter (tossed away) are they (text dub.; Klo Bu HPS rd. מדבר). Hithpoïlel Pf. 3 fs. וְהִתְנוֹדֲדָה consec. Is 24:20; Impf. 2 ms. תִּתְנוֹדָָד Je 48:27; Pt. מִתְנוֹדֵד Je 31:18; —1. move oneself to and fro, sway, totter, Is 24:20 (of earth). 2. shake oneself, in excitement Je 48:27 (perh. of scorn = wag the head, as Hiph. Je 18:16 cf. Gf RV).

3. bemoan oneself (cf. Qal 2), Je 31:18 (the lament follows in orat. recta).

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† I. [נוֹד, נֹד] n.[m.] wandering of aimless fugitive;—only sf. נֹדִי Ps 56:9 my wandering (word-play with נאֹדְֶָ v:b).

† II. נוֹד appar. n. pr. terr. ארץ־נ׳ Gn 4:16 of region into which Cain wandered (cf. v:12; v:14); LXX (strangely) Ναιδ; Vulgate appellat., profugus in terra, cf. Symm Theod, v. Ne:Marg. 9.

נִיד n. m.:(v. infr.) quivering motion of lips;—only cstr. שְׂפָתַי נ׳ Jb 16:5 the motion of my lips (in expressing sympathy).—MT makes subj. of יחשׂך, but rd. prob. אחשׂך, v. חשׂך.

נִידָה v. נִדָּה sub נדד. p. 622

† [מָנוֹד] n.[m.] a shaking, wagging;—only cstr. מְנוֹד ראֹשׁ Ps 44:15 object of head-shaking, in derision (of Isr.; ‖מָשָׁל; v:14 חֶרְפָּה, לַעַג, קֶלֶס).

נוהּ (prob. √ of foll., si vera 1., cf. Ar. نَاهَ (نوه) be high, eminent).

נֹהַּ n.[m.] eminency, distinction;—לאֹ נֹהַּ בָּהֶם Ez 7:11 no eminency is left in them so A LXX Theod Symm Ges Ke), < del. LXX B Co Berthol Toy, cf. also Da.

† I. [נָוָה] vb. only Hiph. (si vera l.) lit. beautify (then connected with נאה be comely, so Buhl SS; cf. NH נוה Niph. shew oneself beautiful, Nithp. adorn oneself, נָוֶה adj. beautiful, Levy:NHWB);—Impf. 1 S. sf. אַנְוֵהוּ Ex 15:2 I will beautify, adorn him (with praises; obj. י׳; ‖רומם; LXX δυξάσω, Targum glorificabo).—Adj. נָוָה Je 6:2, v. נָאוֶה sub [נָאָה].

II. נוה (√ of foll., mng. dub.; Ar. نَوَي is aim at, propose to oneself as aim (e.g. of journey), VIII. betake oneself to a place of alighting, or abode; نَوَني, نِيَّةُ place to which one purposes journeying Lane:3040; hence poss. I. נָוֶה as goal of shepherd; cf. Sab. נוי meadow, pasture, DHM:Südar. Alt. 32; see however Dr:1 S 19:18 HPS:ib.; NH נָוָה dwelling, habitation).

† I. נָוֶה n. m.:Is 27:10 abode of shepherd, or flocks, poet. habitation;—abs. Is 27:10 +; cstr. נְוֵה Ex 15:13 +; נְוַת Jb 8:6 (as if fr. נָוָה; or rd. נְוֵה ?); sf. נָֽוְְ Jb 5:24, נָוֵ֫הוּ 2 S 15:25 +, נְוֵהֶם Je 49:20, Ez 34:14 (cf. Sta:§ 351 c.), נְוֵהֶן Je 23:3 (so Baer Ginsb; נְוֵיהֶן van d. H., pl. acc. to Kö:ii, 1, p. 77);—

1. a. adode, of sheep 2 S 7:8 (‖מֵאַחַר הַצּאֹן) = 1 Ch 17:1; Is 65:10 (‖רָבַץ); of people under fig. of sheep Je 23:3, 49:20 = 50:45, 50:19 Ez 34:14, 34:14 (‖רָבַץ, מִרְעֶה); of camels Ez 25:5 (‖מִרְבַּץ חאֹן). b. adode of shepherds Je 33:12 (+ מַרְבִּיחִים חאֹן). c. = meadow, in fig. of Ephr. planted (שָׁתוּל) as tree Ho 9:13.

2. habitation, usu. of country, or of domains in the country (chiefly poet.), Jb 5:3, 8:6 (נְוַת חִדְקְֶָ, v. supr.), Pr 21:20; ‖אֹהֶל Jb 5:24, 18:15; ‖בַּיִת Pr 3:33; ‖רֵבֶץ 24:15; of י׳ in Canaan 2 S 15:25; of Can. as place of י׳'s sanctuary, קָדְשְֶָׁ נ׳ Ex 15:13; fig. of י׳ himself, חֶדֶק נ׳ Je 50:7; habit. of nation Je 10:25, 25:30, Is 32:18 (שָׁלוֹם נ׳), Ps 79:7; = city Is 27:10, esp. Jerus. Is 33:20 (שַׁאֲנָן נ׳, ‖אֹהֶל); אֵיתָן נ׳ Je 49:19 (fig. of Edom) = 50:44 (of Bab.); of land of Isr., חֶדֶק נ׳ Je 31:23 (‖הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ). Twice of habitation of jackals Is 34:13, 35:7 (both ‖חָחִיר).

† II. [נָוָה] vb. denom. dwell, abide (si vera l.);—only Qal Impf. 3 ms. לאֹ יִנְוֶה Hb 2:5 he shall not adide, so Ke; Hi rest (cf. Da); We prop. יִרְוֶה be satiated, cf. SyrVer; Krochm יָנוּחַ.

† II. [נָוֶה] adj. dwelling, abiding;—only (si vera l.) נְוַת בַּיִת Ps 68:13 she that is adiding at home.—נָוָה Je 6:2 v. נָאוֶה sub [נָאָה].

† II. [נָוָה] n. f. pasture, meadow;—pl. cstr. נְוֹת Zp 2:6, usu. נְאוֹת Ps 23:2 + 11 t.;—

1. pasture, meadow: הָרֹעִים נ׳ Am 1:2, cf. Zp 2:6 (‖גִּדְרוֹת חאֹן; v. also [כָּרה] p. 500 supr.); esp. מִּדְבָּר(הַ)נְאוֹת Je 9:9, 23:10, Ps 65:13, Jo 1:19, 1:20, 2:22; דֶּשֶׁא נ׳ Ps 23:2 grassy pastures; אֱלֽהִים נ׳ Ps 83:13 pastures of God, i.e. the land of Canaan, יַעֲקֹב נ׳ La 2:2; הַשָּׁלוֹם נ׳ Je 25:37 meadows of pace; חָמָס נ׳ Ps 74:20 appar. habitations (?) of violence, but rd. prob. גַּאֲוָה וְח׳, so Bi Che (v. 73:6).—Je 6:2 v. foll.; Jb 8:6 v. I. נָוֶה.

נוית Kt (i.e. נָוִית, or נָֽוְיַת, Ginsb), נָיוֹת Qr; prob. n. pr. loc. in Ramah (poss. = habitations, but dub., v. Dr:1 S 19:18 HPS);—adode of prophets 1 S 19:18, 19:19, 19:22, 19:23, 19:23 and 20:1 (where Baer נוות Kt); sq. בָּרָמָה (exc. 19:18); LXX ̓Αυαθ (ν dropped out after ἐν), so LXXL A Ναυιωθ.

628

נוּחַ vb. rest (NH id.; Aram. נוּחַ, ܢܳܚ; Ph. נחת n. rest; poss. also vb. ינח (Iph. Pf.), cf. Levy cited CIS:i. 118 Lzb:322; As. nâhu, rest (inûh), and deriv.; Eth. nox: be extended, long, rarely rest; Ar. نَاخَ IV. is make camel lie down on his breast; مُنَاخُ resting-place of camel, cf. Doughty:Arab. Des. i, 397, ii, 63, 486, 642);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. נָ֫חָה Is 7:2 + 2 t., consec. וְנָחָה Is 11:2; 1 S. נָ֑חְתְּי Jb 3:26; 3 pl. נָ֫חוּ Est 9:22, consec. וְנָחוּ Is 7:19; Impf. 3 ms. יָנוּחַ Ex 23:12 + 6 t., וַיָּ֫נַח Ex 10:14, 20:11; 3 fs. תָּנוּחַ Is 25:10, Pr 14:33, וַתָּ֫נַח Gn 8:4, Nu 11:26; 2 ms. תָּנוּחַ Dn 12:13 etc.; Inf. abs. נוֹחַ Est 9:16, 9:17, 9:18; cstr. לָנוּחַ 2 S 21:10; כְּנוֹחַ Nu 11:25, Jos 3:13 Ne 9:28; sf. 3 ms. בְּנֻחֹה Nu 10:36; —לְנוּחְֶָ 2 Ch 6:41 v. מְנוּחָה;—

1. rest, settle down and remain, sq. עַל; of birds 2 S 21:10; ark Gn 8:4 (P); נָ֫חָה אֲרָם עַל־אֶפְרַיִם Is 7:2 Aram hath settled down upon Ephraim; of spirit of י׳ Nu 11:25, 11:26 (E), Is 11:2; spirit of Elijah 2 K 2:15; sceptre of wicked Ps 125:3 (in fig.); sq. בְּ loc.: of insects Ex 10:14 (J), Is 7:19 (fig. of invaders); of soles of feet resting in water Jos 3:13 (JE); hand of י׳ Is 25:10; wisdom Pr 14:33; anger Ec 7:9; בִּקְהַל רְפָאִים יָנוּחַ Pr 21:16 in the assembly of Shades shall he settle down; abs., = stop, of ark at stages of journey Nu 10:36 (JE); cease speaking 1 S 25:9.

2. repose, be quiet, have rest: after labour Ex 20:11 (E; of God), 23:12 (E; of cattle), Dt 5:14 (of slave); have rest from (מִן) enemies Est 9:16 (inf. abs. נוֹחַ, + עָמוֹד, הָרוֹג), v:22, cf. (abs.) v:17, v:18 (in both + עָשׂה), Ne 9:28; be at rest (from trouble), abs., Jb 3:26 (+ שָׁלַוְתִּי, שָׁקַטְתִּי); of the earth Is 14:7; in couch of the grave 57:2; in Shₑ’ôl Jb 3:17, so prob. Dn 12:13; also לאֹ תָּנוּחַ לָח Is 23:12 = thou shalt not be at rest, cf. impers. יָנוּחַ לִי Jb 3:13 = I should be at rest (in Shₑ’ôl).—אָנוּחַ לְיוֹם חָרָה Hb 3:16 is dub.: I wait quietly for the day of distress De Ke Hi-St SS, so Now, doubtfully; We conj. אֶנָּחֵם as Is 1:24 I will appease me, GASm leaves untransl. Hiph. A. Pf. 3 ms. הֵנִיחַ Jos 22:4 +; 1 S. וַהֲנִיחֹ֫תִי 2 S 7:11 +; הֵנִ֫יחוּ Zc 6:8; Impf. 3 ms. יָנִיחַ Ex 17:11 +; וַיָּ֫נַח Jos 21:42 +; sf. וַיְנִיחֵנִי Ez 37:1, 40:2; 3 fs. sf. תְּנִיחֶנּוּ Is 63:14 (but v. infr.), etc.; Imv. mpl. הָנִ֫יחוּ Is 28:12; Inf. cstr. הָנִיּחַ Is 14:3 +, sf. הֲנִיחִי Ez 24:13; Pt. מֵנִיחַ Jos 1:13; —1. cause to rest = give rest to: a. sq. acc. יָדוֹ Ex 17:11 (E), רוּחִי Zc 6:8; so appar. sq. חֲמָתִי + ב pers., quiet (i.e. sate) my fury by (wreak it upon) Ez 5:13 (del. Co), 16:42, 24:13, also 21:22 (Co adds ב pers.). b. usu. sq. ל pers.: (1) give rest to i.e. bring to resting-place Ex 33:14 (J), Dt 3:20, Jos 1:13, 1:15, 22:4 (all D), 1 Ch 23:25; so, c. sf., Is 63:14 (si vera l.; Vrss Lo Ew Brd Che:Hpt rd. תַּנְחֶנּוּ, leadeth him, √ נחה); (2) of freedom from enemies, Is 28:12, 2 Ch 14:5; + מִכָּל־איבים [מִסָּבִיב] Dt 12:10, 25:19, Jos 23:1 (D), 2 S 7:1, 7:11, 1 Ch 22:9; so + מִסָּבִיב alone 1 K 5:18, Jos 21:42 (P), 1 Ch 22:18, 2 Ch 14:6, 15:15, 20:30, so also prob. 32:22 (for MT וַיְנַהֲלֵם מִסָּבִיב); (3) of freedom suffering, + מֵעָחְבְְּ וגו׳ Is 14:3. c. make quiet in mind, set at rest וִינִיחְֶָ Pr 29:17 discipline thy son, that he may give thee quiet (of mind; ‖יִתֵּן מַעֲדַנִּים לְנַפְשְֶָׁ). 2. cause to rest (i.e. light) upon, c. acc. staff + עַל pers. Is 30:32; c. acc. blessing + אֶל־ Ez 44:30; cause to alight, set down, c. sf. pers. + בְּתוֹח loc. Ez 37:1; + אֶל־ 40:2; —For this mng. v. esp. B. infr. B. Pf. 3 ms. הִנִּיחַ Ju 3:1 +, הִנִּחַ 1 K 8:9, sf. וְהִנִּיחוֹ Dt 26:4, וְהִנִּיחָם Lv 16:23 both consec.; 2 ms. וְהִנַּחְתָּ֫ Dt 14:28, sf. וְהִנַּחְתּוֹ 26:10 consec., etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַנִּיחַ Lv 7:15, וַיַּנַּח Ju 2:23 +, sf. וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ Ex 16:34; 3 fs. וַתַּנַּח Gn 39:16; 2 ms. juss. אַל־תַּנַּח Ec 7:18 + 2 t., etc.; Imv. ms. הַנַּח Ho 4:7 + 2 t., הַנִּ֫יחָה Ex 32:10, Ju 16:26, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. לְהַנִּיחוֹ Nu 32:15, לְהַנִּיחָם Est 3:8; Pt. מַנִּיחַ Ec 5:11; —1. lay or set down, deposit, let lie, c. acc. rei, usu. + word of place: stones at ford of Jordan Jos 4:3, 4:8 (JE), ark 1 S 6:18, garments Gn 39:16 (J), Lv 16:23 (P), Ez 42:14, 44:19; cf. Ex 16:23, 16:24, 16:33, 16:34, Nu 17:19, 17:22 (all P), Dt 26:4, 26:10, 1 K 8:9, 13:31, Ez 40:42, 42:13; so, acc. om., Ju 6:18; 6:20 Dt 14:28, Nu 19:9 (P), 1 S 10:25; place, put, sq. acc. pers. + local modif., Gn 2:15 (J), 19:16 (J), Jos 6:23 (JE), Lv 24:12, Nu 15:34 (both P), Is 14:1, 46:7, Ez 37:14; prob. also Zc 5:11 (rd. וְהִנִּיחֻהָ, v. Ges:§ 72 ee); rd. וַיַּנִּיחֵם also 2 K 18:11 (LXX ἔθετο; for MT וַיַּנְחֵם; cf. וַיּשֶׁב אוֹתָם2 K 17:6); place corpse on (אֶל־) ass 1 K 13:29, in grave v:30; horsemen and chariots in cities 2 Ch 1:14, 9:25, so rd. also ‖ 1 K 10:26 (LXX ἔθετο; for MT וַיַּנְחֵם); tables in temple 2 Ch 4:8; idols in shrines 2 K 17:29 (acc. om.). Here belongs perh. also וְגַם מִזֶּה אַל־תַּנַּח אֶת־יָדְֶָ Ec 7:18 and also from this do not lest thy hand lie (idle), i.e. engage in it, cf. 11:6; lay down forcibly, thrust down הִנִּיחַ לָאָרֶץ בְּיָדָ Is 28:2, cf. Am 5:7; perh. also Ez 22:20 (abs.; but del. Co Berthol, after LXX). 2. let remain, leave (in present condition), obj. nations Ju 2:23, 3:1, Je 27:11, people in wilderness Nu 32:15 (JE); וְהִנִּיחוּח עֵירֹם וְעֶרְיָה Ez 16:39; sq. acc. rei Lv 7:15, 1 K 7:47 (leave unweighed); leave behind sq. acc. pers. Gn 42:33 (E), 2 S 16:21, 20:3, 1 K 19:3, Je 43:6; + אֶת־פְּנֵי 1 S 22:4 (rd. וַיַּנִּחֵם, for MT וַיַּנְחֵם, and he left them with SyrVer Targum Vulgate We Dr Klo Bu Löhr HPS; leave name, for a curse Is 65:15; leave or bequeath to (ל), c. acc. rei, Ps 17:14, Ec 2:18.

3. leave = depart from, מְקוֹמְְ אַל־תַּנַּח Ec 10:4 do not leave thy place.

4. abandon, sq. acc. pers. Je 14:9; בַּל־תַּנִּיחֵנִי לְעשְׁקַָי Ps 119:121 abandon me not to my oppressors.

5. let alone (refrain from interfering with), sq. ל pers. Ex 32:10 (JE; obj. י׳), Ho 4:17, 2 S 16:11, 2 K 23:18; sq. acc. pers. Est 3:6; = avoid יַנִּיחַ חֲטָאִים גְּדוֹלִים Ec 10:4 (but rd. perh. יָנִיחַ, causeth to rest = allayeth cf. Wild).

6. permit, c. acc. pers. Ju 16:26; + inf. לאֹ הִנִּיחַ אָדָם לְעָשְׁקָם Ps 105:14 = 1 Ch 16:2l, but here הִנִּיחַ לְאִישׁ, cf. מַנִּיחַ לוֹ לִישׁוֹן Ec 5:11. Hoph. A. Pf. 3 ms. הוּנַּח־לָָנוּ La 5:5 i.e. no rest is granted to us; for 3 fs. וְהֻנִ֫יחָה Zc 5:11 [so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. והֻנּ׳] rd. prob. וְהִנִּיחֻהָ v. supr. Hiph. B 1. B. Pt. מֻנָּ֔ח as subst. = space left, open space Ez 41:9, 41:11, 41:11.

629

נוֹחַ v. נוח Inf. abs. נוּחַ 2 Ch 6:41 v. מִנוּחָה. below, p. 628

נוֹחָה n. pr. m. 4th son of Benjamin acc. to 1 Ch 8:2. LXX Ιωα, A Νωα, LXXL Νουαα.

† I. נַ֫חַת n.[f.] (appar. m. Jb 36:16, but v. infr.) quietness, rest (under this √ Thes O1:§ 164 c Sta:§ 201 d Kö:ii. 172 f.; > sub נחת Dl:Prol. 118 ff.);—נ׳ Is 30:15 + 2 t., נָ֑חַת Jb 17:16 + 2 t.; cstr. נַ֫חַת Jb 36:16; —

1. quietness, quiet attitude Is 30:15 (‖הַשְׁקֵט); נִשְׁמָעִים דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים בְּנ׳ Ec 9:17; opp. עָמָל וּרְעוּת רוּחַ 4:6; opp. רָגַז, שָׂחַק Pr 29:9; of comfort of one's table, i.e. its satisfying plenty, שֻׁלְחָֽנְְ מָלֵא דָָשֶׁן וְנ׳ Jb 36:16 the comfort of thy table, which (i.e. the table) was full of fat (Di, cf. Bu; > that which is set on thy table shall be, etc. De al., making נ׳ subj. of מָלֵא, and so masc.).

2. rest of death Jb 17:16; of a stillborn child Ec 6:5.—II, III. נַחַת v. נחת.

נֹחַ:46 n. pr. m. Noah (Nab. n. pr. נוח Lzb:322, Syr. n. pr. ܢܘܚ Meissn:VOJ viii, (1894), 303 ad fin. (No. 116));—Gn 5:29 (where trad. etym.), + 40 t. Gn 510 (not in ED); 1 Ch 1:4; נֹחַ דָּנִאֵל וְאִיּוֹב Ez 14:14, 14:20; מֵי נֹחַ = flood Is 54:9, 54:9; LXX Νωε.—On hist. of interpret. of name v. Goldziher:ZMG xxiv. (1870), 207 ff.

נִיחֹחַ and (Lv 1:9) נִיחוֹחַ:43 n.[m.] a quieting, soothing, tranquillizing (cf. I. נַחַת Jb 36:16) (ריח ניחח also Ecclus 45:16 c; on format. v. O1:§ 187 b) Sta:§ 233 Ba:NB § 142 Kö:ii. 1, 151. 489, where, after Philippi:Bas ii. 362, יִ expl. as dissim. from וֹ);—abs. נ׳ Gn 8:21 +; sf. נִיחֹתִי Nu 28:2, נִיחֹחֲכֶם Lv 26:31, נִיחוֹחֵיהֶם Ez 20:28; —a soothing, tranquillizing, only in phr. רֵיח נ׳ = soothing, tranquillizing odour of sacrifices acceptable to י׳ Gn 8:21 (J), Ex 29:18, 29:25, 29:41, Lv 1:9, 1:13, 1:17 + 32 t. P. Ez 20:41; of sacrif. to idols † Ez 6:13, 16:19, 20:28.

הֲנָחָה n. f. a giving of rest, i.e. perh. holiday-making (cf. נוח Hiph. A; prop. Inf., Sta:§ 621 c Ba:NB 90, cf. Kö:ii. 1, 402);—לַמְּדִינוֹת עָשָׂה וַה׳ Est 2:18 and a holiday-making for the provinces be enacted, Vulgate requies; but LXX ἄφεσις, whence al. release from taxes, or amnesty.

יָנוֹחַ n. pr. loc. in extreme N. of Isr. 2 K 15:29; site dub., Yânûḫ (Conder:Lists 38) near Tyre is prob. too far W.; Guêrin:Gal. ii. 371 f. prop. Hunîn, W. of upper Jordan, cf. Buhl:Geogr. 237; LXX Ανιωχ, A LXXL Ιανωχ.

יָנ֫וֹחָה n. pr. loc. on border of Ephraim Jos 16:6, 16:7, identif. with Yânun SE. fr. Shechem Rob:BR iii. 297 cf. Buhl:Geogr. 178; LXX Ιανωχα, Ιανωκα.

† I. מָנוֹחַ n. m. resting-place, state, or condition of rest;—abs. מ׳ Gn 8:9 + 4 t.; cstr. מְנוֹחַ 1 Ch 6:16; pl. sf. 2 fs. מְנוּחָָיְכִי Ps 116:7 (Ges:§ 91 l);—

1. resting-place לְכַף רֶגֶל Gn 8:9 (J), cf. Dt 28:65, La 1:3; Is 34:14 (cf. also מְנֻחָה Gn 49:15).

2. rest, repose of soul Ps 116:7 (pl. abstr. vel intens.); condition of rest and security attained by marriage Ru 3:1.

3. with force of inf. (cf. Aram. inf. c. מ pref.) מִמְּנוֹחַ הָאָרוֹן 1 Ch 6:16 from the coming to rest of the ark.

II. מָנוֹחַ:18 n. pr. m. father of Samson Ju 13:2, 13:8 + 15 t. Ju 13, 16:31, LXX Μανωε.

מְנוּחָה, מְנֻחָה n. f. resting-place, rest;—abs. מ׳ Mi 2:10 +, מְנֻחָה Gn 49:15 (but v. infr.), 2 S 14:17; sf. מְנוּחָתִי Ps 95:11 + 2 t., מְנוּחָתְֶָ Ps 132:8 = 2 Ch 6:41 (where rd. as in Psalm, for anom. לְנוּחְֶָ MT), מְנֻחָתוֹ Is 11:10, Zc 9:1; pl. מְנוּחֹת Is 32:18, מְנֻחוֹת Ps 23:2; —

1. resting-place Mi 2:10, Nu 10:33 (JE), Dt 12:9 (+ הַנַּחֲלָה) so Ps 95:11 (י׳'s resting- pl.), cf. 132:8 = 2 Ch 6:41 (v. supr.), Ps 132:14, Is 66:1 (‖בַּיִת אֲשֶׁר תִּבְנוּ לִי), cf. לַאֲרוֹן וגו׳ בֵּית מ׳ 1 Ch 28:2; also Is 11:10; prob. also Gn 49:15 (‖ טוֹב הָאָרֶץ here is appar. subst., Sam. rds. adj. טוֹבָה; but rd. perh. מְנֻחהֹ, his resting-place, fr. מָנוֹחַ, Ball:Hpt Holz after SyrVer); מְנוּחֹת שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Is 32:18 (+ נְוֵה שָׁלוֹם, מִשְׁכְּנוֹת מִבְטַחִים); of י׳'s word Zc 9:1; resting-place on journey, in שַׂר מ׳ Je 51:59 (Ew Gf Gie al.); fig. for security, assurance 2 S 14:17 (taken from resting, equilibrium, of scale acc. to Klo).

2. rest, quietness, pl. מֵי מְנֻחוֹת Ps 23:2; = refreshment Is 28:12 (‖מַרְגֵּעָה); rest (fr. enemies) = peace 1 K 8:56 (cf. 5:18), אִישׁ מ׳ 1 Ch 22:9 a man of peace (cf. הֵנִיחַ v:b); = relief fr. sorrow Je 45:3; condition of rest and security attained by marriage Ru 1:9 (= מָנוֹחַ 3:1).—מ׳ Ju 20:43 is perh. n. pr., cf. GFM.

630

מְנֻחוֹת n. pr. v. מָנַחְתִּי infr.

† I. [מָנַ֫חַת] n. pr. loc. (= resting-place, settlement), מָנָ֑חַת 1 Ch 8:6, site unknown, LXX Μαχαναθει, LXXL Μανουαθ.

מָנַחְתִּי adj. gent. perh. fr. foregoing, only c. art. as n. coll. חֲחִי הַמּ׳ 1 Ch 2:54 of a Judaean tribe (LXX Μαλαθει, A LXXL Μαναθ(ι)); so rd. also prob. for חֲחִי הַמְּנֻחוֹת v:52 (LXX Μωναιω, A Αμμανιθ).

† II. מָנַ֫חַת n. pr. m. in Edom Gn 36:23 = 1 Ch 1:40; LXX Μαν(ν)αχαθ, Μανααθ.

† [נוּט] vb. dangle, shake (Targum [נוט] Aph. scare, sld., Levy:Ch WB ii. 97 Jastr:Dict. 886; Ar. نَوْطُ a bag hanging down, نَاطَ suspend, hang);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. תָּנוּט Ps 99:1 let (the earth) shake (‖רָגַז).—Ol We prop. תָּמוּג.

נוית v. sub I. נוה. p. 627

נוּם vb. be drowsy, slumber (NH נוּם, נִמְנֵם id.; Aram. נוּם, نْم; Ar. (نوم) نَامَ id.; Eth. nom:);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. נָמ֫וּ Na 3:18, Ps 76:6 (Ges:§ 72 l); Impf. יָנוּם Ps 121:3 + 2 t.; 3 fs. וַתָּ֫נָם 2 S 4:6 (so rd. for HCT וַיַּכֻּהו, with other radical changes, LXX Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS); Inf. cstr. לָנוּם Is 56:10.—be drowsy, slumber, lit. וַתָּנָם וַתִּישָָׁן 2 S 4:6 (emend., v. supr.) and she grew drowsy and slept; fig. of inactivity, indolence, Is 5:27 (‖ישׁן), Ps 121:3, 121:4 (of י׳; ‖ id.); Na 3:18 (‖שָׁכֵן); אֹהֲבֵי לָנ׳ Is 56:10 (‖שָׁכַב); sq. acc. cogn. שֵׁנָה Ps 76:6 (of death, ‖נִרְדַּם).

נוּמָה n. f. somnolence, fig. for indolence, Pr 23:21.

תְּנוּמָה n. f. slumber;—abs. Ps 132:4, Pr 6:4; pl. תְּנוּמוֹת Pr 6:10 + 2 t.;—slumber as time of visions Jb 33:15 (‖תַּרְדֵּמָה); of indolent slumber Ps 132:4 (‖שְׁנָת) Pr 6:4 (‖שׁנה) in both c. נָחַן, sq. acc. + לְ; 6:10, 24:33 (both ‖שׁנות, שׁכב).

יָנוּם n. pr. loc. city in Judah, Jos 15:53 Qr; Kt ינים (so van d. H. Ginsb; Baer only יָנוּם); LXX Ιεμαειν, A LXXL Ιανουμ.

† [נוּן, נִין] vb. propagate, increase (si vera l.) ( > denom. fr. נין Hup-Now SS;—NH נוּן = fish, so Aram. נוּנָא, ܢܳܣ, As. nunu;—Qal or Hiph. ?) Impf. ינין Kt; > Niph. ינּוֹן Qr Ps 72:17 let his name have increase (or, if Niph., be propagated, spread); but dub., Vrss perh. יִכּוֹן be established, endure.

נוּן and (1 Ch 7:27) נוֹן n. pr. m. father of Joshua 1 Ch 7:27; elsewh. alw. בִּן־נוּן(יְהוֹשֻׁעַ) Ex 33:11, Nu 11:28, 13:8, 13:16 + 22 t. Nu Dt Jos (JEDP); also Ju 2:8, 1 K 16:34, Ne 8:17; LXX Ναυη (for Ναυν by err., cf. Thes).

נִין n.[m.] offspring, posterity;—abs. Jb 18:19, Is 14:22; sf. נִינִי Gn 21:23 (all ‖נֶכֶד).

מָנוֹן v. p. 584 supr.

נוּס:160 vb. flee, escape (Syr. نوس tremble (rare), cf. Brock; Ar. نَاسَ, نَاسَ move to and fro, be in commotion, dangle, Lane:2866);—Qal Pf. נָס Nu 35:25 +; נַ֫סְתָּה 2 K 9:3; נַ֫סְתִּי 1 S 4:16, etc.; Impf. יָנוּס Ex 21:13 +; וַיָּנָ֫ס Gn 39:12 +; יְנוּסָוּן Ps 104:7, etc.; Imv. mpl. נֻ֫סוּ Je 48:6 + 4 t. Je Zc; Inf. abs. נוֹס 2 S 18:3; cstr. לָנוּס (לָנֻס) Gn 19:20 +; Pt. נָס Am 9:l +; נָסִים Ex 14:27 +;—

1. flee, abs. Gn 39:12, 39:15, Nu 16:34 (all J); Jos 10:16 (JE); Lv 26:17, 26:36; (H); fig. of sea Ps 114:3, 114:5 cf. 104:7; sq. acc. cogn. מָנוֹס Je 46:5, sq. דֶּרֶח Jos 8:15 (J), 2 K 9:27; sq. בְּדֶרֶח Dt 28:7, 28:25; אֶל־נַפְשָׁם נ׳ 2 K 7:7 flee for their life, בְּרַגְלָיו נ׳, Ju 4:15 flee on foot; + 44 t. abs. (not elsewh. Hex); sq. אֶל־ loc. Dt 4:42, 19:5, 19:11 (D), Nu 35:32, Jos 20:4 (both P), Ju 4:17, 1 K 2:28, 2:29, Is 13:14; sq. לְ 1 S 4:10 + 6 t. + לִקְרָאתוֹ Ex 14:27 (E; not elsewh. Hex); sq. עַד Ju 7:22 + Pr 28:17 (עַד־בּוֹר, v. בּוֹר); sq. עַל־ Is 10:3; sq. הָ loc. Gn 14:10 + 4 t. JE, Nu 35:6 + 6 t. P, Dt 4:42, 19:3, 19:4 (D), + 6 t.; sq. שָׁם Is 20:6; sq. acc. loc. Jos 8:20 (J), + 4 t.; sq. מִמֶּרְחָק Is 17:13 = far away; sq. מִן from, Jos 20:6 (P), 1 S 4:16 + 3 t.; מִתּוֹח Je 51:6; esp. מִפְּנֵי from before Ex 4:3, 14:25, Nu 10:35, Jos 10:11 (all JE), 1 S 17:24, Je 48:44 (Qr הַנָּס, > Kt הניס), + 19 t.; sq. לִפְנֵי Jos 7:4, 8:5, 8:5, 8:6 (all J), 1 S 4:17, 2 S 24:13, מִלִּפְנֵי 1 Ch 19:18.

2. escape Am 9:1 (‖נמלט) so Je 46:6; hence

3. take flight, depart, disappear, only fig.; Dt 34:7 (JE) his freshness (לֵחֹה vigour) was not gone (‖לאֹ כָֽהֲתָה עינו); of shadows (at evening), Ct 2:17, 4:6; of sorrow etc. Is 35:10, 51:11.

4. עַל־סוּס נ׳ Is 30:16 fly (to the attack) on horseback. † Poïlel Pf. Is 59:19 נֹסֲסָה בּוֹ רוּחַ י׳ the breath of י׳ driveth at it, driveth it on (cf. Hiph. 2). † Hithpoïl. Inf. cstr. לְהִתְנוֹסֵס מִפְּנֵי Ps 60:6 in order to take flight before the bow (so Vrss Hup-Now Che Bae al.). † Hiph. Pf. הֵנִיס Ex 9:20; Impf. יָנִיסוּ Dt 32:30 + Ju 7:21 Kt (Qr וַיָּנוּסוּ Qal); Inf. cstr. לְתָנִיס Ju 6:11; —1. put to flight, sq. acc. Dt 32:30 (‖רדף). 2. drive hastily to a safe place Ex 9:20, sq. acc. + אֶל־. 3. cause to disappear, hide Ju 6:11 (no object expr.) sq. מִפְּנֵי.

631

מָנוֹס n. m. Am 2:14

1. flight.

2. place of escape, refuge;—abs. מ׳ Am 2:14 + 5 t.; sf. מְנוּסִי 2 S 22:3, Je 16:19; —1. flight, acc. cogn. c. נוּס Je 46:5. 2. (place of) escape; מִן אָבַד מ׳ escape perished from, = there was no escape for, Am 2:14, Je 25:35, Jb 11:20, Ps 142:5; of י׳ as a refuge 2 S 22:3 (‖משׂגב; מנום וגו׳ not ‖ Ps 18:3; txt. disputed, Kit Bu retain in Sm, Klo Bae Löhr Du ins. in Psalm; < del. in Sm De Hup-Now HPS cf. Che), Ps 59:17 (‖ id.); Je 16:19 (‖עז, מעוז).

מְנוּסָה n. f. flight ;—מ׳ Is 52:12 (‖חִפָּזוֹן); מְנֻסַת־חֶרֶב Lv 26:36 = flight from sword, acc. cogn. c. נוס.

נוּעַ vb. quiver, wave, waver, tremble, totter (NH Pilp. נִעְנַע shake, Aram. נוּעַ waver, stagger (rare); Ar. نوع, نَاعَ bend (of boughs), v. commotus fuit (of id.), so Kam Frey; also change, نَوْعُ kind, species, variety; Di cp. Eth. na9awa: hunt);—Qal Pf. נָ֫עוּ Jb 28:4 +; וְנָע֫וּ Am 4:8 + 2 t.; Impf. וַיָּ֫נַע Is 7:2; 3 fs. תָּנוּעַ Is 24:20; אֲנוּעְֲ 2 S 15:20 Kt (but rd Qr Hiph q. v.); יָנ֫וּעוּ Ps 109:10; יְנוּעָוּן Ps 59:16 Kt (so rd.; not Qr Hiph.), etc.; Inf. abs. Is 24:20, Ps 109:10; cstr. נוּעַ Ju 9:9 +3 t.; נוֹעַ Is 7:2; Pt. נָע Gn 4:12, 4:14; נָעִים Pr 22:19; נָעוֹת 1 S 1:13:—

1. wave, of trees, sq. עַל Ju 9:9, 9:11, 9:13 sq. מִפְּנֵי of cause Is 7:2; quiver, vibrate, of lips 1 S 1:13; swing (to and fro) of miners Jb 28:4 (‖דלל); stagger like drunkard, of mariners in storm Ps 107:27 (‖חגג), cf. Is 29:9 (‖שׁכר); hence be unstable, fig. of ways of harlot Pr 5:6; tremble, of doorposts, Is 6:4 (sq. מִן caus.), idols 19:1 (sq. מִפְּנֵי), earth Is 24:20 (‖התנודד), people Ex 20:18 (E); fig. of heart Is 7:2.

2. totter, go tottering (faint and uncertain) La 4:14 v:15 (‖נוּץ), Am 8:12 (‖שׁוטט); as beggars Ps 109:10 (‖שִׁאֵל), cf. 59:16; Am 4:8 sq. אֶל־; pt. vagabond Gn 4:12, 4:14 (both ‖נָד); fig. = err, sin, Je 14:10. Niph. Impf. יִנּוֹעַ Am 9:9 be tossed about (of corn) in a sieve; יִנּוֹעוּ id., of bulwarks as fig-trees Na 3:12 (‖נפל). Hiph. Pf. 3 fs. הֵנִ֫יעָה 2 K 19:21 = Is 37:22; וַהֲנִֽעוֹתִ֫י Am 9:9; Impf. יָנִיעַ Zp 2:15; juss. יָ֫נַע 2 K 23:18; אֲנִיעְֲ 2 S 15:20 Qr (cf. Qal); יְנִיעוּן Ps 109:25 + 59:16 Qr (rd. Kt Qal q. v.), etc.; Imv. sf. הֲנִיעֵ֫מוֹ Ps 59:12; —1. toss about Am 9:9 subj. י׳, obj. Isr. sq. בַּגּוֹיִם (cf. Niph.). 2. shake, cause to totter: = set me tottering Dn 10:10 on my knees and hands; esp. shake or wag the head, in mockery 2 K 19:21 = Is 37:22 (‖בוז, לעג) cf. Ps 22:8, 109:25; sq. עַל־ Jb 16:4 (בְּמוֹ ר׳ [Ges:§ 119 q]), also La 2:15 (‖שׁרק), Zp 2:15 יָדוֹ (‖ id.), [v. also Ecclus 12:18, 13:7 (בְּר׳)].

3. (shake), disturb, bones of dead 2 K 23:18.

4. cause to wander Nu 32:13 (J); 2 S 15:20 (sq. ללכת); Ps 59:12 (‖הוריד, for which Lag:Proph. Chald. xlviii. prop. הניד).

נֵעָה n. pr. loc. in Zebulun; הַנֵּעָה Jos 19:13. LXX Αοζα, A Αννουα, LXXL Νουα; site unknown.

נֹעָה n. pr. f. a daughter of Zelophahad (of Manasseh), Nu 26:33, 27:1, 36:11, Jos 17:3, LXX Νουα.

† [מְנַעֲנֵעַ] n.[m.] appar. a kind of rattle, only וּבִמְנַֽעַנְעִים 2 S 6:5, in list of musical instruments; LXX κύμβαλα, but this usu. (12 t.) = מְחִלְתַּיִם; Vulgate sisitra; the sistrum (Gr. σεῖστρον, fr. σείω) was much used in Egypt; it was a small metal frame with loose metal bars carrying loose rings, borne and swung or shaken in the hand, v. Wilkinson:Anc. Kgyptians (1878), i. 497 ff. Now:Arch. l. 273 Benz:Arch. 278 We:Psalm Psalm Eng. Trans. p. 233.

נוֹעַדְיָה v. יעד. p. 418

I. [נוּף] vb. move to and fro, wave, besprinkle (NH Hiph., Pilp. wave, blow, fan, cf. נָפָה sift, נָפָה n. sieve (as BH); Targum Aph. as BH; Syr. ܢܳܦ bend, wave, shake; Di cp. Eth. quadril. nafaya:nafnafa: distil, drop like dew; sift);—Qal Pf. 1 S. נַ֫פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִי מֹר וגו׳ Pr 7:17 I have besprinkled my couch with myrrh, etc. Poïle1 Impf. 3 ms. יְנֹפֵף יָדוֹ הַר וגו׳ Is 10:32 he brandisheth his hand toward the mt. (on acc. הַר cf. Ges :§ 118 f. Da:Synt. § 69, R 2). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵנִיף Jos 8:31 +, 2 ms. הֵנַ֫פְתָּ Ex 20:25 (Ges:§ 72 k), וְהֵנַפְתָּ֫ Ex 29:24 + 3 t.; 1 S. הֲנִיפֹ֫תִי Jb 31:21; Impf. וַיָּ֫נֶף Lv 8:27, Nu 8:21, sf. וַיְנִיפֵ֫הוּ Lv 8:29; 2 ms. תָּנִיף Dt 23:26+ 2 t., etc.; Imv. mpl. הָנִ֫יפוּ Is 13:2; Inf. cstr. הָנִיף Is 10:15 + 2 t.; לַהֲנָפָה Is 30:28 (Ges:§ 72 z BA:NB 90, v. also הֲנָחָה), etc.; Pt. מֵנִיף Is 19:16 Zc 2:13, etc.;—swing, wield, wave:

1. wield, move tool to and fro in using it, c. עַל־ of material: כִּי חֵרְבְְּ הֵנַפְתָּ עָלֶיהָ Ex 20:25 (E), i.e. over stone, so Dt 27:5, Jos 8:31 (D), and Dt 23:26 a sickle thou shalt not wield over the standing grain of thy neighbour; abs. מְנִיפוֹ Is 10:15 against him that wieldeth it(i.e. a saw), and כְּהָנִיף שֵׁבֶט וְאֶת־מְרִימוֹ v:15 (rd. אֶת־) like a rod's wielding him that lifteth it.

2.Shake or wave the hand; a. wave hand אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם 2 K 5:11, in healing ceremony (i.e. prob. toward sanctuary Kmp:Kau; > toward the spot [where leprosy appears], so most). b. c. עַל־, shake or brandish against, Is 11:15, 19:16, Zc 2:13 (all of י׳) Jb 31:21 [cf. Ecclus 12:18 (without עַל) in mockery]. c. wave hand, as a signal, Is 13:2.3. swing to and fro בְּנָפַת,in a sieve, Is 30:28 (fig., of nations).

4. Oft. term. techn. in P (H), of rite in which orig.ly the priest lifted his share of offering and waved it, i.e. moved it toward altar and back, in token of its presentation to God and its return by him to priest: in H, וְהֵנִיף אֶת־הָעֹמֶר לִפְנֵי י׳ Lv 23:11a cf. v:11b; v:12, also v:20 (on text v. Di Dr-Wh:Hpt) ; in P, וְהֵנַפְתָּ֫ אֹתוֹ תְּנוּפָה לִפְנֵי י׳ Ex 29:26, so Lv 7:30, 8:29, 10:15 (obj. om.) Nu 6:20; thus also Levites are set apart for service of the priests Nu 8:11 (Di del. v.), v:13, v:21, cf. v:l4 (לִפְנֵי י׳ om.); but same phr, of entire lamb, with oil, Lv 14:12, 14:24, and of offerings wh. were burnt, entirely Ex 29:24 (cf. v:25), Lv 8:27 (cf. v:28), or in part Nu 5:25 (הֵנִיף הַמִּנְחָה לִפְנֵי י׳),—in these the orig. signif. seems lost; so, clearly, of contributions for tabernacle, = offer הֵנִיף תְּנוּפַת זָהָב לְי׳ Ex 35:22.—Cf. תְּנוּפָה infr.

5. Shed abroad(si vera l.) גֶּשֶׁם נְדָבוֹת תָּנִיף Ps 68:10 bounteous rain thou didst shed abroad [cf. Ecclus 43:17c], but vb. not wholly suitable; Lag Gr prop. תַּטִּיף, yet this also questionable. Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּנַף, be waved, Ex 29:27 (P), pass. of Hiph. 4.

632

†I. [נָפָה] n.f. sieve or other winnowing implement, Di Du Schwinge, Che:Hpt fan (as swung) ;—only cstr. לַהֲנָפָה גוֹיִם בְּנָ֫פַת שָׁוְא Is 30:28 to swing nations in a sieve of worthlessness.

תְּנוּפָה:30 n.f. a swinging, waving, wave-offering, offering;—abs. ת׳ Is 30:32 +; cstr. תְּנוּפַת Is 19:16, Ex 35:22; pl. cstr. תְּנוּפֹת Nu 18:11; —

1. a swinging, brandishing, יַד י׳ ת׳ Is 19:16 the brandishing ofי׳'s hand (in hostility); מִלְהֲמוֹת ת׳ 30:32 battles of brandishing (brandished weapons).

2. a. waving, wave-offering, term. techn. in P (H), orig. of priest's share of sacrifice (cf. נוף Hiph. 4), לְְ נְתַתִּים יִשׂ׳ לְכָּל־תְּנוּפֹת בְּנֵ׳ Nu 18:11; oft. as 2nd acc. after הֵנִיף Ex 29:25 + 5 t.; even of Levites Nu 8:11, 8:13, 8:15, 8:20 (on all v. נוף Hiph. 4); חֲזֵה הַתְּ׳ Ex 29:27 the wave-breast, so Lv 7:34, 10:14, 10:15, Nu 6:20 (all + שׁוֹק הַתְּרוּמָה) 18:18 (+ שׁוֹק הַיָּמִין); עֹמֶר הַתְּ׳ Lv 23:15; לָחֶם הַתְּ׳ v:17; ת׳ alone v:20 (all H); less accurately Ex 29:24, Lv 8:27, 14:12, 14:21, 14:24 (v. נוף:1.c.). b. offering, of gold and brass for tabern., Ex 35:22, 38:24, 38:29.—On ת׳ v. Di:Lv 7, 30 Benz:Arch. 459 f. and esp. Now:Arch. ii. 239 f; also תְּרוּמָה.

II. נוף (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. نوف, نَافَ I, IV. overtop (Frey), نُوفُ camel-hump(ib.); مَنِيفُ high, lofty (of mt. and building, Lane:3039).

נוֹף n.[m.] elevation, height (NH נוֹף is tree-top, bough, so Targum נוֹפָא);—יְפֵה נ׳ Ps 48:3 beautiful in elevation (of Mount Zion).

II. [נָפָה] n.f. height;—only cstr. in combin. נָפַת דּוֹר Jos 12:23 = דּאֹר נ׳ 1 K 4:11, pl. cstr. נָפוֹת ד׳ Jos 11:2; cf. II. דּוֹד, and Di:Jos 11:2; v. also [נֶפֶת].

† [נֶ֫פֶת] n.f. id.;—only הַנָּ֑פֶת Jos 17:11 (but rd. perh. הַנָּפֹת, fr. foregoing, v. Di ; LXX Μαφετα, A. Ναφεθα , LXXL Ναφεθ, cf. 12:23 [supr. sub II. נָפָה] LXXL Ναφαθδωσ.—נֹפֶת honey, v. נפת.

נוֹחָה v. I. נחה. p. 663

[נוּק vb. whence (si vera l.) might come, Hiph. suckle, nurse;—Impf. 3 fs. Sf. וַתְּנִיקֵ֫הוּ Ex 2:9, but v. ינק and Ges:§ 70 e; rd. prob. וַתֵּינ׳ (Sam. ותיניקהו.

נור (√ of foll.; cf. NH נוּר, flame, fire Targum id.; Ar. نور, نَارَ give light, shine, I. (Kam Frey), IV. Lane:2864, نَارُ; fire, نُورُ light; Syr.ܢܽܘܪ fire; also in n. pr. Palm. Pun. v. Lzb:322 Cook:81; Min. מנורת torches (?) Hom:Südar. Chrest.128; As.tinûru, furnace, oven (Dl:HWB 711) belongs here acc. to Jäger:BAS ii.294).

I. נֵר n.m.: Ex 25:37 lamp;—נ׳ abs. Ex 27:20 +, cstr. 1 S 3:3 +; sf. נֵרִי Ps 18:29, † נֵירִי2 S 22:29, etc.; pl. נֵרוֹת abs. Lv 24:4 +; cstr. Ex 39:37; sf. נֵרֹתֶיהָ Ex 25:37, 25:37 +, נֵרֹתֵיהֶם 1 Ch 28:15, 2 Ch 4:20; —lampin shrine at Shiloh 1 S 3:3; esp. of lampsin temple 1 K 7:49 + 7 t. Ch, and in tabern. Ex 25:37, 25:37 + 15 t. P; cf. in Zech.'s vision Zc 4:2, 4:2 as token of merrymaking Je 25:10; used in search Zp 1:12, cf. (fig.) נִשְׁמַת אָדָם נֵר י׳ Pr 20:27; used in household work Pr 31:18; fig. of prosperity יִשְׂרָאֵל נ׳ 2 S 21:17 (embodied in David) ; also Jb 18:6, 21:17, 29:3, Ps 18:29 = 2 S 22:29, Ps 132:17, Pr 13:9, 20:20, 24:20; of God's word as a guide Ps 119:105, cf. Pr 6:23.

633

נֵר n.pr.m. LXX Νηρ

1. father of AbnEr 1 S 14:50, 14:51, 26:5, 26:14, 2 S 2:8, 2:12, 3:23, 3:25, 3:28, 3:37, 1 K 2:5, 2:32, 1 Ch 26:28.

2. father of Kish 1 Ch 8:33, 9:36, 9:39.

†I. נִיר n.[m.] lamp;—alw. fig. לְמַעַן הֱיוֹת־נ׳ לְדָוִיד 1 K 11:26, i.e. that his family may remain on the throne; cf. 15:4, 2 K 8:19 = 2 Ch 21:7; happiness, delight (cstr.) נִר רְשָׁעִים Pr 21:4 (so Vrss Thes Buhl Now Wild, > Ew Del SS Frankenb = II. נִיר sub II. ניר infr.).

נֵרִיָּהוּ, נֵרִיָּה n.pr.m. father of Baruch: נֵרִיָּהוּ Je 36:14, 36:32, 43:6, 45:1, = father of Seraiah 51:59; נֵרִיָּה 32:12, 32:16, 36:4, 36:8, 43:3; LXX Νηριου; cf. Gray:Prop N.204

מְנוֹרָה, מְנֹרָה:42 n.f. lampstand (Ecclus מנורה fire, 43:4d);—abs. מְנו׳ 2 K 4:10 + 9 t., מְנֹרָה Ex 25:32, 25:32 + 19 t.; cstr. מְנוֹרַת Zc 4:2, 2 Ch 13:11 מְנֹרַת, Ex 25:31 + 2 t.; pl. מְנֹרוֹת abs. 1 K 7:49 + 2 t.; cstr. 1 Ch 28:15, 28:15, 2 Ch 4:7; —lampstand:

1. in private house 2 K 4:10.

2. ten lampstands in temple, pl. 1 K 7:49 = 2 Ch 4:7, Je 52:19 (so also LXX; om. ‖ 2 K 25:14, 25:15, del. here Now:Arch. ii. 40 < retain Gf Gie), cf. 2 Ch 4:20, also 1 Ch 28:15, 28:15, 28:15, 28:15, 28:15, 28:15, 28:15, but 2 Ch 13:11 has מ׳ in sg. (as

3.) ; cf. sg. in Zech.'s vision Zc 4:2.3. seven-branched lampstand in tabern. Ex 25:31, 25:31, 25:32, 25:32 + 15 t. Ex, Lv 24:4 (with lamps upon it,), Nu 3:31, 4:9, 8:2, 8:3, 8:4, 8:4 (all P).—מָנוֹר v. II. ניר.

†[נוּשׁ vb. be sick, si vera l. (= I. אגשׁ acc. to Thes who comp. Syr. ܢܰܫ);—Qal Impf. 1 S. וָֽאָנוּשָׁה Ps 69:21, but rd. perh. [מַכַּת נַפְשִׁי] וַאֲנוּשָׁה (‖חֶרְפָּה שָָׁבְרָה לִבִּי ), Bi Che:crit. n., cf. LXX, v. I. אנשׁ or (< קַוֹּה) וְאָנוּשׁ הוּא קַוֵּה (with different word-division), Weir:Acad. 1870, 257 (who cp. Je 17:9, 8:15).

†I. [נָזָה] vb. spurt, spatter; Hiph. sprinkle (NH Hiph. sprinkle; Aram. נְדָא, אַדֵּי Lv 4:6 and oft., for הִזָּה Syr. ܢܕܳܐ is erupit, stillavit Is 63:3, alsoprominutt, etc. PS:2291);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִזֶּה Lv 6:20, 6:20, וְיֵז Is 63:3 (but rd. וַיֵּז Che Di Du Ges:§ 53, p. N., 107 bN. al.), וַיִּז 2 K 9:33; —spurt, spatter, alw. of blood:—וַיִּז מִדָּמָהּ אֶל־ 2 K 9:33 and some of her blood spurted against the wall; so ויז נִחְחָם Is 63:3 (c.—עַל־ rei, in metaph.); יִזֶּה מִדָּמָה Lv 6:20, cf. v:20 (both c. עַל־ rei). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהִזָּת consec. Lv 4:6 + 12 t.; 2 ms. וְהִזֵּיתָ֫ Ex 29:21; Impf. יַזֶּה Lv 16:14 (Is 52:15 v. infr.); וַיַּז Lv 8:11, 8:30; Imv. הַזֵּה Nu 8:7; Pt. cstr. מַזֵּה Nu 19:21; —cause to spurt, sprinkle upon, in ceremonials of P: c. acc. + עַל־ pers. Nu 8:7 (water), + עַל־ rei, לִפְנֵי Lv 16:15; obj. oft. מִן partit., or implied in context; sq. עַל־ Lv 5:9, 14:7, 16:14, 16:19 (all of blood); 8:11 (oil); Nu 19:18, 19:19 (water), Ex 29:21, Lv 8:30 (both blood and oil); sq. אֶל־ Lv 14:51 (blood and water), אֶל־נֹכַח פְּנֵי Nu 19:4 (blood); sq. לִפְנֵי Lv 4:6, 4:17, 16:14 (blood), 14:16, 14:27 (oil); once without prep. מַזֵּה Nu 19:21 the sprinkler of the water.—Is 52:15 v. II. נזה.

יִזִּיָּה n.pr.m. (may י׳ sprinkle, rd. prob. יַזּ׳, LXX Αζεια, N Αδεια, LXXL Ιαζιας);—one of those who took strange wives Ezr 10:25.

II. [נָזָה] vb. (dub.) spring, leap (cf. Ar. نَزَا leap, leap up, upon Thes Frey:Prov Ar. 1:171. 1:297, 22:138, 25:11);—hence, acc. to many, Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. כֵּן יַזֶּה גּוֹיִם רַבִּים Is 52:15 so shall he cause to leap (i.e. in joyful surprise, or = startle) many nations; but perh. crpt.; Che:Comm. יַתֵּר in like sense; < יִרְגְּזוּ (for יזהגוים) many shall tremble (v, רגז), GFM:JBL 1890, 216 ff. cf. Che:Hpt.

נָזִיד v. זיד p. 268

†[נָזַל] vb. flow, trickle, drop, distil (poet.) (Targum נְזַל of flowing water ; Syr. ܢܙܠ descendit, defluet PS:2331; Ar. نَزَلَ descend (.milk into udder, but also in gen.));—Qal Pf. נָֽזְלוּ Ju 5:5; Impf. יִזַּל Nu 24:7 etc; Pt. נֹזְלִיםEx 15:8 +, etc.;—

1. flow subj. water, Nu 24:7 (JE); Ps 147:18; cf. Je 18:14; subj. clouds, Jb 36:28 sq. rain as acc. mat. Ges:§ 117 z (‖רעף and, v:27, זקק), cf. Je 9:17 (of eyelids); so .fig. Is 45:8 sq. חֶדֶק (‖רעף); of mts. (i.e. their torrents) Ju 5:6 acc. to Vulgate Ew GFM al., but v. I. זלל esp. pt. as subst., = streams, floods, Ex 15:8 (‖מים, תהום of Red Sea); Ps 78:44 (‖יְאֹר); for drinking Ps 78:16 (‖מים כַנהרות, תהום v:15), Pr 5:15 out of well (‖מים); for irrigation Is 44:3 (‖מים); fig. of Shulamite מִן־לְבָנוֹן נ׳ Ct 4:15 (‖מעין גנים, באר מים)

2. distil, of spices בְּשָׂמִים Ct 4:16; fig. of words, like dew Dt 32:2 (‖ערף). Hiph. Pf. lyZIhi Is 48:21 cause to flow, water from rock (‖זוב).—Vid. also I. זלל.

נזם (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

נֶ֫זֶם n.m.:Jb 42:11 ring, always of gold when material mentioned;—נ׳ abs. Gn 24:30 +; cstr. v:22 +; sf. נִזְמָתּ Ho 2:15; pl. נְזָמִיםGn 35:4; cstr. נִזְמֵי Ex 32:2 +;—

1. nose-ring (Syr.ܙܡܳܡܳܐ ) woman's ornament, עַל־אַפָּהּ נ׳ Gn 24:47 cf. v:22, v:30 (J); נִזְמֵי הָאָף Is 3:21 (‖טַבַּ֫עַת seal-ring); perh. also Ho 2:15; Ez 16:12 fig. of י׳'s adorning Jerus. (‖עֲגִילִים עַל־אָזְנַיִךְ); cf. בְּאַף חֲזִיר נ׳ Pr 11:22.

2. earring ornament of men and women, Gn 35:4, אֲשֶׁר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶם נ׳ so Ex 32:2, 32:3 (all E); cf. Pr 25:12 (in sim. of wise reprover), and perh. Ex 35:22 (P; ‖טַבַּ֫עַת); prob. also Ju 8:24, 8:24, 8:25, 8:26 (of men, cf. GFM), Jb 42:11.—Cf. further Gei:Jüd. Zeltaschr. x (1872), 45 ff. RS:Sem. i. 434, 2d ed. 453; also ref, sub נור.

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† [נֶ֫זֶק] n.[m.] injury, damage (Aram. loan-word v. BAram.);—only cstr. כְּנֶזֶק הַמֶּלֶךְ Est 7:4 at the price of injury to the king.

[נָזַר] vb. dedicate, consecrate, (cf. We:Skizzen iii. 118), separate, in relig. and ceremonial sense (NH only as denom., cf. II. נזר; Ar. نَذَرَ make a vow, cf. We:Skizzen iii. 117 f., RS:i. 463 f., 2d ed. 482 f.; Sab. נדַר vow Levy:ZMG xxii (l868), 196 Min. id., Hom:Südar. Chrest. 128; Aram. ܢܕܰܪ נְדַד, vow; As. nazâru, curse Dl:HWB 457);—Niph. Impf. יִנָּזֵר Ez 14:7, וַיִנָּזֵר Lv 22:2; וַיִּנָּֽזְרוּ Ho 9:10; Inf. abs. הִנָּזֵר Zc 7:3; —devote, dedicate oneself unto (ל), הַבּשֶׁת, i.e. Baïal Ho 9:10; from (מִן) י׳ Ez 14:7 (of apostasy); hold sacredly aloof from, (מִן) Lv 22:2 (H); abs. Zc 7:3 consecrating my(self ), i.e. by fasting. Hiph. Pf. מִטֻּמְאָתָם וְהִזֵּרְתֶּם אֶת־בְּנֵי־יִשׂ׳ Lv 15:31 (P) and ye shall keep the sons of Isr. sacredly separate from their uncleanness (but rd. perh. וְהִזְהַרְתָּם warn away from—as Ez 3:18, 33:8, 33:9, —so Sam LXX—as to sense—Di Kau).—Vid. also II. [נָוַר].

נֵ֫זֶר n.m.:Ps 132:18 consecration, crown, Naziriteship;—נ׳ abs. 2 S 1:10 +; cstr. Ex 29:6 +; sf. נִזֵרוֹ Ps 89:40 +, נִזְרֵךְ Je 7:29; —

1. crown (sign of consecration; We:Skizzeu iii. 118 cp. Syr. קדשא [ܩܕܳܫܳܐ], earring; v. also Gei:Jüd. Zeitschr. x. 45 ff. on נֶזֶם): a. of kg. 2 S 1:10, 2 K 11:12 = 2 Ch 23:11; symbol of royal power Ps 89:40, 132:18; cf. Pr 27:24; אַבְּנֵי נ׳ Zc 9:16 stones of a crown, diadem (prob.; > We Now—who del., cf. GASm—stones of charming, fr. use of precious stones as charms. b. of high priest, הַקֹּדֶשׁ נ׳ Ex 29:6, made of gold 39:30 Lv 8:9 (all P).

2. woman's hair (orig. prob. of long hair as sign of consecration, as in Nazirite vow, cf. Nu 6:19 infr., and נָזַיר also We:Sklzzen iii. 117, 107; Arab. Heidenthum 2, p. l43 RS:Sem. i. 464. 2d ed. 483), Je 7:29 (of personif. Jerus.).

3. consecration a. of h. p. עליו שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת א׳ נ׳ Lv 21:12 (P) the consecration of the oil of anointing of his God is upon him. b. in Nu 6 (P), specif. of Nazirite consecration (cf. נָזִיר) : אֱלֽהָיו עָלָיו נ׳ Nu 6:7, נֶדֶר נִזְרוֹ v:5, טָמֵא נ׳ v:12, ראֹשׁ נ׳ (because of unshorn hair) v:9, v:18, v:18, יְמֵי נ׳ (כָּל־) v:4, v:8, v:12, v:13 תּוֹרַת נ׳ v:21 b cf. עַל־נ׳ v:21a; in v:19 נ׳ = the hair of his consecration (cf. Je 7:29 supr.).

נָזִיר n.m.:Gn 49:26 one consecrated, devoted (נזיר י׳ Ecclus 46:13 c (of Samuel); cf. Syr. ܢܙܺܝܪ RS:Sem. i. 463,2d ed. 483);—נ׳ abs. Nu 6:2 + 5 t.; cstr. נְזִיר Gn 49:26 + 4 t.; sf. נְזִירֶָח Lv 25:5; pl. נְזִרִים Am 2:11, 2:12; sf. נְוִדֶיהָ Lv 25:11, נְזִירֶיהָ La 4:7; —

1. of prince, ruler, as consecrated: נְזִיר אֶחָיו Gn 49:26 (poem in J), one consecrated among his brethren, = Dt 33:16; cf. נְזִירֶיהָ La 4:7 her princes.

2. specif. of one dedicated to י׳ by vow involving abstinence fr. intoxicants, fr. touching corpse, and fr. cutting hair (cf. נֵזֶר 2), devotee (GFM), Nazirite: אֱלּהִים נ׳ God's devotee, of Samson Ju 13:5, 13:7, 16:17 (exceptionally, from birth); usu. voluntary Am 2:11, 2:12, and for limited time, cf. נֶדֶר נ׳ Nu 6:2 (of man or woman; cf. Peritz:JBL xvii (1898), 128), תּוֹרַת נ׳ v:13, v:21, also v:18, v:19, v:20 (all P; cf. also נֵזֶר).—On Naz. v. GFM:Ju 13:5 Dr:Am 2:11, esp. Grill:JPTh. 1880, 645–680 Now:Arch. ii, § 97 Benz:Arch. 429 f. Gray:JThs. Jan. 1900, 201 ff.

3. = untrimmed vine (like Nazirite with unshorn hair) Lv 25:5, 25:11 (HP).

† [נָזַר] vb. denom. Hiph. be a Nazirite, live as Nazirite, sq. מִן (abstaining) from (so NH);—only Nu 6 in law of Naz.: Pf. וְהִזִּיר לי׳ consec. v:12; Impf. יַזִּיר לי׳ v:5; also יַזִּיר …מִיַּיִן v:3 from wine… he shall abstain as a Nazirite; Inf. לְהַזּיר לְי׳ v:2, כָּלָ־יְמֵי הַזּירוֹ לי׳ v:6.

† [מִנְזָר] n.[m.] pl. perh. consecrated (i.e. anointed) ones, princes;—only sf. מִנְּזָרַ֫יִךְ Na 3:17 with d. f. dirim. Ges:§ 20 h (of Nineveh);—form dub.; Kö:ii. J, 90 prop. מְנֻזָּרַיַךְ = thy crowned ones; Gr רוֹזְנַיִךְ; Now GASm leave untranslated.

נֹחַ n.pr. v. נַחְבִי נוח n.pr. v. חבה p. 286, 629

[נָחָה] vb. lead, guide (Ar. نَحَا go in direction of, turn (eyes) toward) ;—Qal Pf. sf. נָחַ֫נִי Gn 24:27 + 2 t.; וְנָֽחְֲ Is 58:11; נָחָם Ex 13:17; 2 ms. נָחִ֫יתָ Ex 15:13, Ps 77:21 Imv. נְחֵה Ex 32:34; sf. נְחֵנִי Ps 5:9 + 2 t.;—lead, bring, sq. acc. pers., subj. man Ex 32:34 (sq. אֶל־), cf. Ps 60:11, 108:11 (both sq. עַד־; ‖הוביל); usu. subj. י׳ Gn 24:27 (J ; also sq. בַּדֶּרֶח + acc. loc.), Ex 13:17 (E ; sq. דֶּרֶח), 15:13 (song; ‖נהל), Ps 77:21; fig. of guidance in prosperity and righteousness Ps 5:9 (‖הושׁר דרך), 27:11 (sq. בְּאֹרַה; ‖הורה דרך), 139:24 (sq. בדרך עולם); cf. Is 58:11. Hiph. Pf. sf. הִנְחַ֫נִי Gn 24:48; 2 ms. sf. הִנְחִתָם Ne 9:12; Impf. sf. יַנְחֵ֫נִי Nu 23:7, Ps 23:3; יַנְחֶ֫נּוּ Dt 32:12, Pr 18:16; 3 fs. תַּנְחֶה Pr 6:22, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. לְהַנְחֹתָּם Ne 9:19; לַנְחֹתָם Ex 13:21; —lead, guide (= Qal) sq. acc. pers. Nu 23:7 (JE; + מִן).—1 S 22:4 (+ אֶת־פְּנֵי), 1 K 10:26, 2 K 18:11 v. sub נוח Hiph. B.—; of guiding= treating kindly (the helpless) Jb 31:18, of guiding constellations 38:32 (‖הוחיא); usu. subj. י׳ Gn 24:48 (J; sq. בַּדֶּרֶח) Dt 32:12, Ps 78:14, 78:53, 78:72 (Isr. as flock; ‖רעה); Is 57:18, Ps 107:30 (sq. אֶל־); cf. of pillar of cloud Ex 13:21 (J), Ne 9:12, 9:19; also Jb 12:23 (‖שׁטח), Ps 67:5; esp. in path of blessing Ps 23:3, 31:4 (‖נהל), 61:3 (sq. בְּ), 73:24; cf. 43:3, 139:10 (‖אחז), 143:10 (sq. בְּ); also of instruction, etc., Pr 6:22, 11:3, 18:16 (sq. לִפְנֵי).

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I. I. נחל (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. نَحَلَ give for one's own, bestow, so Sab. נחל Sab. Denkm:No. 9. i. 10; No. 15, i. 4; cf. pp. 41, 65; hence נַחֲלָה orig. gift, as Sab. נחלת Levy-Os:ZMG xix (1865), 284 Sab. Denkm:l.c.; Min. id., Hom:Südar. Chrest. 128).

נַחֲלָה:224 n.f. possession, property, inheritance (orig. gift; NH = BH);—נ׳ Nu 18:23 +; נַחֲלָת Ps 16:6 (Ges:§ 90 g), rd. נַחֲלָתִי EwSS We Kö:ii. 1, 425; cstr. נַחֲלַת Jos 13:23; sf. נַחֲלָתִי Ru 4:6; נַחֲלַתְכֶם Ps 105:11; pl. נְחָלוֹת Is 49:8, נְחָלֽת Jos 19:51;

1. property: a. in Canaan given by י׳ to Israel, †נחלת ישׂראל Ju 20:6; †יעקב נ׳ Is 58:14, esp. †אֲשֶׁר נֹתֵן לְְ נַחֲלָה Dt 4:21, 15:4, 19:10, 20:16, 21:28, 24:4, 25:19, 26:1 (all D); הנחלה אשׁר הנחלתי את עמי Je 12:14. b. distrib. among tribes: לְ נתן נ׳ Nu 16:14, 36:2, Jos 14:3 (restore לְ), 17:4, 17:14, 19:49 (all P); לְ נתן לנ׳ Dt 29:7, Jos 11:23, 14:13 (all D:2); נָֽחֲלוּ נחלהJos 17:6(J); תֵּחָלֵק בּנ׳ Nu 26:53, 26:56 (P); נפל בּנחלה Nu 34:2 (P), Ju 18:1, Ez 47:22; הפיל בנ׳ Jos 13:6, 23:4 (D:2), Ez 45:1, 47:22, also v:22 (Co rds. ב for מ). c. nations as possession of the people, Ps 111:6; of the king 2:8. d. Levites have no property in the land Nu 18:23, 18:24, Dt 10:9, 12:12; their possession is י׳ Nu 18:20 (P); הוּא נחלתו י׳ Dt 10:9, 18:2, Jos 13:14, 13:33 (all D); the tithes Nu 18:21, 18:24, 18:26 (P). e.י׳ takes Isr. as his property, 1 S 10:1, 1 K 8:53, 2 K 21:14, Is 19:25, Mi 7:18, Ps 33:12, 68:10, 106:5; עם נחלה Dt 4:20 (D:2); עַמְְּ וְנַחֲלָֽתְְ Dt 9:26, 9:29 (D), 1 K 8:51; ‖עַם Is 47:6, Jo 2:17, 4:2, Mi 7:14, Ps 28:9, 78:62, 78:71, 94:5, 94:14, 106:40; נחלת י׳ 1 S 26:19, 2 S 20:19, 21:3; אלהים נ׳ 2 S 14:16; יעקב חבל נ׳ Dt 32:9; שׁבט נ׳ Je 10:16 = 51:19, Ps 74:2; שׁבטי נ׳ Is 63:17; also, the holy mt. Ex 15:17 (song), temple Je 12:7, Ps 79:1, land Je 2:7, 12:8, 12:9, 16:18, 50:11. †

2. portion, share: a. assigned by God, Is 54:17, Ps 37:18, 127:3; elsewh. ‖חֵלֶק Jb 20:29, 27:13, 31:2. b. by choice, ‖חֵלֶק, לנו בבן ישׁי לא נ׳ 2 S 20:1 we have no share in the son of Jesse = 1 K 12:16 = 2 Ch 10:16.

3. inheritance (45 t.) חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה בְּבֵית אָבִּינוּ Gn 31:14 (E) portion or inheritance in the house of our father; לְ העביר נ׳ Nu 27:7, 27:8 (P) cause the inheritance to pass unto; לְ נתן נ׳ Nu 27:9, 27:10, 27:11 (P), Jb 42:15; † נחלת אבות Nu 36:3, 36:8, 1 K 21:3, 21:4, Pr 19:14; לבניו תהיה נ׳ Ez 46:16.

נָחַל vb. denom. get or take as a possession (cf. Gerber:236 ff.; Ecclus נחל 45:22 b +; NH id. (rare));—Qal Pf. נ׳ Zc 2:16; 2 ms. נָחַלְתָּ Ex 23:20 + 8 t. Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יִנְחַלְ Is 57:13; 3 mpl. יִנְחֲלוּ Nu 18:23 +5 t.; יִנְחָָלוּ 26:55 + 2 t.; + 8 t. Impf.; Inf. נְחֹל Nu 34:18, Jos 19:49; —

1. take possession, inherit: a. land of Canaan, Ex 23:30 (E), 32:13 (J), Is 57:13, Ez 47:14; Zoin and Judah Ps 69:37. b. special sections in the land, of tribes and individuals, נחל נחלה Jos 17:6 (J); נחלה אשׁר נ׳ Dt 19:14 (D), Nu 35:8 (P), cf. Jos 14:1 (P); without acc., have or get a (landed) property, Nu 18:20, 18:23, 18:24, 26:55, 32:19, Jos 16:4, 19:9, (all P), Ju 11:3. c. land of Moab and Ammon by conquest Zp 2:9; landed property בכל הנוים Ps 82:8. d. God takes possession of Israel as his private property Ex 34:9 (J); Judah Zc 2:16.

2. fig. have or get as a possession, property: testimonies Ps 119:111, glory Pr 3:35, good things 28:10, lies Je 16:19, wind Pr 11:29, simplicity 14:18.

3. divide the land for a possession, Nu 34:17, 34:18, Jos 19:49 (all P; incorrect pointing for Piel, so S.S).

Pi. divide for a possession: Pf. 3 ms. נִחַל Jos 13:32; 3 pl. נִחֲלוּ Jos 14:1, 19:51; Inf. נַחֵל Nu 34:29 (all P); also Nu 34:17, 34:18, Jos 19:49 (v. Qal 3).

Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. sf. הִתְנַחֲלוּם Is 24:2; 2 mpl. הִתְנַחַלְתֶּם Lv 25:46, Nu 33:54; Impf. תִּתְנַחֲלוּ Nu 34:13, Ez 47:13; תִּתְנֶחָָלוּ Nu 33:54; Inf. הִתְנַחֵל Nu 32:18; possess oneself of land (acc.), Nu 33:54, 34:13 (P) Ez 47:13; נחלה Nu 32:18 (P); slaves Lv 25:46 (P) Is 14:2; abs., ref. to land Nu 33:54 (P); all c. לְ pers. (for whose benefit), exc. Nu 32:18, 34:13, Is 14:2.

Hiph. Pf. 1 S. הִנְחַ֫לְתִּי Je 3:18 + 3 t. Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יַנְחִיל Dt 3:28; יַנְחִל Ez 46:18; 2 ms. sf. תַּנְחִילֶנָּה Dt 31:7 + 5 t. Impf.; Inf. cstr. הַנְחִיל Is 49:8, Pr 8:21; בְּהַנְחֵל Dt 32:8 (on form cf. Ew:§ 238 d Kö:i. 315 Ges:§ 53 k; rd. בְּהַנְחִל?); sf. הַנְחִילוֹ Dt 21:16; Pt. מַנְחִיל Dt 12:10; —1. give as a possession: a. land of Canaan (given by י׳ or his servants), acc. pers. et rei, Dt 1:38, 3:28, 12:10, 19:3, 31:7, Jos 1:6 (all D), Je 3:18, 12:14. b. various things, acc. pers. et rei, espec. blessings, Zc 8:12, 1 S 2:8, Pr 8:21; acc. rei Is 49:8; acc. pers. Dt 32:8. 2. cause to inherit, give as an inheritance, c. acc. pers. et rei, Dt 21:16; acc. pers. + מן rei, Ez 46:18; acc. pers. Pr 13:22; ל pers. 1 Ch 28:8. Hoph. Pf. 1 S. הָנְחַלְתּי Jb 7:3 made to possess, c. acc. rei, e.g. months of vanity.

636

[נְחִילָה] n.f. meaning unknown; only; pl. in phr. אֶל־הַנְּחִילוֹת Ps 5:1 (title); most conj. = נְחִלּוֹתחלל = חָלִיל flute; v. against this Bae:Einl. xi, who thinks (cf. LXX ὑπὲρ τῆς Κληρονομούσης = אֶל־הַנֹּחֶלֶת [cf. Vulgate], Jerome [Aq. Symm] pro hereditatibus = אֶל־הַנְּחָלֽת) possibly designation of a melody.

II . נָחַל (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

† I. נַ֫חַל n.m.:2 K 3:16 torrent, torrent-valley, wady (Ecclus 40:13, 40:16; NH id., stream (rare); Targum נַחְלָא ܢܰܚܠܳܐ, = BH; As. naḫlu = BH; Lag:BN 140 Anm. thinks Νεῖλοσ may be from Νεέλ = נַחַל pronounced …נִהִל; on נ׳ in Sab. n.pr.loc., v. Hal:Rev. Sėmit. iv(1896), 80, 1, 14);—abs. נ׳ Gn 32:24 +, נַ֫חְלָה Ps 124:4; cstr נַחַל Gn 26:17 +; c. ה loc., 34:5 so read also Ez 47:19, 48:28 (where MT נַחֲלָ֫ה; v. Thes); du. נַחֲלַיִם Ez 47:9, but rd. הַנַּחַל LXX. Targum SyrVer Vulgate Co Berthol; pl. נְחָלִים Nu 21:4 +; נַחֲלֵי Dt 8:7 +; sf. נְחֶלֶיהָ Is 34:9; —

1. torrent, of rushing water in narrow channel Ju 5:21, 5:21, 5:21, 4:7, 4:13, Ps 83:10 (all of קִישֹׁן, q.v.); mountain torrent Dt 9:21 (cf. Ex 32:20); so Am 5:24 (sim. of righteousness); הַשּׁוֹטֵף הַנּ׳ 2 Ch 32:4 (‖מַעְיָנוֹת); לְזֶפֶת נֶהְפְּכוּ נ׳ Is 34:9; sim. of tears La 2:18; hyperb. ־שָָׁמֶןנ׳ Mi 6:7 torrents of oil, cf. of honey and curd Jb 20:17 (‖פְּלַגּוֹת, נְהָרִים); fig. בְלִיַּעַל נ׳ 2 S 22:5 torrents of worthlessness (‖מִשְׁבְּרֵי מָ֫וֶת), = Ps 18:5; שׁוֹטֵף נ׳ sim. of glory of nations Is 66:12, fig. of invaders Je 47:2 (‖מַיִס), or foes Ps 124:4 (נַ֫חְלָה, v. supr.); 1 K 17:4, 17:6 (for drinking), drying up in summer v:7 (יָבֵשׁ; all of Elijah's stream כְּרִית, q.v.); for drinking also Ps 110:7, and (fig.) עֲדָנֶיְ נ׳ 36:9; Jb 6:15, 6:15 (אֲפִיק נְחָלִים; in sim.); of water bursting from rock Ps 78:20 (שָׁטַף, ‖מַיִם), cf. 74:15 (+ מַעְיָן); fig. of מְקוֹר חָכְמָה Pr 18:4 (נֹבֵּעַ נ׳; ‖מַיִם עֲמֻקִים); more gen. = stream, brook, river (chiefly late) Is 11:15 (divisions of river, נָהָר) in desert 35:6 (‖מַיִם), Je 31:9 (נַחֲלֵי מַיִם), Ez 47:5, 47:5, 47:9 b (all del. Co), v:6; v:7; v:9a (rd. הַנַּחַל, v. supr.), v:12; containing fish, etc. Lv 11:9, 11:10 (‖מַיִם, יַמִּים), Ec 1:7, 1:7; fig. רוּחַ י׳, Is 30:28 (שׁוֹטֵף נ׳, 30:33 (גָּפְרִית נ׳).

2. Torrent-valley, wady, as stream-bed 1 S 17:40, Ne 2:15, Is 57:6; with torrent flowing through it, אֵיתָן נ׳ Dt 21:4, 21:4, 21:6, אֶרֶץ נַחֲלֵי מַיִם Dt 8:7 (‖עֲיָנֹת וּתְהֹמֹת יֹּחְאִים בַּבִּקְעָה), cf. 10:7, 1 K 18:5 (‖מַעְיְנֵי הַמַיִם), Ps 104:10; abode of Elijah 1 K 17:3, 17:5 (cf. v:4, v:6, v:7 supr.); עֹרְבֵי נ׳ Pr 30:17 (cf. 1 K 17:4, 17:6); הַבַּתּוֹת נ׳ Is 7:19 as home of bees; fertile, אֶשְׁכֹּל נ׳ Nu 13:23, 13:24 (E); אִבֵּי הַנּ׳ Ct 6:11; עַרְבֵי־נ׳ poplars of the wady Lv 23:40 (H), Jb 40:22; עֲרָבִים נ׳ Is 15:7; needing water Gn 26:17 (גְּרָר נ׳), v:19 (J), cf. 2 K 3:16, 3:17; place for refuse, ruins, etc. 2 S 17:13; poet. also as wild, remote ravine Jb 30:6, cf. בְּחוּר הַנְּחָלִים 22:24; place of child-sacrifice Is 57:5; burial-place Jb 21:33 (רִגְבֵי נ׳),—Nu 24:6 v. II. נַ֫חַל.

Particular wadys designate localities: אַרְנוֹן Nu 21:14 (E), Dt 2:24, 2:36, 2:36, 3:8, 3:12, 3:16, 3:16, 4:48, Jos 12:1, 12:2, 12:2, 13:9, 13:9 (all D), v:16, v:16 (P), 2 K 10:33; אֶשְׁכֹּל Nu 32:9 (J), Dt 1:24 בְּשׂוֹר 1 S 30:9, 30:10, 30:21; גָּד 2 S 24:5; זֶרֶד Nu 21:12 (E), Dt 2:13, 2:13, 2:14; יַכֹּק Gn 32:24 (J), Dt 2:37 3:16 Jos 12:2 (all D); קִדְרוֹן 2 S 15:23, 1 K 2:37, 15:13, 18:40, 23:6, 23:6, 23:12, 2 Ch 15:16, 29:16, 30:14, Je 31:40; קָנָה Jos 16:8, 17:9, 17:9, 17:9 (all P); שׂוֹרֵק Ju 16:4; הַשִּׁטִּים נ׳ Jo 4:18; נ׳ מִחְרַיִם is SW. limit of Pal. (As. naḫal [mat] Muṣri, Dl: Par. 310 Schr:COT Nu 34:5) Nu 34:5 (P), Jos 15:4 (D), v:47 (P), 1 K 8:65, 2 K 24:7, 2 Ch 7:8, Is 27:12, + (om. מחרים) Ez 47:19 48:28 (v. supr.); so rd. also poss. Am 6:14 (v. עֲרָבָה: usually identified with Wâdy el-Arîsh; on Wkl's different view, v. reff. sub מִחְרַיִם ad fin.); on idenif. of נ׳ Jos 15:7, 19:11 (both P), 2 S 23:30 = 1 Ch 11:32, 2 Ch 20:16, 33:14, v. Comm.; אָשֶׁד הַנְּחָלִים Nu 21:15, v. אֶשֶׁד.

3. Miner's shaft, פָּרַץ נ׳ Jb 28:4.

† II. [נַ֫חַל] n.[m.] perh. palm-tree (Ar. نَخْلُ, n. unit. نَخْلَةُ; v. Perles:JQ, July, 1899, 688);—only pl. abs., כִּנְחָלִים נִטָָּיוּ Nu 24:6 like palm-trees, which are stretched out, spread out (as to foliage). So Perles:l.c, who compares כערבי נחל Ecclus 50:12e, LXX ὡς στελέχη φοινικων.

נַחֲלִיאֵל n.pr.loc. (= valley—or plam—of Ēl);—station of Isr. E. of Dead Sea Nu 21:19, 21:19 (JE), poss. (if = valley) one of main tributaries of Arnon, e.g. W. Wâle (v. Bliss:PEF 1895, 204, 215).

נֶחֱלָמִי adj. gent. (noun not found);—Je 29:24; also v:31, v:32 (Where van d. H. נֶחְלָמִי).

נַחֲלָת v. נַחֲלֶה. p. 635

† [נחם] vb. Niph. be sorry, console, oneself, etc. (only in der. species) (NH Pi. comfort; Ph. in n.pr. Lzb:322; Targum Pa. = NH, and deriv.; Chr Pal Aram. Pa. id., Schwally:Idiot. 54; Ar. نَحَمَ breathe pantingly (of horse));—Niph. Pf. נִחַם Am 7:3 + 4 t.; נִחָם Je 20:16 + 2 t.; 1 S. נִחַמְתִּי Gn 6:7 + 8 t.; נִחָָמְתִּי Zc 8:14; 2 mpl. נִחַמְתֶּם Ez 14:22; Impf. יִנָּחֵם Ex 13:17 + 6 t.; וַיִּנָּ֫תֶם Gn 6:6 + 6 t.; + 5 t. Impf.; Imv. הִנָּחֵם Ex 32:12, Ps 90:13.; Inf. הִנָּחֵם Je 31:15, 1 S 15:29; Pt. נִחָם Ju 21:15 + 3 t.;—

1. be sorry, moved to pity, have compassion, for others, abs. Je 15:6; c. על Ps 90:13; אֶל Ju 21:6; לְ v:15; מִן 2:18.

2. be sorry, rue, suffer grief, repent, of one's own doings, abs. Ex 13:17 (E), Ps 106:45, Je 20:16, Jo 2:14, Zc 8:14; ‖שׁקּר 1 S 15:29, 15:29; מאס Jb 42:6; שׁוב Je 4:28, 31:19, Jon 3:9; חוּס Ez 24:14; לא נ׳, ‖נשׂבע Ps 110:4; c. עַל Am 7:3, 7:6, Je 8:6, 18:10; על־הרעה for ill done to others Ex 32:12, 32:14 (J), Je 18:8, Jo 2:13, Jon 3:10, 4:2; אל־הרעה 2 S 24:16 = 1 Ch 21:15 (על), Je 26:8, 26:13, 26:19, 42:10; כְּי Gn 6:6, 6:7 (J), 1 S 15:11, 15:35.

3. comfort oneself, be comforted: abs. Gn 38:12 (J) Ps 77:3 Ez 31:16; c. עַל 2 S 13:39 Je 31:15; על הרעה, concerning the evil Ez 14:22, 32:31; אחרי Gn 24:67 (J).

4. comfort oneself, ease oneself, by taking vengeance c. מן Is 1:24; על 57:6.

Piel Pf. נִחַם Is 49:13; + 8 t. Pf.; Impf. יְנַחֵם Jb 29:25; 3 mpl. יְנַחֲמוּ Jb 42:11; יְנַחֵמָוּן Zc 10:2 + 13 t. Impf.; Imv. נַחֲמוּ Is 40:1, 40:1; Inf. נַחֵם Is 61:2; sf. נַחֲמוֹ Gn 37:35 + 9 t. Inf.; Pt. מְנַחֵם La 1:2, pl. מְנַחֲמִים Ps 69:21. + 11 t. Pt.—comfort, console, abs. Gn 37:35 (J), 1 Ch 19:3 = 2 S 10:3; Ps 69:21, Ec 4:1, 4:1, Zc 10:2, Na 3:7, La 1:16; c. acc. pers. Gn 50:21 (E) 2 S 12:24, 1 Ch 7:21, 19:2, Jb 2:11, 7:13, 21:34, 29:25, Ru 2:13, Ps 23:4, 71:21, 119:76, 119:82, Is 12:1, 22:4, 40:1, 40:1, 51:3, 51:3, 51:12, 51:19, 61:2, 66:13, 66:13, Ez 14:23, 16:54, Zc 1:17, La 2:13; ‖עזר Ps 86:17; רַחֵם Is 49:13; גאל Is 52:9; שׂמּח Je 31:13; מן rei Gn 5:29 (J); על Je 16:7 42:11; אל 2 S 10:2 = על 1 Ch 19:2; מְנִחֲמֵי עמל Jb 16:2; אֵין מְנַחֵם לְ La 1:2, 1:9, 1:17, 1:21.

Pual Pf. נֻחָָמָה Is 54:11; Impf. תְּנֻחָָמוּ Is 66:13; be comforted, consoled.

Hithpa. Pf. 1 s. וְהִנֶּחָָמְתּי (for הִתְנ׳; but del. Co) Ez 5:13; Impf. יִתְנֶחָָם Dt 32:36 + 2 t.; 1 s. אֶתְנֶחָם Ps 119:52; Inf. הִתְנַחֵם Gn 37:35; Pt. מִתְנַחֵם Gn 27:421. be sorry, have compassion עַל־עֲבָדָיו upon his servants Dt 32:36 = Ps 135:14. 2. rue, repent of, ‖כזּב, Nu 23:19 (poem). 3. comfort oneself, be comforted, abs. Gn 37:35 (J), Ps 119:52. 4. ease oneself, by taking vengeance Ez 5:13 (?); c. לִ pers. Gn 27:42 (JE): cf.Qal 4.

637

נַ֫חַם n.pr.m (comfort), a chieftain of Judah 1 Ch 4:19; LXX Ναχεθ, A Ναχεμ, LXXL Ναουμ.

נֹ֫חַם n.m. sorrow, repentance, Ho 13:14.

נַחוּם n.pr.m. (comfort) the prophet Nahum, Na 1:1, LXX Ναουμ.

נְחוּם n.pr.m. (comfort) a returned exile Ne 7:7 LXX Ναουμ = רְחוּם Ezr 2:2.

† [נִחוּם] n.m. 1. comfort, pl. נִחֻמִים Is 57:18, Zc 1:13. 2. compassion, sf. נִחוּיָ֑ Ho 11:8 (We rds. רַחֲמָָי).

נְחֶמְיָה n.pr.m. (Yah comforts, LXX Νεεμιας (-ου), etc.;—n.pr. (ו)נחמיה on Isr. scarab in BM, Cl-Gann:Jas 1883, Fêv.-Mars. 156 No. 42);—

1. the son of Hachaliah, governor of Judah under Artaxerxes Longimanus Ne 1:1, 8:9, 10:2, 12:26, 12:47.

2. ruler of half the district of Bethzur Ne 3:16.

3. one of twelve heads of people who returned with Zerubbabel Ezr 2:2 = Ne 7:7.

נַחֲמָנִי n.pr.m. (compassionate) a returned exile Ne 7:7; LXX Νεεμιου (gen.).

† [נֶחָמָה] n.f. comfort, sf. נֶחָמָתִי Ps 119:50, Jb 6:10.

מְנַחֵם n.pr.m. (comforter) king of Northern Israel, 2 K 15:14, 15:16, 15:17, 15:19, 15:20, 15:21, 15:22, 15:23; LXX Μαναημ.

† [תַּנְחוּם] n.m.:Ps 94:19 consolation, only in pl. (usually abstr. and intensive) תַּנְחוּיִם Je 16:7; sf. תַּנְחוּמֶיְ Ps 94:19; תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ Is 66:11; תַּנְחוּמוֹת Jb 15:11; תַּנְחוּמֹתֵיכֶם 21:2.

תַּנְחֻ֫מֶת n.pr.m. (? Lag:BN 126 f. thinks f.) parent of Seraiah, a Hebr. captain, after fall of Jerus. Je 40:8 = 2 K 25:23 ( Lag:l. c. conj. תסחמת, Egyptian name).

נַחְנוּ v. אֲנַחְנוּ p. 59 b supr.

† [נָחַץ] vb. urge (?), whence (si vera l.);—Qal Pt. pass. (active Pt. in u, acc. to Ba:NB 175), דְּבַד הַמֶּלֶח נָחוּץ 1 S 21:9 the king's business was urgent (LXX κατὰ σπουδήν, A κατασπεῦδον). (Thes cp. Ar.نَحَضَ ursit instititgue rogando [Kam Frey]); text dub.; HPS נָאוֹץ (from אוץ), > נחושׁ.

נחר (prob. onomatop. √ of foll; cf. As. naḫîru, nostril; Ar. نَخَرَ snort, نُخَرُ nostril; Eth. nxra: snort; Syr. ܢܚܰܪ id., ܢܚܺܝܪܳܐ nostril; Targum נְחִירָא id.; also NH Pi. snort).—נָחַר Je 6:29 etc., v. I. חרר.

† [נַ֫חַר] n. [m.] a snorting; sf. נַחְרוֹ Jb 39:20 (of horse).

† [נַחֲרָה] n.f. id.;—cstr. נַחֲרַת סוּסָיו Je 8:16.

נָחוֹר n.pr.m. (connexion with √ obscure);—

1. father of Teraḥ Gn 11:22, 11:23, 11:24, 11:25 (all P), 1 Ch 1:26.

2. son of Teraḥ and brother of Abr. Gn 11:26, 11:27 (P), v:29, v:29, 22:20, 22:23, 24:15, 24:24, 24:47 cf. 29:5 (all J), Jos 24:2 (E); עִיר נ׳ Gn 24:10 (J); אֶלֽהֵי נ׳ 31:53 (E).—LXX always Ναχωρ.

638

[נָחִיר n. [m.] nostril (appar. fr. above √, and not connected with Ar.نَحَرَ stab camel in wind-pipe, etc., Aram. נְחַר kill by stabbing, in nose or throat, cf. NH נָחַר perforate, kill by stabbing, so that נָחִיר would = perforation, and דהֵוֹנֶחר snort wd. be denom.);—only du. sf מִנְּחִירָיו יֵחֵא עָשָׁן Jb 41:12 (of crocodile).

נַחֲרַי n.pr.m. one of David's heroes, 2 S 23:37; LXX Γελωρε, LXXL Αραια; = † נַחְרַי 1 Ch 11:39; LXX Ναχωρ, A Νααραι, LXXL Νοαραι.

1. נחשׁ (appar. onomatop.√ of foll.= hiss, so Thes Bau:Sem, Rel. i. 287 al.).

†I. נָחָשׁ n.m.:Gn 3:1 serpent (NH id.; Ar.حَنَشَ serpent, viper (Lane:406 anything hunted) is cp. by Lag:M, i, 230; BN 50, 188 Ba:Es 48, but imporb.; Ar نَحِسَ v. sub [נָחַשׁ infr.; on formation cf. Lag:BN 50);—abs. נ׳ Am 5:19 +; cstr. נְחַשׁ Nu 21:9 + 2 t.; pl. נְחָשִׁים Nu 21:6, Je 8:17; —

1. serpent: a. as biting, Am 5:19, Ec 10:8, in spite of charm (לַחַשׁ) v:11 [cf. Ecculs 12:13], Je 8:17 (+ חִפְעֹנִים; fig. of enemies); so הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְׁרָפִים Nu 21:6 (deadly; JE; cf. Jacob:Arab. Dicht. iv. 10 ff.), and sg. v:9, also (coll.) v:7 cf. שָׂרָף נ׳ Dt 8:15 (+ עַקְרָב); נ׳ fig. of oppressor, מִשֹּׁרֶשׁ נָחָשׁ יֵחֵא חֶפַע וּפִרְיוֹ שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Is 14:29; fig. of Dan Gn 49:17 (poem in J; ‖שְׁפִיפֹן); הֲמַת נ׳ Ps 58:5 (sim. of perniciousness of ungodly), cf. נ׳ 140:4; sim. of effect of wine Pr 22:32 (‖חִפִעֹנִי). b. rod becomes נ׳ Ex 4:3 (J), cf. 7:15 (E); עֲלֵי חוּר דֶּרֶח נ׳ Pr 30:19. c. נ׳ (appar.) as hissing Je 46:22 (in sim., cf. Gie); as eating dust Is 65:25 cf. Mi 7:17 (in sim.; v. also Gn 3:14). d. as crafty tempter Gn 3:1, 3:2, 3:4, 3:13, 3:14.

2. נְּחשֶׁת(הַ) נ׳, bronze image of serpent Nu 21:9, 21:9, 2 K 18:4 (cf. נְחֻשְׁתָּן).

3. mythol. בָּרִחַ נ׳ Jb 26:13 fleeing serpent, of eclipse-dragon (cf. לִנְיָתָן 3:6); also …בּרִחַ לִוְיָתָן נ׳ עֲקַלָּתוֹן לִוְיָתָן נ׳ Is 27:1 (symbol. of world-powers); נ׳ of sea-monster Am 9:3.—נ׳ c. vb. נָשַׁח bite Nu 21:6 + 8 t. On supernat. character of serpents in Arab. belief v. Nö:Zeitschr. fürVölkerpsychol. i.(1860), 412–416 RS:Kinship197; Sem. i. 421 f., 2d ed, 442 We:Skizzen iii.147; Arab. Heid. 2, 152 f. Jacob:Arab. Dicht. iv. 5

†II. נָחָשׁ n.pr.m. 1. king of Ammon 1 S 11:1, 11:1, 11:2, 12:12, 2 S 10:2, 1 Ch 19:1, 19:2; perh. also 2 S 17:27; LXX Ναας. 2. father of Abigail and Zeruiah 2 S 17:25, si vera l.: LXX Ναας, but LXXL Ιεσσαι (cf. 1 Ch 2:16); We:Gesch. 2. 57 Anm. 1 Löhr defend נחשׁ; dub. We:Sm HPS. 3. giving name to a city, עִיר נ׳ 1 Ch 4:12, LXX πόλεως Ναας; LXXL Ηρναας.

נַחְשׁוֹן n.pr.m. son of Aminadab, of Judah, brother-in-law of Aaron Ex 6:23, Nu 1:7, 2:3, 7:12, 7:17, 10:14 (all P), Ru 4:20, 4:20, 1 Ch 2:10, 2:11 LXX Ναασσων (DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1888), 15 cp. Sab. tribal name נחסן).

II. [נָחַשׁ vb. only Pi. practise divination, divine, observe signs (denom. fr. נָהָשׁ acc. to Nö:Zeitschr. f. Völkerpsychol. i (1860), 413 Bau:Sem. Rel. i. 287 Lag:BN 188 Gerber:Verb. Denom. 29; otherwise We:Skizzen iii. 147 Me:Chrest. Targ. 8.v. Ba:ES 48 (agst. him v. Sta:Th Lz April 28, 1894, 235); chief difficulty is that Aram., which has נַחֵשׁ, has no נָחָשׁ cf. RS:JPh.xiv.115; —NH Qal Pt. נוֹחֵשׁ, and Pi.; Aram. Pa. נַחֵשׁ, ܢܫܚܶܫ, all = divine, learn by omens; perh. cp. also Ar. نَحِسَ be unlucky Lane:2775 cf. Me:1.c);—Pf. 3 ms. וְנִחֵשׁ 2 K 21:6, 2 Ch 33:6; 1s. נִחַ֫שְׁתִּי Gn 30:27; Impf. יְגַחֵשׁ Gn 44:5, 44:15; 3 mpl. יְנַחֲשׁוּ 1 K 20:33, וַיְנַחָָשׁוּ 2 K 17:17; 2 mpl. תְּנַחֲשׁוּ Lv 19:26; Inf. abs. נַחֵשׁ1 K 20:33; Pt. מְנַחֵשׁ Dt 18:10 (cf. esp. RS:JPh. xiv..113 ff.);—

1. practise divination Gn 44:5 (J; by means of cup, i.e. by hydromancy), with implied power to learn secret things v:15; condemned by proph. writer 2 K 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6 (+ עוֹנֵן וְעָשָׂח אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִים), 2 K 17:17 (‖וַיִּקְסְמוּ קְסָמִים); forbidden in D and H: Dt 18:10 ( + קֹסֵם קְסָמִים מְעוֹנֵן וּמְכַשֵּׁף), Lv 19:26 (H; ‖ תְּעוֹנֵנ֑וּ).

2. observe the signs or omens Gn 30:27 (j); so prob. יְנַחֲשׁוּ 1 K 20:33 now the men were observing the signs.

נַ֫חַשׁ n. [m.] divination, enchantment, only abs. נ׳ Nu 23:23 (JE; ‖קֶסֶם), and pl. abs. נְחָשִׁים Nu 24:1 (JE), both in story of Balsam.

III. נחשׁ (√ of foll., meaning unknown).

I. נְח֫שֶׁת:137 n.m.:1 K 7:45 (cf. Albrecht:ZAW xvi (1896), 108; f.1 Ch 18:8) copper, bronze (NH = BH; Ph. נחשת; Palm. נחשא Lzb:322; Syr. ܢܚܳܫܳܐ, Targum נְחָשָׁא, Ar. نُحَاسُ, Eth. n4hs: (so also OEth. DHM:Epigr. Denkm. aus Abess. (1894), 52); WMM:As. u. Eur. 127 cites Egypt. teḥ(ḥ)ost, copper (= *tenḥost), as loan-wd. fr. נְחשֶׁת + fem. art.);—נ׳ abs. Gn 4:22 +; cstr. Ex 38:29; sf. נְחֻשְׁתִּי La 3:7, נְחֻשְׁתֵח Ez 16:36, נְחֻשְׁתָּהּ 24:11, נְחֻשְׁתָּם 2 K 25:13 + 2 t.; du. נְחֻשְׁתַּ֫יִם Ju 16:21 + 6 t.;—

1. copper, as ore Dt 8:9, cf. Zc 6:8; worked by artificer Gn 4:22 (J) 1 K 7:14, 7:14, 2 Ch 24:12; material—doubtless hardened with alloy, prob. tin, making bronze, cf. Now:Arch. i. 243 Benz:Arch. 214—of armour 1 S 17:5, 17:6, 1 K 14:27, utensils 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18, Lv 6:21, Nu 17:4 + very oft., altar 2 K 16:14, 16:15, Ex 38:30, 39:39, etc., and other objects Nu 21:9, 21:9 (JE), 2 K 18:4, 1 K 4:13, 7:15 ff. +, esp. in description of tabernacle and temple; cast 1 K 7:14; polished מְמֹרָט v:45, מָרוּק 2 Ch 4:16 (cf. Lv 6:21); and shining מֻחְהָב Ezr 8:27. On קָלָל נ׳ Ez 1:7, Dn 10:6 v. קלל; נ׳ as spoil of war 2 S 8:8, 2 K 25:13 = Je 52:17, 52:20 etc. †

2. fetters of copper or bronze, usu. du. Ju 16:21, 2 S 3:34, 2 K 25:7 = Je 39:7, 52:11, 2 Ch 36:6, also 33:11; sg. only La 3:7 (fig. of oppression).

3. as less in value than gold but more than wood Is 60:17, 60:17; fig. of worthless people Je 6:28 (+ בַּרְזֶל), id. (as dross of silver) Ez 22:18 (+ בְּדִיל, בַּרְזֶל, עוֹפֶרֶת ).—On Ez 16:36 v. IV. נחשׁ.

4. fig. of pitiless sky Dt 28:23.

639

נָחוּשׁ adj. of bronze;—אִם־בְּשָׂרִי נ׳ Jb 6:12 or is my flesh of bronze ? fig. for strong, enduring (‖אֲבָנִים; cf. 40:18 ).

נְחוּשָׁה and (Lv 26:19, Jb 40:18) נְחֻשָׁה n. f. copper, bronze (only poet.; cf. I. נְחשֶׁת);—נ׳ alw. abs.;—

1. copper produced from ore by melting Jb 28:2.

2. copper, doubtless hardened with alloy, = bronze, as material of bow 2 S 22:35 = Ps 18:35, Jb 20:24; gates Is 45:2; fig. of strength Jb 40:18 (bones of hippopotamus), cf. 41:19, Mi 4:13 (hoofs of Zion); of obstinate brow Is 48:4 (‖גִּיד בַּרְזֶל עָרְפְֶָּ); unproductive earth Lv 26:19.

נְחֻשְׁתָּא n. pr. f. mother of king Jehoiakin 2 K 24:8; LXX Νεσθα, A Ναισθα, LXXL Νεεσθαν.

נְחֻשְׁתָּן n. pr. f. given to bronze serpent 2 K 18:4 prob. = bronze-god (so Thes, v. also Bau:Sem. Rel. i. 288; cf. נְחַשׁ נְחשֶׁת v:4, Nu 21:9, 21:9 );—chief arg. ag. this are vocalization of LXX Νεσθαλει, A LXXL Νε(ε)σθαν, and comparat. unimportance of material of wh. image was made; others think of נָחָשׁ serpent (Nö:ZMG xlii (1888), 482 תן + נחשׁ, Klo:ad loc. יתן + נחשׁ); Lag:BN 188, 205 thinks loan-wd.

IV. נחשׁ (poss. √ of foll., si vera l.; but precise meaning uncertain; Gei:Urschrift 392 cp. Ar. نَخَس [= goad, prick; نِخَاسُ a certain piece of perforated wood (Frey)], NH נְחשֶׁת [bottom of vessel, Levy:NHWB iii. 374]).

† II. [נְח֫שֶׁת] n.[f.] sf. נְחֻשְׁתֵּח Ez 16:36 where context (‖עֶרְוָה) favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen. (Co [citing Ki Ra] Berthol, v. also Da); text perh. crpt. (cf. Nö:ZMG xl (1886). 730); Sm prop. תַּזְנוּתַיִךְ, so appar. Toy:Hpt; Or בָּשְׁתֵּךְ.

† [נָחֵת] vb. (Aram. and poet.) go down, descend (Aram. נְחֵת, ܢܚܬ; Palm. נחת Lzb:323);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יֵחַת Je 21:13; 3 fs. תֵּ֫חַת Pr 17:10, וַתִּנְחַת Ps 38:3; 3 mpl. יֵחַָתּוּ Jb 21:13 (forms יֵחַת, יֵחַתּוּ v. also חתת);—

1. go down, descend, to attack Je 21:13; into Shₑ’ôl Jb 21:13.

2. fig. descend in chastisement Ps 38:3 (hand of י׳; ‖ Niph. v. infr.); sq. בְּ descend into i.e. make impression on, Pr 17:10 (of reproof). Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. נִחֲתוּ sq. בְּ = penetrate Ps 38:3, (of arrows of י׳). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִחַת 2 S 22:35 (v. Ges:§ 145. 7); = 3 fs. וְנִחֲתָה Ps 18:35; Inf. abs. נַחֵת Ps 65:11; —cause to descend = press down, acc. to most, in קֶשֶׁת נְחוּשָׁה זְדֹעֹתָָי וְנ׳ 2 S 22:35 = Ps 18:35 so that my arms press down, stretch, a bow of bronze, but dub.; Bu conj. Hiph. יַנְחִת; HPS וַיָּ֫שֶׁת and makes my arms a bow of bronze; of pressing down, smoothing out, furrows of land Ps 65:11. Hiph. Imv. הַנְחַת Jo 4:11 thither bring down thy heroes, י׳! (on form cf. Ges:§ 64 R. 3 Kö:i. 314 f.).

† II. נַ֫חַת n.[m.] descent;—only cstr., of י׳'s arm in judgment Is 30:30.—I. נַחַת v. sub נוח. p. 629

† [נָחֵת] adj. descending;—mpl. נְחִתִּים (on form cf. Kö:ii. 81), 2 K 6:9 (to battle); but rd. prob. with Th Klo Benz after LXX נֶחְבִּים hidden.

† III. נַ֫חַת n. pr. m. 1. son of Reuel, grandson of Esau Gn 36:13, 36:17 (P; LXX Ναχομ, Ναχοθ LXXL Ναχεθ), 1 Ch 1:37 (LXX Ναχες, A LXXL Ναχεθ). 2. grandson of Elkanah 1 Ch 6:11, LXX Καιναθ, LXXL Νααθ;—prob. crpt. for תּוֹחַ v:19, or תֹּחוּ 1 S 1:1 (v. these words and We:de gent. 37 f. [who prop. תַּחַת for נַחַת], Dr:1 S 1:1). 3. an overseer, Hezekian's time 2 Ch 31:13, LXX Μαεθ, A Ναεθ, LXXL Νααθ.

נָטָה:215 vb. stretch out, spread out, extend, incline, bend (NH id., incline, spread tent, etc.; Ar. نطو stretch out);—Qal:137 Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ Gn 33:19 +; 3 fs. נָֽכְתָה Nu 22:33; 2 ms. נָטִיתָ Ex 15:12; 3 pl. נָטוּ Ps 21:42, Is 45:12, נָטָ֫יוּ Ps 73:2 Qr, etc.; Impf. יִטֶּה Jb 15:29, juss. יֵט Zp 2:13; וַיֵּט Gn 12:8 +, וַיֶּט־ Gn 26:27, 1 Ch 15:1; 3 fs. תִּטֶּה Jb 31:7, וַתֵּט Nu 22:23 + 2 t.; 2 ms. juss. תֵּט Pr 4:5, 4:27; 3 mpl. וַיִּטּוּ 1 S 8:3; 1 pl. נִטֶּה Nu 20:17, 21:22; Imv. נְטֵה Ex 8:1 +; Inf. cstr. נְטוֹת Ju 19:8 + 4 t., נְטֹת Ex 23:2; sf. נְטֹתִי Ex 7:5, נְטוֹתוֹ Ps 109:23; Pt. act. נֹטֶה Je 10:20 + 6 t., נוֹטֶה Ez 25:16 + 3 t.; sf. נוֹטֵיהָם Is 42:5; pass. נָטוּי Ps 62:4 + 2 t., + Ps 73:2 (v. infr.); fs. נְטוּיָה Is 5:25 + 24 t., pl. נְטֻיוֹת Is 3:16 Qr (Kt נטוות):—

1. a. stretch out, extend, hand, rod, usu. c. acc. + עַל of direction Ex 9:22, 9:23, 10:12, 10:13, 10:21, 10:22 (all E), 7:19, 14:16, 14:21, 14:26, 14:27 (all P), abs. Jos 8:19 (JE), Ex 8:12 (P); c. ב of dart or rod בַּכִּידוֹן אֶל־ נ׳ Jos 8:18, 8:18 (JE), יָֽדְְ בְּמַטְֶּ֔ עַל־ נ׳ Ex 8:1 (P), cf. v:2 and (עַל om.) v:13 (all P), Jos 8:26 (JE); fig. of hostility to God יָדוֹ אֶל־ נ׳ Jb 15:25; esp. of God stretching out his hand over (עַל) oft. with idea of against, i.e. in judgment, Is 5:25, 23:11, Zp 1:4, 2:13, Ez 6:14 + 7 t. Ez, Ex 7:5 (P); c. אֶל־ against Jo 51:25, cf. sword Ez 30:25; abs. Ex 15:12 (song); pt. pass. גָּרוֹן נ׳ Is 3:16 outstretched of neck; oft. זְרוֹע נְטוּיָה arm stretched out (of י׳) to deliver, Dt 4:34 + 14 t. (v. זְרוֹעַ); אֶזְרוֹעַ נ׳ Je 32:21; יָד נ׳, to oppose, Je 21:5; עוֹד יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה in judgment, Is 5:25 (‖לאֹ שָׁב אַפּוֹ), so 9:11, 9:16, 9:20, 10:4 (all ‖ id.), cf. 14:27; הַיָּד הַנְּטוּיָה עַל־ v:26; נָטִיתִי יָדִי Pr 1:24 (of wisdom's appeal; ‖קָרָאתִי). b. stretch line and plummet, c. עַל 2 K 21:13 (subj. י׳ fig. of destruction), cf. Is 34:11, La 2:8; line, of artisan's measurements (abs.) Is 44:13, and (c. עַל) Jb 38:5. c. = offer, only שָׁלוֹשׁ אֲנִי נֹטֶה עָלֶיְ 1 Ch 21:10 three things do I offer unto thee (so rd. prob. also ‖ 2 S 24:12, v. נטל).

2. Spread out, i.e. pitch, tent Gn 12:8, 26:25, 35:21 (all J), 33:19 (E), Ju 4:11, cf. Je 43:10; fig. of establishing people Je 10:20; of sacred tent Ex 33:7 (JE), 2 S 6:17 = 1 Ch 16:1, 1 Ch 15:1, 2 Ch 1:14; obj. heavens (spread out by י׳ as tent) Je 10:12 + 9 t., cf. Jb 26:7; obj. likeness of firmament in Ezek.'s vision Ez 1:22.

3. Bend, turn, incline: a. intrans., of wady Nu 21:15 (JE; c. לְ); turn aside, of Balaam's ass 22:23 (מִן־הַדֶּרֶךְ), v:33 (מִפָּנַי), cf. v:33 (לְפָנַי); c. adv. acc. 22:26, so of Isr. 20:17, and (c. מֵעָלָיו) v:21; c. ב into, 21:22; of individ. 2 S 2:19 (לָלֶכֶת עַל), v:21 (עַל), Je 14:8 (c. inf.); cf. Gn 38:1 (עַד), v:16 (אֶל־); fig. of deviating from path of loyalty 1 K 2:28 (c. אַחֲרֵי), cf. Ju 9:3 (of heart), or of righteousness Ex 23:2 [yet on text cf. Bu:ZAW xi (1891), 113 Ry:ad loc.], 1 S 8:3 (all c. אַחֲרֵי); c. מִן Jb 31:7, Ps 44:19, cf. Pr 4:5 and (c. adv. acc.) v:27; מֵעִם י׳ 1 K 11:9 (of heart), cf. Ps 119:51, 119:157; incline, (of heart), c. לְ 1 S 14:7 (rd. לְבָֽבְְ נָטָה or נֹטֶה ל׳ Th We Dr Klo Bu HPS Löhr); decline, of shadow on dial 2 K 20:10 (‖הָלַךְ, opp. שׁוּב אֲחֹרַנִּית), fig. of failing life Ps 102:12, 109:23; of day Ju 19:8 + v:9 (txt. emend., v. GFM); bend down, יִטֶּה לָאָרֶץ Jb 15:29, לִנְטוֹת בָּאָרֶץ Ps 17:11 (both dub., v.Comm.); appar. וַיֵּט בְּכֹחַ Ju 16:30 and he bowed with all his might (after וַיִּלְפֹּת, וַיִּסָּמֵךְ; al. stretched himself i.e. gave a thrust, Be GFM, but vb. less oft. intrans. in this sense); of י׳, וַיֵּט אֵלַי Ps 40:2 and he inclined unto me,—וַתֵּט הַמִּלְחָמָה is rd. 1 S 4:2 by LXX Dr Klo Bu, cf. נָטַשׁ b. less oft. trans., bend, bow, וַיֵּט שִׁכְמוֹ לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15 (Issachar under fig. of ass); קְיר נָטוּי Ps 62:4 (sim. of fate of wicked; ‖גָּדֵר הַדְּחוּיָה); here belongs also prob. וַאֲנִי כִּמְעַט נָטוּי רַגְלָָי Ps 73:2 (Kt) and I was almost prostrated as to my feet (i.e. by stumbling; Qr נָטָיוּ Pf. 3 mpl. but needless, cf. O1 Bae; ‖:כְּאַיִן שֻׁפְּכֻה אֲשֻׁרָֽי ); לִבִּי נ׳ Ps 199:112 I have inclined my heart (c. inf.); of י׳, וַיֵּט שָׁמַיִם וַיֵּרַדָ 2 S 22:10 = Ps 18:10; also fig., hold out, extend unto, of י׳, obj. חֶסֶד Gn 39:21 (J), שָׁלוֹם etc., Is 66:12 (both c. אֶל־); of men רָעָח Ps 21:12 (עַל). † Niph. be stretched out;Pf. 3 mpl. נִטָּ֫יוּ Nu 24:6 (JE; cf. II. נַחַל); Impf. 3 ms. יִנָּטֶה עַל־ Zc 1:16 (of measuring line, for building); stretch themselves out, i.e. grow long, 3 mpl. יִנָּטוּ Je 6:4 (of shadows, ‖פָּנָה הַיּוֹם). Hiph.:75 Pf. הִטָּה Ezr 7:28, Ps 116:2, sf. הִטָּ֫הוּ 3 fs. sf. הִטַּ֫תּוּ Pr 7:21; 1 S. הִטִּיתִי Pr 5:13; 3 pl. הִטּוּ Am 5:12 + 8 t.; 2 mpl. הִטִּיתֶם Je 25:4, 35:15; Impf. יַטֶּה Is 31:3, וַיַּט 2 S 9:15, Ezr 9:9; 2 ms. תַּמֶּה Ex 23:6 + 3 t., juss. תַּט Ps 27:9, 141:4; 1 S. אַטֶּה Je 6:12, Ps 49:5, אָָט Jb 23:11, וְאַט Ho 11:4, but rd. perh. וָאַט (cf. Now) as Je 15:6; etc.; Imv. הַטֵּה 2 K 19:16 + 7 t., הַט Ps 17:6 + 5 t. Psalm Psalm Pr; fs. הַטִּי Gn 24:14, Ps 45:11; mpl. הַטּוּ Jos 24:23 + 3 t.; Inf. cstr. לְהַטּוֹת Is 10:8 + 4 t., לְהַטֹּת Ex 23:2; sf. לְהַטּוֹתָהּ Nu 22:23; Pt. מַטֶּה Dt 27:19; mpl. מַטִּים Ps 125:5, cstr. מַטֵּי Mal 3:5; —1. rarely stretch out (as Qal 1), hand Is 31:3 (of י׳ in hostility), c. עַל Je 6:12, 15:6. 2. rarely spread out cloth on (אֶל) rock 2 S 21:10; as Qal 2: tent 16:22 (+ ל pers.), tent-curtains (fig. of growth) Is 54:2. 3. usu. turn, incline, c. acc., in many senses: a. lit. turn ass into (acc.) road Nu 22:23 (JE); take aside 2 S 3:27 (acc. pers. + אֶל־), 6:10 (acc. rei + acc. = to) = 1 Ch 13:13 (אֶל־); incline, turn jar of water Gn 24:14 (J; to give drink); intrans. only יַטּוּ עַל־ Am 2:8 on garments taken in pledge they recline, and הַטּוּ מִנֵּי־אֹרַח Is 30:11 turn aside, out of the path (i.e. do not interfere with us; ‖סוּרוּ מִנֵּי־דֶרֶךְ). b. fig., הַמַּטִּים עֲקַלְקַלּוֹתָם Ps 125:5 those turning aside their crooked (ways), i.e. making their ways crooked; cf. (neg.) Jb 23:11. c. turn, = influence, heart 2 S 19:15; turn (away) heart (cause to apostatize) 1 K 11:2, 11:4 (c. אַחֲרֵי), v:3 (abs.); לֵב subj., c. acc. pers. Is 44:20 cf. Jb 36:18 (acc. pers.); of persuasion, c. acc. pers. Pr 7:21 (‖תַּדִּיחֶנּוּ). d. incline one's own heart unto (אֶל) God and his commands, Jos 24:23 (E), cf. Pr 2:2 (ל); subj. י׳, 1 K 8:58, Ps 119:36, c. עַל־ Pr 21:1; neg. (c. ל) Ps 141:4. e. esp. incline the ear, of men (in obedience to God), usu. ‖שָׁמַע: abs. Je 7:24 + 6 t. Je (all neg.), so 25:4, 44:5 (+ inf.), Is 55:3; to inspired teacher Pr 4:20 (‖הִקְשִׁיב), 5:1 (‖ id.) v:13 (all c. ל), 22:17, Ps 45:11, 78:1 (הַאֲזִינָה); to receive revelation Ps 49:5; of God, listening to men, sts. ‖שָׁמַע: 2 K 19:16 = Is 37:17, Dn 9:18, c. ל Ps 17:6; also (c. אֶל־ 31:3, 71:2, 102:3, c. לְ 88:3, 116:2, abs. 86:1; once וְאַט אֵלָיו Ho 11:4 and I used to incline etc. (either rare intrans., or obj. om., e.g. אָזְנִי rd. perh. וָאַט (וָאֵט ?) and I inclined, after וָאָהְיֶה). f. bend down heavens, of י׳ (cf. Qal 3 b), Ps 144:5; = hold out, extend unto (from above, עַל) Ezr 7:28, 9:9 (obj. חֶסֶד). g. thrust aside, esp. c. acc. מִשְׁפָּט of perverting or wresting justice: Ex 23:6 (E), 1 S 8:3, Dt 16:19, 24:17, 27:19, La 3:35, cf. Am 2:7; לְהַטּוֹת אָרְחוֹת מִשְׁפָּט Pr 17:23; also c. acc. pers. לְהַטּוֹת מִדִּין דַּלִּים Is 10:2, Am 5:12, Is 29:21, Mal 3:5, יַטּוּ אֶבְיֹנִים מִדָָּרֶךְ Jb 24:4, לְהַטּוֹת חַדִּיק בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Pr 18:5; here belongs prob. לְהַטֹּת Ex 23:2 (E; abs.), perh. ins. מִשְׁפָּט (cf. Bu:ZAW xi. (1891), 113 Ry:ad loc.). h. thrust away, of י׳, אַל־תַּט בְּאַף עַבְדְֶָּ Ps 27:9; cf. עֲוֹנוֹתֵיכֶם הִטּוּ־אֵלֶּה Je 5:25 your iniquities have thrust away (deprived you of) these (harvests).

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יֻטָּה Jos 21:16, יוּטָּה (so Baer) 15:55 n. pr. loc. town in Judah (15:55 LXX Ιγαν. A LXXL Ιεττα, 21:16 LXX Τανυ, LXXL Ιεττα).

מַ֫טָּה, מָָ֫טָּה adv. downwards (from [מַט] for [מַטֶּה] a place of declension (cf. נָטָה, 3 a), with הָ loc., O1:222 b Kö:ii. 280: cf. the opp. מַ֫עְלָהִ, sub עָלָה):—l. alone, Dt 28:43 and thou shalt descend מַ֫טָּה מָָ֫טָּה downwards, downwards, i.e. lower and lower, Pr 15:24 לְמַעַן סוּר מִשְּׁאוֹל מ׳. 2. לְמַ֫טָּה: a. downwards Dt 28:13 וְלאֹ תִהְיֶה למ׳, Is 37:31 = 2 K 19:30 שֹׁרֶשׁ למ׳ (cf. Ph CIS:1. i. 2, 11 f. אל יכן לם שׁרשׁ למט ופר למעל let them not have root downwards, or fruit upwards), Je 31:37, Ec 3:21, 2 Ch 32:30; Ezr 9:13 כי אתה חָשַׂכְתָּ לְמַ֫טָּה מֵעֲוֹנֵנוּ either (Be) hast kept back, downward, part of our iniquity (prevented it from appearing, and being counted against us), or, held us (Ges), or thy anger (Ke), back, below (cf. לְמַ֫עְלָה מֵעַל above, 2 Ch 34:4) our iniq. (punished us less than our iniq. deserved). b. וּלְמַ֫טָּה, (a) of space, and downwards, Ez 1:27 וּמִמַּרְאֵה מָתְנָיו ול׳, 8:2; (b) of age, and under, 1 Ch 17:23 לְמִבֶּן עשׂרים שׁנה וְ׳. 3. מִלְּמַ֫טָּה beneath (v. מִן 9 a: opp. מִלְמַעְלָה above), Ex 26:24 = 36:29, 27:5 = 38:4, 28:27 = 39:20.

מַטֶּה:251 n.m.:Ex 4:17 (f. Mi 6:9 acc. to MT, but dub., v. infr.)

1. staff, rod, shaft.

2. branch.

3. tribe (Ecclus 48:2 staff, 45:6, 45:25 tribe);—abs. מ׳ Gn 38:25 +; cstr. מַטַּה Ex 4:20 +; sf. מַטְּ֑ Gn 38:18 + 5 t., מַטְֶָּ Ex 8:l, מַטֵּ֫הוּ Is 10:24 + 10 t.; pl. מַטּוֹת 1 K 8:1 +, etc.; sf. מַטּוֹחָם Ex 7:12, Nu 17:21; also מַטָּיו Hb 3:14 (but rd. מַטֶּיְ or—Gr—מַטֹּתֶיְ);—1. (cf. מַקֵּל, שֵׁבֶט) staff of traveller Gn 38:18, 38:25 (J); in gen. Is 10:15 (sim.; ‖שֵׁבֶט); from staff as support comes fig. מַטֵּה־לֶחֶם staff of bread (food supply) Ez 4:16, 5:16, 14:13, Lv 26:26, Ps 105:16; of staff or rod, Moses as shepherd Ex 4:2, 4:4, 7:15 (J), 4:17, 7:17, 7:20, 9:23, 10:13, 17:5 (all E); cf. also Is 10:26; Ex 14:16, Nu 20:8, 20:9, 20:11, (all P); called הָאֱלֽהִים מ׳ Ex 4:20, 17:9 (both E), because of miraculous power connected with it; cf. mirac. rod of Aaron 7:9, 7:10, 7:12, 7:19, 8:1, 8:12, 8:13 (all P), and of Egyptian magicians 7:12, 7:12 (P); cf. Aaron's rod that budded Nu 17:18, 17:21, 17:23, 17:25 (cf. RS:Sem. i. 180; 2d ed. 197); carried even by warrior 1 S 14:27, 14:43; מַטֵּה שִׁכְמוֹ Is 9:3 i.e. rod that strikes his shoulder, task-master's rod (‖שֵׁבֶט הַנֹּגֵשׂ בּוֹ), cf. 10:5 and v:24, 14:5 (‖שֵׁבֶט), all fig. of oppression; מַטֵּה מוּסָדָה 30:32 appointed rod (of punishment); cf. מ׳ Ez 7:10, 7:11 (but text obscure, Co—q. v.—sceptre), also Mi 6:9 acc. to MT, but v. sub 3; used in beating out (חבט) fennel Is 28:27; staff as badge of leader or ruler מַטֵּה־עֹז Je 48:17 (‖מַקֵּל), cf. Ps 110:2; so Nu 17:17, 17:17, 17:17, 17:17 + 10 t. Nu 17; appar. shafts, i.e. arrows or spears, Hb 3:9, 3:14 (cf. Now Da GASm). † 2. branch of vine Ez 19:11, 19:12, 19:14, 19:14. 3. tribe (183 t.), orig. company led by chief with staff: specif. of tribes of Isr. in both sg. and pl., 1 K 7:14 8:1 = 2 Ch 5:2, Ex 31:2 + 5 t. Ex; Lv 24:11; Nu 1:4 + 89 t. Nu; Jos 7:1 + 56 t. Jos (all P); 1 Ch 6:45 + 21 t. 1 Ch 6, 12:31; prob. also Mi 6:9 (vocative; so LXX We Now GASm).—Cf. שֵׁבֶט, and on relation of these two words for tribe Hebr. usage Dr:JPh. xi. (1882), 213 f.

מִטָּה n. f. couch, bed (place of reclining; מטותם Ecclus 48:6);—abs. מִטָּה Am 3:12 + 14 t.; cstr. מִטַּת 2 K 4:21; sf. מִטָּתִי Ps 6:7, מִטָּתְֶָ Ex 7:28, מִטָּתוֹ 2 S 4:7 + 6 t.; pl. מִטּוֹת abs. 2 K 11:2, 2 Ch 22:11, cstr. Am 6:4, Est 1:6; —couch, bed, common article of furniture 2 K 4:10, cf. v:21, v:32, 1 K 17:19, for repose, esp. at night, or in illness Gn 47:31 (J; ראֹשׁ הַמּ׳), cf. 48:2 (J), 49:33 (P), Ps 6:7, Pr 26:14, 2 Ch 24:25 (prob.), and for sitting, or reclining by day 1 S 28:23, 1 K 21:4; פְּאַת מ׳ Am 3:12; seat of King Solomon Ct 3:7; in bed-chamber (חֲדַר מִשְׁכָּב) Ex 7:28 (J), 2 S 4:7; sts. portable 1 S 19:15 cf. v:13, v:16, hence = bier 2 S 3:31; sts. high 2 K 1:4, 1:6, 1:16 (עָלָה שָׁם opp. יָרַד מִן); sts. costly, (with frames) of ivory Am 6:4; for reclining at feasts, made of gold and silver Est 1:6; cf. כְּבוּדָּה מ׳ Ez 23:41 glorious couch; חֲדַר הַמִּטּוֹת 2 K 11:2 = 2 Ch 22:11 (v. חֶדֶר).—Cf. also מִשְׁכָּב (שׁכב), עֶרֶשׂ.

642

† [מֻטָּה] n.f. spreading, outspreading;—only pl. cstr. מֻטּוֹת כְּנָפָיו Is 8:8 the outspreading of his wings (cf. Ges:§ 147, 7a Kö:ii, 1, 192, 399), fig. of invading Assyrian army.

מֻטֶּה n.[m.] that which is perverted, justice (see √ Hiph. 3 g);—only וְהָעִיר מָֽלְאָה מ׳ Ez 9:9 (as above Ke Sm Da Berthol Toy RV > perverseness AV) >Co חָמָס (as 7:23).

נָטַל vb. lift, bear (rare synon. of נָשָׂא BAram Targum נְטַל lift; hence specif., Syr. ܢܛܰܠ sustulit (aquam), further, be heavy; also borrowed and denom. forms in Ar. and NH, cf. Frä:65 f.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ La 3:28; Impf. 3 ms. יִטּוֹל Is 40:15; Pt. act. נוֹטֵל 2 S 24:12; —lift, c. acc. Is 40:15 (fig. subj. י׳); lift over thee (על) i.e. offer 2 S 24:12, but rd. נוֹטֶה (as ‖ 1 Ch 21:10) We Bu HPS; lift (and lay) upon (עַל) La 3:28. Pi. Impf. sf. וַיְנַטְּלֵם Is 63:9 and he bare them, fig. of י׳ bearing his people (‖וַיְגַשֵּׁאֵם).

נֵ֫טֶל n.[m] burden, weight;—נ׳ cstr., of sand, Pr 27:3 (‖כֹּבֶד).

† [נָטִיל] adj. laden, only pl. cstr. נְטִילֵי כָָסֶף Zp 1:11 those laden with silver..

נָטַע vb. plant (NH id., and deriv.; cf. Sab. נטעת pavilion [? as planted, established] DHM:ZMG xxxvii.(1883), 337, 349):—Qal Pf. 3 ms. Nu 24:6 +, 2 ms. נָטָָעֵתָּ Dt 6:11, sf. 3 mpl. נְטַעְתָּם Je 12:2; 1 S. נָטַ֫עְתִּי Je 45:4 + 2 t., וְנָטַעְתִּ֫י Je 42:10, Ec 2:5, sf. נְטַעְתִּיךְ Je 2:21, וּנְטַעְתִּיו consec. 2 S 7:10 = וּנְטַעְתִּיהוּ 1 Ch 17:9, וּנְטַעְתִּים consec. Am 9:15 + 2 t., etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִטַּע Dn 11:45, וַיִּטַּע Gn 2:8 + 2 t., sf. וַיִּטָּעֵ֫הוּ Is 5:2; 2 ms. תִּטַּע Dt 16:21 + 2 t., sf. 3 fs. וַתִּטָּעֶָהָ Ps 80:9; sf. 3 mpl. וַתִּטָּעֵ֫מוֹ Ex 15:17, וַתְּטָּעֵם Ps 44:3, etc.; Imv. נִטְעוּ Je 29:5 + 3 t.; Inf. לִנְטֹעַ Is 51:16, Je 18:9, לִנְטוֹעַ Je 1:10, 31:28, לָטַעַת Ec 3:2; Pt. act. נוֹטֵעַ Je 11:17, נֹטַע Ps 94:9 (shewing orig. a acc. to Lag:BN 84); pl. נֹטְעִים Je 31:5; pass. נָטוּעַ Ec 3:2, pl. נְטוּעִים Ec 12:11; —

1. plant, c. acc. of tree or vine Nu 24:6 (JE; subj. י׳), Gn 21:33 (J), Lv 19:23 (H), Is 44:14, Ps 106:16 (subj. י׳), Ec 2:5 also (fig. of people) Je 2:21, 11:17, Ps 80:9, 80:16; c. acc. of vineyard Gn 9:20 (J), Am 5:11, 9:14, 2 K 19:29 = Is 37:30, Zp 1:13, Dt 20:6, 28:30, 28:39, Je 31:5, 31:5, 31:5, 35:7, Ez 28:26, Is 65:21, Pr 31:16, Ps 107:37, Ec 2:4; olive trees and vineyards Dt 6:11, Jos 24:13 (D); garden Gn 2:8 (י׳), Je 29:5, 29:28; so c. acc. אֲשֵׁרַָה כָּל־עֵץ Dt. 16:21; נִטְעֵי נ׳ נַעֲמָנִים Is 17:10 (fig. of idolatry); abs. (lit.) Is 65:22, Ec 3:2, 3:2 (opp. עָקַר); c. 2 acc. Is 5:2 (plant vineyard with wine).

2. plant, fig. = establish, usu. of establishing people, c. acc. 2 S 17:10 = 1 Ch 17:9, Am 9:15 (opp. נָתַשׁ), Ez 36:36, Ex 15:17 (song), esp. Je 24:6, 32:41 (ב loc.), 42:10 (opp. נָתַשׁ), not found45:10 (opp. id.), Ps 44:3 (all of establishing Isr.); of establishing wicked Je 12:2; abs. of establishing people Je 1:10, 18:9, 31:28; more lit., establish heavens Is 51:16 (‖לִיסֹד אֶרֶץ); plant i.e. fix (late use) tents Dn 11:45; מַשְׂמְרוֹת נְטוּעִים Ec 12:11 nails planted, i.e. fixed in; even אֹ זֶן נ׳ Ps 94:9 he that, planted, the ear. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִטָָּעוּ Is 40:24 be planted, fig., = be established.

† [נֶ֫טַע] n.[m.] plantation. planting, plant;—abs. נָ֑טַע Jb 14:9; cstr. נְמַע Is 5:7; sf. נִטְעֵךְ Is 17:11; pl. cstr. נִטְעֵי Is 17:10; —

1. plantation Is 5:7 (fig. of Judab, planted by י׳); 17:10 (fig. of idolatry), so

2. act of planting Is 17:11.

3. plant Jb 14:9 (in sim.).

נְטָעִים n.pr.loc. 1 Ch 4:23, LXX Αζαειμ, A Αταειμ, LXXL Εταειμ.

† [נָטִיעַ] n.[m.] plant;—only pl. נְטִעִים Ps 144:12 (fig. of vigorous sons).

מַטָּע n.m. place, or act of planting;—abs. מ׳ Ez 34:29; cstr. מַטַּע Is 61:3; sf. מַטָּעוֹ Is 60:21 (Kt; Qr מַטָּעַי); מַטָּעָהּ Ez 17:7, also 31:4, but rd. מַטָּעֹה LXX Hi Co Berthol Toy; pl. cstr. מַטָּעֵי Mi 1:6; —

1. planting-place, מַטָּעֵי כָָרֶם Mi 1:6 planting-place for a vineyard, so Ez 31:4 (rd. מַטָּעֹה, v. supr.); prob. also לְשֵׁם מ׳ < rd. שָׁלֽם מ׳ LXX Co Berthol Toy i.e. peaceful (fruitful) planting-place; cf. עֲרֻגוֹת מ׳ 17:7 = beds where it was planted.

2. act of planting נֵחֶר מ׳ Is 60:21 shoot of his (my) planting (fig. of people).

3. י׳ מ׳ Is 61:3 plantation of י׳ (id.).

† [נָטַף] vb. drop, drip, fig. (esp. of prophet) discourse (NH id.; Targum נְטַף drop, drip; Syr. ܢܛܰܦ drip, ܛܽܘܦܬܳܐ drop (Nö:Syr. Gr. § 105) etc.; Ar. نَطَفَ id.; Eth. nat’ba: id., nat’afa: colare (stillando), expercolare);—Qal Pf. 3 mpl. נָֽטְפוּ Ju 5:4 + 2 t.; נָטָָּפוּ Ju 5:4; Impf. 3 fs. תִּטֹּף Jb 29:22; 3 mpl. יִטּפוּ Jo 4:18; 3 fpl. תִּטֹּפְנָה Pr 5:3, Ct 4:11; Pt נֹטְפוֹת Ct 5:13; —drop, drip, usu. trans., c. acc., of clouds dropping water (מַיִ), in storm Ju 5:4, ‖ heavens v:4 (obj. om.), Ps 68:9 (id.; all theoph.); of hands dripping myrrh (מוֹר) Ct 5:5; in predict. יִטְּפוּ עָסִיס Jo 4:18 the mts. shall drip must; fig. of (seductive) speech נֹפֶת תִּטּ׳ Pr 5:3 the lips of the strange woman drop honey, so perh. Ct 4:11 (Bu of kisses); מוֹר שִׂפְתוֹתָיו נ׳ 5:13 his lips drip myrrh (perh. of sweet breath). Intrans. only עָלֵימוֹ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי Jb 29:22 upon them my speech used to drop. Hiph. Pf. 3 mpl. וְהִטִּיפוּ consec. Am 9:13; Impf. 2 ms. תַּטִּיף Am 7:16; 1 S. אַטִּף Mi 2:11; 3 mpl. יִטִּיפָוּן v:6; 2 mpl. תַּטִּיפוּ v:6, תַּטִּפוּ v:6; Pt. מַטִּיף Mi 2:11; —

1. drip, עָסִיס וְהַטּ׳ Am 9:13 and the mts. shall drip must (= Qal Jo 4:18).

2. of speech, esp. prophecy (without acc.): c. עַל against, Am 7:16 (‖הִנָּבֵא), c. אֶל־ toward, Ex 21:2 (‖ id.), v:7 (‖ id.); c. ל concerning Mi 2:11 cf. v:11; —אַל־תַּטִּפוּ יַטִּיכָּוּן לאֹ־יַטִּפוּ לָאֵלֶּה Mi 2:6 ‘talk not’—so they talk—‘they (rd. ye?) shall not talk of these things’ (where תַּטּ׳, יַטִּפוּ ref. to prophets).

643

† I. [נָטָף] n.m. drop;—נִטְפֵי־מָָיִם Jb 36:27 (‖מָטָר, rain).

† II. נָטָף n.[m.] an odorif. gum (gathered in drops), used in sacred incense Ex 30:34 (P). Identif. dub.; LXX στακτή, Vulgate stacte, i.e. (Hesych.) a kind of myrrh, so Kn, cf. Ri:HWB; Rosenm Thes Ke al. storax; Rabb. opobalsamum (cf. Di:ad loc. Now:Arch. ii. 64. 248).

† [נְטִיפָה?] n.[f.] drop, i.e. pendant, an ornament (or pearl = Ar. نَطَفَةُ, fr. likeness to drop of water; cf. GFM);-only pl. abs. נְטִיפוֹת Ju 8:26, נְטִפוֹת Is 3:16.

נְטֹפָה n.pr.loc. in Judah (dropping, dripping, cf. Lewy:Sem. Fremdwörter 40);—Ezr 2:22 = Ne 7:26; LXX. Νετωφα, LXXL Νετωφαγι (as adj. gent. Ne 12:28).

נְטֹפָתִי, נְטוֹפָתִי adj. gent.;נְטֹפ׳ 2 S 23:28 + 5 t., נְטוֹפ׳ 1 Ch 2:54 + 4 t. Ch;—הַנּ׳ the Neṭophathite 2 S 23:28, 23:29, 2 K 25:23 = Je 40:8, 1 Ch 11:30, 11:30; sg. coll. (the) Neṭophathites (no art.) 1 Ch 2:54, 9:16, Ne 12:28.

† [נָטַר] vb. keep (less common ‖ of נָחַר) (NH id.; Targum נְטַר, Syr. ܢܛܰܪ id.; Nab. in n.pr. Lzb:323 (cf. also infr.), Ar. نَطَرَ id. (obj. garden, etc.));—Qal Pf. 1. S. נָטָָרְתִּי Ct 1:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִטּוֹר Ps 103:9, יִנְטוֹר Je 3:5; rd. וַיִּטֹּר also Am 1:11 (for MT יִטְרֹף) Ol:Ps 103:9 We Now GASm Dr; 2 ms. תִּטִּר Lv 19:18; 1 S. אֶטּוֹר Je 3:12; Pt. act. נוֹטֵר Na 1:2; f. נֹטֵרָה Ct 1:6; mpl. נֹטְרִיס Ct 8:11, 8:12; —

1. keep, maintain (sc. wrath), of י׳ Je 3:5, 3:12, Na 1:2 (c. לֵ for), Ps 103:9; of Edom Am 1:11 (rdg. וַיִּטֹּר לָעַד אַפּוֹ and he kept his anger perpetually, v. supr.).

2. keep, guard a vineyard Ct 1:6, 1:6 (in fig.), abs. 8:11, obj. פִּרְיוֹ v:12.

מַטָּרָה and (La 3:12) מַטָּרָא n.f. 1. guard, ward, prison. 2. target, mark (as kept in the eye, watched, cf. נָחַר Pr 23:26, and σκόπος (watcher, mark) from σκέπτομαι; perh. Nab. [רתא]מט Lzb:323);—always abs.:—

1. guard, ward, prison, usu. חֲחַר הַמּ׳ court of gaurd (v. 1. חָחְ׳) Je 32:2, 32:8, 32:12, 33:1, 37:21, 37:21, 38:6, 38:13, 38:28, 39:14, 39:15; שַׁעַר הַמּ׳ Ne 12:39.

2. target, mark Jb 16:12 (fig. of י׳'s chastisement), כַּמַּטָּרָא לַחֵץ La 3:12 (sim. id.); lit. only 1 S 20:20.

נָטַשׁ vb. leave, forsake, permit (Targum forsake; draw off skin of dead animal; Ar. نَطِسَ = abstinens ab impuro acc. to Ḳam (Frey));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ 1 S 10:2, sf. 1 pl. נְטָשָׁ֫נוּ Ju 6:13; 2 ms. נָטַשְׁתָּ 1 S 17:28, נָטַשְׁתָּה Is 2:6, sf. נְטַשְׁתַּ֫נִי Gn 31:28, וּנְטַשְׁתָּהּ consec. Ex 23:11, etc.; Impf. יִטּשׁ 1 S 12:22, Ps 94:14, יִטּוֹשׁ Ho 12:15, sf. 1 pl. יִטְּשֵׁנוּ 1 K 8:57; 1 pl. נִטּשׁ Ne 10:32, etc.; Imv. נְטוֹשׁ Pr 17:14; Pt. pass. f. נְטוּשָׁה Is 21:15; mpl. נְטֻשִׁיס 1 S 30:16; —

1. leave, let alone Ex 23:11 (E; = let field lie fallow, ‖שָׁמַט), cf. וְנִטּשׁ אֶת־הַשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁכִיעִיתּ וּמַשָּׁא כָל־יָ֑ד Ne 10:32 (i.e. leave field fallow and debts unclaimed); obj. quails, let them lie, (עַל loc.) Nu 11:31 (JE), of Amalekites נְטֻשִׁים עַל־פְּנֵי פָל־הָאָרֶץ 1 S 30:16 left to themselves over all the land; וְדָמָיו עָלָיו יִטּוֹשׁ Ho 12:15 and his mortal guilt shall he leave upon him; leave in charge of, entrust to (עַל pers.): sheep 1 S 17:20, 17:28; baggage v:22.

2. usu. forsake, abandon, דִּבְרֵי הָאֲחֹנוֹת נ׳ 1 S 10:2 thy father hath abandoned the matter of the asses (ceased to be concerned about them); הָרִיב נְטוֹשׁ Pr 17:14 abandon contention; oft. subj. י׳ c. acc. pers. Ju 6:13, Is 2:6, 1 S 12:22, 1 K 8:57 (‖עָזַב) 2 K 21:14, Je 7:29, 12:7 (‖עָזַב), 23:33, 23:39, Ps 27:9 (‖עָזַב), 94:14 (‖ id.); of י׳ leaving Phar. forsaken (on ground, cf. Niph. 1) Ez 29:5 (+ ה loc.), 32:4 (+ ב loc.); abandoning the sanctuary at Shiloh Ps 78:60; of men forsaking God Dt 32:15 (poem), Je 15:6; cf. אַל־חִטּשׁ תּוֹרַת אִמְֶָּ Pr 1:8, 6:20; of men abandoning kg. (under fig. of cedar) Ez 31:12, 31:12.

3. permit, only וְלאֹ נְטַשְׁתַּנִי לְנַשֵּׁק לְבָנַי וגו׳ Gn 31:28 (E) and hast not permitted me to kiss my sons, etc.—For וַתִּטּשׁ הַמִּלְחָמָה 1 S 4:2 rd. prob. וַתֵּט (LXX ἔκλινεν) Dr Klo Bu, or < וַתִּקֶשׁ (קשׁה) grew fierce HPS (Löhr prop. תִּנָּטֵשׁ cf. Ju 15:9 etc.). For חֶרֶב נְטוּטָה Is 21:15 (‖קֶשֶׁת דְּרוּכָה) rd. perh. לְטוּשָׁה ח׳. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נַטְּשָׁה Am 5:2; 3 pl. נִטְּשׁוּ Is 16:8, 33:23; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּנָּֽטְשׁוּ Ju 15:9 + 2 t.;—1. be forsaken, Am 5:2 she (Isr.) lieth forsaken (עַל loc.). 2. be loosened or loose (prop. be let alone, left to hang down) of ship's tackle Is 33:23. 3. be let go, spread abroad, of warriors, Ju 15:19, 2 S 5:18, 5:22 (all c. ב loc., for purpose of plunder); of tendrils of vine Is 16:8 (fig. of Moab). Pu. Pf. only אַדְמוֹן נֻטָָּשׁ Is 32:14 palaces are abandoned, deserted (‖הֲמוֹן עִיר עֻזָּ֑ב).

644

† [נְטִישָׁה] n.f. twig, tendril of vine (as spreading, cf. √ Niph. 3);—only pl. הַנְּטִישׁוֹת הֵסִיר הֵתַז Is 18:5 the tendrils he hath removed, cf. הָסִירוּ נְטִישׁוֹתֶיהָ Je 5:10 (appar. cited from Is.; expl. by Finn:Journ. Trans. Vict. Inst. xxii. 306 f. from use by shepherds of poterium spinosum, called nettsh, as defence of sheepfolds),—in both of destroying city (under fig. of vineyard); נְטִישֹׁתַיִח עָָבְרוּ יָם Je 48:32 thy tendrils went over the sea (fig. of prosperity of Moab).

[נִי] v. נהה. p. 624

נִיא ( √ of foll., cf. Ar. نأ (med. י), be raw).

†II. נָא adj. raw, of flesh Ex 12:9 (P; opp. בשׁל). I. נָא p. 609

[נִיב], נִיבָָי, נֵיבָָי v. נוב. p. 626

נִיד v . נוד. נִירָה v. II. נדד. p. 622, 627

נָיוֹת v. נוית sub I. נוה. p. 627

נִיחֹחַ, נִיתוֹתַ v. נות. נִין v. נון. p. 629–30

נִינְוֵה n.pr.loc. Nineveh, capital of Assyria (As. Ninâ, Ninua, Ninû, cf. Schr:COT Gloss. Dl:Par 260);—Gn 10:11, 10:12 (J), 2 K 19:36 = Is 37:37, Na 1:1, 2:9, 3:7, Zp 2:13, Jon 1:2, 3:3a, 3:4, 3:5, 3:6, 3:7, called הָעִיר הַגְּדוֹלָה v:3b 4:11 (cf. 3:4f.); LXX Νινευη, LXXL Νινευι. Site on E. bank of Tigris marked by mounds Neby Yunus and Kuyundjik, opposite Mosul. Cf. Layard:Nineveh and its Remains, 1848; Monuments of N. 1849 f. Billerbeck u. Jeremias:BAS iii. 1 (1895), 107 ff.

ניס v. נוס Qal 1. ad fin.

נִיסָן n.pr. of 1st month (loan-wd. fr. Bab. Nisannu, cf. Schr:COT Ne 1. 1 Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi. 1 (1892). 76; NH = BH; so Nab. Palm. v. Lzb:323);—only post-exil.: חֹדֶשׁ נ׳ Ne 2:1 Est 3:7 ( + הָרִאשׁוֹן הַחֹדֶשׁ), = pre-exil. הָאָבִּיב (הֹדֶשׁ).—On sacredness of Nisan cf. also RS:Sem. i. 387; 2d ed. 406 f.

נִיחוֹץ v. נחץ. נֵיר v. נֵר.

†I. [נִיר] vb. break up, freshly till;—Qal Imv. mpl. נִ֫ירוּ, c. acc. cogn. נִיר Ho 10:12, Je 4:3.

†II. נִיר n.[m.] the tillable, untilled or fallow ground;—נ׳ abs. as acc. cogn. נִירוּ לָכֶם נִ֑יר Ho 10:12, Je 4:3 till you the untilled ground (fig. of unaccustomed moral action); cstr. only רָב־אֹכֶל נִיר רָאשִׁים Pr 13:23 abundant food (yields) the fallow ground of poor men (i.e. with י׳'s blessing).—I. נִיר v. נור. p. 632f

II. ניר (√ of foll.; cf. NH נִיר, Ar. نِيرُ Syr. ܢܺܝܪ (in Lexx), all = the system of heddles or ‘apparatus [of small cords with loops, cr eyes] by wh. the threads of the warp are raised and lowered to make an opening for the passing of the woof’ GFM:PAOS Oct. 1889, clxxix. f.; cf. As. nîru, Syr. ܢܺܝܪ, yoke).

†[מָנוֹר] n.m. beam (prob. round) carrying the heddles (in loom), = Lat. jugum, so GFM:1.c.;—only cstr. in phr. כִּמְנוֹר אֹרְגִים beam of weavers 1 S 17:7, 2 S 21:19 = 1 Ch 20:5, 1 Ch 11:23, all sim. of thick and heavy shaft of spear.

† [נָכָא] vb. smite, scourge (rare Aramaizing form of נָכָה);—only Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִכְּאוּ מִן־הָאָרֶץ Jb 30:8 they are scourged out of the land.

† [נָכָא] adj. stricken;—mpl. נְכָאִים Is 16:7 (Kö:ii. 1, 73), of Moab prostrated by conquest.

† [נָכֵא] adj. id., alw. f. רוּחַ נְכֵאָה a stricken spirit, Pr 15:13, 17:22 (both opp. לֵב שָׁמֵךְַ), 18:14.

נְכאֹת n.f. a spice, (usu. understood of tragacanth gum, exuding fr. astralagus bush, Di:Gn 27:25 and reff.; Now:Arch. i. 64 (and 249); cf. also Löw:§ 24; but = Ar. نَكَأَةُ = نَكَعَةُ summitas rubicunda sive flores plantae (i.e. a certain plant, Frey), acc. to Hom:Aufsätze 4);—abs. נ׳ Gn 37:25 ( + חְרִי, לּט as merchandise), 43:11 (+ id., also דְּבַשׁ, בָּטְנִים, שְׁקֵדִים, as gift).

נכד (√ of foll., mng. uncertain; Eth. nagad: = gens, stirps, [cf. Sam. נגד Gn 21:23]).

645

נֶ֫כֶד n.[m.] progeny, posterity, alw. c. נִין in standing phr. (Ecclus 41:5, 47:22 c, both c. נין);—abs. בְּעַמּוֹ לאֹ נִין וְלאֹ נ׳ Jb 18:19, cf. שֵׁם וּשְׁאָר וְנִין וְנ׳ Is 14:22; sf. לִי וּלְנִינִי וּלְנֶכְדִּי Gn 21:23 to me and to my offspring and to my posterity.

[נָכָה]:501 vb. smite (not in Qal) (NH Hiph. id.; Pf. 3 pl. הכו SI:4, Inf. [ת]להכ ib. 2; Syr. ܢܟܳܐ, laesit, nocuit, repugnavit; Aph. laesit, vulneravit; Eth. nakaya: laesit, nocuit; cf. Ar. نَكَي be defeated, نِكَايَةُ the inflicting of injury on an enemy Lane:3038);—†Niph. Pf. וְנִכָּה וָמֵת consec. 2 S 11:15 and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die.

Pu. Pf. 3 fs. נֻכָָּתָה Ex 9:31; 3 pl. נֻכּוּ v:32 (J), both be smitten down by the hail.

Hiph.:482 Pf. 3 ms. הִכָּה Ex 9:25 +; sf. וְהִכַּ֫נִי consec. Gn 32:12, הִכָּם Je 5:6; 2 ms. הִכִּ֫יתָ Ex 17:5 +; 1 s. הִכֵּיתִי Ju 15:16 +, וְהִכֵּתִ֫י Ex 3:20 +; 3 pl. הִכּוּ Gn 19:11 +; 2 mpl הִכִּיתֶם Je 37:10 + 3 t. consec.; etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַכֶּה Ex 21:20 +, יַח Ho 6:l (but rd. וַיַּח We Now GASm); וְיַח Ho 14:6 (v. infr.); וַיַּכֶּה Jos 10:40 +, usu. וַיַּח Ex 2:12 +; sf. 2 ms. יַכֶּ֫כָּה Je 40:15 + 2 t., 3 ms. וַיַּכּוֹ 2 S 14:6 (but rd. וַיַּח LXX. SyrVer Vulgate Th We Dr Klo Kit Bu HPS), יַכֶּ֫נּוּ 1 S 17:25 + 2 t.; usu. וַיַּכֵּ֫הוּ Nu 21:24 +; 3 fs. וַתַּח Jon 4:7, 4:8; 2 ms תַּכֶּה Ex 2:13 +; sf. 3 ms. תַּכֶּ֫נּוּ Pr 23:13, 23:14; 1 s. אַכֶּה 1 S 18:11 +; וָאַכֶּה Ne 13:25, וָאַח Ex 9:15; 3 mpl. יַכוּ Mi 4:14; usu. וַיַּכּוּ Gn 14:5 + (1 S 4:2 rd. prob. Hoph. q.v.); 1 pl. נַכֶּה־ Nu 22:6; וַנַח Dt 2:33, etc.; Imv. הַכֵּה Ez 6:11, הַח Am 9:1 +; mpl. הַכּוּ 2 S 13:28, etc.; Inf. abs. הַכֵּה Dt 3:16 +, הַכּוֹת 2 K 3:24 (Ges:§ 75 ff); cstr. הַכּוֹת Gn 4:15 +, etc.; Pt. מַכֶּה Ex 2:11 +; cstr. מַכֵּה Ex 21:12 +; pl. מַכִּים 1 S 4:8 +, etc.;—

1. a. lit., smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike, sq. acc., ass Nu 22:23, 22:25, 22:27 (בְּמַקֵּל), v:28, v:32 (all J); man Ex 21:15, 21:19 (E); cheeks Jb 16:10; man (on) cheek (2 acc.) La 3:30, Ps 3:8; man עַל־לְחִי Mi 4:l4 (ב instr.), 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23; eye Ex 21:26 (E); שֵׁבֶט מַכֵּח Is 14:29 (fig. of conqueror); with (ב) stone or fist Ex 21:18 (E), cf. (fig.) Is 58:4 (abs.); smite lion or bear 1 S 17:35; strike river (with rod מַטֶּה) 7:17 (c. עַל obj., + ב instr.), v:20, Ex 17:5 (E; ב instr.), also (with mantle) 2 K 2:8, 2:14, 2:14, cf. י׳ smiting Euphrates into (ל) seven streams Is 11:15; dust Ex 8:12, 8:13 (P); rock 17:6 (E), Nu 20:11 (P; ב instr.), Ps 78:20; fig. smite earth בְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו Is 11:4 (of future Davidic kg.); strike on ground (אַ֫רְחָה; with arrows) 2 K 13:18, also (abs.) v:18, v:19; strike weapons out of (מִן) hands, Ez 39:3 (י׳; fig. of making powerless); lintel of door Am 9:1; barley-loaf strikes tent Ju 7:13 (in dream); in fig. of regret, remorse וַיַּח לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֹ 2 S 24:10 and David's heart smote him, so 1 S 24:6 (+ עַל־אֲשֶׁר because); of goat smiting (butting with horn) the ram, so as to break its horns Dn 8:7 (in vision); smite = hit with missile, sling-stone 1 S 17:49 (c. acc. pers. + אֶל־מִחְחוֹ), cf. 2 K 3:25 (but text perh. corrupt, v. Benz); arrow, 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33 (c. acc. pers. + בֵּין), 2 K 9:24 (c. id.); of piercing, הַכּוֹת בַּחֲנִית בְּדָוִד וּבַקִּיר 1 S 19:10 smite with the dart into D. and into the wall, pin D. to the wall, בַּקִּיר וַיַּח אֶת־הַח׳ v:10, cf. 18:11, אַכֶּנּוּ בַחֲנִית וּבָאָרֶץ 26:8. b. smite repeatedly, beat, a man Ex 2:11, 2:13 (E), 5:16 (J), Ne 13:25 (מִן partit.), cf. Dt 25:11; here prob. also 1 K 20:35, 20:35, 20:37, 20:37 (הַכֵּה וּפָחֹעַ beating and bruising him); of Assyr. under fig. of taskmaster Is 10:24; beat a woman so as to bruise her (פָּחַע) Ct 5:7; beat by authority, scourge Je 20:2, 37:15, Dt 25:2, 25:3 (c. acc. pers. + acc. cogn. מַכָּה רַבָּה), v:3 cf. כִּן הַכּוֹת v:2 i.e. worthy of scourging, bastinado, (cf. Dr); 2 Ch 25:16; Pr 17:10, 19:25, 23:13, 23:14 (ב instr.); cf. גֵּוִי נָחַתִּי לְמַכִּים Is 50:6; of hail, beat down herbage etc. Ex 9:25, 9:25 (cf. Pu.). c. וַיַּכּוּ כַף 2 K 11:12 and they clapped hands (in applause); elsewhere only Ezek., in mockery; כַּף אֶל־כַּף Ez 21:19, 21:22; בְּכַפְְּ 6:11 (‖רְקַּע בְּרַגְלְְ; acc. כַּפִּי 22:13. d. give a thrust (with fork) into (ב) pot 1 S 2:14; strike roots Ho 14:6 (in fig., but וַיֵּלְכוּ We Now). e. rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound 1 K 8:28, so (+ acc. cogn. מַכָּה) v:29, 9:18 = 2 Ch 22:6; fig. of י׳'s wounding Isr. Ho 6:1 (opp. חָבַשׁ bind up), Je 30:14 (c. acc. cogn.). Cf. smite with (ב) the tongue Je 18:18. f. smite, of sun, etc., c. acc. pers. Is 49:l0, Ps 121:6; c. עַל Jon 4:8.

2. Smite fatally: a. (subj. man) smite, c. acc., + word of killing (dying):—obj. lion and bear 1 S 17:35; man Ex 21:12, 21:20 (E), Jos 10:26 (JE), 11:17 (D), 1 S 17:50, 2 S 1:15, 2:31 (מִן partit. + ב among), 4:7, 14:6, 18:15, 21:17, 1 K 16:10, 2 K 12:22, 15:30, 25:21 = Je 52:27, 2 K 25:25, Je 41:2, Nu 35:16, 35:17, 35:18, 35:21 (P; all c. ב instr.); c. acc. + אֶל־חֹמֶשׁ + ב instr. 2 S 2:23 smote him (fatally) in the belly with (on text v. HPS), 20:10, cf. 3:27, 4:6 (but del. LXX Ew Th We Dr Bu HPS); וְהִכָּהוּ נֶפֶשׁ Dt 19:11 and he smite him in his life (mortally), and he die, cf. (without word of dying) v:6, Gn 37:21 (J), Je 40:14, 40:15 [otherwise Lv 24:17, 24:18, Nu 35:11, 35:15, 35:30, Dt 27:35, Jos 20:3, 20:9]; with prolepsis לְהַכּוֹת חֲלָלִים smite the slain Ju 20:31, 20:39; + אַ֫רְחָה smite to the ground i.e. kill 2 S 2:22, 18:11. b. smite, of worm gnawing or boring so as to kill plant Jon 4:7. c. very oft. = kill, slay, man or beast (c. 150 t.): Gn 4:15, 8:21 (exterminate; both J), Ex 2:12, Nu 21:35 (E), Jos 7:5 (מִן partit.), v:5 (JE), Dt 19:6, 21:1, 27:24, 27:25, Jos 11:10 (ב instr.; all D), Lv 24:17, 24:18, 24:21, 24:21 (H), Nu 35:11, 35:15, 35:21, 35:24, 35:30, Jos 9:18, 20:3, 20:9 (all P), Ju 15:16, 1 S 17:9, 17:9, 17:36, 2 S 12:9 (ב instr.), 2 K 9:7 (exterminate), etc.; c. ב among 1 S 23:5, מִן partit. Ju 14:19, 20:45; c. ב partit. slay at, work slaughter among 2 S 23:10 (ins. also in ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 v. Be:ad loc. Dr:2 S 23:10), but also ב of dir. obj. 1 S 18:7, 21:12, 29:5; subj. lion 1 K 20:36, 20:36 cf. Je 5:6 (fig. of judgment); י׳ subj. 1 S 6:19 b (ב among, + acc. cogn.; 1 S 6:19 a וַיַּךְ crpt. v. LXX Th We Dr Kl Kit Bu HPS); slay firstborn Ex 12:2 (J), v:29, Nu 3:13, 8:17, 33:4 (all P), Ps 78:51, 105:36, 135:8; God slays for (עַל) sin 2 S 6:7 = 1 Ch 13:10 (עַל־אֲשֶׁר); slay לְפִי־חֶרֶב Dt 13:16, 20:13, Jos 11:11, 11:12, 11:14 (all D), Ju 18:27, 21:10, 1 S 22:9, 2 K 10:25, Je 21:7, Jb 1:15, 1:17; kill, slay, c. acc. cogn. (מַכָּה) 1 S 14:14, 1 K 20:21 (ב among), 2 Ch 13:17 (בָּהֶם), 25:13 (מֵהֶם); c. acc. pers. + acc. cogn. Jos 10:20 (JE), Est 9:5, etc.; kill unwittingly, unintentionally הִכָּה בִבְלִי דַ֫עַת Dt 19:4, Jos 20:5 (both D).

3. Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company Gn 32:9, 32:12, 34:30, Jos 8:21, Ju 8:11, 9:43, 2 K 8:21, 2 Ch 21:9; attack and capture a city Ju 1:8, v:12 = Jos 15:16 (JE), Jos 7:3, 10:4 (JE), 1 S 30:1, 1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4, 2 K 15:16, 15:16, 1 Ch 20:1, 2 Ch 14:13, Je 47:1; tents 1 Ch 4:41 2 Ch 14:14; = sack a city לְפִי־חֶרֶב (slaying inhab.), Jos 8:24, 19:47 (both JE), 10:28, 10:30, 10:32, 10:35, 10:37 cf. v:39 (all D), Ju 1:25, 20:37, 2 S 15:14; esp. defeat kg. or army (involving oft. overthrow, pursuit and slaughter),—c. 95 t.,—Gn 14:5, 14:15, 14:17, Nu 14:45, 21:24 (JE), Jos 8:12, 10:10 (+ acc. cogn.), v:10 (עַד loc.), 11:8, 11:8 (all JE), Dt 1:4, 2:33, 3:3, 4:46, 7:2, 29:6, Jos 10:33, 10:40 (ועדמִן loc.), 12:1, 12:6, 12:12, 13:12 (all D); Ju 1:5, 1:17, 1 S 11:11, (עד temp.), 1 K 13:17 (עַד־כַּלֵּה), 2 K 3:24a + v:24b (where rd. וַיָּבֹאוּ בוֹא וְהַכּוֹת and they went on defeating), Is 10:20, Je 37:10, etc.; ins. וַיַּח or הִכָּה in 2 S 8:13 Th Ke Kit Bu cf. Dr, after LXX; c. ב obj. 1 S 14:31, 23:2, 23:2 (ה loc.—מִן); + לְפִי חֶרֶב Ju 20:48, etc.; of gods causing defeat 2 Ch 28:23; smite land = conquer, subjugate, sts. ravage, Gn 14:7, Jos 10:40 (D), 1 S 27:9, Je 43:11, 46:13, cf. Is 14:6 (acc. cogn.); subj. י׳ Nu 32:4 (P); of י׳ smiting sea וְהִכָּה בַיָּם גַּלִּים Zc 10:11 (Bev:JPh. xviii. 35 (1889), 88 prop. גבלים).

4. Of God, a. smite with (ב) a plague, disease, etc.:—blindness Gn 19:11 (J), 2 K 6:18, 6:18 cf. Zc 12:4, 12:4 (symbol.); of Egyptian plagues Ex 3:20, 9:15 (both J), 1 S 4:8, without ב Ex 7:25 (J), 12:13 (P), Ps 136:10 (acc. + בִּבְכוֹרֵיהֶם); other plagues Nu 14:12 (JE), Dt 28:22, 28:27, 28:28, 28:35, 1 S 5:6, 2 S 24:17, Jb 2:7, Am 4:9, Hg 2:17, Mal 3:24; without ב, 1 S 5:9 2 K 19:35 = Is 37:26; Nu 11:33 (JE ; בָּעָם + acc. cogn.); smite vines with (ב) blight Ps 105:33. b. smite = chastise, or send judgment upon, usu. c. acc., 1 K 14:15, 1 Ch 21:7, Is 5:25, 9:12, 27:7 (הַכְּמַכַּת מַכֵּהוּ הִכָּהוּ), 30:31 (ב instr.) 57:17, 60:10 (opp. רִחַם) Je 2:30, 5:3, 14:9, Ez 32:15 (LXX Co זֵרָה scatter); c. עִל punish for, (sin) Lv 26:24 (H). c. of God's destroying palaces Am 3:15, 6:11 (2 acc.), cf. Zc 9:4.

Hoph. Pf. הֻכָּה Ho 9:16, Nu 25:14, הוּכָּה Ps 102:5; וְהֻכָּה consec. Ex 22:1; 3 fs. הֻכְּתָה Ez 33:21, 40:1; 1 S. הֻכֵּ֫יתִי Zc 13:6; 3 pl. הֻכּוּ 1 S 5:12; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיֻּכּוּ Ex 5:14; 2 mpl. תֻּכּוּ Is 1:5; Pt. מֻכֶּה Nu 25:14, cstr. מֻכֵּה Is 53:4; f. מֻכָּה Nu 25:15, 25:18; pl. מֻכִּים Ex 5:16, cstr. מֻכֵּי־ Je 18:21; —be smitten: 1. = receive a blow Is 1:5 (Judah under fig. of man). 2. be wounded Zc 13:6. 3. be beaten Ex 5:14, 5:16 (J). 4. be (fatally) smitten + vb. of dying Ex 22:1 (E); be killed, slain Nu 25:14, 25:14, 25:15, 25:18 (c. עַל, for), מֻכֵּי־חֶרֶב Je 18:21 (‖הֲרֻגֵי מָָוֶת); so also (abs.) prob. 1 S 4:2 (rd. וַיֻּכּוּ LXX SyrVer Vulgate Th Dr Klo Kit, for MT וַיַּכּוּ).

5. be attacked and captured, of city Ez 33:21, 40:1.

6. be smitten with disease (by God) 1 S 5:12; abs., of י׳'s servant Is 53:4.

7. be blighted, of plant (in fig.) Ho 9:16 (Ephr.), Ps 102:5 (heart, כָּעֵשֶׂב; both + יָבַשׁ).

646

† [נָכֵה] adj. smitten, stricken (cf. [נָכָא]);—only cstr.: נְכֵה רַגְלַיִם 2 S 4:4, 9:3 crippled of feet; נְכֵה־רוּחַ Is 66:2 contrite of spirit (+ עָנִי).

† [נֵכֶה] adj. id.;—pl. נֵכִים Ps 35:15 smitten ones, but rd. prob. נָכְרִים aliens Ol Che Bae al.

† 1. נָכוֹן n.[m.] = blow Jb 12:5 acc. to Schult Di Bu, but precarious; < Niph. fr. כון q.v.

מַכָּה n.f. blow, wound, slaughter;—abs. מ׳ 1 S 4:8 +; cstr. מַכַּת Is 10:26 +; sf. מַכָּתִי Je 10:19, 15:18, etc.; pl. מַכּוֹת abs. 2 K 8:29 +; cstr. Dt 29:21 +; sf. מַכֹּתְְ Dt 28:59, מַכּוֹתַיִךְ Je 30:17, etc.;—

1. a. blow, stripe, lit. of scourging, chastising Dt 25:3, Pr 20:30 (‖חַבֻּרוֹת פֶּחַע); מַכַּת חֶרֶב Est 9:5 (as acc. cogn.). b. beating, scourging, fig. of defeat of Midian Is 10:26 (‖עוֹרֵר שׁוֹט). c. oft. wound 1 K 22:35, 2 K 8:29, 9:15 = 2 Ch 22:6 (rd. מִן־הַמּ׳), Zc 13:6 (בֵּין יָדֶיְ); symbol. of violence Je 6:7 (+ חֳלִי); פֶּחַע וְחַבּוּרָה וּמַכָּה טְרִיָּה Is 1:6 (of Judah, under fig. of maltreated man), cf. Mi 1:9 אֲנוּשָׁהמ׳), Na 3:19 (‖שֶׁבֶר; of Nineveh), esp. in Je (of Judah): Je 10:19, 14:17, 30:12 (all + נַחֲלָה severe;שֶׁבֶר), 15:18 (אֲנוּשָׁה מ׳), 19:8, 47:17, 50:13, as acc. cogn. 30:14, c. vb. רָפָא heal v:17; also מַחַץ מ׳ Is 30:26 (‖שֶׁבֶר); of wounds made by י׳'s arrows Ps 64:8.

2. = slaughter 1 S 4:10, 14:30, usu. as acc. cogn. c. הִכָּה Jos 10:20, 1 S 6:19, 14:14, 19:8, 23:5, 1 K 20:21, 2 Ch 13:17.

3. = defeat, as acc. cogn. c. הִכָּה Jos 10:10, 11:33, 15:8, 2 Ch 28:5; = conquest (of י׳) Is 14:6.

4. plague, esp. disease, as punishment (of י׳), 1 S 4:8, Dt 28:59, 28:59, 28:59 (‖חֳלִי), v:61 (‖ id.), 29:21 (‖תַּחֲלֻאִים), Lv 26:21 (H), as acc. cogn. Nu 11:33.—מַכּוֹת 2 Ch 2:9 rd. מַכֹּלֶת (v. אכל) as ‖ 1 K 5:25, so LXX Vulgate Be Öt and Th:1 K 5:25.

647

נְכוֹ, נְכֹה n.pr.m Necho (II), king of Egypt (Egypt. Nkw, i.e (Steindorff:BAS i. 346 f.) Nekawō; As. Nikû Id.:ib. Schr:COT 2 K 23:29 is grandfather of Bibl. Necho);—contemp. of Josiah and Nebuchad. [B.C. 611–605]: נְכוֹ 2 Ch 35:20 (LXX θαραω Νεχαω), נְכֹה 2 Ch 35:22, 36:4 (LXX θαραω Νεχαω); פַּרְעֹה נְכוֹ Je 46:2, פַּרְעֹה נְכֹה 2 K 23:29, 23:33, 23:34, 23:35 (all LXX id.).

נָכוֹן n.pr.m. v. sub כִּודֹן, and v. כִּידֹן.

נכח (√ of foll.: prob. be in front of; Lag:BN 30 cp. Ar. نَكَحَ marry (perh. orig. in phys. sense); Syr. ܢܰܟܶܚ is gentle, ܢܟܺܝܚܽܘܬܳܐ gentleness).

נֹ֫כַח subst. front, always in prep. or adv. phrases, with sf. נִכְחוֹ Ex 14:2, Ez 46:9:—

1. as adv. acc. in front of, opposite to, Ex 14:2 נִכְחוֹ תַּחֲנוּ, 26:35 the candlestick נֹכַח הַשֻּׁלְחָן, 40:24, Jos 18:17 (in the ‖ 15:7, נֹכַח לְ: v. לְ 5 c), 1 K 20:29 וַיַּחֲנוּ אֵלֶּה נֹכַח אֵלֶּה, 22:35 (= 2 Ch 18:34), Est 5:1, 5:1; Ez 46:9 Qr כִּי נִכְחוֹ יֵחֵא shall go out in front of himself, i.e. straightforward; cf. נֶגְדּוֹ, נֶגֶד 1 a (b). Fig. Pr 5:21 דַּרְכֵי אִישׁ כִּי נֹכַח עֵינֵי י׳ in the sight of י׳'s eyes are, etc., Ju 18:6 דַּרְכְּכֶם נֹכַח י׳ before י׳ is your way, i.e. under his eye and favourable regard. In the phr. נֹכַח פְּנֵי, Je 17:16 מוֹחָא שְׂפָתַי נֹכַח פָּנֶיְ הָיָה was before thy face, La 2:19, Ez 14:3 מִכְשׁוֹל עֲוֹנָם נָֽתְנוּ נֹכַח פְּנֵיהֶם (i.e. they contemplate it with pleasure), v:4; v:7.

2. combined with preps.:—a. אֶל־נֹכַח, Nu 19:4 פני אהל מועד וְהִזָּה אל־נ׳ and sprinkle it towards the front of, etc. b. לְנֹכַח: (a) as adv. Pr 4:25 יביטו עיניך לנ׳ let thine eyes look to the front or right on (‖ועפיך יַישִׁרוּ נֶגְדְֶָּ); (b) as prep. Gn 30:38 לְנֹכַח הַצּאֹן in front of the flocks 25:21 לְנֹכַח אִשְׁתּוֹ …וַיֶּעְתַּר in fornt of, i.e. on behalf of (cf. pro), his wife; (c) עַד־נֹכַח, Ju 19:10 יְבוּס וַיָּבאֹ עַד־נ׳ as fas as in front of Jebus, 20:43, Ez 47:20 (עַד־נֹכַח לְ). Syn. נֶגֶד, q.v.

† [נָכֹחַ] adj. and subst. straight, right, straightness, f. נְכֹחָה, pl. נְכֹחִים, וֹת-:—Is 57:2 הֹלֵח נְכֹחוֹ he that walks in (cf. 33:15, 50:10) his straightness (Ges ‘der seinen geraden Weg geht’), fig. for straightforwardly (cf. Pr 4:25); נְכֹחָה what is straight in front, fig. straightforwardness, honesty, Am 3:10 לאֹ יָֽדְעוּ עֲשׂוֹת נ׳, Is 59:14 לאֹ תוּכַל לָבוֹא ונ׳ (‖אֱמֶת); 2 S 15:3 דבריך טובים וּנְכֹחִים thy pleadings are good and right (i.e. true), Pr 8:9 (of words of Wisdom) כֻּלָּם נְכֹחִים לַמֵּבִין i.e. they lead straight to the right goal (‖ישׁרים; comp. v:8b אֵין בָּהֶם נִפָתָּל וְעִקֵּשׁ), 24:26 מֵשִׁיב דְּבָרִים נְכֹחִים i.e. either correct (leading to the right point), or honest answers; Is 30:10 לאֹ־תֶחֱזוּ לָנוּ נְכֹחוֹת true things (opp. חֲלָקוֹת, מַהֲתַלּוֹת illusions), 26:10 בְּאֶרֶץ נְכֹחוֹת יְעַוֵּל in a land of rectitude (Che) he will do wickedly.

† [נָכַל] vb. be crafty, deceitful, knavish (As. nakâlu, be crafty, cunning; Targum נְכֵל be crafty, Pa. deceive; Syr. ܢܟܶܠ deceive, plot; cf. perh. wanajal: act faithlessly, wanagel: faithless, Prä:Amhar. Spr. 90);—Qal Pt. נוֹכֵל Mal 1:14 knave. Pi. Pf. 3 mpl. c. acc. cogn. נִכְלֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר נִכְּלוּ לָכֶם Nu 25:18 their wiles with which they beguiled you. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְנַכְּלוּ אֹתוֹ לַהֲמִיתוֹ Gn 37:18 they knavishly planned against him (Kö:iii. 9), etc.; Inf. cstr. לְחִתְנַכֵּל בְ Ps 105:25 to deal knavishly with.

† [נֵ֫כֶל] n. [m.] wiliness, craft, knavery;—only pl. sf. נִכְלֵיהֶם Nu 25:18 their craft, their wile (as acc. cogn. c. נִכֵּל).

כִּילַי, כֵּלַי n.m. knave (for נְכִילַי v. Kö:ii.1, 118);—abs. כִּילַי Is 32:5 (opp. שׁוֹעַ, ‖נָבָל); כֵּלַי v:7 (assonance with כֵּלָיו, fr. כְּלִי q.v.).

† [נֶ֫כֶס] n.m.:Jos 22:8 only pl. נְכָסִים riches, treasures (prob. As. or Aram. loan-word, cf. As. nikâsu, property, wealth, gain, Dl:HWB 463, Syr. ܢܶܟܳܣܶܐ wealth; on deriv. fr. As. nikâsu, cut off, hew down, behead, etc., Syr. ܢܟܰܣ slay, Targum נְכַס, NH נָכַס id., through meaning cattle for slaughter, cf. Frä:98 Hpt:Hbr.iii (Jan.1887), 107 ff. Schwally:Idiot. 120 f. Brock:ad voc.);—Jos 22:8 (P), 2 Ch 1:11, 1:12, Ec 6:2 (all ‖עשֶׁר, כָּבוֹד), 5:18 (‖עשֶׁר).

†I. [נָכַר] vb. (not Qal) regard, recognize (NH Hiph. know, be acquainted with; Targum Aph. id.; Syr. Aph. ܐܰܟܰܪ id.; cf. also Ar. نَكِرَ in sense be shrewd, cunning;—Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. לאֹ נִכְּרוּ La 4:8 they are not recognized. Pi. Pf. לאֹ נִכַּר שׁוֹעַ לִפְנֵי־דָָל Jb 34:19 he regardeth not the opulent above the poor (‖לאֹ־נָשָׂא פְּנֵי שָׂרִים); Impf. לאֹ תְנַכֵָּרוּ Jb 21:29 do ye not recognize their tokens. Hiph. Pf. הִכִּיר Dt 33:9, Dn 11:39 Kt; sf. הִכִּירוֹ Gn 27:23; 3 pl. הִכִּירוּ Ju 18:3 + 2 t., sf. הִכִּירֻהוּ Jb 2:12, הִכִּרֻהוּ Gn 42:8; Impf. יַכִּיר Dt 21:17 + 3 t. + Dn 11:39 Qr; וַיַּכֵּר Gn 38:26 +; sf. וַיַּכִּרֵ֫הוּ 1 K 18:7, יַכִּירֶ֫נּוּ Jb 7:10, וַיַּכִּירָהּ Gn 37:33, etc.; Imv. הַֽכֶּר־ Gn 31:32 + 2 t.; Inf. abs. הַכֵּֽר־ (Ginsb van d. H. הַֽכֶּר־) Pr 24:23 28:21; cstr. sf. הַכִּירֵנִי Ru 2:10; Pt. מַכִּיר Ps 142:5, sf. מַכִּירֵח Ru 2:19, etc.;—

1. regard, observe, esp. with a view to recognition, c. obj. cl., Gn 31:32, 37:32, 38:25; pay attention to, c. acc. pers. Ru 2:10, 2:19; acc. rei (of God) Jb 34:25; acc. rei om. 2 S 3:36; י׳ subj. לְטוֹבָה …כֵּן אַכִּיר Je 24:5 so will I regard the exiles ... for good; Antiochus subj. Dn 11:39; הִכִּיר פָּנִים pay regard to (shew partiality, = נָשָׂא פְּנֵי פ׳) Dt 1:17, 16:19 (‖הִטָּה מִשְׁפָּט), Pr 24:23, 28:21.

2. Recognize (as formerly known) c. acc. pers. vel rei, Gn 27:23, 37:33, 38:26 (all J), 42:7, 42:8, 42:8 (E), 1 K 18:7, 20:41, Jb 2:12; proverb. בְּטֶרֶם יַכִּיר אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ Ru 3:14 before a man could recognize his fellow (i.e. before dawn); recognize voice (קוֹל), Ju 18:3, 1 S 26:17; = perceive the true situation, וָאַכִּירָה וְהִנֵּה Ne 6:12 and I perceived, and lo! God had not sent him.

3. Be willing to recognize, acknowledge Dt 21:17, 33:9, Is 63:16 (‖יָדַע), Ps 142:5; acknowledge with honour Is 61:9.

4. Be acquainted with, לאֹ יַכִּירֶנּוּ עוֹד מְקוֹמוֹ Jb 7:10 his place shall be acquainted with him no more (he shall be gone and forgotten), cf. Ps 103:16; c. acc. rei Jb 24:17.

5. Distinguish, understand, לְקוֹל …הִכִּיר קוֹל Ezr 3:13 could not distinguish, etc.; cf. Jb 4:16 could not distinguish its appearance; הִכִּיר לְדַבֵּר Ne 13:24 understand how to speak, etc.

Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַכֶּר־נָ֑עַר Pr 20:11 by his deeds a youth maketh himself known, whether his doing be pure, etc.

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† [הַכָּרָה] n.f. look (or expression?);—cstr. הַכָּרַת פְּנֵיהֶם Is 3:9 a look at their face witnesses against them (Vulgate Che:Comm. al.), or the expression of their face (Ges:Comm. De Gu SS, cf. Kit-Di), > their regarding of persons SyrVer Targum Thes Hi Du Che:Hpt (v. against this Kit-Di); Ew Di the impudence of their face (√ הכר), but this very dub.

† [מַכָּר] n.m. acquaintance, friend (dub., cf. Benz:ad loc.);—sf. מַכָּרוֹ 2 K 12:6; pl. sf. מַכָּרֵיכֶם v:8.

II. נכר (√ of foll., poss. = I. נכר, whence the foreign, strange, as that which is intently regarded, so Thes, but precarious; cf. As. nakâru, rebel, Pa. change, nakiru, and nakaru, enemy, nukurtu, enmity, etc.; Ar. نَكِرَ in sense be bad, evil; II. change, alter a thing; Sab. נכר II. reject, injure, etc., נכרם injury Sab Denkm:76 CIS:iv. 81.9; 29.5; Min. נכר alter Hom:Südarab. Chrest. 128; Syr. ܢܰܟܰܪ reject, ܢܽܘܟܳܪܳܐ alienus, etc.; Targum נוּכְרַי strange, foreign).

נֶ֫כֶר, [נֹ֫כֶר n.[m.] misfortune, calamity;—abs. נֶכֶר Jb 31:3 calamity (‖אֵיד); sf. נָכְרוֹ Ob:12 his calamity.

נֵכָר n.[m.] that which is foreign, foreignness (on format. cf. Lag:BN 51, 154);—abs. נ׳ Ju 10:16 +, cstr. נֵכַר־ Dt 31:16; —foreignness (of another family, tribe, or nation), esp.

1. אֱלֽהֵי נֵּכָר(הַ) = foreign gods Gn 35:2, 35:4, Jos 24:20, 24:23 (all E, = אֲחֵרִים א׳ of D, cf. אַחֵר), Ju 10:16, 1 S 7:3, Je 5:19, 2 Ch 33:5; נֵכַר־הָאָרֶץ א׳ Dt 31:16 = foreign gods of the land; sg. אֵל נֵכָר Dt 32:12, Mal 2:11, Ps 81:10; אֱלוֹהַּ נ׳ Dn 11:39.

2. נֵּכָר(הַ)בֶּן־ = foreigner Gn 17:12 (‖לאֹ מִזַּרְעְֲ), v:27, Ex 12:43 (all P), Lv 22:25 (H), Ez 44:9, 44:9, Ne 9:2, Is 56:3; נ׳(ה)בְּנֵי 2 S 22:45, 22:46 = Ps 18:45, 18:46, Ez 44:7, Is 56:6, 60:10, 61:5, 62:8, Ps 144:7, 144:11.

3. other combin.: הַבְלֵי נ׳ Je 8:19 foreign vanities (idolatries); מִזְבְּחוֹת הַנּ׳ 2 Ch 14:2 foreign altars; אַדְמַת נ׳ Ps 137:4 foreign soil; מִכָּל־נ׳ Ne 13:30 from everything foreign.

נָכְרִי adj. foreign, alien (NH נָכְרִי = Gentile);—נ׳ abs. m. Zp 1:8 +; f. נָכְרִיָּה Ex 2:22 +; mpl. נָכְרִים Is 2:6 + 2 t. + Pr 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), + 27:13 (so read for MT נָכְרִיָּה); fpl. נָכְרִיּוֹת Gn 31:15 +;—

1. a. foreign: עַם נָכְרִי Ex 21:8 (E) a foreign (non-Isr.) people, אִישׁ נ׳ Dt 17:15 (‖לאֹ אָתִיְ); מַלְבּוּשׁ נ׳ Zp 1:8; אֶרֶץ נָכְרִיָּה Ex 2:22 (J) foreign land, so 18:3 (E); esp. נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת foreign (non-Isr.) women 1 K 11:18, Ezr 10:2, 10:10, 10:11, 10:14, 10:17, 10:18, 10:44, Ne 13:26, 13:27. b. as subst. נָכְרִי foreigner (non-Isr.) Ju 19:12 (+ אֲשֶׁר לאֹ מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל), 1 K 8:41 (+ אֲשֶׁר לאֹ מֵעַמְְּ), = 2 Ch 6:32 (+ id.), 1 K 8:43 = 2 Ch 6:33, Dt 14:21 (‖גֵּר), 15:3, 23:21 (opp. אָחִיְ), 29:21 (+ אֲשֶׁר יָבאֹ מֵאֶרֶץ רְחוֹקָה); as predicate, 2 S 15:19 (‖גֹּלֶה), נָכְרִיָּה Ru 2:10; pl. נָכְרִים foreigners La 5:2 (זָרִים), Ob:11 (‖ id.); cf. יַלְדֵי נָכְרִים Is 2:6; fpl. alien women Gn 31:15 (E; i.e. not of one's father's family).

2. נָכְרִיָּה foreign woman, as term. techn., in Pr, for harlot (perh. because harlots were orig. chiefly foreigners): Pr 2:16 (‖אִשָּׁה זָרָה), 7:5 (‖ id.), 5:20 (‖זָרָה), 6:24 (‖אֵשֶׁת רָָע), 23:27 (‖זוֹנָה).—On 20:16, 27:13 v. infr.

3. fig. unknown, unfamiliar: נָכְרִי הָיִיתִי בְּעֵינֵיהֶם Jb 19:15 an alien am I become in their eyes; לִבְנֵי אִמִּי נ׳ Ps 69:9 (‖מוּזָר הָיִיתִי לְאֶחָָי); אִישׁ נ׳ Ec 6:2; of י׳'s judgment, נָכְרִיָּה עֲבֹדָתוֹ Is 28:21 strange is his task! (‖זָר מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); גֶּפֶן נָכְרִיָּה Je 2:21 an alien vine (opp. זֶרַע אֱמֶת), fig. of degenerate Israel; as subst., נָכְרִים Pr 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), alens, persons unknown to him (‖זָר), so read also (for MT נָכְרִיָּה) ‖ 27:13.

649

† [נכר] vb.denom. act or treat as foreign, or strange; disguise, misconstrue;—Niph. Impf. יִנָּכֵר Pr 26:24 with his lips a hater disguiseth himself (dissembles, speaks what is foreign to his thought). Pi. Pf. נִכַּר 1 S 23:7, but v. infr.; Impf. וַיְנַכְּרוּ Je 19:4 and they have treated this place as foreign (profane); יְנַכְּרוּ חָרֵהוּ Dt 32:27 lest their adversaries should misconstrue (it).—בְּיָדִי נִכַּר אֹתוֹ א׳ 1 S 23:7 God hath alienated him into my hand, but improbable; LXX מָכַר (cf. Ju 4:9) hath sold him, so Th Klo HPS (cf. We); < סִכַּר (as Is 19:4) Krochm Dr; Kit either of these; > סִגַּר Bu; Löhr either סִגַּר or סִכַּר. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְנַכֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם Gn 42:7 he acted as a stranger toward them; Pt. f. מִתְנַכֵּרָָה 1 K 14:5, 14:6 feign to be a stranger-woman.

†[נְכֹת] n. [f.] treasure (so context demands) (LXXL 2 K 20:13 τῆς ὑπάρξεως, cf. SyrVer Targum; der. uncertain; Dl:Prol. 141 cp. As. bit nakamti (nakanti), house of treasure, √ nakâmu, heap up [Dl:HWB 462], whence נ׳ ב׳ perh. borrowed; this favoured by Nö:ZMG xl (1886), 731 Hpt:ZA ii. 256 (reading nakavâti = nakamâti, and Heb. נִכְוֹתָיו ב׳ or נְכוֹתָו ב׳)).—Only sf. בֵּית נְכֹתֹה = his treasure-house 2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2.

נלה doubtful √ (Ar. نيل, نَالَ is obtain, attain, نَيْلُ what one obtains by another's bounty, Lane:3040);—for supposed Hiph. Inf. sf. כַּנְּלֽתְְ Is 33:1 = כְּהַנְלֽתְְ (Ki Ges:Lgb. 87 Kö:i. 574), read כְּכַלֹּתְְ (Pi. Inf. of כלה; so Ra Capp Ges:Thes Ew Kn Che Brd Di Du), cf. ‖כַּהֲתִֽמְְ.

† [מִנְלֶה] n. [m.] ? gain acquisition ?—Only sf. לאֹ יִטֶּה לָאָרֶץ מִנְלָם Jb 15:29 (si vera l.) their acquisition, but very dub.; Di (formerly) שִׁבֳּלִים, Hi מְלִלִים ears, cf. Bu; other conj. v. in Di; Du thinks hopelessly corrupt.—LXX σκιάν [i.e. חִלָּם], SyrVer their word [מִלָּתָם].

נְמִבְזָה 1 S 15:9 v. בזה Niph. p. 102

נְמוּאֵל n.pr.m. (cf. Gray:Prop. N. 307);—

1. son of Simeon Nu 26:12, 1 Ch 4:24 (= יְמוּאֵל, q. v., Gn 46:10, Ex 6:15), LXX Ναμουηλ.

2. a Reubenite (brother of Dathan and Abiram) Nu 26:9, LXX id.

נְמוּאֵלִי adj.gent. of 1 supr., only c. art. הַגּ׳ as n. coll. Nu 26:12, LXX Ναμουηλει.

נמל (√ of following, meaning unknown).

נְמָלָה n.f.unit. (Lag:BN 81) ant (NH id.; Ar. نَمْلَةُ (nom. unit. of نَمْلُ); Syr. ܢܡܳܠܳܐ);—abs. נ׳ Pr 6:6; pl. הַנְּמָלִים 30:25.

נמר (√ of foll., meaning dub.; poss. cp. As. namâru, shine, gleam (fr. glossy coat of panther and leopard), [v. Ar. نَمِرُ pardus, and limpidus, purus (of water; cf. infr. נמרים)] so Hom:NS 294 f.; ag. this Nö:ZMG xl (1886), 736 Schwally:Idiot. 121; נָמֵר is comm. Sem.: As. nimru Dl:HWB 468; Ar. ܢܰܡܺܪܽܢ, نِم ْرُ Lane:2853; Eth. nmr?\ Syr. ܢܶܡܪܳܐ, Targum נִמְרָא; NH נָמֵר).

נָמֵר n.m.:Is 11:6 leopard;—abs. נ׳ Ho 13:7 + 3 t.; pl. נְמֵרִים Hb 1:8, Ct 4:8; —leopard, as spotted Je 13:23, swift Hb 1:8, keen-eyed Je 5:6 (symb. of calamities of Isr.), so Ho 13:7 (sim. of י׳); עִם־גְּדִי יִרְבָָּץ נ׳ Is 11:6 (predict); חַרֲרֵי נְמֵרִים Ct 4:8 (‖מְעֹנוֹת אֲרָיוֹת).

נִמְרָה n.pr.loc. place E. of Jordan Nu 32:3 (+ עֲטָרוֹת, דִּיבֹן, חֶשְׁבּוֹן, etc.), LXX Ναμβρα, A Αμβραμ, LXXL Μαμβραν. Perh. = Tel Nimrîn, c. 6m. E. of Jordan, nearly opp. Jericho, cf. Buhl:Geogr. 264.—Cf. בֵּית נ׳ (q.v.), also in NH (cf. נמרה n.pr.m. Sinait. Inscr. SACook:81 Lzb:323; meaning dub.; Nö:ZMG xxix (1875), 437 thinks from spotted or striped appearance of ground; place of leopard also Gray:Prop. Names 92 (on tribal names from leopard v. RS:K 201 also Sab n.pr. אנמרם Levy-Os:l. c., etc.); We:Heid:2, 82 thinks of clear water [cf. foll.]).

נִמְרִים n.pr.loc. in Moab (cf. Sab. נמרן attrib. of Barḳm, DHM:ZMG xxix (1875), 592, v. also CIS:iv. No. 103, p. 169; مَأُن نَمِيرُ wholesome water Lane:2853, also We:l. c.);—only מֵי נִמְרִים Is 15:6, Je 48:34; prob. = Βηνναμαρειμ Lag:Onom. 284:33, in Wady Numêre at SE. end of Dead Sea, Buhl:Geogr. 272.

650

נִמְרֹד, נִמְרוֹד n.pr.m Nimrod (etym. and meaning wholly unknown; Thes (dub.) sub מָרַד rebel (of which Hebr. may have thought [cf. Lag:BN 105]); in fact prob. Bab. name;

1. = a god e.g. Marduk, We:Comp. Hex. (2), 308 f.; Nimrod, Encycl. Brit. (9). xvii. 511, RS:Sem. i. 91 n.; 2d ed. 92; Hom:PSBA xv (1893), 291–300 prop. Narûdu = *Namra-uddu, a star-god.

2. < name of Bab. king or prince: Nu-marad = ‘Man of Marad’ cf. Dl:Pa 220 De:Gn 10:8 [1887]; more plausibly = Nazi-maraddash (marattash, murudas), Hpt:Andover Rev. July, 1884, 93 f. Dl:K (1884) Say:Athen. Feb. 16, 1895, Acad. Mar. 2, 1895 (cf. Che:ib. Mar. 9),—i.e. a Kashite kg., B.C. 1378, but dub., cf. Hpt:BAS i (1889), 183, Jeremias:Izdubar-Nimrod, 1891, 1 ff.);—son of כּוּשׁ (q.v.), hero and hunter Gn 10:8, 10:9 (J; kg. in Babylonia, builder of Nineveh, etc. v:10 f.), נִמְרוֹד 1 Ch l:l0; אֶרֶץ נִמְרֹד Mi 5:5 (‖אֶרֶץ אַשּׁוּר); LXX Νεβρωδ.

נִמְשִׁי n.pr.m. grandfather of Jehu 2 K 9:2, 9:14; יֵהוּא בֶן־נ׳ 1 K 19:16, 2 K 9:20, 2 Ch 22:7; LXX Ναμεσθει, Ναμεσ(σ)ει.

נֵס v. נסס. נְסִבָּה v. סבב. p. 651, 687

נְסָה v. נשׂא. qal impv p. 670

† [נָסָה] vb. Pi. test, try (NH id., Pi.; Targum Pa. נַסִּי; Syr. Pa. ܢܰܣܺܝ; cf. Eth. mansat: temptation);—Pi. Pf. 3 ms. נִסָּה Dt 4:34 + 3 t.; sf. נִסָּהוּ Ex 15:25; 3 fs. נִסְּתָה Dt 28:56; 1 s. נִסִּיתִי Ec 7:23, + 4 t. Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְנַסֵּם Dn 1:14; 1 s. אֲנַסֶּה Ju 6:39; sf. אֲנַסְּכָה Ec 2:2; 3 mpl. יְנַסּוּ Nu 14:22; 2 mpl. תְּנַסָּוּן Ex 17:2, + 7 t. Impf.; Imv. נַס Dn 1:12; sf. נַסֵּנִי Ps 26:2; Inf. cstr. נַסּוֹת Ex 20:20, + 8 t. Inf.; Pt. מְנַסֶּה Dt 13:4; —

1. test, try (syn. בחן), abs. 1 S 17:39 (a sword); c. בְּ Ju not found7:39, Ec 2:1; c. acc. Dn 1:12, 1:14; acc. + בְּ 1 K 10:1 = 2 Ch 9:1, Ec 7:23.

2. attempt, assay, try to do a thing, c. Inf. Dt 4:34, 28:56; c. acc. Jb 4:2 (venture a word).

3. test, try, prove, tempt [but not in modern sense of the word: v. Dr:Dt 6:16; PsalmPsalm 453, 483] a. God tests or proves Abr. Gn 22:1 (E), Isr. Ex 15:25, 20:20 (E), 16:4 (J), Dt 8:2, 8:16, 13:4; c. בְּ Ju 2:22, 3:1, 3:4; tribe of Levi Dt 33:8 (poem); Hezekiah 2 Ch 32:31; psalmist Ps 26:2. b. Isr. tests, or tries God: Ex 17:2, 17:7, Nu 14:22 (J), Dt 6:16, Ps 78:18, 78:41, 78:56, 95:9, 106:14; so Ahaz, Is 7:12.

†II. מַסָּה n.f. test, trial, proving;—מ׳ Ps 95:8; cstr. מַסַּת Jb 9:23; pl. מַסֹּת Dt 4:34, 7:19, מַסּוֹת Dt 29:2; —testingsor provings of Pharaoh and Egyptians at Exodus, Dt 4:34 (v. Dr), 7:19, 29:2 (‖אֹתֹת);—test, trial, of innocent person Jb 9:23 acc. to Hi al., but v. I. מַסָּה sub מסס.

†III. מַסָּה n.pr.loc where Israel tried י׳ in the wilderness, Ex 17:7 (JE), Dt 6:16, 9:22, Ps 95:8 (all LXX (ὁ) πειρασμός), where Levi was tested Dt 33:8 (LXX πείρᾳ).

† [נָסַח] vb. pull or tear away (NH נָסַח, Targum נְסַח both remove; As. nasâḫu = BH, so OAram. נסח Cook:82 Lzb:323; Ar. نَسَخَ annul, supersede, change by substitution, copy; cf. As. nisḫu, nusḫu, extract, excerpt Dl:HWB 472 Meissn:ZA iv (1889), 267; NH נָסְחָה, Nab. נסחת id., also Aram. נוסחא (whence Ar. نُسْخَةُ) Hoffm: ZMG xxxii. 760 cf. Frä:251; Syr. ܢܣܰܚ copy);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. בְּית גֵּאִים יִסַּח י׳ Pr 15:25 the house of proud men will י׳ tear down; וְיִסָּֽחְֲ מֵאֹהֶל Ps 52:7 yea, he [י׳] shall tear thee away, without a tent; 3 mpl. יִסְּחוּ מִן Pr 2:22 transgressors shall (men) tear away from the land (rd. perh. יִנָּֽסְחוּ shall be torn away;יִכָּרֵָתוּ; cf. Ges:§ 144, 3b. R Da:Synt. § 108. b). Niph. Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וְנִסַּחְתֶּם מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה Dt 28:63 and ye shall be torn away from off the land.

מַסָּח 2 K 11:6, v. p. 587 a supr.

†I. נָסַךְ vb. pour out (NH id., pour, cast (metals, Pi. make libation; Ph. נסך cast gold or iron Lzb:323 f.; Targum נְסַח make libation; Syr. نسَك pour out; Ar. نَسَكَ, orig. be-pour, water Nö:ZMG xii (1887), 719 (rare), usu. worship Lane:3032 (cf. RS:Sem. i. 213; 2d ed. 229), i.e. pour out blood of victim, pour out wine We:Heid. 2, 114, 118, 142; —Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָסַךְ Is 29:10, 40:19; נָסָָךְ 44:10; Impf. 3 mpl. יִסְּכוּ Ho 9:4; 2 ms. תִּסְּכוּ Ex 30:9; Inf. לִנְסֹח Is 30:1; Pt. Pass. f. נְסוּכָה 25:7; —

1. pour out, c. עַל (the spirit of deep sleep) Is 29:10.

2. pour out libations, c. acc. נֶסֶךְ Ex 30:9 (P); מַסֵּכָה Is 30:1; יַיִן Ho 9:4.

3. cast metal images, c. acc. פֶּסֶל Is 40:19, 44:10.

Piel Impf. יְנַסֵךְ 1 Ch 11:18 pour out as libation, c. acc. מַיִם + ליהוה (= 2 S 23:16 Hiph.).

Hiph. Pf. 3 mpl. הִסִּכוּ Je 32:39; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּסֵח Gn 35:14 + 2 t.; 1 s. אַסִּיח Ps 16:4; 3 mpl. וַיַסִּיכוּ Ez 20:28; Imv. הַסֵח Nu 28:7; Inf. abs. הַסֵּיח Je 44:l7; הַסֵח Je 7:18 + 3 t.; cstr. לְהַסֵח Je 44:19, 44:25 (Kö:i. 309);—pour out libations, c. acc. נֶסֶךְ Gn 35:14 (E), 2 K 16:13, Nu 28:7 (P), מַיִם 2 S 23:l6 ליהוה; elsewhere, נְסָכִים to other gods Je 7:18, 19:13, 32:29, 44:17, 44:18, 44:19, 44:19, 44:25, Ez 20:28, Ps 16:4.

Hoph. Impf. 3 ms. יֻסַּךְ be poured out, Ex 25:29, 37:16, of holy wine, c. בְ of vessels.

651

נֶ֫סֶךְ n. m. drink-offering;—abs. נ׳ Gn 35:14 + 6 t.; נֵ֫סֶךְ Ex 29:40, 30:9, Ez 45:17; נָ֑סֶךְ Nu 4:7, Jo 1:13; cstr. נֶסֶךְ Nu 28:7; sf. נִסְכִּי Is 48:5, etc.; pl. נְסָכִים Je 7:18 + 9 t.; sf. נְסָכֶיהָ Nu 29:31, נִסְכֵּיכֶם v:39, etc.;—

1. drink-offering, c. עַל (on Jacob's מַצֵּבָה at Bethel) Gn 35:14 (E); elsewhere in worship of י׳ only P and related doc.; once of vessels of holy table קְשׂוֹת הַנָּ֑סֶךְ Nu 4:7; elsewh. in classifications Lv 23:37, Nu 29:39, usu. offered with the עלה Ex 29:40, Lv 23:13, 23:18, Nu 15:5, 15:7, 15:10, 15:24, 28:7, 28:14, 28:31, 29:18, 29:21, 29:24, 29:27, 29:30, 29:33, 29:37, esp. עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד 28:9, 28:10, 28:15, 28:24, 29:6, 29:11, 29:16, 29:19, 29:22, 29:25, 29:28, 29:31, 29:34, 29:38; מִנְחַת הַבֹּקֶר Ex 29:41, Nu 28:8; but sts. also with (שׁלמים) זבח 6:15, 6:17, 15:15, 15:10; usu. + מִנְחָה; elsewhere only 1 Ch 29:21, 2 Ch 29:35, Ez 45:17; מִנְחָה וָנ׳ Jo 1:9, 1:13, 2:14. Offered to other gods 2 K 16:13, 16:15, Is 57:6, Je 7:18, 19:13, 32:29, 44:17, 44:18, 44:19, 44:19, 44:25, Ez 20:28, Ps 16:4.

2. molten images, Is 41:29, 48:5, Je 10:14, 51:17.—Combinations are: נָסַךְ נ׳, הִסִּיךְ נ׳ (see vb.); שָׁפַךְ נ׳ Is 57:6.

† I. [נָסִיךְ] n. m. 1. libation; 2. molten image;—

1. sf. יֵין נְסִיכָם wine of their drink-offering Dt 32:38.

2. molten image, sf. נְסִכֵיהֶם Dn 11:8.

† I. מַסֵּכָה n. f. 1. molten metal, or image; 2. libation;—מ׳ Ex 32:4 +; cstr. מַסֵּכַת Is 30:22; pl. מַסֵּכוֹת 1 K 14:9 +; sf. מַסֵּכֹתָם Nu 33:52; —

1. libation, with covenant sacrif. in making covenant Is 30:1 (= 1. נֶסֶךְ; see, however, sub II. [נָסַךְ]).

2. molten metal, or image: עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה molten calf Ex 32:4, 32:8, Dt 9:16, Ne 9:18, cf. Ps 106:19; אֱלֽהֵי מַסֵּכָה molten gods Ex 34:17, Lv 19:4; חַלְמֵי מ׳ Nu 33:52; פֶּסֶל וּמַסֵּכָה Dt 27:15, Ju 17:3, 17:4, 18:14, Na 1:14, 2 Ch 34:3, 34:4, elsewh. (variously) Dt 9:12, Ju 18:17, 18:18, 1 K 14:9, 2 K 17:16, 2 Ch 28:2, Is 30:22, 42:17, Ho 13:2, Hb 2:18.

† II. [נָסַךְ] vb. weave (Ar. نَسَجَ has same meaning);—Qal Pt. pass. f. נְסוּכָה Is 25:7; perh. also Inf. cstr. לִנְסֹח 30:1; on both v. foll.

† II. מַסֵּכָה n. f. woven stuff, web, esp. as covering;—abs. הַנְּסוּכָה עַל־ הַמּ׳ Is 25:7 the web that is woven over all the nations (i.e. mourning-veil, symb. of distress; ‖הַלּוֹט הַלּוֹט); = bed- covering 28:20 (in fig.). Perhaps also לִנְסֹךְ מ׳ 30:1 weave a web (‖לַעֲשׂוֹת עֵחָה), ref. to negotiations with Egypt (so Vulgate Aq Ew De Che Di; > LXX Ges Hi Kn Brd Du pour a libation; מ׳ not elsewhere = נֶסֶךְ).

† [מַסֶּ֫כֶת] n. f. web of unfinished stuff, on loom (v. GFM:PAOS, Oct. 1889, clxxvii);—only abs. מַסָָּכֶת Ju 16:13, 16:14.—מָסָח, מְסֻכָה v. סכך.

† III. [נָסַךְ] vb. set, install (As. nasâku, id., whence nasîku, prince, Dl:HWB 472; v. also Muss-Arnolt:Hbr. vi. 89. R. 17 and reff.);—Qal Pf. 1 S. נָסַכְתִּי מַלְכִּי עַל־חִיּוֹן Ps 2:6 I have installed my king upon Zion. Niph. Pf. 1 S. נִסַּכְתִּי Pr 8:23 I was installed (of Wisdom).

† II. [נָסִיךְ] n. m. prince;—pl. cstr. נְסִיכֵי Jos 13:21, Ez 32:30, Mi 5:4; sf. נְסִיכֵמוֹ Ps 83:12.

נִסְמָן v. סמן. p. 702

† I. [נָסַס] vb. be sick (?; cf. Syr. ܢܰܣ id., and esp. ܢܰܣܺܝܣ debilis, infirmus, aegrotans, etc., PS:2387; Targum נְסַס be sad; As. nasâsu, wail, lament Dl:HWB 472; Ar. نَسَّ is go at a gentle pace);—only Qal Pt. act. (si vera l.) כִּמְסֹס נֹסֵס Is 10:18 like the wasting away of a sick man (so Thes Ew De Che Di Du).

II. נסס (√ of foll. = be high or conspicuous ? Hithpoïl. Inf. לְהִתְנוֹסֵס Ps 60:6, acc. to some denom. from נֵס that it may be displayed, AV, cf. De; < v. נוס; Pt. מִתְנוֹסְסוֹת Zc 9:16 raised ? prominent ? (עַל־אַדְמָתוֹ; of precious stones, in fig.) very dub.; We Now del.; Gr מִתְנוֹחְחוֹת).

נֵס n.[m.] standard, ensign, signal, sign (NH id., flag, usu. sign, i.e. miracle; Targum נֵס, נִסָּא sign, miracle);—נ׳ abs. Nu 21:8 +; cstr. Is 11:10; sf. נִסִּי Ex 17:15, Is 49:22; —

1. a. standard, as rallying-point, נִסִּי י׳ Ex 17:15 (E), י׳ my standard (name of altar); conspicuously set on hill Is 30:17 (sim. of solitariness; ‖תֹּרֶן עַל־ראֹשׁ הָהָר); signal of war [v. Schumacher:ZPV ix. 232, Across the Jordan, 104 f.] (esp. to the nations, for destruction or deliverance of Judah, Is Je), לַגּוֹיִם נָשָׂא נ׳ Is 5:26, 11:12 cf. 18:3 (on mts., ‖תָּקַע שׁוֹפָר); אֶל־עַמִּים אָרִים נ׳ 49:22 (‖אֶשָּׂא אֶל־גּוֹיִם יָדִי),—in all these subj. י׳; cf. עֹמֵד לְנֵס עַמִּים Is 10:11 (of Mess. kg.); שְׂאוּ נ׳ 13:2 (on mt.), Je 50:2, 51:12 (c. אֶל־ against), v:27 (‖תִּקְעוּ שׁוֹפָר בַּגּוֹיִם), עַל־עַמִּים הָרִימוּ נ׳ Is 62:10, cf. Je 4:21 (‖קוֹל שׁוֹפָר); לְהִתְנוֹסֵס נ׳…נָתַתָּה Ps 60:6 thou hast set a standard (only) for fleeing. b. signal, חִיּ֫וֹנָה שְׂאוּ נ׳ Je 4:6 (i.e. to direct refugees to Zion).

2. standard, as pole, supporting serpent of bronze Nu 21:8, 21:9 (JE).

3. a. ensign, signal, מִמִּחְרַיִם הָיָה מִפְרָשֵׁח לִהְיוֹת לָח לְנֵס…שֵׁשׁ Ez 27:7 byssus from Egypt was thy sail, to serve thee for an ensign (so DaToy; on lack of pennon on ancient ships v. Co; > del. Co Berthol); so b. (since sails were the only ensign) = sail Is 33:23 (Che Di al.; > pennon Ges Hi Ew De Du).

4. sign (cf. NH) = warning Nu 26:10 (P).

652

I. נָסַע:147 vb. pull out or up, set out, journey (NH id., move, march; As. nisû, set out, withdraw, etc. Dl:HWB 470; Nö:ZMG x1(1886), 723 cp. also Ar. نَزَعَ, Eth. naz9a: [rare] pull up, away, so Ba:ES 51);—Qal:137 Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ Gn 33:17 +, 3 mpl. נָֽסְעוּ Dt 10:6, נָסָָעוּ Nu 2:34 +, etc.; Impf. יִסַּע Is 33:20, וַיִּסַּע Gn 12:9 +, sf. וַיִּסָּעֵם Ju 16:3; 3 mpl. יִסְעוּ Ex 40:36 +, יִסָָּעוּ Nu 2:9 +; 2 mpl. תִּסְעוּ Jos 3:3; 1 pl. נִסְעָה cohort. Gn 33:12, וַנִּסַּע Dt 1:19, 2:1, וַנִּסְעָה Ezr 8:31, etc.; Imv. סְעוּ Dt 2:24 +; Inf. abs. Gn 12:9; cstr. נְסֹעַ Jos 3:14 +; sf. נָסְעָם Gn 11:2, Nu 10:34; Pt. נֹסֵעַ Ex 14:10, Nu 10:33; pl. נֹסְעִים Nu 10:29; —

1. pull out or up, city-gate and gate-posts Ju 16:3; loom v:14 (on text cf. GFM), tent-pegs Is 33:20 (fig. of Jerusalem; cf. also Niph.).

2. hence (from pulling up tent-pegs), a. set out Gn 35:5, Nu 12:15 (both E), Je 4:7 (‖יָחָא מִמְּקוֹמוֹ); even of lifeless things, e.g. the ark, הָאָרוֹן Nu 10:35 (JE); oft. in P: Ex 14:15, 40:37, Nu 1:51, 4:5, 4:15, 9:17 + 8 t. Nu 9, 10:5, 10:6, 10:17, 10:18, 10:21, 10:22, 10:25, so prob. also 2:8 + 6 t. Nu 2 (v. infr.; even of lifeless things, דֶּגֶל 10:18, 10:12, מִשְׁכָּן 1:51, אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד 2:17), 33:3; וַיָּבֹא…וַיִּסַּע Gn 46:1 (E) and Isr. set out, and came, etc., Ex 16:1, 19:2, Nu 20:22, Jos 9:17 (all P), Dt 1:7, נִסְעָה וְנֵלֵָכָה 33:12 (J); (וַיַּעֲלוּ…) וַיִּסְעוּ Ju 18:11, סְעוּ וְעִבְרוּ Dt 2:24; נ׳ oft. c. מִן Gn 35:16 (E), Nu 10:34 (JE), מֵאָהֳלֵיהֶם לַעֲבֹר נ׳ Jos 3:14 (JE), set out from their tents, to cross, etc.; cf. נ׳ לָלֶכֶת…מִן Ezr 8:31; c. מִן + ויבא, Jos 3:1 (JE), Nu 33:9 (P), + וַיֵּלֶח v:3 (D), Dt 1:19, + וַיַּעַבְרוּ Nu 33:8 (P); + וַיָּשָׁב + וַיַּחֲ֔נוּ Nu 33:7 (P). b. depart, c. מִן Gn 37:17 (J), 2 K 3:27, 19:8, 19:36 = Is 37:8, 37:37; even of עַמּוּד הֶעָנָן Ex 14:19 (J); of angel v:19 (E; + וַיֵּלֶח).

3. journey, march (by stages) Gn 12:9, 35:21 (both J), Nu 10:13, 10:14, 10:28 (P), (poss. also Nu 2:9 etc., cf. 2 supr.); + לְמַסְעֵיהֶם acc. to their stations, i.e. by stages Ex 17:1, Nu 10:12 (+ מִן), cf. Ex 40:36 (all P); sq. ה loc. Gn 12:9, 33:17 (both J), Dt 1:40 2:1; סְעוּ לָכֶם הַמִּדְבָּר Nu 14:25 (JE); sq. מִקֶּדֶם eastward (v. מִן 1. c) Gn 11:2, 13:11 (both J), אַחֲרֵי Ex 14:10 (J), אֶל־ Nu 10:29, לִפְנֵי v:33 (of ark; all J); sq. מִן + ה loc. Gn 20:1 (E), Dt 10:6, 10:7, Ex 12:37 (P), + acc. loc. Nu 11:35 (JE); sq. מִן + acc. of distance, דֶּרֶח 10:33 (JE), 21:4 (P); esp. וַיַּחֲנוּ…וַיִּסְעוּ מִן Nu 21:12, 21:13 (JE), Ex 13:20, Nu 21:11, 33:5 + 37 t. Nu 33 (all P); of shepherds Je 31:24.—נָֽסְעוּ כְמוֹ חאֹן Zc 10:2 is dub.; We נָעוּ or יָנֻעוּ, so Now.

4. of wind, רוּחַ מֵאֵת י׳ נ׳ Nu 11:31 there set forth (sprang up) a wind from י׳. † Niph. Pf. be pulled up, removed: 3 ms. דּוֹרִי נִסַּע וְנִגְלָה מִנִּי כְּאֹהֶל רֹעִי Is 38:12; of tent-peg הֲלאֹ נִסַּע Jb 4:21 (reading יְתֵדָם for יִתְרָם, v. II. יֶתֶר). † Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַסַּע Ps 78:26, וַיַּסַּע Ex 15:22 + 2 t.; 2 ms. תַּסִּיעַ Ps 80:9, 3 fs. תַּסִּיעִי 2 K 4:4; 3 mpl. וַּיַּסִּ֫עוּ 1 K 5:31; Pt. מַסִּיעַ Ec 10:9; —1. cause to set out, lead out, c. acc. pers. Ex 15:22 (J; + מִן, וַיֵּחְאוּ), Ps 78:52 (כַּצּאֹן; ‖וַיְנַהֲגֵם), 80:9 (מִן; fig. of vine); fig. of a wind, cause to spring up, יַסַּע קָדִים Ps 78:26 (‖וַיְנַהֵג; cf. Qal 4). 2. remove, c. acc. rei 2 K 4:4; וַיַּסַּע כָּעֵץ תִּקְוָתִי Jb 19:10; specif., remove from quarry, quarry: 1 K 5:31 and they quarried great stones, cf. Ec 10:9.

מַסַּע n. [m.] pulling up, breaking camp, setting out, journey;—abs. מ׳ Nu 10:2, Dt 10:11; pl. cstr. מַסְעֵי Nu 10:28, 33:1; sf. מַסָּעָיו Gn 13:3, מַסְעֵיהֶם Ex 17:1 + 6 t.;—

1. a. pulling up, breaking camp (c. acc. מַחֲנֶה; Ges:§ 45 e, 115 d) Nu 10:2. b. setting out Nu 10:6, cf. v:23.

2. station, stage, journey (by stages), וַיֵּלֶךְ לְמ׳ Gn 13:3 and he went by (acc. to) his journeyings (cf. הלך, p. 231 a supr.); לְמַסְעֵיהֶם Ex 17:1 cf. 40:36; 40:38, Nu 10:12 (all P; all c. נָסַע), 33:1, 33:2 (‖מוֹחָאֵיהֶם), v:2 (‖ id.); קוּם לֵךְ לְמַסַּע Dt 10:11 for journeying (v. Dr).

† I. מַסֶּע n.[m.] quarry or quarrying;—only abs. as adv. acc., אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה מַסָּע 1 K 6:7 stone perfect (at the) quarry (or at quarrying, i.e. when it was quarried; cf. Benz; text dub.).

II. נסע (√ of foll.; poss. Ar. نَسَغَβ throw (puncture, wound, etc.), Kam Frey, so Buhl:13).

† II. מַסָּע missile, dart;—only abs. Jb 41:18 (+ חֲנִית, שִׁרְיָה).

נסק whence אֶסַּק Ps 139:8 acc. to Thes al.; but v. סלק. p. 701

נִסְרֹךְ n. pr. div. Assyr. god, worshipped by Sennach., 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38; LXX Εσδραχ, A Εσθραχ, LXXL Ασραχ(Κ); LXX Νασαραχ, א Ασαρακ, A Ασαραχ (Is); Jos:Ant. x. 1, 5 Αρασκη; no such god in cuneif. inscr.; see views in Meinh:Jesaiaerzählungen (1898) ad loc.; crpt. form of Nusku (= נסוך) acc. to Hal:JAs. xiii (1879), 387 = Mêl. de. Crit. 177 Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi.1 (1892), 86; Hbr. vii. 89 R. 17; Nusku is a solar diety, cf. Jastr:Rel. Bab. 220 f.

נֵעָה, נֹעָה v. נוע. p. 631

653

נְעִיאֵל n. pr. loc. on border of Asher Jos 19:27; LXX Ιναηλ, A Ανιηλ, LXXL Ναειηλ.

נָעַל vb. bar, bolt, lock (NH id.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָעַל 2 S 13:18, נָעָָל Ju 3:23; Imv. נְעֹל 2 S 13:17; Pt. pass. נָעוּל Ct 4:12, 4:12; fpl. נְעֻלוֹת Ju 3:24; —bar, bolt, lock, usu. c. acc. דֶּלֶת, דְּלָתוֹת: Ju 3:23, + אַחֲרֵי after, behind, v:24, 2 S 13:17, 13:18; elsewh. only גַּן נָעוּל Ct 4:12 a garden barred (fig. of Shulamite), so also v:12 b (reading גַּן for גַּל, Vrss Gr Bu).

נַ֫עַל n. f.:Jos 9:5 sandal, shoe (NH id.; Ar. نَعْلُ id. (also horse-shoe, etc.); Syr. ܢܰܥܠܳܐ appar. only horse-shoe (rare; also NS) PS:2405; cf. poss. Eth. n9lt: (obsol.) wife of Levirate marriage Di:676);—abs. נ׳ Gn 14:23, נָ֑עַל Dt 25:10; sf. נַעֲלִי Ps 60:10, 108:10, נַעַלְְ Jos 5:15, etc.; du. נַעֲלָָיִם Am 2:6, 8:6; pl. נְעָילִם Is 11:15, Ct 7:2, נְעָלוֹת Jos 9:5; sf. נְעָלֶיְ Ex 3:5, Ez 24:17, נְעָלָיו Is 5:27, נְעָלֵינוּ Jos 9:13, נַעֲלֵיכֶם Ex 12:11, Ez 24:23; —sandal Ju 9:13, Am 2:6, 8:6 (du. = pair of sandals; mentioned as of little worth); Dt 29:4; on (ב) feet Jos 9:5 (JE), 1 K 2:5, Ez 24:23, Ex 12:11 (P); cf. פְּעָמַיִךְ בַּנְּעָלִים Ct 7:2, וְהִדְרִיךְ בַּנ׳ Is 11:15; put on sandal is בְּרֶגֶל שִׂים נ׳ Ez 24:17; loose the sandal is חָלַץ Is 20:2, Dt 25:9 cf. v:10; שַׁל (Imv.) Ex 3:5 (E), Jos 5:15 (JE); שָׁלַף Ru 4:7, 4:8 (cf. Burton:Midian ii. 197); sandal-thong is שְׂרוֹךְ Gn 14:23, Is 5:27; עַל־אֱדוֹם אַשְׁלִיךְ נַעֲלִי Ps 60:10 upon Edom do I cast my sandal = 108:10, denotes either contempt (Hup; עַל = unto, fig. of slave), or taking possession of (Fl in De, Che Bae), ‖מוֹאָב סִיר רַחְחִי favoursformer.—On symbolic use of sandal v. further Goldziher:Abh. z. Arab. Philol. i. 47 f. Jacob:Arab. Dicht. iv. 23.

† [נָעַל] vb. denom. furnish with sandals, shoe (Targum נְעַל (rare), bind on sandal; Ar. نَعَلَ furnish with sandals, shoe horse or camel; Syr. ܢܰܥܶܠ shoe horse);—Qal Impf. 1 S. sf. וָאֶנְעֲלֵח תָָּחַשׁ Ez 16:10 and I shod thee with תחשׁ (q. v.). Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. sf. וַיַּנְעִלוּם 2 Ch 28:15 and gave them sandals.

מַנְעוּל n.[m.] bolt;—abs. כַּפּוֹת הַמּ׳ Ct 5:5 (of house-door); pl. sf. מַנְעוּלָיו Ne 3:3, מַנְעֻלָיו v:6; v:13; v:14; v:15, all of city- gates, in phr. מַנ׳(וּ)דַּלְתֹתָיו וּבְרִיחָיו.

† [מִנְעָל] n. m. id., only sf. בַּרְזֶל וּנְחשֶׁת מִנְעָלְֶָ Dt 33:25 (song).

† I. [נָעֵם] vb. be pleasant, delightful, lovely (Ph. נעם good Lzb:324 (and many n. pr.); Ar. نَعِمَ be plentiful, easy, pleasant; أَنْعَمَ عَلَي shew gracious favour toward, oft. in Qor; Sab. נעם be lovely, agreeable, well Levy- Os:ZMG xix (1865), 178 CIS:iv. 19, 11, so Min. Hom:Südar. Chrest. 128; OAram. in n. pr. Lzb:222, 324 Cook:82 (נעמתי my darling [or my songs, cf. II. נ׳]); Targum נָעִים pleasant, lovely, נְעִימְתָּא loveliness; Prä:Bas i. 46 f. cp. Eth. 0ayma: be pleasant, = 0an9ama:);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. נָעֵָמָה Gn 49:15 (poem in J; of land); 2 ms. (of delightful friend) נָעַמְתָּ לִי מְאֹד 2 S 1:26, also (of physical beauty) מִמִּי נָעָָמְתָּ Ez 32:19; 2 fs. (id.) מַה־נָּעַמְתְּ Ct 7:7 how lovely art thou ! (‖מַה־יָּפִית); 3 pl., of pleasant words, נָעֵָמוּ Ps 141:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִנְעָָם: לְנַפְשְְׁ יִנ׳ Pr 2:10 (of knowledge); לֶחֶם סְתָרִים יִנ׳ 9:17 (‖יִמְתָָּקוּ); יִנ׳ 24:25 is impers. c. ל, to them...shall be delight.

נֹ֫עַם n. m.:Ps 90:17 delightfulness, pleasantness (Ecclus נועם תירוש 32:6);—נ׳ abs. Zc 11:7 + 4 t.; cstr. Ps 27:4, 90:17; —

1. delightfulness of י׳: contemplated in temple Ps 27:4, shewn in his favour, עָלֵינוּ…אדני וִיהִי נ׳ 90:17.

2. name of one of two symbol. staves Zc 11:7, 11:10.

3. pleasantness, as defining genit.: דַּרְכֵי־נ׳ Pr 3:17; אִמְרֵי־נ׳ 15:26, 16:24.

נָ֑עַם n. pr. m. son of Caleb, 1 Ch 4:15; LXX Νοομ, A Νααμ.

† I. נָעִים adj. pleasant, delightful (poet.);—abs. נ׳ Pr 22:18 +; cstr. נְעִים 2 S 23:1 pl. נְעִמִים Ps 16:6, נְעִימִם 2 S 1:23, נְעִימִים Pr 23:8; f. נְעִמוֹת Ps 16:11; —

1. delightful בְּחַיֵּיהֶם הַנֶּאֱהָבִים וְהַנּ׳ 2 S 1:23 (of Saul and Jonath.); of wealth, הוֹן יָקָר וְנ׳ Pr 24:4; words Pr 23:8; of acts, etc.: מַה־טּוֹב וּמַה־נּ׳ שֶׁבֶת אַחִים גַּם־יָחַָד Ps 133:1; singing praises to י׳, 135:3, 147:1; keeping wise teachings Pr 22:18; as subst. = delight יְכַלּוּ יְמֵיהֶם בַּטּוֹב וּשְׁנֵיהֶם בַּנְּעִימִים Jb 36:11 (of earthly prosperity); of spiritual delights Ps 16:6, 16:11.

2. lovely, beautiful (physically), Ct 1:16 (‖יָפֶה).—Ps 81:3, 2 S 23:1 v. II. נָעִים sub II. נעם.

† I. נַעֲמָה n. pr. f. 1. sister of Tubal Cain Gn 4:22 LXX Νοεμα, LXXL Νοεμμα. 2. Ammonitess, mother of Rehoboam 1 K 14:21 LXX Μααχαμ, A Νααμα, LXXL Ναανα = 2 Ch 12:13, LXX Νοομμα, LXXL Νααμα; also 1 K 14:31 but prob. gloss (om. LXXB, LXXL, etc.).

654

† II. נַעֲמָה n. pr. loc. city assigned to Judah in Philist. plain Jos 15:41; LXX Νωμαν, A Νωμα, LXXL Νομα.

נַעֲמִי v. infr.

נָעֳמִי n. pr. f. mother-in-law of Ruth, Ru 1:2, 1:3, 1:8 + 18 t. Ru; LXXB Νωεμειν; A Νωεμμειν 1:2, Νοεμμειν v:3, usu. Νοομει(ν); LXXL Νοομι.

† I. [נַעֲמָן] n.[m.] usu. pleasantness (so Thes amoenitas), but perh. epithet of Adonis (so Mo:Phoen. i. 227 Lag:Symm. i. 468; Semit. i. 32 who cp. red flower called شقايق النعمان [v. Lane:1578], i.e. wound of Adonis, whence ἀνεμώη; cf. Ew: Proph. i. 364 RS:Proph. vi. n. 10 and v. Lewy:Fremdwörter, 49);—only pl. נִטְעֵי נַעֲמָנִים Is 17:10 (LXX φύτευμα ἄπιστον ) perh. = Adonis-plantations, or gardens (on double pl. v. Ges:§ 124 q; and on ̓Αδώνιδος̀ κῆπΩὶ v. Rochette:Rev. Archêol. viii. 1851, 105 – 123 Daremberg et Saglio:Dict. des Antiquitês (1877), i. 73, and reff. WSmith:Dict. Antiq. (3) i. 25 Fl in Levy:NHWB iv. 229).

II. נַעֲמָן:16 n. pr. m. 1. son of Benj. Gn 46:21, LXX Νοεμ(μ)αν; = grandson of Benj. Nu 26:40, 26:40, LXX Νοεμα(νει), 1 Ch 8:4, 8:7 (so LXX Gn 46:21), LXX in Ch Νοομα, LXXL Ναμει, Νααμαν. 2. Aramaean general 2 K 5:1, 5:2, 5:6 + 8 t. 2 K 5; LXX Ναιμαν, LXXL Νεεμαν.

נַעֲמִי adj. gent. from II נַעֲמָן 1, Nu 26:40, rd. doubtless נעמני (so Sam.).

נַעֲמָתִי adj. gent. (from unused n. pr.);—חוֹפַר הַנּ׳ Jb 2:11 (LXX ὁ Μειναίων βασιλεύς), 11:1, 20:1, 42:9 (all LXX ὁ Μειναῖος); Hom:Aufsätze 48 prop. מְעוּנִי.

† [מַנְעַמִּים] n.[m.] pl. delicacies, dainities;—only sf. וּבַל־אֶלְחַם בְּמַנְעַמֵּיהֶם Ps 141:4.

II. נעם (perh. to be assumed as √ of foll., Ne:Marg. 10; Ar. نَغَمَ speak in a low, gentle voice, نَغْمَةُ note, melody; Syr. ܢܥܰܡ rugivit, ܢܶܥܡܬܳܐ gentle sound, note; NH נְלִימָה melody; Ecclus 45:9 לתת נעימה to make music; cf. Hiph. 47:9 b marg.).

† II. נָעִים adj. perh. singing, sweetly sounding, musical;—abs. כִּנּוֹר נ׳ Ps 81:3 sweetly-sounding lyre; cstr., as subst., נְעִים זְמִרוֹת יִשׂ׳ 2 S 23:1 Israel's sweet singer of songs (cf. Dr:2 S 8:10 Löhr; Vulgate egregius psaltes Israel, and so Ges Ew al., from I. נעם; joy of the songs of Isr. HPS, cf. Klo Kit).

נעץ (√ of foll.; NH נָעַץ prick, stick or thrust in, wedge in; Targum נְעַץ id.; NH נַעֲחוּץ fig. of wicked person; Targum נַעֲחוּחָא = BH).

נַעֲחוּץ n.[m.] thorn-bush (on form cf. Ba:NB 213);—abs. נ׳ Is. 55:13; pl. נַעֲחוּחִים 7:19.

† I. [נָעַר] vb. growl (NH id. cry, bray; cf. Syr. ܢܥܰܪ; Ar. نَعَرَ make a noise Lane:2815; poss. As. na&atO;’ru, cry, roar (?) Dl:HWB 439);—only Qal Pf. 3 pl. נָֽעֲרוּ כְּגוֹרֵי אֲרָיוֹת Je 51:38 (‖כַּכְּפִרִים יִשְׁאָָגוּ).

† II. [נָעַר] vb. shake, shake out or off (NH נָעַר shake, stir up, esp. Pi. Niph.; Targum נְעֹרֶת tow (v. infr.); Ar. نَغِرَ, نَغَرَ boil, be in violent commotion, be very angry);—Qal Pf. 1 S. נָעַ֫רְתִּי Ne 5:13; Pt. act. נֹעֵר Is 33:9, 33:15; pass. Ne 5:13; —shake out, to shew emptiness, חָחְנִי נ׳ Ne 5:13 (symbol.), כַּפָּיו מִתְּמֹח בַּשֹּׁחַד נ׳ Is 33:15; pt. shaken out, emptied וָרֵק נ׳ Ne 5:13 (i.e. stripped of possessions); shake off (leaves) Is 33:9 (cf. ‖ cl.). Niph. Pf. 1 S. נַנְעַ֫רְתִּי כָאַרְבֶּה Ps 109:23 I am shaken out like a locust (fr. fold of a garment; sim. of perishing helplessly); cf. Impf. 3 mpl. וְיִנָּֽעֲרוּ רְשָׁעִים מִמֶָּנָּה Jb 38:13 to seize the corners of the earth that wicked men may be shaken out of it; 1 S. אִנָּעֵר Ju 16:20 I will shake myself (free ? cf. Hithp. and GFM). Pi. Impf. 3 ms. juss. יְנַעֵר Ne 5:13 so may God shake utterly out every man from (מִן) his house, etc.; וַיְנַעֵר Ex 14:27 and י׳ shook off the Egypt. into (ב) the sea, = Pf. נִעֵר Ps 136:15 (also c. acc. + ב). Hithp. Imv. fs. הִתְנַעֲרִי מֵעָפָר Is 52:2 shake thyself (free), etc. (of personif. Zion).

† I. נַ֫עַר n.[m.] usu. interpr. as a shaking scattering, abst. for concr. = scattered ones, only Zc 11:16, but text corrupt, v. We Now.

נְעֹ֫רֶת n. f. tow (as shaken off from the flax when beaten; on form cf. Ba:NB 64);—in sim. פְּתִיל־הַנּ׳ Ju 16:9 a thread of tow (snapping from heat); נ׳ Is 1:31 (fig.; as inflammable).

III. נער (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

II. נַ֫עַר:239 n. m. 1. boy, lad, youth. 2. retainer (not in P) (NH as BH; Ph. נער Lzb:324);—נ׳ abs. Gn 37:2 +; cstr. 1 S 2:13 +; sf. נַעֲרוֹ Ju 19:3 +, נַעֲרָהּ 2 K 4:24; pl. נְעָרִים 1 S 25:5 +, cstr. נַעֲרֵי Ex 24:5 +; sf. נְעָרַי Ne 4:10, 5:10, etc.;—

1. boy, lad, youth (c. 133 t.) a. of infant Ex 2:6 (E; 3 months old), to be born Ju 13:5, 13:7, 13:8, 13:12, just born 1 S 4:21, not weaned 1 S 1:22; also Is 8:4, cf. 7:16 +. b. of lad just weaned 1 S 1:24 (del. 2nd נער, cf. further Dr Bu HPS), v:25; v:27, etc. c. = youth: of young Ishmael Gn 21:12 f. (E), Isaac 22:5, 22:12 (E), Joseph Gn 37:2 (E; 17 years old), Benj. 43:8, 44:22 f. (J), sons of Samuel 1 S 2:l7, of Jesse 1 S 16:11; קָטֹן נ׳ little lad 1 S 20:35, 1 K 3:7, 2 K 5:14, Is 11:6, קָטָן נ׳ 1 K 11:17, pl. 2 K 2:23. d. נ׳ with special stress on youthfulness Ju 8:20, 1 S 17:33, 17:42, Ho 11:1, Is 3:4 cf. Ec 10:16, Is 3:5, 10:19, Je 1:6, 1:7, 1 Ch 22:5, 29:1, 2 Ch 13:7, 34:3; so in phr. וְעַד זָקֵן מִנּ׳ Gn 19:4 (J), Jos 6:21 (J), Est 3:13 cf. Ex 10:9 (E), Dt 28:50, Is 20:4, 65:20, Je 51:22, La 2:21, Ps 37:25, 148:12, Pr 22:6. e. of marriageable age Gn 34:19 (J), warrior Absalom 2 S 18:5, 18:12 +, Zadok 1 Ch 12:28, etc.

2. servant, retainer (c. 105 t): a. = personal attendant, household servant, Nu 22:22 (J), Ju 7:10, 7:11, 19:3, 1 S 9:3 f., 2 K 4:12, 4:25 + oft. b. = retainer, follower Gn 14:24, 1 S 25:5 f., 2 S 2:14 f., 1 K 20:14 f., 2 K 19:6 = Is 37:6, Jb 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, Ne 4:10, 4:17 + oft.—Zc 11:16 is corrupt, cf. We Now.—Note. נער occurs in Pent. as Kt with Qr perpet. נַעֲרָה q. v.

655

נֹ֫עַר n. m. youth, early life (rare poet. synon. for נְעוּרִיס);—abs. נ׳ Jb 33:25 (= youthful vigour), 36:14, מִנּ׳ Pr 29:21, Ps 88:16 from youth up.

† II. נַעֲרָה n. f. girl, damsel;—abs. נ׳ Ju 19:3 + 22 t., also Qr Gn 24:14 + 20 t. Gn Dt (נַעֲרָה Kt in Pent. only Dt 22:19, v. infr.); pl. abs. נְעָרוֹת 1 S 9:11 +, cstr. נַעֲרוֹת Est 4:4; sf. נַעֲרוֹתָיו Ru 2:22, 3:2, נַעֲרֹתֶיהָ Gn 24:61, Ex 2:5, etc.;—

1. girl, damsel; קְטַנָּה נ׳ little girl only 2 K 5:2, cf. v:4, perh. = young daughters Jb 40:29; elsewh. = young woman 1 S 9:11; esp. as marriageable, Gn 24:14, 24:16, 24:28, 24:55, 24:57, 34:3, 34:12 (all J), Dt 22:15, 22:15, 22:16, 22:19, 22:20, 22:21, 22:24, 22:26, 22:26, 22:29, 1 K 1:3, 1:4, Est 2:4, 2:7, 2:8, 2:9, 2:12, 2:12, 2:13; specif. virgin בְּתוּלָה נ׳ Ju 21:12, Dt 22:23, 22:28, 1 K 1:2, Est 2:2, 2:3 (cf. Dt 22:15 b, 22:20); מְאֹרָשָׂה נ׳ betrothed girl Dt 22:25, 22:27, young widow Ru 2:6, 4:12; of a concubine Ju 19:3, 19:4, 19:5, 19:6, 19:8, 19:9, a prostitute Am 2:7.

2. of female attendants, maids (alw. pl.), Gn 24:61 (J), Ex 2:5 (E), 1 S 25:42, Pr 9:3, 27:27, 31:15, Est 2:9, 2:9, 4:4, 4:16; gleaners Ru 2:5, 2:8, 2:22, 2:23, 3:2.—Note. נער Kt in Pent. as fem. (Qr נַעֲרָ֯) is prob. not original; it is not found in Sam. Pent., and fpl. נַעֲרֹתֶיהָ occurs Gn Ex; cf. Ges:§§ 2 n, 17 c.

נְעוּרִים n.[m.] pl. youth, early life;—abs. נ׳ Is 54:6, Ps 127:4; elsewhere sf. נְעֻרַי 1 S 12:2, נְעוּרַי Jb 31:18 +, נְעֻרֶיְ 2 S 19:8, נְעוּרֶיְ Pr 5:18 +, נְעוּרַיִח Je 2:2 +, נְעוּרָָיְכִי Ps 103:5, נְעוּרֵיהֶן Ez 23:3, etc.;—youth, early life, esp. in phr. מִנּ׳ from one's youth up Gn 8:21 (J), 1 S 17:33, 1 K 18:12, Je 3:24, Zc 13:5, Jb 31:18 (extreme youth; ‖מִבֶּטֶן אִמִּי); fig. of Babylon Is 47:12, 47:15, Moab Je 48:11, Judah 22:21 cf. Ps 71:5, 71:17, 129:1, 129:2; וְעַד־עַתָּה מִנּ׳ Gn 46:34 (J), 2 S 19:8, Ez 4:14; וְעַד־הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה מִנּ׳ 1 S 12:2, Je 3:25; as time in or during which Lv 22:13 (H), Nu 30:4, 30:17 (P), La 3:27, Ps 144:12, fig. of Judah and Sam., personif., Ez 23:2, 23:8; cf. יְמֵי נ׳ (in fig. of Isr.) Ho 2:17 (‖יוֹם עֲלוֹתָהּ מֵאֶרֶץ מִחְרָָיִם), Ez 16:22, 16:43, 16:60, 23:19; other phr. are: אַלּוּף נ׳ Je 3:4 friend of my youth, cf. Pr 2:17, עֲוֹנוֹת נ׳ Jb 13:26, חַטּאֹות נ׳ Ps 25:7, חֶסֶד נ׳ Je 2:2, חֶרְפַּת נ׳ 31:19, זִמַּת נ׳ Ez 23:21, שְׁדֵי נ׳ v:21, בַּעַל נ׳ Jo 1:8, and esp. אֵשֶׁת נ׳ Pr 5:18, Mal 2:14, 2:15, Is 54:6 (fig.); בְּנֵי נ׳ Ps 127:4 sons of (a man's) youth; = youthful vigour Ps 103:5.

† [נְעוּרוֹת] n.[f.] pl. id.;—only מִנְּעֻרֹתֵיהֶם Je 32:30 (fig. of nation).

† II. [נַעֲרָה] n. pr. loc. on border of Ephr.:—only c. ה loc., נַעֲרָ֫תָה Jos 16:7 (LXX αἱ Κῶμαι αὐτῶν; LXXL id. + Αναραθα); appar. = נַעֲרָן, q. v. infr.; Νοοραθ lay 5 Rom. miles fr. Jericho Lag:Onom. 283:11 cf. Buhl:Geogr. 181.

† III. נַעֲרָה n. pr. f. in Judah 1 Ch 4:5, 4:6, 4:6; LXX Θωαδα, A Νοορα, LXXL Νοερα.

נַעֲרַי n. pr. m. one of David's heroes, נ׳ בֶּן־אֶזְכָָּי 1 Ch 11:37; LXX Νααραι, A Νοορα, LXXL Ναραι (= פַּעֲרַי הָאַרְבִּי 2 S 23:35).

נְעַרְיָה n. pr. m. 1. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:22, 3:23, LXX Νωαδεια, LXXL Νεαριου. 2. a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:42; LXX id., LXXL Νααριας (cf. Sinait. n. pr. נערת Cook:82).

נַעֲרָן n. pr. loc. in E of Ephr., 1 Ch 7:28 (LXX Νααρναν, A Νααραν, LXXL Νοαραν), appar. = [נַעֲרָה] q. v.

נֹף v. מֹף. p. 592

נֶ֫פֶג n. pr. m 1. a Levite Ex 6:21 (P), LXX Ναφεκ, F Ναφεγ. 2. a son of David 2 S 5:15 (LXX id., LXXL Ναφεθ), 1 Ch 3:7 (LXX Ναφαθ, A Ναφεγ, LXXL Νεεγ), 14:6 (LXX id., א Ναφατ, A Ναφαγ, LXXL Ναφεκ).

I, II. נָפָה v. I, II. נוף. p. 632

נְפוּסִים, נפושׁסים v. נפיסים infr.

† [נָפַח] vb. breathe, blow (כור נפוח Ecclus 43:4 a furnace blown upon (heated hot); NH נָפַח id., Targum נְפַח, Syr. ܢܦܰܚ; As. napâḫu, inflame, nappaḫu, smith Dl:HWB 474; Ar. (نَفَحَ and) نَفَخَ blow; Eth. nafx: or nafh.a: Di:712);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. נָֽפְחָה Je 15:9; וְנָפַ֫חְתִּי Hg 1:9; וְנָפַחְתִּ֫י Ez 22:21; Impf. וַיִּפַּח Gn 2:7; Imv. fs. פְּחִי Ez 37:9; Inf. פַ֫חַת(לָ) Ez 22:20; Pf. act. נֹפֵחַ Is 54:16; pass. נָפוּחַ Je 1:13, Jb 41:12; —breathe, blow, וַיִּפַּח בְּאַפּוֹ נִשְׁמַת חַיִּים Gn 2:7 (J); sq. ב also Ez 37:9, Is 54:16 and Hg 1:9 blow into it (to scatter it); sq. עַל־: לָפַחַת עָלָיו אֵשׁ Ez 22:20 to blow fire upon it (ore, for melting), so fig. Ez 22:21 and I will blow upon you with (ב) the fire of my wrath; נַפְשָׁהּ נ׳ Je 15:9 she hath breathed out her life (of a mother, cf. Hiph.); abs. סִיר נָפוּחַ Je 1:13 a blown (i.e. well-heated, boiling) pot, cf. דּוּד נ׳ Jb 41:12 (sim.). Pu. Pf. אֵשׁ לאֹ נֻפָָּח Jb 20:26 a fire not blown (by any human breath). So perh. also Nu 21:30 (reading עַד־נֻפַּח אֵשׁ וגו׳ until fire was blown [hot] as far as Medeba), cf. Di. Hiph. Pf. 1 S. נֶפֶשׁ בְּעָלֶיהָ חִפָָּחְתִּי Jb 31:39 (or if) the life of its (the land's) owners I have caused them to breathe out; וְהִפַּחְתֶּם אוֹתוֹ Mal 1:13 and ye have sniffed at it (in contempt).

656

נֹ֫פַח appar. n. pr. loc. Nu 21:30 (= נֹבַח ?) perhaps נֻפַּח (LXX προσεξέκαυσαν), v. נפח Pu.

† [מַפָּח] n. [m.] breathing out;—only cstr. מַפַּח נֶפֶשׁ Jb 11:20 a breathing out of life = expiring (cf. נפח Jb 31:39, Je 15:9).

מַפֻּחַ n. m. bellows;—נָחַר מ׳ Je 6:29 (fig. of vain prophetic labour).

† I. תַּפּוּחַ n. [m.] apple-tree, apple (from aromatic scent (breath), Thes Lag:BN 111, 129 Post (v. infr.); Ar. تُفَّاحُ is loan-wd. Frä: 140; on meaning apple v. Löw:No. 109 RS:JPh xiii. 65 f. Post:Hast. Dict. Bib. ‘ Apple ’)—

1. sg. תַּפּוּחַ apple-tree Jo 1:12, Ct 2:3, 8:5.

2. pl. תַּפּוּחִים apples Ct 2:5, רֵיחַ אַפֵּךְ כַּתּ׳ 7:9; תַּפּוּחֵי זָהָב Pr 25:4 (in sim.).

† II. תַּפֻּחַ n. pr. m. son of Hebron, acc. to 1 Ch 2:43; LXX Θαπους, A Θαφφου, LXXL Φεθρουθ.

† III. תַּפּוּחַ n. pr. loc. 1. in lowland of Judah Jos 12:17 (LXX Ταφουτ, A Θαφφου, LXXL Θαπφου), 15:34 (LXX Ιλουλωθ, LXXL Θαφφουα). 2. on border between Ephraim and Manasseh Jos 16:8 (LXX Ταφου, LXXL Θαπφουε), 17:8, 17:8 (LXX Θαφεθ, A Θαφθωθ, LXXL Θαφωθ), = עֵין ת׳ v:7 (LXX Θαφθωθ, LXXL Ναφθωθ); so read also perh. 2 K 15:16 (for MT תִּפְסַח; LXXL Th Kmp:Kau Benz; LXX Θερσα, A Θαιρα, but LXXL τὴν Ταφωε). On locality v. Buhl:Geogr. 178.—Vid. also בֵּית תַּפּוּחַ.

נפיסים n. pr. Kt, in phr. בְּנֵי נ׳ Ezr 2:50, Qr נְפוּסִים, of family of returned exiles; LXX Ναφεισων, A Νεφουσειμ, LXXL Νεφωσειμ; = נפושׁסים Ne 7:52 Kt, Qr נְפִישְׁסִים, LXX Νεφωσασει, etc., LXXL Νεφουσειμ;—Kt Ezr and Qr Ne, respectively, are prob. to be preferred (cf. נָפִישׁ sub נפשׁ), but Ne has mixture of two variants, נפיסים, נפישׁים.

נְפִישְׁסִים v. foregoing.

נֹ֫פֶךְ n.[m.] a precious stone which Tyre gained by trade Ez 27:16 (where נ׳ doubted by Berthol, queried by Toy: Hpt), cf. 28:13 (symbol. of wealth and honour of king of Tyre); in high priest's breastplate Ex 28:18, 39:11. Perh. = ruby or carbuncle LXX Joseph. ἄνθραξ, Vulgate carbunculus, cf. Di:Ex Kau:Ex Sgfr:Ezek Co Berthol; Targum AV emerald.

נָפַל:433 vb. fall, lie (NH = BH, Targum נְפַל, Syr. ܢܦܰܠ; cf. also Ar. نَفَلَ dedit praedam (Nö:ZMG xl (1886), 725 Frä:153 f.), Min. נפל remove Hom:Sudar. Chrest. 128);—Qal:366 Pf. נ׳ Ju 5:27 +, 3 fs. נָֽפְלָה Gn 15:12 +, etc.; Impf. יִפֹּל 1 S 14:45 +, וַיִּפֹּל Ju 4:16 +; 1 S. אֶפֹּל 1 Ch 21:13 (needless change fr. 1 pl. נִפְּלָה2 S 24:14 We Dr); 3 mpl. יִפְּלוּ Ho 7:16 +, יִפָֹּלוּ Is 3:25 +, 3 fpl. תִּפֹּ֫לְנָה Ez 13:11, 30:25, etc.; Imv. mpl. נִפְלוּ Ho 10:8, Je 25:27; Inf. abs. נָפוֹל Est 6:13; cstr. נְפֹל Is 30:25 +; לִנְפֹּל Je 51:49 +; sf. נָפְלוֹ 1 S 29:3, נִפְלוֹ 2 S 1:10, נִפְלָם Je 49:21 (on these forms cf. Ba:NB 104); Pt. נֹפֵל Ju 4:22 +; f. נֹפֶ֫לֶת Gn 15:12 +; pl. נֹפְלִים Jos 8:25 + (ins. also 1 S 28:19 b LXX Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; Klo כֹּרְעִים), etc.;—

1. fall, by accident, ־שָׁ֫מָּהוְנ׳ Ex 21:33 (E) and there fall into it (a pit) an ox or an ass, cf. Dt 22:4 (בַּדֶּרֶח, on the way), bird עַל־פַּח Am 3:5; subj. pers., 1 S 4:18 (fr. seat, מֵעַל), Dt 22:8, 22:8 (fr. roof, מִן); oft. into (ב) pit (usu. fig.) Pr 26:27, 28:10, also (abs.), 22:14, Ec 10:8, Ps 7:16, 57:7 (בְּתוֹח), cf. 35:8, 141:10 (net), also, c. אֶל, Is 24:18 = Je 48:44; fall בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ez 27:27 (of Tyrian people); abs. 2 S 4:4, Gn 14:10, Je 25:27; opp. קוּם Je 8:4 cf. Ec 4:10, 4:10; c. אָחוֹר fall backward Gn 49:17 (poem); c. בְּעַד through 2 K 1:2 cf. (of locusts) Jo 2:8; † עַל־חֶרֶב נ׳ causing death 1 S 31:4, 31:5 = 1 Ch 10:4, 10:5; † עַל־פָּנָיו אַ֫רְחָה נ׳ 1 S 17:49 (Goliath); subj. rei, 2 K 2:13, 2:14 (מֵעַל), 6:5 (אֶל־ into water), v:6 (abs.); c. עַל Lv 11:32, 11:35, 11:37, 11:38, אֶל־ v:33; abs. of tent Ju 7:13 + v:13 (gloss, GFM, Bu); of wall Jos 6:5 (JE), Je 51:44, fig. Ez 13:11 (del. LXX SyrVer Sm Co Berthol), v:12; v:14, לְאֶרֶץ Ez 38:20; + תַּחְתֶּיהָ i.e. flat Jos 6:20; נ׳ of bricks Is 9:9 (in fig.), פֶּרֶץ 30:13, towes v:25, foundations Je 50:15; wall fell upon (על) 1 K 20:30, so of house Ju 16:30, Jb 1:19, mts. Ho 10:8; mt. also abs. Jb 14:18 (cf. נָבֵל), height Ez 38:20; tree Ec 11:3, 11:3 (ב loc.), cf. Is 10:34 (בְ instr., in fig.), Zc 11:2 (abs.); branches Ez 31:12 (fig.); a grain Am 9:9 (אֶרֶץ = to earth); of dew 2 S 17:12 (c. על), hailstones Ez 13:11; blood (אַ֫רְחָה) 1 S 26:20; † hair of head (ארחה) 1 S 14:45, 2 S 14:11, 1 K 1:52; horns of altar Am 3:14 (לָאָרֶץ); peg Is 22:25; fruit עַל־פֶּה Na 3:12; crown La 5:16; arm from (מִן) shoulder Jb 31:22; of sword (appar.) 2 S 20:8 (but on text v. Comm.); † fire from heaven, abs. 1 K 18:38 c. מִן Jb 1:16 †; † hand of י׳ Ez 8:1 (c. עַל־; but rd. וַתְּהִי LXX Co Berthol); spirit of י׳ Ez 11:5 (עַל־); of lot (גּוֹרָל) Ez 24:6, Jon 1:7 (both c. עַל), 1 Ch 26:14 (c. לְ; ‖יָחָא), + Est 3:7 LXX Ry Wild (עַל); cf. Hiph. 3; hence (of share, inheritance) fall, be allotted, to (לְ) Ju 18:1 (ב = as: בְּ 17 c; so Nu 34:2, Ez 47:14), Ps 16:6, abs. Jos 17:5.—On Ez 47:22 b v. Hiph. 3.

2. a. Esp. of violent death (c. 96 t.), Ju 5:27, 5:27, 5:27 (+ שָׁדוּד), 1 S 4:10, 14:13, 2 S 11:17, 21:9, 1 K 22:20 = 2 Ch 18:9, etc.; + וַיָּמָת, etc.; 2 S 1:4, 2:23, 2:23; חָלָל נ׳ fall pierced (fatally) Ju 9:40, 1 S 17:52, 31:1 = 1 Ch 10:1 +; חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ez 35:8; cf. בְּתוֹח חֲלָלִים 32:20; תַּחַת הֲרוּגִים נ׳ Is 10:4; פְּגָרִים נ׳ corpses fall Je 9:21, Nu 14:29 (P), v:32 (JE); by the sword, בַּחֶרֶב Am 7:17, Ho 7:16, 14:1, Is 3:25, 2 S 1:12, Ez 5:12, 6:11, Nu 14:3, 14:43 (JE), (+ בָּרָעָב, בַּדֶּבֶר), etc.; לְפִי חֶרֶב נ׳Jos 8:24 (JE), Ju 4:16 †; בְּיַד by the hand of2 S 21:22, 24:14, 24:14 = 1 Ch 21:13, 21:13, 1 Ch 5:10, 20:8 †; תַּחַת רגליִ נ׳ fall under my feet 2 S 22:39 = Ps 18:39. b. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc. (c. 30 t.); Am 5:2, 8:14 +; oft. ‖כָּשַׁל Is 3:8, 8:15 (+ other words), 31:3, Je 8:12, 46:12, 50:32, Ps 27:2, Pr 24:17; ‖כָּרַע Ps 20:9; fig. of earth Is 24:20 (opp. קוּם), Haman falls before (לִפְנֵי) Mordecai Est 6:13, 6:13; cf. Is 14:12 (abs.); peculiar to Pr are בְּרִשְׁעָה נ׳ Pr 11:5, בְּרַע 13:17, בְּרָעָה 17:20, 28:14. c. fig. = experience calamity Mi 7:8 (opp. קוּם), Ps 37:34, 145:14, Pr 24:16. d. fall, of a city Je 51:8 (‖וַתִּשָּׁבֵר).

3. a. Fall prostrate, Ju 19:26, 19:27, + אַ֫רְחָה Jb 1:20; fall at full length (in a faint) וַיִּפֹּל מְלאֹ־ קוֹמָתוֹ 1 S 28:20; sink down Nu 24:4, 24:16 (JE; supernat. influence); of arms of Pharaoh Ez 30:25 (opp. חָזַק). b. fall = prostrate oneself before (לִפְנֵי) man Gn 50:18 (E), 2 S 19:19, Gn 44:14 (J; + אַ֫רְחָה); before י׳ 2 Ch 20:18; אֶל־פָּנָיו אַ֫רְחָה נ׳ before י׳ or his representative Jos 5:14, 7:6 (both JE); also (ארחה om.) Ez 43:3, 44:4; before man 2 S 14:22; more oft. עַל־פָּנָיו נ׳, before man 2 S 9:6, 1 K 18:7, 18:39, Ru 2:10, before י׳ Gn 17:3, 17:17 + 6 t. P, Ez 3:23, 9:8, 11:13, 1 Ch 21:16, Dn 8:17; + אַ֫רְפָה, before man 2 S 14:4, before י׳ Ju 13:20; לְאַפָּיו אַ֫רְחָה 1 S 20:41, לְאַפֵּי דָוִד עַל־פָּנֶיהָ 1 S 25:23, ארחה נ׳ 2 S 1:2 (all before man); עַל־רַגְלָיו נ׳ fall at one's feet 1 S 25:24, 2 K 4:37, לִפְנֵי ר׳ Est 8:3. Vid. syn. sub קדד. c. fall upon (עַל) one's neck, in embrace Gn 33:4, 46:29 (both J), 45:14 (E), עַל־פְּנֵי אָבִיו 50:1 (J).

4. a. Fall upon (עַל) = attack Je 48:32 (fig.), cf. Is 16:9; c. בְּ Jos 11:7 (D), abs. Jb 1:15; אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ נ׳ Je 46:16. b.desert or fall away to, go over to, c. עַל־ 2 K 25:11, 25:11 = Je 52; 15, 52:15, Je 21:9, 37:14, 39:9, 1 Ch 12:20, 12:21, 12:21 (van d. H. v:19, v:20, v:20), 2 Ch 15:9, c. אֶל־ 2 K 7:4, Je 37:13, 38:19, abs. 1 S 29:3, Je 39:9. c. בְּיַד נ׳ fall into the hand (power) of Ju 15:18, La 1:7:—cf. also 2. a. supr.

5. † Fig., of deep sleep, c. עַל Gn 15:12, (J), 1 S 26:12, Jb 4:13, 33:15; face, countenance (in displeasure) Gn 4:5, 4:6 (J); לֵב אָדָם עָלָיו נ׳ 1 S 17:32 (of sinking heart); וַיִּפְּלוּ בְעֵינֵיהֶם) Ne 6:16 and they were cast down in their (own) eyes (cf. Be-Ry, Ryle); † of calamity sq. עַל־ Is 47:11 Ec 9:12; terror, etc., sq. עַל־ Gn 15:12 (J), Jos 2:9 (JE), Ex 15:16 (song), 1 S 11:7, Jb 13:11, Ps 55:5, 105:38, Est 8:17, 9:2, 9:3, Dn 10:7; reproach, sq. עַל־ Ps 69:10; † = fail to be accomplished Jos 21:43, 23:14, 23:14 (all D), 1 K 8:56, 2 K 10:10 (+ אַ֫רְחָה); = not to be reckoned Nu 6:12 (P); † of word (דָּבָר) falling into (ב) Isr. Is 9:7; † = fall out, turn out, result Ru 3:18 (subj. דָּבָר).

6. Other idiomatic uses are: לְמִשְׁכָּב נ׳ take to one's bed Ex 21:18 (E); settle Gn 25:18 (J); = alight quickly, מֵעַל הַגָּמָל Gn 24:64 (J), מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה 2 K 5:21; waste away Nu 5:21, 5:22, 5:27; = be born Is 26:18 (cf. Hiph. v:19); = be offered, of supplication (לִפְנֵי י׳) Je 36:7, 37:20, 42:2 (cf. Hiph. 6); c. מִן = be inferior to Jb 12:3, 13:2. †

7. = lie, of Midianites, etc. (like locusts; ב loc.) Ju 9:12; = lie prostrate, 1 S 19:24; usu. pt. Jos 7:10 (JE; עַל־פָּנֶיְ), 1 S 5:3, 5:4 (לְפָנָיו), Am 9:11, עַל־הַמִּטָּה Est 7:8; of the dead 1 S 31:8 = 1 Ch 10:8, Dt 21:1, Ez 32:27 (Co conj. נְפִילִים [cf. Gn 6:4], v. also Berthol Toy:Hpt); נֹפֵל אַ֫רְחָה מֵת Ju 3:25 cf. 4:22 (om. ארחה); אַ֫רְחָה פְּגָרִים נ׳ 2 Ch 20:24; cf. also Ez 32:22, 32:23, 32:24 (del. in v:22 Hi Co Berthol, in v:23 Toy:Hpt). Hiph. Pf. הִפִּיל 1 S 3:19 +; 2 ms. sf. הִפַּלְתָּם Ps 73:18; 3 pl. הִפִּילוּ Ju 2:19 +; 1 pl. הִפַּלְנוּ Ne 10:35, etc.; Impf. יַפִּיל Ex 21:27, וַיַּפֵּל Gn 2:21 +, sf. יַפִּלֵם Ps 140:11; 3 mpl. יַפִּילוּ 2 K 3:25, Ps 22:19, יַפִּילָוּן Jb 29:24, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַפִּלֶהָ Jos 13:6; mpl. הַפִּילוּ 1 S 14:42; Inf. cstr. לְהַפִּיל 1 S 18:25 +; לַנְפִּל Nu 5:22 rd. לִנְפֹּל (Di Ol:§ 78 c Sta:§ 114 a, 2 Kö:i. 309 Ges:§ 66, 2 R 1); Pt. מַפִּיל 2 K 6:5 + 2 t., pl. מַפִּילִים Dn 9:18; —1. cause to fall, c. acc., lit.: a. fell tree 2 K 3:19, 3:25 cf. 6:5. b. throw down wall 2 S 20:15. c. knock out tooth Ex 21:27 (E). d. lay prostrate Dn 25:2 (for bastinado). e. cast (cedar pillars) into (עַל־) fire Je 22:7; so (c. ב), wicked men Ps 140:11. f. make sword drop from (מִן) hand Ez 30:22 (fig.), cf. 39:3. g. cause stone to fall עַל Nu 35:23, flesh Ps 78:28 (בְּקֶרֶב), stars Dn 8:10 (in vision). 2. Of causing death בַּחֶרֶב 2 K 19:7 = Is 37:7, Je 19:7, Ez 32:12 (all י׳ subj.), 2 Ch 32:21 (human subj.); בְּיַד 1 S 18:25; + חֲלָלִים Ez 6:4, Pr 7:26; also Ps 106:26, Dn 11:12 = overthrow, bring to destruction, Ps 37:14, 73:18 (c. ל), 106:27. 3. Esp. of casting lot (גּוֹרָל), Is 34:17 (c. לְ for), Ne 10:35 (c. עַל + inf.), 11:1 (c. inf.), 1 Ch 26:14 (c. לְ; so rd. Kit:Hpt cf. LXX Vulgate Be Öt), Ps 22:19 (c. עַל), Est 9:24 (c. inf.); abs. Jon 1:7, 1:7, 1 Ch 24:31, 25:8, 26:13, Est 3:7; + בְּתוֹכֵנוּ Pr 1:14 (i.e. share with us); om. גּוֹרָל 1 S 14:32 (c. בֵּין), Jb 6:27 (c. עַל); hence הִפּ׳ = assign, apportion, by lot, usu. c. לְ pers., Jos 13:6, 23:4 (both D), Ez 45:1, 47:22 a = v:22 b (rd. יַפִּילוּ Vulgate Targum Hi-Sm Co Berthol), 48:29 (read בְנַחֲלָה for מנ׳ LXX Vulgate Hi-Sm, etc.), Ps 78:55 (cf. Qal 1 end; and בְּ 17 c). 4. Fig., let drop, cause to fail (cf Qal 5), Ju 2:19, Est 6:10, + אַ֫רְחָה 1 S 3:19. 5. Cause deep sleep to fall (עַל־) Gn 2:21 (J), Pr 19:15 (abs.), make countenance fall, look displeased at (ב), Je 3:12, cf. Jb 29:24 (obj. אוֹר פָּנַי); cause terror, etc., to fall (עַל־) Je 15:8. 6. Other idioms are: bring to life (prop. drop young) Is 26:19 (fig.); present supplication Je 38:26, 42:9 Dn 9:18, 9:20 (all c. לִפְנֵי);—on both cf. Qal 6. Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself, 1. Inf. cstr. הִתְנַפֵּל throw himself upon (על) Gn 43:18 (J; i.e. attack). 2. Pf. 1 S. הִתְנַפָָּלְתִּי Dt 9:25; Impf. 1 S. וָאֶתְנַפַּל Dt 9:18, 9:25; Pt. מִתְנַפֵּל Ezr 10:1; —prostrate oneself and lie prostrate, לִפְנֵי י׳.—Pilïel. וְנִפְלַל Ez 28:23, rd. וְנָפַל Hi-Sm Co Berthol.

658

נֵ֫פֶל n. m.:Jb 3:16 untimely birth, abortion;—נֵ֫פֶל abs. Jb 3:16 (Baer, Ginsb., > van d. H. נֶפֶל), נָ֑פֶל Ec 6:3; cstr. נֵפֶל אֵשֶׁת Ps 58:9.

† [מַפָּל] n. m.:Jb 41:15 refuse, hanging parts;—

1. fallings, refuse, cstr. מַפַּל בַּר Am 8:6 the refuse of wheat.

2. pl. cstr. מַפְּלֵי בְשָׂרוֹ Jb 41:15 the hanging (falling, drooping) parts of his flesh (of crocodile).

מַפָּלָה n. f. a ruin;—abs. מ׳ of city Is 17:1.

מַפֵּלָה n. f. id.;—abs. מ׳ of city Is 23:13, 25:2.

מַפֶּ֫לֶת n. f. carcass, ruin, overthrow;—

1. carcass, of lion, מ׳ cstr. Ju 14:8.

2. elsewh. sf. a. a ruin, מַפַּלְתּוֹ Ez 31:13 (kg. under fig. of tree). b. overthrow, id. v:16 (same fig.); מַפַּלְתְֶָּ (kg.) 32:10; מַפַּלְתֵּח of Tyre) 26:15, 26:18, 27:27; מַפַּלְתָּם (of wicked) Pr 29:16.

נְפִלִים n. m. pl. giants, acc. to LXX γίγαντες so SyrVer Vulgate; הַנְּפִלִים Gn 6:4 (J), הַנְּפִילִים בְּנֵי עֲנָק מִן־הַנְּפִלִים Nu 13:33 (JE); LXX om. בְּנֵי וגו׳, and so Di; these words perhaps doublet, but already in Sam., also Vulgate (etym. dub.; cf. Aram. נִיפְלָא, נְפִילָא Orion; conject. v. in Thes Di:ad loc.; Tuch Kn Len:Or. i. 344, Eng. Tr. 345 f.; Che:Hbr. iii (1887), 175, 176; all very precarious).

† I. [נָפַץ] vb. shatter (NH id., dash, beat; As. napâṣu, shatter, destroy Dl:HWB 475; Targum נְפַע Pa. shatter, but also נְפַץ Pa., id., Syr. ܢܦܰܨ shake, break, so Mand., Nö:M. 240, and ZMG xxxii (1878), 406);—Qal Inf. abs. וְנָפוֹץ c. acc. Ju 7:19 and a shattering (= and shattered) the jars; Pt. pass. עֶחֶב נִבְזֶה נָפוּץ Je 22:28 (fig.) a vessel to be despised (and) shattered (cf. Ew Gie Rothstein:Kau); also Pt. act. נֹפֵץ shatterer of the holy people Dn 12:7 (Bev Marti:Kau, rdg. כִּכְלוֹת יַד נֹפֵץ). Pi. dash to pieces: Pf. 3 ms. וְנִפֵּץ consec. Ps 137:9 c. acc. infants ag. (אֶל) rock; 1 S. וְנִפַּחְתִּ֫י of י׳ dashing all in pieces with (ב) Babyl. as war-club Je 51:20, 51:21, 51:21, 51:22, 51:22, 51:22, 51:23, 51:23, 51:23, sf. וְנִפַּחְתִּים אִישׁ אֶל־אָחִיו 13:14; Impf. 2 ms. sf. כִּכְלִי יוֹחֵר תְּנַפְּחֵם Ps 2:9 (i.e. nations); 3 mpl. נִבְלֵיהֶם יְנַפֵָּחוּ Je 48:12 (symbol. of destroying Moab); Inf. נַפֵּץ יַד־עַם־קֹדֶשׁ Dn 12:7 when (they) finish shattering the hand (fig. for power) of the holy people, but rd. poss. נֹפֵץ, v. Qal. Pu. Pt. fpl. מְנֻפָּחוֹת Is 27:9 like chalk-stones pulverized.

נֶ֫פֶץ n.[m.] driving storm (lit. bursting of clouds, Che:Comm.), וָזֶרֶם וְאֶבֶן בָּרָד נ׳ Is 3:30 (theoph.).

† [מַפָּץ] n.[m.] shattering;—כְּלִי מַפָּחוֹ Ez 9:2 with his shattering-weapon in his hand.

659

מַפֵּץ n. m. war-club (lit. a shatterer);—מַפֵּץ־אַתָּה לִי Je 51:20 a war-club art thou to me (י׳ addressing Babylon, cf. Gf Gie).

† II. נָפַץ vb. disperse, be scattered (oft. taken as secondary √ fr. Niph. of פוץ, yet cf. NH נפץ, Qal (Pt.), Pi., scatter; Syr. ܢܦܨ pour out, throw down, Targum נְפַץ; Ar. نَفَصَ shake (irreg. correspondence of sibilants cf. Nö:l. c.), Eth. nafas’a: dissipari, aufugere Di 713);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. הָעָם מֵעָלַי נ׳ 1 S 13:11 the people were scattered from me; 3 fs. נָֽפְחָה כָל־הָאָרֶץ Gn 9:19 (J) thence dispersed all (the population of) the earth; 3 pl. נָֽמְחוּ גּוֹיִם Is 33:3 nations were scattered; Pt. pass. fpl. cstr. נְפֻחוֹת יְהוּדָה Is 11:12 the dispersed of Judah he shall collect (‖נִדְחֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל).

נפשׁ (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. نَفْسُ soul, life, person, living being, blood, desire, نَفَسُ breath, sweet odour, نَفُسَ be high in estimation, become avaricious; III. desire a thing, aspire to it, v. breathe, sigh. As. napâšu, get breath, be broad, extended; napištu, life, less frequently soul, living being, person. Vbs. appar. denom.; nouns in all Semitic languages: Ph. נפש, CIS:i. 86 B 5, Eth. nafs:; in the foll. = both soul, person, and tombstone, monument (as representing person, v. esp. Duval:Rev. Sêmit. ii (l894), 259 ff.): NH נפשׁ v. Levy:ZMG xii (1858), 215; O Aram. נפש, Nab. Palm. נפש, v. Lzb:325 Cook:82; Syr. ܢܶܦܫܳܐ, v. 1 Macc 13:27, 13:28; Sab. נפס Levy-Os:ZMG xix (1865), 255. 290 Mordtm:ib, xxxii (1878), 202 cf. Liḥyan., DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 67, Min. Hom:Südarab. Chrest. 128).

נֶ֫פֶשׁ:756 n. f.:Gn 49:6 (so even Gn 2:19, Nu 31:28, 1 K 19:2 v. Albrecht:ZAW xvi (1896), 42 SS) soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion (Ecclus 3:18, 4:1, 4:1, 4:2, 4:2, 13:12, 14:11);—נ׳ Gn 1:20 +; נָ֑פֶשׁ Gn 37:21 +; sf. נַפְשִׁי Gn 12:13 +; pl. נְפָשׁוֹת Ez 13:18 + 13 t.; נְפָשֹׁת Ex 12:4, Lv 27:2; cstr. נַפְשׁוֹת Gn 36:6 + 4 t.; נַפְשֹׁת Lv 21:11; נְפָשִׁים Ez 13:20 (but rd. חָפְשִׁים, v. Co Berthol Toy); sf. נַפְשׁוֹתָם 2 S 23:17 +; נַפְשֹׁתָם Nu 17:3 +:—

1. = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being = ψυχή, anima, the soul, the inner being of man: a. disting. fr. בָּשָׂר: מִנֶּפֶשׁ וְעַד בָּשָׂר Is 10:18; הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר Dt 12:23; fr. שְׁאֵר Pr 11:17; fr. בֶּטֶן body Ps 31:10. b. both the inner נפשׁ and the outer בשׂר are conceived as resting on a common substratum: אַךְ בְּשָׂרוֹ :עָלָיו יִכְאָָב וְנַפְשׁוֹ עָלָיו תֶּאֱבָֽל Jb 14:22 only his flesh upon him is in pain, and his soul upon him mourneth; cf. Ps 42:5, 42:7, 131:2, Jb 30:16, La 3:20 [v. עַל 1 d], all poetical (cf. 6 c). c. נ׳ departs at death and returns with life: וַיְתִי בְּחֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ כִּי מֵתָה Gn 35:18 (E) and it came to pass when her soul was going forth (for she died); נָֽפְחָה נַפְשָׁהּ Je 15:9 she breathed out her soul, cf. 1 K 17:21, 17:22, Jb 11:20, 31:39. d. oft. desired that the נפשׁ may be delivered: fr. Shₑ’ôl Ps 16:10, 30:4, 49:16, 86:13, 89:49, Pr 23:14; fr. שַׁחַת, the pit of Shₑ’ôl, Is 38:17, Jb 33:18, 33:22, 33:28, 33:30.

2. The נפשׁ becomes a living being: by God's breathing נשׁמת חיים into the nostrils of its בשׂר; of man Gn 2:7 (J); by implication of animals also Gn 2:19 (J); so Ps 104:29, 104:30 cf. 66:9; man is נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה, a living, breathing being Gn 2:7 (J); elsewh. נפשׁ חיּה alw. of animals Gn 1:20, 1:24, 1:30, 9:12, 9:15, 9:16 (all P), Ez 47:9; so נפשׁ החיּה Gn 1:21, 9:10 (both P), Lv 11:10, 11:46 (H); נפשׁ השׁרחת Lv 11:46 (H); נפשׁ כל חי Jb 12:10. נפשׁ is frequently used with the verb חיה: † וחיתה נפשׁ Gn 12:13, 19:20 (both J), 1 K 20:32 (E), Ps 119:175, Je 38:17, 38:20; † חֵי נַפְשְְׁ 1 S 1:26, 17:55, 20:3, 25:26, 2 S 11:11, 14:9, 2 K 2:2, 2:4, 2:6, 4:30 (all JE); cf. † יְחַיֶּה נ׳ 1 K 20:31 (E), Ez 18:27, Ps 22:30; also Gn 19:19, Is 55:3, Pr 3:22.

3. The נפשׁ (without חיה noun or verb) is specif.: a. a living being whose life resides in the blood [so in Arab. We:Skizzen iii. 217 G. Jacob:Arab. Dicht. iv. 9 f.] (hence sacrificial use of blood, and its prohib. in other uses; first in D), Dt 12:23, 12:24 only be sure that thou eat not the blood, for the blood is the living being (הַדָּם הוּא הַנֶּפֶשׁ); and thou shalt not eat the living being with the flesh (הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר); thou shalt pour it upon the earth as water; this is enlarged in H, Lv 17:10, 17:11, 17:12, 17:14 and in P Gn 9:4, 9:5, cf. Je 2:34. b. a serious attack upon the life is an attack upon this inner living being 2 S 1:9, Je 4:10, Jon 2:6, Ps 69:2, 124:4, 124:5, Jb 27:3. c. נפשׁ is used for life itself 171 t., of animals Pr 12:10, and of man Gn 44:30 (J); נפשׁ תחת נפשׁ life for life Ex 21:23 (E), Lv 24:18 (H), 1 K 20:39, 20:42, 2 K 10:24; נפשׁנו תחתיכם Jos 2:14 (J); נפשׁ בנפשׁ Dt 19:21; בנפשׁ for the life of 2 S 14:7 Jon 1:14; שׂם נפשׁ בכף put life in one's own hand Ju 12:3, 1 S 19:5, 28:21, Jb 13:14; חרף נפשׁו למות Ju 5:18 risked his life to die;בנפשׁ at the risk of life Nu 17:3 (P), 2 S 23:17 = 1 Ch 11:19, 11:19, 1 K 2:23, Pr 7:23, La 5:9; † בקּשׁ נפשׁ Ex 4:19 (J), 1 S 20:21, 22:23, 22:23, 23:15, 25:29, 2 S 4:8, 16:11, 1 K 19:10, 19:14, Je 4:30, 11:21, 19:7, 19:9, 21:7, 22:25, 34:20, 34:21, 38:16, 44:30, 44:30, 46:26, 49:37, Ps 35:4, 38:13, 40:15, 54:5, 63:10, 70:3, 86:14, Pr 29:10; † שׁאל נ׳ 1 K 3:11 = 2 Ch 1:11, 1 K 19:4 = Jon 4:8; † הִכָּה נפשׁ smite mortally Gn 37:21 (J), Dt 19:6, 19:11, Je 40:14, 40:15; † לקח נ׳ 1 K 19:4, Jon 4:3, Ps 31:14, Pr 1:19; † הִצִּיל נֶפֶשׁ מִמָּוֶת deliver life from death Jos 2:13, Ps 33:19, 56:14; † מלּט נפשׁ1 S 19:11, 2 S 19:6, 19:6, 19:6, 19:6, 1 K 1:12, 1:12, Je 48:6, 51:6, 51:45, Ez 33:5, Am 2:14, 2:15, Ps 89:49, 116:4; † פדה נ׳ 2 S 4:9, 1 K 1:29, Ps 34:23, 49:16, 55:19, 71:23; † שׁמר נ׳ Ps 25:20, 97:10, Jb 2:6, Pr 13:3, 16:17, 19:16, 22:5.

4. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself: a. paraphrase for pers. pron. esp. in poetry and ornate discourse, 70t.; (1) נַפְשִׁי = me: אל תבא נפשׁי Gn 49:6 let me not enter (poem in J); מות ישׁרים תָּמֹת נ׳ Nu 23:10 let me die, etc. (poem); תָּמוֹת נַפְשְׁי Ju 16:30 (J); אמרה נפשׁי La 3:24 I say. (2) נַפְשְְׁ = thee: לְאֻמִּים תַּחַת נַפְשְֶָׁ Is 43:4 peoples instead of thee; אָֽמְרוּ לְנַפְשֵׁךְ 51:23. (3) נַפְשׁוֹ = he: נפשׁו בטוב תלין Psalm he will not dwell in good circumstances. (4) נַפְשֵׁנוּ = we: נַפְשֵׁנוּ כְּחִפּוֹר נִמְלְטָה מִפַּח יוֹקְשִׁים Ps 124:7. (5) נַפְשָׁם = they, them: נַפְשָׁם בַּשְּׁבִי הָלָָכָה Is 46:2 they are gone into captivity; אוי לנפשׁם Is 3:9. b. = reflexive, self, 53 t.: אסר על נפשׁ bind oneself Nu 30:3, 30:5, 30:5, 30:6, 30:7, 30:8, 30:9, 30:10, 30:11, 30:12; לְעַנֹּת נ׳ Nu 30:14 to afflict oneself . (1) נַפְשִׁי = myself: לא אדע נפשׁי Jb 9:21 I know not myself. (2) נַפְשְְׁ = thyself: שׁמר נ׳ Dt 4:9 keep thyself. (3) נַפְשׁוֹ = himself: אהב כנ׳ 1 S 18:1, 18:3, 20:17 loved as himself. (4) נַפְשָׁהּ = herself: חדּקה נ׳ Je 3:1l justified herself. (5) נַפְשָׁם = themselves: החיל נ׳ deliver themselves Is 47:14, Ez 14:14, 14:20. (6) נַפְשְׁכֶם, נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם = yourselves: אַל־תַּשִּׁאוּ נ׳ Je 37:9 deceive not yourselves, also 42:20, 44:7; ענּה נ׳ Lv 16:29, 16:31, 23:27, 23:32, Nu 29:7 (P); נשׁמרתם לנ׳ Dt 4:15 Jos 23:11 (D). (7) נַפְשׁוֹתֵינוּ = ourselves: על נ׳ Je 26:19 against ourselves. c. = person of man, individual, 144 t., first in D:2; esp. in H, P, and kindred writers: (1) c. אָדָם: אדם נ׳ Lv 24:17 opp. בהמה נ׳ 24:18 (both H), and so אדם נ׳ human persons Nu 31:35, 31:40, 31:46 (P) 1 Ch 5:21, Ez 27:13. Elsewhere without אדם: ברכה נ׳ Pr 11:25 one who blesses; רְמִיָּה נ׳ Pr 19:15 idle person; תחת נ׳ נ׳ person in place of person, Jb 16:4; כפּר על נ׳ Ex 30:15, 30:16, Nu 15:28, 31:50 (all P) Lv 17:11 (H). † (2) נפשׁ = person, any one: Dt 24:7, 27:25, Pr 28:17, Ez 18:4, 18:4, 18:4, 33:6; elsewhere only H P: Lv 2:1, 4:2, 4:27, 5:1, 5:2, 5:4, 5:15, 5:17, 5:21, 7:18, 7:20, 7:21, 7:25, 7:27, 23:29, 23:30, 23:30, Nu 5:6, 15:27, 15:30, 19:22, 31:19, 31:28, 35:11, 35:15, 35:30, 35:30, Jos 20:3, 20:9 (all P), Lv 17:10, 17:12, 17:15, 20:6, 20:6, 22:6, 22:11 (all H); נכרתה הנ׳ הַהִוא מן that person shall be cut off from: only in Gn 17:14, Ex 12:15, 12:19, 31:14, Lv 7:20, 7:21, 7:27, Nu 9:13, 15:30, 15:31, 19:13, 19:20 (all P), Lv 19:8, 22:3 (both H). † (3) נפשׁ coll. for persons, in enumerations: Dt 10:22, Jos 10:28, 10:30, 10:32, 10:35, 10:37, 10:37, 10:39, 11:11 (all D:2) Je 43:6, 52:29, 52:30, 52:30, Ez 22:25; elsewhere only Gn 12:5, 46:15, 46:18, 46:22, 46:25, 46:26, 46:26, 46:27, 46:27, Ex 1:5, 1:5, 12:16, Nu 31:35, 31:40 (all P). † (4) נְפָשׁוֹת persons Gn 36:6, Ex 12:4, 16:16, Nu 19:18 (all P), Lv 18:29, 20:25, 27:2 (all H), 2 K 12:5, Pr 11:30, 14:25, Ez 13:18, 13:18, 13:18, 13:19, 13:19, 13:20, 13:20, 17:17, 18:4, 22:27 (נפשׁים 13:20 v. supr.). † (5) נפשׁ = deceased person, sts. c. מֵת, נֶפֶשׁ מֵת Nu 6:6 (P), נַפְשֹׁת מֵת (LXX SyrVer נֶפֶשׁ) Lv 21:11 (H); usu. without מֵת, אדם(ה)נפשׁ Nu 9:6, 9:7, 19:11, 19:13 (P); or simply נפשׁ, Lv 19:28, 21:1, 22:4 (all H) Nu 5:2, 6:11, 9:10 (all P); elsewhere only Hag 2:13.

5. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)—a. hunger: רְעֵבָה נ׳ hungry soul Ps 107:9, Pr 27:7; with noun or verb of שׂבע satisfy Is 56:11, 58:10, Je 50:19, Ez 7:19, Ps 63:6, 107:9, Pr 13:25, 27:7; מתוק לנ׳ Pr 16:24 sweet to the taste. b. thirst: עֲיֵפָה נ׳ weary soul Pr 25:25, Je 31:25; כארץ עיפה נ׳ Ps 143:6; חמאה נ׳ Ps 42:3, 63:2. c. appetite in general: יַקִּיפוּ עָלָיו אֹיְבַי בנ׳ Ps 17:9 my enemies compass me about with greed; הִרְחִיבָה שְׁאוֹל נַפְשָׁהּ וּפָֽעֲרָה פִיהָ Is 5:14 Shₑ’ôl enlarged her appetite, etc., cf. Hb 2:5; Pr 23:2 בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ; Ec uses נפשׁ only in the sense of a, b, c; the נפשׁ craves, lacks, and is filled with good things: Ec 2:24, 4:8, 6:2, 6:3, 6:7, 6:9, 7:28.

6. = נ׳ seat of emotions and passions (151 t.)— a. desire: † אִוְּתָה נ׳ soul desires Dt 12:20, 14:26, 1 S 2:16, 2 S 3:21, 1 K 11:37, Jb 23:13, Pr 13:4, 21:10, Mi 7:1; תַּאֲוַת נ׳ Ps 10:3, Is 26:8; † אַוַּת נ׳ Dt 12:15; 12:20; 12:21, 18:6, 1 S 23:20, Je 2:24; so also לנפשׁ according to one's desire Dt 21:14, Ps 78:18, Je 34:16; כנפשׁ Dt 23:25; האח נפשׁנו ah, our desire Ps 35:25; בנפשׁ at one's desire Ps 105:22, Ez 16:27; יָֽחְאָה נ׳ בְדַבְּרוֹ Ct 5:6; נשׂא נ׳ lift up the soul, desire Dt 24:15, 2 S 14:14 (rd. אליהם, not אלהים), Ps 24:4, 25:1, 86:4, 143:8, Pr 19:8, Je 22:27, 44:14, Ho 4:8. † b. abhorrence, loathing: געלה נ׳ soul abhorreth Lv 26:11, 26:15, 26:30, 26:43 (H) Je 14:19; בחלה בי וגם נ׳ Zc 11:8 and their soul also fell a loathing against me. c. sorrow and distress: † מרי נ׳ bitter, gloomy, discontented of soul Ju 18:25 (E) 2 S 17:8, Jb 3:20, Pr 31:6; † מר נ׳ 1 S 22:2 cf. Jb 7:11, 10:1, Is 38:15, Ez 27:1; עָֽגְמָה נ׳ Jb 30:35 grieved; אגמי נ׳ sad of soul Is 19:10; תבכה נ׳ my soul shall weep Je 13:17; ירעה נ׳ his soul trembleth Is 15:4; חרת נ׳ distress of soul Gn 42:21 (E). † d. joy: תגיל נ׳ my soul rejoiceth Ps 35:9, Is 61:10; שׂמּח נ׳ rejoice the soul Ps 86:4; also Ps 94:19, 138:3, Pr 29:l7. † e. love: אהבה נ׳ my soul loveth Ct 1:7, 3:1, 3:2, 3:3, 3:4; יְדִדוּת נ׳ darling of my soul Je 12:7; ב׳ דבקה נ׳ his soul clave unto Gn 34:3 (J), c. אחרי Ps 63:9; חשׁקה ב׳ נ׳ soul is attached to Gn 34:8 (P). f. alienation, hatred, revenge: † מן תֵּקַע נ׳ the soul is alienated from Je 6:8, Ez 23:17, 23:18; מן נקעה נ׳ Ez 23:18, 23:22, 23:28; שְׂנֻאי נ׳ hated of soul 2 S 5:8 (Qr); שׂנאה נ׳ Ps 11:5, Is 1:14. g. other emotions and feelings: השׁיב נ׳ bring back soul La 1:11, 1:19 (i.e. revive, cf. c. שׁוּב 1 K 17:21 f.), hence fig. refresh, cheer, v:16, Ps 19:8, Pr 25:14, Ru 4:15; שׁובב נ׳ Ps 23:3; מַחְמַל נ׳ your souls' compassion Ez 24:21; קחרה נ׳ soul was impatient Nu 21:4 (E), Ju 10:16, 16:16, Zc 11:8; כי אאריך נ׳ that I should prolong my patience Jb 6:1l הגר ידעתם את־נ׳ ye know the feeling of the stranger Ex 23:9 (R:D).

7. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts + לבב (see 10); poss. also alone, owing to unconscious assimilation by late writers; but most, if not all, exx. may be otherwise explained: נפשׁי ידעת מאד Ps 139:14 my soul knoweth well (or I know well; cf. 4a); בלא לא טוב דעת נ׳ Pr 19:2 that the soul be without knowledge is not good (but RV:m desire without knowledge, cf. 6 a); דעה חכמה לנ׳ Pr 24:14 know wisdom for thy soul (or according to thy desire, cf. 6 a); אל תדמי בנ׳ Est 4:13 think not in thy soul (or in thyself, cf. 4 b); כמו שׁער בג׳ Pr 23:7 as he reckoneth in his soul (but RV in himself, cf. 4 b); מה תאמר נ׳ 1 S 20:4 (but AV RV foll. LXX ἐπιθυμεῖ = תְּאַוֶּה; v. 6 a ).

8. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.: אם ישׁ נפשׁכם (את) if it is your purpose Gn 23:8 (P) 2 K 9:15 (or if it is your desire, 6 a); בחרה נ׳ my soul chooseth Jb 7:l5; מאנה נ׳ my soul, re-fuseth Jb 6:7, Ps 77:3; חפחה נ׳ their soul delighteth in Is 66:3; רחתה נ׳ my soul delighteth in Is 42:1; (all perhaps emotional, 6 b, d, g).

9. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.: בּוֹ לאֹ־יָֽשְׁרָה נ׳ Hb 2:4 his soul is not right in him (but LXX οὐκ εὐδοκεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου ἐν αὐτῷ ̓́εὐδοκεῖ = רחתה], v.6.); נַפְשִׁי לאֹ מְטֻמָּאָה Ez 4:14 my soul hath not (or I have not, 4 a) been polluted.

10. נ׳in D, when used with לבב, is assim. to it, and shares with it the mngs. of 7, 8, 9; and so in later writers influenced by D (unless we may think that ל׳ is used of intellect, while נ׳ is used of the feelings): thus, בכל לבב ובכל נפשׁ (see לבב): c. דרשׁ Dt 4:29, 2 Ch 15:12; עשׂה Dt 26:16; אהב Dt 6:5, 13:4, 30:6; ידע Jos 23:14; עבד Dt 10:12, 11:13, Jos 22:5; שׁמע בקלו Dt 30:2; שׁוב אל Dt 30:10, 1 K 8:48 = 2 Ch 6:38, 2 K 23:25; שׁמר מחות 2 K 23:3 = 2 Ch 34:31; הלך לפני1 K 2:4; and Dt 11:18, 1 S 2:35, 1 Ch 22:19, 28:9, Je 32:41, Ps 13:8, Pr 2:10, 24:12. Note.—In three cases is generally found closer approach to supposed radical meaning breath:a. שׁמן וקטרת ישׂמח לב ומתק רעהו מעחת נפשׁ Pr 27:9. Ges (after Döderlein) renders a. מעחת נ׳ more than odorous trees, so later edds., even Buhl; but Vulgate De SS transp.) מֵעֲחַת רֵעֵהוּ וּמֶתֶק נ׳. LXX Hi Bi ומתקרעה = the soul is rent asunder by cares. In any case נפשׁis ‖לב, cf. 10. b. נַפְשׁוֹ גֶּחָלִים תְּלַהֵט Jb 41:13 his breath kindleth coals (of the crocodile).The piece is one of the latest in the book; primitive meaning hardly in such a passage; context favours ref. to passion or fury; perhaps sub 6 f, his passion or fury kindleth coals. c. בָּתֵּי הַנֶּפֶשׁ Is 3:20 perfume boxes; mng. evident from context; but not necessarily scent (breath)-boxes; may be 6 a, boxes of desire, or 5, boxes exciting the sense of smell; = smelling boxes or bottles. No sufficient evid. in BH, therefore, for meaning breath, odour.—See, for complete study of נֶפֶשׁ (all passages), Br:JBL l897,17 ff.

661

† [נָפַשׁ] vb. denom. (cf. Syr. ܢܰܦܶܫ refresh; ܐܶܬܢܦܶܫ, ܐܶܬܢܰܦܰܫ be refreshed; Eth. nafs:);—Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִנָּפֵשׁ Ex 23:12 (E) 2 S 16:14; וַיִּנָּפַָשׁ Ex 31:17 (P);—take breath, refresh oneself.

נָפִישׁ n.pr.m. son of Ishmael, acc. to Gn 25:15 (P), = 1 Ch 1:31 (LXX Ναφες, LXXL Ναφεις); = (Arab) tribe 5:19 (LXX Ναφεισαδαιων, A LXXL Ναφισαιων).

נֶ֫פֶת v. II. נוף. p. 632

נֹ֫פֶת n.m.:Pr 24:13 flowing honey, honey from the comb (Ph. נפת CIS:i.166, 8b);—נ׳ abs. Pr 5:3 + 3 t., cstr. Ps 19:11; —sweet Pr 24:13 (‖דְּבַשׁ), cf. 27:7; fig. of sweet words Pr 5:3, and perh. Ct 4:11 (Bu of kisses; ‖דְּבַשׁ, חָלָב); in full נ׳ חוּפִים Ps 19:11 honey of (the) combs (comp. with מִשְׁפְטֵי י׳; ‖דְּבַשׁ).

נֶפְתּוֹחַ v. פתח. p. 836

נַפְּתּוּלִים, נַפְתָּלִי v. פתל. p. 836

נַפְתֻּחִים n.pr.loc. Gn 10:13 = 1 Ch 1:11 (LXX Νεφθαλ(ι)ειμ, but LXXL in Ch Νεφθωσειμ; = pªtªmhï‘, the northern land, i.e. Lower Egypt, acc. to Brugsch:Hierogl, WB. Suppl. 633, and esp. Erman:ZAW x (1890), 118, 119 rdg. פתמחים. Other conj. v. Di:Gn.

I. [נֵץ] v. II. נחץ. II. נֵץ II. נחץ. p. 665

† [נָחָא] vb. = נָחָה = fly, acc. Thes Gf al.;—only Qal Inf. abs. (si vera 1.) נָחֹא תֵחֵא Je 48:9, but improb.; Targum Symm יָחֹא cf. Ol:§ 245 h Gie; > Schwally:ZAW viii (1888), l97 נָחֹה תִּצֶּה √III. נחה.

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נָחַב vb. Niph take one's stand, stand (NH נִצָּב id. (rare), הַצָּבָה n. taking a stand; Ph. (Pun.) נחב, מנחבת, מחבת monument Lzb:325; Nab. Palm. נחב set up; Zinj. id., statue, all Lzb:325 Cook:82; Palm. מחבא image, Nab. נחב id., DHM:VOJ viii (1894), 12, cf. Lzb:l.c.; perhaps As. naṣâbu Tel Am, Wkl:TA 24*b; Aram. נְחַב, ܢܨܰܒ; Ar. نَصَبَ set up, erect, nas.obun sign, mark, way-mark; Sab. נחב cippus CIS:iv. 23 Sab Denkm:95 DHM:ZMG xxx (1876), 115 f. Derenb:Jas, 1883, Aug.–Sept. 244; Min. מחב statue (= מנחב HOM:Südar. Chrest. 128);—Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִצְּבָה Ps 45:10, נִצָּ֫בָה Gn 37:7, Pr 8:2; 2 ms. וְנִצַּבְתָּ֫ Ex 7:15 + 2 t.; 3 pl. נִצְּבוּ 15:8, וְנִצְּבוּ consec. 33:8; Pt. נִצָּב Gn 24:13 +, f. נִצָּבָה Zc 11:16 נִצֶּ֫בֶת 1 S 1:26; mpl. נִצָּבִים Ex 5:20 +; fpl. נִצָּבוֹת 1 S 1:26; —

1. a. station oneself, take one's stand, for definite purpose, c. עַל loc. (by, on) Gn 24:13, 24:43, 28:13, Ex 7:15, 33:21, 34:2 (all J), Ex 17:9, 18:14 (E), Nu 23:6, 23:17 (JE); Am 7:7, 9:1, Pr 8:2; of י׳ Is 3:13 taketh his stand to plead; c. ב loc. Ex 5:20, Ps 82:1 (of God), cf. Nu 22:23, 22:31; 22:34; עִמְּכָה נ׳ 1 S 1:26; לִפְנֵי י׳ Dt 29:9; c. פֶתַח Nu 16:27 (JE), Ju 18:16, 18:17; abs. La 2:4 (on text v. Löhr). b. stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfilment of duty), c. עַל pers. (sitting or lying) Gn 45:1, 1 S 4:20, 22:6, 22:7, 22:17; לְַ־מִשְׁמַרְתַּי נ׳ Is 21:8 stand at my watchman's post (‖עֹמֵד); לִמִינְְ Ps 45:10; abs. 2 S 13:31. c. take an upright position, stand, יָקוּמוּ וְנ׳ Ex 33:8 (E; + פֶּתַח loc.), cf. Gn 37:7 (E; of sheaf); of waters, כְמוֹ־נֵד נ׳ Ex 15:8 (song).

2. be stationed = appointed over (על), 1 S 22:9, Ru 2:5, 2:6; with Samuel presiding over (על) them 1 S 19:20. Hence

3. Pt. as subst. deputy, prefect (as appointed, deputed), only 1 K 4:5, 4:7, 5:7, 5:30, 9:23, 2 Ch 8:10 (all of Sol.'s officers; so also 2 Ch 8:10 Qr, < Kt נחיב), 1 K 22:48 (of Edom).

4. stand firm, fig. כָּל־אָדָם נִצָּב Ps 39:6 every man, (even) the firm-standing, is wholly vanity (but expression strange, and text dub.); בַּשָּׁמָָיִם נ׳ 119:89 (of י׳'s word); that which stands firm Zc 11:16 (Isr. under fig. of sheep), but dub.; We GASm leave untranslated; Now prop. הַנַּחֲלָה diseased.

Hiph. Pf. הִצִּיב 1 K 16:34; 2 ms. הִצַּבְתָּ Gn 21:29, Ps 74:17; 3 mpl. הִצִּ֫יבוּ Je 5:26; Impf. יַצִּיב Jos 6:26, יַצֵּב Dt 32:8 (dub.; poet. for וַיּ׳ Ew:§ 233a Di; rhythmical shortening Ges:§ 109 k; read יַצִּב Dr Da:Synt. p. 94), וַיַּצֶּב־ 2 S 18:18; sf. וַיַּצִּיבֵ֫נוּ La 3:12 Imv. fs. הַצִּ֫יבִי Je 31:21; Inf. cstr. הַצִּיב 1 S 13:21, 1 Ch 18:3; Pt. מַצִּיב 1 S 15:12 (but rd. הִצִּיב LXX We Dr Bu Kit HPS):—1. station, set: c. acc., ewes Gn 21:28, 21:29 (E; לְבַד apart), trap Je 5:26; fig. set me before thee (לְפָנֶיְ) Ps 41:13; set me as a target La 3:12. 2. set up, erect pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gn 35:14, 35:20 (E), 2 S 18:18, + אֲשֵׁרִים 2 K 17:10; altar Gn 33:20 (E), stone-heap 2 S 18:17; monument (יַד) 1 S 15:12; city-gates (c. ב), Jos 6:26 (JE) = 1 K 16:34. 3. cause to stand erect, waters, בְּמוֹ־נֵד Ps 78:13 (cf. Qal Ex 15:8). 4. fix, establish boundary (subj. י׳) Dt 32:8, Ps 74:17, Pr 15:25; dominion (יַד) 1 Ch 18:3 (of king).—1 S 13:21 is dub.; AV sharpen, RV set; Kit ‘gerade machen’; Klo נִצַּב subst., v. infr.; cf. HPS.

Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הֻצַּב Na 2:8 it is fixed, determined (Kl Or), but very dub.; perh. n. pr., or epith., of queen, cf. We Now GASm, q. v,; Pt. סֻלָּם נֻצּב אַ֫רְחָה Gn 28:12 (E) a ladder set up on the earth; אֵלוֹן מ׳ Ju 9:6, read אֵלוֹן הַמַּצֵּבָה GFM, v. infr.—Cf. also יחב Hithp.

נִצָּב n.m. 1. haft, hilt of sword Ju 3:22 (Ar. نِصَابُ handle of knife, ‘in wh. the سِيلَان [i.e. the shank] is set’ Lane:2800). 2. prefect, deputy, v. נחב Niph. 3.

†I. נְחִיב n.m. pillar, prefect, also appar. garrison, post (Ecclus 46:18 ויבנע נחיבי חר and he subdued garrisons, posts, of the foe);—נ׳ abs. 1 K 4:19; cstr. 1 S 13:3 + 3 t.; pl. נְחִיבִים 2 S 8:6 + 2 t. + 2 Ch 8:10 Kt, נְחִבִים 2 S 8:14, 8:14; cstr. נְחִבֵי 1 S 10:5 MT, but rd. נְחִיב LXX SyrVer Vulgate Th We Dr Klo Kit Bu HPS;—

1. pillar, מֶלַח נ׳ Gn 19:26 (J).

2. prefect, deputy 1 K 4:19 (on text cf. Klo Benz), so perh. also 1 S 10:5 (HPS; pillar LXX Th Dr klo Kit), and appar. 13:3, 13:4 (> al. pillar); this mng. serves also for 2 S 8:6, 8:14, 8:14 (so Ki; Th HPS garrison) 1 Ch 11:16, 18:13, 2 Ch 8:10 (where rd. Kt), 17:2 (Kau garrison in 11:16, 17:2; Ecclus 46:18—v. supr.—would favour this meaning in other passages).

נְחִיב n.pr.loc. in Judah on border of Philist. Jos 15:43; LXX Νασειβ, A LXXL Νεσ(ε)ιβ; v. also Lag BN:95 ANM. *; mod. Beit Naṣîb, c. 8 m. NW. of Hebron Buhl:Geogr. 193

מַצָּב n.m.:1 S 13:23 standing-place, station, garrison;—מ׳ abs. 1 S 14:15, cstr. מַצַּב Jos 4:3, 4:9 + (Baer in Sm מַצָּב, cf. on 1 S 13:23, but v. Ginsb); sf. מַצָּבְֶ֫ Is 22:19; —

1. standing-place of feet Jos 4:3, 4:9 (JE).

2. station, office Is 22:19 (‖מַעֲמָד).

3. garrison, post, or outpost (of Philistines) 1 S 13:23, 14:1, 14:4, 14:6, 14:11, 14:15, 2 S 23:14; so rd. also 1 S 14:12 (for MT מַצָּבָה) LXX Th We Bu HPS.

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מֻצָּב m.[m.] palisade or intrenchment;—only Is 29:3 (of siege-works; ‖מְחֻרֹת).

מַצָּבָה n.f. אַנְשֵׁי מ׳ 1 S 14:12 v. מַצָּב.

מִצָּבָה n.f. guard, watch?—only וְחָנִיתִי לְבֵיתִי מ׳ Zc 9:8 and I encamp as watch for my house (so We Now GASm, but dub.; Kue Sta Marti:Kau GASm rd. מַצָּבָה, but this prob. non-existent, v. supr.; MT appar. intends because of a host = מִצָּבא).

מַצֵּבָה, מַצֶּ֫בֶת n.f. pillar, maṣṣēbā, stump;—abs. מַצֵּבָה Ho 3:4 +, מַצֶּ֫בֶת 2 S 18:18 a (rd. הַמּ׳ LXX Dr Bu Kit), v:18 b Is 6:13, cstr. מַצְּבַת 2 K 3:2, 10:27, מַצֶּ֫בֶת Gn 35:14, 35:20; sf. מַצַּבְתָּהּ Is 6:13; pl. abs. מַצֵּבוֹת 1 K 14:28, cstr. מַצְּבוֹת 2 K 10:26, etc.;—

1. a. pillar, as monument, personal memorial 2 S 18:18, 18:18. b. a stone, set up (שׂים,החיב ), and anointed as memorial of divine appearance Gn 28:18, 28:22, 31:13 (all E), 35:14 (J); so also 33:20 (E), where ins. מ׳, or rd. מ׳ for MT מִזְבֵּחַ (We Di Now:Arch. ii.18), set up (שׂים), הרים, חחיב in token of an agreement 31:45, 31:51, 31:52, 31:52 (all E); over grave 35:20, 35:20 c. esp. of sacred stones or pillars in connexion with altar, erected (בנה ) by Moses Ex 24:4 (E; 12 pillars), Ho 3:4, 10:1, 10:2, Is 19:19; conj. also 2 K 12:10 for MT מִזְבֵּחַ Sta:ZAW v (1885), 296 Now:Arch. l.c., but dub., v. Benz:ad loc.; (usu.+ אֲשֵׁרִים etc.): of Canaanites Ex 23:24 (E), 34:13 (J), Dt 7:5, 12:3 cf. הַבַּלְַ מ׳ 2 K 3:2, 10:26, 10:27; Tyre, עֻזֵּח מ׳, Ez 26:11, of obelisks of Heliopolis in Egypt; condemned for Isr. by Deut. code, and Deut. redaction of K: Dt 16:22, 1 K 14:23, 17:10, 18:4, 23:14, 2 Ch 14:2, 31:1; cf. Mi 5:12, Lv 26:1 (H).—On maṣṣēbā v. further Now:Arch.ii.18 f. Benz:Arch. 380 f. Dr:Dt. 16:21 f. We:Skizzen iii.99,165 RS:Sem.i.184 ff. 437.f; 2d ed. 204 ff. 456 f.; K. 50.—Ju 9:6 v. [נָחַב] Hoph. 2. stock, stump of tree Is 6:13 a (in sim.), so v:13 b (fig.; but prob. del. as gloss).

†I. [נָחָה] vb. fly (?);—only Qal Pf. 3 pl. (si vera l.) נָח֫וּ גַּם־נָ֑עוּ La 4:15 (of homeless exiles); text very dub.; rd. perh. נָ֫דוּ (cf. Gn 4:12, 4:14), so Bu; Löhr (more venturesomely) כִּי לאֹ יִמְחְאוּ מָנוֹחַ; Buhl:13 perhaps כִּי גַּם נָֽגְעוּ.

נוֹחה n.f. plumage (cf. poss. Ar. نَاصِيَةُ hair over forehead, fore-lock of horse, Lane:3033; v. also As. na-aṣ kappe);—of eagle מָלֵא הַגּ׳ Ez 17:3 (fig. of Nebuch.; + כָּנָף, אֵבֶר); also רַב נ׳ v:7 (fig. of kg. of Egypt; + כָּנָף); of ostrich נֹחָה Jb 39:13 (‖כנף, + אֶבְרָה; cf. Di Bu). Here belongs prob. also בְּנֹחָתָהּ Lv 1:16, rd. בְּנֹחָתֹה (Dr-Wh:Hpt), בנחתו (Sam), or נֹחָתוֹ (אֶת־)וְ (cf. Di), its feathers, of bird for burnt-offering; LXX σὺν τοῖς πτεροῖς, Vulgate et plumas; so AV RVm; > with its filth (i.e. of the crop) Targum Onk SyrVer Ges Kn Ke Kal Ew RV, meaning without evidence elsewhere.

†II. [נָחָה] vb. Niph. Hiph. struggle (NH id., Hithp. (Jastrow:928); Aram. נְחָא, ܢܨܳܐ quarrel; Ar. نَصَا apprehendit, arripuit aliquem antiis suis, Eth. nas’aya: vellere, evellere, are perh. denom. from نَاصِيَةُ, (v. נוֹחָה), so Thes);—Niph. recipr. struggle with each other: Impf. 3 mpl. יִנָּחוּ Ex 21:22 (E), Lv 24:10 (H), 2 S 14:6; יִנּ׳ יַחְדָּו Dt 25:11; Pt. נִצִּים Ex 2:13 (E); all of physical struggle, wrestling, and the like. Hiph. engage in a struggle against: Pf. 3 pl. הִצּוּ Nu 26:9 (עַל); Inf. cstr. sf. הַצֹּחָם v:9 (עַל); הַצּוֹתוֹ אֶת Ps 60:2 (title); only here of war, hence Klo's suggestion (cf. Buhl:13) הַכּוֹתוֹ is plausible (cf. 2 S 8:3, 8:5, 8:9).

†II. מַצָּה n.f. strife, contention;—abs. מ׳ Is 58:4, Pr 13:10, 17:19.—I. מַצָּה v. מחץ.

† [מַצּוּת] n.f. id.;—only sf. אַנְשֵׁי מַצֻּתְֶָ Is 41:12 i.e. the men who strove with thee (‖אַנְשֵׁי מִלְהַמְתְֶָּ).

†III. [נָחָה] vb. fall in ruins;—Qal Impf. 3 fpl. עָרַיִךְ תִּצֶּינָה מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב Je 4:7 thy cities shall fall in ruins (read prob. תִּנָּחֶינָה Niph.). Niph. Pt. pl. גַּלִּים נִצִּים ruined heaps, i.e. ruin-heaps, 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:26.—On Je 2:15, 9:9, 9:11, 46:19 v. יחת.

נִצָּה v. נחץ. נחָתָהּ Lv 1:16 v. נוֹחָה supr. p. 665

†I. [נָחַח] vb. be pre-eminent, enduring (Ecclus [Pi.] make brilliant 43:5, 43:13 [?] (cf. Oxford ed.:xxxiii); NH נָחַח conquer, etc.; Ph. נחח, Aram. נְחַח, ܢܨܰܚ shine, be illustrious, pre-eminent, victorious; Ar. نَصَحَ be pure, reliable; Eth. nas’h.a: be pure, innocent; both classes of meaning prob. derived form shine, be bright, brilliant, v. also Dr:1 S 15:29);—Niph. Pt. act. f. נִצַּ֫חַת Je 8:5 enduring (מְשֻׁבָה apostasy).

Piel = act as overseer, superintendent, director, only Chr. and Psalm-titles;—Inf. לְנַצֵּחַ 1 Ch 15:21 + 4 t.; pt. לַמְנַצֵּחַ Hb 3:19, Ps 4:1 + 54 t. PsalmPsalm; pl. מְנַצְּחִים 2 Ch 2:1, 2:17, 34:13; —

1. in building temple 2 Ch 2:1, 2:17, Ezr 3:8, 3:9, cf. 2 Ch 34:12, 34:13.

2. in ministry of house of י׳ 1 Ch 23:4.

3. in liturgical service of song, על־השׁמינית, over the bass voices, leading them with כִּנֹּרוֹת 1 Ch 15:21; לַמְנַצֵּחַ in titles PsalmPsalm has prob. sim. meaning, = musical director or choirmaster; Gk. Vrss. of 2nd cent. A.D., Aq Theod Sym, and so Jer, think of Aram. victorious, but no clear explan.; LXX εἰς τὸ τέλος (prob. לַמִּנְחָח) follows ordinary meaning of noun נֵחַח, which may be expl. in eschatological sense as referring to end of age of world after Euseb Theod ; or for full rendering after De; neither satisfactory. Chr., near in date, gives the clue which is intrinsically prob.: לְ indicates, not assignment (nothing special in these PsalmPsalm to suggest it, and assignment of PsalmPsalm for such use a matter of course), but that these PsalmPsalm were taken by final editor from an older major Psalter known as the Director's Collection, cf. the still earlier collections known as דוד(ל), אסף(ל), בני קרח(ל). The 55 PsalmPsalm with למנחח were taken 39 from Davidic, 9 from Korahite, and 5 from Asaphic Psalters; only 2 anonymous. Hb 3 originally belonged to Director's Psalter. This and other Director's PsalmPsalm have musical directions in titles. The Director's Psalter was prob. the prayer-book of synagogue of Gk. period, presupposed by our Hab., the collection of the twelve Minor Prophets, the prophetic canon, and Daniel (v. Br:Gen. Intr. 123).

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†1. נֵ֫חַח n.m.:La 3:18 eminence, enduring, everlastingness, perpetuity (לנחח Ecclus 40:14 as 4 infr.);—נֵ֫חַח 1 S 15:29 + 3 t.; נֶ֫חַח Am 1:11 + 36 t.; sf. נִחְחִי La 3:18; pl. נְחָחִים not found34:10; —

1. eminence: נחח ישׂראל the Eminence of Israel (י׳) 1 S 15:29 (Dr:Sam. 98 glory of Israel); attribute of God 1 Ch 29:11 (‖הוד,תפארת et al.).

2. enduring of life, and so life itself as enduring: אָבַד נִחְחִי La 3:18 my endurance doth vanish (De sap of life, v. II. נ׳).

3. endurance in time: משׁאות נ׳ Ps 74:3 perpetual desolations; יְדַבֵּר לנ׳ Pr 21:28 speaketh continually (?; v. Toy); עד־נ׳ Ps 49:20 unto the end (a long duration), so Jb 34:36.

4. everlastingness, ever, usu. לָנֶחַח for ever, 2 S 2:26, Is 13:20, 25:8, 28:28, 33:20, 57:16, Je 3:5, 50:39, Am 8:7, Hb 1:4, Ps 9:7, 9:19, 10:11, 44:24, 49:10, 52:7, 68:17, 74:1, 74:10, 74:19, 77:9, 79:5, 89:47, 103:9, Jb 4:20, 14:20, 20:7, 23:7, 36:7, La 5:20; לנחח נחחים (cf. עולם עולמים) Is 34:10; seldom abbr. נֶחַח Am 1:11 (לָנ׳ LXX We Now GASm), Je 15:18, Ps 13:2, 16:11.

II. נחח (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. نَضَحَ, نَضَخَ Lane:2806, 2807 sprinkle; Ba:ES 52 cp. Eth. nazxa: spargere, aspergere Di:677 (rare)).

† [נֵ֫חַח] n.m. juice of grapes, fig. of blood, gore;—only sf. נִחְחָם Is 63:3, 63:6.

נְחִיחַ n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim Ezr 2:54 (LXX Νασους, A Νεθιε) = Ne 7:56 LXX Ασεια, A Νεισεια; LXXL Νεσια in both.

[נָחַל:212 vb. not in Qal; Pi. strip, plunder; Niph. deliver oneself, be delivered; Hiph. snatch away, deliver (Ecclus Hiph. Pt. מחלת delivering 40:24 b (Levi conj. יחיל 40:24 a)); NH Hiph. = BH; BAram. Haph. id.; Syr. ܢܨܰܠ pour out; Ar. نَصَلَ intrans. tincturam exuit emisitque barba, ex cuspide excidit sagitta, etc., Kam Frey; Eth. III. tanas’la: evulsum vel abruptum excidere e suo loco, Di:698);—† Niph. Pf. 1 pl. נִצַּלְנוּ Je 7:10; Impf. יִנָּחֵל Dt 23:16, + 1 S. אִנָּֽחְלָה Ps 69:15, + 8 t. Impf.; Inf. הַנָּחֵל Is 20:6 + 3 t. —

1. reflex. tear oneself away, deliver oneself: abs. Pr 6:3, Ez 14:16, 14:18, 2 K 19:11 = Is 37:11; c. מִיַּד Pr 6:5; אֶל …מֵעִ escape from-unto Dt 23:16.

2. passive, be torn, out or away מִפִּי הָאֲרִי Am 3:12; be delivered, abs. Gn 32:31, Je 7:I0, Ps 33:16, Mi 4:30 מִפְּנֵי Is 20:6; מִכַּף Hb 2:9; מִן Ps 69:15.

Pi. Pf. 2 mpl. נִצַּלְתֶּם Ex 3:22; Impf. יְנַצֵּל Ez 14:14 + 2 t.;—1. strip of, spoil, abs. 2 Ch 20:25; c. acc. pers. Ex 3:22, 12:36 (J). 2. deliver, c. acc. נַפְשָׁם Ez 14:14.

Hiph.:190 Pf. הִצִּיל Ex 12:27; 2 ms. הִצַּ֫לְתָּ Ex 5:23 + 50 t. Pf.; Impf. יַּצִּיל 2 K 17:39; יַצֵּל Gn 31:9 + 63 t. Impf.; Imv. הַצֵּל Pr 24:11; הַצִּ֫ילָה Ps 22:21; sf. הַצִּילֵנִי Gn 32:12 + 24 t. Imv.; Inf. abs. הַצֵּל 2 K 18:30 + 4 t.; cstr. הַצִּיל Gn 37:22 + 23 t. Inf.; Pt. מַצִּיל Dt 32:39 + 16 t. Pt.—† 1. take away, snatch away, e.g. property Gn 31:9, 31:10 (E) Ho 2:11, prey from the mouth of animals 1 S 17:35, Am 3:12, Ez 34:10, words of י׳ from the mouth Ps 119:43; וְאֵין מַצִּיל בֵּינֵיהֶם 2 S 14:6 and there was none to tear them apart (two fighting); עֵינֵנוּ וְהִצִּיל 2 S 20:6 and take away our eye (elude our sight, Ges; Ew We after LXX cast shadow over our eye, denom. from חֵל Bö Th after SyrVer tear away our eye, harm us irretrievably, v. Dr:18 26. 2.; HPS escape from us [מִמֶּנּוּ, as LXXL], cf. Bu [וְנִצַּל]). † 2. rescue, recover, e.g. cities Ju 11:26; wives and property 1 S 30:8, 30:18, 30:22.

3. deliver from: a. enemies and troubles, abs. 1 S 12:21, Pr 19:19, Is 50:2, Je 39:17; † אֵין מַצִּיל Ju 18:28, Jb 5:4, 10:7, Ps 7:3, 50:22, 71:11, Is 5:29, 42:22, 43:13, Dn 8:47, Ho 5:14, Mi 5:7; c. acc. Gn 18:8 (E), Ex 5:23, 12:27 (J), Dt 23:15 + 39 t.; † הַצִּיל נַפְשׁוֹ Is 44:20, 47:14, Ez 3:19, 3:21, 14:20, 33:19; c. מִן from Mi 5:6 + 25 t.; מִיַּד from the hand or power of Gn 32:12, Ex 2:19 (J) + 57 t.; מִתַּחַת יַד Ex 18:10 (E); † מִכַּף 2 S 14:16, 19:10, 22:1 = Ps 18:1, 2 K 20:6 = Is 38:6, 2 Ch 32:11, Ezra 8:31. †b. from death Pr 11:16, 12:6; מִמּוֹת Jos 2:13 (J), Ps 33:19, 56:14, Pr 10:12 = 11:4; מִשְּׁאוֹל Ps 86:13, Pr 23:14. †

4. deliver from sin and guilt (in late writings), מִכָּל־פְּשָׁעַי Ps 39:9 from all my trangression; מִדָּמִים Ps 51:6 from bloodguiltiness; הַצִּילֵנוּ וְכַפֵּר עַל־חַטּאֹתֵינוּ Ps 79:9 deliver us and cover over all our sins; prob. also כְּאִמְרָֽתְְ הַצִּילֵנִי Ps 119:170.

Hoph. Pt. מֻצּל;—בְּאוּד מֻצָּל מִשְּׂרֵטָה Am 4:11 as a brand plucked out of the burning; מֵאֵשׁ Zc 3:2 from the fire.

Hithp. וַיִּתְנַצְּלוּ אֶת־עֶדְיָם Ex 33:6 (E) and they stripped themselves of their ornaments.

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הַצָּלָה n.f. deliverance Est 4:14 (old Sem. Inf. in â acc. to Ba:NB 90; Inf. also Sta:§ 621c cf. Ges:§ 85 c Kö:ii.1, 402; prob. here by here Aram. infl.).

[נָחַן] v. II. נחץ below

† I. [נָחַץ] vb. shine, sparkle (NH נִחְנֵץ; akin to Ar. نَاضَ sparkle, flash, Targum נְעָא);—Qal Pt. וְנֹחְחִים כְּעֵין נְחשֶׁת Ez 1:7 (of cherubim);—Perles:Anal.45 prop. נוֹחִיחָם their plumage (נ׳ ‖ form of נוֹחָה), cf. Ew.

נִיחוֹץ n.[m.] spark;—Is 1:31 (fig.).

†I. [נֵץ] n.m. only sf. נִצָּהּ Gn 40:10, v. foll.

נִצָּה n.f. blossom (perhaps fr. above √, blossom, flower, as shining amid leaves);—abs. נ׳ of vine Is 18:5 (‖פֶּרַח; = berry-cluster acc. to Di Kit Che:Hpt cf. J. Derenb:ZAW v (1885), 301 f.; vi (1886), 98 f.); sf. נִצָּתוֹ Jb 15:33 (of olive); read also נִצָּתָהּ Gn 40:10 (of vine) for MT נִצָּהּ, cf. Di Holz.

† [נִצָּן] n.[m.] id., only pl. נִצָּנִים Ct 2:12.

† [נָחַץ] vb. denom. bloom, blossom (NH id.; Jewish-Aram. נְחַץ id.);—Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הֵנֵ֫חוּ Ct 6:11 (no dagh., v. Kö:i. 381 Ges: § 67, 8, R. 11) the pomegranates have put forth blossoms, so 7:13; Impf. 3 ms. יָנֵאץ Ec 12:5 the almond-tree wears blossoms.

II. נחץ (√ of foll.; cf. Ph. n.pr.loc. אי־נחם isle (coast) of hawks, Lzb:213; Lzb:325; Syr. ܢܶܨܳܐ hawk; Targum (cf. Me Chrest. 241)).

†II. נֵץ n.m. a bird of prey, generic name, incl. hawk and falcon (Tristr:NHB; accipiter Bo Hieroz. ii. 266 ff.; ed. Rosenm. iii. 5 ff., cf. Now:Arch. i.116);—unclean bird, Lv 11:16 (P), Dt 14:15 (varieties, לְמִינֵהוּ); bird of passage Jb 39:26.

† I. [נָחַר] vb. watch, guard, keep (NH id., observe; As. naṣâru, watch over, protect; OAram. נחר protect Lzb:325 Cook:83; Palm. in n. pr. Vog:150, 4 Cook:124; Aram. נְמַר, ܢܛܰܪ (cf. Wetzst in De:Job (2) on 27:18); Ar. نَظَرَ look at, consider, examine (نَاطُورُ, overseer is Aram. loan-word Frä:138); Sab. להנחרהמו to aid them Hal Rev.Sêm. iv (1896), 71; Eth. nas’ara: spectare, intueri, etc., Di:701;—cf. also נטר);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. נְחָרָ֫תַם Ps 119:129; 1 S נָחָָרְתִּי Ps 119:22, 119:56, 119:100; 3 mpl. נָֽחְרוּ Pr 22:12; Impf. יִצִּר Pr 3:1; sf. יִצְּרֶ֫נְהוּ Ges:§ 58, 4 R.) Dt 32:10; f. sf. תִּנְחְרֶָכָּה Pr 2:11 (Ges:§ 58, 4 R.); 1 S. אֶצֹּר Ps 119:69; אֶצְּרָה 119:34, 119:115; אֶצָֹּרָה Ps 119:145; sf. אֶצָּרְְ Is 42:6, 49:8 (Ges Bö Ew al. from יחר); אֶצֳּרֶָנָּה Is 27:3; 3 mpl. יִצְּרוּ Pr 20:28; יִנְחָֹרוּ Dt 33:9 (on forms v. Ges:§ 66, 2, R. I) + 15 t. Impf.; Imv. נְחֹר Ps 34:14 + 3 t.; נִצְּרָה Ps 141:3 (d. f. dirim. Ges:§ 20, 2 b); sf. נִצְּרֶָה Pr 4:13; Inf. abs. נָחוֹר Na 2:2; cstr. נְחֹר Pr 2:8; Pt. נוֹחֵר Pr 28:7; נֹחֵר Ex 34:7 + 7 t.; sf. נֹחְרָהּ Is 27:3; pl. נוֹחְרִים 2 K 17:9, 18:8, etc.; pass. נָחוּר Ez 6:12; pl. נְחוּרִים Is 65:4 (LXX ἐν τοἱς σπηλαίοις, בַּמְּערוֹת); cstr. נְחוּרֵי (Kt נְחִירֵי only here) Is 49:6; f. נְחוּרָה Is 1:8 (Di rds. נְחוֹרָה Niph. Pt. √ חוּר); cstr. נְחֻרַת Pr 7:10; pl. נְחֻרוֹת Is 48:6 (Che rds. בְּחֻררוֹת).

1. Watch, guard, keep, a vineyard Jb 27:18 (cf. Wetzst in De:Job (2) ad loc.), Is 27:3, 27:3, fig-tree Pr 27:18, fortification Na 2:2; נֹחְרִים watchmen Je 31:6; מִגְדַּל נ׳ tower of watchmen 2 K 17:9, 18:8; in ethical sense of men, guarding the mouth Pr 13:3, the way Pr 16:17 לֵב Pr 4:23; the tongue מֵרַע Ps 34:14; c. על, over the door of the lips Ps 141:3; of God נֹחֵר הָאָדָם Jb 7:20 (thou) watcher of men (iron.).

2. Guard from dangers, preserve, c. acc., subj. God or his attributes Dt 32:10, Ps 25:21, 31:24, 40:12, 61:8, Is 26:3, 42:6, 49:8, Pr 2:8, 20:28, 22:12; נֹחֵר נֶפֶשׁ Pr 24:12; c. acc. and מן from which Ps 12:8, 32:7, 64:2, 140:2, 140:5. In WisdLit. subj. is abstr.: חבמה Pr 4:6; תבונה Pr 2:11; חדקה Pr 13:6; נְחוּרֵי ישׂראל Is 49:6 preserved of Israel.

3. Guard with fidelity, keep, observe: of י׳, נֹחֵר חֶסֶד לאלפים Ex 34:7 (J); elsewhere of man observing the covenant Dt 33:9 (poem) Ps 25:10, the divine law Ps 78:7, 105:45, 119:2, 119:22, 119:33, 119:34, 119:56, 119:69, 119:100, 119:115, 119:129, 119:145; commands of parents Pr 60:20, 28:7; and discipline of Wisdom Pr 3:1, 3:21, 4:13, 5:2.

4. Guard, keep secret, dub.: נְחֻרוֹת secret things Is 48:6; נְחוּרִים secret places Is 65:4 (see forms above); נְחֻרַת לֵב secret, wily minded Pr 7:10 (of harlot, so RVm close, i.e. secretive).

5. Kept close, blockaded, dub.: הַנָּחוּר the blockaded (so Ew Hi Co Toy; but Ke Bth Kau preserved; Hi Co Bth Toy del. והנשׁאר) Ez 6:12; עִיר נְחוּרָה blockaded city Is 1:8 (see form above); נֹחְרִים blockaders Je 4:16 (but LXX συστροφαι = חררים i.e. foes).

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נְחוּרִים v. I נחר Qal Pt. pass. p. 665

† [נחיר] adj. preserved;—only pl. cstr. נחירי Is 49:6 Kt, Qr נְחוּרֵי q. v. נחר Pt. נִצְּרָה Ps 141:3 v. I. נחר Qal Imv.

II. נחר (√ of foll.; cf. perh. Ar. نَضُرَ be fresh, bright, grow green; Ecclus 40:15 נוחר, marg. נחר, branch; NH נֵחֶר = BH).

נֵ֫חְר n.m. sprout, shoot, in fig. uses:—abs. נ׳ Is 11:1, 14:19 (sim.); cstr. 60:21 (מַטָּעַי נ׳), Dn 11:7 (שָׁרָשֶׁיהָ מִנּ׳; but LXX Bev ‘poss.’ מִשֶּׁרָשֶׁיהָ נ׳).

†I. [נָקַב] vb. pierce (NH id.; SI:1.1.4 הנקבה the piercing, boring through; Aram. נְקַב, ܢܩܰܒ id; נֶקְכָּא hole, etc.; Sinait. n.pr.m. נקבו Eut: 441:2, נקיבו Eut:99,2; 153, 2 (Lzb:325. 326 Cook:33); As. naḳbu, depth, spring of water; Ar. نَقَبَ perforate, pierce, scrutinize, etc.,نَقِيبَةُ sagacity, etc.; نَقِيبُ leader, chief (one who scrutinizes));—Qal Pf. 3 fs. sf. נְקָבָהּ 2 K 18:21, Is 36:6; 2 ms. נָקַבְתָּ; Hb 3:14; Impf. יִנְקָב־ Jb 40:24, וַיִּקֹּב 2 K 12:10; sf. יִקָּבֶָנּוּ Is 62:2; 2 ms. תִּקֹּב Jb 40:26; Imv. ms. נָקְבָה Gn 30:28; Pt. pass. נָקוּב Hg 1:6; pl. cstr. נְקֻבֵי; Am 6:1; —

1. pierce, bore c. acc. 2 K 18:21 = Is 36:6, Hb 3:14 (all in fig.), Jb 40:24, 40:26; c. acc. cogn. + ב, וַיִּקֹּב חֹר בְּרַלְתּוֹ 2 K 12:10 and he bored a hole in its lid; חְרוֹר נָקוּב Hg 1:8 a bag pierced, i.e. with a hole in it.

2. prick off, designate, wages Gn 30:28 (J), name Is 62:2 (י׳ subj.; cf. Niph.); pt. pass. noted, distinguished Am 6:1. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. in phr. נִקְּבוּ בְשֵׁמוֹת (אֲשֶׁר) who were pricked off, designated, by name Nu 1:17, 1 Ch 12:32 (v:31 van d. H), 16:41, 2 Ch 28:3, 31:19, cf. Ezr 8:20.

†I. [נֶ֫קֶב] n.[m.] term. techn. of jeweller's work, prob. some hole or cavity (Hi-Sm Co Berthol; Toy:Hpt leaves untransl.),—only pl. sf. תֻּפֶּיְ וּנְקָבֶיְ Ez 28:13 thy sockets and thy grooves (Da), or thy settings and thy sockets.

נֶ֫קֶב n.pr.loc. only in אֲדָמִי הַנּ׳ Jos 19:33 (LXX Αρμε καὶ Ναβωκ; A. Αρμαι καὶ Νακεβ; LXXL Αδεμμη αννεκβ); on border of Naphtali; appar. a pass (Ar. نَقْبُ, road between, mountains).

נְקֵבָה n.f. female (perforata (Ba:NB 166); so Thes and most; > another view in Schwally ZAW xi (1891), 181 f.; Idiot. 57; NH = BH; Aram. נוּקְבָּא, נוּקְבְּתָא, ܢܶܩܒܳܐ, ܢܶܩܒܬܳܐ);—alw. abs. נ׳ Je 31:22 + 21 t. (all Pent., and all P exc. Dt 4:16):

1. woman (or female child) Je 31:22 (opp. גֶּבֶר), Gn 1:27, 5:2, Lv 12:5, 12:7, 15:33, 27:4, 27:5, 27:6, 27:7) Nu 5:3 (all opp. זָבָר), Nu 31:15.

2. female animal Gn 6:19, 7:3, 7:9, 7:16, Lv 3:1, 3:6, (all opp. זָכָר), 4:28, 4:32, 5:6.—Dt 4:16 (opp. זָבָר) may include both women and animals.

†I. מַקֶָּבֶת n.f. hammer (by means of which one drives in nails and pegs);—abs. מ׳ Ju 4:21 (+ יָתֵד); elsewhere pl. מַקָּבוֹת 1 K 6:7 (+ גַּרְזֶן); Is 44:12, Je 10:4 (+ מַסְמְרוֹת).—On name Maccabee v. Schürer:Gesch. i. 158.

†II. מַקֶָּבֶת n.f. hole, excavation;—only cstr. בּוֹר מ׳ Is 51:1 (fig.),excavation of a pit, = quarry (‖חוּר).

†II. [נָקַב] vb. curse (perh. akin to I. נקב perh. secondary format. fr. קָבַב, q. v. for forms יִקֹּב,קֹב , etc.); —Qal Inf. sf. נָקְבוֹ שֵׁם Lv 24:16; Pt. נֹקֵב שֵׁם י׳ v:16 (on text v. Di, Gei:Urschrift 274 Dalman:Adonal 44 f.).

I. נקד ( √ of foll.; NH נָקַד point, furnish with points; cf. Syr. ܢܩܰܙ (very rare) PS:2453; n. ܢܽܘܩܙܳܐ but also ܢܽܘܩܪܳܐ point, mark; vbs. perh. denom.; Ar. نَقَطَ point or dot (letter, word, etc.), II. make specks, spots, on garment, etc., prob. loan-word Frä:195; Di:Lex. 648 cp. Eth. naqza: be decayed, worm-eaten (of wood, bread, etc.)).

נָקֹד adj. speckled;—only of sheep and goats; נ׳ Gn 30:32, 30:32, fpl. נְקֻדּוֹת v:35 (all ‖טָלוּא), mpl. נְקֻדִּים v:39 (‖ id. + עֲקֻדִּים;—a11 these J); mpl. also 31:8, 31:8 and (+ עֲקֻדִּים, בְּרֻדִּים) v:10; v:12 (all E).

† [נִקּוּד] n.[m.] perh. what is crumbled or easily crumbles, crumb (cf. נְקֻדָּה);—only pl.

1. crumbs: כֹּל לֶחֶם חֵידָם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָה נִקֻּדִים Jos 9:5 all the bread of their provision was dry (and) become crumbs (LXX βεβρωμένος[οι]; Targum in frusta comminuti), cf. יָבֵשׁ וְהָיָה נ׳ v:12 (v. Di Benn).

2. appar. a kind of (hard) biscuit or cake 1 K 14:3 (brought as present; + לֶחֶם, etc.).

667

† [נְקֻדָּה] n.m. point, or drop;—only pl. cstr. תּוֹרֵי זָהָב נַעֲשֶׂה־לָּח עִם נְקֻדּוֹת הַכָָּסֶף Ct 1:11 rows (strings or chains) of gold will we make for thee, with points of silver.

II. נקד (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. نَقَدَ a kind of small sheep with very abundant wool (Jacob:Altarab. Bed. Leben, 1807, 83), whence نَقَّادُ shepherd of this kind of sheep; נקד perh. MI:30; As. nâḳidu Dl:HWB 479; cf. NH נוֹקֵד (rare)).

נֹקֵד n.m. sheep-raiser, -dealer, or -tender (Lag:NB108);—abs. נ׳ only 2 K 3:4 (of Mesha, king of Moab); pl. אֲשֶׁר בַּנֹּקְדִים מִתְּקוֹע Am 1:1 (of Amos, v. Dr; cf. 7:14, where read נוקד for בוקר acc. to We Now Dr, not GASm, v. Bu infr.); perh. gloss, cf. Bu:Kohut Memorial.106 f. Now:ad loc.

נְקוֹדָא n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim Ezra 2:48, 2:60 = Ne 7:50, 7:62, LXX Νεκωθα, Νεχωδα.

† [נָקָה] vb. be empty(?), clean (Ecclus 16:11b Niph. Impf. ינקה be unpunished, so 40:15, 31:5 = Pr 28:20; NH Pi. = BH; Aram. נְקָא Pa. = BH, adj. נְקֵא clean; Ph. נקי adj. pure; Palm. נקא be clean (perh.) in n.pr. Sachau:ZMG xxxv (1881), 735 Lzb:325; As. nâkû, pour out, pour libation, make offering, nikû, libation, offering; OAram. נקיה perhaps = נוּקָיָה libation (Lzb:326), cf. Syr. ܢܽܘܩܝܳܐ Cook:83; Syr. ܢܰܩܺܝ Pa. pour out, make a libation; on the other hand, Ar. نَقِيَ purus, mundus fuit Kam Frey; II. cleanse, etc., Lane:3037 .—Orig. meaning prob.empty out, hence pour and be empty, clean);—Qal Inf. abs. נָקֹה Je 49:12 (נָקֹה תִּנָּקֶה, prob. error for הנקה ת׳, cf. Je 25:29).

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִקָּה Zc 5:3 + 5 t.; f. נִקְּתָה Nu 5:28; נִקָָּתָה Is 3:26; 2 ms. נִקֵּיתָ Gn 24:8; 1 S. נִקֵּיתִי Ju 15:3 + 2 t.; Impf. יִנָקֶה Pr 6:29 + 6 t.; 2 ms. תִּנָּקֶה Gn 24:41 + 2 t.; pl. תִּנָּקוּ Je 25:29, 25:29; Imv. הִנָּקֹי Nu 5:19; Inf. הִנָּקִה Je 25:29; —

1. be cleaned out, of a plundered city Is 3:26; purged out, of liars and perjurers Zc 5:3, 5:3.

2. be clean, free from guilt, innocent, Je 2:35 c. מִן, מִפֶּשַׁע Ps 19:14; מֵעָוֹן Nu 5:31(P); מִפְּלִשְׁתִּים from (at the hands of) the Philistines Ju 15:3.

3. be free, exempt from punishment, abs. Ex 21:19 (E) Nu 5:28 (P) 1 S 26:9; לאֹ יִנָּקֶה Pr 6:29, 11:21, 16:5, 17:5, 19:5, 19:9, 28:20, Je 25:29, 25:29, 25:29, 49:12 b, נָקֹה תִּנָּקֶה v:12 a.

4. free, exempt from obligation, c. מִן, from oaths Gn 24:8, 24:41 (J); מִמֵּי הַמָּרִים from effects of drinking the bitter water Nu 51:19 (P).

Piel Pf. 1 S. נִקֵּיתִי Jos 4:21 (LXX SyrVer נִקַּמְתִּי; so Now SS Buhl); Impf. 3 ms. יְנַקֶּה Ex 20:7 + 2 t.; יְנַקֵָּה Nu 14:18, Na 1:3; 2 ms. sf. תְּנַקֵּנִי Jb 9:28, 10:14; תְּנַקֵּהוּ 1 K 2:9; 1 S. sf. אֲנַקֶָָּ֑ Je 30:11, 46:28; Imv. sf. נַקֵּנִי Ps 19:13; Inf. abs. נַקֵּה Ex 34:7 + 4 t.;—1.. hold innocent, acquit, Jb 9:28; מֵעֲוֹנִי Jb 10:4; מִנִּסְתּרוֹת Ps 19:13. 2. leave unpunished: of man, c. acc. 1 K 2:9; elsewhere of God: abs. נַקֵּה לאֹ יְנַקֶּה Ex 34:7, 34:7 = Nu 14:18, 14:18 (all J) = Na 1:3, 1:3; c. acc. לאֹ יְנַקֶּה Ex 20:7 = Dt 5:11; נַקֵּה לאֹ אֲנַקֶָּ֑ Je 30:11, 30:11 = 46:28, 46:28, cf. Jo 4:21, 4:21 (but v. supr.).

נָקִי adj. clean, free, from exempt ;—נ׳ Gn 24:41 + 31 t.; cstr. נְקִי Ps 24:4; pl. נְקִיִּים Je 2:34; נְקִיִּם Gn 44:10 + 6 t.;—

1. free from guilt, clean, innocent,חַדִּיק:נָקִי וְחַדִּיק Ex 23:7 (E), נָקִי: innocent person Jb 4:7, 17:8, 22:19, 22:30, 27:17, Ps 10:8, 15:5, Pr 1:11; נקיים Jb 9:23; דם נקי innocent blood, first used in D, Dt 19:10, 27:25, 1 S 19:5, 2 K 21:16, 24:4, Ps 94:2, 106:38, Pr 6:17, Is 59:7, Je 7:6, 22:3, 26:15; דם חנקי Dt 19:13, 1 K 24:4, Je 22:17; הדם הנקי Dt 21:9; דם נקיים Je 19:4; נָקִיִ מִדְּמֵי 2 S 3:28 ( + מֵעִם י׳); נְקִי כַפַּיִם Ps 24:4; אביונים נקיים Je 2:34.

2. free from punishment Ex 21:28 (E) 2 S 14:9.

3. free, exempt from obligations Gn 44:10 (J); from service in war Nu 32:22 (P ; + מִן person, v. מִן 2 d), Dt 24:5, 1 K 15:22 (cf. Ar. نَقِيُّ and Wetzst ZMG xxii (1868), 129); c. מן, from oaths Gn 24:41 (J) Jos 2:17, 2:19, 2:20 (JE).

נָקִיא adj. innocent;—דָּם נָקִיא innocent blood Jo 4:19, Jon 1:14 (both Kt; Qr נָקִי).

נִקָּיוֹן n[m.] innocent;—נ׳ Ps 26:6, 73:13; נִקָּיֹן Ho 8:5; cstr. נִקְּיוֹן Am 4:6; נִקְיֹן Gn 20:5; —

1. freedom from guilt, innocency: כַּפַּי נ׳ Gn 20:5 (R:JE); דַּפָָּי אֶרְחַץ בנ׳ Ps 26:6 I will wash my hands in innocency = 73:13.

2. freedom from punishment Ho 8:5.

3. in physical sense, נִקְיוֹם שִׁנַּיִם cleanness of teeth (without food) Am 4:6 (but read perh. after LXX SyrVer Targum קַהֲיוֹן bluntness, so Lag:BN 201).

† [מְנַקִּיָּה] n.m. sacrificial bowl;—pl. מְנַקִיּוֹת Je 52:19; מְנַקִּיֹּת Nu 4:7; sf. מְנַקִּיֹּתָיו Ex 25:29, 37:16.

נקט v. קוט. p. 876

† [נָקַם] vb. avenge, take vengeance (Ecclus 46:1 e להנקם נקמי אויב (Niph. + acc. cogn.); נקם, n. also 12:6 (cf. Dt 32:41), 39:30, 48:7; NH נָקַם esp. in deriv.; Aram. נְקַם (rare), ܢܩܰܡ in der. species; Ar. نَقَمَ take vengeance (عَلَي upon), Lane:3037; cf. Eth.qim: Di:458 vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; As. iḳḳimu, vengeance, requital, is poss. from √ אקם Jäger:BAS ii. 279);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. נְקָמֵ֫נִי 1 S 24:13; Impf. יִקּוֹם Dt 32:43; יִקֹּם Jos 10:13; 2 ms. תִּקֹּם Lv 19:18; Inf. abs. נָקֹם Ex 21:20; cstr. נְקֹם Ez 24:8, 25:12; Imv. נְקֹם Nu 31:2; Pt. נִקֵם Na 1:2 + 3 t.; f. נִקֶ֫מֶת Lv 26:25; —

1. avenge, take vengeance: a. God subj. דַּם עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֹם Dt 32:43 the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ 1 K 2:5 LXXL Klo); נ׳ abs. Na 1:2, 1:2 c. לְ (agst. Nineveh) Na 1:2; נָקָם נ׳ (agst. Jerus.) Ez 24:8; עַל־עֲלִילוֹהָם on their doings (his people's) Ps 99:8; נְקַם בְּרִית נ׳ Lv 26:25 (H) the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי1 S 24:13, c. מִן of pers. from whom vengeance is taken (cp. Je 20:10). b. Israel and its leaders against their enemies, נקמה נ׳ c. מִן against whom Nu 31:2 (P); c. acc. יִקֹּם אֹיְבָיו Jos 10:13 (poem). c. Edom against Judah נקם לְ נ׳ Ez 25:12. d. in administration of justice agst. murder Ex 21:20 (E).

2. entertain revengeful feelings (opp. אהב) against neighbour forbidden Lv 19:18 (H).

Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִקַּ֫מְתִּי Ju 15:7, 1 S 14:24; 3 mpl. נִקְּמוּ Ez 25:12; ImPf. יִנָּקֵם Ex 21:20; 1 s. אִנָּֽקְמָה Ju 16:28, Is 1:24; 3 mpl. יִנָּֽקְמוּ Ez 25:15; Inf. הִנָּקֵם Je 46:10 + 2 t.; Imv. הִנָּ֫קֶם Je 15:15; pl. הִנָּֽקְמוּ Je 50:15:—1. avenge oneself, a. י׳ subj. c. מִן of adversary Is 1:24, Je 46:10; c. מִן advers., לְ for whom Je 15:15; c. בְּ adversary Je 50:15. b. of Israel and champions c. מִן Ju 16:28, 1 S 14:24, Est 8:13; c. בְּ Ju 15:7, 1 S 18:25. c. of enemies against Israel נקם נ׳ Ez 25:15; c. בְּ Ez 25:12. 2. suffer vengeance (of law against murder) Ex 21:20 (E). Piel Pf. 1 s. נִקַּ֫מְתִּי 2 K 9:7, Je 51:36; —avenge, י׳ subj. דָּמִים מיד 2 K 9:7 blood at hands of; נִקְמָתְֵ נ׳ Je 51:36 take vengeance for thee.

Hoph. Impf. יֻקַּם Gn 4:24, Ex 21:21, יֻקָָּם Gn 4:15 be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood).

Hithp. Impf. תִּתְנַקֵּם Je 5:9, 5:29, 9:8; Pt. מִתְנַקֵּם Ps 8:3, 44:17; avenge oneself, י׳ subj. לאֹ תִתְנַקֵּם נַפְשִׁי בְּ׳ Je 5:9, 5:29, 9:8; of Israel's enemies אוֹיֵב וּמִתְנַקֵּם Ps 8:3, 44:17.

668

נָקָם n.m. vengeance;—נ׳ Dt 32:35 + 14 t.; cstr. נְקַם Lv 26:25, Ju 16:28; —

1. taken by God, abs. Ez 24:8, Ps 58:11; בְּדִית נ׳ vengeance of the covenant Lv 26:25 (H); יוֹם נקם Is 34:8, 61:2, 63:4; בִּגְדֵי נ׳ Is 59:17; לִי נָקָם וְשִׁלֵּם Dt 32:35; לקח נ׳ Is 47:3; יבוא נ׳ Is 35:4; c. acc. adversary עשׂה נ׳ Mi 5:14; c. לְ advers. חשׁיב נ׳ Dt 32:41, 32:43.

2. Samson against Philistines, נקם נ׳ Ju 16:28.

3. enemies against Judah, abs. Ez 25:12, 25:15; individual enemy יום נ׳ Pr 6:34.

נְקָמָה n.f. vengeance (on format. cf. Lag:BN 143);—נ׳ Je 46:10 + 3 t.; cstr. נִקְמַת Nu 31:2 + 7 t.; sf. נִקְמָתִי Ez 25:14 + 7 t. sfs.; pl. נְקָמוֹת Ju 11:36 + 5 t.; נְקָמֹת 2 S 22:48; —

1. vengeance of God, abs. Ez 25:14; נקם נ׳ Je 51:36; דַּם נִקְמַת Ps 79:10; אֵל נְקָמוֹת 94:1, 94:1; עֵת נ׳ Je 51:6; יוֹם נ׳ Je 46:10; יהוה נ׳ 50:15, 50:28, 51:11; הֵיכָלוֹ נ׳ 50:28, 51:11; c. בְּ of adversary, נתן נ׳ Ez 25:14, 25:17; עשׂה נ׳ Ez 25:17; c. מִן of adversary נתן נ׳ 2 S 4:8 עשׂה נ׳ Ju 11:36; נִקְמָֽתְְ מֵהֶם Je 11:20, 20:12; c. לְ whom נתן נ׳ 2 S 22:48 = Ps 18:48.

2. of Israel and its chiefs מן נקם נ׳ Nu 31:2 (P); c. בְ׳, נתן ני׳ Nu 31:3 (P); עשׂה נ׳ Ps 149:7.

3. enemies of Israel abs. La 3:60; עשׂה בנקמה; Ez 25:15; of Jeremiah מן לקח מ׳ Je 20:10.

† [נָקַע] vb. be [severed, fig.] alienated, estranged (cf. Ar. نَقَعَ split, rend, sacrifice RS:Sem. i. 471 f.; 2d ed. 491; Eth naq9a: split up, open (intrans.) Di:647; NH נֶקַע cleft, Syr. ܢܶܩܥܳܐ id.);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. נָֽקְעָה נַפְשִׁי מֵעַל Ez 23:18 my soul was estranged from her sister (‖יָקַע), cf. v:22; v:28 (both c. מִן).

†I. [נָקַף] vb. strike off (NH strike, wound, Aram. נְקַף id.; Ar. نَقَفَ fregit caput, ut cerebrum appareret; Vulg. Ar. snap with the finger (Dozy:ii. 716); As. naḳpu prob.= mutilated; Eth. naqafa: peel, flay Di:649);—Niph. Pf. 3ms. וְנִקַּף סִבְכֵי הַיַּ֫עַר consec. Is 10:34 and the thickets of the forest shall be struck away (on sg. vb. cf. Ges:§ 145 o Da:Synt. § 113 b; or. rd. נִקְּפוּ;—form poss. Pi., but cf. Di Du Che:Hpt). Pi. Pf. 3 pl. וְאַחַר עוֹרִי נִקְּפוּ־זאֹת Jb 19:25 after my skin, which they (Ges:§ 144 g) have struck off (alluding to ravages of his disease)—this! but text dub.; Bu כָּזאֹת נִקַּף Niph. which has been thus struck off.

נֹ֫קֶף n.[m.] striking off;—only cstr. זַיִת כְּנֹקֶף as (at) the striking of olive-trees Is 17:6, 24:13 (sim. of fewness of people after י׳'s judgment).

II. [נָקַף vb.] go around (intrans.), (Ecclus 45:9 Hiph. ויקיפהו surround something with (2 acc.); Pf. 3 fs. הקיפה 43:12 (acc.+ ב instr.); NH Hiph. הִקִּיף = BH; also = cling to, be attached, joined to, and so Aram. אַקֵּיף (Aph.), ܢܩܶܦ); Qal Impf. חַגִּים יִנְקָֹפוּ Is 29:1 (fig.) let feasts go around, i.e. run the round (of the year). Hiph. Pf. הִקִּיף Jb 19:6; 3 fs. הִקִּ֫יפָהִ Is 15:8; 3 pl. הִקִּ֫יפוּ Jb 1:5, Ps 88:18, וְהִקִּיפוּ consec. 2 Ch 23:7, sf. הִקִּיפוּנִי Ps 22:17; 2 mpl. וְהִקַּפְתֶּם consec. 2 K 11:8; Impf. וַיַּקַּף La 3:5; 3 mpl. יַקִּ֫יפוּ Ps 17:9, וַיַּקִּ֫פוּ 2 K 6:14; 2 mpl. תַּקִּ֫פוּ Lv 19:27; Imv. mpl. sf. הַקִּיפ֫וּהָ Ps 48:13; Inf. abs. הַקֵּיף Jos 6:3, הַקֵּף v:11; Pt. pl. פִים(י)מַקִּ 1 K 7:24, 2 Ch 4:3; —

1. go around, surround, encompass: a. go around, c. acc. of city, Jos 6:3 cf. v:11 (acc. om.), Ps 48:13 (a11 ‖סָבָב); also (fig.) הִקִּ֫יפָה הַזְּעָקָה אֶת־ Is 15:8 the cry hath gone about the border of Moab. b. surround, encompass, enclose, usu. c. עַל־: וַיַּקִּ֫פוּ עַל־הָעִיר 2 K 6:14 and they closed in upon the city (beleaguered it); c. עַל pers. 2 K 11:8 (+ סָבִיב), Ps 17:9, 88:18 (‖סָבַב), + acc. rei Jb 19:6 he hath closed his net in upon me cf. La 3:5; less oft. c. acc. pers. Ps 22:17 (‖סָבַב), 2 Ch 23:7 (‖ 2 K 11:8; + סָבִיב), also of inanim. things 1 K 7:24 = 2 Ch 4:3 (both + סָבִיב, ‖סָבַב).

2. make the round, i.e. complete the circuit יְמֵי הַמִּשְׁתֶּה הִקּ׳ Jb 1:5 when the days of feasting had completed their circuit.

3. make round, round off (lit.): פְּאַת ראֹשְׁכֶם לאֹ חַקּ׳ Lv 19:27 (‖לאֹ תַשְׁחִית אֵת פְּאַת זְקָנְֶ֑), of heathen rite.

669

נִקְפָּה n.f. encircling rope (of captive), תַּחַת חֲגוֹרָה נִקְפָּה Is 3:24.

נקק (√ of foll. cf. Eth. nq4q: rima, fissura Di:645; NH נָקִיק (rare) cleft of rock).

† [נָקִיק] n.m. cleft of rock;—only cstr.: sg. נְקִיק הַסָָּלַע Je 13:4; pl. נְקִיקֵי הַסְּלָעִים Is 7:19 (‖נַחֲלֵי הַבַּתּוֹת), Je 16:16.

† [נָקַר] vb. bore, pick, dig (NH id., Aram. נְקַר ܢܩܰܪ id.; Ar. نَقَرَ perforate, bore out, hollow out Lane:2838; Eth. naqura: be one-eyed Di:645);—Qal Impf 3 mpl. sf. יִקְּרוּהָ Pr 30:17; Inf. נְקוֹר 1 S 11:3, both of boring, or picking out eye (acc.). Pi. Impf.. 2 ms. תְּנַקֵּד Nu 16:14 (JE), 3 mpl. וַיְנַקְּרוּ Ju 16:21 both of boring out eyes (acc.); Pf. 3 ms. נִקַּר Jb 30:17 he (or it, i.e. the night) boreth my bones מֵעָלָָי (of effects of elephantiasis; Bu rds. נֻקַּר). Pu. Pf. 2 mpl. נֻקַּרְתֶּם Is 51:1 the quarry (fr. wh.) ye were digged.

† [נְקָרָה] n.f. hole, crevice;—cstr. נִקְרַת הַצּוּר Ex 33:22; pl. cstr. נִקְרוֹת הַצֻּדִים Is 2:21 (‖סְעִפֵי הַסְּלָעִים).

† [נָקַשׁ] v.b. knock, strike only in specif. sense of hit, strike or bring down (a bird), and only fig. (Ecclus ינקשׁ 41:2 c striketh against (ב; marg. ונוקשׁ), so נוקשׁ ב 13:2c; NH knock, strike e.g. the knees, or a door (so Hiph.); Aram. (incl. BAram.) נְקַשׁ id., ܢܩܰܫ fixit, impegit, percussit, etc. (Ar. نَقَشَ strike in, carve, etc., is loan-wd. Frä:194);—the Heb. vb. appar. means bring down with a [certain kind of] stick, perh. like a boomerang, v. descript. and illustr. in Wilkinson:Ægypten 323 WMM:Asien u. Europa 123 f.);—Qal Pt. נוֹקֵשׁ Ps 9:17 he (י׳) striketh down the wicked (so Hup-Now De Che); Vrss Ol Ew Bae Kau We Buhl:Lex rd. נוֹקַשׁ, Niph. fr. יקשׁ. Niph. Impf. 2 ms. תִּנָּקֵשׁ אַחֲרֵיהֶם Dt 12:30 lest thou be thrust (impelled) after them. Pi. Impf. יְנַקֵּשׁ Ps 109:11 let the creditor strike at, take aim at (ל); 3 mpl. וַיְנַקְּשׁוּ 38:13 (abs.). Hithp. Pt. מִתְנַקֵּשׁ בְּנַפְשִׁי 1 S 28:9 why art thou striking at my life?

I, II. נֵר, נִר, (נִיר) v. נור p. 632f

נֵרְגָ֑ל n.pr.div. (Ph. נרגל CIS:i.119. 2)—worshipped by men of Cuth, 2 K 17:30 (v. Schr:COT 2 K 17:30 Jen:Kosmol. 476–490 Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi (1892), 168).

נֵרְגַּל שַׂרְאֶ֫חֶר n.pr.m. (so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. שַׁר׳), chief soothsayer (רַב־מָָג) in train of Nebuchad. Je 39:3a (del. Gie, plausibly) v:3b, 39:13 (cf. Schr:COT ad loc.).

נִרְגָּן v. רגן p. 920

נֵרְדְּ n.m., nard, an odorif. plant fr. India (via Persia) (Skr. naladâ; Pers. nârdîn; Sab. Ar. transp. رَنْد acc. to DHM:Burgen u. Schlōsser 975 (SB xcvii) v. also Sab. Denkm:82; Gk. νάρδος [so LXX] (through Semites) Lewy:Fremdwörter 40; cf. Löw:No. 316 Lag:M. ii. 25);—abs. נ׳ Ct 4:14; sf. נִרְדִּי תַן רֵיחוֹ 1:12; pl. נְרָדִים 4:13.

נֵרִיָּה v. נֵר sub נור p. 633

נָשָׂא vb. lift, carry, take (NH = BH; Ph. נשא id. Lzb:326; As. našû, id. Dl:HWB 484; BAram. נְשָׂא (rare); Syr. in ܡܰܐܣܰܐܬܳܐ scales; Palm. נסא, נשא n.pr. Lzb:326 Cook:81, 83 (cp. נשׁא forget); Ar. نَشَأَ intrans. rise, be high, etc.; Sab. in n.pr., e.g. CIS:iv. 5. 1; also נשא vb. Hal:Rev. Sem. iv (1896), 69 Min. נשא take, Hom:Südar. Chrest. 128; Eth. na40a: suscipere, tollere Di:635, so O Eth., DHM:Epigr. Denkm. aus Abess. (1894), 52);—Qal:599 Pf. נ׳ Gn 13:6 +; 2 ms. נָשָׂאתָ 1 K 2:26 +, נֶשָׂאתָה Nu 14:19, sf. נְשָׂאתַ֫נִי Ps 102:11; 2 fs. sf. נְשָֹׂאתִים Ez 16:58; 3 pl. נָֽשְׂאוּ 2 S 18:28 +, נָשׂוּא Ps 139:20, וְנָשׂוּ consec. Ez 39:26, sf. נְשָׂאוּם 2 Ch 12:11, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂא Gn 32:21 +, וַיִּשָּׂא 13:10 +, sf. יִשָּׂאֵהוּ Dt 32:11+; 3 mpl. יִשְׂאוּ Ho 4:8 +, יִשָָּׂאוּ Hb 2:6 +, וַיִּשְׂאוּ Ju 2:4 +; sf. יִשָּׂאֻנוּ Is 64:5; 3 fpl. תִּשֶּׂ֫נָה Je 9:17, וַתִּשֶּׂ֫אנָה Ru 1:9, וַתִּשֶּׂ֫נָה Zc 5:9, Ru 1:14; 2 fpl. תִּשֶּׂ֫אינָה Ez 23:49, etc.; Imv. ms. שָׂא Gn 13:14 +, נְשָׂא Ps 10:12, נְסָה 4:7; sf. שָׂאֵהוּ Nu 11:12, 2 K 4:19; fs. שְׂאִי Gn 21:18 +, etc.; Inf. abs. נָשׂוֹא Je 10:5, נָשׂא Ho 1:6 + 2 t.; cstr. נְשׂא Is 1:14 2 t., שׂוֹא Ps 89:10, (rd. perh. שְׁאוֹן roar Ri Bi Che, cf. Hi שׁוֹא), usu. שְׂאֵת Gn 4:7 +; sf. נָשְׂאִי Ps 28:2, שְׂאֵתִי Je 15:15, Ps 89:51, etc.; Aramaizing Inf. לְמַשְׂאוֹת Ez 17:9 (si vera l.; Co Berthol לְיוֹם שְׂאֵת); Pt. act. נשֵֹׁא Ex 34:7 +, f. נשְֹׁאֵת 1 K 10:22, נשֵֹׁאת Est 2:15, etc.; pass. cstr. נְשׂוּא Is 3:3 +, נְשׂוּי Ps 32:1, etc.;—

1. lift, lift up: a. lit., c. acc. pers. vel rei; the food lifts ark Gn 7:17 (J), י׳ lifts standard (נֵס) Is 5:26, 11:12 + (oft. sq. ל pers.), rod Is 10:26, c. עַל against v:24, חֶרֶב אֶל־ נ׳ Mi 4:3 = Is 2:4, etc.;—esp. lift in order to hold, carry away, etc. Gn 21:18 (E), Ju 9:48, Am 6:10, 2 S 2:32, 4:4, 1 K 13:29, 2 K 9:25, 9:26, Ez 3:12, 3:14, 8:3, 11:24 +; lift up wings to fly Ez 10:16, 10:19, 11:22; † רַגְלָיו וַיֵּלֶח נ׳ Gn 29:1 he lifted up his feet and went; lift up, upon (על) Gn 31:17, 42:26 (both E), fig. Jb 31:36; בְּמאֹזְנַיִם נ׳ Jb 6:2 put a thing into scale; בוֹ אָלָה נ׳ put on him (require of him) an oath 1 K 8:31 = 2 Ch 6:22, so van d. H., LXX; correct MT נָשָׁא (Baer Ginsb), but sense hardly possible; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Jb 13:14 I will take up my flesh in my teeth (fig. for hazarding life). b. in many phr., lit. and fig., e.g.: (1) lift up hand; against (ב) 2 S 18:28, 20:21, c. לְ Ps 106:26; אֶל־ (as signal) Is 49:22; abs., in display of power Ps 10:l2; freq. in oath (esp. Ez P; of י׳ usu. sq. inf., oft. + ל pers.) Ex 6:8, Nu 14:30 (both P), Ez 20:5, 20:5, 20:6, 20:15, 20:23, 20:28, 20:42, 36:7, 44:12, 47:14, Ne 9:15, + אֶל־שָׁמַיִם Dt 32:40 lift hand to heaven; in prayer (c. אֶל־) Ps 28:2, La 2:19, so (בְּשִׁמְְ) Ps 63:5, abs. 134:2, and, remarkably, אֶל־מִחְוֹתֶיְ 119:48; also fig. of the deep (תְּהוֹם) Hb 3:10; in blessing Lv 9:22 (P; c. אֶל). (2) lift up one's head = shew boldness, independence Ju 8:28, Zc 2:4, Jb 10:15, Ps 83:3; of another = restore to honour Gn 40:13, 40:20 (E), but lift thy head from off thee (מֵעָלֶיְ), v:19, by word-play;—+ מִבֵּית כֶּלֶא 2 K 25:27 = Je 52:31; fig. of gates, lift up your heads Ps 24:7, 24:9. (3) lift up one's face, countenance (פָּנִים), lit., 2 K 9:32 (אֶל־); sign of good conscience 2 S 2:22 (אֶל־), abs. Jb 11:15; of י׳, sign of favour, פָּנֶיְ אֶל־ נ׳ Nu 6:26 (P; form of benediction); cf. אוֹר נ׳ פָּנֶיְ עַל־ Ps 4:7; esp. lift up face of another (orig. prob. of one prostrate in humility; opp. הֵשִׁיב פָּנִים repel), in various shades of mng.: = grant a request Gn 19:21 (J; + לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה), 1 S 25:35, Jb 42:8, 42:9; = be gracious to, Gn 32:21 (E), Mal 1:8, 1:9; hence phr. נְשׂוּא פָנִים graciously received, held in honour2 K 5:1 (of Naaman), and, as subst., honourable, eminent one Is 3:3, 9:14 (but del. as gloss), Jb 22:8 †; = shew consideration for Dt 28:50, La 4:16; also in bad sense = be unduly influenced by Jb 32:21, and, specif., = shew partiality (towards) Dt 10:17 (denied of י׳), Lv 19:15 (H), Mal 2:9 (בַּתּוֹרָה), Jb 13:8, 13:10, 34:19, Pr 18:5, Ps 82:2 (syn. הִכִּיר פ׳); even פְּנֵי כָל־כֹּפֶר נ׳ Pr 6:35 i.e. regard any bribe. (4) lift up eyes, on high 2 K 19:22 = Is 37:23, cf. Ps 121:1 (אֶל־); לַשָּׁמַיִם Is 51:6 (‖הִבִּיט אֶל־); sq. ה loc. Dt 3:27, 4:19 cf. Ez 8:5, 8:5; toward (אֶל־) idols Ez 18:6, 18:12, 18:15, 33:25, cf. 23:27; toward (אֶל־) י׳ Ps 123:1 (these with implied worship); עֵינֶיהָ אֶל־ נ׳ Gn 39:7 i.e. she gazed at him with desire; usu. + vb. of seeing (35 t.) Gn 13:10, 13:14, 18:2 + (Hex only JE), Is 40:26 (+ מָרוֹם), 49:18, 60:4 (both + סָבִיב), Je 3:2 (+ עַל־). (5) lift up voice (קוֹל), give (loud) utterance Is 52:8, of floods Ps 93:3, + and weep Gn 21:16 (E) 27:38, 29:11 (both J), Ju 2:4, + וַתִּשָּׂא וַיִּתְּנוּ אֶת־קוֹלָם וַיִּבִכוּ Nu 14:1 (P), + 9 t.; + יָרֹ֫נוּ Is 24:14; + קָרָא Ju 9:7; קוֹל om. Is 3:7, 42:2, v:11 (‖יָרֹ֫נוּ); also (6) lift up (+ vb. of saying, usu. אָמַר), oft. of formal and solemn utterance, מָשָׁל נ׳ Nu 23:7, 23:18, 24:3, 24:15, 24:20, 24:21, 24:23, Jb 27:1, 29:1 + עַל Mi 2:4, Hb 2:6, Is 14:4; ונשׂא־בוֹ אָלָה 1 K 8:31 and he shall lift up against him an oath = 2 Ch 6:22 (MT וְנָשָׁא v. Baer Ginsb, but sense difficult; read rather וְנָשָׂא); עָלָיו הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה נ׳ י׳ 2 K 9:25; קִינָה נ׳, + עַל־ Je 7:29, Ez 26:17, 27:2, 28:12, 32:2, + אֶל־ 19:1, 27:32; lift up word Am 5:1 (על, + קִינָה); weeping Je 9:9 (עַל־); lamentation (נְהִי) v:17 (עַל־), reproach Ps 15:3 (עַל־). (7) lift up, take up = utter: name of י׳, לַשָּׁוְא Ex 20:7, 20:7 = Dt 5:11, 5:11 (Decalogue); cf. Ps 139:20 (read prob. שְׁמְֶָ Bö Ol Che Kau); בַּל־אֶשָּׂא שְׁמוֹתָם עַל־שְׂפָתָָי Ps 16:4; בְּרִיתִי עֲלֵי־פִיְ נ׳ Ps 50:16; prob. also שֵׁמַע שָׁוְא נ׳ Ex 23:1 (E). (8) lift up prayer in behalf of (בְּעַד) † 2 K 19:4 = Is 37:4, Je 7:16, 11:14. (9) lift up soul (נֶפֶשׁ), i.e. direct the desire (נֶפֶשׁ 1 d) towards (אל) a thing, Dt 24:15, Pr 19:18, אֶל־עָוֹן Ho 4:8, לַשָּׁוְא Ps 24:4 (cf. Pi. and II. מַשָּׂא 2); אֶל־י׳ Ps 25:1, 86:4, 143:8, so the heart La 3:41. (10) take up (incur) sin, iniquity, (only HP) † Ex 28:43, Nu 18:22, c. עַל for Lv 19:17, 22:9, Nu 18:32 (cf. also 2 b). (11) of heart lifting one up, (inciting), Ex 35:21, 35:26, 36:2 (all P); of presumption 2 K 14:10 = 2 Ch 25:19.—MT appar. requires intrans. or reflex. meaning, lift oneself up, in foll., text dub. in all: Ho 13:1 rd. perh. נָשִׂיא Oort We cf. Now; Na 1:5 Now (after Bi) וַתֵּשָׁא (rd. וַתֵּ֫שֶׁא? √ שׁאה); Ps 89:10 rd. שְׁאוֹן Bi Ri Che; Hb 1:3 יִשָּׂא queried by We Gr Buhl al., cf. Gunkel:Schöpfung 33.

2. Bear, carry: a. lit., a load or burden (usu. acc.) Gn 37:25, 44:1 (both J), 45:23, 45:23 (E), 1 S 10:3, 10:3, 10:3, Je 10:5, 17:21, 17:27 + very oft.; נֹשֵׂא כֵלִים armour-bearer Ju 9:54, 1 S 14:1 + oft. S; bearing weapons 1 Ch 5:18, 12:24, 2 Ch 14:7, 14:7; La 3:27 (עֹל נ׳ fig.), Is 1:14 (fig., cf. d infr.); a 1oud of care, responsibility Dt 1:9, 1:12; share a burden with אֶת־ נ׳ Ex 18:22 (E; no acc.); with ב׳, יִשָּׂא בְשִׁיחִי מִשְׁכָּבִי Jb 7:13 my bed shall carry at (help carry) my grief, Nu 11:17; take up and carry (idolatrous images) Am 5:26, Is 46:7; bear ephod, 1 S 2:28, 14:3 + v:18 (LXX.), 22:18 (v. Dr in Hastings:Dict. 726); in triumph Is 8:4. b. esp. bear guilt, or punishment Gn 4:13 (J, עֲוֹנִי), oft. Ez HP: † עָוֹן נ׳ Lv 5:1, 5:17, 7:18, Nu 5:31, 14:34, cf. 15:31 (all P), Lv 17:16, 19:8, 20:17, 20:19 (H) Ez 14:10, 44:12 (cf. Hiph. Lv 22:16); חֵטְא נ׳ Lv 20:20, 24:15 (H) Nu 9:13 (P), cf. Ez 23:49; cf. כְּלִמָּה נ׳ 16:52, 16:52, עֹנֶשׁ נ׳ Pr 19:19, נ׳ abs. 9:12; …עֲוֹן נ׳ = be responsible for Ex 28:33, Nu 18:1, 18:1 cf., v:23; = bear guilt for others Lv 10:17, 16:22 (of goat; + אֶל־ארץ, cstr. praegn.), Nu 30:16 (all P), Ez 4:4, 4:5, 4:6, cf. זְנוּתֵיכֶם נ׳ Nu 14:33; חֵטְא נ׳ Is 53:12, cf. חֳלָיֵנוּ נ׳ v:4; also …בַּעֲוֹן נ׳ bear at (share in), Ez 18:19, 18:20, 18:20. c. support, sustain, on (על) wings Ex 19:4, Dt 32:11, Ps 91:12 (all fig.); land could not support them Gn 13:6 (J), 36:7 (P). d. endure Je 15:15, 31:19, Ez 36:6, Jb 34:31, Ps 55:13, 69:8, 88:16, Pr 18:14, 30:21; suffer, bear with, permit Jb 21:3. e. bear, carry, וַיִּשָּׂא מֵאֵת פָּנָיו אֲלֵהֶם Gn 43:34 (J) and they (indef.) carried portions from his presence unto them; carry gifts as tribute 2 S 8:2, 8:6; later, bring an offering Ps 96:8 = 1 Ch 16:29, Ez 20:31 (LXX Co בראשׁית; Toy foll. MT). f. carry = contain, hold: bath to hold 1/10 homer Ez 45:11. g. bear fruit, of tree Hg 2:19, Jo 2:22, fig. Ez 36:8; boughs 17:23 (in fig.); produce, yield, of mountains Jb 40:20, Ps 72:3 (both c. לְ for).

3. Take, take away: a. lit. c. מִן 1 S 17:34, Nu 16:15 (unjustly). b. take away, carry off, Ju 21:23, 1 K 15:22 = 2 Ch 16:6, 1 K 18:12, La 5:13, Mi 2:2, Je 49:29 (ל pers.), Is 40:24, 41:16 +; take away head (מֵעַל pers.) Gn 40:19 (v. supr.); sweep away = destroy Jb 32:22 (cf. Niph. 4); life 2 S 14:14. c. take away, guilt, iniquity, transgression, etc., i.e. forgive, c. acc. Gn 50:17 (E), Ex 32:32 (E), 10:17, 34:7 (J), Nu 14:18 (JE), 1 S 15:25, Ho 14:3, Jb 7:21 (‖הֶעֱכִיר עָוֹן), Ps 32:5; + ל pers. Mi 7:18; ל pers., acc. om., Gn 18:20 (J), Nu 14:19 (JE; ‖סלח עָוֹן), Ho 1:6, Is 2:9 (prob. gloss.), Ps 99:8; c. ל of sin Gn 50:17, Ex 23:21 (both E), 1 S 25:28, Ps 25:18; נְשֻׂא עָוֹן Is 33:24; נְשׂוּי־ פֶּשַׁע Ps 32:1. [In this sense נ׳ used in E; סלח in D P; both in J; נ׳ also in early proph., S. and Jb, and in earlier and latest PsalmPsalm; not in Je K Is:2 La Chr Dn, which use סלח; v. Br:Hex. 155.] d. take as wife (usu. c. לְ for), late: Ezr 9:2, 9:12, 10:44, Ne 13:25, 2 Ch 11:21, 13:21, 24:3, Ru 1:4. e. take an enumeration, usu. c. ראֹשׁ sum Ex 30:12, Nu 1:2, 1:49, 4:2, 4:22, 26:2, 32:26, not found32:49 (all P); c. מִסְפָּר Nu 3:40, 1 Ch 27:23. f. take and carry away, receive, Dt 33:3, 1 K 5:23, Ps 24:5; hence, obtain favour (חֶסֶד, חֵן) Est 2:9, 2:17 (both + לִפְנֵי), 5:2 (+ בְּעֵינָיו).—לְמַשְׂאוֹת אוֹתָהּ מִשָּׁרָשֶׁיהָ Ez 17:9 (Co Berthol לְיוֹם שְׂאֵת וגו׳) is usu. rendered plucking it up (tearing it away) by the roots, but dub.; נ׳ not elsewhere in this sense.

Niph. Pf. נִשָּׂא Je 51:9, וַנ׳ consec. Ex 25:28 +; Impf. יִנָּשֵׂא Is 40:4; 3 mpl. יִנּֽשְׂאוּ Ez 1:19, 1:20, 1:21, יִנָּשׂוּא Je 10:5, יִנָּשֵָׂאוּ Pr 30:13; 3 fpl. תִּנָּשֶׂאנָה Is 49:22, etc.; Imv. הִנָּשֵׂא Ps 7:7, 94:2, mpl. הִנָּֽשְׂאוּ Ps 24:7; Inf. הִנָּשֵׂא Ez 1:19, sf. הִנָּֽשְׂאָם Ez 1:21; Pt. נִשָּׂא Is 2:2 +, f. נִשָּׂאָה Is 30:25, נִשֵּׂאת Zc 5:7, 1 Ch 14:2, etc.;—2 S 19:43 is dub., and pt. (O1:§ 192 c Kö:i. 632 f.) inexplicable; rd. נִשּׂא (Inf. abs. Niph.) Dr (cf. Th), or מַשְׂאֵת portion Gr HPS; > Ba:NB 90 thinks נִשֵּׂאת Inf. Niph. with compensative ending;—1. be lifted up, a. lit. Zc 5:7, Ez 1:19, 1:21 (both מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ), v:19, v:20, v:21 (all in vision), of valleys Is 40:4; of gates Ps 24:7 + v:9 b (rd. Niph.); of eyelids Pr 30:13 (superciliousness); metaph. of judgment on Babylon reaching up to the sky (עַד); pt. = elevated, exalted Is 6:1 (of י׳'s throne, in vision); of lofty hills Is 2:14, 30:25, 57:7, cf. Mi 4:1 = Is 2:2 מִן lifted from out the hills), once of trees 2:13 (text dub.); gen., Is 2:12. b. fig., be exalted, of kg., 2 Ch 32:23, kingdom 1 Ch 14:2, servant of י׳ Is 52:13, י׳ himself 57:15. 2. refl. lift oneself up = rise up, of י׳, to display power in judgment: Is 33:10, Ps 94:2. 3. be borne, carried Je 10:5, Ex 25:28 (P), Is 49:22, 66:22.

4. be taken away, carried off, 2 K 20:17 (ה loc.) = Is 39:6; be swept away (of multitude) Dn 11:12 (cf. Bev Behrm, Prince, v. also Qal 3; Ew Hi as 2, v. Dr).

Pi. Pf. נִשֵּׂא 2 S 5:12, נִשָּׂא (anal. of ה ל׳) 2 S 19:43, 1 K 9:11, וְנִשָּׂא consec. Am 4:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְנַשְּׂאֵ֫הוּ Est 3:1, וַיְנַשְּׂאֵם Is 63:9; 3 mpl. sf. יְנַשְּׂאוּהוּ Ezr 1:4; Imv. ms. sf. נַשְּׂאֵם Ps 28:9; Pt. pl. מְנַשְּׂאִים Je 22:27 + 2 t.;—1. lift up = exalt, kingdom 2 S 5:12 (‖ Niph. 1 Ch 14:2), pers. Est 5:11 (עַל), cf. 3:1; = support, aid, assist Ezr 8:36, Est 9:3; c. ב aid with trees (supply with) 1 K 9:11, so Ezr 1:4. 2. fig. נֶפֶשׁ נ׳ = desire, long, Je 22:14, 44:14. 3. carry, bear continuously Is 63:9, Ps 28:9. 4. take, take away 2 S 19:43 (ל for; but v. Niph. supr.); Am 4:2 (ב instr.; We Now וְנָֽשְׂאוּ).—† Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַשָָּׂא Nu 23:24; 3 fs. תִּנַּשֵּׂא 24:7; 2 ms. תִּתְנַשֵּׂא Ez 29:15; 3 mpl. יִנַּשְּׂאוּ Dn 11:14; 2 mpl. תִּתְנַשְּׂאוּ Nu 16:3; Inf. הִתְנַשֵּׂא Ez 17:14, Pr 30:32; Pt. מִתְנַשֵּׂא 1 K 1:5, 1 Ch 29:11; —lift oneself up, like a lion Nu 23:24 (JE); pt. he who exalts himself 1 Ch 29:11 (+ לְכֹל לְראֹשׁ) as human ruler (Kau), > (sc. אַתָּה) of י׳ as ruler; Ew:§ 160 e Ke Be as subst. [inf. of Aram. form], the exaltation; of a kingdom Nu 24:7 (JE), cf. Ez 17:14; in arrogance 1 K 1:5, Nu 16:3 (P; c. עַל־), Ez 29:15 (c. עַל), Pr 30:32, Dn 11:14. † Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. consec. 1. cause one to bear iniquity (2 acc.) וְהִשִּׂ֫יאוּ Lv 22:16. 2. appar. cause to bring, have brought, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ 2 S 17:13 (c. acc. rei + אֶל loc.), but very dub.; Ki Kit Bu וְיָשִׂימוּ HPS וְהֵבִיאוּ; > We הֵשִׂימוּ.

672

נִשֵּׂאת 2 S 19:43 v. נשׂא Niph.. p. 671

† [נְשׂוּאָה] n.f. what is borne about;—pl. sf. נְשֻׂאֹתֵיכֶם עֲמוּסוֹת Is 46:1, your things (formerly) borne about in procession (i.e. idols) are now loaded on beasts for exile.

I. נָשִׂיא:128 n.m. one lifted up, i.e. a chief prince;—abs. נ׳ Ex 22:27 +; cstr. נְשִׂיא Gn 23:6 +; pl. נְשִׂיאִים Jos 22:32 +, נְשִׂיאִים Jos 22:32 +, נְשִׂאִים Ex 34:31 + 7 t., נְשִׂיאִם Gn 17:20 + 3 t., נְשִׂאִם Ex 35:27; cstr. נְשִׂיאֵי Ex 16:22 +; sf. נְשִׂיאַי Ez 45:8, נְשִׂיאֶיהָ Ez 32:29, נְשִׂיאֵיהֶם Nu 17:21, נְשִׂיאֵהֶם v:17, etc.;—mostly in Isr.:

1. בְּעַמְְּ נ׳ of any chief man, Ex 22:27 (E; human ruler, over ag. אֱלֽהִים).

2. of Solom. 1 K 11:34. Elsewhere only Ez P Chr:—

3. of Abr. Gn 23:6, and heads of Ishmaelite tribes 17:20, 25:16.

4. rulers of the congregation, נְשִׂיאֵי הָעֵדָה Ex 16:22, Jos 9:15, 9:18, 22:30, בָּעֵדָה הַנּ׳ 34:31, cf. 35:27, Lv 4:22, Jos 9:18 b, 9:19, 9:21, 9:21, 17:4, 22:14, 22:14, 22:14, 22:32 (all P); esp.

5. tribal chiefs and representatives, acc. to the religious organization of P, Nu 1:16, 1:44, 2:3 + 57 t. Nu (esp. chaps. 2, 7, 34; note נְשִׂיא נְשִׂיאֵי הַלֵּוִי 3:32); cf. 1 Ch 2:10, 4:38, 5:6, 7:40, 2 Ch 1:2, also 1 K 8:1 (prob. gloss, om. LXX Benz), 2 Ch 5:2.

6. in Ezek,: a. of Zedekiah (for מֶלֶךְ v. Böhmer:8K 1900, 112 ff.), 7:27, 12:10, 12:12, 21:30, + 19:1 (rd. sg. LXX Ew Hi Co Berthol Toy). b. chief men of Judah 21:17, 22:6, 45:8, 45:9. c. future Davidic kg. 34:24, 37:25, cf. 44:3, 44:3 + 16 t. Ez 45, 46, 48. d. foreign princes 26:16, 27:21, 30:13, 32:29, 38:2, 38:3, 39:1, 39:18.

7. leader of exiles returning under Cyrus, acc. to Ezr 1:8.

8. non-Isr. chiefs in P: Gn 34:2, Nu 25:18, Jos 13:21.

† II. [נָשִׂיא] n.[m.] rising mist, vapour (Ar. نَشْءُ, نَشِيْءُ);—only pl. נְשִׂאִים vapours, forming clouds, and portending rain, Je 10:13 = 51:16, Ps 135:7, נְשִׂיאִים Pr 25:14.

† II. מַשָּׂא n.m.:Ps 38:5 load, burden, lifting, bearing, tribute;—מ׳ abs. Ne 13:19 +; cstr. 2 K 5:17 +; sf. מַשָּׂאוֹ Ex 23:5 + 2 t.; מַשַּׂאֲכֶם Dt 1:12; מַשָּׂאָם Nu 4:27 + 2 t.;—

1. load, burden of ass Ex 23:5 (E), mules 2 K 5:17, camels 8:9, cf. Is 46:1, 46:2; hanging on a peg Is 22:25 (fig.); forbidden on Sabbath Je 17:21, 17:22, 17:24, 17:27, Ne 13:15, 13:19; fig. of people as burden Nu 11:11, 11:17 (JE), Dt 1:12, cf. עַל־ הָיָה לְמ׳ 2 S 15:33, 19:36 (אֶל־), also וָאֶהְיֶה עָלַי לְמַשָּׂא Jb 7:20; of iniquities Ps 38:5.—Ho 8:10 rd. מְשֹׁחַ, so LXX We Now GASm.

2. n. verb., lifting, uplifting, only נַפְשָׁם מ׳ Ez 24:25 the uplifting of their soul, i.e. that to which they lift up their soul, their heart's desire.

3. n. verb., bearing, carrying, Nu 4:24 (+ לַעֲבֹד), 2 Ch 20:25, 35:3 (בַּכָּתֵף), so prob. 1 Ch 15:22, 15:22, 15:27 (cf. Be Kau; > singing, uplifting of voice, e.g. Öt); esp. of responsibility and duty of bearing sacred vessels (oft. ‖עֲבֹדָה, פְּקֻדָּה) Nu 4:15, 4:19, 4:27, 4:27, 4:49, עֲבֹדַת מ׳ v:47, מִשְׁמֶרֶת מ׳ v:31; v:32.

4. perhaps what is carried, brought, i.e. tribute כֶּסֶף מ׳ 2 Ch 17:11 silver as tribute (+ מִנְחָה; cf. נשׂא Qal; others, silver by the load i.e. in great quantity).—1. מַשָּׂא v. supr. P. 601 b.

†III. מַשָּׂא n.m.:Is 14:28 utterance, oracle (cf. נשׂא 1 b (6); Gf:Je 23:33);—מ׳ abs. Is 14:28 +; usu. cstr. 13:1 +;—of prophetic utterance: 2 K 9:25, Is 14:28, Ez 12:10, 2 Ch 24:27 (c. עַל); בָבֶל מ׳ Is 13:1, מוֹאָב מ׳ 15:1, cf. 17:1, 19:1, 21:1, 21:11, 22:1, 23:1, 30:6, Na 1:1; בערב מ׳ Is 21:13 is later ins. (Di); מ׳ = revelation, אֲשֶׁר חָזָה חֲבַקּוּק הַנָּבִיא הַמּ׳ Hb 1:1; י׳ מ׳ utterance of י׳ Je 23:33, 23:34, 23:36, 23:38, 23:38, 23:38 (cf. 2 K 9:25), vid. also v:33 b (rd. אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא), with word-play,—sq. וְנָטַשְׁתִּי v:36 b; דְבַר י׳ מ׳ Zc 9:1 (+ בארץ), 12:1 (+ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל), Mal 1:1 (+ אֶל־יִשׂ׳).—Pr 31:1 v. 1. מַשָּׂא, p. 601 supr.; in 30:1 rd. מִמַּשָּׂא from Massa (Mühlau, De), or הַמַּשָּׂאִי (Wild), which however is perhaps not original, but borrowed from 31:1 (cf. Wild:ad loc. Frankenberg:Spr. p. 5; corrupt name of Agur's home or tribe, Kau).

673

מַשּׂא n.m. lifting up;—only cstr. פָנִים מ׳ 2 Ch 19:7 = regarding of persons (partiality, see √ 1 a (3); ‖מִקַּח־שֹׁחַד).

מַשָּׂאָה n.f. the uplifted (cloud);—כֹּבֶד מ׳ Is 30:27 weight of uplifted clouds.

מַשְׂאֵת n.f. uprising, utterance, burden, portion (on format. cf. O1:§ 109 a Sta:§ 272 b Kö:ii. 1, 183; Ph. (Pun) has משאת = payment, tax v. Lzb:326);—abs. מ׳ Ju 20:40 +; cstr. מַשְׂאַת Gn 43:34 +; pl. abs. מַשְׂאֹת Gn 43:34, + (prob.) מַשְׂאוֹת La 2:14 (v.infr.); cstr. מַשְׂאֹת Gn 43:34; —

1. that which rises, uprising, uplifting: a. הֶעָשָׁן מ׳ Ju 20:38 uprising of smoke, cf. (הֶע׳ om.) v:40. b. in gen. = signal Je 6:1 (= נֵס Gf.). c. uplifting of hands (כַּפַּי) in prayer Ps 141:2 (‖תְּפִלָּה).

2. utterance, oracle (= III. מַשָּׂא), La 2:14 (Bu Löhr).

3. burden Zp 3:18 (of reproach, fig.).

4. a. portion (carried to some one), esp. from table of king or superior, Gn 43:34, 43:34, 43:34 (J; on custom v. Di and reff.), 2 S 11:8; so rd. perh. also 2 S 19:43 (for MT נִשֵּׂאת) Gr HPS. b. perh. also more gen., present, largess from a superior Je 40:5 ( + אֲרֻחָה food-allowance), Est 2:18 (כְּיַד הַמֶּלֶח). c. exacted or enforced gift, from inferior, בַּר מ׳ Am 5:11 (cf. Ph. supr.; v. also מנחה). d. sacred contribution, tax משֶׁה מ׳ (י׳) עֶבֶד 2 Ch 24:6, 24:9. e. offering to י׳ Ez 20:40.

† [שִׂיא] n.m. loftiness, fig. of pride:—אִם־יַעֲלֶה לַשָּׁמַיִם שִׂיאוֹ Jb 20:6 (of wicked).

שִׂיאֹן n.pr.mont., i.e. Hermon, הַר שׂ׳ הוּא חֶרְמוֹן Dt 4:48 (cf. Di Dr).

שְׂאֵת n.f. 1. exaltation, dignity. 2. swelling. 3. uprising;—שׂ׳ abs. Gn 4:7 +, cstr. Lv 13:28 +; sf. שְׂאֵתוֹ Jb 13:11 +; שֵּׂתוֹ(מִ) 41:17; —

1. dignity Gn 49:3 (dignity of first-born), Ps 62:5, of Chaldeans Hb 1:7; of God, his exaltation, loftiness Jb 13:11, 31:23.

2. swelling, eruption, בְּעוֹר בֶּשָׂר Lv 13:2 ( + סַפַּחַת, בַּהֶרֶת ), cf. 14:56 (+ id.); also 13:10, 13:10, 13:19, 13:28, הַנֶּגַע v:43 (all P).

3. uprising, Jb 41:17 at his uprising the mighty are in dread.

4. Gn 4:7 is dub.;—is there not acceptance ? SyrVer Vulgate al.; forgiveness Targum Holz al.; uplifting of countenance, cheerfulness, Ew De Ke Di Kau.

† [נָשַׂג] vb. only Hiph. reach, overtake (Ecclus 14:13 והשיגת ידך, 35:10 ובהשגת יד (cf. Schechter on 14:13), cf. 3 infr.; ישיג מענה 32:14 shall obtain an answer;Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהִשִּׂיג consec. Lv 25:6, sf. וְהִשִּׂיגוֹ consec. Dt 19:6; 2 ms. sf. וְהִשַּׂגְתָּם consec. Gn 44:4, etc.; Impf. יַשִּׂיג Lv 26:5, וַיַּשֵּׂג Gn 31:25, sf. וַיַּשִּׂגֵם Gn 44:26, etc.; Inf. abs. הַשֵּׂג 1 S 30:8; Pt. מַשִּׂיג 1 S 14:26, sf. מַשִּׂיגֵ֫הוּ Jb 41:18; f. מַשֶּׂגֶת Lv 14:21, 1 Ch 21:12 (but rd. וְאִם הֱיוֹת as ‖ 2 S 24:13 We:Sm Kit);—

1. overtake, c. acc., oft. after רָדַף: a. lit. Gn 31:25 (E), 44:4, 44:6 (J), Ex 14:9 (P), 15:9 (song), Dt 19:6, Jos 2:5 (JE), 1 S 30:8, 30:8, 30:8, 2 S 15:14, 2 K 25:5 = Je 39:5 = 52:8, Ho 2:9, cf. Ps 7:6, 18:38 (וָאַשְׁמִידֵם in ‖ 2 S 22:38), La 1:3 (metaph.). b. fig. of battle Ho 10:9, sword Je 42:16; on 1 Ch 21:12 v. supr.; of blessings Dt 28:2, curses v:15; v:45, predictions Zc 1:6, justice Is 59:9, wrath of י׳ Ps 69:25, iniquities 40:13, calamities Jb 27:20.

2. a. reach, attain to, Jb 41:18 (if one) reach it (crocodile) with the sword (2 acc.); fig. paths of life Pr 2:19, joy, etc., Is 35:10 also 51:11 (Che:Hpt יַשִּׂיגוּם, for MT יַשִּׂיגוּן; Perles:Analekten 64 יִשְׂגּוּן, fr. שׂגה); of time Gn 47:9 my days have not reached the days ... of my fathers, cf. Lv 26:5, 26:5. b. cause to reach, bring, put, מַשִּׂיג יָדוֹ אֶל־פִּיו 1 S 14:26 no one put his hand to his mouth, but rd. מֵשִׁיב LXX Targum Klo Dr Bu Kit HPS Löhr.

3. fig. הִשִּׁיגָה יָדוֹ one's hand has reached, i.e. one is able, or has enough, Lv 5:11 (c. לְ), 14:21, 25:26, 25:49; c. acc. = able to secure, get 14:22, 14:30, 14:31, 14:32, 27:8, Nu 6:21 (all P), Ez 46:7; abs. = gain (riches) Lv 25:47 (H).—Jb 24:2 v. סוּג.

נשׂק v. שׂלק. p. 969

נשׂר (√ of foll.; NH נָסַר saw (Qal Pi.); Aram. נְסַר, ܢܣܰܪ saw; cf. Eth. wa3ara: id.; Ar.مِنشَارُ n. a saw).

מַשּׂוֹר n.m. saw;—abs. Is 10:15.

† I. [נָשָׁא] vb. lend on interest, or usury, be a creditor (cf. Ar. نَسَأَ postpone, delay; sell on credit; ‖ form of I. נָשָׁה, v. Ges:§ 75 oo);—Qal Pt. act. נשֶׁא (anal. ה ל׳) 1 S 22:2 every man that had a creditor; אֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֹ Is 24:2 against whom is a ceditor, and pl. נשְׁאִים Ne 5:7 Kt (נשִׁים Qr, from נָשָׁה), + acc. cogn. מַשָּׁא. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. לאֹ־יַשִּׁיא אוֹיֵב בּוֹ Ps 89:23 an enemy shall not act the creditor against him, make exactions of him (‖יְעַנֶּנּוּ).—1 K 8:31, 2 Ch 6:22 v. נשׂא Qal 1 b (5).

מַשָּׁא n.m.:Ne 5:10 lending on interest, or usury;—Ne 5:7 (as acc. cogn.), v:10.

† [מַשָּׁאָה] n.f. loan (on pledg);—cstr. כִּי תַשֶּׁה בְרֵעְֲ מַשַּׁאת מְאוּמָה Dt 24:10; pl. עֹרְבִים מַשָּׁאוֹת Pr 22:26 those pledging (giving security for) debts.

674

†II. נָשָׁא vb. only Niph. Hiph. beguile, deceive;—(kindred with I. שׁוא, from which, however, the forms can hardly be derived (conj. We:Comp. 2. 351));—Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִשְּׁאוּ Is 19:13 the princes have been beguiled (‖נוֹאֲלוּ, הִתְעוּ). Hiph. Pf. הִשִּׁיא Je 49:16, sf. הִשִּׁאַ֫נִי Gn 3:13, הִשִּׁיאְֶָ Ob:3; 2 ms. הִשֵּׁאתָ Je 4:10; 3 pl. sf. הִשִּׁיא֫וְּ Ob:7; Impf. only juss. יַשִּׁיא 2 Ch 32:15, so Ps 55:16 Qr (v. infr.); יַשִּׁא 2 K 18:29, Is 36:14, sf. יַשִּׁאְֲ 2 K 19:10, Is 37:10; 2 mpl. תַּשִּׁאוּ Je 37:9; Inf. abs. הַשֵּׁא Je 4:10; —beguile, usu. c. acc. pers. Gn 3:13 (J; not elsewh. Hex); Je 49:16, Ob:3, Ob:7; אַל־יַשִּׁאְֲ 2 K 19:10 let not thy God beguile thee = Is 37:10, of Hezekiah 2 Ch 32:15 (cf. infr.), אַל־תַּשִּׁאוּ נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Je 37:9 do not deceive yourselves; also sq. ל pers. אַל־יַשִּׁא לָכֶם 2 K 18:29 = Is 36:14 (= 2 Ch 32:15, v. supr.), Je 29:8; הַזֶּה הַשֵּׁא הִשֵּׁאתָ לָעָם 4:10 thou hast utterly beguiled this people; ישׁימות עָלֵימוֹ Ps 55:16 Kt appar. = desolations (be) upon them! (but elsewh. only in n.pr.loc., cf. p. 445 supr.), < Qr יַשִּׁיא מָוֶת עלימו Ew Ol Pe De Now:Hup, cf. LXX, let death (beguile them, i.e.) come deceitfully upon them! Brüll Che, cf. Bae, conj. plausibly יַשִּׁיא מָוֶת יִבְלָעֵמוֹ.

מַשָּׁאוֹן n.[m.] guile, dissimulation ( > acc. to Lag:BN 196 der. fr. מַשָּׁא, lending on usury); תִּכַּסֶּה שִׂנְאָה בְּמַשָּׁאוֹן Pr 26:26 hatred may hide itself with dissimulation.

מַשּׁוּאוֹת n.f.pl. deceptions Ps 73:18, 74:3, but meaning not suitable; read prob. מְשׁוֹאוֹת, v. מְשׁוֹאָה sub שׁוא (so Klo Now:Hup Bae). P. 996

III. [נָשָׁא] forget, v. II. נָשָׁה. below

† [נָשַׁב] vb. blow (NH = BH; Targum נְשַׁב (but also נְחַב), Syr. ܢܫܰܒ, all blow; ‖ form of נָשַׁף);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. נָֽשְׁבָה בּוֹ רוּחַ י׳ Is 40:7 the breath of י׳ has blown upon it. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַשֵּׁב רוּחַ Ps 147:18 he causes his wind to blow; וַיַּשֵּׁב אֹתָם Gn 15:11 and he drove them away (perh. orig. blow away, drive away by blowing, or by a sound like blowing).

†I. נָשָׁה vb. lend, become a creditor (cf. I. נשׁא);—Qal Pf. 1 s. נָשִׁ֫יתִי Je 15:10; 3 pl. נָשׁוּ v:10; Pt. נשֶׁה Ex 22:24 + 4 t.; pl. נשִׁים Ne 5:10, 5:11 + v:7 Qr (Kt נשְׁאִים, v. I. נשׁא), sf. נוֹשַׁי Is 50:1; —lend, usu. c. ב pers.: לאֹ־נָשִׁיתִי וְלאֹ־נָשׁוּ־בִי Je 15:10 I have not lent, and they have not lent to me, Dt 24:11, Ne 5:7 (Qr; + acc. cogn.), v:10, v:11 (both + acc. rei); pt. as subst. creditor, usurer Ex 22:24 (E), 2 K 4:1, Is 24:2, 50:1, Ps 109:11. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַשֶּׁה בְּ Dt 15:2 who lendeth to his neighbour; 2 ms. תַּשֶּׁה בְּ 24:10 when thou lendest to thy neighbour (+ acc. cogn.).

† [נְשִׁי] n.[m.] debt;—only sf. 2 fs. נשׁיכי Kt, נַשְׁיֵח Qr 2 K 4:7 (so Baer; van d.H. Ginsb נִשְׁיֵח) pay (שַׁלְּמִי) thy debt.

† [מַשֶּׁה] n.m. loan;—only cstr. שָׁמוֹט כָּל־ בַּעַל מַשֵּׁה יָדוֹ אֲשֶׁר יַשֶּׁה בְּרֵעֵהוּ Dt 15:2 every possessor of a loan of his hand shall renounce what he lends to his neighbour (cf. Dr).

†II. [נָשָׁה] vb. forget (NH id.; As. nišîtu perh. forgottenness Dl:HWB 486; Aram. נְשָׁא (esp. Ithpe., Aph.), ܢܫܳܐ forget; Ar. نَسِيَ forget, neglect; cf. Eth. n4h.laya: ignoscere, condonare, indulgere Di:633);—Qal Pf. 1 s. וְנָשִׁיתִי אֶתְכֶם נָשׁאֹ Je 23:39 I will forget you finally (but LXX Vulgate SyrVer Che Gie וְנָשָׂאתִי, sq. וְנָטַשְׁתִּי as v:33 b, v. III. מַשָּׂא); נָשִׁיתִי טוֹבָה La 3:17 I have forgotten prosperity; Impf. 1 s. הַאֶשֶּׁה shall I forget ? i.e. overlook, rd. by We Mi 6:10 plausibly for MT הַאִשׁ; Inf. abs. נָשׁאֹ (א ל׳) Je 23:39 (v. supr.). Niph. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תִּנָּשֵׁנִי Is 44:21 thou shalt not be forgotten of me, but dub.; Ges:§ 117* תִּנְשֵׁנִי (Qal); Che:Hpt תִּטְּשֵׁנִי (cf. Dt 32:15). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. sf. נַשַּׁ֫נִי Gn 41:51 (E) God hath made me forget + acc. rei (ַ in 1st syllable only here, infl. of מְנַשֶּׁה Ges:§ 52 m). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הִשָּׁהּ חָכְמָה Jb 39:17 God caused her (the ostrich) to forget wisdom, i.e. did not endow her with it. Impf. יַשֶּׁה לְְ מִן־ Jb 11:6 Eloah allows a part of thy guilt to be forgotten thee, i.e. does not reckon it to thee in full (LXX = יִשְׁוֶה לְְ מֵאֱלוֹהַּ כַּעֲוֹנְֶ֑ [Du] there is equivalent to thee from Eloah, acc. to thine iniquity, cf. Bi Che:Job and Sol.; Bu reads נָשָׁה for יַשֶּׁה; Du rejects ver. as gloss).

נְשִׁיָּה n.f. forgetfulness, oblivion, אֶרֶץ נ׳ Ps 88:13 (‖חשֶׁח), designation of שְׁאוֹל (cf. v:11; v:12).

יִשִּׁיָּהוּ, יִשִּׁיָּה n.pr.m. 1.יִשִּׁיָּהוּ 1 Ch 12:7 (van d.H. v:6) one of David's heroes, LXX Ιησουνει, A. Ιεσια, LXXL Ιεσσουε. 2. יִשִּׁיָּה, a man of Issachar 1 Ch 7:3, LXX Εισια, Ιεσια, LXXL Ιωσια (and so in foll.). 3. Levites: a. 1 Ch 23:20, 24:25, 24:25. b. 1 Ch 24:21, LXX Ισεια, etc. 4. one of those strange wives Ezr 10:31, LXX Ιεσσ(ε)ια.

נָשֶׁה n.[m.] a vein (or nerve) in the thigh (etym. dub.; on format. cf. Lag:BN 50; Ar. نَسَنا appar. the portion of the principal vein of the leg which is in the thigh, vulg. sciatic vein, or (mod.) sciatic nerve and even sciatica, Lane:3033);—only גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה Gn 32:33 a the sinew of the thigh-vein (or thigh-nerve, אֲשֶׁר עַל־כַּף הַיָּרֵח), cf. v:33 b.—On sacredness of thigh, cf. RS:Sem i. 360; 2nd ed. 380 We:Heid (2), 168.

675

נָשִׁים v. אִשָּׁה p. 61 supr.

נָשַׁךְ vb. bite (NH = BH, but also transp. נְכַשׁ Hiph.); As. našâku Dl:HWB 486; Targum נְכֵית (esp. of snakes); Syr. ܢܟܰܬ, ܢܟܶܬ; Eth. nasaka: Di:642; Ba:ZMG xliii (1889), 188 cp. Ar. نَكَشَ, undo threads, untwist rope, disintegrate, dissolve);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָשַׁךְ Nu 21:9, sf. וּנְשָׁכוֹ consec. Am 5:19, וּנְשָׁכָם consec. 9:3; Impf. 3 ms. יִשֹּׁח Ec 10:11, יִשָָּׁח Pr 23:32, sf. יִשְּׁכֶנּוּ Ec 10:8; Pt. act. נשֵׁךְ Gn 49:17; pl. נשְׁכִים Mi 3:5, sf. נשְׁכֶיְ Hb 2:7; pass. נָשׁוּח Nu 21:8; —bite, chiefly of serpent, c. acc., Am 5:19, 9:3, Gn 49:17 (poem in J), Nu 21:8 (pt. pass., abs.), v:9, Ec 10:8 also v:11 (abs.), Pr 23:32 (sim. of wine); fig. of prophets בְּשִׁנֵּיהֶם הַנּ׳ Mi 3:5 who are biting with their teeth, and crying, Peace! fig. of oppression, etc., נשְׁכֶיְ Hb 2:7 (with play on sense thy debtors, those that give thee interest). Pi. Pf. 3 pl. וְנִשְּׁכוּ אֶתְכֶם Je 8:17 and they shall bite you fatally (fig.); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְנַשְּׁכוּ אֶת־הָעָם Nu 21:5 and they bit the people fatally (both of serpents).

נֶ֫שֶׁךְ n.[m.] interest, usury (lit. something bitten off);—נ׳ abs. Ex 22:24 +; cstr. Dt 23:20; —c. שִׂים עַל־ Ex 22:24 (E); c. לָקַח מִן Lv 25:36, הֵשִׁיב מִן Ez 18:17, לָקַח 22:12 (no prep.), בְּנֶשֶׁךְ Lv 25:37 at interest, so Ps 15:5, Ez 18:8, 18:13; בְּנ׳ Pr 28:8 by usury; as acc. cogn. Dt 23:20, 23:20, 23:20.

† [נָשַׁךְ] vb. denom. pay, give interest (cf. Gerber:Verba denom. 89);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִשָָּׁח Dt 23:20 interest of anything off which one giveth interest (cf. Dr). Hiph. make one give interest; Impf. 2 ms. תַּשִּׁיךְ Dt 23:20 ( + acc. cogn.) v:21, v:21, all c. לְ pers.

נִשְׁכָּה n.f. chamber (rare ‖ of לִשְׁכָּה, q.v.; cf. W:SG 67);—abs. נ׳ Ne 13:7, sf. נִשְׁכָּתוֹ Ne 3:30, both rooms of individuals; pl. abs. נְשָׁכוֹת 12:44 (Chr) = treasuries, storehouses.

נָשַׁל vb. 1. intrans. slip or drop off; also trans.: 2. draw off. 3. clear away (NH נָשַׁל prob. intrans., Qal not used, but n. נְשִׁילָה a falling off, etc.; Pi. Hiph. cast off, let fall off, Niph. be cast off, fall off; Targum Aph. אַשֵּׁיל cast out (fr. house); Ar. نَسَلَ excidit pluma, etc.; but also trans., avis mutavit rejecitque plumas (Frey);—نَشَلَ celeriter extraxit, etc., is denom. fr. loan-word acc. to Frä:88);—Qal Pf. וְנָשַׁל consec. Dt 7:1 + 2 t.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשַּׁל Dt 28:40; Imv. ms. שַׁל Ex 3:5, Jos 5:15; —

1. slip or drop off, וְנָשַׁל הַבַּרְזֶל מִן־הָעֵץ Dt 19:5 and the iron slippeth off from the wood (i.e. axe-head from helve); יִשַּׁל זֵיתְֶָ Dt 28:40 thine olives shall drop off (abs.).

2. draw off sandal fr. (מֵעַל) foot Ex 3:5 (E), Jos 5:15 (JE).

3. clear away nations מִפָּנֶיְ Dt 7:1, 7:22. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. וַיְנַשֵּׁל 2 K 16:6 he cleared the Jews entirely out of (מִן) Elath.

† [נשׁם] vb. pant (NH in nn. נְשִׁימָה, נְשָׁמָה, Targum נִשְׁמָא, נִשְׁמְתָא; late Aram. Ithpe.; Syr ܢܫܰܡ breathe, blow; Ar. نَسَمَ gently breathe (of wind), etc.; v. seek a thing with labour and perseverance (Lane:3032); نَسَمَةُ a soul, Lane:ib.);—pant, of the deep and strong breathing of a woman in travail; Qal Impf. 1 S. אֶשֹּׁם Is 42:14.

נְשָׁמָה n.f. breath;—נ׳ Dt 20:16 + 9 t.; cstr. נִשְׁמַת (cf. Lag:BN 82) Gn 2:7 + 10 t.; sf. נִשְׁמָתִי Jb 27:3; נִשְׁמָתוֹ Jb 34:14; pl. נְשָׁמוֹת Is 57:16; —

1. breath of God as hot wind kindling a flame Is 30:33; as destroying wind 2 S 22:16 = Ps 18:16, Jb 4:9; as cold wind producing ice Jb 32:8, 33:4.

2. breath of man 1 K 17:17, Is 42:5, Jb 27:3, Dn 10:7; breath of life נשׁמת חיים Gn 2:7 (J); cf. נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים Gn 7:22 (J); as breathed in by God it is God's breath in man Jb 34:14, 36:4; and is characteristic of man אדם אשׁר נשׁמה באפו Is 2:22 man in whose nostrils is but a breath (late gloss).

3. syn.