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ע

ע, ï‘ Ayin, sixteenth letter; used as numeral 70 in postB. Heb.

עבב (√ of foll., cf. Kö:ii. 1, 40; meaning unknown).

† I. עָב, [עֹב] n. m. archit. term, meaning unknown; projecting roof is conjectured (Sm Co Berthol); others landing (Da); AV RV thick beam or plank, RVm threshold; Benz Kit Toy leave untranslated; in any case a structure of wood;—abs. וְעַמֻּדִים וְעָב 1 K 7:6; appar. cstr. וְעָב עֵץ אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאוּלָם מֵהַחוּץ Ez 41:25; pl. (si vera l.) הָעֻבִּים v:26.

II. עָב v. עוּב. p. 728

עָבַד:290 vb. work, serve (OAram. עבד do make, esp. Nab. Palm. (oft.), Lzb:331 f. Cook:86, so Targum עֲבַד, Syr. (very oft.); but also OAram. Ph. עבד slave, vassal (and in many n. pr.), Targum עַבְדָּא, Syr. ܥܣܰܒܕܳܐ id.; As. abdu, id. (rare); NH עָבַד serve, performs acts of worship (c. acc. cogn.), and deriv.; Ar. عَبَدَ worship, obey (God); cf. We:Skizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141, II. enslave; عَبْدُ slave, worshiper; Sab. עבד id. DHM:Südar. Alt. p. 18; Gerber:Verb. Denom. 14 ff. thinks be slave, serve (Qal) and enslave (Hiph.) are denom., cf. also Nö:ZMG xl (1886), 741);—Qal:272 Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Ez 29:18 +; sf. עֲבָדוֹ Mal 3:18 +; 3 mpl. עָֽבְדוּ Dt 7:4; עָבָָדוּ Nu 4:26, + 64 t. Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹד Gn 25:23 +; sf. יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Ex 4:23; יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ Ps 22:31, 2 K 10:18; 3 mpl. יַעַבְדוּ Dt 12:30 +; יַעֲבָֹדוּ Gn 15:14 (Dr:§ 103) Jb 36:11; 2 mpl. תַּעַבְדוּן Ex 3:12, תַּעֲבֹדָוּן Jos 24:15, + 99 t. Impf.; (תָּעָבְדֵם, נָֽעָבְדֵם v. Hoph.); Imv. עֲבֹד 1 S 26:19; sf. עָבְדֵהוּ 1 Ch 28:9; עִבְדוּ Ex 5:18 + 15 t.; עֲבָֹדוּ Ez 20:39; sf. עִבְדֻהוּ 1 S 7:3; Inf. cstr. עֲבֹד Mal 3:14 +; עֲבָד־ Je 34:9, 34:10; sf. עָבְדוֹ Je 27:6 +, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵד Gn 4:2 +; pl. עֹבְדִים Nu 18:21 +; cstr. עֹבְדֵי Ps 97:7 +; sf. עֹבְדָיו 2 K 10:19; עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zc 2:13; —†

1. labour, work, do work: abs. Ex 20:9 = 34:21 = Dt 5:13 (4th word); Ex 5:18 (E) Ec 5:11; c. acc. rei, till the ground Gn 2:5, 3:23, 4:2, 4:12 (J), 2 S 9:10, Is 30:24, Je 27:11, Zc 13:5, Pr 12:11, 28:19 obj. om. Dt 15:19, Ez 48:19; vineyard Dt 28:39; garden Gn 2:16 (J); עֹבְרֵי פִשְׁתִּים Is 19:9 workers in flax; (י)עֹבְדֵ הָעִיר Ez 48:18, 48:19 labourers of the city; עֲבֹדָתוֹ ע׳ Is 28:21 work his work (only here of God, ‖עשׂה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); עבדה על ע׳ Ez 29:18 serve a military service against. †

2. work for another, serve him by labour: abs. Ex 21:2 (E); c. acc. pers Gn 29:15, 31:6, Ex 21:6 (E) Dt 15:12, 15:18, Mal 3:17, Je 34:14, king his people 1 K 12:7; subj. animals Je 27:6, Jb 39:9; c.acc. pers. et rei Gn 30:26, 30:26, 30:29 (J); c. לְ pers. 2 S 16:19; עִם Gn 29:25, 29:30 (E) Lv 25:40 (P); עִמָּדִי Gn 29:27 (E); לִפְנֵי 2 S 16:19, 16:19; c. בְּ of price Gn 29:18, 29:20, 29:25, 31:41, (E) Ho 12:13, Ez 29:20; c. בְּ pers.work by means of another, use him as slave, Ex 1:14, Lv 25:39, 25:46, (P) Je 22:13, 34:9, 34:10.

3. serve as subjects: usu. c. acc., their own chiefs or kings Ju 9:28, 9:28, 9:38, 1 S 11:1, 1 K 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute Ps 18:44 = 2 S 22:44, Je 27:7, 28:14, 2 K 25:24 +, other nations 2 S 10:19, Je 40:9, Zc 2:13 +, kings other kings 2 K 18:7 +, c. לְ, 1 S 4:9, 4:9; † מַס עֹבֵד Gn 49:15 (J) Jos 16:10, 1 K 9:21 (see מַס); † c. בְּ pers., work with, i.e. use as subjects, impose tribute upon, Je 25:14, 27:7, 30:8, Ez 34:27.

4. serve God: a. c. acc. י׳, Ex 3:12, 4:23, 7:16, 7:26 (JE), Ps 22:31, Jb 21:15, Mal 3:14 +; c. acc. pers. et rei Ex 10:26 (E); acc. pers. om., Je 2:20 (rd. אֶעֱבוֹד Kt), עבד זבח ומנחה Is 19:21 serve with peace-offering and grain-offering; עבד עֲבֹדָה Ex 13:5 (of מַצֹּת). b. other gods, c. acc. א׳ † Dt 7:16, 12:2, 12:30 †; אלהים אחרים 7:4, 8:19, 11:16, 13:7, 13:14, 17:3, 28:14, 28:36, 28:64, 29:25, 30:17, 31:20, Jos 23:16, 24:2, 24:16, Ju 2:10, 10:13, 1 S 8:8, 26:19, 1 K 9:6, 9:9, 2 K 17:35, 2 Ch 7:19, 7:22, Je 11:10, 13:10, 16:11, 16:13, 22:9, 25:6, 35:15 (all D and Je); אֱלֽהֵי הַגּוֹיִם Dt 29:17; זָרִים Je 5:19; † כל חבא השׁמים Dt 4:19, 2 K 21:3, 2 Ch 33:3, Je 8:2; † (ים)הבעל Ju 2:11, 3:7, 10:6, 10:10, 1 S 12:10, 1 K 16:31, 22:54, 2 K 10:18, 10:18, 10:19, 10:19, 10:21, 10:22, 10:23, 10:23, 17:16; † אלהי נֵכָר Jos 24:20, Je 5:19; † גִּלּוּלִים(הַ) 2 K 17:12, 21:21, 21:21, Ez 20:39; † האשׁרים 2 Ch 24:18; עחבים Ps 106:36; † (ים)פסיל 2 Ch 33:22, 2 K 17:41; פסל † Psalm 97:7; c. לְ, † לבעל Ju 2:13; † לאלהים אחרים Je 44:3.

5. serve י׳ with Levilical service (all P; cf. RS:Sem i. 69): c. acc. עבד עֲבֹדָה (v. עֲבֹדָה) Nu 3:7, 3:8, 4:23, 4:30, 4:47, 7:5, 8:11, 8:19, 8:22, 8:26, 16:9, 18:6, 18:21, 18:23, Jos 22:27; acc. om. Nu 4:24, 4:26, 4:37, 4:41, 8:15 (but Sam LXX עבדה), v:25, 18:7. † Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶעְבָָּד Ec 5:8; 2 mpl. נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Ez 36:9; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָבֵד Dt 21:4; 3 fs. תֵּעָבֵד Ez 36:34; —1. be tilled, of land Dt 21:4, Ez 36:9, 36:34. 2. Ec 5:8 מֶלֶךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעְבָָּד dub.: a king for (devoted to) the cultivated field (Hi); a king that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), De:v. Comm., esp. De. † Pual Pf. 3 ms. עֻבַּד Dt 21:3, Is 14:3; pass. of Qal, c. בְּ impers. Dt 21:3 of a calf with which it has not been worked; hard service with which it was worked with captives Is 14:3. † Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיד Ez 29:18; 2 ms. sf. הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Is 43:24, הֶעֱבַדְתִּיְ v:23, וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיְ Je 17:4; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵד 2 Ch 34:33; 3 mpl. יַעֲבִדוּ Ex 1:13; Inf. cstr. הַעֲבִיד 2 Ch 2:17; Pt. pl. מַעֲבִדִים Ex 6:15; —1. compel to labour as slaves Ex 1:13, 6:5 (P) 2 Ch 2:17, + Gn 47:21 (reading הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים), 2 S 12:31 (reading וְהֶעֱבִיד + בְּ at; on both these v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.); cause to serve, of army's service against, c. acc. + אל(על) Ez 29:18; cause to labour, weary, c. בְּ of means Is 43:23, 43:24 (perh. play on meanings 2, 3). 2. make to serve as subjects, c. 2 acc. Je 17:4, + Je 15:14 (rd. וְהַעֲבַרְתִּיְ v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.). 3. cause to serve God 2 Ch 34:33. Hoph. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תָּֽעָבְדֵם Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9, Ex 23:24; 1 pl. sf. נָֽעָבְדֵם Dt 13:3 (Kö:i. 259 Sta:§ 549 g Thes; < Nes:Marg. 12 f. Qal anom. pointed (cf. W:AG. ed. 2, i, 62 n. Fl:Kl. Schr. i. 98); Ges:§ 60 R. 1 Dr Qal falsely pointed as Hoph.);—be led or enticed to serve other gods Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9, Ex 23:24, Dt 13:8.

I. עֶ֫בֶד:799 n. m. slave, servant (on format. Lag:BN 77);—ע׳ Gn 9:25 +, עָָבֶד 44:10 +; sf. עַבְדִּי 26:24 +; עַבְדְְּ 19:19 +; עַבְדְֶּ֫ 18:3 +; pl. עֲבָדִים 9:25 +, עַבְדֵי 21:25 +, sf. עֲבָדַי Lv 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Jos 9:11 +, etc.;—

1. slave, servant of household Gn 39:17, 39:19, 41:12, 50:2, Ex 21:2 +; man-servant, ‖אמה Ex 20:10, Lv 25:6, Dt 5:14, Jb 31:13 +; ‖שׁפחה Gn 12:16, 32:6, Je 34:11, Is 14:2 +; + אדון Dt 23:16, Is 24:2, Mal 1:6 +; מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Ex 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Je 2:14; עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Gn 9:25; † בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, esp. Israel in Egypt Ex 13:3, 13:14 (D ?) Dt 5:6, 6:12, 7:8, 8:14, 13:6, 13:11, Jos 24:17, Ju 6:8, Je 34:13, Mi 6:4; † וזכרת כי עבד היית מחרים (ארץ)ב and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Dt 5:15, 15:15, 16:12, 24:18, 24:22; king of Babylon is slave to י׳ Je 25:9, 27:6, 43:10; the borrower to the lender Pr 22:7; fig. of beast Jb 40:28; of things Gn 47:19.

2. Subjects, of chief Gn 26:15, 26:19, 26:25, 26:32, 27:37, 32:17, 32:17 +; of king 21:25, Ex 7:28, 7:29, 1 K 9:27, Dt 29:1 +; vassal kings 2 S 10:19; tributary nations 8:2, 8:6, 8:14 = 1 Ch 18:2, 18:6, 18:13; specif. officers of king 1 S 19:1, 21:8, 2 S 11:13, Pr 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Gn 40:20, 41:10; שָׁאוּל ע׳ 1 S 16:17, 18:22, 28:7; הַמֶּלֶךְ ע׳ 1 K 1:47, Est 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 K 22:12 = 2 Ch 34:20 (a court offical); opp. שַׂר Pr 19:10, Ec 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Pr 30:22; ambassadors Nu 22:18, 2 S 10:2; soldiers of army 1 S 17:8, 25:10, 2 S 2:12, + officers of army 1 S 29:3, 1 K 11:26, 2 K 25:8, Is 36:9.

3. Servants, worshippers, of God: † עַבְדֵי יהוה 2 K 9:7, 10:23, Is 54:17, cf. Gn 50:17, Is 56:6; עֲבָדָיו Dt 32:36 = Ps 135:14, Is 65:15, 66:14, Ps 34:23, 69:37, Ne 2:20; ‖עַמּוֹ Ps 105:25 cf. Dt 32:43; עֲבָּדַי Is 65:8, 65:9, 65:13, 65:13, 65:13, 65:14; עֲבָדֶיְ 1 K 8:23, Is 63:17 (‖שִׁבְטֵי נחלתך), Ps 89:51, 90:13, 90:16, 102:15, 102:29, 119:91, 79:2, 79:10 (‖חֲסִידֶיְ); delivered from Egypt Lv 25:42, 25:55, 25:55, 26:13 (P); עַבְדְְּ Ps 119:125, 143:2, ‖בֶּן־אֲמָתְֶָ 86:16, 116:16, 116:16; specif. angels Jb 4:18; and ancient worthies, patriarchs Ex 32:13 (J) Dt 9:27; Abraham Gn 26:24 (J) Ps 105:6, 105:42; Isaac Gn 24:14 (J); Jacob, Israel Ez 28:25, 37:25, 1 Ch 16:13; Moses † Ex 14:31, Jos 18:7 (J) Nu 12:7, 12:8 (E) Dt 34:5 (?) Jos 1:1, 1:2, 1:7, 1:13, 1:15, 8:31, 8:33, 9:24, 11:12, 11:15, 12:6, 12:6, 13:8, 14:7, 22:2, 22:4, 22:5 (all D), 1 K 8:53, 8:56, 2 K 18:12, 21:8, 1 Ch 6:34, 2 Ch 1:3, 24:6, 24:9, Ne 1:8, 9:14, 10:30, Ps 105:26, Mal 3:22, Dn 9:11; Joshua † Jos 24:29 (E) Ju 2:8; Caleb † Nu 14:24 (J); Job † Jb 1:8, 2:3, 42:7, 42:8, 42:8, 42:8; David 2 S 3:18, 7:5, 7:8, 7:26 + 27 t.; Hezekiah † 2 Ch 32:16; Zerubbabel † Hag 2:23; Eliakim † Is 22:20.—The חֶמַח Zc 3:8 cf. 6:12 is also servant of י׳ as Messianic builder of temple (see Br:MP 442 ff). †

4. Servant of י׳, in a special sense: of Levitical singers using benedictions in temple Ps 113:1, 134:1, 135:1; usu. of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets 2 K 9:7, 17:13, Je 7:25, 26:5, 29:19, 35:15, 44:4, Ez 38:17, Zc 1:6; עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִים 2 K 17:23, 21:10, 24:2, Je 25:4, Am 3:7, Dn 9:10; עֲבָדֶיְ הנביאים Ezr 9:11, Dn 9:6; specif. Ahia 1 K 14:18, 15:29 Elijah 2 K 9:36, 10:10; Jonah 2 K 14:25, Isaiah Is 20:3; עַבְדּוֹ, ‖מלאכיו 44:26; as one calling to fear י׳ 50:10. †

5. Israel as a people is servant of י׳: יִשְׂרָאֵל Is 41:8, 41:9, 44:21, 44:21, 49:3, Ps 136:22; יעקב Is 44:1, 44:2, 45:4, 48:20, Je 30:10, 46:27, 46:28; עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, ‖מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations Is 42:19, 42:19; and chosen as witness of י׳ 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Is 42:1 (cf. v:2–6); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth 49:5, 49:6, 49:7; bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr 52:13, 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contr. with the actual; al. of personif. ‖ with Zion the wife and mother, disting. from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; al. of ideal prophetic writer; al. of ideal prophetic person; al. (esp. in Is 53) of an actual proph. known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, v. Mt 8:16, 8:17, 12:16–21, Lk 4:17 – 22, Phil 2:5–11]; see De:Is ii. 174 Da:Expos. 1884, 358 ff. Di Du Che al. on Is 42, 53, Dr:Is 168 ff. Br:MP 345 ff., also Gie:Beitr. 146 ff. Berthol:Is 53.

6. In polite address of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְְּ thy servant = 1 pers. sing., I, Gn 18:3, 1 S 20:7, 20:8, 20:8, 2 K 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיְ thy servants = we Gn 42:11, Is 36:11; also עַבְדּוֹ his servant = I, 1 S 26:18, 26:19, 2 S 14:22, 24:21 +; also in addressing God, esp. in prayer Ex 4:10, Nu 11:11, Ju 15:18, 1 S 3:9, 3:10, 25:39, 2 S 24:10, Ps 19:12, 19:14, 27:9, 31:17, 35:27, 69:18, 109:28, 143:2 +.

7. Phrases are: † עבד (היה), c. לְ pers., become servant to Gn 9:26, 9:27, 44:10, 44:16, 44:17, 44:33, 47:19, 47:26 (J) Dt 6:21, 15:17, 2 S 8:14, 2 K 17:3, 24:1, 1 Ch 18:2, 18:6, 18:13, 2 Ch 10:7, Pr 11:29, 12:9, 22:7; † היה לעבד, c. לְ pers., Gn 44:9 (J) 50:18 (E) 1 S 8:17, 17:9, 17:9, 27:12, 2 S 8:2, 8:6, Je 34:16; † כבשׁ לעבדים 2 Ch 28:10, Ne 5:5, Je 34:11; לקח לע׳ Gn 43:18 (J) 2 K 4:1, Jb 40:28.

† II. עֶ֫בֶד n. pr. m. (servant of God = עַבְדְּאֵל);—

1. father of Gaal Ju 9:26, 9:28, 9:30, 9:31, 9:35 (GFM, after Hollenb:ThLz 1891, 371 [cf. Bu:Ib. 1892, 63] עֹבֵד, as LXXL; v. also Gray:Prop. N. 184, 272); LXX Ιωβηλ, A LXXL Αβεδ.

2. a companion of Ezra Ezr 8:6; LXX Ωβηθ, LXXL Αμιναδαβ.—For list of Ar. names beginning with عبد v. Nö:ZMG xli (1887), 724 ff., cf. also Id:ib, xlii (1888), 486 We:Heid. 2, 2 ff.

† [עֲבָד] n. m. work (late; Aram. form); pl. sf. עֲבָדֵיהֶם Ec 9:1 (cf. Syr. ܥܒܳܕ).

† עוֹבֵד, עֹבֵד n. pr. m. (worshipper; cf. Sab. עבד Os:22 and DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 14; —

1. son of Boaz and Ruth Ru 4:17, v:21 = 1 Ch 2:12, Ru 4:22 (only here עֹבֵד) = 1 Ch 2:12, SyrVer Ωβηδ.

2. names in Judah, LXX Ωβηδ: a. 1 Ch 2:37, 2:38 b. 2 Ch 23:1.

3. a mighty man of David 1 Ch 11:47, LXX Ιωβηθ, A Ιωβηδ.

4. a doorkeeper 1 Ch 26:7 LXX Ωβηδ.

† עֹבֵדֱ אדֹם, and (2 Ch 25:24) אֱדוֹםע׳ n. pr. m. (servant of (god) Edom, cf. עבד אדם CIS:No. 295; Dr:Sm 206, 298 and reff., RS:Sem i. 43; 2nd ed. 42 and reff., HPS:2 S 6:10; but Bae:Rel 10 servant of man, אֱדֹם = אָדָם, which is thought possible by Nö:ZMG xlii (1888), 470 Buhl:Edomiter 49);—

1. the Gittite who harboured the ark 2 S 6:10, 6:11, 6:11, 6:12, 6:12 = 1 Ch 13:13, 13:14, 13:14, 1 Ch 15:25; LXX Αβεδδαρα, LXXL Αβεδδαδαν.

2. (= 1 ?) one of the chief Levitical singers and doorkeepers 1 Ch 15:18, 15:21, 15:24, 16:5, 16:38, 16:38, 26:4, 26:8, 26:8, 26:15; LXX Αβαεδωμ, Αβδεδωμ, etc., LXXL Αβεδδομ.

3. the family of the same 2 Ch 25:24 (not in ‖ 2 K 14:14).

† עֶ֫בֶד מֶ֫לֶךְ n. pr. m. (= servant of the king, or < of (god) Melek, cf. Gray:Prop. N. 117, 147 ff.);—Eth. official of Zedekiah Je 38:7, 38:8, 38:10, 38:11, 38:12, 39:16; LXX Αβδεμελεχ.

† עֲבֵד נְגוֹ n. pr. m. (servant of (God) Nebo, נְגוֹ being corrupt (intent. or unintent.) for נבוֹ (q. v.) COT:Dn 1:7 Bev:Dn 1:7);—Babylonian name of Azariah, one of the three companions of Daniel Dn 1:7 (v. also BAram); LXX Theod Αβδεναγω.

† עַבְדָּא n. pr. m. (servant of י׳ (= עֹבַדְיָה 1 Ch 9:16 = Ne 11:17), but form dub., v. LXX);—

1. father of adoniram 1 K 4:6; LXX Εφρα, A Αβαω, LXXL Εδραμ.

2. a Levite Ne 11:17; LXX Ωβηβ, A Ιωβηβ, LXXL Αβδιας.

† עַבְדְּאֵל n. pr. m. (servant of Ēl, cf. עַבְדִּיאֵל) name in Judah Je 36:26; LXX Εσ(δ)ριηλ.

† עַבֹדָה, and (Chr) עֲבוֹדָה:145 n. f. labour, service (on format. v. Lag:BN 179 Ba:NB 61);—י׳ Ex 1:14 + 41 t.; cstr. עֲבֹדַת 30:16 + 43 t.; sf. עֲבֹדָתִי Gn 30:26 + 33 t. sfs.; in Chr עֲבוֹדָה 1 Ch 28:14 + 7 t.; cstr. עֲבוֹדַת 6:33 + 13 t.; sf. עֲבוֹדָתִי 2 Ch 12:8; עֲבוֹדָתָם 1 Ch 6:17, 2 Ch 31:16; —

1. † labour, work, Ps 104:23; in the field Ex 1:14, 1 Ch 27:26, prob. Ne 10:38 (עָרֵי ע׳), Ps 104:14 (עֵשֶׂב לע׳); in fine linen 1 Ch 4:21; in erection of tabernacle Ex 35:24, 36:1, 36:3, 36:5, 39:42 (P); in repairing temple 2 Ch 34:13, 34:13; כל מלאכת עבדה לא תעשׂוּ ye shall do no laborious work Lv 23:7, 23:8, 23:21, 23:25, 23:35, 23:36, Nu 28:18, 28:25, 28:26, 29:1, 29:12, 29:35 (P); fig. of man, הַצְּדָקָה ע׳ Is 32:17 (‖מַעֲשֵׂה הַצּ׳); of God's work of judgment Is 28:21, 28:21. †

2. labour of servant or slave: of Jacob for Laban Gn 29:27, 30:26 (JE); עֶבֶד ע׳ of bondservant Lv 25:39 (P); of the Nethinim Ezr 8:20; service of things, vessels of tabernacle and temple Nu 4:26, 4:32 (P) 1 Ch 9:28, 28:14, 28:14, 28:15. †

3. labour, service of captives or subjects: of Israel in Egypt Ex 1:14, 2:23, 2:23 (P), 5:11 (E), 6:6 (P); הע׳ (ה)כבד 5:9 (E) Ne 5:18; קשׁה ע׳ Ex 1:14, 6:9 (P) Dt 26:6, 1 K 12:4 = 2 Ch 10:4, Is 14:3; מֵרֹב ע׳ La 1:3; ממלכוֹת ע׳ 2 Ch 12:8; המלך ע׳ 1 Ch 26:30; אדניהם ע׳ Ne 3:5; military service Ez 29:18, 29:18.

4. service of God, in P Chr Ez: by people Jos 22:27 (P) 2 Ch 12:8, feast of passover Ex 12:25, 12:26, 2 Ch 35:10, 35:16, unleavened bread Ex 13:5; Levites and priests Nu 4:19, 4:49, 8:11, 1 Ch 24:3, 24:19, 2 Ch 8:14, 31:16; מתנה ע׳ Nu 18:7; Levites Ex 38:21, Nu 4:24, 4:27, 4:27, 4:28, 4:33, 4:47, 4:47, 7:7, 7:8, 8:26, 18:21, 1 Ch 6:17, 2 Ch 31:2; c. בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד v:4, v:23, v:31, v:33, v:35, v:39, v:43, 8:19, 8:22, 18:31; אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Ex 30:16, Nu 4:30, 7:5, 8:24, 18:4, 18:6, 18:21, 18:23, cf. Ex 35:21, Nu 7:5; מִשְׁכָּן(ה) Ex 39:32, 39:40, Nu 3:7, 3:8, 16:9, 1 Ch 6:33, cf. Ex 27:19, Nu 3:36, 1 Ch 23:26; הַקֹּדֶשׁ ע׳ Nu 7:9, cf. 3:31; of its court v:26; more specif. משׂא ע׳ 4:47; חבא הע׳ 8:25; אלהים(ה) בית י׳ ע׳ 1 Ch 23:24, 23:28, 23:32, 25:6, 28:13, 28:13, 28:21, 28:21, 29:7, 2 Ch 29:35, 31:21, 35:2, Ne 10:33; בית האלהים מלאכת ע׳ 1 Ch 9:13, 28:20, 2 Ch 24:12; מעשׂה ע׳ 1 Ch 23:28; its service Ez 44:14, 1 Ch 9:19; specif. service of Levit. singers 25:1, 25:1, and doorkeepers 26:8, 2 Ch 35:15.

† עֲבֻדָּה n. f. service (on format. v. Lag:BN 151);—of household servants as a body, ‖ cattle, etc., Gn 26:14 (J) Jb 1:3.

† עַבְדּוֹן n. pr. I. n. pr. m. 1. a judge Ju 12:13, 12:15, LXX Αβδων, A LXXL Λαβδω(μ); (Ew cp. בְּדָן 1 S 12:11, but read בָּרָק, v. בְּדָן supr.). 2. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:23, LXX Αβαδων, A LXXL Αβδων. 3. son of Jehiel a Gibeonite 1 Ch 8:30, 9:36; LXX Αβαλων, Σαβαδων, A Αβδων, Σαβδων, LXXL Αβδων. 4. son of Micah 2 Ch 34:20, LXX Αβδοδομ, A LXXL Αβδων (= עַכְבּוֹר 2 K 22:12). II. n. pr. loc. Levitical city in Asher Jos 21:30, 1 Ch 6:59, LXX Δαββων, Αβαραν, A LXXL Αβδων (20 Codd. rd. עַבְדֹּן Jos 19:28 for עֶבְרֹן), ï‘ Abde, Guêrin:Gal 2, 37 cf. Buhl:Geogr. 230.

† [עַבְדוֹת] n. f. servitude, bondage;—sf. עַבְדֻתֵנוּ Ez 9:8, 9:9; עַבְדֻתָם Ne 9:17 (cf. Syr. ܥܰܒܕܽܘܬܳܐ).

† עַבְדִּי n. pr. m. (= עֹבַדְיָה servant of Yah; v. however, Gray:Prop. N. 149 ff. and cf. OAram. עבדו, Nab. Palm. עבדי Lzb:333, 334 Cook:87);—

1. a Levite 1 Ch 6:29, 2 Ch 29:12; LXX Αβδ(ε)ι, LXXL 1 Ch Αβδια.

2. one with a foreign wife Ezr 10:26; LXX Αβδε(ι)α.

† עַבְדִּיאֵל n. pr. m. (servant of Ēl; on this and foll. cf. Ph. עבדאלם, Nab. עבדאלהא, Sin. עבדאלהי, etc., Lzb:332 Cook:87; Sab. עבדלת = [עבדאלת] Hal:168 DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16; v. also Gray:Prop. N. 309, No. 53);—a Gadite 1 Ch 5:15; LXX Αβδεηλ, A LXXL Αβδιηλ.

† עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ, עֹבַדְיָה n. pr. m. (servant of Yah, cf. Gray:Prop. N. 295, No. 90; also Ph. עבדבעל, Palm. עבדבל, OAram. עבדההד Lzb:333, OHeb. עבדיהו Id.:334);—I. עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ:

1. chief of Ahab's household 1 K 18:3, 18:3, 18:4, 18:5, 18:6, 18:7, 18:16, LXX Αβδ(ε)ιου.

2. father of one of the chiefs of Zebulun 1 Ch 27:19, LXX Αβδ(ε)ιου (genit.).

3. a Levite overseer in time of Josiah 2 Ch 34:12, LXX Αβδ(ε)ια, A LXXL Αβδιας. II. עֹבַדְיָה: 1. the prophet Ob:1, LXX Οβδ(ε)ιου (genit.), Αβδ(ε)ιου. 2. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:21, LXX Αβδεια, LXXL Οβδιας. 3. chief of tribe of Issachar 1 Ch 7:3, LXX Μειβδεια, A Οβδια, LXXL Αβδια.

4. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:38, 9:44, LXX Αβδ(ε)ια.

5. a Levite 1 Ch 9:16 (‖עַבְדָּא Ne 11:17), LXX Αβδεια A Οβδια , LXXL Αβια.

6. a Gadite chief 1 Ch 12:9, LXX Αβδ(ε)ια.

7. a prince in time of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 17:7, LXX Αβ(δ)ιαν.

8. priestly companion of Ezra Ezr 8:9, Ne 10:6, LXX Αδεια, Αβ(α)δ(ε)ια, LXXL Αβδιου, Αβιας.

9. a doorkeeper Ne 12:25, א Οβδιας, LXXL Αβδιας.

† [מַעְבָּד] n.[m.] work (late form; BAram. מַעֲבַד);—pl. sf. מַעְבָּדֵיהֶם Jb 34:25.

† עָבָה vb. be thick, fat, gross (NH Pi. עִבָּה make thick, and deriv.; Syr. ܥܒܳܐ swell up, pt. pass. swollen, thick, dense, stupid, and many deriv.; Ar. غَبِيَ be dense, stupid, أَغْبَي dense foliage; Eth. 9abya: be great Di:985);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. מִמָּתְנֵי אָבִי קָֽטֳנִּי ע׳ 1 K 12:10 my little finger is thicker (stouter) than, etc., = 2 Ch 10:10; be thick, gross, of rebell. Isr. under fig. of highly fed beast, 2 ms. שָׁמַנְתָּ עָבִיתָ כָּשִׂיתָ Dt 32:15.

† עֲבִי n.[m.] thickness;—cstr. נַּבֵּי מָגִנָּיו ע׳ Jb 15:26 the thickness (stoutness) of the bosses of his shields (in fig.); sf. עָבְיוֹ its thickness, of the molten sea 1 K 7:26 = 2 Ch 4:5; of pillar Je 52:21.—2 Ch 4:17 v. foll.—Under עבה belongs perh. also בְּעַב הֶעָנָן Ex 19:9 (rd. בַּעֲבִי ?) in the thickness of the clouds, cf. Bu:Th Lz 1892 (3), 63 Kö:ii 1, 86.

† מַעֲבֶה n. [m.] si vera l., thickness, compactness;—בְּמַעֲבֵה הָאֲדָמָה 1 K 7:46 in the compactness of the soil, i.e. clayey ground or clay mould = 2 Ch 4:17 (where MT בַּעֲבִי הָ׳); but read doubtless in both בְּמַעְבֶּרֶת אֲדָמָה at the ford of Adamah, v. GFM:Ju 7, 22 Benz:K.

עָבוֹת v. עבת. p. 721

עבט (perh. √ of foll.; cf. As. ubbuṭu&atO;’ (II. of אבט [= עבט ?]) be pledged Dl:HWB 6; Aram. (Talm.) עֲבִיטָה pledge, עֲבַט Ithpe. be taken in pledge; but We:Jo 2, 7 thinks עֲבוֹט Aram. loan-word, and cp. Ar. ضَبَطَ hold, keep, guard).

† עֲבוֹט n.[m.] pledge, article pledged as security for debt;—abs. ע׳ Dt 24:11, 24:13; sf. עֲבֹטוֹ v:10 (as acc. cogn.), v:12.

† עַבְטִיט n.[m.] intens. weight of pledges, heavy debts;—abs. מַכְבִּיד עָלָיו ע׳ Hb 2:6.

† [עָבַט] vb. denom. take or give a pledge;—Qal Inf. cstr. לַעֲבֹט Dt 24:10 to take possession of a thing pledged (c. acc. cogn.); Impf. 2 ms. give a pledge תַּעֲבֹט Dt 15:6 (i.e. borrow). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. וְהַעֲבַטְתָּ֫ גּוֹיִם רַבִּים v:6 and thou shalt cause many nations to give pledges (i.e. lend to them); Impf. 3 ms. sf. + Inf. abs. הַעֲבֵט תַּעֲבִיטֶנּוּ v:8 thou shalt surely lend to him (lit. as above). Pi. Impf. יְעַבְּטוּן Jo 2:7 hardly makes sense (lend on pledge = interchange ?); most rd. יְעַבְּתוּן; יְעַוְּתוּן We, cf. Now Dr GASm; Gr. יַטוּן.

עבל (√ of foll.; cf. poss. Ar. عَبُلَ be bulky, stout; Pun. n. pr. עבל Lzb:335).

† עוֹבָל, I. עֵיבָל n. pr. gent. Arabian people, descended from Joktan acc. to Gn 10:28 (LXXL Γαιβαλ); = עֵיבָל 1 Ch 1:22 (LXXL Ηβηλ). On loc. cf. Glaser:Skizze ii. 426.

I. עֵיבָל v. עוֹבָל supr.

† II. עֵיבָל n. pr. m. vel gent. name in Edom, Gn 36:23 (LXX Γαιβηλ), = 1 Ch 1:40 (LXX Γαιβηλ), A Γαοβηλ LXXL Ουβαλ); acc. to Glaser:Skizze ii. 426 poss. = foregoing (cp. with name of (god) Bēl, Wkl:Gesch. Isr. 120; Alttest. Unters. 117 f.).

† III. עֵיבָל n. pr. mont. Ebal, the mt. of cursing, N. of Shechem (Nabulus), and opp. Mt. Gerizim (mt. of blessing, S. of Shechem), Dt 11:29, also Jos 8:30, 8:33 (D); LXX Γαιβαλ (connex. with above √ dub.; on בל = Bēl, cf. Gray:Prop. N. 124 n., and reff.);—on Ebal v. Rob:BR ii. 275 ff. GASm:Geogr. Ch. vi. Di:Dt 11, 29 Dr:ib. Bd:Pal. (1898), 257.

עבץ ( √ of foll.; meaning unknown).

† יַעְבֵּץ n. pr. 1. m. Jabez, a man of the Calebites, 1 Ch 4:9, 4:9, 4:10 (where interpr. as akin to עחב; on position of this family cf. Mey:Judenthum 118); LXX Ιγαβης A Ιαγβης, Γαβης, GL Ιαβιης, Ιαβηλ, Ιαβεις. 2. loc. in Judah, appar. near Bethlehem 1 Ch 2:55 (cf. v:54); LXX Γαμες A Γαβης LXXL Ιαβις.

עָבַר:548 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on (NH = BH; Zinj. עבר Haph. Lzb:336 Cook:88, perh. also Nab. עבר Id:ib.; Targum עֲבַר, Syr. ܥܒܰܪ id.; As. ebêru, id. Dl:HWB 10, and deriv.; Ar. عَبَرَ id., and deriv.; Sab. עבר = Heb. עִבַּר

1. Mordt:Sab Denkm 49; עברת passage, march through DHM:ZMG xxix (1875), 614 also bank or neighbourhood of a stream SabDenkm:49);—Qal:465 Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 15:17 +, sf. עֲבָרוֹ Je 23:9; 1 S. עָבַ֫רְתִּי 1 S 15:24 +; 2 mpl. עֲבַרְתֶּם Gn 18:5 +; 1 pl. עָבַ֫רְנוּ Jos 24:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹר Am 8:5 +, יַעֲבָר־ Gn 33:14 +, sf. 3 ms. יַעַבְרֶ֫נּוּ Is 33:21, 35:8, יַעַבְרֶ֫נְהוּ Je 5:22, וַיַּעֲבֹר Gn 12:6 +; 1 S. אֶעֱבֹר Am 5:17 +, cohort. אֶעְבְּרָה Nu 21:22 +, אֶעֱבָֹרָה Nu 20:19, Ju 12:5, etc.; Imv. ms. עֲבֹר Ex 17:5 +; fs. עִבְרִי Mi 1:11 + 2 t.; עֲבָֹרִי Is 23:12; mpl. עִבְרוּ Am 6:2 +; Inf. abs. עָבוֹר 2 S 17:16; cstr. עֲבֹר Am 7:8 +, לַעֲבָר־ 1 K 18:6 + Na 2:1 Qr (Kt לעבור); sf. עָבְרִי Ex 33:22, Dt 4:21, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵר Ju 8:4 +, etc.;—1. pass over: a. = cross (stream, wady, sea, etc.), (1) c. acc. Gn 31:21 (E), 32:11 (J), Jos 3:14, 3:17, 4:1 (all JE), Dt 2:14 (D), Nu 32:29 (P), 2 S 17:20, 17:22, 17:24, Is 16:8, + 37 t., + Gn 32:23 (E; acc. מַעֲבַר), וְעָֽבְרָה הָֽעֲבָרָה לַעֲבִיר 2 S 19:19 (rd. וַיַּעַבְרוּ We Dr Kit Löhr, and they crossed the ford, or וְעָֽבְרוּ frequent., HPS; > LXX Klo Bu וַיַּעַבְדוּ הָעֲבֹדָה and they performed the service); also c. acc. + acc. loc. 1 S 13:7, + ה loc. Dt 4:26, 31:13, 32:47. (2) acc. om. Ju 3:28, 2 S 17:16, 17:16 + 32 t., + עֹבֵר Ju 8:4 (rd. וַיַּעֲבֹר Vrss, or del. as gloss GFM Bu), 2 S 15:23 a (where rd. עֹמֵד for MT עֹבֵר We Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS, but del. עֹבְרִים, plausibly, Klo HPS); c. אֶל־ † Nu 32:7 (JE), Dt 27:2 (D), Jos 4:13, 22:19 (both P), c. אֶל־עֵבֶר Dt 30:13, c. הָעֵבֶר 1 S 26:13; c. ה loc. † Dt 3:21, 4:14, 6:1, 11:8, 11:11, 34:4, Is 23:6; c. acc. loc. † Is 23:12, Je 2:10, Nu 32:32 (P). † b. cross border, boundary, c. acc. Nu 20:17 b, 21:22 b (both JE), + אֶל־ 1 S 27:2; of invasion, acc. om., c. אֶל־ Ju 11:32, 12:3, 1 S 14:1, 14:6, 14:8, c. ה loc. 2 K 8:21, abs. 2 Ch 21:9. c. cross over (sc. intervening space) against (עַל־) 1 S 14:4, unto 2 S 24:20 (rd. אֶל־ for עַל־ Bu HPS, cf. LXXL), so perh. also Is 45:14 (עַל; rd. אֶל ?); c. acc. of goal Am 5:5, 6:2. † d. pass, march over (sc. bodies of captives), Is 51:23, 51:23. † e. = overflow, fig., Is 23:10, abs. of invasion (like a flood) Is 8:8, hence Dn 11:10, 11:40, Na 1:8 (cf. 4 c); of evil thoughts Ps 73:7; cf. עָֽבְרוּ דִבְרֵי־רָָע Je 5:28 they overflow with evil matters. † f. pass, go, over, of waves, over one's head, usu. c. עַל־ Is 54:9, Ps 42:8, 88:17, 124:4, 124:5 (all fig.), Jon 2:4; c. acc. Ps 38:5, cf. Je 23:9 over whom wine hath gone (= overcome with wine). † g. of razor passing over head, c. עַל Nu 6:50; fig. of time passing over one, c. עַל־ 1 Ch 29:30 (cf. BAram. חלף על Dn 4:13 +). † h. pass over upon (עַל־), in weakened sense, nearly = come or light upon; of spirit Nu 5:14, 5:14, 5:30; abs. + מֵאֵת 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23; c. עַל־ also light upon in chastisement or judgment, Ho 10:11, Jb 13:13, cf. Na 3:19; Dt 24:5 no affair shall pass over upon (עַל־) him, i.e. no duty be laid upon him. † i. overstep, transgress, c. acc. of covenant, command, etc. (usu. divine); Nu 14:41, Jos 7:11, 7:15 (all JE), Dt 17:2, 26:13, Jos 23:16 (all D), Ju 2:20, 1 S 15:24, Ho 6:7, 8:1, 2 K 18:12, Je 34:18, Is 24:5, Ps 148:6, 2 Ch 24:20, Dn 9:11; command of earthly king Est 3:3; abs. Ps 17:3. † j. pass over = overlook, forgive עַל־פֶּשַׁע Mi 7:18 (+ לְ pers.), Pr 19:11; c. לְ pers. only, Am 7:8, 8:2. †

2. Pass beyond, c. acc. 1 S 14:23 (of battle), Je 5:22, 5:22 (of sea); + אֶל Gn 31:52, 31:52 (E); pass a little beyond מְעַט מֵהָראֹשׁ ע׳ 2 S 16:1, כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם Ct 3:4; c. acc. of God's command (פֶּה), Pr 8:29 (of sea), Nu 22:18 = 24:13 (JE); acc. om. Jb 14:5 Ps 104:9.

3. Pass through, traverse, usu. a. c. בְּ of land, city, etc.: Nu 22:21 (E), 20:21, Jos 18:9 (JE), Ex 12:2 (P), 1 S 9:4, 9:4, 9:4, 9:4, 2 S 20:14 (+ ה loc.), + 31 t.; c. בְּתוֹךְ † Ez 9:4, Jb 15:19; c. בְּקֶרֶב of camp, nation(s) † Jos 1:11, 3:2 (D), 24:17 (E), Am 5:17, Dt 29:15; c. acc. † Dt 2:18, 29:15, Ju 11:29, 11:29, Is 10:29, Jb 14:5; abs. Ex 12:23 (J), Nu 20:19, 20:20 (JE), Dt 2:28, Mi 5:7, La 3:44, Ez 14:15, 33:28; † opp. שׁוּב, pass through and return, go to and fro, Ex 32:27 (E; מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר בְּ׳), pt. abs. those going to and fro Ez 35:7, Zc 7:14, 9:8. † b. c. בְּ of river 2 S 19:19 + 15:23 (but rd. עֹמֵד We Dr Bu al.), of sea Zc 10:11, cf. Is 43:2, Ps 66:6, c. בְּתוֹךְ Nu 33:8 (P), Ne 9:11; c. בְּ of gates Is 62:10, 62:10; cf. עֹבְרֵי בְּעֵמֶק Ps 84:7 (Ges:§ 130 a). c. pt. abs. הָעֹבְרִים the passers-through Ez 39:11 a, rd. prob. הָעֲבָרִים (JDMich Hi Co Berthol), v:11 b (Co rds. אֶת־הַגַּיְא; Toy del. as gloss), v:14 (del. LXX SyrVer Co Toy Berthol). † d. pass through between (בֵּין) parts of victim, in covenant Gn 15:7 (J), Je 34:18, 34:19. e. traverse c. acc. of expanse of water Is 33:21 (of ship).

4. a. pass along by (עַל־), Gn 18:5 (J; not סַרְתֶּם אֶל־ Ball after LXX), 1 K 9:8, Je 18:16 + 14 t.; c. עַל־פָּנָיו † Ex 34:6 (J); c. acc. † Gn 32:32, Ju 3:26 (on other possibilities v. GFM), 2 K 6:9; abs. pass by Ex 33:22, 33:22 (J), 2 K 4:8 + 15 t., + (of wind) Jb 37:21, Pr 10:25 and (of waters, = flow past) Hb 3:10 (cf. Jb 6:15), Jb 11:16, hence מוֹר עֹבֵר Ct 5:5, 5:13 flowing myrrh (liquid, opp. hard = דְּרוֹר מ׳ Ex 30:23); pt. = passer-by Mi 2:8, Ez 5:14, 36:34, 39:15 + 6 t. (Pr 26:10 v. Toy), + עֹבֵר אֹרַח Is 33:8, עֹבְרֵי דֶרֶךְ † La 1:12, 2:15, Jb 21:29, Pr 9:15, Ps 80:13, 89:42; pass by = overtake and pass c. acc. † 2 S 18:23. b. pass by, בְּ rei, Ps 103:16 (of wind). c. sweep by, of scourge (fig.) Is 28:15, 28:18, 28:19 (cf. מַעֲבָר 3). d. be past, over, of time, etc., Am 8:5, 1 K 18:29, Gn 50:4, Ct 2:11 + 7 t. e. pass along (from hand to hand), only pt. שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר Gn 23:16 i.e. current money of the merchant (or, money passing over to merchant ? Bu:Th Lz 1892 (3), 63); כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר 2 K 12:5.

5. Pass on, go on: a. abs. Gn 18:5 (J), Nu 22:26 (E), Ju 12:1 + 20 t., + Ju 11:29, 18:13, Jos 10:29 (D; all c. acc. of goal + מִן), Gn 18:3 (J; c. מֵעַל pers.); also c. אֶל־ pers. vel rei, proceed unto 1 K 19:19, 2 K 4:8, Ne 2:14, c. עַל־ pers. (rd. אֶל־ ?) La 4:21; c. מִן Ru 2:8, out of the city 2 S 15:24; c. ה loc. Ju 12:1, 2 S 19:41, c. ה loc. + מִן Jos 10:31, 10:34 (D); מֵעִיר בארץ ע׳ 2 Ch 30:10; abs. 2 S 19:41 all the people of Judah proceeding with the king (rd. עֹבְרִים for ויעברו, v. Hiph. ad fin.). † b. specif. of boundary-line, pass on, c. ה loc. Nu 34:4, 34:4, Jos 15:3, 15:4, 16:6 (om. אוֹתוֹ LXX Vulgate cf. Benn: Hpt Steuern); + מִן 19:13 + מִן + אֶל־ 18:13; c. מִן + לְ 15:6; c. אֶל־ 15:7, 15:10, 16:2, 18:18, 18:19; c. acc. loc. 15:3, 15:10, 15:11 (all P, exc. Jos 16:2 JE). c. c. לִפְנֵי pass on before, go in advance of Gn 32:l7, Ex 17:5 (both E), Gn 32:22, 33:3, 33:14 (all J), Dt 9:3 + 7 t., + Dt 3:18, 3:28, 31:3, 31:3, Jos 1:14 (all D) where ref. may be to crossing in advance of; c. עַל־פְּנֵי 2 S 15:18 so v:23 b (reading עַל־פָּנָיו LXXL We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS). † d. pass on as far as (עַד), Ju 19:12, + מִן v:18; c. אַחֲרֵי after 2 S 20:13; תַּעֲבָר־כּוֹס עַל La 4:21 pass on unto (cf. תִּסּוֹב Hb 2:16). †e. pass on into (בְּ), Jos 3:11 ( + לִפְנֵי), 4:7 (both JE), cf. Ju 9:26, Jb 33:28, so also בִּבְרִית י׳ Dt 29:11 enter into a covenant with י׳; (Klo rds. וַיַּעֲכֹר בַּבּ׳ also 2 K 23:3 for MT ויעמד). †f. pass on away from (מֵאֵת) Dt 2:8 ( + ה loc.). †g. pass on in order, for counting 2 S 2:15, עַל־יְדֵי מוֹנֶה Je 33:l3, עֹבֵר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִים Ex 30:13, 30:14, 38:26, also pass on under (תַּחַת) rod Lv 27:32 (for counting; all P; cf. Hiph. 3 d). † h. pass along, travel c. acc. of way Is 35:8 cf. 51:10; אָרְחוֹת יַמִּים עֹבֵר Ps 8:9; c. בְּ of way Jos 3:4, Pr 4:15, 7:8. i. pass on, advance, abs., Ps 48:5 (Ol We pass away, perish), Mi 2:13 a (acc. loc.).

†

6. Pass away: a. emigrate, leave one's territory or city Mi 1:11. b. vanish, of chaff, Is 29:5 cf. Je 13:24, shadow Ps 144:4, b rooks Jb 6:15 (all in sim.), Ct 5:6. c. = cease to exist, perish Na 1:12, Jb 30:15, 33:18 (בְּ instr.), 36:12 (id.), 34:20, Ps 37:36 (but rd. ואעבר and I passed by, cf. 4 a), cf. Is 31:9 (סלעו subj.), מֵאֱלֽהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר 40:27 pass away from. d. = become invalid, obsolete, of law, decree, Est 1:19, 9:27, also v:28 ( + מִתּוֹךְ הַיְהוּדִים). e. c. מִן of hands Ps 81:7 (i.e. they were freed from). f. = be alienated, pass into other hands Ez 48:14 (rdg. Kt; > Qr Hiph.).—Je 2:20 rd. אֶעֱבוֹד Kt (not אֶעֱבוֹר Qr); וָאֶתֵּן לָהֶם יַעַבְרוּם 8:13 and I gave to them that which they transgress LXX Vulgate Targum Aq Symm Ew, those that shall pass over them Hi Gf Ke RVm, those that shall consume, devour them Rothst: Kau (rdg. יְבַעֲרוּם) but all very dub.; LXX Co del.; 11:15 rd. Hiph. q.v.; מִנֹּגַהּ נֶּגְדּוֹ עָבָיו עָֽבְרוּ Ps 18:13 is difficult; perhaps best, as Che Kit:Kau Löhr, out of the brightness before him issued forth hailstones, etc. (del. עָבָיו); > ‖ 2 S 22:13 בָּֽעֲרוּ and so here Bu HPS cf. Woods:Hbr 1887, 262, his clouds burned with hailstones, etc.; rd. rather עברו in 2 S.

† Niph. Impf. 3 ms. נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לאֹ יֵעָבֵר Ez 47:5 a stream which cannot be forded.

Pi. 1. Pf. 3 ms. שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר Jb 21:10 his bull impregnateth (cf. NH) abs. (prop. causeth to pass over, sc. semen). 2. Impf. 3 ms. וַיְעַבֵּר בְּ׳ 1 K 6:21 he made to pass across with chains of gold.—Hithp. v. [עָבַר] infr.

† Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיר 2 S 12:13 +; 2 ms. הֵעֲבַ֫רְתָּ Jos 7:7 (Ges:§ 63 p), וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֫ Ez 5:1 +; 1 S. הֶעֱבַ֫רְתִּי Zc 3:4, וְהַעֲבַרְתִּ֫י Ez 20:37 + Je 15:14 (but rd. והעבדתי LXX SyrVer Targum Codd Ew Hi Gf Gie), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵר Gn 8:1 +, וַיַּעֲבֶר־ 2 Ch 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, sf. וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי Ez 46:21 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הַעֲבֵר Ps 119:37 + 2 t., הַעֲבֶר־ 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8; mpl. sf. הַעֲבִירוּנִי 2 Ch 35:23; Inf. abs. הַעֲבִיר Jos 7:7 (rd. prob. הַעֲבֵיר); cstr. הַעֲבִיר 2 S 3:10 +, לַעֲבִיר 2 S 19:19 (Ges:§ 53 q), etc.; Pt. מַעֲבִיר Dt 18:10, Dn 11:20, pl. מַעֲבִרִים 1 S 2:24 (v. infr.);—1. cause to pass over, bring over: a. cause one to cross river, c. 2 acc., Gn 32:24 (J), Nu 32:5, Jos 7:7 (both JE), 2 S 19:16, 19:42; acc. of river om. Gn 32:24 (J), Jos 4:3, 7:7 (+ Inf. abs,; both JE), 4:8 (JE; + אֶל־), 2 S 2:8 (+ acc. loc.). b. cause something to pass over (עַל־): razor (acc.) Nu 8:7 (P), cf. Ez 5:1 (where Co rds. sf. of razor), wind Gn 8:1 (P). c. make over to (ל), acc. of inheritance Nu 27:7, 27:8 (P); of making over, dedicating, something to (לְ) deity Ex 13:12 (JE; = קִדַּשׂ). Esp. d. devote children to (לְ) heathen god Je 32:35, Ez 23:37 ( + לְאָכְלָה), Lv 18:21 (H), cf. Ez 16:21; + בָּאֵשׁ by fire 2 K 23:10; c. acc. alone devote Ez 20:26; c. acc. + בָּאֵשׁ alone, devote by fire Dt 18:10, 2 K 16:3, 17:7, 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6, Ez 20:31 (on the practice cf. Now:Arch. ii. 205 f. Benz: Arch. 483 f. Toy:Ez 16:20, 20:26 GFM: JBL xvi (1897), 161 ff.).

2. a. cause to pass through, c. acc. + בְּ Ez 14:15, 47:3, 47:4 + v:4 (where ins. בְּ, cf. Co Berthol Toy), Nu 31:23, 31:23 (P); c. acc. + בְּתוֹח Ps 136:14; c. acc. pers. alone 78:13, + אֶל־ Ez 46:21, + עַד־אֲשֶׁר Ne 2:7; c. acc. of (sound of) שׁוֹפָר Lv 25:9 (H), + בְּ v:9 (P); c. acc. קוֹל = proclamation, + בְּ Ex 36:6 (P), 2 Ch 30:5, 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, Ezr 10:7 ( + לִ pers.), Ne 8:15. b. let pass through, c. acc. + בְּ pers. Dt 2:30.

3. a. cause to pass by, c. acc. + עַל־, Ez 37:2 (+ סָבִיב סָבִיב), + עַל־פְּנֵי Ex 33:19 (J), + לִפְנֵי 1 S 16:8, 16:10 and (לִפְנֵי om.) v:9. b. let pass by, c. acc. מוֹעֵד Je 46:17 he hath let the set time pass by (in mocking appell. of Pharaoh). c. cause arrow to pass beyond one 1 S 20:36. d. cause to pass under rod, for counting, Ez 20:37 (cf. Qal 5 g).

4. Cause to pass away, take away, kingdom (acc.) + מִן pers. 2 S 3:10, cf. Est 8:2, + מֵעַל Jon 3:6 (of putting off garment); c. acc. of sin 2 S 12:13, 24:20 = 1 Ch 21:8, Jb 7:21, + מֵעַל pers. Zc 3:4, Je 11:15 (rdg. יַעֲבִרוּ מֵעַל Ew Gf Gie); put away evil things (acc.) from (מִן), 1 K 15:12 cf. ‖ 2 Ch 15:8, Zc 13:2, Ec 11:10; c. acc. alone Ps 119:39, Est 8:3; also take me away (sf.) 2 Ch 35:23 (c. מִן) v:24; turn away eyes (acc.) + מִן Ps 119:37.—Gn 47:21 rd. הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים Sam LXX Vulgate Ol Kn Di Kau Holz; Je 15:14 rd. וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיְ LXX Targum Codd Gie; 2 S 12:31 rd. וְהֶעֱבִיד Hoffm:ZAW ii (1882), 53 f. Gr Klo Bu Kit HPS, cf. Dr Löhr; 2 S 19:41 (for ויעברו Kt, הֶעֱבִרוּ Qr) rd. עֹבְרִים LXX We Bu Löhr HPS, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Kit (v. Qal 5 a); Ez 48:14 rd. Qal (so Kt; v. Qal 6 e); מַעֲבִרִים עַם־י׳ 1 S 2:24 not good is the report which I hear the people of י׳ spreading (cf. 2), so Ew Th We Dr Kit Löhr RVm, but order of words difficult; > (ye) make the people of י׳ transgress Vulgate AV RV; text dub.; נוֹגֵשׂ מַעֲבִיר Dn 11:20 one causing an exactor to pass through Ew al. RV, Bev prop. נוֹגֵשׂ מ׳ an exactor causing to pass away the glory, etc.

I. עֵ֫בֶר:91 n. m.:1 S 14:40 region across or beyond, side (on format. cf. Ba:NB 144; cf. esp. As. êbru, êbirtu, id., êbirtan, adv. beyond);—י׳ abs. 1 S 14:4 +; cstr. Jos 24:4 +; sf. עֶבְרוֹ Is 47:15; pl. cstr. עֶבְרֵי Is 7:20, Je 48:28 (si vera l., v. infr.); sf. עֲבָרָיו 1 K 5:4, Je 49:32 (read probably עֶבְרֵיהֶם, so Vrss), עֶבְרֵיהֶם Ex 32:15; —

1. region across or beyond anything (usu. wady, river, or sea), mostly c. prep.: בר אַרְנוֹן:בְּעֵ Nu 21:13 (JE) Ju 11:18, cf. Je 25:22; הַיָּם אֶל־ע׳ Dt 30:13 b, מַעֵבֶר לַיָּם v:13 a beyond the sea; לְנַהֲרֵי־כוּשׁ מֵע׳ Is 18:1, cf. עַד־מֵע׳ 1 K 4:12 (מִן on the side of, on, v. מִן 1 c; so usu. c. ע׳); but also (rarely) מֵע׳ from the other side of Zp 3:10, Jb 1:19, 2 Ch 20:2; abs. הַע׳ 1 S 26:13 to the other side (sc. of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר); בְּעֵבֶר הָעֵמֶק 1 S 31:7, read perh. בְּעָרֵי הָע׳, so Klo Bu HPS; בְּעֶבְרֵי פִי־פָָחַת Je 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is dub.; Gie prop. בְּחֹרֵי כֵפֵי בַתֹּת in the rock-holes of the precipices; esp. (chiefly Hex, 37 t.) הַיַּרְדֵּן ע׳ (30 t.), or (less oft., Jos 13:32 + 13 t.), לַיַּרְדֵּן, לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ (only c. מֵע׳), of either E. Jordan (36 t.) or W. Jordan land (9 t.) acc. to standpoint of speaker or writer: A. E. Jordan (fr. standpoint of writer) Gn 50:10, 50:11 (J) Jos 17:5 (JE) Dt 1:1, 1:5, 4:41, 4:46, 4:47, 4:49, Jos 1:14, 12:1, 13:8 (D), Nu 22:1, 32:19, 34:15, Jos 13:27, 13:32, 14:3, 20:8 (P), Ju 7:25, 10:8, 1 S 31:7, Is 8:23, 1 Ch 6:63, 12:37; fr. standpoint of speaker, Jos 7:7 (JE), 24:8 (E), 1:15, 2:10, 9:10, 18:7, 22:4 (D), Ju 5:17; in Nu 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is land opp. to Can., cf. Nu 32:32; in Dt 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer (D) ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (oft. further topogr. note is added, e.g. מִזְרָ֫חָה Dt 4:49 +, מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Jos 1:15 +, etc.); אֶל־עֵבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂר׳ Jos 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel appar. also refers to E. side (v. Steuernagel on text). B. W. Jordan (9 t.), from standpoint of speaker Dt 3:20, 3:25 (Moses), also 11:30 (but here + מְכוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, and in all foll. some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה Jos 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), 12:7 (opposite East v:1–6), 22:7 (id.; Kt מעבר, Qr בְּעֵבֶר), cf. 9:1 (as 5:1); + וָהָָלְאָה Nu 32:19 a (opposite East v:b); in 1 Ch 26:30 מַעֲרָָבָה לַיַּר׳ מֵע׳ ע׳ seems = side (v. infr.). Also הַנָּהָר בְּע׳ beyond the river (Euphrates) Jos 24:2, 24:14, 24:15 (E; Kt Qr מֵע׳), מֵע׳ 2 S 10:16 = 1 Ch 19:16 beyond, and 1 K 14:5 to the other side of (v. מִן 1 c); מֵע׳ from beyond the river only Jos 24:3 (E), in all these = beyond the Euphr. eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphr.; so pl. בְּעֶבְרֵי הַנּ׳ Is 7:20; poss. also ע׳ alone (si vera l.) in the difficult passage Nu 24:24; הַנָּהָר ע׳ = region beyond the river (Euphr.) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Ne 2:7, 2:9, 3:7, Ezr 8:36; also 1 K 5:4, 5:4 (written in Bab.; cf. BAram. עֲבַר, and Dr:Intr (6) 504).

2. (Opposite) side, side: הַלָּז מֵע׳ 1 S 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; מִזֶּה מֵהָע׳ twice, v:4 = on one side, on the other side, so אֶחָד לְע׳ twice v:40; even מִשְּׁנֵי עִבְרֵיהֶם Ex 32:15 (E) on their two sides (i.e. of tablets); הָאֵפוֹד בָָּיְתָה אֶל־ע׳ Ex 28:26 (P) toward the inner side of the ephod; in 1 K 7:20, 7:30 ע׳ appar. = at the side of or opposite, but the archit. details are obscure; מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו מִסָּבִיב 1 K 5:4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו Je 49:32 (rd. עֶבְרֵיהֶם Vrss Gie) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּל־סְבִיבָָיִךְ v:5); אֶל־עֵבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵָכוּ to the side of their faces (i.e. in front, straight forward) they (always) went Ez 1:9, 1:12, 10:22, cf. פָּנֶיהָ עַל־ע׳ Ex 25:37 to give light upon the space in front of it; אִישׁ לְעֶבְרוֹ תָּעוּ Is 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee).—On 1 Ch 26:30 v. supr.

†II. עֵ֫בֶר n. pr. m. Eber (perh. eponym of Hebrews, form inferred from עִבְרִי, cf. reff. there);—

1. ‘ son ’ of Shelaḥ, and ‘ grandson ’ of Arpachshad Gn 10:24 (J) = 1 Ch 1:18, Gn 11:14, 11:15 (P); ‘ father ’ of Peleg and Joktan 10:25 (J; with esp. ref. to Joktan v:26 ff., i.e. to Arabians) = 1 Ch 1:19 (cf. v:20 ff.), of Peleg specif. Gn 11:16, 11:17 (P; with esp. ref. to Abr. v:26 f.) cf. 1 Ch 1:25 (see v:27 f.); in Gn 10:21 (J) Shem is called אֲבִי כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֵבֶר; LXX Εβερ.— ע׳ Nu 24:24 perh. (si vera l.) belongs not here ( = עִבְרִים Hebrews, LXX ̓Εβραίους, so Thes), but sub I. עֵבֶר = the (land) beyond (the river), ‖אַשּׁוּר, so Di Kau.

2. a Gadite chief 1 Ch 5:13, LXX Ωβηδ, LXXL Εβερ.

3.Benjamite names: a. 1 Ch 8:12, LXX Ωβηδ, LXXL Αβερ. b. 1 Ch 8:22 (עֵבֶר van d. H. Ginsb; עֶבֶד Baer), LXX Ωβδη, A Ωβηδ, LXXL Αβερ.

4. a priest Ne 12:20 LXXL Αβεδ.

†I. עִבְרִי adj. et n. gent. Hebrew, either a. put into the mouth of foreigners (Egypt. and Philist.), or b. used to distinguish Isr. from foreigners (= one from beyond, from the other side, i.e. prob. (in Heb. trad.) from beyond the Euphrates (cf. Jos 24:2, 24:3 E), but poss. in fact (if name given in Cannan) from beyond the Jordan; cf. Ges:§ 2 b Sta:§ 1 b Kö:i. 18 ff. We:Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. 7 Kau:‘ Eber ’ and ‘ Hebräer ’ in Ri:HWB 332; 600.—On connexion of ע׳ (in wide sense) with Håabiri (Tel Am.) v. Wkl:Gesch. Isr. 17 ff.; Sem. Studies in Mem. of Kohut, 605 ff. Emey:Aegyptica [Ebers], 75 cf. Glaser:MVG 1897, 255 ff. Kö:Exp. Times xi. 238; opp. Jastr:JBL xi (1892), 118 ff. Say:Monuments 188; 333 WMM:As. u. Eur. 396):—ms. ע׳ Gn 39:14 +; fs. עִבְרִיָּה Dt 15:12, Je 34:9; mpl. עִבְרִים Gn 43:32 +, עִבְרִיִּים Ex 3:18; fpl. עִבְרִיֹּת Ex 1:15 + 2 t., וֹת- 1:16 word not in P;—

1. adj. a. אִישׁ עִבְרִי Gn 39:14 cf. v:17 (both J), 41:12 (E). b. אִישׁ בְִרִי Ex 2:11 cf. v:13, 21:2 (all E), Dt 15:12, Je 34:9, 34:14; f. Dt 15:12, Je 34:9.

2. n. a. b. Ex 1:16, 1:19, 2:17 (all f.) 2:6 (all E), 1 S 4:6, 4:9, 13:19, 14:11, 29:3. b. Gn 40:15, Ex 1:15 (f.; both E), 1 S 13:3, 14:21, Gn 43:32 (J); esp. in אֱלֽהֵי הָעִבְרִים Ex 3:18, 5:3, 7:16, 9:1, 9:13, 10:3 (all J); sg. only אַבְרָם הָע׳ Gn 14:13 אָנָֹכִי ע׳ Jon 1:9.—LXX ̓Εβραῖος, ̓Εβραία, Gn 14:13 τῷ περάτῃ.—1 S 13:7 read prob. for וְעִבְרִים וגו׳, וְעָֽבְרוּ מַעְבְּרוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן (We), or, better, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Dr Kit Löhr; > וְעַם רַב Klo Bu HPS.

†II. עִבְרִי n. pr. m. Levite name, 1 Ch 24:27; LXX Αβαι, A Ωβδι, LXXL Αβαρια.

† עֲבָרָה n.f. ford, rare synon. of מַעֲבָר מַעְבָּרָה;—abs. הָע׳ 2 S 19:19 and they crossed the ford (v. עבר Qal 1 a); pl. cstr. עַברוֹת הַמִּדְבָּר 2 S 15:28 Kt (Qr עַרְבוֹת), so 17:16 van d. H. (but Baer Ginsb עַרְבוֹת Kt also), עַב׳ preferable (so Th We Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS), the fords of the desert (HPS 17:16 n. pr.).

† עֶבְרָה n. f. overflow, arrogance, fury;—abs. ע׳ Is 13:9 +; cstr. עֶבְרַת Zp 1:18 +; sf. עֶבְרָתִי Is 10:6 +, etc.; pl. עֲבָרוֹת Jb 21:30; cstr. עַבְרוֹת Ps 7:7, Jb 40:11; —

1. overflow, excess, outburst, זָדוֹן ע׳ Pr 21:24 excess of insolence; עַבְרוֹת אַפְֶָּ Jb 40:11 outbursts of thine anger.

2. arrogance, of Moab Is 16:6 ( + גַּאֲוָה), ן:גַּא hence Je 48:20 (+ id. v:29).

3. overflowing rage, fury: a. of men, Gn 49:7 (poem in J), Am 1:11 (both ‖אַף), Is 14:6, Pr 14:35, שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ 22:8 (i. e. rod wielded by him in fury, v. also La 3:1 infr.), עַבְרוֹת חוֹרְרָָי Ps 7:7 the outbursts of fury of my foes b. of י׳ Ho 5:10, 13:11 (‖אַף), Hb 3:8 (‖ id.), Is 9:18, La 2:2, Ps 90:9, 90:11; + חֲרן אַף Is 13:9, ‖ id. v:13, Ps 78:49 (+ זַעַם), 85:4; אֵשׁ עֶבְרָתִי Ez 21:36 (‖זַעַם), 22:31 (‖ id.), v:21, 38:19; שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ La 3:1 (cf. Pr 22:8 supr.); עַם עֶבְרָתִי Is 10:6 (i.e. obj. of my rage), cf. דּוֹר עֶבְרָתוֹ Je 7:29; יוֹם עֶבְרַת י׳ Zp 1:18 day of י׳'s fury (coming judgment), so Ez 7:19 (del. Co Berthol, after LXX, as gloss from Zp); so יוֹם עֶבְרָה Zp 1:15, Pr 11:4; יוֹם עֲבָרוֹת Jb 21:30; cf. עֶבְרָה Pr 11:23.

† [עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself;—Pf. 3 ms. הִתְעַבָָּר Ps 78:62; 2 ms. הַתְעַבַּ֫רְתָּ 89:39; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַבֵּר Dt 3:26, וַיִּתְעַבָָּר Ps 78:21, 78:59; Pt. מִתְעַבֵּר Pr 14:16, 26:17; sf. מִתְעַבְּרוֹ 20:2; —

1. be arrogant, Pr 14:16 (opp. יָרֵא).

2. a. put oneself in a fury, become furious, c. בְּ pers. Dt 3:26, Ps 78:62; c. עִם pers. 89:39; abs. 78:21, 78:59 (all of God); of man, c. עַל rei Pr 26:17. b. incite one to fury for oneself Pr 20:2 (si vera l.; cf. De Ges:§ 54 f.).

† עֲבָרִים n. pr. loc. ‘Abarîm (prop. regions beyond river or sea);—usu. הַר הָע׳ Nu 27:12, Dt 32:49 ( = הַל־נְבוֹ; both P), and הָרֵי הָע׳ 33:47 (לִפְנֵי נְבוֹ), v:48 (P); alone only חַעֲקִי מֵעֲבָרִים Je 22:20; the mountainous district in NW. Moab, just NE. of Dead Sea, GASm:Geogr. 548 and EBi Buhl:Geogr. 122; LXX Αβαρειμ(-ειν), but τὸ ἐν τῷ πέραν Nu 33:47, εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης Je 22:20.—Vid. also sub עִיִּים.

עֶבְרֹן n. pr. loc. Jos 19:38 (LXX Ελβων, A LXXL Αχραν); read probably עַבְדֹּן q.v. p. 715

† עַבְרֹנָה n. pr. loc. a station of Israelites in wilderness, one march from Ezion-geber, on Gulf of Aḳaba Nu 33:34, 33:35 (P); LXX (Σ)εβρωνα.

† I. [עָבוּר] n.[m.] produce, yield (cf. As. ebûru, id., Dl:HWB 11; Syr. ܥܰܒܽܘܪܳܐ corn);—cstr. עֲבוּד הָאָרֶץ Jos 5:11, 5:12 (P).

II. [עָבוּר] n. only in בַּעֲבוּר:47, בַּעֲבֻר (Gn 27:10, 27:31), prep. and conj. for the sake of on account of, in order that (perh. orig. for the produce or gain of), sf. בַּעֲבוּרִי 1 S 23:10, etc.;—

1. as prep.: a. Gn 3:17 ארורה האדמה בעבורך for thy sake, 8:21 בעבור האדם for man's sake, 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב־לִי בַּעֲבוּרֵח, v:16, 18:26, 18:29, 26:24, Ex 9:16 זאֹת ב׳ 13:8 זה ב׳ 1 S 12:22, 2 S 5:12, 6:12, 7:21, 9:1, 9:7, Am 2:6, 8:6 נַעֲלָָיִם ואביון ב׳, Mi 2:10 טָמְאָה ב׳ on account of uncleanness, Ps 106:32, 132:10, etc.; 2 S 12:21 הַיֶּלֶד חַי ב׳ because of the child, (being) alive (= while he was alive), Je 14:4 הָאֲדָמָה ב׳ חַ֫תָּה on account of the ground, (which) is dismayed, Jb 20:2 וּבַעֲבוּר חוּשִׁי בִּי rd. זאֹת וב׳, or וּבַעֲבוּרָהּ. † b. sq. inf. (cf. לְמַעַן), in order to, Ex 9:16 הַרְאֹתְְ אֶת־כֹּחִי ב׳, 1 S 1:6, 2 S 10:3 הֲּקֹר ב׳ את־העיר, 18:18: so לְבַעֲבוּר Ex 20:20, 2 S 14:20, 17:14; בעבור לְ 1 Ch 19:3 (‖ 2 S 10:3, no לְ). †

2. as conj. Gn 27:10 אֲשֶׁר יְבָרֶכְְ ב׳; without אשׁר, Gn 21:30 לְעֵדָה תִּהְיֶה לִ׳ ב׳ in order that it may be a witness for me, 27:4 תְּבָרֶכְְ נפשׁי ב׳, v:19, v:31, 46:34, Ex 9:14, 19:9, 20:20, Ps 105:45.

† [מַעֲבָר] n.[m.] ford, pass, passing;—only cstr.:

1. מַעֲבַר יַבֹּק Gn 32:23 (J) the ford of (the) Jabbok.

2. pass, מַעֲבַר מִכְמָשׂ 1 S 13:23 the pass of M.

3. passing, sweep, כָּל־מַעֲבַר מַטֶּה Is 30:32 every sweep of the rod (עָבַר 4 c).

† מַעְבָּרָה n.f. ford, pass, passage;—abs. מ׳ Is 10:29; pl. מַעְבָּרוֹת Is 16:2, Je 51:32, מַעְבְּרוֹת abs. Jos 2:7, 1 S 14:4; cstr. Ju 3:28 + 2 t.;—

1. ford, only pl. Jos 2:7 (JE), Ju 3:28, 12:5, 12:6, Is 16:2; so also 1 S 13:7 (for MT עָֽבְרוּ) We Dr Kit Löhr; + מַעְבֶּרֶת 1 K 7:46 = 2 Ch 4:17, v. סֻכּוֹת

2. pass (wady, ravine), 1 S 14:4, Is 10:29.

3. passage in defensive works of Bab. Je 51:32.

† [עָבַשׁ] vb. shrivel (cf. Ar. عَبَسَ contract (esp. face), frown);—Qal Pf. 3 mpl. עָֽבְשׁוּ פְרֻדוֹת Jo 1:17 the grains have shrivelled (cf. Dr Now).

† [עָבַת] vb. Pi. wind, weave (cf. derivatives);—Impf. 3 mpl. sf. וַיְעַבְּתוּהָ Mi 7:3 and (so) they wind it (or weave it; i.e. mischief); so Hi Che GASm, but dub.; Ew rds. עָבַט = twist, prevert (cp. Jo 2:7, but v. עבט), We וַיְעַוְּתוּהָ = id., cf. Now (?), Dr.

† עָבוֹת adj. having interwoven foliage, leafy;—עֵץ עָבוֹת leafy trees Ez 20:28, Ne 8:15; עֵץ עָבֹת Lv 23:40 (H); f. אֵלָה עֲבֻתָּה Ez 6:13 a leafy terebinth.—עָבוֹת 2 S 23:4, Ps 77:18 v. II. עָב sub עוּב.

† עֲבֹת n.m.: Ju 15:13+ et f.:Ju 15:14 + (twisted) cord, rope; cordage; interwoven foliage (?);—abs. ע׳ Ex 28:14 + 2 t.; cstr. עֲבוֹת Is 5:18, Ps 129:4; sf. 3 ms. עֲבֹתוֹ Jb 39:10, 3 mpl. עֲבֹתֵָימוֹ Ps 2:3; pl. עֲבֹּתִים Ju 15:13 +, עֲבֹתֹת +, Ex 28:14 +, etc.;—

1. cord, rope: a. as fetter, Ju 15:13, 15:14, 16:11, 16:12, Ez 3:25, 4:8, Jb 39:10 (of wild ox), so also prob. Ps 118:27 bind the festal victim (חַה) with cords Ew Ol De Hup-Now Dr al.; > with branches Che, cf. Bae Du; fig. of authority Ps 2:3 (‖מוֹסְרוֹתֵימוֹ), 129:4. b. עֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה Is 5:18 i.e. with which a cart is drawn (in sim.; ‖חַבְלֵי הַשָּׁוְא); fig. עֲבֹתוֹת אַהֲבָה Ho 11:4 with the cords of love, of י׳'s drawing Isr. (‖ חַבְלֵי אָדָם). c. cordage, cord, of (twisted) golden chains on high priest's breast-piece (all P): מַעֲשֵׂה עֲבֹת, cordage-work Ex 28:14, 28:22, 39:15; שַׁרְשְׁרֹת הָעֲבֹתֹת 28:14 the chains of cords (cordlike chains); עֲבֹתֹת(הָ)שְׁתֵּי the two cords v:24, v:25, 39:17, 39:18.

2. interwoven foliage (?) in phr. בֵּין עֲבֹתִים(עַל־) of top of a vine Ez 19:11 (clouds Ew Hi-Sm Toy, rd. then עָבוֹת); of cedar, 31:3, 31:10, 31:14, but in these certainly clouds, so LXX Ew Hi-Sm Co al.

† עֹג v. עוֹג p. 728

† [עָגַב] vb. have inordinate affection, lust (cf. Ar. عَجِبَ wonder, admire, عَجِيبُ beloved; and (on sens. obsc. in NH) Levy:NHWB iii. 616);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽגְבָה Ez 23:7, 23:9, 23:12; Impf. 3 fs. וַתַּעְגַּב v:5, + v:16 Kt (Qr וַתַּעְגְּבָה), וַתַּעְגְּבָּה v:20 (Ew:§ 191 c Ol:§ 228 b); Pt. pl. עֹגְבִים Je 4:30; —lust after (עַל־), only in fig. of relations of Samaria and Jerus. (personif.) with foreigners Ez 23:5, 23:9, 23:12, 23:16, 23:20, so c. acc. v:7; pt. as subst. paramours Je 4:30.

† [עָגָב] n.[m.] (sensuous) love (on form cf. Lag:BN 143);—only pl. intens. שִׁיר עֲגָבֹים Ez 33:32 thou art to them as a love-song.—For עֲגָבִים v:31 rd. כְּזָבִים LXX SyrVer Co Berthol Toy.

† [עֲגָבָה] n.f. lustfsless;—sf. עַגְבָתָהּ Ez 23:11 (of personif. Jerus.; ‖תַּזְנוּתֶיהָ).

† עוּגָב n.m. a musical instr. (poss. from abov √, because of sensuous or appealing tones);—Gn 4:21 (J; כִּנּוֹר ֔), Jb 21:12 (‖תֹּף, כִּנּוֹר), Ps 150:4 (מִנִּים ֔), sf. עֻגָבִי Jb 30:31 (‖כִּנֹּרִי);—acc. to Targum a reed-pipe or flute (אַבוּבָא), Vulgate a Pan's pipe (organon, made up of several reeds together); Now:Arch. i. 277 Benz: Arch. 276 think of bag-pipe ( = סוּמְפֹּנְיָה Dn 3:5, 3:10, 3:15), cf. also in We PsalmPsalm Eng. Tr. 219; > a stringed instr. LXX SyrVer (Gn 4:21).

עֻגָה v. עוג. p. 728

עגל (√ of foll.; cf. NH עָגַל Niph. berounded; Pi. roll a thing, etc.; Aram. Pa. ܥܰܓܶܠ roll a thing, and deriv.; Targum עֲגוּלָא rolled cake, עֲגִילָא shield, בַּעֲגָלָא, Syr. ܒܰܥܓܰܠ in swiftnees, swiftly; Ar. عَجِلَ hasten, be swift, cf. Lag:BN 31, 143).

† עֵ֫גֶל n.m.:Ex 32:24 calf (as rolling or circling about ? cf. כַּר fr. כָּרַר; NH id.; Ph. (Pu.) עגל id. Lzb:336; ענילו Palm. n.pr. id. Cook:89; Aram. ܥܶܓܠܳܐ, עִיגְלָא, עֲגַלְתָּא, id.; As. [agalu], pl. agalê prob. calves Dl:HWB 16 (cf. against this Jen Kosmol.110, but v. also Jäger:BAS ii. 2, 286); Ar. ܥܓܶܠܬܳܐ id.; Eth. عِجْلُ, cf. also Hom:NS 226);—ע׳ abs. Ex 32:19 +; cstr. 1 S 28:24 +; sf. עֶגְלֵךְ Ho 8:5; pl. עֲגָלִים Ho 13:2 +; cstr. עֶגְלֵי 1 K 12:28 +;—calf Is 11:6, 27:10 in sim. of leaping mts. Ps 29:6; in sim. of foot-sole of cherubim Ez 1:7; מַרְבֵּק ע׳ i.e. a stall-fed (fatted) calf 1 S 28:24, in sim. Je 46:21, Mal 3:20, cf. מִתּוֹךְ מַרְבֵּק ע׳ Am 6:4; לאֹ לֻמָָּד ע׳ Je 31:18 an untrained calf; עֶגְלֵי עַמִּים Ps 68:31 calves of peoples, i.e. peoples like calves, so most; perh. rd. בַּעֲלֵי עמ׳ Matthes Che Gunkel:Schöf. 66 f. cf. Bae; calf as sacrif. victim Mi 6:6, Lv 9:2, 9:3, 9:8 (P); cut in two, in ratifying covenant Je 34:18, 34:19 (cf. עֶגְלָה Gn 15:9); elsewh. image of calf: made at Horeb, מַסֵּכָה ע׳ Ex 32:4, 32:8, Dt 9:16, Ne 9:18; ע׳ alone Ex 32:19, 32:20, 32:24, 32:35, Dt 9:21, Ps 106:19; two set up by Jerob. I in N. Isr., 1 K 12:28, 12:32, 2 K 10:29, 17:16, 2 Ch 11:15, 13:8, cf. Ho 8:5, 8:6 (עגְלֵךְ, שֹׁמְרוֹן ע׳), 13:2; also 10:5 (v. 1. עֶגְלָה ad fin.).

† I. עֶגְלָה n.f. heifer;—abs. ע׳ Gn 15:9 +; cstr. עֶגְלַת Is 7:21 +; sf. עֶגְלָתִי Ju 14:18; pl. cstr. עֶגְלוֹת Ho 10:5 (but v. infr.);—heifer, Is 7:21, used in ploughing Ju 14:18 (fig.), threshing Je 50:11 (דָשָׁא ע׳, in sim., v. דּוּשׁ, read perh. דָשָׁה), fig. of stateliness etc. Je 46:20; מְלֻמָּדָה ע׳ Ho 10:11 a trained heifer (sim. of Ephr.); used for sacrif. 1 S 16:2 (עֶגְלַת בָּקָר); cut in two for ratifying covenant Gn 15:9 (J; מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת ע׳; cf. עֵגֶל Je 34:18, 34:19); in cleansing city from blood-guiltiness Dt 21:3 (בָּקָר ע׳), v:4, v:4, v:6; once of calves worshipped in N. Isr. Ho 10:5 (where read prob. עֵגֶל, so LXX We Now GASm, cf. Che, v. also the foll. sfs. ms.).

† II. עֶגְלָה n.pr.f. wife of David (on sense heifer cf. לֵאָה, רָחֵל; v. also Gray:Prop. N. 92, No.27);—2 S 3:5 (LXX Αιγαλ, A Αιγας, LXXL Αγλα) = 1 Ch 3:3 (LXX Αλα, A Αγλα, LXXL Εγλα).

† עֶגְלַת n.pr.loc.;—שְׁלִשִׁיָּה ע׳ (the) third, Eglath Is 15:5 (LXX δάμαλις τριερής) Je 48:34 (LXX ἀγγελιαν Σαλασεια), near Zoar and S. border of Moab.

† עָגֹל, עָגוֹל adj. round;—abs. עָגֹל 1 K 7:23 + 2 t., עָגוֹל10:19, 2 Ch 4:2; fpl. עֲגֻלּוֹת 1 K 7:31; —round 1 K 7:31, 7:31 (opp. מְרֻבָּעוֹת), 10:19; סָבְיב ע׳ round in circuit (perimeter) 7:23 = 2 Ch 4:2, 1 K 7:35.

† עֲגָלָה n.f. cart (from rolling of wheels; NH id.; Ph. (Pu.) עגלת (?) Lzb:336; Aram. עֲגַלְתָּא, ܥܳܓܶܠܬܳܐ; Sem. loan-word in Egypt. āgaræȧ Bondi:38, ‘agolt Erman:Egypt, 491; cf. also Wilkinson:Anc. Egypt. (1878), i. 223–241, esp. 235, also 249 (illustr. vehicles drawn by cattle, cf. 1 S 6:7, Nu 7:3));—abs. ע׳ 1 S 6:7 +, sf. עֶגְלָתוֹ Is 28:28; pl. עֲגָלוֹת Gn 45:19 +; cstr. עֶגְלֽת Nu 7:3; —cart, used for transporting persons and things Gn 45:19, 45:21, 45:27, 46:5 (E), 1 S 6:7, 6:7, 6:8, 6:10, 6:11, 6:14, 6:14, 2 S 6:3, 6:3 = 1 Ch 13:7; 13:7; Nu 7:3 (חָב ע׳ covered carts), v:3, v:6, v:7, v:8 (P); in sim. Am 2:13, עֲבוֹת הַע׳ Is 5:18 cart-rope, אוֹפַן ע׳ 28:27 of (threshing-) wagon (cf. Dr:Am. p. 228), גִּלְגַּל ע׳ v:28 id.;—ע׳ = war-chariots only Ps 46:10 (Du transport-wagons).

† עָגִיל n.[m.] hoop, ring;—abs. ע׳ Nu 31:50 prob. ear-ring (טַבַּעַת ֔, etc.); pl. עֲגִילִים עַל־ אָזְנָָיִח Ez 16:12 (+ נֶזֶן עַל־אַפֵח nose-ring).

עֶגְלוֹן:13 n.pr. (cf. Gray: Prop. N. 92, No. 27);—†

1. m. a king of Moab, Ju 3:12, 3:14, 3:15, 3:17, 3:17, LXX Εγλωμ.

2. loc. Jos 10:3, 10:5, 10:23, 10:37, 12:12, 15:34, c. ה loc. 10:34, מֵעֶגְלוֹ֫נָה v:36; LXX Οδολλαμ Jos 10; Αιλαμ 12:12, A Εγλωμ, LXX Εγλων, and so 15:39; site ï‘Aǧlân, N. of Tele-el-Ḥesy, Buhl:Geogr. 192.

עֶגְלַ֫יִם Ez 47:10 in עֵין ע׳ q.v. p. 745

† מַעְגָּל n.m.:Ps 65:12

1. entrenchment;

2. track;—abs. מ׳ 1 S 26:5 +, c. ה loc. הַמַּעְגָּ֫לָה 17:20; cstr. מַעְגַּל Pr 5:26 +; pl. cstr. מַעְגְּלֵי Ps 23:3, Pr 4:11; sf. מַעְגָּלֶיְ Ps 65:12, elsewh. מַעְגְּלוֹתֶיְ 17:5, מַעְגְּלֽתָיו Pr 5:21, תֶיהָ- 2:12, 5:6, תָם- 2:15, Is 59:8; —1. circumvallation, entrenchment 1 S 17:20, 26:5, 26:7. 2. track (prop. wagon-track), only fig.: a. in fig. of snares of wicked Ps 140:6. b. = course of action, or life, רַגֱלְָ מ׳ Pr 4:26, מ׳ 5:21 (‖דַּרְכֵי־אִישׁ); specif. good, right, חֶדֶק מ׳ Ps 23:3, ישֶׁר מ׳ Pr 4:11, טוֹב מ׳ 2:9, חַדִּיק מ׳ Is 26:7; bad sense Pr 2:15, 2:18, 5:6, Is 59:8; tracks of י׳ are those approved by him Ps 17:5; or those traversed by him, מַעְגָּלֶיְ וִרְעֲפוּן דָָּשֶׁן 65:12 fig. of richly-laden cart dropping its contents in its track.

†[עָגַם] vb. be grieved (NH id; Aram. עֲגַם, and ܥܓܡ (in Lexx.) id; cf. perh. also As. agâmu, be vexed Dl:HWB 16 (rare; cited under אגם));—Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽגְמָה נַפְשַׁי …אִם־לאֹ לָאֶבְיוֹן Jb 30:25 was not my soul grieved for the poor ? (‖בָּכִיתִי).

†[עָגַן] vb. Niph. shut oneself in or off (NH id., Pt. pass. restrained (esp. from marriage), also עוֹגִין anchor; Targum עֲגַן be imprisoned);—Impf. 2 fpl. תֵּעָגֵ֫נָה לְבִלְתִּי הֱיוֹת לְאִישׁ Ru 1:13 would ye shut yourselves off, so as not to belong to a man ?

עגר (√ of foll., meaning dubious; conject. in Meier:Wurzel WB 38 Lag:BN 59; on Gk. ἀγορ cf. Lewy:Fremdw. 8).

†עָגוּר n.[m.] appar. understood by Mass. as name of a bird; very uncertain; crane acc. to Saad. (Is), but note of crane not suitable (Tristr:NHB 239 f.);—וְתוֹר וְסוּס וְעָגוּר Je 8:7; כְּסוּס עָגוּר Is 38:14 (but here gloss Klo Brd Di Dn Che:Hpt); Thes and (in Je) Hi Gf Gie del. וְ and take ע׳ as adj. of סוס = twittering or the like; Thes assumes transpos. fr. גער, Eth. g9ra: cry.

I, II, III. עַד v. I. עדה. עֵד v. עוד. p.729

עֹד v. עוֹד. עִדֹּא v. עדד. below, p.728

עדד (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. عَدَّ count, reckon, عِدَّةُ number, period; Aram. עִדָּנָא time).

†[עִדָּה] n. f. menstruation, so Vrss (prop. time, period);—pl. abs. בֶּגֶד עִדִּים Is 64:5 i.e. stained garment (fig. of best deeds of guilty people; ‖טָמֵא).

†עִדּוֹ, עִדֹּא, עִדּוֹא n. pr. m. Iddo;—

1. father of an officer of Sol. עִדֹּא 1 K 4:14; LXX Αχελ, A Σαδωκ, LXXL Αχιαβ

2. grandfather of prophet Zechariah עִדּוֹ Zc 1:1, עִדּוֹא v:7; LXX Αδδω.

3. a Levite עִדּוֹ 1 Ch 6:6; LXX Αδει, LXXL Αδδω.

4. a priestly name עִדוֹא van d. H. Ginsb (Baer עִדּוֹ) Ne 12:4; LXX א etc. Αδαιας; also עדיא v:16 Kt (עֲדָיָא?), Qr עִדּוֹא; LXX א τῷ Αδδαι, LXXL τῳ Αδαια.

5. a seer עִדּוֹ הַחֹזֶה 2 Ch 12:15 = הַנָּכִיא עִדּוֹ 2 Ch 13:22, LXX Αδ(δ)ω; = יֶעְדּוֹ 2 Ch 9:29, Ιωηλ(δ).

עֹדֵד v. עוד. p.729

†I. עָדָה vb. pass on, advance (Ar. (عدو) عَدَا pass by, also run = Eth. 9adawa: pass by; Aram. עדי go along, go by (oft. for Heb. עָבַר, Aph. remove; Syr. ܥܕܳܐ pass by, come, c. ܥܰܠ fall upon);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. עָדָה Jb 28:8 the fierce lion hath not advanced upon it (sc. the way). Hiph. Pt. מַעֲדֶה בֶּגֶד Pr 25:20 removing a garment (cf. 38:19 Targum, Jon 3:6 Heb. and Targum).

†I. עַד and וָעֶָד (so alw.) n. m. perpetuity (= advancing time, cf. As. adû, time at the present times);—

1. of past time: מִנִּי עַר Jb 20:4; הררי עד Hb 3:6 ancient mountains (cf. עולם 1.).

2. of future time, לָעַד (usu. לָעַָד) for ever: a. during lifetime, of king Ps 21:7, Pr 29:14; of others Ps 9:19, 22:27, 61:9, Pr 12:19. b. of things, לָעַד בַּצּוּר יֵחָֽחֵבָוּן Jb 19:24. c. of continuous existence, of nations, גְּבֶרֶת עַד (of Babylon, cf. עולם 2c) Is 47:7 (yet v. III. עַד II 3); anger, לעד Am 1:11; elsewh. עֲדֵי עַד Ps 83:18, 92:8, Is 26:4, 65:18. d. of divine existence, שֹׁכֵן עַד Is 57:15; attributes, לָעַד Ps 111:3, 111:10, 112:3, 112:9; residence in Zion, עֲדֵי עַד 132:14; law of God לָעַד 19:10; promise as to dynasty of David, לָעד 89:30; עֲדֵי עַד 132:12; inheritance of land, לָעַד 37:29; continuous relations between God and his people 1 Ch 28:9, Is 64:8, Mi 7:18 לעד. e. phrases (see עולם 2 m): וְֹלָם וָעֶָד(לְ) Ps 9:6, 10:16, 21:5, 45:7, 45:18, 48:15, 52:10, 104:5, 119:44, 145:1, 145:2, 145:21, Ex 15:18, Mi 4:5, Dn 12:3; לָעַד לְעוֹלָם Ps 111:8, 148:6; עַד־עוֹלְמֵי עַד Is 45:17.—Is 30:8 rd. (עַד־עוֹלָם) לְעֵד for a witness SyrVer Vulgate Targum Ges Ew Di Che Du) for MT לָעַד.

†II. עַד n.[m.] booty, prey (upon which one advances, falls);—יאֹכַל עַד Gn 49:27 devour prey (‖שָׁלָל); עַד שָׁלָל מַרְבֶּה Is 33:23 prey of great spoil; קוּמִי לְעַד Zp 3:8 (of God) my rising up to the prey (Br:Mp); אֲבִי עַד Is 9:5 father i.e. distributor) of booty (Hi Kn Kue Br:Mp Du Che:Hpt; > Ges Ew Di al. everlasting father).

III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי († Nu 24:20, 24:24, Ps 104:23, 147:6, Jb 7:4, 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Is 26:4, 65:18, Ps 83:18, 92:8, 132:12, 132:14:cf. אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aram. עד, ܥܕ Sab. עד, עדי, Mordtm:ZMG xxx (1876), 27; DHM:xxxvii (1883), 414, As. adi Dl:§ 81 a (Ar. عَدَا is except); perh akin to عَدَا pass on, advance to, Kö:ii. 304, 309: עֲדֵי prob. from ground-form ï‘ădăy, Ol:428, 431 Kö:ii. 309 ff.; but Lag:Sym. ii. 101–3, Mitth. i. 231 f., as plur. like אַחֲרֵי);—with sf. עָדַי Nu 23:18 +, עָדֶיְ Mi 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם † Jb 32:12; 2 K 9:18 עַד־הֵם occurs;—as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Ar. حَتَّي Fl:Kl. Schr. i. 402 f.): I. prep.1 of space;—a. Gn 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, 12:6, 13:3, 13:12 + oft., Is 8:8 עד חואר יגעַ, 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, 25:12, 26:5, Ps 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, 69:2 דאו מים עד נפשׁ (cf. Jon 2:6, Mi 1:9, Je 4:10, 4:18), 90:3 תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֹשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Jb 11:7, etc,; pregn. Ps 118:27 אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו׳ bind…(and lead) up to…; Is 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Ex 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1 S 9:9, Ps 65:3 עָדֶיְ כָל־בָּשָׂר יָבאֹוּ Is 45:24, Jb 4:5, שׁוּב עַד י׳ Ho 14:2 al. (v. שׁוּב, stronger than שׁוּב אֶל־י׳); poet. Nu 24:20 וְאַחֲדִיתוֹ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, v:24; rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד † Nu 23:18, הִתְבּוֹנֵן עַד † Jb 32:12, 38:18 (usu. אֶל). Before another perp., 1 S 7:11 עַד מִתַּחַת ל׳ 1 K 4:12 עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל׳, עַד מֵעַל Ez 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Est 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) עַד אְלֵיהֶם 2 K 9:20:cf. עַד נֶגֶד Ne 3:16, 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Ju 19:10 +.

b. In the combin. עַד(וְ) …מִן , as Gn 10:19 עַד עַזָּה …מחידון from Sidon…as far as Gaza + oft. (v. מן 5 a); and idiom., not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Gn 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (v. מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Lv 11:42, Nu 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, cf. 1 S 18:4.

2. Of time: a. (a) even to, until Gn 8:5 even to the 10th month, Ex 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., v:15, v:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Gn 19:37, 19:38, עד היום הזה 26:33, 32:33, both + oft.; עד יום sq. inf. Ex 40:37, Jos 6:10, Ju 18:30; עד בקר till morning, Ex 12:10 + (15 t.), עד הבקר 16:23 + (11 t.); so ערב(ה)עד Ex 18:13, 18:14 +, poet. עֲרֵי ערב Ps 104:23; עַד עוֹלָם Gn 13:15 + oft.; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים 2 K 4:35; עַד דּוֹר וָדוֹר Is 13:20; v. also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, ad fin. And sq. another prep., Lv 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Ne 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Ju 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; cf. (b) end. (b) sq. inf., both of past time, as Gn 8:7, not found32:35 עַד עֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר, 33:3, 34:5, and esp. future time, as 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְְ until thy returning, 19:22, 27:45, Dt 7:20, 7:23, 20:20, 22:2, 28:20, 28:22, —both + oft.; cf. עַד בּוֹשׁ Ju 3:25 +; …עַד תֹּם Lv 25:29 + 10 t.; עַד תֻּמָּם Dt 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה † 2 K 13:17, 13:19, Ezr 19:14; (ם)עַד כַּלּוֹתָ 1 S 15:18, Je 9:15 +; עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר Ju 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְְ אֹתָם Dt 7:24 (cf. 28:48 Jos 11:14, 1 K 15:29, 2 K 3:25, 10:17, 24:20 [‖ Je 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֹ]; on the anom. הִ׳, v. Dr, rd. prob. הַ׳); and most prob. cf. Kö:iii. 583) in שָׂרִיד (לָהֶם)עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ Dt. 3:3 (v. Dr), + 5 t. (v. supr. p. 117), rd. prob. הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, esp. in (ם)עַד בֹּאָ, Gn 43:25, Ex 22:25, Nu 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tab. against their coming, 2 K 16:11, Ez 33:22; cf. 2 S 17:22. Ellipt. Ju 16:2 עַד אוֹד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr:§ 115). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q.v.) as עַד אָנָה, עַד־מָה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, cf. עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (v. מָה 4 b). (d) to suffest also degree (cf. 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֹם until there is no place Is 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר † Ps 40:13, Jb 5:9, 9:10; cf. Lv 26:18 וְאִם־עַד־אֵלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.

b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, cf. ἔως: so oft. Aram. עַד, ܥܰܕ, while), 2 K 9:22 what is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,? Jb 20:5 עֲדֵי רָָגַע during a moment; sq. inf. Ju 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Ex 33:22, Jb 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jon 4:2.

3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (v. מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste † Ps 147:15; Est 5:6 וּמַה־בֻּקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַד־חֲחִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ, v:3; 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a neg., to express not even as much as, Dt 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארחם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָָגֶל, and with אֶחָד, † Ex 9:7 עַד־אֶחָד …לאֹ מֵת , simil. 14:28, Ju 4:16, 2 S 17:22 (rd. אֶחָד for אַחַד: v. Dr). Sts. almost = Lat. adeo, 1 S 2:5 (si vera l.) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Jb 25:5 הן עד־יָרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Hg 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Na 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dub.) entangled even like thorns, 1 Ch 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. Cf.. 2 S 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לאֹ בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

II. Conj. 1. until;—a עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with pf., of past time, Ex 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Dt 9:21), Dt 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Jos 3:17, 8:26, Ju 4:24, 1 K 10:7 (2 Ch 9:6), 2 K 17:20, 17:23, 21:16; with suggestion of degree, 1 S 30:4 (sq. אֵין), 1 K 17:17; rarely of future time (the ‘future perfect,’ Dr:§ 17), 2 S 17:13 (of degree), Ez 34:21 So -עַד שֶׁ (oft. in NH; v. שֶׁ) † Ju 5:7, Ct 3:4, 3:4; עַד כִּי † Gn 26:13 עַד כִּי־גָדַל מְאֹד, 41:49, 2 S 23:10, 2 Ch 26:15; and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם † Gn 28:15, Nu 32:17, Is 6:11. (b) with impf., usu. of future time, Gn 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיְ, 29:8, Ex 23:30, 24:14, Lv 22:4, Nu 11:20, 20:17, 1 S 22:3, Ho 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jon 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Ec 2:3. So (of the future) -עַד שֶׁ † Ct 2:7, 2:17, 3:5, 4:6, 8:4, Ps 123:2; and עַד כִּי † Gn 49:10 עַד כִּי־יָבאֹ שִׁילֽה.

b. עַד alone, until: (a) with pf., of past time, Jos 2:22, 4:23 עַד־עָבַרְנוּ, 1 S 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, 2 S 21:10, 1 K 11:16, Ez 28:15; of the future (rare), 2 K 7:3 עַד מָָתְנוּ, Ez 39:15, Dn 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָָעַם. So עַד סִם (of the fut.), † Gn 24:19, 24:33, Is 30:17, Ru 2:21. (b) with impf., of future time, 1 S 1:22 (ellipt.: cf. Ju 16:2, 12 a (b) end), Is 22:14, 26:20, 32:15, 62:1, 62:7, Ps 57:2, 71:18, Jb 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Ex 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, v:16, Jos 10:13 (poet.) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֹי אוֹיְבָיו, Ps 73:17.—N. B. In poetry, עַד is sts. used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the fut., as Ps 110:1 (v. De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיְ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיְ, Ho 10:12, Jb 14:6 (but v. 3); after a neg. cl., Gn 49:10, Nu 23:24, Is 42:4, Ps 71:18, 112:8, Jb 8:21 (but rd. prob. with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding v:20 as present, not future).

2. While (rare: cf. 12 b):—a. with pf., 1 S 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake. b. with impf., Ps 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by. c. with ptcp., Jb 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but rd. prob. עֹד, as v:16, v:17), Ne 7:3. d. -עַד שֶׁ (without vb.) † Ct 1:12. So עַד לאֹ while not = ere yet (of past time) † Pr 8:26 עד לא עשׂה אדץ (so עַד לָא, ܠܳܐ ܥܰܕ, oft., e.g. Gn 24:15 Targum, Mt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the fut.) † Ec 12:1, 12:2, 12:6 (cf. Talm. עַד דְּלָא, Mishn. שֶׁלּאֹ עַד).

3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Is 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לאֹ שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; v. 1. עַד); Jb 14:6 (Di De Bu Du ) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Is 22:14 (Du). In Jos 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׁר עַד כֹּה בֵּֽרְכַנִי י׳, rd. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; cf. Di).

† III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Ch Ezr, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

1. of space: לְבוֹא חֲמָת עַד Jos 13:5, Ju 3:3, 1 Ch 13:5, מִדְבָּ֫רָה עד ל׳ 5:9, מחרים עד ל׳ 2 Ch 16:8; עַד לְמִזְרַהּ הַגָּ֑יְא 1 Ch 4:39, עַד לַמְחָד 12:17; עַד לִגְרָר 2 Ch 14:12; עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם 2 Ch 28:9, Ezr 9:6.

2. Of time: עד לעולם 1 Ch 23:25, 28:7; לְמֵרָחוֹק עַד 2 Ch 26:15, Ezr 3:13; Ezr 9:4 עד למנחת הערב; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezr 10:14 prob. during (Keil: Ges Be with regard to, strengthened for לְ); sq. inf. עַד לַעֲלוֹת הַמִּנְחָה 1 K 18:29; עַד לִכְלוֹת 1 Ch 28:20, 2 Ch 29:28; עַד לְכַלֵּה 2 Ch 24:10, 31:1; עד להשׁחית 26:16; עַד לָמוּת 32:24 (‖ 2 K 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezr 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

3. Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֹל even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1 Ch 12:23; עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly 2 Ch 16:12, 17:12, 26:8; עַד לִמְאֹד 2 Ch 16:14; עַד לְשִׂמְחָה 29:30 עַד לָרֹב not found31:30; עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 36:16.

† עֲדֶ֫נַָה Ec 4:2 Baer Ginsb (al. עֲדֶ֫נָּה), abbrev. עֲדֶן Ec 4:3 (from עַד־הֵנָּה, עַל־הֵן; cf. NH עֲדַיִן e. g. Ned. 9:10), adv. hitherto, still.

†II. עָדָה vb. ornament, deck oneself (Aram. in deriv. עִידּוּת, ornament; cf. perh. עֲדִיתָא, scurf, scab; Ar. عَدْوَي mange, scab, etc. [as sheathing, or excrescence ?], also عِدَني, broad stone for covering grave, etc., Lane:1979);—Qal Pf. 2 fs. וְעָדִית Ez 23:40; Impf. 3 fs. תַּעְדֶּה Is 61:10, וַתַּ֫עַד Ho 2:15; 2 fs. תַּעְדִּי Je 4:30, 31:4, וַתַּעְדִּי Ez 16:13; 1 S. sf. וָאֶעְדֵךְ v:11; Imv. ms. עֲדֵה־נָא Jb 40:10; —ornament; usu.

1. a. reflex., deck oneself with, c. acc. of (woman's) ornaments, of bride Is 61:10 (sim.; cf. הִלְבִּישׁ va); fig. of Isr. Ho 2:15, Je 31:4; Jerus. Je 4:30 (c. acc. cogn,; ‖לָבַשׁ), Ez 16:13 (מַלְבּוּשֵׁךְ in ‖ clause), 23:40 (c. acc. cogn.). b. metaph., עֲדֵה־נָא גָאוֹן וגוי Jb 40:10 deck now thyself [Job] with majesty.

2. c. 2. acc., וָאֶעְדֵךְ עֶָדִי Ez 16:11 and I decked thee [Jerus.] with finery (? rd. Hiph. וָאַ׳).

† עָדָה n. pr. f. (ornament; or (Ar. غُدْوَةُ, غَدْوَتُ) morning) LXX Αδ(δ)α;—wife,

1. of Lamech Gn 4:19, 4:20, 4:23 (J).

2. of Esau 36:2, 36:4, 36:10, 36:12, 36:16 (P:R).

† עֲדִי n.[m.] coll. ornaments (with which one is decked);—ע׳ abs. Is 49:18, עֶָדי Ez 16:11, 23:40; cstr. 2 S 1:24 +; sf. עֶדְיוֹ Ex 33:4 +, עֶדְיְְ Ex 33:5, etc.;—ornaments:

1. of women 2 S 1:24 (זָהָב ע׳), Je 2:32; of Jerus. under fig. of woman 4:30 (זָהָב ע׳), Ez 16:11, 23:40 (all acc. cogn. c עָדָה), Is 49:18 (sim.).—עֲדִי עֲדָיִים Ez 16:7, rd. prob. עַד עִדִּים unto menstruation (maturity), JDMich Co Berthol (rdg. בְּעֵת עִדּ׳), Toy. עֶדְיֵךְ Ps 103:5 [sf. ref. to נַפְשִׁי] is dub., LXX τ. ἐπιθυμίαν σου [rdg. אַוָּתֵךְ ? this usu. c. נֶפֶשׁ]; thine age, prime (cf. I. עַד) JDMich; Thes; conject. in Hup-Now Che Du.

2. of men Ex 33:4, 33:5, 33:6 (JE)

3. in gen., as feeding pride Ez 7:20 (חְבִי עֶדְיוֹ, sf. ref. to silver and gold, v:19)

4. trappings of horse Ps 32:9 (De Hup, cf. Du), si versa l., but prob, corrupt; Che (after v. Ortenb.) לִבְלָּם עַד יוּבַל אֵלֶיְ must be curbed till he can be brought, etc.

† עֲדִיאֵל n.pr.m. (an ornament is Ēl; cf. Sab. n.pr. עדאל Hal:51, Hal:2);—

1. a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:36, LXXA Εδιηλ, LXXL Αδαηλ.

2. a priest 1 Ch 4:36, LXX Αδιηλ.

3. father of officer, David's time 27:25, LXX Ωδιηλ—Cf. Gray:Prop, N. 225, 231.

† (וּ)עֲדָיָ֫ה n.m.pr.m. (י׳ has decked himself);—

1. עֲדָיָ֫הוּ father of a Judaean captain 2 Ch 23:1, LXX Αζεια, A Αδαια, LXXL Αδαιου (genit.). Elsewhere עֲדָיָה:

2. grandfather of Josiah 2 K 22:1, LXX Εδεινα, A Ιεδιδα, LXXL Οζιου (genit.)

3. a Levite 1 Ch 6:26, LXX Αζεια, A LXXL Αδ(α)ια.

4. Benjamite 8:21, LXX Αβια, A Αλαια, LXXL Αδαια.

5. a priest 9:12 Ne 11:12, LXX Αδαια(ς).

6. two with foreign wives: a Ezr 10:29, LXX Αδα, LXXL Αδαιας. b. v:39, LXX Αδαια, LXXL Αδδαιας.

7. a Judahite Ne 11:5, LXX. Οζ(ε)ια, LXXL Αδαια.

† עֲדִיתַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. town of Judah in the שְׁפֵלָה Jos 15:36. LXXA Αδιαθαειμ, LXXL Αγεθθαιμ.

I עֵדָה v. יִער II. III . עֵדָה v. עיר p. 417, 729f

[עִדָּה], (א)עִדּוֹ v. עדד. עֵדֻת עֵדוּת v. עוד p. 723, 730

עֲדִי, עֲדִיאֵל, (ו)עֲדָיָה v. II. עדה p 725, above

עדיא v. עדּוֹא. עִדִּים v. עִדָּה p. 723

עֲדִיתַיִם v. עדה p.726

I. עדל (√ of foll.; poss. = Ar. عَدَلَ act equitably (so Thes), As. edlu, hero).

† עַדְלָָי n.pr.m. 1 Ch 27:29, LXX. Αδαι, LXXL Αδλι.

II. עדל (√ of foll,; cf. Ar.عَدُلَ turn aside, whence עֲדֻלָּם = retreat, refuge, so Lag BN 54, cf. Dr:Sm. p. 293 Bhul:Geogr. 97).

† עֲדֻלָּם n.pr.loc old Canaanite city, LXX Οδολλαμ, with king Jos 12:15 (D), in the שְׁפֵלָה 15:35 (P; LXXL Αδαλαμ ), cf. Mi 1:15, Ne 11:30; (re-)built by Rehod. acc. to 2 Ch 11:17 (Οδολαμ); מְעָרֵת ע׳ (rd. מְחֻדַת, מְחָדַת, v. מְעָרָה sub I. ערר) 1 S 22:1, 2 S 23:13, 1 Ch 11:15; site prob. Iï‘d-el-Mîye ( 'Aid el-Ma), c. 13 miles WSW. from Bethlehem, v. GASm:Geogr.229 Buhl:Geogr.193 and reff.

† עֲדֻלָּמִי adj.gent. Adullamite;—אִישׁ ע׳ Gn 38:1, הָע׳ as subst. v:12, v:20.

I. עדן (√ of foll,; cf. Ar. غَدَنُ mollities, lanquor, etc., Frey (Kam.); Palm. עדנא (good) fortune Cook:89; NH עִידּוּן luxuriousness).

†I. [עֵ֫דֶן] n.[m.] luxury, dainty, delight;—pl. abs. עֲדָנִים luxuries 2 S 1:24 Si versa l. (rd. perh. סְדִינִים [v. סָדִין] Klo Gr HPS); pl. sf. Je 51:34 he hath filled his belly מֵעֲדָנָ֑י from my dainties (fig. of Nebuchad.'s plunder; Gie reads מֵעֲדַגָּ֑י); Targum Gf Rothst join with foll.: from my dainties hath he thrust me forth; fig. of delights of worshipping י׳, נַחַל עֲדֶנֶיְ Ps 36:9 (‖דֶּשֶׁן כֵּיתְֶָ ).

† [עָדַן] vb.denom.Hitp. luxuriate (NH Pi. delight (act.), so Syr. ܥܰܕܶܢ;—Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעַדְּנוּ בְּטוּבְְ Ne 9:25 and they luxuriated in thy great goodness (+ וַיּאֹכְלוּ וַיִּשְׂבְּעוּ וַיַּשְׁמִינוּ).

† II. עֵ֫דֶן n.pr.m. Levite name 2 Ch 29:12 (LXX Ιω(α)δαν), 31:15 (LXX. Οδομ, LXXL Ιαδαν).

† עַדְנָא n.pr.m. 1. man with foreign wife Ezr 10:30 (Ginsb; עַדְנָה van d. H. Baer), LXX. Αιδαινε, LXXL Εδ́α. 2. Ne 12:5, LXX א Αδάας, LXXL Εδ́ας.

†עֶדְנָה n.f. delight;—Gn 18:12 (sexual).

† עֵדְנָה n.pr.m.1. a prince of Judah 2 Ch 17:14, LXX. Εδ́α(α)ς 2. a Manassite 1 Ch 12:21, prob. (rdg. ע׳), with Codd., for עַדְנַח; van d. H. עַדְנָח, LXX Εδ́α).—Vid. also עַדְנָא. above

† I. [עָדִין] adj. voluptuous;—fs. עֲדִינָה as subst. Is 47:8 of Bab. personified, (thou) voluptuous one.—עֲדִינוֹ העחנו 2 S 23:8, read חֲנִיתוֹ עוֹרֵר אֶת־, ‖ 1 Ch 11:11 Th We Dr, cf. Ginsb:note.

† II. עָדִין n.pr.m. 1. in בְּנֵי ע׳, returned exiles Ezr 2:15 = Ne 7:20, Ezr 8:6, LXX. Αδ(δ)ιν, Ηδ(ε)ί, etc. 2. a chief Ne 10:17, LXX. Ηδ(ε)ιν, Αδειν.

† עֲדִינָא n.pr.m. Reubenite captian, David's time, acc, to 1 Ch 11:42, LXX Αδ(ε)ινα.

† [מַעֲדָן] n.[m.] dainty (food), delight only pl.;—מַעֲדַגֵּי מֶלָךְ Gn 49:20 royal dainties; הָאֹכְלִים לְמַעֲדַנִּים La 4:5 those who ate (acc. to dainties) daintily; more gen. וְיִתֵּן מַעֲדַנִּים לְנַפְשְֶָׁ Pr 29:17 he shall give delight to thy soul (‖וִינִידְֶָ).—מַעֲדַנּוֹת v. p. 588, also sub ענד. p. 772

II. עדן (√ of foll.; cf. perh. As. edinu, plain (in word-lists), Schr:Cot Gn 2, 8, Dl:Pa 79 f.; other views v. Di:Gn 2, 8).

† III. עֵ֫דֶן n.pr.terr. (prob. associated by Heb. with I. עֵדֶן);—district in which lay garden of י׳ home of Adam and Eve: וַיִּטַּע גַּן־בְּעֵדֶן Gn 2:8, river יֹחֵא מֵע׳ v:10, קִדְמַת־ע׳ 4:16; גַּן־ע׳ 2:15, 3:23, 3:24 (all LXX Εδεμ); cf. כְּגַן־ע׳ Ez 36:35, Jo 2:3 and כְּע׳ Is 51:3 (‖גַּן־י׳), all sim. of fertility; גַּן־אֱלֽהִים ע׳ Ez 28:13, אֲשֶׁר בְּגַן הָאֱלֽהַים עֲחֵי ע׳ 31:9, עֲחֵי ע׳ v:16, v:18, v:18 (LXX Ez Jo ἡ τρυφή; Is παράδεισος).

† עֶ֫דֶן n.pr. (? urb. Et) terr. conquered by Assyria (prob. = iv. עֵדֶן; pointed עֶדֶן to differentiate from III. ע׳, cf. WMM:As. u. Eur. 291);—בְּנֵי־ע׳ 2 K 19:12 (LXX υἱοὺς ̓́Εδεμ) = Is 37:12 (in Telassau), ע׳ alone Ez 27:23 (+ חָרָן וְכַנֶּה); prob. = (Bit-)Adini of Middle Euphrates Schr:COT 2 K 19, 12 Dl:Pa 263 f. —

בֵּית ע׳, v. p. 112.

עֲדֶן, עֲדֶ֫נָה v. עַד prep. sub I. עדה p. 725

עַדְנַח v. עַדְנָה sub I. עדן. p. 726

עַדְעָדָה v. II. עֲרוֹעֵר sub II. ערר p. 793

† [עָדַף] vb. remain over, be in excess, syn. of סרח q.v., only PH (NH id., Aram. עָדִיף superior (to); Ar. غَدَفَ be profuse, IV. let down veil, or curtain, etc.; غَدَفُ plentifulness);—Qal Pt. סֶרַח הָעֹדֵף Ex 26:12 the surplus (of curtains) that remains over, so f. הָעֹדֶ֫פֶת v:12, and הָעֹדֵף as subst. v:13 the excess in (ב) length; הָעֹדֵף = the surplus of food Ex 16:23, of price of field Lv 25:27; הָעֹדְפִים עַל־ those over and above, Nu 3:46, 3:49, cf. v:48 (no עַל־). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעְדִּיף Ex 16:18 have a surplus (of manna; opp. הֶחְסִיר).

† I. [עָדַר] vb. prob. (si vera 1.) help (Aram. loan-word, Syr. ܥܕܰܪ Targum עֲדַר (rare) = Heb. עזר q.v.; > Thes, assuming mng. arrange, order);—Qal Inf. cstr. לַעֲדֹר 1 Ch 12:34 (Baer Ginsb; van d. H. v:33; this mng. also LXX Vulgate); but < Codd. לַעֲוֹר (cf. v:18, v:22, v:23, van d. H. v:17, v:21, v:22), so Kau Buhl; Pt. pl. cstr. עֹדְרֵי מַעֲרָכָה v:39 (van d. H. v:38), rd. עֹרְכֵי (q.v. v:34) LXX Kau; see ערך.

† עַדְרִיאֵל n.pr.m. son-in-law of Saul (appar. Aram. name, my help is God = Heb. עַזְרִיאֵל q.v.; so Ne:Am. Jour. Sem. Lang, xiii (1897), 173 HPS cf. Gray:Prop. N. 309; cf. OAram. יעדראל ClGann:J As, 1883, Eev.-Mar., 139, No.13);—1 S 18:19 (LXX A Ιηλ, LXXL Εδριηλ), 2 S 21:8 (LXX Σερει, A Εσδρι, LXXL Εζρι).

† II. [עָדַר] vb. hoe (NH id.; so Ar. (in Syria) عَدَرَ, مَعْدُور pick, hoe, Cuche (معدور also Dozy:ii. 101 b); cf. Fl:Kl. Schr. ii. 628);—Niph. Impf. 3 ms. לאֹ יֵעָדֵר Is 5:6 it (the vineyard) shall not be hoed (‖יִזָּמֵר); 3 mpl. כַּמַּעְדֵּר יֵעָדֵרָוּן 7:25 which used to be hoed with the hoe (subj. הֶהָרִים).

† מַעְדֵּר n.[m.] hoe Is 7:25, v. foregoing.

†III. [עָדַר] vb. Niph. be lacking, fail (Ar. غَدِرَ remain or lag behind);—Niph. Pf., all c. לאֹ 3 ms. נֶעְדַּר לָהֶם 1 S 30:19 not anything was lacking to them; נֶעְדָָּר none was lacking 2 S 17:22, Is 40:25; of י׳, Zp 3:5 he doth not fail; 3 fs. נֶעְדָּ֔רָה Is 34:16 no wild beast is lacking. Pt. f. נֶעְדֶּ֫רֶת Is 59:15 truth has become lacking. Pi. Impf. 3 mpl. לאֹ יְעֲדְּרוּ דָּבָָּר 1 K 5:7 they left nothing lacking.

† I. עֵ֫דֶר n.m.:Gn 29:2 flock, herd (NH id.; Aram. עַדְרָא; on LXX Γαδερ Gn 35:16 ( = HCT v:21) v. Lag:BN 76 f., who assigns ע׳ therefore, plausibly, to III. עדר (غدر), as lagging, loitering);—ע׳ abs. Gn 32:17, 32:17 +, cstr. Ct 4:1 +; sf. עֶדְרוֹ Is 40:11 +; pl. עֲדָרִים Gn 29:2 +, cstr. עֶדְרֵי Mi 5:7 +, etc.;—

1. flock: a. of sheep, חאֹן ע׳ Gn 29:2 (J), Mi 5:7, הַח׳ ע׳ Jo 1:18; cf. Gn 29:2, 29:3, 29:8, 30:4 (all J), 1 S 17:34, Je 51:23, Mal 1:14; ‖חאֹן Ez 34:12 (sim.), Pr 27:23; + בְּהֵמָה 2 Ch 32:28; הָֽרְחֵלִים ע׳ Ct 6:6 = 4:2 (ins. prob. הָֽר׳); sign of desolation Is 17:2, 32:14 (מִרְעֵה ע׳), Zp 2:14, Je 6:3, of peace 31:24; in sim. also Mi 2:12, Je 31:10, Ps 78:52; fig. of Isr. Is 40:11, Je 13:20 (‖חאֹן), יהוה ע׳ v:17, so עֶדְרוֹ Zc 10:3. b. of goats, הָעִזִּים ע׳ Ct 4:1, 6:5. c. undefined Ju 5:16, Jb 24:2, Ct 1:7.

2. herds, flocks and herds; a. incl. sheep, cattle, etc., Gn 32:17, 32:17, 32:17, 32:17, 32:20 (cf. v:14; all E). b. specif. בָקָר ע׳ Jo 1:18.—מִגְדַּל־עֵדָר v. p. 154 supr.

† II. עֵ֫דֶר n.pr.m. (cf. Nab. n.pr. עדרו = Ar. غُدِرَ Lzb:337);—a Levite 1 Ch 23:23, 24:30, LXX Αιδαθ, Ηλα, A LXXL Εδερ.

† III. עֵ֫דֶר n.pr.loc. in extreme S. of Judah Jos 15:21, site unknown; LXX Αρα, A Εδραι, LXXL Εβερ.

† [עֶ֫דֶר] n.pr.m. a Benjamite, עָָדֶר 1 Ch 8:15; LXX Ωδηδ, A Ωδερ, LXXL Αδαρ.

† [עֲדָשָׁה] n.f. lentile (NH עֲדָשָׁה id.; Löw:No. 140; Ar. عَدَسُ; on formation v. Lag:BN 50);—pl. עֲדָשִׁים growing 2 S 23:11; art. of food, 2 S 17:28, Ez 4:9; נְזִיד ע׳ Gn 25:34 (J) pottage of lentiles.

עַוָּא v. עַוָּה p.731

עוב (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. غيب, غَابَ be absent, hidden, of sun, set; غَابَةُ hidden place, thicket, wood, so Syr. ܥܳܒ; hence obscuring clouds, cf. NH עָב, Aram. עִיבָא cloud(s)).

II. עָב:33 n.m.:Is 19:1 and (1 K 18:44 Kö:Synt. 103) f. dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket;—ע׳ abs. 1 K 18:44 +, cstr. Is 18:4, Pr 16:15; pl. עָבִים Ju 5:4 + , עָבוֹת 2 S 23:4, Psalm 77:18; cstr. עָבֵי 2 S 22:12, Ps 18:12; sf. עָבָיו 18:13 (but prob. del., v. עבר Qal ad fin.);—

1. dark cloud: a. rain-cloud Ju 5:4, Is 5:6, 1 K 18:44, 18:45 + 9 t. b. as high Is 14:14, Jb 20:6, + Ez 19:11, 31:3, 31:10, 31:14 (rdg. בְָוֹת, v. עֲבֹת). c. chariot of י׳ Is 19:1, Ps 104:3; covering his eyes Jb 22:14. d. casting shadow Is 25:5, cf. 2 S 23:4. e. as swift Is 60:8, and transient 44:22, Jb 30:15 (all sim.). f. disposed by God Jb 36:29, 37:16. g. טַל ע׳ Is 18:4 cloud of dew, dew-mist (sim.).

2. (cloud-) mass, שְׁחָקִים ע׳ 2 S 22:12 masses of clouds (enwrapping י׳) = Ps 18:12 (v:13 v. supr.).

3. thicket as refuge Je 4:29 (perh. under Aram. influence).—עַב Ex 19:9 v. עֲבִי sub עבה. I. עָב v. p. 713 supr.

†[עוּב] vb. denom. Hiph. becloud, Impf. 3 ms. יָעִיב בְּאַפוֹ אֲדֹנָי אֶת־כַּת־חִיּוֹן La 2:l (Bu הֵעִיב).

עוג (√ of foll., cf. NH id. draw a circle, (circular) ditch; Aram. עוּגִית id.; Ar. عَوِجَ be crooked, curved, bent, عَاجَ elephant's tusk, tortoise-shell).

†עֻגָה n.f. disc or cake of bread;—abs. ע׳ Ho 7:8, 1 K 17:13, cstr. עֻגַת 19:6, Ez 4:12; pl. עֻגוֹת Gn 18:6, Nu 11:8; cstr. עֻגֹת Ex 12:39; —bread-cake, made of קֶמַח סֹלֶת Gn 18:6 (J), of קֶמַח 1 K 17:13, of manna Nu 11:8 (JE; vb. בִּשֵּׁל), of barley Ez 41:2 (sim.); unleavened, עֻגֹת מַצּוֹת Ex 12:39 (E; vb. אָפָת); רְחָפִים ע׳ 1 K 19:6 cake of hot-stones i.e. baked on them; metaph. כְּלִי הֲפוּכָה ע׳ Ho 7:8 Ephr. is a cake not turned (i.e. burnt, ruined).—On ע׳ v. Benz:Arch. 85 f. Now:Arch. i. 111 Kennedy:Ency. Bib. BREAD and synonyms, Ib.:CAKE.

† [עוּג] vb. denom. bake (a cake; lit. make a cake of);—Qal Impf. 2 ms. sf. 3 fs. תְּעֻגֶנַָה (so Baer Ginsb, > van d. H. תְּעֻגֶּנּה) thou shalt bake it (on form v. Kö:i. 496 f. Ges:§ 59 k) Ez 4:12.

†מָעוֹג n.[m.] cake;—abs. 1 K 17:12; לַעֲגֵי מ׳ Ps 35:16 mockers of (for) a cake, i. e. buffoons, but LXX Che al. rd. לַעַג (לָֽעֲגוּ לֽעֲגַי.

†עוֹג and (1 K 4:19) עֹג n.pr.m. (orig. n.pr. div. acc. to RS:Sem i. 91, 2nd ed, 93);—Og, giant king of Bashan (i. e., peculiarly, of a country, v. RS:1.c.), usu. + מִיחוֹן (q.v.); Nu 21:33 (JE), 32:33 (P), Dt 1:4, 3:1, 3:3, 3:4, 3:10, 3:11, 3:13, 4:47, 29:6, 31:4, Jos 2:10, 9:10, 12:4, 13:12, 13:30, 13:3 (prob. all D), 1 K 4:19, Ne 9:22, Ps 135:11, 136:20; LXX (Ωγ (Τωγ B Dt 3:1, 4:47).

עוּגָב, עֻגָב v. עגב. p. 721

† [עוּד] v.b. prob. return, go about, repeat, do again (Ar. عود, عَادَ return, do again IV. resotre, also say again, iterate, عَادَةُ habit ; Eth. 9od: turn about, surround, 9awada: circuit, circle; Syr. Pa. ܥܰܝܶܕ accustom, Ethpe. Aph. be accustomed, ܥܝܳܕܳܐ usage, ceremong, ܥܺܝܕܳܐ festival (Brock), whence ar. عِيدَ id., as loan-word, Frä:276; Palm. עידא usage Lzb:337 Cook:90; NH עֵד, and esp. עֵדוּת = BH, also עִיד festival, Targum עִידָא; cf. prob. As. Shaph. usû-id, he he solemnly affirmed Dl:HWB 32);—only intens. : Pi. surround (cf. Eth.), Pf. 3 ms. sf. עִוְּדֻנִי Ps 119:61 (cf. סְבָבוּנִי 18:6). Pōlï‘ēl, restore, relieve (cf. Ar. IV.), Impf. 3 ms. יְעוֹדֵד, c. acc. pers. Ps 146:9 (‖שָׁמַר, opp. עִוֵּת), 147:6 (opp. הִשְׁפִּיל). Hithpōl. be restored, Impf. 1 pl. וַנִּתְעוֹדָָּד Ps 20:9 ( + קוּס, opp. נָפֵל; LXX ἀνωρθώθημεν.

עוֹד and (14 t.: Fr:MM 256) עֹד, subst. a going round, continuance, but used mostly as adv. acc. still, yet, again, besides: with sf. עוֹדֶנִּי (with appar. verbal form, like אֵינֶנִּי: Ol:§ 222 g Sta:§ 352 b Kö:ii. 444, iii. 360 Ges:§ 100. 5), † Dt 31:27, Jos 14:11, 1 S 20:14, עוֹדִי † Gn 48:15, Ps 104:33, 139:18, 146:2; עוֹדְְ Gn 46:30 + 4 t., f. עוֹדָךְ † 1 K 1:14; עוֹדֶנּוּ Gn 18:22 + 20 t. (never עוֹדוֹ), עוֹדֶנָּה † 1 K 1:22, עוֹדָהּ † Is 28:4; עוֹדָם † Ex 4:18, Est 6:14, 3 fpl. עוֹדֶינָה † La 4:17 Kt (Qr 1 pl. עוֹדֵינוּ); there occur also עוֹד אֲנִי † 2 S 14:32, Dn 9:20, 9:21, and עוֹד הֵם † Is 65:24:—

1. as adv.: a. (a) expressingcontinuance, persistence, usu. of the past or present, still, yet, Gn 18:22 ואברהם עודנו עמֵד and A., he was still standing before י׳ (note oft. so עוֹדֶנּוּ after cas. pend., 44:14, 1 S 13:7, 1 K 12:2, Je 33:1, 2 Ch 34:3), 29:7 הן עוד היום גדול the day is still high, 31:14, 43:7 הַעוֹד אֲבִיכֶם חַי, v:27, 45:3, Ex 4:18, 9:2, Nu 19:13, Ju 6:24, 8:20, 1 K 20:32 הַעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי 2 S 14:32 (but Kö:iii. 558 עַד), 18:14; Is 5:25 ועור יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה; 10:32 עוֹד הַיּוֹם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד still to-day (such is his haste) will he tarry in Nob; 1 K 22:44 עוד חעם מְזַכְּחִים the people were still sacrificing, etc. (so 2 K 12:4 +); 2 S 1:9 כי־כל־עוד נפשׁי בי Jb 27:3 (v. כֹּל 1 f; Mi 6:10 (v. הֲ 1 b end, and Ke; but also We Now); La 4:17 the sf. is anticipatory, either of eyes (Kt) or our (Qr LXX), poet. for כָּלוֹת עוֹד עֵינֵינוּ; but Dys Löhr al. rd. עַד מָה for עַ׳ Bi:1 Wild simply עוֹד 2 Ch 14:6 rd. either עוֹדֵנוּ (sf. 1 pl. antic. of לפנינו), or עוֹד. Twice, peculiarly, עוֹד לאֹ still not (Germ. noch nicht) i.e. not yet (in class. Heb. טֶרֶם), Je 40:5 עוֹדֶנּוּ לא ישׁוב, 2 Ch 20:23 ועוד העם לא הֵכִינוּ לבבם (the vb. fin. on acc. of לאֹ). Sq. וְ Nu 11:33 הבשׂר עודנו בין חרה בעם ואף י׳ …שׁנּיהם the flesh was still between their teeth ..., and ( = when) etc., (cf. Ps 78:30 f. Jb 8:12); and oft. in the phr. (מְדַבְּרִים) מְדַבֵּר (עוֹדָם וגו׳) עוֹדֶנּוּ he (they, etc.) was (were) still speaking, and (= when) etc., Gn 29:9 עודנו מְדַבֵּר עמם ורחל באה, 1 K 1:22, 1:42, 2 K 6:33, Est 6:14, Dn 9:20, 9:21, so …עוֹד זֶה Jb 1:16, 1:17 (+ v:18 for עַד): and of the future, 1 K 1:14, Is 65:24 עוֹד הֵם מְדַבְּרִים ואני אשִׁמע); cf. Ex 9:17. (b) Expressing addition or repetition, still, yet, more, Gn 7:4 כי לימים עוד שׁבעה after yet seven days, 8:10, 8:12, 29:27, 29:30 עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות, 45:6, 2 K 6:33, Is 1:5, Hb 2:3 כִּי עוֹד חָזוֹן לַמּוֹעֵד (cf. Dn 10:14, 11:2, 11:27, 11:35), Je 13:27 אַחֲרֵי מָתַי עוֹד after how long still ? with stress on the idea of continuance, Gn 46:29 וַיֵּבְךְ עַל חַוָּארָיו עוֹד still going on (AV. a good while), Ru 1:14, Ps 84:5 עוד יהללוך they will be still praising thee, Jb 34:23; with עוֹד prefixed for emph., Ex 11:1 עוד נגע אחד אביא על פ׳, Is 49:20, 56:8 עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ וגו׳, Ez 8:13, 8:15, Ps 42:6, 92:15 +; in the phr. עוֹד מְעַט וְ sq. pf. consec., † Ex 17:4 עוד מעט וּסְקָלֻנִי yet a little, and they will stone me, Ho 1:4, Je 51:33, cf. Ps 37:10, Is 10:25, 29:17; simil. Jon 3:4 (cf. בְּעוֹד Is 21:16), 2 Ch 10:5 (but see LXX and ‖ 1 K 12:5); עוד …לא no more, both of the past, as Ex 2:3, Jos 5:1, 5:12, 1 K 10:5, and of the fut., as Gn 17:5 לא יִקָּרֵא עוד שׁמך א׳, 32:29, Dt 31:2, Is 2:4, 30:20, 62:4, Je 3:16 + oft., לא …עוד Gn 8:22; so with אֵין Is 23:10, Je 10:20, 48:2, Ps 74:9 al. b. When the continuance is limited by its nature to a single occurrence, עוֹד becomes = again, Gn 4:25, 9:11 לא יִכָרֵת כל בשׂר עוד, 18:29 וַיֹּסֶף עוֹד לְדַבֵּר and he added still to speak, i.e. he spake yet again (so oft. with יָסַף; v. √), 24:20 וַ֫תָּרָץ עוֹד and she ran again, 29:33 וַתַּ֫הַר עוֹד, 35:9, 37:9, Ex 3:15, 4:6, Dt 3:26, 1 S 10:22 + oft.; with עוֹד prefixed, Ho 12:10, Je 31:4, 31:5, 31:23, 32:15, 33:12, 33:13; עוֹד …לא not again, no more, Dt 13:17, 34:10. c. Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense); Gn 19:12 עוֹד מי לך פה whom hast thou here besides ? 43:6 הַעוֹד לָכֶם אָח Am 6:10; 1 S 10:22 הֲבָא עוֹד הֲלֽם אִישׁ is there still a man come hither ? (sc. besides ourselves: but LXX We al. הֲבָא הֲלֽם הָאִישׁ), 16:11 עוֹד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן, 18:8 ועוד לו אך המלוכה, 1 K 22:7, 22:8, 2 K 4:6 אֵין עוֹד כֶָּלִי, Is 5:4, Je 36:32, Ez 20:27, 23:38, 36:37, Pr 9:9, Ec 12:9, 1 Ch 29:3, 2 Ch 17:6 +; וְאֵין עוֹד and there is none besides, † Dt 4:39 (cf. v:35), 1 K 8:60, Is 45:5, 45:6, 45:14, 45:18, 45:22 (cf. v:21), 46:9, Jo 2:27, אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד † Is 47:8, 47:10, Zp 2:15.

2. With prefixes:—† a. בְּעוֹד, lit. in the continuance of ..., i.e. (a) while yet: Gn 25:6 בְּעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי while he was yet alive, Dt 31:27, 2 S 12:22 בְּעוֹד הַיֶּלֶד חַי, Is 28:4, Ps 39:2, Jb 29:5; בְּעוֹדִי alone, = so long as I live, Ps 104:33, 146:2 (‖בְּחַיַּי); 2 S 3:35 בעוד היום, Je 15:9 בעוד יומם, Pr 31:15. (b) within yet, usu. of time, Gn 40:13 בְּעוֹד שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים יִשָּׂא וגו׳ within yet three days, etc., v:19, Jos 1:11, Is 7:8, 21:16 בְּעוֹד שָׁנָה (sq. pf. cons.), Je 28:3, 28:11, Am 4:7; but also of distance, Gn 48:7 בְּעוֹד כִּבְרַת ארץ לבוא אפרתה (cf. 35:16 ויהי עוד וגו׳); cf. SI:2 ובעוד שׁלשׁ [נָּקֵב]אמה לה. b. † מֵעוֹד, lit. from the continuance of ..., only in the phr. (מֵעוֹדְְ) מֵעוֹדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was (thou wast) unto this day, Gn 48:15, Nu 22:30.

† עֹדֵד, עוֹדֵד n. pr. m (restorer);—LXX Ωδηδ, Αδαδ:

1. עֲזַרְיָהוּ בֶן־עו׳ 2 Ch 15:1, so read also v:8 (MT עֹדֵד alone).

2. עֹדֵד a prophet 2 Ch 28:9.

עֵד:69 n. m.:Dt 17:6 witness (prob. fr. reiterating, hence emphatically affirming);—ע׳ abs. Gn 31:48 +, cstr. Ex 20:16 +; sf. עֵדִי Jb 16:19; pl. עֵדִים Nu 35:30 +, cstr. עֵדֵי Ps 27:12, 35:11; sf. עֵדַי Is 43:10, 43:12, etc.;—†

1. witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Gn 31:44, 31:48, 31:52 (JE), torn animal Ex 22:12 (E), song of Moses Dt 31:19, 31:21 (J), law-book v:26 (D), witness of י׳ against Israel; altar E. of Jordan, c. בֵּין, Jos 22:27, 22:28, 22:34 (P), cf. Is 19:20; Job's evil condition Jb 16:8; the moon Ps 89:38.

2. witness, a person: † a. God, in heaven for Job Jb 16:19; on earth, for Samuel 1 S 12:5, 12:5 + v:6 LXX Th and most, Jeremiah Je 42:5; see also 1 S 20:12 (ins. עֵד bef. י׳ SyrVer Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS); against persons Je 29:23, Mal 3:5, nations Mi 1:2; between (בֵּין persons Gn 31:50 (E). b. Davidic dyn., to nations Is 55:4. c. witnesses, of transfer of property Je 32:10, 32:12, 32:25, 32:44, betrothal Ru 4:9, 4:10, 4:11; usu. of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, c. בְּ against, Nu 5:13, Jos 24:22, 1 S 12:5 +, c. קום rise up against Ps 27:12, 35:11; † עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ answer (in court) as a false witness against Ex 20:16 = עֵד שָׁוְא Dt 5:17, Pr 25:18; † לְפִי עֵדִים Nu 35:30 (P); † (ים)עַל־פִּי עֵדִ Dt 17:6, 17:6 at the mouth of witnesses, so 19:15, 19:15.—False witness is שֶׁקֶר ע׳ Ex 20:16, Dt 19:18, 19:18, Ps 27:12, Pr 6:19, 14:5; שְׁקָרִים ע׳ 12:17, 19:5, 19:9; כְּזָבִים ע׳ 21:28; חִנָּם ע׳ 24:28; בְּלִיַּעַל ע׳ 19:28; חָמָס ע׳ witness of (i.e. supporting) violence Ex 23:1 (E) Dt 19:16, Ps 35:11. Faithful witness is אֱמוּנִים ע׳ Pr 14:5; אֱמֶת ע׳ Je 42:5, Pr 14:25.

† II. עֵדָה n. f. testimony, witness, of things (only E);—Gn 21:30, 31:52, Jos 24:27, 24:27 (J uses עֵד for feminine things).—I. עֵדָה v. יעד. p. 417

† [עוּד] vb. denom. (Gerber:42 f.) bear witness;—Qal Impf. 1 S. sf. אֲעוּדֵךְ La 2:13 Kt; < Hiph. Qr Bu. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵעִיד 2 K 17:15, Mal 2:14; הֵעִד Gn 43:3; 2 ms. הַֽעִי֫דֹתָ Ne 9:34; הַֽעֵדֹ֫תָה Ex 19:23; 1 S. הַֽעִידֹ֫תִי Dt 4:26, Je 42:19; 3 mpl. הֵעִ֫ידוּ Ne 9:26, etc.; Impf. וַיָּ֫עַד 2 K 17:13, Zc 3:6; 3 fs. sf. וַתְּעִידֵ֫נִי Jb 29:11 + 15 t. Impf.; Inf. abs. הָעֵד Gn 43:3 + 4 t.; Imv. הָעֵד Ex 19:21 + 2 t. Imv. Pt. מֵעִיד Dt 32:46.—

1. testify, bear witness, c. sf. against one 1 K 21:10, 21:13; in favour of Jb 29:11, La 2:13 (Qr); c. בֵּין Mal 2:14.

2. cause to testify, take as witness, c. acc. pers. Is 8:2, Je 32:10, 32:25, 32:44; call as witness, invoke, c. acc. את השׁמים ואת הארץ + בְּ against Dt 4:26, 30:19, 31:28.

3. protest, affirm solemnly, warn: subj. men, abs. Je 6:10, Ne 13:15; c. בְּ pers. Gn 43:3, 43:3 (J) Ex 19:21 (E) 1 S 8:9, 8:9, 1 K 2:42, 2 Ch 24:19, Ne 9:26, 13:21, Je 42:19, Am 3:13; exhort solemnly, admonish, charge, י׳ subj., c. בְּ pers., Ex 19:23 (J) Dt 8:19, 2 K 17:13, Ne 9:29, 9:30, Je 11:7, 11:7, 11:7, Zc 3:6, Ps 50:7, 81:9; enjoin solemnly, c. בְּ pers. + acc. rei עֵדְוֹת 2 K 17:15, Ne 9:34, דברים Dt 32:46. Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהוּעַד consec. Ex 21:29 (E) impers. and protest be entered, c. בְּ pers.

† III. [עֵדָה] n. f. onlyl pl. MT testimonies (always of laws as divine testimonies or solemn charges);—pl. abs. עֵדֹת Dt 4:45, 6:20; sf. (of י׳), עְדֹתִי Ps 132:12 (Ges:§ 91 n.), עֵדֹתָיו Dt 6:17, Ps 25:10, 99:7, 119:2, עֵדוֹתָיו 78:56; עֵדֹתֶיְ 93:5, 119:22, 119:24, 119:46, 119:59, 119:79, 119:95, 119:119, 119:125, 119:138, 119:146, 119:152, 119:167, 119:168 (MT pointing artificial, der. prob. fr. עֵדוּת, reading עֵדֻת for עֵדֹת, or regarding עֵדֹת as contr. from עֵדְוֹת, pl. of עֵדוּת [Sta:§ 320 b SS Buhl]; v. also Dr:Dt 4:45, Dt 4:45, 6:17, 6:20 are redactional).

† עֵדוּת:19 and עֵדֻת:27 n. f. testimony;—ע׳ abs. Ex 16:34 +, cstr. Ps 19:8 +; pl. sf. עֵדְוֹתֶיְ 119:14 +, עֵדְוֹתָיו Je 44:23 + 4 t.;—

1. testimony of the Ten Words on the tables as a solemn divine charge, לֻחֹת הע׳ Ex 31:18, 32:15, 34:29 (P), הע׳ 25:16, 25:21, 40:20 (P); ark as containing tables, אֲרוֹן הע׳ 25:22, 26:33, 26:34, 30:6, 30:26, 39:35, 40:3, 40:5, 40:21, Nu 4:5, 7:89 (all P), Jos 4:16 (JE; Kue הברית [ag. him Di], so Benn Steuernag), הארן לע׳ Ex 31:7 (P); abbrev. לִפְנֵי הע׳ 16:34, 30:36, Nu 17:19, 17:25 (P); עַל הע׳ Ex 27:21 (= הע׳ Lv 24:3), 30:6, Lv 16:13 (P); tabernacle as containing ark of testimony, משׁכן הע׳ tabernacle of the testimony Ex 38:21, Nu 1:50, 1:53, 1:53, 10:11 (P); so אֹהֶל הע׳ 9:15, 17:22, 17:23, 18:2 (P) 2 Ch 24:6.

2. the code of law in gen. (late), as a testimony of God: Ps 19:8, 119:88, 122:4; ‖תּוֹרָה 78:5; ‖חֹק 81:6. In titles, עַל־ שׁוּשַׁן ע׳ Ps 60:1, אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנּ֑ים ע׳ 80:1 = melody whose first line cp. law as testimony to a choice flower. Special laws of the code are denoted by pl.; + חֻקּוֹת etc. 1 K 2:3, 2 K 23:3 = 2 Ch 34:31 (+ חקים etc.), Je 44:23; חֻקִּים etc. 1 Ch 29:19; מִחְוֹת Ne 9:34; pl. of contents of covenant 2 K 17:15; pl. elsewh. Ps 119:14, 119:31, 119:36, 119:99, 119:111, 119:129, 119:144, 119:157. Vid. also III. [עֵדָה].—For הָעֵדוּת 2 K 11:12 = 2 Ch 23:11 rd. prob. הַצְּעָדוֹת (cf. 2 S 1:10 We al.).

† תְּעוּדָה n. f. testimony, attestation;—

1. testimony, prophet. injunction, ‖תּוֹרָה Is 8:16, 8:20.

2. attestation, Ru 4:7 (> fixed usage Buhl:Lex).

† I. [עָוָה] vb. bend, twist (so Ar. عَوَي);—Niph. Pf. 1 S. נַעֲוֵיתִי Is 21:3, Ps 38:7; Pt. cstr. נַעֲוֵה Pr 12:8; f. cstr. נַעֲוַת 1 S 20:30 (but rd. נַעֲרַת LXX We Dr SS Bu HPS);—be bent, bowed down, twisted, ‖שׁחה Ps 38:7; ‖נבהל Is 21:3; נַעֲוֵה לֵב Pr 12:8 one perverted of mind. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. עִוָּה, subj. י׳:—La 3:9 my paths hath he twisted; וְע׳ Is 24:1 its surface will he distort (‖בּוֹקֵק הָאָרֶץ). Hiph. Pf. 1 S. יָשָׁר הֶעֱוֵיתִי Jb 33:27 the right have I perverted (‖חָטָא); so 3 pl. הֶעֱווּ אֶת־דַּרְכָּם Je 3:21.

† I. עַוָּה n. f. distortion, ruin;—עַוָּה עַוָּה עַוָּה אֲשִׂימֶנָּה Ez 21:32 (cf. √ Pi. Is 24:1).

† עִוְעִים n. pl. abstr. distorting, warping (for …עַוְעֲוִים);—רוּחַ עִוְעִים Is 19:14 temper of distorting, i.e. warped judgment.

† עִי n.[m.] ruin, heap of ruins;—ע׳ abs. Jb 30:24, cstr. Mi 1:6; pl. עִיִּין (Aram. form) 3:12, but עִיִּים in the quotation Je 26:18, and Ps 79:1.

† מְעִי n.[m.] ruin (si vera 1.);—וְהָֽיְתָה מְעִי מַפָּלָה consec. Is 17:1 Damascus shall become a ruinous heap (but del. מ׳ LXX Lag Che SS Buhl). cf p. 590

II. עוה (√ of foll., cf. Ar. غَوَي err from the way, Eth. 9ayaya:: err; distinct from I. עוה, cf. Lag:M. i. 236 f. Dr:1 S 20:30 Gerber:90).

† עָוֹן n. m.:Is 22:14 iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity;—ע׳ abs. Ex 21:43 +; עָווֹן 2 K 7:9, Ps 51:7; cstr. עֲוֹן Gn 15:16 +; עֲווֹן 1 Ch 21:8; sf. עֲוֹנִי Gn 4:13 + (2 S 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֹנְְ Ho 9:7 +; עֲוֹנֵ֑כִי Ps 103:3; עֲוֹ֔נָהַ Nu 15:31 (Ges:§ 91 e), etc.; pl. עֲוֹנוֹת abs. Ps 130:3 +, cstr. Jb 13:26 +; עַוֹנֹת abs. Ps 65:4, cstr. Lv 16:21 +; sf. עֲוֹנֹתֶיְ Is 43:24, עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם Nu 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֹנֶיְ Ez 28:18; עֲוֹנֵינוּ Is 64:6 +, etc. (SS doubt all these);—

1. iniquity, Jb 15:5, 20:27, Je 11:10, 14:7, 16:17, La 2:14, Ez 7:13; ‖חטאת 1 S 20:1, Jb 13:23, Is 5:18, 43:24, 59:2, Je 5:25, 16:10, La 4:6, 4:13, Dn 9:16, Ho 4:8, 13:12; ‖פשׁע Jb 14:17, 31:33, Ps 107:17, Is 50:1, 53:5; ‖אשׁמה Ezr 9:6, 9:7, 9:13; רעה Jb 22:5, Ho 7:1 a. נְעוּרַי ע׳ Jb 13:26 iniquities of my youth; חֶרֶב ע׳ 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword; (ם)פְּלִילִי ע׳ 31:11, 31:28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges; שְׁתֵּי עֲוֹנֹתָם Ho 10:10 (so rd. Vrss Hi al.); כשׁל בע׳ stumble by iniquity Ho 5:5, 14:2; cf. מִכְשׁוֹל ע׳ Ez 7:19, 14:3, 14:4, 14:7, 18:30, 44:12; לכל־עון Dt 19:15; אשׁתמרה מע׳ 2 S 22:24 = Ps 18:24. עָוֹן אֲשֶׁר־חֵטְא Ho 12:9. b. iniquity as recognized, ידע ע׳ 1 S 3:13, Is 59:12, Je 3:13, 14:20; confessed, התודה ע׳ Lv 16:21, 26:40, 26:40 (P), Ne 9:2; הגיד ע׳ Ps 38:19; לא כסה ע׳ 32:5; brought to remembrance, הזכיר ע׳ Nu 5:15 (P) 1 K 17:18, Ez 21:28, 21:29, 29:16; causing shame, יִכָּֽלְמוּ מע׳ Ez 43:10; turned from, שׁוּב מע׳ Dn 9:13, cf. השׁיב מע׳ Mal 2:6. c. (1) phrases of punishment: על פקד ע׳ Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9, Ex 34:7, Nu 14:18 (J), Lv 18:25 (H) 2 S 3:8, Is 13:11, 26:21, Je 25:12, 36:31, Am 3:2; without על, La 4:22, ב פקד ע׳ Ps 89:33; Jb 11:6 v. II. [נשׁא]; יסּר על ע׳ Ps 39:12 chastise for iniquity; לנגדְשַׁתָּ֯ ע׳ 90:8 set our iniquities before thee; גמל כע׳ 103:10; שׁמר ע׳ 130:3; שׁלּם ע׳ Is 65:7, 65:7, Je 16:18, 32:18; מַטְבֵּחַ בע׳ Is 14:21; (2) of forgiveness or removal: העביר ע 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8, Jb 7:21, Zc 3:4; משׁתי ע׳ 3:9 סלח לע׳ Ex 34:9, Nu 14:19 (J), Ps 25:11, 103:3, Je 31:34, 33:8, 36:3; נשׂא ע׳ Ex 34:7, Nu 14:18 (J), Ps 32:5, 85:3, Is 33:24, Ho 14:3, Mi 7:18; סר ע׳ Is 6:7; יכבושׁ ע׳ Mi 7:19; (3) of covering over, כסה על ע׳ Ne 3:37; כפּר ע׳ Ps 78:38, Pr 16:6, Is 22:14, 27:9, Dn 9:24; כפּר על ע׳ Je 18:23; יתכפּר ע׳ 1 S 3:14; (4) of cleansing from: כבּס מע׳ Ps 51:4; מחה ע׳ v:11; טהר מע׳ Je 33:8, Ez 36:33; (5) of imputing, reckoning to one: ל חשׁב ע׳ 2 S 19:20, Ps 32:2; (ל) זכר ע׳ 79:8, Is 64:8, Je 14:10, Ho 8:13, 9:9; יִזָּכֵר ע׳ Ps 109:14; ע׳(ל)בקשׁ Jb 10:6, Je 50:20; (6) פדה מע׳ Ps 130:8 ransom from iniquity.

2. Guilt of iniquity (not always easy to disting. from 1.; SS give more, Buhl fewer, sub 2);—‖תועבות Ez 36:31; ‖דם Is 59:3; ‖חמס Ez 9:9; פעור ע׳ Jos 22:17 (P); סדם ע׳ Ez 16:49; בחעוֹ ע׳ Is 57:17; שְׁנֵי עונם Ez 4:4; נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי Je 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; מחא ע׳ Gn 44:16 (E) Ps 36:3. a. בְ ע׳: guilt of iniquity upon one Nu 15:31 (P) 1 S 20:8, 2 S 14:32; לִי לא ע׳ Jb 33:9 (‖זַךְ); בלי־עון Ps 59:5 without my guilt. b. guilt, as great, increased: רֹב עָוֹן Je 13:22, 30:14, 30:15, Ez 28:18, Ho 9:7; לאֹ־שָׁלֵם ע׳ Gn 15:16 (J); עָֽבְרוּ ראֹשִׁי ע׳ Ps 38:5; עֲקֵבַי יְסוּבֵּנִי ע׳ 49:6; הִשִּׂיגוּנִי ע׳ 40:13; גברו מני ע׳ 65:4; עַם כֶּבֶד ע׳ Is 1:4; נלקח בע׳ Ez 33:6. c. as a condition, בע׳: c. חוללתי was I brought forth Ps 51:7; c. גָּוַע expire Jos 22:20 (P); c. מות die Je 31:30, Ez 3:18, 3:19, 18:17, 18:18, 33:8, 33:9.

3. Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity (SS include most of these under 2, and do not recognize 3; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Gn 4:13, Is 5:18);—אִם יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ע׳ בדבר הזה 1 S 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.; נשׂא ע׳ bear the punishment for iniquity of others Ex 28:38, Lv 10:17 (take away ע׳ Di Now:ii. 233 n.) 16:22, Nu 30:16 (P), Ez 4:4, 4:5, 4:6; בע׳ 18:19, 18:20, 18:20; one's own, Ex 28:43, Lv 5:1, 5:17, 7:18, 17:16, 19:8, 20:17, 20:19, 22:16, Nu 5:31, 14:34, 18:1, 18:1, 18:23 (P), Ez 14:10, 44:10, 44:12; מנשׂואגדול ע׳ Gn 4:13 (J) my punishment is greater than I can bear; נִרְחָה עֲוֹנָהּ Is 40:2 her punishment is accepted, cf. רחה ע׳ Lv 26:41, 26:43 (H); ומחאנוּ ע׳ 2 K 7:9 punishment will overtake us; על ע׳ תנה ע׳ Ps 69:28 add punishment to their punishment; הוא יסבל ע׳ Is 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear, cf. סָבָָלְנוּ ע׳ La 5:7; הפגיע בו ע׳ Is 53:6; נִקָּה מע׳ freed from punishment Nu 5:31 (P) Jb 10:14; בי אני העון 1 S 25:24 on me the punishment; עלי הע׳ 2 S 14:9; בע׳ c. various vbs.: Gn 19:15 (J) Lv 26:39, 26:39 (H) Ps 31:11, 106:43, Je 51:6, Ez 4:17, 7:16, 24:23, 39:23; קץ עת ע׳ 21:30, 21:34, 35:5; see also: Pr 5:22 (‖חַבְלֵי חטאת), Is 30:13, 64:5, 64:6, La 4:22, Ez 4:4, 14:10, 14:10, 32:27.

† [עָוָה] vb. denom. (Gerber:90) commit iniquity, do wrong (Aram. עוי commit sin, עֲוָיָא sin, cf. Levy:NHWB iii. 626);—Qal (late) Pf. 3 fs. עָֽוְתָה Est 1:16 she hath done wrong (c. עַל); 1 pl. עָוִינוּ Dn 9:5 we have committed iniquity (‖חָטָא). Hiph. commit inquity;—Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱוָה 2 S 19:20, 1 S. הֶעֱוֵיתִי 24:17 (‖חָטָא); 1 pl. הֶעֱוִינוּ 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Ps 106:6 (all ‖חָטָא); Inf. abs. הַעֲוֵה Je 9:4 cstr. sf. הַעֲוֹתוֹ 2 S 7:14.—Jb 33:27 v. I. עָוָה. p. 730

† II. עַוָּה, עִוָּה n. pr. loc. city conquered by Assyrians;—עַוָּה 2 K 17:24 (van d. H. עַוָּא) = עִוָּה 18:34, 19:13 = Is 37:13; LXX Αια(ν), Ανα, and (2 K 19:13) Ουδου, A ΑυΥα, LXXL Αιναγ, etc.; site in N. Syria Wkl:Alttest. Unters. 102 f. Benz; Sachau:ZA xii (1897), 48 prop. Emma (Tab. Pent.) = ̓́Ιμμα Ptol:v. 15, 15, mod. ï Imm betw. Antioch and Aleppo.—I. עַוָּה v. sub I. עוה. p. 730

† [עַוִּי] adj. gent. only pl. הַעַוִּים as subst., inhab. of II. עַוָּה 2 K 17:31 (another עַוִּים infr.). p. 732

עוֹז n. v. עֹז sub עזז. p. 738

† [עוּז], עוֹז vb. take or seek refuge (Ar. عوذ, عَاذَ take refuge, seek protection, مَعَادُ a refuge);—Qal Inf. cstr. לָעוֹז בְּמָעוֹז Is 30:2 (‖לַחְסוֹת בְּ). Hiph. bring into safety, Pf. 3 mpl. הֵעִ֫יזוּ Is 10:31, obj. om., and so Imv. mpl. הָעִ֫יזוּ Je 4:6, הָעִ֫זוּ מִקֶּרֶב 6:1; c. acc., ms. הָעֵז Ex 9:19.

† מָעוֹז n. m.:Ju 6:26 place or means of safety, protection (MT sfs. as if from עזז, but prob. erron., cf. Buhl:Lex 13 Ges:§ 85 k);—מ׳ abs. Ju 6:26 +, cstr. Is 30:2 +; sf. מָעוּזִי 2 S 22:33 (but rd. הַמְּאַזְּרֵנִי as ‖ Ps 18:33), מָעוּזִּי Ps 31:3 +, מָעֻזִּי Is 27:5 +, מָעוּזּוֹ Ps 52:9 +, מָעֻזֹּה Dn 11:10, etc. (rd. prob. מְעוֹזִּי, etc.); pl. מָעֻזִּים v:38, v:39, sf. מָעֻזְּנֶיהָ Is 23:11, read מָעֻזֶּיהָ (Ges:§ 20 o Che:Heb. Hpt. al.; del. d. f. in all, v. supr.);—

1. lit. place of safety Ju 6:26, hence (c. collat. idea of strength, as if fr. עזז = fastness Is 23:11, 23:14 (in v:14 Che:Heb. Hpt. prop. מְחוֹזְכֶם your city), Ez 24:25, 30:15, Dn 11:7, 11:10, 11:19, הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַמּ׳ v:31, מִבְחְרֵי מָעֻזִּים v:39; הַיָּם מ׳ i.e. harbour Is 23:4, but del. O1 Du Che:Hpt.; מֵאוֹיֵב מ׳ Na 3:11; cf. עָרֵי מ׳ Is 17:9.

2. a. fig., of God (י׳) as refuge Na 1:7, Ps 27:1, 31:5, 37:39, 52:9, Is 25:4, 25:4, Jo 4:16, עֻזִּי וּמָעֻזִּי וּמְנוּסִי י׳ Je 16:19, יְשׁוּעוֹת מְשִׁיחוֹ מ׳ Ps 28:8 (‖עָז־); so חוּר מ׳ Is 17:10, Ps 31:3, אֱלֽהֵי מ׳ 43:2; also יַחֲזֵק בְּמָעֻזִּי Is 27:5 let him lay hold of my refuge (me as refuge); cf . הִיא מָעֻזְּכֶם חֶדְוַת י׳ Ne 8:10, לַתֹּם דֶּרֶח י׳ מ׳ Pr 10:29. b. of a heathen god, אֱלוֹהַּ מָעֻזִּים Dn 11:38 (rd. מְחֹזִים cities Che:Is 23, 1, Heb. Hpt.).

3. fig. of human protection, פַּרְעֹה מ׳ Is 30:2, 30:3 (both ‖צֵּל מִחְרַיִם); ראֹשִׁי אֶפְרַיִם מ׳ Ps 60:9 = 108:9, i.e. my helmet; also (of angel) Dn 11:1 (‖מַחֲזִיק).

עֲוִיל v. II. עול. below

† עַוִּים n. pr. 1. gent. הָע׳ people on SW. coast of Mediterr. before the כַּפְתֹּרִים (q. v.) came Dt 2:23, and remaining thereafter Jos 13:3 (D:2), LXX Ευαιοι. 2. loc. הָע׳ city in Benj. Jos 18:23 (= הָעַי ?), LXX Αιειν, Αυειμ.—Vid. also [עַוִּי] supr.

† עֲוִית n. pr. loc. in Edom Gn 36:35 = Qr 1 Ch 1:46 (Kt עיות); LXX Γεθθαιμ, but LXXL 1 Ch 1:46 Ευιθ.

† I. [עוּל] vb. give suck (Ar. ܓܝܠ give suck (while pregnant); cf. Aram. غَالَ foetus, sucking child; ܥܽܘܠܳܐ foal, so Eth. ܥܺܝܠܳܐ Talm. עִילָה);—Qal Pt. fpl. עָלוֹת giving suck, of cows 1 S 6:7, 6:10; ewes Ps 78:71 and (fig. of returning exiles) Is 40:11; of both Gn 33:13 (J).

† עוּל n. m. sucking child, suckling;—cstr. יָמִים ע׳ Is 65:20 a suckling of days, i.e. a few days old; sf. עוּלָהּ 49:15 (‖בֶּן־בִּטְנָהּ).

II. עול (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. ܥܘܠ feed, nourish; v. Wetzst in De:Jb 16, 11).

† I. [עֲוִיל] n. m. young boy;—pl. עֲוִילִים Jb 19:18; sf. עֲוִילֵיהֶם 21:11.—II. עֲוִיל sub III. עול. below

III. עול (√ of foll., cf. Ar. ܥܘܠ deviate from (right course); Aram. 9alawa: Aph. act unjustly, and many deriv., עַוְלָא unrighteousness; Eth. عون pervert, corrupt).

† עָ֫וֶל n. m. injustice, unrighteousness (opp. חְדָקָה);—ע׳ Lv 19:15 +; cstr. עֶ֫וֶל Ez 28:18 (van d. H. עָוֶל, but v. Baer Ginsb); sf. עַוְלוֹ 18:26, 33:13; —עשׂה עול Lv 19:15, 19:35 (H) Dt 25:16, Ez 3:20, 18:24, 18:26, 18:26, 33:13, 33:13, 33:15, 33:18; פעל ע׳ Jb 34:32; הִתְעִיבוּ ע׳ Ps 53:2 (‖עֲלִילָה 14:2); שׁפט ע׳ 82:2; אישׁ ע׳ Pr 29:27; בְּכַפַּי ע׳ Ps 7:4; בְּ מחא ע׳ Je 2:5, read prob. also Ez 28:15 (for MT עולתה); ישׁיב ידוֹ מע׳ 18:8; בְּעֶוֶל רְכֻלָּֽתְְ 28:18; of God, אין עול (‖אֱמוּנָה) Dt 32:4; חָלִלָה מע׳ Jb 34:10.

† עָוַל vb. denom. (Gerber:31) act wrongfully;—Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְעַוֵּל Is 26:10 (opp. נְכֹחוֹת); Pt. מְעַוֵּל Ps 71:4 (+ חוֹמֵץ, ‖רָשָׁע).

† עַוְלָה n. f.:Jb 11:14 (? m. Mal 2:6 Kö:ii. 2, 453, § 345 d Ez 28:15 [עולתה; but ע׳ only here Ez, error for עול] questioned by SS, v. Albrecht:ZAW xvi (1896), 117) injustice, unrighteousness, wrong;—ע׳ Ps 37:1 + 24 t., + 1. עוֹלָה Is 61:8 (rd. prob. עַוְלָה); עַוְלָ֫תָה Ps 125:3, 92:16 (Qr) + 2 t.; עֹלָ֫תָה v:16 (Kt) Jb 5:16; pl. עוֹלוֹת Ps 58:3, 64:7; —

1. violent deeds of injustice, בְּנֵי עַוְלָה 2 S 3:34, 7:10 = 1 Ch 17:9; בֶּן־ע׳ Ps 89:23, cf. בְּנֵי עַלְוָה Ho 10:9 (rd. עַוְלָה Now); אישׁ מרמה וע׳ Ps 43:1; בע׳ Is 61:8; ‖דַּם Mi 3:10, Hb 2:11; עשׂה ע׳ Ps 37:1, Zp 3:5, 3:13; פעל ע׳ Ps 58:3, 119:3, Jb 36:23; שׁלח ידים בע׳ Ps 125:3.

2. injustice of speech: דבּר ע׳ Jb 13:7, 27:4; תהגה לשׁונכם ע׳ Is 59:3; בלשׁוני ע׳ Jb 6:30; לא נמחא בשׂפה ע׳ Mal 2:6; קפחה פיה ע׳ Ps 107:42, Jb 5:16.

3. injustice, in general, Ps 64:7, Jb 6:29, 11:14, 15:16, 22:23, 24:20, + 36:33 (for MT עוֹלֶה acc. to LXX Di Bu Du al., Pr 22:8, Ho 10:13; of God, בוֹ לא ע׳ Ps 92:16; ע׳ אֵין עִם י׳ 2 Ch 19:7.

† II. עֲוִיל n. m. unjust one, Jb 16:11 (v. foll.).

† עַוָּל n. m. unjust, unrighteous one;—esp. of oppressive ruler Zp 3:5, Jb 18:18, 27:7 (‖רָשָׁע), 29:17, 31:3 (‖פֹּעֲלֵי אָָוֶן); prob. also 16:11 (for MT עֲוִיל, so Di; ‖רְשָׁעִים).

I. [עוֹלָה] v. II. עול. II. עוֹלָה v. עלה. p. 750 f עוֹלֵל, עוֹלָל v. II. עלל. עוֹלָם v. עלם. p. 760–61

† [עוּן] vb. dwell (prob.; √ of foll.; Ar. عَانَ is support, help, v. esp. Fl:Kl. Schr. i. 87 ff.);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְעָנָה֫ (rd. וְעָ֫נָה ?) Is 13:22 and jackals shall dwell, etc. (on agreement v. Ges:§ 145 k; ‖שׁכן v:21), so LXX Buhl; Che:Heb. Hpt. 124 וְשָֽׁכְנוּ; > SyrVer Targum Vulgate al. √ IV. ענה.—Ps 87:7 v. מַעְיָן. p. 777

† I. מָעוֹן n.[m.] dwelling, habitation;—abs. מ׳ Ps 71:3 +, cstr. מְעוֹן Je 25:30 +, sf. מְעוֹנְֶ֑ Ps 91:9, etc.;—

1. lair of jackals Je 9:10, 10:22, 49:33, 51:37 (all of desolated cities); אֲרָיוֹת מ׳ Na 2:12 (‖מִרְעֶה; fig. of Nineveh).

2. dwelling of י׳: a. in heaven קָדְשְְׁ מ׳ Dt 26:15 cf. Je 25:30 (‖מָרוֹם), Zc 2:17, Ps 68:6, 2 Ch 30:27. b. in temple בְּיתְֶָ מ׳ Ps 26:8, מְעוֹנוֹ 2 Ch 36:15 (only here alone).

3. fig. of י׳ as abode of his people, חוּר מ׳ Ps 71:3, מ׳ alone 90:1, 91:9.—מ׳ 1 S 2:29, 2:32 is unintellig. (v. Comm.), poss. rd. מְעוֹיֵן (eyeing [enviously], v. עין denom.) Klo HPS, cf. LXX Bu. מְעוֹנָהּ Zp 3:7 is difficult in context, LXX We Now rd. מֵעֵינֶיה (cf. Jos 9:23, 2 S 3:29).

† II. מָעוֹן n. pr. 1. loc. in Judah Jos 15:55 (P), 1 S 25:2 (LXX Μααν, Μαων), now Ma‘în (Buhl:Geogr. 163 and reff.), 8 miles S. of Hebron; hence מִדְבַּר מ׳ 23:24, 23:25, 23:25, so rd. also 25:1 (for MT פארן) LXX Th We Dr Bu Klo Kit Löhr; cf. 2. m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:45; 2:45, LXX Μεων, Μαων. 3. gent. Ju 10:12 named with Sidonians and Amalek as ancient foes of Isr.; poss. intended by writer as = מְעוּנִים q. v. p. 589 supr.; many read מִדְיָן (LXX:BA LXXL Μαδιαμ); v. GFM.—מְעוֹן v. בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן p. III supr.; 1 Ch 4:41 v. מְעוּנִים p. 589.

† מְעֹנָה n. f. id.;—

1. den, lair of wild beasts: of כְּפִיר, מְעֹנָתוֹ Am 3:4, so pl. abs. מְעוֹנוֹת Jb 38:40 (‖סֻכָּה), sf. מְעוֹנֹתָם Ps 104:22; cstr. מְעֹנוֹת אֲרָיוֹת Ct 4:8; מְעֹנֹתָיו Na 2:13 (‖חֹרָיו; of אַרְיֵה, fig. of Nineveh); of חַיָּה in gen., בִּמְעוֹנֹתֶיהָ תִשְׁכֹּן Jb 37:8 (‖אָָרֶב); so appar. fig. of men, hunted by י׳, מְעוֹנוֹתֵינוּ Je 21:13, fig. also of י׳ dwelling in temple, sg. sf., מְעוֹנָתוֹ בְּחִיּוֹן Ps 76:3 (‖סוּכּוֹ).

2. fig. מְעֹנָה אֱלֽהֵי קֶדֶם Dt 33:27 the ancient God is a dwelling-place (for his people; cf. I. מָעוֹן 3).

† מְעוֹנֹתַי n. pr. m. name in Judah 1 Ch 4:14, LXX Μα(ω)ναθει.

† [עוֹנָה] Qr, [ עֵינָה] Kt n. f. only sf. Ho 10:10: Qr pl. עוֹנֹתָם Baer, sg. עוֹנָתָם Ginsb; > עֵינֹתָם Kt; but rd. עֲוֹנֹתָם, v. עָוֹן 1 a. p. 730.

עֹוֵן Kt 1 S 18:9 v. עין. p. 744

עִוְעִים v. sub I. עוה. p. 730

† I. עוּף vb. fly (NH id., (rare) flicker, flutter, עוֹף fowl; Aram. עוֹפָא, ܥܽܘܦܳܐ id.; Eth. 0of: id.; Ar. عَوْفُ augury, from birds (cf. We:Heid. 2, 202), fortune, عِف, عَافَ practice augury, عَائِفُ augur; also عوف, عَافَ fly about, of birds);—Qal Pf. 3 mpl. וְעָפוּ consec. Is 11:14; Impf. 3 ms. יָעוּף Jb 20:8, Ps 91:5 + Pr 23:5 b Qr (> Kt ועוף [van d. H.], or ועיף [Ginsb]); וַיָּעָֹף 2 S 22:11 = Ps 18:11, Na 3:16, וַיָּ֫עָף Is 6:6; 3 fs. תָעוּף(הֲ) Pr 23:5 a Kt (v. infr.); 3 fpl. תְּעוּפֶינָה Is 60:8, etc.; Inf. cstr. עוּף Jb 5:7, Pr 26:2; Pt. fs. עָפָה Zc 5:1, 5:2; pl. עָפוֹת Is 31:5; —

1. a. fly, of birds Dt 4:17, specif. of swallow (in sim.) Pr 26:2 (‖נוּד); of seraph Is 6:6 (cf. Pōï‘1.); י׳ riding (רכב) on cherub 2 S 22:11 = Ps 18:11; roll (in vision) Zc 5:1, 5:2; arrow Ps 91:5; of swift army Is 11:14 (under fig. of bird, sq. בְּכָתֵף) Hb 1:8 (sim. of vulture); fig. of ships (like cloud, or doves) Is 60:8; בְּנֵי־רֶשֶׁף יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף Jb 5:7 make high to fly, i.e. make their flight high, soar aloft (sim. of irresistible tendency). b. hover (protectingly) Is 31:5 (birds, sim. of י׳; on sense cf. Dt 32:11).

2. fly away, to a distance, Ps 55:7 (fig.; ‖אַרְחִיק נְדֹד v:8); = vanish, of locusts Na 1:16 (fig.); כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעוּף הַשָּׁמַיִם Pr 23:5 b (Qr) sim. of riches (v. Toy); of wicked Jb 20:8 (כַּחֲלוֹם); end of life, in gen., וַנָּעָֻפָה Ps 90:10.—הֲתָעוּף Pr 23:5 a Kt, do thine eyes fly (light) upon it ? (הֲתָעִיף Hiph. Qr dost thou cause thine eyes to fly, etc. ?) is difficult, and line perhaps not original (v. Toy). Pōï‘l. 1. fly about, to and fro; Impf. 3 ms. יְעוֹפֵף of birds Gn 1:20 (P); seraphim Is 6:2; Pt. שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף flying fiery serpent Is 14:29, 30:6. 2. cause to fly to and fro, brandish, Inf. cstr. sf. בְּעוֹפְפִי חַרְבִּי Ez 32:10 when I brandish my sword before them. Hithpōï‘l. Impf. 3 ms. כָּעוֹף יִתְעוֹפֵף כְּבוֹדָם Ho 9:11 like a bird their glory shall fly away. Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. Qr, v. Qal ad fin.

עוֹף:70 n. m.:Gn 40:17 coll. flying creatures, fowl, insects;—ע׳ abs. Gn 1:20 +, cstr. v:21 +;—

1. fowl, birds, Gn 40:17, 40:19 (E), 7:8 (J), 1:20, 1:22 (P), 1 K 5:13 +; esp. (38 t.) הַשָּׁמַיִם ע׳ fowl of sky, Gn 2:19, 2:20 (J), 1:26, 1:28, 1:30 (P), Ho 2:20, Ec 10:20 +, carrion birds 1 S 17:44, 17:46, 2 S 21:10, 1 K 14:11 + 11 t.; הָרִים ע׳ Ps 50:11, נוֹדֵד ע׳ Is 16:2, כִּכְלוּב מָלֵא ע׳ Je 5:27; redundantly כָּנָף ע׳ fowl of wing Gn 1:21 (P), Ps 78:27 (for food); for food also Lv 7:26 (P), 17:13, 20:25 (both H), cf. Lv 11:13, 11:46 (H, clean and unclean); for offering Gn 8:20 (J; הַטָּהוֹר הָע׳), Lv 1:14 (P).

2. winged insects (clean and unclean) הַהֹלֵח עַל־אַרְבַּע שֶׁרֶץ הָע׳ Lv 11:20, 11:21 (H), הָע׳ שׁ׳ Dt 14:19, so prob. הָע׳ alone v:20; הָע׳ שׁ׳ אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ אַרְבַּע רַגְלָָ יִם Lv 11:23 (H).

† [עַפְעַף] n. m.:Je 9, 17 eyelid (NH id.; from fluttering ?);—only du. cstr. (v. infr.) and sf. עַפְעַפַּי Jb 16:16, Ps 132:4, עַפְעַפֶּיְ Pr 4:25, 6:4, etc.;—eyelids, usu. nearly = eyes (6 t. ‖עֵינַיִם), as weeping, עַפְעַפֵּינוּ Je 9:17; closed in sleep Ps 132:4, Pr 6:4, cf. of חַלְמָוֶת Jb 16:16; looking Pr 4:25 cf. Ps 11:4 (of י׳, testing men); used seductively by wanton women Pr 6:25; raised, in arrogance (‘ superciliousness ’ 30:13; fig. עַפְעַפֵּי־שָָׁחַר Jb 3:9 eyelids of dawn, break of dawn, 41:10 (sim.).

† II. [עוּף], I. [עִיף] vb. be dark;—only Qal Impf. 2 ms. תָּעֻ֫פָה Jb 11:17 (though) it be dark, but rd. prob. תְּעֻפָה, subst., v. infr.

† I. עֵיפָה n. f. darkness;—עשֵֹׁה שַׁחַר עֵיפָה Am 4:13; אֶרֶץ עֵפָ֫תָה Jb 10:22 (Ges:§ 90 g; ‖חַלְמָוֶת).

† II. עֵיפָה n. pr. 1. gent. ‘ son ’ of Midian Gn 25:4 (J) = 1 Ch 1:33, cf. Is 60:6, LXX Γαφερ, Γεφαρ, Γαιφα(ρ). 2. m. name in Judah 1 Ch 2:47, LXX Γαιφα. 3. f. concubine of Caleb 1 Ch 2:46, LXX Γαιφαηλ, A Γαιφα ἡ, LXXL Γαιφα.

† מוּעָף n.[m.] gloom;—Is 8:23.

† [מָעוּף] n.[m.] id.;—cstr. מְעוּף חוּקָה Is 8:22 (‖הֲשֵׁכָה); Che:Hpt. rds. מוּעַף.

† תְּעֻפָה n. f. id.;—so rd. prob. for תָּעֻ֫פָה Jb 11:17 (opp. כֹּקֶר).

† עוֹפַי Kt, עֵיפַי Qr n. pr. m. a Neṭophathite, Je 40:8, LXX Ιωφε, Ωφε, Ωφετ.