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ז

ז, Zâyin, seventh letter; used as numeral 7 in modern Heb.; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

זאב (√ of foll.; acc. to Fl:Bericht d. sächs. G. d. W. i. (1846–47) 430 f. = Kleinere Schriften iii. 212 f. i.q. Ar. ذَأَنَ drive away, and despise, drive or frighten away, whence ذِئْبُ, ܕܺܐܒܳܐ, זְאֵב wolf, as driven or chased away; cf. Hom:NS 304 MV al.)

† I. זְאֵב n.m.:Is 11:6 wolf (NH id., Ar. ذِئْبُ (jackal according to Hom:NS 303 ff.; but see RS:ZMG 1880, 373 and Doughty:Arab. Deseria i. 327; ii. 144, 145) Aram. דֵּיבָה, ܕܺܐܒܳܐ As. zîbu Dl:S 47; Eth. z0b: hyena Di:1056 (on format. cf. Lag:BN 58); Ph. in cpd.n.pr. זיבקם)—זְאֵב abs. Gn 49:27 + 2 t.; cstr. Je 5:6; pl. זְאֵבִים Ez 22:27; cstr. זְאֵבֵי Hb 1:8, Zp 3:3; —wolf, never in narrative; in predictions of peace in Messian. age וְגָר זְאֵב עִם כֶּבֶשׂ Is 11:6 זְאֵב וְטָלֶה יִרְעוּ כְּאֶחָד Is 65:25; in simile, of Benjamin's fierceness זְאֵב יִטְרָָף ב׳ Gn 49:27; of fierce horses of Chaldeans חַדּוּ מִזְּאֵבֵי עֶרֶב Hb 1:8 (‖קַלּוּ מִנְּמֵרִים); of princes of Judah כִּזְאֵבִים טֹרְפֵי טָָרֶף Ez 22:27; metaph. of enemies of Judah Je 5:6 זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת (‖אַרְיֵה, נָמֵר); of corrupt and oppressive judges שֹׁפְטֶיהָ זְאֵבֵי עֶרֶב Zp 3:3 (‖אֲרָיוֹת שֹׁאֲגִים).

† II. זְאֵב n.pr.m. (wolf)—a prince of Midian, Ju 7:25, 7:25, 7:25, 8:3, Ps 83:12; also in n.pr.loc. רֶקֶב־זְאֵב Ju 7:25 wine-vat of Zeeb.

זאֹת pron.f. v. זֶה. p. 260

זבב (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. ذَبُّ go hither and thither (of a man); ذَنْذَبَ make to dangle, or move to and fro, of a thing suspended in the air; but in this sense perhaps denom.)

† זְבוּב n.m.:Ec 10:1 fly (as moving to and fro in the air? cf. Fl NHWB:i. 438 b; NH id., As. zumbu, Dl:S 63 f.; Ar. ذُبَابُب, Aram. דִּיבָבָא, ܕܶܒܳܐ, ܕܒܳܒܳܐ);—lit. only זְבוּבֵי מָוֶת Ec 10:1 i.e. dead flies; so AV RV Hi Now al.; > LXX De al. death-bringing, deadly flies; זְבוּב metaph. of Egyptian army Is 7:18 (‖דְּבוֹרָה, bee, of Assyrian); on בַּעַל זְבוּב v. בַּעַל II. 4, p. 127 supr.

† זַבַּי n.pr.m. (Palm. זבי Vog:No. 28 (but this perh. = loricatus, cf. زَبْا lorica); connex. with above √ uncertain)—Jew in Ezra's time Ezr 10:28; LXX Ζαβου(θ); cf. also Ne 3:20 Kt (LXX Ζαβου etc., but Qr זַכַּי; v. זַכָָּי Ezr 2:9 = Ne 7:14).

† [זָבַד] vb. bestow upon, endow with (Ar. زَبَدَ; Aram. זְבַד, ܙܰܒܳܐ † Gn 30:20, ܙܶܒܕܳܐ dowry; in Sab. n. pr., v. sub זָבָד infr.; also in Palm. n.pr. נבוזבד Vog:73 and many others (זבד, זבדא, זבידא, זבדעתא, זבדבל = Ζαβδιβηλος, etc.): see Euting:Sechs Inschr. aus Idalien p. 15), זְבָדַנִי אלהים אֹתִי זֶבֶד טוֹב Gn 30:20 a (E), appar. in expl. of name Zebulun, cf. Thes Di; another expl. in v:b, v. sub זבל.

† זֶ֫בֶד n.m. endowment, gift, Gn 30:20 a cf. foregoing.

† זָבָד n.pr.m. (he hath given, or, a gift; cf. Sab. n.pr. זבדם Hal:168 DHM:ZMG 1883, 15, זביד DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 50 = زُبَيْدُ; also NH n.pr. זביד)—

1. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 2:36, 2:37.

2. an Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:21.

3. one of David's valiant men 1 Ch 11:41.

4. one of the murderers of Joash of Judah 2 Ch 24:26 (LXX Ζαβελ, Ζαβεθ, Ζαβαθ), called יוֹזָכָר (q. v. sub הוה, יהוה) 2 K 12:22.

5. name of three returned exiles who had taken strange wives: a. Ezr 10:27; b. v:33; c. v:43.

† זָבוּד n.pr.m. (bestowed) an officer of Solomon 1 K 4:5.

† זבוד n.pr.m. a returned exile Ezr 8:14 Kt; Qr זַכּוּר, q. v. (B om.; A Ζαβουδ, i.e. זָבוּד; LXXL Ζακχουρ).

† זבידה Kt, זְבוּדָּה Qr, n.pr.f. mother of Jehoiakim 2 K 23:36 זְביּדָּ֯ה בַת־פְּדָיָה מִן־רוּמָה; (‖ 2 Ch 36:5 om. MT); quite otherwise LXXB ̓Ιελλα, daughter of ̓Εδειλ; in A the names are Εἰελδαφ & Εἰεδδιλα; LXX 2 Ch 36:5 Ζε(κ)χωρα & Νηρειου; LXXL (K & Ch) ̓Αμιταλ & ̓Ιερεμιου (confusion with Zedekiah's mother 24:18).

† זַבְדִּי n.pr.m. (cf. Ar. زَبْدُ gift; ? gift of י׳, vid. Dr:Stud. Bib. i. 5 & reff.; perh. my gift, gift to me: cf. זַבְדִּיאֵל; in NH n.pr. זבדי (זַבְדִּי or זַבְדַּי?); NT Ζεβεδαῖος, e.g. Mk 1:19, SyrVer ܙܰܒܕܰܝ, Zebedee)—

1. grandfather of Achan, of Judah (LXX Ζαμβρ(ε)ι etc., LXXL Ζαβδ(ε)ι) Jos 7:1 (app. = זִמְרִי 1 Ch 2:6, LXX Ζαμβρ(ε)ι) v:17, v:18.

2. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:19.

3. an officer of David 1 Ch 27:27.

4. a Levite Ne 11:17 (om. B; A Ζεχρι, LXXL Ζεχρει) prob. rd. זִכְרִי, as ‖ 1 Ch 9:15.

† זַבְדִיאֵל n.pr.m (my gift is God)—

1. father of one of David's officers 1 Ch 27:2.

2. a prominent Hebrew in Nehemiah's time Ne 11:14.

זְבַדְיָהוּ, זְבַדְיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath bestowed, cf. יְהוֹזָבָד, & reff., also זַבְדִּיאֵל supr.)—זְבַדְיָהוּ

1. Levites, a. 1 Ch 26:2; b. 2 Ch 17:8.

2. an officer of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 19:11. זְבַדְיָה

3. Benjamites, a. 1 Ch 8:15; b. 1 Ch 8:17.

4. one of David's men 1 Ch 12:8.

5. an officer of David 1 Ch 27:7.

6. a returning exile Ezr 8:8.

7. one of priestly house Ezr 10:20.

זָבַח:134 vb. slaughter for sacrifice (NH id., Ph. זבח; As. Zibû Dl:Pr 174 cf. Lotz:TP 174; Ar. ذَبَحَ, Sab. דַבח CIS:iv. 1, 2, No. 74 l. 11. 12; Aram. דְּבַח, ܕܒܰܚ, Eth. ) Qal:112 Pf. ז׳ 1 K 8:63, 13:2, זָבַחְתָּ Ex 20:24 + 3 t., זָבַחְתִּי Ez 39:19, זָֽבְחוּ Ex 34:15 Lv 17:5, זְבַחְתֶּם Ex 8:24, זָבַחְנוּ Ex 8:23; Impf. וַיִּזְבַּח Gn 31:54 + 14 t.; 2 ms. sf. תִּזְבָּחֶנּוּ Dt 15:21, 2 fs. sf. וַתִּזְבָּחִים Ez 16:20, 1 s. אֶזְבַּח Ps 116:17, אֶזְבְּחָה Ps 27:6, 54:8, Jon 2:10; 2 mpl. תִּזְבְּחוּ Lv 19:5 + 2 t., תִּזְבָָּחוּ Lv 22:29 + 2 t.; 1 pl. נִזְבְּחָה Ex 3:18 +, etc. (61 t. Impf.); Imv. זְבַח Ps 50:14, זִבְחוּ Ex 8:21, Ps 4:6; Inf. cstr. זְבֹחַ 1 S 15:15 + 14 t., לִזְבּוֹחַ 2 Ch 11:16, בְּזָבְחוֹ 2 S 15:12; Pt. act. זֹבֵחַ Ex 13:15 + 8 t., זוֹבֵחַ Is 66:3, pl. זֹבְחִים Lv 17:5 + (20 t. Pt.)—I. slaughter for sacrifice

1. c. acc. of a. kind of sacrifice זֶבַח ז׳ Gn 31:54 +, † פֶּסַח Dt 16:2, 16:5, 16:6, † שְׁלָמְים Dt 27:7, Jos 8:31, † תּוֹדָה Ps 50:14, 50:23, † עֹלוֹת ושׁלמים Ex 20:24 (E). b. victims, (a) animals † בָּקָר וָחאֹן 1 K 8:63, Nu 22:40, † חאן ובקר 2 Ch 18:2, † הַבְּרִיאָה Ez 34:3, † כָּל־פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם Ex 13:15 (J); † פָּרִים וְאֵילִים 1 Ch 15:26, שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה Dt 17:1; (β) mankind † בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת Ps 106:37, Ez 16:20, † זֹבְחֵי אָדָם sacrificers of mankind Ho 13:2 (so Ra AE Hi Wü MV; men that sacrifice AV RV after Ki, so Pu Ew Ke Now Che SS). c. † תּוֹעֲבַת מִחְרַיִם Ex 8:22, 8:22 (E), † מָשְׁחָת Mal 1:14.

2. absolute 1 S 1:5 + oft.

3. c. לְ of deity, † לְדָגוֹן Ju 16:23, † לַשְּׂעִירִם Lv 17:7 (H), † לַשֵּׁדִים Dt 32:17, Ps 106:37; other gods Ex 34:15 (JE) +; but usually ליהוה Ex 3:18 + 9 t. JE, Lv 17:5, 19:5, 22:29 (all H, not elsewh. in P), Dt 15:21, 16:2, 17:1, 1 S 1:3 +; † לֵאלֽהֵי אָבִיו Gn 46:1 (E), לאלהים Ps 50:14, † לאדני Mal 1:14.

4. with local prep. בְּ Gn 31:54 (E) +, עַל Ex 20:24 (E) +; לפני Lv 9:4 (P) +, על פני השׂדה Lv 17:5 (H). II. slaughter for eating (connected also with sacrifice, as all eating of flesh among ancient Hebrews was sacrificial, RS:Sem. 219) 1 S 28:24 (fat calf for Saul), Ez 34:3 (fat sheep for shepherds), 2 Ch 18:2 (sheep and oxen for Jehoshaphat, c. לְ of person); cf. Dt 12:15, v:21 (abs.), 1 K 19:21. III. slaughter in divine judgment Ez 39:17–19 c. acc. זִבְחִי (Gog and Magog as feast for vultures), 1 K 13:2, 2 K 23:20 (priests of high-places on their own altars). † Pi.:22 Pf. זִבַּח 2 Ch 33:22, זִבְּחוּ Ps 106:38, זִבֵָּחוּ Ho 12:12; Impf. יְזַבֵּחַ Hb 1:16, יְזַבֵָּחוּ Ho 4:13, 4:14, 11:2 (7 t. Impf.); Inf. cstr. לְֹזַבֵּחַ 1 K 12:32; Pt. מְזַבֵּחַ 1 K 3:3, pl. מְזַבְּחִים 2 Ch 5:6 + 8 t., מְזַבְּחוֹת 1 K 11:8; —sacrifice, 1. of the abundant sacrifices made to Yahweh by Solomon 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6, and Hezekiah 2 Ch 30:22, and prob. intensive; but 2. elsewhere of sacrifice to other deities, possibly iterative in some cases, but certainly not in all: לַבְּעָלִים Ho 11:2, לֵאלֽהֵיהֶן 1 K 11:8, לַעֲגָלִים 12:32, לְחֶרְמוֹ Hb 1:16, לַעֲחַבֵּי כְנָ֑עַן Ps 106:38, לֵאלֽתֵי דַּרְמֶשֶׂק 2 Ch 28:23, לְכָל־הַפְּסִילִים 33:22; or in unlawful places עַל־רָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים Ho 4:13 cf. v:14, בַּגִּלְגָּל 12:12, בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 3:2, 3:3, 22:44, 2 K 12:4, 14:4, 15:4, 15:35, 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4. It is used without direct obj. Ho 4:14 and oft.; also c. acc. of victim שְׁוָרִים Ho 12:12 חאֹן וּבָקָר 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6; sons and daughters Ps 106:38, זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים 2 Ch 30:22.

I. זֶ֫בַח:162 n.m.:Ju 16:23 sacrifice, ז׳ abs. Gn 31:54 +; cstr. Ex 34:25 +; זָ֑בַח Lv 17:8 + 16 t.; sf. זִבְחוֹ Lv 7:16, Ez 34:15, זִבְחֲכֶם Lv 19:6; pl. זְבָחִים Gn 46:1 +; cstr. זִבְחֵי Lv 17:5 +; sf. 3 mpl. זִבְחֵיהֶם Lv 17:5, זְבָחֵימוֹ Dt 32:38, זִבְחֹתָם † Ho 4:19 etc.;—the common and most ancient sacrifice, whose essential rite was eating the flesh of the victim at a feast in which the god of the clan shared by receiving the blood and fat pieces. In the older literature it is distinguished from מִנְחָה and עֹלָה, in the later literature from חַטָּאת and אָשָׁם. † I. general name for all sacrifices eaten at feasts:—

1. of the God of Israel Gn 46:1, Ex 10:25, 18:12 (E) Ho 3:4, 6:6, 9:4, Am 5:25, Is 1:11, 19:21, Dt 12:27, 18:3, 1 S 2:13, 2:29, 3:14, 6:15, 9:12, 9:13, 15:22, 15:22, 16:3, 16:5, 16:5, 2 S 15:12, 1 K 8:62, 12:27, 2 K 5:17, 16:15, Ps 40:7, 50:8, 51:18, 51:19, Pr 15:8, 21:3, 21:27, Is 43:23, 43:24, 56:7, Je 6:20, 7:21, 7:22, 17:26, 33:18, Ez 40:42, 44:11, 1 Ch 29:21, 29:21, 2 Ch 7:1, 7:4, 7:5, 7:12, Ne 12:43, Dn 9:27, Ec 4:17. They should be זִבְחֵי חֶדֶק sacrifices of righteousness (offered in righteousness by the righteous) Dt 33:19, Ps 4:6, 51:21; זִבְחֵי הַבְהָבַי sacrifices of gifts to me (י׳) Ho 8:13; the temple is בֵּית זָבַָח 2 Ch 7:12; they should not be רִיב ז׳ sacrifices of strife, where strife prevails Pr 17:1.

2. of other deities Ex 34:15, Nu 25:2, Dt 32:38 (JE) Ju 16:23, 2 K 10:19, 10:24, Ho 4:19, Is 57:7, Ez 20:28; these are זִבְחֵי מֵתִים sacrifices to dead things (lifeless gods, opp. to י׳ as living), Ps 106:28. II. there are several kinds of זְבָחִים which are gradually distinguished: † 1. the covenant sacrifice, between Jacob and Laban Gn 31:54 (E), with God Ps 50:5 (cf. Ex 24:5, 1 S 11:15). † 2. the passover זֶבַח חַג הַפֶּסַח Ex 34:25 (JE), זבח פסח Ex 12:27 (J); and prob. also זבחי Ex 23:18 (JE) = 34:25 (id.) †

3. annual sacrifice זֶבַח הַיָּמִים 1 S 1:21, 2:19, 20:6, cf. מִשְׁפָּחָה ז׳ sacrifice of the clan 1 S 20:29. †

4. thank offering תּוֹדָה(הַ) ז׳ Lv 7:12, 22:29, Ps 107:22, 116:17, which is given as קָרְבָּנוֹ ז׳, זִבְחוֹ, הַזָּבַח Lv 7:16, 7:17; and as a variety of שְׁלָמִים Lv 7:13, 7:15; it is implied in זִבְחֵי תְרוּעָה Ps 27:6; yet זֶבַח is generic with תּוֹדָה 2 Ch 29:31, 29:31.

5. in ritual of H & P זבחים are defined by שׁלמים (q. v.) Lv 3:1 + 39 t. Lv Nu, 1 S 10:8, 1 K 8:63, 2 Ch 30:22, 33:16, Pr 7:14, but sometimes (rarely) ז׳ alone is used in this sense, with or without suffix, where the meaning is plain from the context: Lv 17:5, 17:7, 17:8, 19:6, 23:37 (H) Nu 15:3, 15:5, 15:8, Jos 22:26, 22:29 (all P). These ritual offerings are of three varieties תּוֹדָה, נֶדֶר and נְדָבָה Lv 7:12, 7:16 (P); in the several lists זבחים are distinguished from תודות Am 4:4 f. 2 Ch 29:31, from נדרים Nu 15:8 (P) Dt 12:6, 12:11, Jon 1:16, from נדבות Am 4:4 f., Dt 12:6 and from the more comprehensive שׁלמים Nu 15:8, Jos 22:27 (P). So also the sacrifice at the institution of the covenant at Horeb Ex 24:5 (J E) and the sacrifice at the installation of Saul 1 S 11:5 are defined as † זבחים שׁלמים. Thus ז׳ seems not only to be used for all these special forms but also to include other festal sacrifices not defined in the codes of law. The ritual was the same for the entire class. They were all sacrifices for feasts in which the flesh of the victim was eaten by the offerers, except so far as the officiating priests had certain choice pieces and the blood and fat pieces went to the altar for God. The sacrifice at the institution of the covenant at Horeb, the Passover victim, and the ram of consecration, were special, in that there was an application of a portion of the blood to the persons and things which were to be consecrated, Ex 12:22, 24:8, Lv 8:23. †

6. the slaughter of hostile nations is also a זֶבַח offered by God Himself, in which the vultures devour the flesh of the victims Is 34:6, Je 46:10, Ez 39:17, 39:17, 39:19, Zp 1:7, 1:8.

7. the verb used with זֶבַח is ordinarily זָבַח but others also are found e.g. † עָשָׂה Nu 6:17, 15:3, 15:5, 15:8, Jos 22:23 (P) 1 K 12:27, 2 K 5:17, 10:24, Je 33:18 (cf. Sab. עסי דַבח Hal:148 DHM:ZMG 1888, 374); † הֵבִיא Am 4:4, Dt 12:6, 12:11, Je 17:26, † הִגִּישׁ Am 5:25, † הִקְרִיב Lv 7:11, 7:16, 22:21 (all P), † עָבַד Is 19:21, † נָתַן Ec 4:17, יַעֲלָה עֹלָה אוֹ זֶבַח Lv 17:8 (H), בִּשֵּׁל ז׳ Ez 46:24, שָׁחַט אֶת־הָעוֹלָה וְהַזָּבַָח Ez 40:42 cf. 44:11.

† II. זֶ֫בַח n.pr.m. a Midianite king Ju 8:5, 8:6, 8:7, 8:10, 8:12, 8:12, 8:15, 8:15, 8:18, 8:21, 8:21, Ps 83:12, LXX Ζεβεε.

מִזְבֵּחַ:401 n.m.:Jos 22:10 altar (Ar. مَذْبَحُ, place of slaughter, trench made by torrent, Sab. מדַבח DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 24); מ׳ abs. 2 K 18:22 + 223 t., הַמִּזְבֵָּחָה Ex 29:13 + 31 t.; cstr. מִזְבַּח Ex 20:24 + 76 t., sf. מִזְבְּחִי Ex 20:26 + 7 t., מִזְבַּחֲךָ 1 K 8:31 + 3 t., מִזְבְּחֶָךָ Dt 33:10; מִזְבְּחוֹ Ju 6:31 + 2 t.; pl. מִזְבְּחֹת Nu 23:1 + 5 t., מִזְבְּחוֹת 2 K 21:3 + 23 t., sf. מִזְבְּחוֹתֶיךָ Ps 84:4, other sfs. 21 t.;—

1. JE narrate that altars were built by Noah after leaving the ark Gn 8:20; by Abraham at Shechem 12:7, Bethel 12:8, Hebron 13:18, mt. in land Moriah 22:9; by Issac at Beersheba 26:25; by Jacob at Shechem 33:20 (yet this perh. mistake for מַצֵּבָה, being obj. of וַיַּצֶּב־שָׁם, not elsewhere with מזבח, cf. also Di), at Bethel 35:7, by Moses at Rephidim Ex 17:15, Horeb 24:4, by Balak at Bamoth Baal, Pisgah, & Peor Nu 23:1, 23:14, 23:29; by Joshua on Mt. Ebal Jos 8:30: the prophetic histories narrate that altars were built by Gideon at Ophra Ju 6:24; by a man of God at Bethel Ju 21:4; by Samuel at Ramah 1 S 7:17; by Saul after Michmash 1 S 14:35; by David on the threshing floor of Ornan 2 S 24:25 = 1 Ch 21:18, 1 Ch 22:1; that Solomon sacrificed on the altar at Gibeon 1 K 3:4 and built altars in the temple at Jerusalem 1 K 6:20, 8:64; that Jeroboam built an altar at Bethel 1 K 12:32 (which was destroyed by Josiah 2 K 23:15); and that Elijah repaired an ancient altar on Carmel 1 K 18:30. An altar in Egypt is predicted Is 19:19. All this accords with the law of the Covenant code Ex 20:24–26 which recognises a plurality of altars and prescribes that they shall be built of אֲדָמָה, or of unhewn stones, and without steps. So אֲבָנִים Dt 27:6 (JE), אֲבָנִים שְׁלֵמוֹת Jos 8:31, and twelve stones 1 K 18:30, 18:32; cf. Is 27:9. The altar was also a place of refuge Ex 21:24 (JE) 1 K 1:50, 1:51, 2:28.

2. D prescribes one central altar Dt 12:5 f. 27; but no attempt to enforce this principle appears before Hezekiah (2 K 18:4, 18:22), and Josiah, whose reform is more effectual, 2 K 23:8–20.

3. P limits sacrifices to the altars of the tabernacle. A great altar was built E. of the Jordan, but it was according to P only as an עֵד after the pattern of the altar before the Tabernacle Jos 22:10–34. P describes two altars: a. the מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Ex 30:28, 31:9, 35:16, 38:1, 40:6, 40:10, 40:29, Lv 4:7, 4:10, 4:25, 4:25, 4:30, 4:34 = הַנְּחשֶׁת מ׳ Ex 38:30, 39:39, made of acacia wood plated with brass, 5*5*3 cubits in size, with four horns and a network of brass, on which all sacrifices by fire were made Ex 27:1– 8 38:1–7; b. מִקְטַר קְטֹרֶת מ׳ made of acacia wood plated with gold, 1*1*2 cubits in size, with four horns and a crown of gold Ex 30:1–6 = הקטרת מ׳ Ex 30:27, 31:8, 35:15, 37:25 = הזהב מ׳ Ex 39:38, 40:5, 40:26, Nu 4:11 = קטרת הַסַּמִּים מ׳ Lv 4:7; these altars are named elsewhere only in Chr. 1 Ch 6:34, 16:40, 21:29, 2 Ch 1:5, 1:6.

4. Solomon made two altars for the temple at Jerusalem: a. הַנְּחשֶׁת מ׳ for the court 1 K 8:64 (which was laid aside by Ahaz 2 K 16:14, 16:15, who made an altar after the model of one he saw in Damascus 2 K 16:11); in v:14 הַמִּזְבַּח הַנּ׳ (cstr. form c. art.) is erron., rd. prob. מִזְבַּח cf. Ges:§ 127. 4 a ad fin.; this altar, according to Chr, measured 20*20*10 cubits 2 Ch 4:1; this מזבח נחשׁת(ה) also 7:7 & Ez 9:2; = העולה מ׳ 2 Ch 29:18, repaired by Asa 2 Ch 15:8; b. an altar of cedar, plated with gold, in the temple before the דְּבִיר 1 K 6:20, 6:22, 7:48; = הזהב מ׳ 2 Ch 4:19; = הַקְּטֹרֶת מ׳ 1 Ch 28:18, 2 Ch 26:16.

5. Ezekiel plans two altars for the new temple: a. a table of wood 3*2 cubits Ez 41:22; b. an altar for the court, prob. same dimensions as 4 a, with stairs Ez 43:13–17.

6. after the return Jeshua built an altar on the ancient site in the court of the temple Ezr 3:2.

7. besides these altars used in the worship of Yahweh, Ahab built an altar to Baal in Samaria 1 K 16:32; Ahaz made an altar on the roof of the upper chamber, and other kings of Judah made altars in the two courts, all of which were destroyed by Josiah 2 K 23:12.

8. the ancient and most common term for making altars was בָּנָה Gn 35:7 (E) 8:20 (J) Dt 27:5, 27:6, Ex 32:5 (JE) +, implying building material; other vbs. are הֵקִים 2 S 24:18, 1 K 16:32, 2 K 21:3, 1 Ch 21:18, 2 Ch 33:3; הֵכִין Ezr 3:3 (sq. עַל־מְכוֹנֹתָו֯); שִׂים Je 11:13; וַיַּצֶּב־ Gn 33:20 (but cf. 1.); Nu 23:4 (E) has עָרַח arrange, prepare; עָשָׂה Gn 35:1, 35:3, Ex 20:24 (E) Gn 13:4 (J) Ju not found22:28, 1 K 12:33, 18:26; this becomes usual in P, Ex 27:1, 30:1, 37:25, 38:1, 38:30, so 2 Ch 4:1, 4:19, 7:7, 28:24.

9. the dedication of the altar was חֲנֻכַּת המובהּ Nu 7:10, 7:11, 7:84, 7:88, 2 Ch 7:9; it was anointed with oil מָשַׁח Ex 40:10, Lv 8:11, Nu 7:10 (all P).

10. removal of unlawful altars is expr. by נָתַץ Ex 34:13 (JE) Dt 7:5, Ju 2:2, 6:30, 6:31, 6:32, 2 K 11:18, 23:12, 23:15; נִתַּץ (Pi) Dt 12:3, 2 Ch 31:1, 34:4, 34:7; נֻתַּץ Ju 6:28; הָרַס Ju 6:25, 1 K 19:10, 19:14; שִׁבַּר 2 Ch 23:17; הֵסִיר 2 K 18:22 = Is 36:7, 2 Ch 14:2, 30:14, 32:12, 33:15.

11. ministry at the altar was מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַמּ׳ Nu 18:5, Ez 40:46, cf. Nu 3:31 (P), מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מ׳ Jo 1:13; עָמַד עַל is said of officiating priest 1 K 13:1, עָלָה עַל Ex 20:26, 1 S 2:28, 1 K 12:33 + (cf. יָרַד Lv 9:22); sacrifices were usually offered עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Gn 22:9, Dt 12:27 +; v. especially the phrases with זָרַק Ex 29:16, 29:20 + (v. זרק); הִקְטִיר Lv 4:10 (v. קטר Hiph.); הֶעֱלָה Lv 6:3 + (v. עלה Hiph.) לְבַעֵר Ne 10:35; but בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ Gn 8:20 (J) Nu 23:2, 23:4, 23:14, 23:30 (E); one touching the altar is הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּמּ׳ Ex 29:37 (P); לפני המ׳ of placing, or standing before altar Dt 26:4, 1 K 8:22; as acc. loc. הַמִּזְבֵּ֫חָה in phrases esp. c. הִקְטִיר Ex 29:13 +, and הֶעֱלָה Lv 14:20.

12. the horns of the altar were especially for the application of the blood of the sin-offering in the ritual; sin is represented as graven לְקַרְנוֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶם Je 17:1; therefore of blood for cleansing it was said † נָתַן על קרנות המ׳ Ex 29:12, Lv 4:7, 4:18, 4:25, 4:30, 4:34, 8:15, 9:9, 16:18 (all P). An ancient custom is referred to, Ps 118:27 אִסְרו־חַג בַּעֲבֹתִָים עַד־קרנות המזבח bind the festal victim with cords, unto the horns of the altar: Ainsworth paraphrases: ‘ that is, all the court over, untill you come even to the hornes of the altar, intending hereby many sacrifices, ’ so De; but Che ‘ bind the procession with branches, (step on) to the altar-horns, ’ that is in sacred procession round the altar.

13. the יְסוֹד (q.v.) is also referred to in the ritual of the sin-offerings in the phrases יָחַק אל יסוד Lv 8:15, 9:9 & שָׁפַךְ אל יסוד Ex 29:12, Lv 4:7, 4:18, 4:25, 4:30, 4:34 (all P) יִמָּחֵה אל יסוד Lv 5:9.

14. the altar was קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים Ex 29:37, 40:10 (P); but repeated sin-offerings were necessary to keep it pure and cleanse it from the pollution of the people in whose midst it was situated. This is expressed by חִטֵּא Lv 8:15 (P) Ez 43:22; כִּפֶּר Lv 16:20, 16:33 (P) Ez 43:26; קִדַּשׁ Ex 29:44, 40:10, Lv 8:15, Nu 7:1 (P); טִהַר 2 Ch 29:18.

זַבַּי v. sub זבב. p. 256

† זְבִינָא n.pr.m. (bought; Aram., fr. √ זְבַן, buy, cf. BAram. Dn 2:8)—name of one who had taken a strange wife Ezr 10:43.

† [זָבַל] vb. prob. exalt, honour (As. zabâlu COT:Gloss and id. on Gn 30:20, 1 K 8:13, cf. Dl:Pr 62 f. so De; Ph. n.pr.f. בעלאזבל (prob. = Baal has exalted) cf. אִיזֶבֶל p. 33 supr.; cf. Ar. زَبَلَ take up and carry; > Nö:ZMG 1886, 729, who connects these vbs. with Syr. ܣܒܰܠ bear, carry, cf. Heb. סָבַל)—Qal Impf. יִזְבְּלֵנִי אִישִׁי Gn 30:20 b (J), my husband will honour me (in expl. of name Zebulun (v. infr.); on another appar. expl. in v:a cf. זבד); > AV al. dwell with me, cf. Thes RobGes who derive dwell with fr. an assumed mng. be round (cf. דור); and others (cf. MV:8. 9), who derive dwell as denom. from זְבֻל in sense dwelling.

† I. זְבֻל n.[m.] elevation, height, lofty abode (NH זְבוּל temple);—בָּנוֹ בָּנִיתִי בֵּית זְבֻל לָָךְ 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2 (poet.; prob. from book of Jashar, cf. LXX We:Comp. 271 Dr:Intr. 182; on בֵּית־זְבֻל = As. bît zabal, lofty house cf. COT 1 K 8:13 Dl:Pr 62 f.); לְבַלּוֹת שְׁאוֹל מִזְּבֻל לוֹ Ps 49:15 text dub.; Ew Hi Ri Now rd. מַזְבּוּל (or מִזְבּוֹל, Ew) as n. = dwelling; Che prop. for מִזְּבֻל, ם ז׳[לְעוֹלָ] Che:crit. n.; זְבֻל קָדְשְׁךָ Is 63:15 (‖שָׁמַיִם) the high abode of thy holiness (cf. Che:crit. n,); of the lofty abode of sun and moon: שֶׁמֶשׁ יָרֵחַ עָמַד זְבָֻלָה Hb 3:11.

† II. זְבֻל n.pr.m. an officer of Abimelech Ju 9:28, 9:30, 9:36, 9:36, 9:38, 9:41.

† זְבוּלֻן, זְלֻבוּן n.pr.m. Zebulun (on expl. of name given in E and J cf. זבד, זבל);—זְבוּלֻן Gn 49:13 + 25 t.; זְבֻלוּן Ju 5:18 + 17 t.; זְבוּלוּן Ju 1:30; —

1. sixth son of Jacob and Leah Gn 30:20, 35:23, 46:14, 49:13, Ex 1:3, 1 Ch 2:1.

2. the tribe of Zebulun Nu 1:9, Dt 27:13, 33:18, 33:18, Ju 1:30, 4:10, 5:14, 5:18, Ez 48:26, 1 Ch 12:34, 12:41, 27:19, 2 Ch 30:11, 30:18; cf. שָׂרֵי ז׳ Ps 68:28; שַׁעַר ז׳ Ez 48:33; בְּנֵי ז׳ Nu 1:30, 2:7, 7:24, 26:26, Jos 19:10, 19:16, Ju 4:6; מַטֵּה ז׳ Nu 1:31, 2:7, 13:10; מַטֵּה בְּנֵי ז׳ Nu 10:16, 34:25.

3. territory of the tribe אֶרֶץ ז׳ Ju 12:12, אַרְחָה ז׳ Is 8:23, גְּבוּל ז׳ Ez 48:27; also ז׳ alone Jos 19:27, 19:34, 2 Ch 30:10, מַטֵּה ז׳ Jos 21:7; 21:34, 1 Ch 6:48, 6:62.

† זְבוּלֽנִי adj.gent. Ju 12:11, 12:12; c. art. = n. coll. the Zebulonites Nu 26:27.

זוג, זיג (appar. √ of foll.; Targum NH זוג, זִיג is be clear, bright transparent (Ch WB Jastr:391 a); others (so Thes) derive foll. from √ זגג with same meaning, v. infr. & F1 NHWB:i. 500 b).

† זָג n.[m.] name of some comparatively insignif. product of vine (גֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן), the eating of which was included in prohibition to Nazi-rite; skin of grape, so Thes (after Onk Mishna Maaser. 5:§ 4, Orla 1:§ 8, cf. Sifre ad loc.): מֵחַרְחַנִּים וְעַד־זָג֗ לאֹ יאֹכֵָל Nu 6:4 (NH זג, זוג; so called as transparent ? cf. Aram. חְגוּגִיתָא ܙܰܓܽܘܓܺܝܬܳܐ glass, NH זַגָּג glazier (Ar. زُجَاجُ glass, is a loan-wd. acc. to Frä:64); cf. theory of √ in Lag:Ges. Ath. 41, Fl:1. c.: but in Heb. glass is זְכוֹכִית).

זֶד, זָדוֹן v. sub זיד. p. 267–68

זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv.; fem. זאֹת, once זאֹתָה, Jer 26:6 Kt (also זֹה and זוֹ, q.v.); comm. זוּ (q.v.): this, here (the element ז = ذ = ܕ is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstr. particle, often acquiring, like Engl. that, Germ. der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus a. Ph. זֶ this (e.g. קבר ז this grave), also sts. זן, f. זא, comm. אז (v. CIS I. i. 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:12, 44:1, 88:2 etc.); Aram. of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the genit. [lit. that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 69–71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה this (ib. 113:22 145 C:2), f. זא 113:15 145 B:5; Aram. of Zinjirli ז, זן, זנה this, זי which (DHM:Sendsch. 56); Eth. z: ze, this, f. z4: zā, za: za, who (masc.), also (like זִי, and דִּי, דְּ [v. infr.]) in common use as a mark of the genitive; b. Arab. ذَا this, fem. ذِي, ذُو (gen. ذِي, acc. ذَا, fem. ذَاتُ), possessor of (lit. that of…, i.e. one who owns), or in the Ṭayyite dialect, who, which: from ذَا, with هَا lo! prefixed, هَاذَا this, f. هَذِهِ, with the pron. element -k affixed, ذَاكَ = this: with &atO;’al (= the art.) + a demonstr. element la prefixed, أَلَّذِي who, which (in origin = Heb. הַלָּזֶה this, q.v.); Sab. דַן this, f. דַת, דַ who, which, f. דַת (Prä:ZMG. 1872, 419, DHM:ZMG. 1883, 338 f., also:Epigr. Denkm. 65); c. B Aram. דִּי which, דֵּךְ, דִּכֵּן, דְּנָה (q.v.) this, f. דָּא (= זאֹת), דָּךְ; Palm. and Nab. די which, דנה this; Targum דְּ which, דֵּין, דֵּיכֵּי this, f. דָּא; with הא lo! prefixed, הָדֵין, הָדָא (Syr. ܗܳܢܳܐ ܗܳܢ, contr. from ܗܳܕܶܢ), ܗܳܕܶܐ; Syr. ܕ who, which; Sam. d who, which, dn this, f. dh Mand. ד who, which, דהַ this (rare), more commonly האדין, האזין (Nö:Mand § 80, 81). Alike in Heb. and the other dialects, the corresp. plur. is derived from a different source: Heb. אֵלָּה, Ph. אל, Eth. Õ’ellū, Õ’ellā, these, Õ’ella, who, Arab. أُولَي, these, أُولُوا, أُولِي owners of, Sab. אלן these, אל, אלי who, which, Aram. אִלֵּין, with הא lo! prefixed, ܗܐܠܶܝܢ, Sam. 0lyn, Mand. עלין. Only the Arab. أَلَّذِي forms its own pl. أَلَّذِينَ. V. further W:SG 107 ff.)—

1. standing alone: a. this one, sts. contemptuously (esp. with אֵת), Gn 2:23 לָזאֹת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה כִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקֳּחָה־זּאֹת, 5:29 …זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ, 12:12, 38:28, Ex 10:7 עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֹקֵשׁ, 1 S 10:27 מַה יּוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ זֶה how shall this man save us ? 16:8, 16:9, 21:16 that ye have brought אֶת־זֶה this fellow to play the madman against me ? 25:21 in vain have I kept אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר לָזֶה all that this fellow hath etc. 2 S 13:17 אֶת־זאֹת, 1 K 22:27 אֶת־זֶה, Mi 5:4, Is 66:2; as a genit., Gn 29:27, 29:28, 1 K 21:2; with a collective force Lv 11:4; 11:9 (= Dt 14:7, 14:9), v:21, v:29, Ju 20:16, 20:17 (כָּל־זֶה), Jb 19:19 (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאת is most common, as with עשׂה to do this Gn 3:14, 20:5, 20:6, 45:19 and oft., שׁמעו זאת Am 8:4, Is 47:8, 48:1, 48:16, 51:21 al.; Gn 41:39, Ex 17:14, Dt 32:6, Ju 7:14, 21:3 הָֽיְתָה זאֹת…לָמָה (cf. Jb 1:13, Ps 118:23) 1 K 11:39, 2 S 7:19, 2 K 3:18 +; אֵין זאֹת 1 S 20:2 b cf. Am 2:11 rarely so with אֶת־ † Jos 22:24, Je 9:11; Ps 92:7; as an accus. of limit., as regards this, in this, Ez 20:27, 36:37, Jb 19:26 (si vera l.), 33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) אַחֲרֵי זאֹת † Jb 42:16, Ezr 9:10, כל־זאת א׳ † 2 Ch 21:18, 35:20; pointing forward to a foll. clause, Gn 42:18, 43:11, Nu 8:24, 14:35, Is 56:2, Jb 10:13 etc.; Ex 9:16, 1 S 25:31, Is 1:12 מִי דִקֵּשׁ זאת מִיֶּדְכֶם :רְמֹס חֲחֵרָֽי; to one introduced by כִּי 2 S 19:22, Ps 102:19, 119:50, 119:56 (see also בְּזאֹת 6 b β): but זֶה also sts. occurs similarly Ex 13:8, Pr 24:12, Jb 15:17, Ne 2:2, Ec 1:17, 2:15 גם זה הבל (so v:19, v:21, v:23 +), 7:18, 7:18; of a concrete obj., Ex 30:31, 2 K 4:43 מָה אֶתֵּן זֶה לִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ: in late Heb., Ne 13:6 בְּכָל־זֶה during all this, 2 Ch 32:9 אַחַר זֶה; pointing forwards La 5:17 f., to כִּי Ps 56:10 Je 22:21. (See also below, 6 g.) b. repeated זֶה…זֶה, this…that, the one…the other or (if indefinite) another, Gn 29:27 (זאֹת), Ex 14:20 וְלאֹ קָרַב זֶה אֶל זֶה, 1 K 3:23, 22:20, Is 6:3, 44:5 (3 t.), Ps 75:8 זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים, Jb 1:16–18, 21:23, 21:25 +.

2. In appos. to a subst.: a. preceding it (rare) Ex 32:1, 32:23 זֶה משֶׁה, Ju 5:5 (= Ps 68:9) זֶה סִינַי this Sinai, Jos 9:12 זֶה לַחְמֵנוּ this our bread, 1 K 14:14, 2 K 6:33, Is 23:13 זֶה הָעָם, Ps 34:7, 49:14, 104:25 זה הים גדול וג׳ this sea there is great and broad, 118:20, Ct 7:8, Ezr 3:12. (Cf. זוּ Hb 1:11.) b. following it:—(a) when the subst. is determined by a pron. affix, Gn 24:8 שְׁבוּעָתִי זאֹת, this my oath, Dt 5:16 O that לְבָבָם זֶה this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! 21:20, Jos 2:14, 2:20 דְּבָרֵנוּ זֶה, Ju 6:14 go בְּכֹחֲךָ זֶה in this thy strength, Dn 10:17, 2 Ch 24:18. (Cf. אֵלֶּה, a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, 2 K 1:2 חֳלִי זֶה (so 8:8, 8:9), Ps 80:15 (β) with the art., הַזֶּה, הַזּאֹת, after a subst. determined also by the art., Gn 7:1 בַּדּוֹר הַזֶּה, v:13 הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, 12:7 הָאָרֶץ הַזּאֹת, 15:7, 17:21, 17:23, Dt 4:6 הגוי הגדול הזה, and continually. Not however after a n.pr., except such as are construed with the art., as הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Gn 32:11, Dt 3:27, 31:2, Jos 1:2, 1:11, 4:22, הַלְּבָנוֹן הַזֶּה Jos 1:4, cf. Nu 27:12 = Dt 32:49 (2 K 5:20 הַזֶּה belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever (2 Ch 1:10 after a noun with a pron. affix (Jos 2:17 מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ הַזֶּה the gender of הזה shews that the text is in error: v. Dr:§ 209 Obs.).

3. More oft. as pred., as 1 S 24:17 הֲקוֹלְךָ זֶה, 2 K 3:23 דָּם זֶה this is blood, 9:37 :זאֹת אִיזָֽבֶל, Ez 5:5 etc.; הֲזֶה Is 14:16, הֲזאֹת 23:7, La 2:15; oft. at the beginning or close of enumerations (esp. P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Gn 5:1 זה ספר this is the book…, 9:12 זאֹת אוֹת הַבְּרִית, 17:10, 20:13 זֶה חַסְדֵּךְ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשִׂי עִמָּדִי, Lv 6:2, 6:13, 6:18, 7:1, 7:11, Dt 6:1, 33:1, Jos 13:2, Jb 27:13, Is 58:6 etc.; …זה הדבר אשׁר Ex 16:16, 35:4, Jos 5:4, Ju 20:9, 21:11, Is 27:22, Je 38:21 +, cf. …זה אשׁר this is what (or how)…Gn 6:15, Ex 29:38, Je 33:16; זֶה לְךָ הָאוֹת Ex 3:12, 1 S 2:34 +; at the end, Lv 7:37, 11:46, 13:50, Nu 5:21, 7:17, 7:23 etc., Jos 19:8, 19:16, 19:23 etc., Is 14:26, 16:13 (…זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר), 17:14, 54:17, Je 13:25, Ps 109:20, Ct 5:16, 5:16, Jb 5:27, in the latter case sts. with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), 18:21, 20:29 (cf. אֵלֶּה Ps 73:12), Ps 24:6, 48:15 such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) Zp 2:15; cf. Jb 14:3 אַף־עַל־זֶה upon one such as this (v:1, v:2) dost thou open thy eyes?

4. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view מי זה and מי הוא: v. הוא 4 b. Thus a. אֵי־זֶה:15 where, then ? Jb 28:12 אֵי־זֶה מְקוֹם בִּינָה, v:20, 38:19 b (v. other exx. sub אַי 1 b, p. 32). b. מִי־זֶה, † 1 S 17:55, 17:56 בֶּן־מִי־זֶה֖ :הָעָֽלֶם the son of whom, here, is the lad ? Je 49:19 (= 50:44) וּמִי זֶה רֹעֶה אֲשֶׁר וג׳ and who (emph.) is the shepherd that etc., La 3:37, Ps 24:8 Who is the king of glory ? (for which in v:10 the stronger מִי הוּא זֶה is said: so Je 30:21, Est 7:5), 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this… is admissible: Is 63:1, Je 46:7, Jb 38:2, 42:3; cf. מִי־זאֹת Ct 3:6, 6:10, 8:5. c. מַה־זֶה how, now ? Gn 27:20, Ju 18:24 וּמַה־זֶּה תּאֹמְרוּ אֵלַי and how, now, do ye say to me…? 1 K 21:5, 2 K 1:5; what, now ? (τίποτε;) 1 S 10:11 מַה־זֶּה הָיָה לְבֶן־קִישׁ; עַל־מַהאזֶּה for what ? Ne 2:4: contracted into מַזֶּה Ex 4:2. (Cf. Aram. מָדֵין why ? ܡܳܕܶܝܢ used as aconj. therefore, e.g. 2 S 18:22 SyrVer, PS:2013: both formed similarly.) d. מַה־זּאֹת in the phrase (עֲשִׂיתֶם, עָשִׂית) מַה־זּאֹת עָשִׂיתָ Gn 3:13, 12:18, 26:10, 29:25, 42:28, Ex 14:11, Ju 2:2, 15:11 +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done ? (Fl De) or what is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done ? (The Arab. grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresp. phrase in Arabic مَا ذَا صَنَعْتَ; De:Gen. 3:13 (ed. 4), and esp. Fl:Kl Schr. i. 356 Lane:p. 948.) e. לָמָּֽה־זֶּה wherefore, now ? Gn 18:13, 25:22, 32:30, Ex 5:22, Nu 11:20 + oft. Cf. Arab. لِمَا ذَْ f. הַאַתָּה זֶה † 2 S 2:20 האתה זה עשׂהאל Art thou Asahel ? 1 K 18:7, 18:17, without הֲ Gn 27:24; in an indirect question Gn 27:21. g. הִנֵּה זֶה behold, here… † 1 K 19:5 (in narrative), Is 21:9, Ct 2:8, 2:9. Cf. Nu 13:17 (unusual) עֲלוּ זֶה בַּנֶּגֶבּ go up here in the South. h. עַתָּה זֶה, † 1 K 17:24 עַתָּה זֶה יָדַעְתִּי now I know that…, 2 K 5:22 just now. Also i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: Gn 27:36 he hath supplanted me זֶה פַעֲמַיִם now two times (so 43:10), 31:38 now, already twenty years, v:41 (…זֶה־לִּי, 45:6, Nu 14:22 now ten times, 22:28, 22:32 זֶה שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים, Dt 8:2, 8:4, Jos 22:3 זֶה יָמִים רַבִּים, 2 S 14:2 +; Zc 7:3 זֶה כַּמָּה שָׁנִים already how many years! cf. Ru 2:7.

5. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare: but see also זוֹ, זוּ): Psalm 74:2 the hill of Zion זה שׁכנת בּוֹ wherein thou dwellest, 78:54, 104:8 אל־מְקום זה to the place (st. c. Ges:§ 130. 3) which… v:26, Pr 23:22, Is 25:9; = that which Jb 15:17, those who 19:19 (so once, Ex 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה with the preceding subst., and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַר־זֶ֜ה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, ‘this mountain, (which) thy right hand,’ etc.

6. With prefixes (in special senses):—a. בָּזֶה:15 in this (place), here, Gn 38:21, 38:22, Ex 24:14, Nu 23:1, 23:1, 1 S 1:26, 9:11 +; of time, then, † Est 2:13. Once בַּזֶה 1 S 21:10. b. בְּזאֹת (a) with this = on these conditions, Gn 34:15, 34:22, 1 S 11:2, Is 27:9; = herewith, thus provided Lv 16:3. (β) by or through this (esp. with יָדַע), Gn 42:15, 42:33, Ex 7:17, Nu 16:28, Jos 3:10, Ps 41:12; so בָּזאֹת Mal 3:10. (γ) in spite of this, Lv 26:27, Ps 27:3, for which the fuller בְּכָל־זאֹת occurs, Is 5:25, 9:11, 9:16, 9:20, 10:4, Ps 78:32, Je 3:10, Ho 7:10. (δ) בָּזאֹת for this cause (late style) † 1 Ch 27:24, 2 Ch 19:2; in this matter 20:17; c. כָּזֶה (a) † Gn 41:38 …הֲנִמְחָא כָזֶה אִישׁ אשׁר, Is 56:12, 58:5, Je 5:9 גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר כָּזֶה (so v:29, 9:8). (β) כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה thus and thus, † Ju 18:4, 2 S 11:25, 1 K 14:5. d. כְּזאֹת the like of this = as follows, † Gn 45:23; כָּזאֹת the like of this = things such as these Ju 13:23 (c. השׁמיע), 15:7, 19:30 לא נראתה כָּזאֹת, 1 S 4:7 (cf. Je 2:10, 2 Ch 30:26), 2 S 14:13 (c. חשׁב), Is 66:8 (c. שׁמע), Ezr 7:27; = accordingly, to that effect (c. דִּבֶּר) 2 Ch 34:22; = in like manner Ju 8:8; = thus (as has been described) 1 K 7:37, 1 Ch 29:14, 2 Ch 31:20, 32:15: כָּזאֹת וְכָזאֹת thus and thus † Jos 7:20, 2 S 17:15, 17:15, 2 K 5:4, 9:12. e. מִזֶּה from here, hence Gn 37:17, 42:15, 50:25, Ex 11:1, 11:1, 13:3, Dt 9:12 + oft.: מִזֶּה…מִזֶּה on one side…on the other side Ex 17:12 מזה אחד ומזה אחד, 25:19, 26:13, 32:15 מזה ומזה הם כתובים, Nu 22:24, 1 S 14:4, 1 K 10:19, 10:20, Zc 5:3 +; מִוֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ on one side and on the other side of… Ex 38:15, Jos 8:33, Ez 45:7, 48:21. f. עַל זֶה on this account (rare), La 5:17 (pointing forwards), Est 6:3. So עַל זאֹת Am 8:8, Mi 1:8, Je 2:12 (Jb 17:8) 4:8, 4:28, Ps 32:6; in late prose Ezr 8:23, 9:15, 10:2, Ne 13:14 2 Ch 16:9, 16:10, 29:9, 32:20. g. עִם זֶה in spite of this † Ne 5:18.—On אֵי זֶה which ? אֵי מִזֶּה whence ? אֵי לָזאֹת how ? v. sub אַי 2, p. 32; and on הַלָּז, הַלָּזֶה, הַלֵּזוּ, v. p. 229.

Note.—זֶה in 1 S 17:34 (in many edd.) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim's Rabbin. Bible of 1525 for שׂה sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subseq. edd. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient edd. is שֶׂה (cf. de Rossi:Var. Lect. ii. 151).

† זֹה this (f.) = זאֹת (cf. זוֹ, in Mish. the regular fem. of זֶה)—2 K 6:19, Ez 40:45, Ec 2:2, 2:24, 5:15, 5:18, 7:23, 9:13 (זאת does not occur in Ec); also in the phr. כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה (v. זה 6 c β).

† זוֹ i.q. זֹה (q.v.): only Ho 7:16 b זוֹ לַעָגָּם this (i.e. the falling by the sword, v:a) is their derision; and (as, relat.) Ps 132:12 וְעֵדֹ֫תִ֖י זֹוֹ and my testimony which… (neglecting the accentuation: v. De, and cf. the remark under זֶה 5).

† זוּ pron. (poet.), indeclinable.

1. a demonstr. Hb 1:11 זוּ כֹחוֹ this his strength, Ps 12:8 מִן־הַדּוֹר זוּ (unusual, for הַזֶּה), 62:12 שְׁתַּיִם־זוּ שָׁמַעָתִּי these two things &c. (but: better (Wickes:Post. Acc. 64) שְׁ֖תַּיִם ז֣וּ two things (are there) which &c.: v. 2). 2 a relative, Ex 15:13 עַם־זוּ גָאָָלְתָּ the people which thou hast redeemed, v:16, Is 42:24 זוּ חָטָאנוּ לוֹ against whom we sinned, 43:21, Ps 9:16 (fem.) רֶשֶׁת־שזוּ טָ֜פָמנוּ so 31:5, 10:2, 17:9 (with a plural antecedent) מִפְּנֵי רְשָׁעִים זוּ שַׁדּוּנִי, 32:8, 68:29 (thou) who hast wrought for us ! 142:4, 143:8. To most of these passages the remark made under זה 5 respecting the intention of the punctuators also applies: comp. De on Ps 9:16. (Cf. ذُو, used as an indeclin. relat. pron. = أَلّذِي in the Ṭayyite dialect: thus أَتي عليهم ذو أتي there has come upon them that which has come: نحن ذو فعلنا كذا it is we who have done this. See Schu:Hariri Cons. ii. 75, Thes:406, W:AG. i. 347, e, Lane:p. 986, Fl:Kl. Schr. i. p. 359.)

זהב (√ of foll.; meaning dubious; cf. Lag:BN 55 Anm).

זָהָב:385 n.m.:Gn 2:12 gold (NH id.; Ar. ذَهَبَ Sab. דַהב e.g. Os:29 DHM:ZMG 1883, 338; Aram. דְּהַב, ܕܗܰܒ, Palm. דהבא Vog:No. 23)—ז׳ abs. Gn 2:11 + 364 t.; cstr. Gn 2:12 + 6 t.; sf. זְהָבִי 1 K 20:7 + 2 t.; זְהָֽבְךָ 1 K 20:3, 20:5; זְהָבֶָךָ Is 30:22; זְהָבוֹ Is 2:20, 31:7; זְהָבָם Ho 8:4 + 4 t.;—gold,

1. = gold-ore, gold in a raw state, Gn 2:11, 2:12, Je 10:9, Pr 17:3, 27:21, Jb 28:1 +; perh. also 1 K 9:28, 10:11, 22:49 etc.; cf. עַפְרֹת ז׳ Jb 28:6 gold-dust; v. also Zc 13:9 (sim. of tried people י׳) and cf. Mal 3:3; likewise Jb 23:10 (sim. of Job's purity, as shewn by divine tests); מִצָּפוֹן זָהָב Jb 37:22 is dub.; Ew De al. out of the North comes gold; others, however, golden light, brightness, of sun after clouds dispersed by north wind, LXX Rabb. Da al.; or golden splendour of God coming from north Bö:Ä 76 Hi al.; Siegf conj. יהוה for זהב

2. gold as wealth Gn 13:2 (J; + מִקְנֶה, כֶּסֶף) 24:34 (J; + חאֹן, בָּקָר, כֶּסֶף, עֲבָדִם, שְׁפָחֹת, גְּמַלִּים, חֲמֹרִים) cf. Ho 2:8, Is 2:7, Dt 8:13, 17:17, Jb 3:15, 31:24, Zc 14:14, Ezr 1:4, 1:6 +; in gen., as precious: נִבְחָר שֵׁם מֵעשֶׁר רָָב מִכֶּסֶף וּמִזָּהָב חֵן טוֹב Pr 22:1 to be chosen is a name more than great riches, and good favour more than silver and than gold; Jb 28:17 (of wisdom) gold and glass do not equal it; Ps 19:10 (ordinances of י׳) which are more to be desired than gold; cf. 119:72, 119:127; also metaph. of princes and chief men of Zion La 4:1 (cf. v:2).

3. gold as spoil of war Jos 6:19 (+ כֶּסֶף, כְּלֵי־נְחשֶׁת, בַּרְזֶל) so v:24, cf. 7:21, 7:24, 22:8, 2 K 7:8 +.

4. gold as merchandise Ez 27:22 (+ אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, ראֹשׁ כָּל־בּשֶֹׁם), cf. also gold from Ophir 1 K 9:28 etc. (v. sub 7 infr.)

5. gold as costly gift: to a prophet מְלאֹ בֵּיתוֹ כֶּסֶף וְז׳ (hypothet.), Nu 22:18, 24:13 (both E); brought by queen of Sheba to Solomon 1 K 10:2, 10:10 (both + אֶבֶן יְקָרָה and בְּשָׂמִים) = 2 Ch 9:1, 9:9; as tribute 2 K 23:35, 23:35 (cf. v:33; all + כֶּסֶף); as satisfaction for murder 2 S 21:4 (+ כֶּסֶף).

6. gold as material: of (nose- or ear-) ring, נֶזֶם Gn 24:22, Ex 32:2, 32:3, Ju 8:24, 8:25, Pr 11:22, 25:12, Jb 42:11; of chain Gn 41:42, shields 2 S 8:7, images of emerods 1 S 6:4, 6:17 and mice v:4, v:11, v:18; בְּמַשְׂכִּיּוֹת כֶּסֶף תַּפּוּחֵי ז׳ Pr 25:11; גֻּלַּת ז׳ Ex 12:6; כְּלֵי־ז׳ Ex 3:22, 11:2, 12:35, 1 S 6:8, Ps 105:37 etc.; כְּלֵי־כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב Gn 24:53 as presents to a bride (+ בְּגָדִים); so of presents to secure king's favour 2 S 8:10 (+ כְּלֵי נְחשֶׁת), and in list of yearly gifts or tribute to Sol. 1 K 10:25 = 2 Ch 9:24; as material of idols אֱלֽהֵי כֶסֶף וֵאלֽהֵי ז׳ Ex 20:23 cf. 32:31, Ho 8:4, Is 2:20, 30:22, 31:7, Dt 29:16, Ps 115:4, 135:15; as plating of idols Dt 7:25; especially as material of the furnishings of Solomon's temple, or (oftener) the platings of temple, or parts thereof, or of its furnishings 1 K 6:20, 6:21, 6:21, 6:21, 6:22, 6:22, 6:28, 7:48 + 10 t. 1 K 6:7; also 2 Ch 3:5, 3:5, 3:6 + 14 t. 2 Ch 3:4; cf 1 Ch 28:14, 28:14 + 14 t. 1 Ch 28:29 (David's preparation for temple); v. also 2 K 24:13 cf. 14:14 = 2 Ch 25:24, 2 K 25:15 = Je 52:19 (in accounts of plundering temple etc.); but more often still of furnishing and utensils of tabernacle, insignia of high-priest etc., Ex 25:3, 25:11, 25:24 + 97 t. Ex 25–40, Lv 8:9, Nu 4:11, 8:4; (in case of large objects frequently of plating or sheathing, cf. 12 c infr.) Note the expressions ליהוה תְּנוּפַת ז׳ Ex 35:22 a wave-offering of gold, זְהַב הַתְּנוּפָה 38:24; also זְהַב הַתְּרוּמָה Nu 31:52 (all P) cf. Ezr 8:25, and (of offering to heathen god) יְכַבֵּד בְּזָהָב Dn 11:38. †

7. gold described by its source, esp. gold from Ophir (cf. Glass: Skizze ii. 357 ff. 368) 1 K 9:28, 10:11, 22:49, 1 Ch 29:4, 2 Ch 8:18, 9:10; so perh Je 10:9 (rd. אוֹפִיר for אוּפַז Ew Klo al.); זְהַב שְׁבָא Ps 72:15; on פַּרְוָ֑יִם ז׳ 2 Ch 3:6 v. פרוים; cf. further Gn 2:11, 2:12.

8. gold defined by var. adj. and pts.: שָׁחוּט ז׳ beaten gold (v. שָׁחַט) 1 K 10:16, 10:17 = 2 Ch 9:15, 9:15, 9:16; סָגוּר ז׳ 1 K 6:20, 6:21; also 7:49, 7:50, 10:21 = 2 Ch 4:20, 4:22, 9:21 (on mng. v. סָגַר); esp. (but only P & Ch) טָהוֹר ז׳ pure gold Ex 25:11, 25:17, 25:24 + 21 t. Ex 25, 28, 30, 37, 39 (of equipments of tabernacle and high priest's insignia), 1 Ch 28:17, 2 Ch 3:4, 9:17; cf. טוֹב ז׳ 2 Ch 3:5, 3:8; on מוּפָז ז׳ 1 K 10:18, AV best gold, cf. אוּפָז, פָּזַז.

9. ז׳ as measure of weight and value: a. = gold-shekel, מִשְׁקָלָם עֲשָׂרָה ז׳ Gn 24:22; כַּף אַחַת עֲשָׂרָה ז׳ Nu 7:14 + 11 t. Nu 7; אֶלֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵאוֹת ז׳ Ju 8:26, cf. 1 K 10:16, 2 K 5:5, 2 Ch 9:15, 9:16; וָכָָסֶף אַלְפֵי ז׳ Ps 119:72; comp. further Jos 7:21; but also (only Ch) שֶׁקֶל expressed: מִשְׁקַל שִׁקְלֵי ז׳ שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת 1 Ch 21:25 (50 shekels of silver in ‖ 2 S 24:24); וּמִשְׁקָל לְמִסְמְרוֹת לִשְׁקָלִים חֲמִשִּׁים ז׳ 2 Ch 3:9. b. שְׁלשֶׁת מָנִים ז׳ 1 K 10:17 three minas of gold (v. מָנֶה). c. כִּכַּר ז׳ talent of gold 2 S 12:30, 1 K 9:14 + (v. כִּכָּר). d. זָהָב דַּרְכְּמוֹנִים שֵׁשׁ־רִבּאֹוֹת וָאֶלֶף Ezr 2:69 cf. Ne 7:69, 7:70, 7:71; also עֶשְׂרִים לַאֲדַרְכֹּ נִים אָָלָף וּכְפֹרֵי ז׳ Ezr 8:27 (v. דַּרְכְּמוֹן);—with the above should perh. be compared מִכִּיס הַזָּלִים ז׳ Is 46:6 i.e. the gold used in making the god was the coin carried in the bag.

10. ז׳ = golden oil, from colour, Zc 4:12.

11. ז׳ often named with כֶּסֶף, and then, in earlier and sts. in later writings, follows it: בַּכֶּסֶף וּבַזָּהָב Gn 13:2 (J), cf. 24:35, 24:53, 44:8 (all J) Ex 3:22, 11:2, 12:35, Nu 22:18, 24:13 (all E), Jos 6:19, 6:24 (JE), Dt 7:25, 17:17, 29:16, 2 S 8:11, 21:4, 1 K 7:51, 15:15, 15:18, 15:19, 2 K 7:8, 16:8, 18:14, 20:13, 23:33, 23:35, 23:35, Ho 2:10, 8:4, Is 2:7, 60:9, Je 10:4, Zp 1:18; Ez 7:19, 38:13, Zc 6:11, Jo 4:5, Pr 22:1, Ps 105:37, 115:4, 135:15, 2 Ch 1:15, 5:1, Ezr 1:4, 8:25, Dn 11:8, Ec 2:8 +; in later writings ז׳ oft. precedes Ez 28:4, Zc 14:14, Mal 3:3, 1 Ch 18:10, 22:14, 22:16, 28:15, 28:16, 29:3, 29:4, 29:5, 29:7, 2 Ch 9:14, 9:21, 24:14, 25:24, Ezr 1:11, Ps 119:72, Ct 1:11, Dn 11:38 +, and so in P, Ex 25:3, 31:4, 35:5, 35:32, Nu 31:32; yet also as early as Hb 2:19, 1 K 10:22, 2 K 25:15.

12. the chief vbs. used with ז׳ are: a. עָשָׂה make of (c. 2 acc.) 1 K 7:48 (cf. v:49, v:49, v:50, v:50) 10:16, 12:28, 14:26, 2 Ch 4:7, 4:8, 4:19, 12:9, 13:8, and esp. in P (tabern.) Ex 25:11, 25:17, 25:18 + 35 t. Ex 25–39; also sq. בְּ work in gold, וּבַכֶּסֶף וּבַנְּחשֶׁת לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּזּ׳ Ex 31:4, 35:32, also (+ בַּבַּרְזֶל, etc.), 2 Ch 2:6, 2:13; b. יָחַק (obj. טַבְּעֹת ז׳) Ex 25:12, 37:3, 37:13 (all P); c. חִפָּה overlay with (c. 2 acc.) 1 K 6:20, 6:21, 6:21, 6:22, 6:28, 6:30, 6:32, 6:35 (v:32, v:35 one acc. om.), 10:18, 2 Ch 3:4, 3:10, 9:17, and esp. P (tabern.) Ex 25:11, 25:13, 25:24, 25:28 + 15 t. Ex 26–37; in same sense d. וַיְחַפֵּהוּ ז׳ 2 Ch 3:5 cf. v:7, v:8, v:9, and e. וָכֶסֶף תָּפוּשׂ ז׳ Hb 2:19 encased in gold and silver; also f. יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ בַּזּ׳ Is 40:19; g. רדד Hiph., וַיָּ֫רֶב עַל־הַכְּרוּבִים וְעַל־הַתִּמֹּרוֹת אֶת־הַזּ׳ 1 K 6:32 and he spread upon the cherubim and upon the palm-trees the gold; further h. בָּחַן try, Zc 13:9; cf. i. זִקַּק Mal 3:3.—On דִּי זָהָב, n.pr. v. p. 191; on מֵי זָהָב n.pr.v. sub מַיִם.

† [זָהַם] vb. be foul, loathsome, but only Pi. causat. (NH id., be foul, Pi. make foul; Aram. זְהִים foul, ܙܗܶܡ make foul, fetid; Ar. زَهِمَ stink, be greasy)—Pi. Pf. 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. וְזִהֲמַתּוּ חַיָּתוֹ לָָחֶם (consec.) Jb 33:20 his life maketh it, bread, loathsome to him (‖ונפשׁו מַאֲכַל תַּאֲוָה) (On sf. v. Ges:§ 131, 2, R. 4; Dr:1 S 21:14: acc. to Siegf the word is hopelessly corrupt.)

† זָ֑הַם n.pr.m. (fr. above √ ?) a son of Rehoboam, 2 Ch 11:19.

† I. [זָהַר] vb. be light, shining (Ar. زَهَرَ زَهُرَ shine, adj. أَزْهَرُ bright (cf. Lag:BN 120); Aram. זְהַר, ܙܗܰܪ; NH in deriv.; v. also sub II. זהר)—Hiph. intrans. (late) send out light, shine, fig. of everlasting glory of teachers of righteousness: וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִים יַוְהִרוּ כְּזֹהַר הָרָקִיעַ Dn 12:3 and they that make wise shall shine like the shining of the firmament (‖וּמַחְדִּיקֵי הָרַבִּים כַּכּוֹכָבִים לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד).

† ז֫הַֹר n.[m.] shining, brightness (Ar. زُهْرَةُ, NH זְהוֹר, cf. Aram. זִיהֲרָא);—abs. Ez 8:2 כְּמַרְאֵה ז׳ like an appearance of shining (explained, v:b, as resembling amber, חַשְׁמַל cf. 1:27); also cstr. Dn 12:3 v. foregoing.

† II. [זָהַר] vb. only Hiph., Niph. (NH Hiph., admonish, cf. Aram. זְהַר (Aph. Pa. etc.), ܙܗܰܪ (Ar. زَهَرَ VIII. take care of, be mindful of is perh. Aram. loan-word, so TA cf. Lane).—Most identify with I. זהר = give light, enlighten, instruct, admonish; this possible, but not certain, mng. shine is late in Heb.; usual sense as given below is not enlighten, illumine mentally, but warn; v. also construction with two accusatives Ex 18:20);—Hiph. Pf. וְהִזְהִיר consec. Ez 33:3; sf. וְהִזְהִירהֹ 2 K 6:10; 2 ms. הִזְהַרְתָּ Ez 3:19, 33:9, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֫ Ez 3:17, 33:7, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֫ה Ex 18:20, sf. הִזְהַרְתּוֹ Ez 3:18, 3:20, 3:21, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ consec. Ez 3:17, 33:7; וְהִזְהַרְתֶּם consec. 2 Ch 19:10; Inf. cstr. לְהַזְהִיר Ez 3:18, 33:8; —instruct, teach, warn: Ex 18:20 (E) teach them ordinances (2 acc.); 2 K 6:10 the place which (אֲשֶׁר) the man of God told him of (אָמַר־לוֹ) and warned him (sf.) of; elsewh. only Ez Ch; warn, give a warning to, alw. sq. acc. pers. only: Ez 3:18, 3:19, 3:20, 33:3; give them (acc.) a warning from me (מִפֶּנִּי, י׳ speaks) Ez 3:17, 33:7; warn the wicked (רָשָׁע) from (away from, מִן) his way Ez 3:18, 33:8, 33:9; warn the righteous (חַדִּיק) Ez 3:21 sq. Inf. in order that the righteous sin not, cf. 2 Ch 19:10 sq. acc. pers. + final cl. c. וְ. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִזְהָ֔ר Ez 3:21, 33:4, 33:5, 33:6; also נִזְהָ֖ר v:5 (rd. perh. הִזְהִיר, so We Sm Co); Imv. הִזָּהֵר Ec 12:12; Inf. cstr. לְהִזָּהֵר Ec 4:13; Pt. נִזְהָר Ps 19:12; —be instructed, admonished, warned (pass. of Hiph.):—גַּם־עַבְדְּךָ נִזְהָ֣ר בָּהֶם Ps 19:12 yea thy servant, he is instructed (or warned) by them (i.e. lets himself be instructed or warned by the מִשְׁפְּטֵי י׳ v:10); in Ez distinctly take warning, abs. Ez 3:21 (cf. Hiph.) 33:4, 33:5a; so Ec 12:2 and, more generally, אֲשֶׁר לאֹ יָדַע לְהִזָּהֵר Ec 4:13 who knoweth not how to take admonition; be warned, receive warning Ez 33:6 (of people, c. לאֹ, i.e. if no warning be given them), also MT v:5b, but rd. perh. Hiph. (v. supr.) but he (i.e. the watchman) gave warning, he hath delivered his (own) soul.

† זִר appar. n.pr. of 2nd month, = c. April-May, named as month of beginning the temple building; בְּחֹדֶשׁ זִו הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי 1 K 6:1 = בְּיֶרַח זִ֑ו v:37; LXX B v:1 has simply ἐν μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ, v:37 (in LXX v:4) ἐν μηνὶ Νεισῷ καὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ μηνί̀ LXX codd. ἐν μηνὶ Ζιου μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ; LXXL (only v:37) ἐν δευτέρῳ μηνί, ἐν μηνὶ Ζιου;—(si vera l. comp. perh. Aram. זִיו ܙܺܝܘܳܐ brightness, freshness, so BAram. Dn 2:31 +; cf. Targum יֶרַח זִיו נִיחָנַיָּא month of brightness of flowers; As. zîmu (zîvu), Dl:Pr 152 f. cf. Nö:ZMG 1886, 732; Thes al. der. זִו, זִיו ( = זְהִיו) fr. זהה in sense be bright, splendid, etc., cf. Ar. زَهَا increase, thrive (of seed-produce), زَهْوُ a beautiful and bright, or fresh, plant; Aram. זְהָא, adj. זָהוֹהָא haughty, proud; ܙܗܳܐ glory, boast, be magnificent; yet cf. Ol:§ 174 ad fin.)

זוֹ, זוּ, v. p. 262.

† [זוּב] vb. flow, gush (NH id., Aram. דּוּב, דִּיב, ܕܳܒ, all used oft. in sense 4 infr.; Ar. ذَابَ (med. و) melt, dissolve, flow)—only Qal Impf. יָזוּב Lv 15:25 etc.; Pt. זָב Je 49:9 f. זָבָ֫ה Lv 15:19 etc.;—

1. flow, gush (poet.), of water from the smitten rock Ps 78:20 (‖שָׁטַף), 105:41 (‖הָלַח), Is 48:21 (‖נָזַל).

2. Pt. freq. in זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבַשׁ (אֶרֶץ), always of promised land, Ex 3:8, 3:17, 13:5 (all J) 33:3, Nu 13:27, 14:8, 16:13, 16:14 (all JE) Dt 6:3, 11:9, 26:9, 26:15, 27:3, 31:20, Jos 5:6 (D) Lv 20:24 (H) Je 11:5, 32:22, Ez 20:6, 20:15 (in last two ins. ארץ LXX Co); זָב עִמְקֵח Je 49:4 (fertile valley of Ammon).

3. fig. flow away = pine away (from hunger) La 4:9.

4. flow, of issue from woman (all P), Lv 15:25 יָזוּב זוֹב דָּמָהּ (v. ווֹב); esp. have an issue (flux, gleet), of woman Lv 15:25 and 15:19 (תִּהְיֶה זָבָה); usu. of man, 2 S 3:29 (‖מְחֹרָע); elsewhere P, Lv 15:2 זָב מִבִּשָׂרוֹ; with cogn. acc. 15:33; ordinarily Pt. זָב one that has an issue Lv 15:4, 15:6, 15:7, 15:8, 15:9, 15:11, 15:12, 15:13, 15:32 (all P), 22:4 (H; ‖חָרוּעַ); also Nu 5:2 (P; ‖ id.)

† זוֹב n.m. issue (Ar. ذَوْبُ fluid, liquid; NH זוֹב, Aram. דּוֹבָא in specif. sense of Heb.);—issue, flux, alw. fr. genitals (cf. Di Lv 15:2); only P: of man or woman Lv 15:33; —of man Lv 15:2, 15:3, 15:3, 15:3, 15:13, 15:15; of woman Lv 15:19 (דָּם יִהְיֶה זֹבָהּ בִּבְשָׂרָהּ of monthly period); also v:25, v:25, v:26, v:28, v:30 (of morbid issue of blood, sts. connected with the other; cf. Mat 9:20 etc.)

זוּד v. זיד. p. 267

זוה (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. زَوَي put aside or away, draw together, contract).

† [זָוִית] n.f. corner (late (Aram. זָוִיתָא, ܙܳܘܺܝܬܳܐ (oft. for Heb. פִּנָּה, מִקְחוֹעַ), hence, as loan-word (Frä:Aram. Fremdw. 11, 168) Ar. زَاوِيَةُ);—Pl. abs. זָוִיּוֹת Ps 144:12; cstr. זָוִיֹּת Zc 9:15; —וּמָֽלְאוּ כַמִּזְרָק כְּזָוִיֹּת מִוְבֵּךְַ Zc 9:15 simil. of warriors streaming with blood, v. Lv 1:5, 1:11 etc.; בְּנוֹתֵינוּ כְּז׳ וגו׳ Ps 144:12 out daughters like corner (-pillar)s, carved (so Che al., but v. II. חטב) in palace-fashion.

†[מָ֫זוּ] n.m. garner (on format. cf. Ol:§ 144 b, 197 b)—only Pl. sf. מְזָוֵינוּ מְלֵאִים Ps 144:13 our garners are full (word inflected as if מְ were radical; cf. Ol:l. c.

I. זוז (NH זוז move, As. zâzu, move, rise come forth cf. COT gloss.; also be agitated, enraged, V R:64, i, l. 11).

† I. זִיז n.m.:Ps 80:14 coll. moving things (i.e. beasts) (etym. & exact meaning still rather dub., cf. Che:OP 472 and on Ps 50:11; Thes al. √ זוז; De Ps 50:11 comp. As. zizânu, coll. reptiles, Dl:S. 74 f. from a זִאזֵא cf. زَعْزَعَ move to and fro, agitate (cf. זוע); others comp. As. zâzu, abundance v. II. זוז, so even Di Is 66:11; this hardly suits Ps 80:14; Targum זִיזָא worm);—only cstr. זִיז שָׂדַי Ps 50:11 the moving things of the field, as all known to י׳ (‖עוֹף הָרִים; also in v:10 חַיְתוֹ־יָ֑עַר, etc.); fig. of enemies of Isr. Ps 80:14 (‖חֲזִיר מִיָּ֑עַר).

† זִיזָא n.pr.m.—

1. a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:37.

2. a son of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:20.

† זִיזָה n.pr.m a Levite 1 Ch 23:11, = זִינָא v:10 (rd. prob. זִיזָא, LXX Ζιζα in both).

† זָזָא n.pr.m. (perh. belongs under this √; comp. As. n.pr. Zazâ Zim:BP 97 cf. Strm:AV No. 2816)—a descendant of יְרַחְמְאֵל of Judah 1 Ch 2:33.

† מְזוּזָה n.f. door-post, gate-post, abs. מ׳ Ex 21:6, Is 57:8; cstr. מְזוּזַת 1 S 1:9, Ez 46:2 + Ez 41:21 (del. SyrVer Co cf. LXX Hi), 45:19, 45:19 (in both מְזוּזוֹת LXX SyrVer Vulgate Co); sf. מְזוּזָתִי Ez 43:8, מְזוּזָתָם v:8; pl. מְזוּזוֹת 1 K 6:31 + 2 t. (+ Ez 45:19, 45:19 Co v. supr.), מְזוּזֹת Ex 12:7 + 4 t., מְזֻזוֹת Dt 6:9, Ju 16:3; —door-post, gate-post,

1. of dwelling-house Ex 12:7 (P), v:22, v:23, 21:6 (all JE), Dt 6:9, 11:20 cf. Is 57:8; also פְּתָחָָי מ׳ Pr 8:34, מְזוּזָתָם Ez 43:8; of Sol.'s house 1 K 7:5.

2. of house of י׳: a. of the pre-Solomonic sanctuary of י׳ 1 S 1:9. b. of Sol.'s temple 1 K 6:33; of the דְּבִיר v:31. c. of Ezek.'s temple Ez 41:21 (del. Co v. supr.), 43:8 (מְזוּזָתִי), הַבַּיִת מ׳ Ez 45:19, שַׁעַר מ׳ v:9, cf. 46:2.

3. of city-gates Ju 16:3.

† יָזִיז n.pr.m. an officer of David יָזִיז הַהַגְרִי 1 Ch 27:31.

II. זוז (be abundant, cf. esp. As. zâzu, abundance, Dl:Pr. 67 f. Zim:BP 94, 97; only as √ of foll.; perh. related to I. זוז (cf. Thes), but this very dubious).

II. זִיז n.[m.] abundance, fulness: only מִזִּיז כְּבוֹדָהּ Is 66:11 that ye may suck out and be delighted, from the abundance of her glory (i.e. of Jerusalem) (so Di al.; > Che:crit. n., and OP 472 f. Brd (cf. Ew ‘Euter’), who comp. vulg. Ar. zîza, udder (breast, teat); this suits vb. תָּמֹצּוּ and ‖תִּינְקוּ וּשְׂבַעְתֶּם מִשֹּׁד, but is dub. in Heb., perh. not Shemit., v. Dozy:i. 619 a and reff.; also Lag:Proph. Chald. who proposes, plausibly, מִבִּיזִ, cf. Aram. ܒܶܙܳܐ Ps:502, ביזא; Ar. بزّ pap).

† זוּזִים n.pr.gent. an ancient trans-Jordanic people, dwelling in הָם Gn 14:5; otherwise unknown; abode appar. in (later) land of Ammon, between Bashan and Moab; commonly supposed = זַמְזֻמִּים q.v., in that case perh. txt. error in one case or the other, cf. Nö:Untersuchungen z. Kritik d. A. T. 162.—(LXX ἔθνη ἰσχυρά).—On n.pr.loc. Ζιζα, زيزا, between Boṣra and Lejûn, cf. Kn Di ad loc., Tristr:Moab 182 ff.

† זוֹחֵת n.pr.m. a descendant of Judah (etym. and mng. unknown) 1 Ch 4:29 (v. also בֶּן־זוֹחֵת), LXX Ζωαν, Ζωαβ, A Ζωχαθ, LXXL Ζαωθ.

זָוִית v. sub זוה. above

I. זול (prob. √ of foll., Ar. زَالَ remove, depart).

† [זוּלָה] n.[f.] prop removal, only found in the st. c. as prep. and conj. except, only, save that—cstr. זוּלַת 2 K 24:14 and (with the obsolete case-ending י—ִ) זוּלָתִי Dt 1:36, 4:12, Jos 11:13, 1 K 3:18, 12:20, Ps 18:32; with sf. זוּלָתִי Ho 13:4, Is 45:5, 45:21, זוּלָֽתְךָ, זוּלָתֶָךְ 2 S 7:22 = 1 Ch 17:20, Is 26:13, 64:3, Ru 4:4, זוּלָתָהּ 1 S 21:10; —

1. prep. except, besides, lit. with removal of… (syn. מִבַּלְעֲדֵי Ps 18:32, Is 45:21; בִּלְתִּי Ho 13:4; and cf. Dt 1:36 with Nu 32:12), Dt 1:36 זולתי כלב with the exception of Caleb, 1 S 21:10 אֵין אַחֶרֶת זוּלָתָהּ there is none other except it, 1 K 12:20, 2 K 24:14, Ru 4:4: oft. in such phrases as, There is no God (or, Who is God?) except me (or thee), 2 S 7:22, Ps 18:32, Ho 13:4, Is 45:5, 45:21, 64:3. Always after a neg. or qu., exc. Is 26:13 אדנים זולתך lords other than thou. Connected inexactly with what precedes, ז׳ acquires the force of only, Dt 4:12 ye saw no form זוּלָתִי קוֹל save a voice = (there was) only a voice, 1 K 3:18.

2. conj. Jos 11:13 except that he burnt Hazor alone.

†II. זוּל vb. lavish (cf. Aram. זוּל, be cheap, of little value, lightly esteem; similarly זלל q.v.)—Qal Pt. הַזָּלִים זָהָב מִכִּיס Is 46:6 (‖כֶּסֶף בַּקָּנֶה יִשְׁקָֹלוּ).

† זוּן vb. feed (NH. BAram. id.; Syr. ܙܳܢ; Sam. zwn, zhn);—Hoph. Pt. סוּסִים מוזנים Je 5:8 (Kt; i.e. מוּזָנִים; Qr מְיֻזָּנִים from יזן q.v.) well-fed horses, fig. of adulterers; Dl:Pr 73 f. comp. As. zanânu, be full (i.e. of sexual desire).

† מָזוֹן n.m. food, sustenance (so Talm. BAram. Syr.)—בָּר זָלָחֶם וּמָזוֹן Gn 45:23 (Di ‘מ׳ rather an Aram. word; perh. later gloss for orig. חֵדָה v:21, 42:25’); הַמָּזוֹן לָרֹב 2 Ch 11:23.

† זוֹנָה v. זנה. p. 275

† זוּעַ vb. tremble, quake (Aram. (incl. BAram.) id., ܙܳܥ; cf. also Ar. جَاع impel, زَعْزَعَ move, agitate, shake (on these v. Nö:ZMG 1886, 725), As. zû, storm-wind (= Aram. זוֹעָא) Zim BP 94—Qal (late) Pf. 3 ms. זָע Est 5:9; Impf. 3 mpl. c. rel. שֶׁיָּזֻעזּ Ec 12:3; —tremble, quake, in presence of powerful superior Est 5:9 (sq. מִמֶּנּוּ); said of שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת in descr. of infirm old man Ec 12:3 Pilp. Pt. sf. מְזַזְעֶיךָ Hb 2:7; causat. and intens. they that shall violently shake thee, fig. of foes of Babylon, instruments of Yahweh's judgment.

† זְוָעָה and, by transpos., זַעֲוָה (Di Dt 28:25 cf. Sta:§ 192 a) n.f. a trembling, i.e. object of trembling, terror: זְוָעָה Is 28:19, also Kt Je 15:4 + 4 t.; זַעֲוָה Dt 28:25, Ez 23:46 (also Qr Je 15:4 + 4 t.);—object of trembling, terror, fright; זְהָיִיתָ לְזַעֲוָה Dt 28:25 and thou shalt become a terror to al1 (לְכֹל) the kingdoms of the earth; וגו׳ וּנְתַתִּים לְז׳) Je 15:4, 29:18, 34:17 (‖וְלִשְׁרֵקָה וּלְחֶרְפָּה לְאָלָה וּלְשַׁמָּה) also וגו׳ וּנְתַתִּים לְז׳ 24:9 (‖וּלְמָשָׁל לִשְׁנִינָה וְלִקְלָלָה לְחֶרְפָּה), Ez 23:46, 2 Ch 29:8 .

† זִיעַ n.pr.m. a Gadite, 1 Ch 5:13, LXX Ζουε, Ζεα.

† זַעֲוָן n.pr.m. a Horite Gn 36:27 = 1 Ch 1:42.

†I. [זוּר] vb. be a stranger (Ar. زَارَ (med. و) incline toward, repair to, visit; II. honour as visitor or guest; IX. decline, turn aside; زَائِرُ visitor; Aram. זוּר, oft. = Heb. סוּר turn aside, turn aside to visit)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. זֹר֫וּ Ps 58:4 (Kö:i. 445), זָ֫רוּ Ps 78:30, Jb 19:13; Pt. זָר Ex 30:33 + 27 t.; f. זָרָה Ex 30:9 + 7 t.; mpl. זָרִים Ho 5:7 + 30 t.; fpl. זָרוֹת Pr 22:14, 23:33; = sf. זָרָָיִח Is 29:5;

1. Pf. become estranged Ps 58:4, c. מן from Jb 19:13, Ps 78:30.

2. Pt. as adj. strange, or as noun stranger: a. to the family, of another household, אִישׁ זָר Dt 25:5, elsewhere זָר 1 K 3:18, Jb 19:15, Pr 6:1, 11:15, 20:16, 27:13; זָרִים Ps 109:11, Pr 5:10, 5:17; בנים זרים, children of another household than God's Ho 5:7; especially of another family than priests' אִישׁ זָר Lv 22:12 (H) Nu 17:5 (P); זָר Lv 22:10, 22:13 (H) Ex 29:33, 30:33, Nu 3:10, 3:38, 18:7 (P); not belonging to the tribe of Levi, Nu 1:51, 18:4 (P). b. to the person, another Jb 19:27, Pr 14:10, 27:2; זָרָה (אִשָּׁה) strange woman, harlot Pr 2:16, 5:3, 5:20, 7:5, 22:14, 23:33. c. to the land, foreign, זָרִים foreigners (as such usu. enemies) Ho 7:9, 8:7, Is 1:7, 1:7, 25:2, 25:5, 29:5, 61:5, Je 5:19, 30:8, 51:2, 51:51, La 5:2, Ez 7:2, 11:9, 16:32, 28:7, 28:10, 30:12, 31:12, Jo 4:17, Ob:11, Jb 15:19, Ps 54:5; אֵל זָר foreign god Ps 44:21, 81:10 = זָר Is 43:12; so זָרִים Dt 32:16 and (in fig.) Je 2:25, 3:13; מַיִם זָרִים foreign waters 2 K 19:24, Je 18:14; זְמֹרַת זָר Is 17:10 vine-slip of a stranger; כְּמוֹ־זָר נֶחְשָָׁבוּ Ho 8:12 they are regarded as foreign; מַעֲשֵׂהוּ זָר Is 28:21 his work is foreign (as if dealing with enemies). d. strange to the law; קְטֹרֶת זָרָה strange incense Ex 30:9 (P); אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire Lv 10:1, Nu 3:4, 26:61(P). Niph. Pf. נָז֫רֹוּ Is 1:4, Ez 14:5; be estranged Is 1:4, pregn., sq. אָחוֹר (cf. RV); מֵעַל Ez 14:5. Hoph. Pt. מוּזָר estranged Ps 69:9.

†II. [זוּר, זִיר] vb. be loathsome, Bö:§ 1142 (Ar. ذَارَ fastidivit, abhorruit; As. zâru, resist, Impf. izîru, Dl:Pr 65 Schr:COT Gloss);—only 3 fs. זָ֫רָה Jb 19:17 רוּחִי זָ֫רָה לְאִשְׁתִּי my breath is loathsome to my wife (וְחַנֹּתִי לְ in ‖ cl.); > most, who derive fr. I. זוּר, become strange and so repugnant.

† זָרָא n.[f.] loathsome thing, עַד אֲשֶׁר יֵחֵא מֵאַפְּכֶם וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְזָרָא Nu 11:20 (JE) and it (the flesh) become to you a loathsome thing (LXX εἰς χολέραν, Vulgate in nauseam), prob. err. for זָרָה (Sam.)

†III. [זוּר] vb. press down and out (Aram. זִיר press together, Syr. ܙܘܰܪ, ܙܳܪ compress; cf. Ar. زَيَّرَ twist the lip of a beast)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. זֹ֫רוּ Is 1:6 (pass.; > √זרר, Ar. زَرَّ draw forcibly together Ol:§ 233 c, 245 l Kö:i. 333); Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫זַר Ju 6:38, 3 fs. sf. תְּזוּרֶהָ Jb 39:15; Pt. pass f. זוּרֶה ( = זוּרָה Ges:§ 80, 2, d) Is 59:5; —press (twist or wring) out a fleece Ju 6:38; not pressed out, of sore (fig. of continued disaster) Is 1:6; press under foot an egg, Jb 39:15 (‖דּוּשׁ), Is 59:5 (pass.)

† זֵר n.m. circlet, border (orig. that which presses, binds, cf. also Aram. ܙܺܝܪܳܐ bracelet, זִירָא wreath, crown, NH זִיר id., זִירָה ring, wrestler's ring; others fr. a √ זרר)—זֵר זֵהָב Ex 25:11, 25:24, 25:25, 30:3, 37:2, 37:11, 37:12, 37:26; זֵרוֹ Ex 30:4, 37:27 (all P).

† זַרְזִיר adj. girded, girt (cf. Ba:NB 206)—only cstr. Pr 30:31 זַרְזִיר מָתְנַיִם אוֹ־תָָיִו that which is girt in the loins, etc., named with lion, he-goat, and king, as stately in motion. Perh.= grey-hound Ew Bö De al., or war-horse Bo Ges Hi al.; Vrss. cock, Talm. raven, v. De Now (NH זַרְזִיר starling (war-horse only in interpr. of Pr 30:31), Aram. ܙܰܪܙܺܝܪܳܐ; Lexx. also ܙܰܪܙܽܘܪܳܐ starling, in Ar. زُرْزُورُ, perh. loan-wd. Others der. fr. a √זרר, v. supr.)

† מָזוֹר n.[m.] wound (as needing to have its matter pressed out)—fig. of injury to, or sufferings of, Isr. and Judah: מָזוֹר Ho 5:13 also Je 30:13 (Gf Che RVm; but accents Ew Ges Gie AV RV for pressing, i.e. binding up); מְזֹרוֹ Ho 5:13 (cf. III. זור Is 1:6).—מָזוֹר Ob:7 v. sub מזר.

† זָזָא v. sub זוז. p. 265

† [זָחַח] vb. remove, displace (Ar. زَجَّ push, thrust away; comp. also Aram. זוּחַ, ܙܐܚ, move, move away (intrans.))—Niph. Impf. וְלאֹ יִזַּח הַחשֶׁן מֵעַל הָאֵפוֹד Ex 28:28 and that the breast-piece be not displaced etc., 39:21 (both P).

†I. [זָחַל] vb. shrink back, crawl away (Aram. זְחַל crawl (also drop, drip, of water: so NH זָחַל), זָחֵיל worm; Syr. ܙܳܚܠܳܐ locust (as crawling); Ar. زَحَلَ withdraw, retire to a distance (v. Lane, Wetzst in De:Hiob 2, 428), and Sab. זחַל withdraw, humble oneself DHM:ZMG 1875, 610)—Qal only Pt. pl. cstr. זֹחֲלֵי Dt 32:24, Mi 7:17; —crawl, of reptiles (pt.) זֹחֲלֵי עָפָר Dt 32:24 i.e. serpents (as poisonous), instruments of Yahweh's judgment on Isr.; ארץ ז׳ Mi 7:17 id. (as crawling into the earth to hide), sim. of nations in fear of י׳.

† זֹחֶ֫לֶת n.f. mng. dub.; perh. crawling thing, serpent (We:Skizzen iii. 171 cites Ar. Zuḫal = Saturn, in connex. with 1 K 1:9; cf. Lane & Wetzst in De:Hiob 2, 428 on view that Zuḫal = he who withdraws, because of planet Saturn's remoteness)—only c. art., in design. loc. עִם אֶבֶן הַזֹּחֶלָת 1 K 1:9 (cf. אֶבֶן ad fin.)

† II. [זָחַל] vb. fear, be afraid (Aram. דְּחַל, ܕܚܶܠ; cf. Ar. ذَحْلُ rancour, malevolence; Nö:ZMG. 1886, 741)—only Qal Pf. 1 S. זָחַלְתִּי Jb 32:6 therefore I feared (‖וָאִירָא); > most, who derive fr. I. זָחַל = shrink away in fear, hold back (RV), cf. Targum אִסְתְּפִּיתִי Fl Ch WB:ii. 571.

† [זִיד, זוּד] vb. boil up, seethe, act proudly, presumptuously, rebelliously (NH Hiph. הזיד) as Heb.; Aram. of Zinjirli זד presumptuous, DHM:Sendsch. 56; Ar. زَادَ (med. ي) increase, exceed, exaggerate, e.g. in talk; also Sab. n.pr, זיד (زَيْدُ) DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 44 זידאל Id:ib. 52 (on distinct. betw. זוד and זיד in Sab. v. Sab. Denkm.:64); perh. also Sab. מזדודן great one, prince, e.g. Sat. Denkm.:89)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. זָ֫דָה Je 50:29; 3 pl. זָ֫דוּ Ex 18:11; —of Egyptians, בַּדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר זָדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם Ex 18:11(E) in the matter as to which they acted presumptuously against them; of Babylon, זָדָה אֶל־י׳ Je 50:29 against י׳ hath she acted presumptuously. Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הֵזִידוּ Ne 9:10 + 2 t.; Impf. 3 ms. יָזִיד Dt 18:20, יָזִד Ex 21:14; וַיָּ֫זֶד Gn 25:29; 3 mpl. יְזִידוּן Dt 17:13; 2 mpl. וַתָּזִדוּ Dt 1:43;

1. boil, seethe, trans., וַיָּ֫זֶד יַעֲקֹב נָזִיד Gn 25:29 and Jacob boiled pottage.

2. act presumptuously, insolently, Ex 21:14 (JE) כִּי יָזִד אִישׁ עַל־רֵועהוּ לְגָרְגוֹ בְעָרְמָה when a man acteth presumptuously against his neighbour to slay him; usually against י׳; sq. vb. fin. Dt 1:43) and ye acted presumptuously and went up; sq. inf. 18:20 the prophet Who shall presume to speak a word in my name; also abs. 17:13 elsewh. only Ne; of Egyptians 9:10 sq. עַל (= Qal Ex 18:11); abs. v:16 (‖וַיַּקְשׁוּ אֶת־רְפָּם וְלאֹ שָֽׁמְעוּ וגו׳); v:29 (‖וְלאֹ שָֽׁמְעוּ וגו׳).

† זֵד adj. insolent, presumptuous:—ז׳ Pr 21:24; pl. זֵדִים Je 43:2 + 11 t.;—alw. masc., and alw. of opposition to י׳, wickedness; with qualified noun expressed, only הָאֲנָשִׁים הַזֵּדִים Je 43:2, of opponents of Jerem.; elsewh. used substantively, as. term. techn. for godless, rebellious men; once sg. זֵד יָהִיר לֵץ שְׁמוֹ Pr 21:24 a haughty insolent one, scorner is his name (‖עוֹשֶׂה בְּעֶבְרַת זָדוֹן); usu. pl. Is 13:11(גְּאוֹן ז׳; ‖גַּאֲוַת עָרִיחִים); Mal 3:13 (‖עשֵֹׁי רִשְׁעָה), v:19 (‖רִשְׁעָה עשֵֹׁה); and in Ps 86:14 (‖עָרִיחִים), 119:21(‖מִמִּחְוֹתֶיךָ הַשֹּׁגִים), v:51, v:69, v:78, v:85, v:122; so prob. also Ps 19:14 גַּם מִזֵּדִים חֲשׂךְ עַבְדֶָּךָ also from presumptuous men hold back thy servant (Ew Ol Hup Che RV:m); > presumptuous sins Deal. (AVRV).

† זָדוֹן n.m.: Pr 11:2 insolence, presumptuousness (on format. cf. Lag:BN 204, Anm.), abs. ז׳ Dt 17:12 + 7 t.; cstr. זְדוֹן Je 49:16, Ob:3; sf. זְדֹנְךָ 1 S 17:28; —

1. insolence, presumption toward men; affirmed of David by Eliab 1 S 17:28 (‖רֹעַ לְבָבֶָךָ); usu.

2. of presumptuous godlessness (cf. זוּד, זֵד), exhibited in disobedience to priest or judge Dt 17:12; in false prediction 18:22; in gen. Pr 11:2 (opp. חְנוּעִים), 13:10; עֶבְרַת ז׳ Pr 21:24 (cf. זֵד); לִבֶָּךָ ז׳) Je 49:16 ( = Ob:3) presumption of thine heart; of Babylon personif. under fig. of ז׳ Je 50:31, 50:32; dub. is פָּרַח הַזּ׳ Ez 7:10 insolence hath blossomed (preceded by חָץ הַמַּטֶּה) i.e. either of Isr. as demanding punishment, or of Babylon as instr. of punishment.

† [זֵידוֹן] adj. insolent, raging, only pl. and fig. הַמַּיִם הַזֵּידוֹנִים Ps 124:5.

† נָזִיד n.[m.] thing sodden or boiled, pottage; abs. נ׳ Gn 25:29 + 4 t.; cstr. נְזִיד Gn 25:34; —a kind of boiled leguminous food, obj. of וַיָּ֫זֶד Gn 25:29 (v. זוּד Hiph.); defined v:34 as נְזִיד עֲדָשִׁים (v. עדשׁ); obj. of בַּשֵּׁל 2 K 4:38; boiled in a סִיר v:39 cf. v:40; mentioned, appar. as a common food, Hg 2:12.

זִיז, זִיזָא זִיזָה v. sub I. זוז. p. 265

זִיזָא v. זִיזָה sub I. זוז. p. 265

† זִינָא n.pr.m. 1 Ch 23:10 = זִיזָה v:11 q.v. p. 265

זִיעַ v. sub זוע. p. 266

† זִיף n.pr.

1. n.pr.loc. a. city S. E. from Hebron, Jos 15:55, 1 Ch 2:42, 2 Ch 11:8, mod. Tell Zîf; Rob:BR i. 492, 498 Guêrin:Judêe iii. 159 ff.: מִדְבַּר־ז׳ 1 S 23:14, 23:15, 26:2, 26:2; c. ה loc., זִ֫יפָה 1 S 23:24. b. city of southern Judah Jos 15:24, site unknown.

2. n.pr.m. a son of יְהַלָּלְאֵל of Judah 1 Ch 4:16, whether related to n.pr.loc. supr. does not appear. LXX Ζαφα, Ζιφ(αι). (1 Ch 2:42 v. supr.)

† [זִיפִי] adj.gent. of זִיף

1. a; only mpl. as n.pr.gent. זִפִים 1 S 23:19, 26:1; זִיפִים Ps 54:2 (title).

†זִיפָה n.pr.m. a son of יְהַלֶּלְאֵל 1 Ch 4:16 (זִיף וְזִיפָה) (LXX Ζαιρα, Ζ(α)φαι), cf. זִיף supr.)

זִיקוֹת v. I. [זֵק]. p. 278

זִיר v. זור. p. 266

† זַ֫יִת n.m.:Ps 52:10 olive-tree, olive (NH id.; Aram. ܙܰܝܬܳܐ, זֵיתָא; Eth. zayt: Ar. زَيْتُونُ olive-tree, olive, زَيْتُ olive-oil; v. Lag:M iii. 215 ff Hom:Aufsätze u. Abh., 1892, 94, 99 ff.; √dub.; Thes and most der. fr. assumed זהה be bright, fresh, luxuriant (v. sub זִוּ) + ת afformat. which is. then treated as radical, cf. Sta:§ 187 a; but this not certain, cf. Ol:§ 119 b, 142 a; acc. to Lag:Armen. Stud. § 1347 ז׳ is Armen. loan-word, v. also Lag:M l. c.; BN 219, Anm.);—abs. ז׳ Gn 8:11, cstr. זֵית Dt 8:8; 2 K 18:32; sf. זֵיתְךָ Dt 24:20, זֵיתֶָךָ Ex 23:11, Dt 28:40; pl. זֵיתִים Dt 6:11, etc.;—

1. olive-tree Ju 9:8, 9:9 (personif., in Jotham's fable), Ho 14:7 (sim. of beauty), Jb 15:33 = (as casting off its flowers, sim. of wicked man); in 2 S 15:23 ins. אֲשֶׁר הַזּ׳ (before הַמִּדְבָּר, read בַּמּ׳) LXXL Dr; also pl. of two olive-trees Zc 4:3, 4:11; רַעֲנָן ז׳ Ps 52:10 fresh, (thriving) olive-tree (sim. of prosperity), so Je 11:16; עֲלֶה־ז׳ Gn 8:11(J) olive-branch, sprig, cf. Ne 8:15 (here + עֲלֵי עֵץ־שֶׁמֶן, etc.); also pl. שְׁתִלֵי זֵיתִים Ps 128:3 olive-shoots (sim. of children); שִׁבֲּלֵי זֵיתִים Zc 4:12 olive-branches (in Zech.'s vision); זַיִת in representative or coll. sense, = olive-trees, groups of growing olive-trees, as property, source of wealth, olive-yards Ex 23:11 (JE; + כֶּרֶם), Ju 15:5 (+ id.); עֵץ־הַזַּיִת Hg 2:19 (+ הַגֶּפֶן וְהַתְּאֵנָה וְהָרִפּוֹן); also in phr. כִּחֵשׁ מַעֲשֵׂה־זַיִת Hb 3:17 the bearing, yield, of olive-trees (‖וּשְׁדֵמוֹר לאֹ־עָשָׂה אֹכֶל, cf. also תְּאֵנָה and יְבוּל גֶּפֶן v:a); specif. זֵית שֶׁמֶן, oil-yielding olive-trees Dt 8:8 cf. 2 K 18:32; נֹקֶף ז׳ striking or beating of olive-trees Is 17:6, 24:13 (sim. of desolation at judgment of י׳), cf. תַחְבֹּט כִּ׳ זֵיתְךָ Dt 24:20; rather more often pl.; Am 4:9 (‖גַּנּוֹת, כְּרָמִים, תְּאֵנִים), 1 S 8:14 (‖שָׂדוֹת, כְּרָמִים), cf. also Dt 6:11, 28:40a, Jos 24:13, 2 K 5:26, 1 Ch 27:28, Ne 5:11, 9:25.

2. of fruit of olive-tree, olives: Dt 28:40b (c. שֶׁמֶן); תִּדְרֹךְ זַיִת Mi 6:15 (‖שֶׁמֶן); also שֶׁמֶן זַיִת olive-oil Ex 27:20, 30:24 (P) Lv 24:2 (H).

3. in designations of place: מַעֲלֵה הַזֵּיתִים 2 S 15:30 the ascent of the olive-trees (LXX ἐν τῇ ἀναβάσει τῶν ἐλαιῶν = Mount of Olives); הַר־הַזֵּיתִים Zc 14:4, 14:4 (LXX τὸ ὄρος τὠν ἐλαιῶν); the well-known hill E. of Jerus. (NT usu. as Zc 14:4 LXX, e.g. Mk 13:3; cf. also הָהָר 1 K 11:7, Ez not found11:33, Ne 8:15; Targum טזּר זֵיתַיָּא 2 K 23:13 cf. 2 S 15:30, Zc 14:4 etc.; Targum Ct 8:5 טוּר מִשְׁחָא, and so Talm. etc.)

† זֵיתָן n.pr.m. (? olive-tree)—a Benjamite 1 Ch 7:10; LXX Ζαιθαν, LXXL Ζηθα.

† זֵתָם n.pr.m. (sub זית in Thes, = foregoing)—a Levite (Gershonite) 1 Ch 23:8, appar. son of לַעְדָּן and brother of יְחִיאֵל and יוֹאֵל; 26:22 appar. grandson of לַעְדָּן, and son of יְחִיאֵלִי (expressly called brother of יוֹאֵל); LXX Ζεθομ, Ζοθομ, LXXL Ζηθαν.

זָךְ , זַךְ, v. sub זכך. below

† [זָכָה] vb. be clear, clean, pure, alw. in moral sense (As. zakû Zim:BP; Aram. דְּכָא, ܕܟܳܐ, ܕܟܺܝ; cf. Ar. ذَكَا be bright (of a fire), pungent (of an odour); be acute, quick of mind)—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִזְכֶּה Jb 15:14, 25:4; 2 ms. תִּזְכֶּה Ps 51:6; 1 s. interrog. הַאֶזְכֶּה Mi 6:11; —

1. be clean, pure, of man, in the sight of God, Jb 15:14, 25:4 (in both ‖יחדק; cf. also זַכּוּ 15:15, 25:5).

2. be clear, be justified = be regarded as just, righteous, of God, Ps 51:6 (‖תחדק), Mi 6:11. Pi. Pf. 1 s. זִכִּיתִי Ps 73:13, Pr 20:9; Impf. יְזַכֶּה־ Ps 119:9:—make or keep clean, pure, obj. לְבָבִי Ps 73:13 (‖אֶרְחַץ כַּפָָּי), obj. לִבִּי Pr 20:9 (‖טָהַרְתִּי); obj. אֶת־אָרְחוֹ Ps 119:9. Hithp. Imv. m.pl. הִזַּכּוּ Is 1:16 make yourselves clean (‖רַחֲחוּ);—on form cf. Ges:§ 54, 2, b, Rem. Kö:Lgb. i, 345, 534 Sta:§ 129 d.

זְכוֹכִית v. sub זכך. below

† [זָכַךְ] vb. be bright, clean, pure (kindred with foregoing. Only La Jb)—Qal Pf. only 3 mpl. זַכּ֫וּ;—

1. be right, shining, fig. of splendour of nobles נְזִירִים מִשֶּׁלֶג ז׳ La 4:7 (‖מֵחָלָב חַחוּ).

2. be clean, pure in God's sight, of heavens Jb 15:15, of stars 25:5 (‖יַאֲהִיל of moon; cf. also יִזְכֶּה 15:14 25:4). Hiph. cleanse, only Pf. 1 s. :וַהֲזִכּוֹתִי בְּבֹר כַּפָּֽי Jb 9:30, fig. of making morally spotless (‖הִתְרָחַחְתִּי).

† זַךְ adj. pure, clean; abs. זַךְ Jb 8:6 + 5 t.; זָךְֶ Ex 27:20, Lv 24:2; f. זַכָּה Ex 30:34 + 2 t.;—

1. lit., pure, i.e. unmixed, free from foreign substances, of olive oil Ex 27:20, Lv 24:2, of frankincense Ex 30:34, Lv 24:7 (all P and H).

2. fig., pure, clean, righteous (only Jb Pr):—of man Jb 8:6 (‖יָשָׁר), 33:9 (+ בְּלִי פָָשַׁע; ‖חַף); as subst. = the pure, righteous וְזַךְ יָשָׁר פָּעֳלוֹ Pr 21:8 (opp. וָזָרָ q.v.); of mode of life כָּל־דַּרְכֵי־אִישׁ זַךְ בְּעֵינָיו Pr 16:2; of mode of action (פָּעֳלוֹ) 20:11 (‖יָשָׁר); of doctrine (לִקְחִי) Jb 11:4 (‖בַּר הייתי); of prayer 16:17 (‖לאֹ חָמָס בְּכַפָָּי).

† זְכוֹכִית n.[f.] glass (Targum זכוכיתא; but v. Frä:64); as precious (‖זָהָב), yet of less value than wisdom Jb 28:17. (Baer as above; זְכוּכִית van d. H, al.)

† זַכַּי n.pr.m. head of family of returned exiles, זַכָּ֔י Ezr 2:9 (LXX Ζακχου, LXXL Ζακχαιου) = Ne 7:14 (LXX Ζαθου, A Ζακχουρ, LXXL Ζακχαιου); perh. = זַכַּי Ne 3:20 Qr (Kt זַבַּי q.v.; LXX Ζαβ(ρ)ου, LXXL Ραββαι).

† זָכַר vb. remember (As zikâru, name, mention, cf. n. zikru, Hpt in KAT:2 Gloss. i Lyon:Sarg.; Zinj. זכר, Ar. ذَكَرَ, Aram דְּכַר, ܕܟܰܪ, Palm. דרכנא monument, Vog:No. 36 b, דכיר memorial, Vog:No. 62, Sab. in n.pr. ידַכראל DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 43, but Eth. zakara:)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ז׳ Gn 40:23 +; 3 fs. זָֽכְרָה La 1:7, 1:9; 2 ms. וְזָכַרְתָּ֫ Dt 5:15 +; sf. זְכַרְתַּנִי Gn 40:14 cf. 1 S 1:11, זְכַרְתָּם Ps 88:6; 2 fs. זָכַרְתְּ Is 47:7, 57:11 cf. 17:10 + Ez 16:22; 16:43 Qr (both Kt זכרתי), וְזָכַרְתְּ consec. Ez 16:61; 3 pl. זָֽכְרוּ Ju 8:34 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִזְכֹּר Ho 8:13 +; יִזְכָּר־ 2 S 14:11, Pr 31:7; וַיִּזְכֹּר Gn 8:1 +; sf. וַיִּוְכְּרֶהָ 1 S 1:19; 2 fs. תִּזְכְּרִי Is 54:4 + 2 t.; 1 s. אֶזְכֹּר Lv 26:42, 26:42, Is 43:25 (Ps 77:12 Qr v. infra), אֶזְכָּר־ Je 31:34, וָאֶזְכֹּר Ex 6:5; sf. 2 ms. אֶזְכָּרְךָ Ps 42:7, sf. 2 fs. אֶזְכְּרֵכִי Ps 137:6 (v. Ges:§ 58, 3, R, 1 Sta:§§ 356, a, 2, 634 a, 2), etc.; Imv. ms. זְכֹר Ex 32:13 +; זְכָר־ Ps 25:7 +; זָכְרָה Ne 6:14 +; sf. זָכְרֵנִי Ju 16:28 + 2 t.; mpl. זִכְרוּ Is 46:9 +, זְכָֹרוּ Ne 4:8; Inf. abs. זָכוֹר Ex 13:3 +; זָבֹר Je 31:30 +; cstr. לִזְכֹּר Gn 9:16, Ez 23:19, etc.; sf. בְּזָכְרֵנִי Ps 137:1; Pt. act. pl. cstr. וּלְזֹכְרֵי Ps 103:18; זָכוּר Ps 103:14 v. infr.—I. human subj.

1. remember, recall, call to mind, usu. as affecting present feeling, thought, or action: a. remember past experiences (acc.) Gn 42:9 (E), 2 K 9:25 (acc. pers. agent); sq. cl. with מִי Jb 4:7; things formerly known (acc.) Je 17:2; sq. cl. with כִּי Ju 9:2; with implied regret, longing Nu 11:5 (JE), Ps 42:5, 137:1, La 1:7 cf. Ps 77:7, neg. 137:6 (‖שׁכח v:5); so (sq. בְּ) Je 3:16 (‖עלה על לב and פקד). b. recall past distress, etc.; obj. not expressed, La 3:20 (זכור זכר), Jb 11:16 (שׁכח in ‖ cl.); neg., sq. acc. Is 54:4 (‖שׁכח), Pr 31:7 (‖ id.). c. remember sins, (1) to repent of them Dt 9:7 (+ אל־תשׁכח, sq. cl. with את־אשׁר), elsewh. only Ezek., usu. c. acc. Ez 16:61 (+ וְנִכְלַמְתְּ), v:63 (obj. not expressed), 20:43, 36:21; (2) to renew and repeat them Ez 23:19, neg. v:27. d. esp. remember the dealings of י׳, expressed in great variety of terms in acc., Dt 7:18, 8:2, 24:9, 32:7 (‖בין), Is 46:9, 63:11, Ps 77:12 Qr (Kt Hiph. q.v.) v:12, 105:5, 143:5 (‖הגיתי, אֲשׂוֹחֵחַ) 1 Ch 16:12; negatively, Is 43:18; (‖אַל תִּתְבֹּנָ֑נוּ), Ez 16:22, 16:43, Ps 78:42, 106:7, Ne 9:17 (‖וַיְמָאֲנוּ לִשְׁמֹעַ); obj. cl. with בִּי esp. D, Dt 5:15, 15:15, 16:12, 24:18, 24:22, Ps 78:35.

2. remember persons (human subj.), a. to their advantage:—sq. acc. Gn 40:14 (E), v:23 (E; neg., ‖שׁכח), 1 S 25:31. b. to make use of them (acc.) Na 2:6. c. their acts (acc.) to their advantage 2 Ch 24:22, to their disadvantage 2 S 19:20 (neg.); to make vengeance Dt 25:17. d. remember human obligations, acc. rei: בְּרִית אַחִים Am 1:9; cf. perh. Est 2:1 (acc. pers. and also of deed); neg. Ec 9:15 (acc. pers.), Ps 109:16 (sq. חסד עשׂות).

3. remember י׳: a. call him to mind 2 S 14:11 (i.e. recall a specific command of his). b. recall, and (esp.) keep י׳ in mind Dt 8:18, Je 51:50, Is 64:4 (‖עשׂה חדק), Ez 6:9, Zc 10:9, Jo 2:8, Ps 42:7, 63:7 (‖אהגה), 77:4, Ne 4:8; negatively Ju 8:34, Is 17:10 (opp. שׁכח), 57:11 (‖לאֹ שַׂמְתְּ עַל־לִבֵּךְ); cf. also אֶתאבּוֹרְאֶָךָ ז׳ Ec 12:1, and (no obj. expressed) Ps 22:28 (+ וישׁובו אל י׳); remember י׳'s name Ps 119:55.

4. remember: a. words of Moses Jos 1:13 (D) Mal 3:22; י׳'s instructions through prophet Is 44:21, not found46:48 (‖השׁיבו על לב), also Mi 6:5 (sq. cl. with מה). b. commandments of י׳ (so as to do them) Nu 15:39 (P, or H), v:40 (P; + ועשׂיתם), Ps 103:18 (+ לעשׂותם), 119:52 (משׁפטים); his covenant 1 Ch 16:15.

5. think of or on, call to mind something present or future:—sq. acc., issue of conduct Is 47:7, La 1:9 (end of Jerusalem); fight with crocodile Jb 40:32; obj. a general truth, prosperity of wicked Jb 21:6 (obj. not expr.); (fleeting) days of life Ec 5:19; (coming) days of darkness, 11:8; a duty Jb 36:24 (sq. cl. with כִּי).

6. remember a day, to observe, commemorate it:—day of Exodus Ex 13:3 (J) Dt 16:3; sabbath Ex 20:8 (E; ‖שׂמר Dt 5:12).

7. remember, with implied mention of, obj. י׳ Je 20:9 (‖דִּבֶּר בִּשְׁמוֹ); מַשָּׂא י׳ 23:36.

II. Subj. י׳(אלהים). 1. remember persons: a. individuals, with kindness, granting requests, protecting, delivering etc., c. acc. pers., Gn 30:22 (E), 1 S 1:11 (opp. שׁכח), v:19, Ju 16:28 (sq. וְחַזְּקֵנִי); Je 15:15 (‖פָּקְדֵנִי), Ps 106:4 (‖ id.), Jb 14:13 (+ תשׁית לי חק), also Gn 8:1 (P), 19:29 (P); neg. Ps 88:6 (‖מידך נִגְזָרָוּ); sq. לְ pers. Ps 25:7 (yet cf. Che); sq. acc. rei + לְ pers. (dat. commod.) Ne 5:19, 13:14, 13:22, 13:31. b. individuals, to punish, sq. לְ pers. Ne 6:14, 13:29. c. his servants, people, the afflicted, (graciously) sq. לְ Ex 32:13 (JE), Dt 9:27, Ps 136:23; sq. acc. Ps 9:13 (opp. שׁכת), 74:2, 115:12 (sq. יְבָרֵךְ); cf. Je 31:20 (זכור זכר). d. his land Lv 26:42 (H), and neg. La 2:1 (his footstool). e. mankind Ps 8:5 (‖פקד). 2. a. remember the distress of his servants, La 3:19 (sq. cl. with מה), 5:1 (‖הַבִּיטָ֯ וּרְאֵה). b. their devotion, acc., Ps 20:4, Je 2:2 (+ לְ pers.), Ps 132:1 (+ id.); sq. cl. with את אשׁר 2 K 20:3 = Is 38:3. c. their intercession Je 18:20 (sq. inf. c. sf.) 3. a. remember his own covenant (with them), acc., Gn 9:15, 9:16, Ex 2:24, 6:25 (all P), Lv 26:42, 26:42 (H, as also) v:45 (+ לְ pers.); Je 14:21 (+ אַל־תָּפֵר), Ez 16:60, Ps 105:8, cf. v:42 (obj. דְּבַר קָדְשׁוֹ), and 119:49, Ne 1:8, Ps 106:45 (+ לְ pers.), 111:5. b. his mercy, etc., acc., Ps 25:6, 98:3, 2 Ch 6:42; also Hb 3:2. c. extenuating circumstances, sq. cl. with כִּי, Jb 7:7, 10:9, Ps 78:39, 103:14 (זָכוּר be-thinketh him, Che, cf. De Kö:§ 20, 14 Ba:NB 175); also Ps 89:48 (sq. אֲנִי + epex. cl. with מה ). 4. remember sins, idolatries etc., sq. acc., Ho 7:2, 8:13 (‖פקד), 9:9 (‖ id.), Je 14:10 (‖ id.); neg. Je 44:21 (‖עלה על לבו), Is 43:25, 64:8, Ps 25:7, 79:8 (+ לְ pers.); sq. לְ Je 31:34; also (obj. reproach) Ps 74:18, 74:22, 89:5; and (obj. day of Jerusalem) Ps 137:7 (+ לִבְנֵי אֱדוֹם, i.e. against them). Niph. Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וְנִזְכַּרְתֶּם Nu 10:9; Impf. 3 ms. יִזָּכֵר Je 11:19 +; 3 fs. תִּזָּכֵר Ez 25:10, (תִּזָּכָר Ex 34:19 rd. הַזָּכָר v. זָכָר); 2 fs. תִּזָּכֵָרִי Is 23:16, Ez 21:37; 3 mpl. יִזָּֽכְרוּ Ho 2:19 +; 3 fpl. תִּזָּכַרְנָה Is 65:17 +; תִּזָּרְןָ Ez 3:20; Inf. cstr. sf. הִזָּכֶרְכֶם Ez 21:29 (om. SyrVer Co); Pt. pl. נִזְכָּרִים Est 9:28.—1. be brought to remembrance, remembered, thought of, usu. c. neg.:—a. in general, subj. Baalim Ho 2:19 (+ בִּשְׁמָם), cf. Zc 13:2 (‖אכרית); former heaven and earth Is 65:17 (‖עלה על לב); (wicked) dead Jb 24:20 (‖ישׁכחהו v:a); coral (not to be thought of [others, be mentioned] in comparison with wisdom) Jb 28:18; of attention paid to Tyre under fig. of harlot Is 23:16 (opp. נשׁכחה). b. brought to י׳ 's remembrance, subj. the people, (1) with gracious result Nu 10:9 (P; לפני י׳, ‖וְנוֹשַׁעְתֶּם); (2) for judgment Ez 21:29 (om. SyrVer Co). c. be remembered by י׳, neg. of deeds, as affecting י׳'s judgment, (1) righteous Ez 3:20, 18:24, 33:13 (sq. לְ of advantage, acc. to Co); (2) wicked 18:22 (sq. לְ, om. A B Vulgate etc., Co) 33:16 (sq. לְ). d. be remembered אֶל־י׳ Ps 109:14 (‖אַל־תִּמָָּח). 2. neg. be not remembered = no longer exist, of name of Israel, as nation Je 11:19 (‖נכרת), Ps 83:5 (‖נַכְחִידֵם מִגּוֹי); of Ammonites Ez 21:37, 25:10. 3. be remembered, of particular days, in order to be observed, commemorated, Est 9:28 (sq. וְנַעֲשִׂים observe, celebrate). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִזְכִּיר Is 49:1; 2 ms. sf. 1 s. וְהִזְכַּרְתַּנִי consec. Gn 40:14; Impf. 3 ms. יַזְכִּיר Is 19:17; 1 s. אַזְכִּיר Ex 20:2 +, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. 1 s. הַזְכִּירֵנִי Is 43:26; mpl. הַזְכִּירוּ Is 12:4, Je 4:16; Inf. cstr. הַזְכְּיר(ל) 2 S 18:18 +; sf. 3 ms. כְּהַזְכִּירוֹ 1 S 4:18; sf. 2 mpl. הַזְכַּרְכֶם Ez 21:29 (cf. Sta:§ 245 Kö:§ 29, 11); Pt. מַזְכִּיר Gn 41:9 +, etc.; fs. מַזְכֶּרֶת Nu 5:15; —1. cause to remember, remind, c. acc. pers. Is 43:26. 2. cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance, c. acc. rei, a person's name 2 S 18:18, Ps 45:18; of י׳, causing his name to be remembered, by some token, Ex 20:24 (JE). 3. mention, a. sq. acc. pers. Gn 40:14 (E; sq. אֶל־ pers.), י׳, = call upon Is 62:6, name of י׳ 26:13, 49:1 (‖קראני), name of other gods, neg., Ex 23:13 (JE; ‖יִשָּׁמַע); sq. בְּשֵׁם Am 6:10, cf. Ps 20:8 (De Che al. boast of, praise, LXX μεγαλυνθησόμεθα, whence Hup Bae prop. נַגְבִּיר = we display strength), neg. Jos 23:7 (D; ‖תשׁביעו ולא), so באלהי ישׂראל Is 48:1 (‖הַנִּשְׁבָּעִים בְּשֵׁם). b. sq. acc. rei: faults Gn 41:9 (E), the ark 1 S 4:18, land of Judah Is 19:17, Rahab (= Egypt) Ps 87:4, works of י׳ Ps 77:12 (Kt, Qr Qal q. v.), his righteousness Ps 71:16, lovingkindness, Is 63:7; human love Ct 1:4; also in technical sense, apparently = accuse before God, alw. sq. עָוֹן, 1 K 17:18, Nu 5:15 (P) Ez 21:28, v:29 (sq. פִּשְׁעֵיבֶם בְּהִגָּלוֹת), 29:16. c. sq. cl., with כִּי Is 12:4; no conjunction Je 4:16 (לְ indir. obj.; ‖הַשְׁמיעו). d. abs. commemorate, praise 1 Ch 16:4 (לְהַז׳, appar. Levitical function, sq. ולהודות ולהלל ליהוה), so perh. also לְהַזְכִּיר in titles Ps 38:1, 70:1 (others sub 5). 4. record, only pt. מַזְכִּיר as subst. (title of public officer) = recorder 2 S 8:16, 20:24, 1 K 4:3, 2 K 18:18, 18:37 = Is 36:3, 36:22, 1 Ch 18:15, 2 Ch 34:8. 5. of sacrifice, make a memorial, i.e. offer an אַזְכָּרָה q. v.; sq. לְבֹנָה Is 66:3.—JPPeters:JBL, 1893, xii, 58 rds. אַזְכִּרָה Ps 42:5 (v. Qal I. 1), ‘ let me make my azkara, and pour out libation for (עֲלֵי) my life. ’

† I. [זֶ֫כֶר] n.pr.m. only זָ֑כֶר 1 Ch 8:31 (LXX Ζαχουρ) = זְכַרְיָה 9:37 q.v. (cf. Ph. n. pr. זכר).

II. זֶ֫כֶר n.m. Ex 17:14, vid. following.

† זֵ֫כֶר n.m.:Ps 9:7 remembrance, memorial (cf. Hpt:Hbr. 1885, 230)—ז׳ abs. Ps 111:4; cstr. Dt 25:19 +; זֶכֶר cstr. Ex 17:14 van d. H; sf. זִכְרִי Ex 3:15, זִכְרְךָ Is 26:8 +, זִכְרֶָךָ Ps 6:6, זִכְרוֹ Ho 12:6 +, זִכְרָם Dt 32:26 +:—

1. remembrance, memory: a. of persons or people, blotted out by their destruction, Ex 17:14 (E; c. מחה) = Dt 25:19, Dt 32:26 (השׁבית) Ps 34:17, 109:15 (both הכרית), Ps 9:7 (אבד), Jb 18:17 (אבד; ‖שֵׁם), Is 26:14 (אבּד); cf. on other hand עוֹלָם ז׳ as portion of righteous. b. of י׳ Ps 6:6, 102:13 (‖אַתָּה = יהוה). c. of י׳'s character and works Ps 30:5, 97:12, 111:4. d. remembrance of particular days, i.e. their observance Est 9:28 (הַפּוּרִים יְמֵי).

2. memorial, by which one is remembered: a. nearly = שֵׁם, חַדִּיק לִבְרָכָה ז׳ Pr 10:7 (‖שֵׁם), cf. also Ec 9:5 (c. נשׁכח); esp. of י׳ Ex 3:15 (E), Ho 12:6, Is 26:8, Ps 135:13 (all ‖שֵׁם). b. = renown (of Israel) Ho 14:8 (cf. VB).

† זָכָר n.m. & adj. male (As. zikaru, zikru, COT:Gloss Lyon:Manual, Gloss; Ar. ذَكَرُ; Aram. דִּכְרָא, ܕܶܟܪܳܐ; Sab. רם[כ]דַ DHM:ZMG 1876, 675; relation to above √ obscure; male as mentioned, talked of, Lane:969 f.; fr. assumed orig. sense be sharp (traces of this in Arab.: v. Lane), Bö:Prob 207 Fl in ChWB:i. 422, cf. Ar. ذَكَرُ male organ; Schwally:ZAW 1891, 176 ff. fr. זָכַר = call upon in worship; hence male as competent to worship)—alw. abs. ז׳ Gn 1:27 +; pl. זְכָרִים(ה) Ex 13:12 +; vid. also [זָכוּר]:—I. subst. male, offspring of men and animals Ex 13:12, 13:15 (pl., both JE); opp. נְקֵבָה Dt 4:16; specif.

1. of men: a. in phr. אישׁ לְמִשְׁכַב זָכָר אשׁר לא יָֽדְעָה Ju 21:12 (Bu:RS 153 Dr:Intr. 151), cf. v:11, Nu 31:17, 31:18, 31:35 (all 3 P); חַלְמֵי זָכָר Ez 16:17. b. alone = man Je 30:6 (רְאוּ אִם־יֹלֵד זָכָָר ‖גֶּבֶר ); usu. coll., men, male persons (of all ages) Ju 21:11, 1 K 11:15, 11:16, Gn 34:25, Lv 6:11, 6:22, 7:6, Nu 1:2, 1:20, 1:22, 3:28, 3:34, 3:39, 18:10, 26:62, 31:7, 31:17, (all P); pl. זכרים(ה) 2 Ch 31:16, Ezr 8:3, 8:4, 8:5, 8:6, 8:7, 8:8, 8:9, 8:10, 8:11, 8:12, 8:13, 8:14, so also Jos 5:4 (‖העם כל־, and כל־אנשׁי המלחמה), 17:2 (gloss? cf. Dr:Intr. 104); esp. of individ., in connex. with circumcision Gn 17:10, 17:12, 17:14, 17:23, 34:15, 34:22, 34:24, Ex 12:48 (all P); of male child Lv 12:2 (P) Is 66:7; opp. נְקֵבָה Gn 1:27, 5:2, Lv 12:7 (child) 15:33, 27:3, 27:5, 27:6, 27:7, Nu 5:3 (all P; cf. Sab. רם(כ)אנתַים פאו דַ DHM:l. c.); opp. אִשָּׁה in command ag. sodomy Lv 18:22, 20:13 (both H).

2. of animals, esp. for sacrifice Ex 34:19 (JE; rd. הַזָּכָר for MT תִּזָּכָר); Ex 12:5, Lv 1:3, 1:10, 4:23 (all P) 22:19 (H), Mal 1:14; opp. נְקֵבָה Gn 6:19, 7:3, 7:9, 7:16, Lv 3:1, 3:6 (all P). II. adj. sg. male (only human beings) יֻלַּד־לְךָ בֵּן ז׳ Je 20:15; כָּל־בְּכֹר ז׳ Nu 3:40, 3:43 (both P).

† [זָכוּר] n.m. male, i. q. זָכָר, but only c. sf.;—coll. כָּל־זְכוּרְךָ Ex 23:17 = 34:23 (both JE), = Dt 16:16, of attendance at feasts; כָּל־זְכוּרָהּ (of city refusing terms of peace) Dt 20:13 commanded to be slain (opp. הַנָּשִׁים, הַטַּף, etc., v:14).

† זִכְרִי n.pr.m. LXX Ζεχρει, Ζαχρι, etc., exc. as below:—

1. a Reubenite 1 Ch 27:16.

2. a Judahite 2 Ch 17:16.

3. Levites: a. Ex 6:21 (P). b. 1 Ch 26:25. c. an Asaphite 1 Ch 9:15 ‖ Ne 11:17 where rd. זכרי (for זַבְדִּי, q. v.); cf. also infr. זַכּוּר 3 b. 4. a priest Ne 12:17 (LXXL Ζαχαριας). 5. Benjamites: a. 1 Ch 8:19. b. v:23. c. v:27. d. Ne 11:9. 6. father of a captain in Jehoiada's time 2 Ch 23:1 (LXX Ζαχαρια, LXXL Ζεχρι). 7. mighty man of Ephraim 2 Ch 28:7 (LXX ̓Εζεχρει, LXXL Ζαχαριας).

† זַכּוּר n.pr.m. LXX Ζακχυρ, Ζακχουρ, etc.:—

1. a Reubenite Nu 13:4 (P).

2. a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:26.

3. Levites: a. 1 Ch 24:27. b. an Asaphite 1 Ch 25:2 (Σακχους), v:10 (Ζαχχουθ), Ne 12:35 (Ζακχουρ), cf. זִכְרִי supr. 3 c. c. Ne 10:13 cf. 13:13

4. companion of Ezra, Ezr 8:14 Qr (Kt זבוד, cf. supr. p. 256 a).

5. contemp. of Nehemiah, Ne 3:2.

† זִכָּרוֹן, זִכָּרֹן n.m.:Ec 1:11 memorial, remembrance (cf. Lg:BN 199, 200)—abs. זִכָּרוֹן Jos 4:7 +; זִכָּרֹן Ex 28:12, 28:12, 28:29; cstr. זִכְרוֹן Ec 1:11 + 2 t.; sf. זִכְרוֹנֵח Is 57:8; pl. הַזִּכְרֹנוֹת Est 6:1; sf. זִכְרֹנֵיכֶם Jb 13:12; —

1. memorial, reminder: a. memorial-day Ex 12:14 (P). b. memorial-usage Ex 13:9 (JE). c. memorial-objects, altar-plates Nu 17:5 (P); stones in Jordan Jos 4:7 (JE); crowns in temple Zc 6:14; ז׳ in Is 57:8 is symbol of strange god (Di), or perh. phallus-image, as sign of harlot (Che), cf. > Du (who prop. זְכָרוֹן, from זָכָר). d. memorial-record; in a book Ex 17:14 (E); cf. סֵפֶר זִכָּרוֹן Mal 3:16, הַזִּכְרֹנות דברי הימים ס׳ Est 6:1; memorial, as proof of citizenship Ne 2:20 (‖חֵלֶק, חְדָקָה); reminder of Israel, לִפְנֵי י׳, of כֶּסֶף הַכִּפֻּרִים Ex 30:16; spoils of war Nu 31:54; inscribed stones of ephod Ex 28:12, 28:29, called אַבְנֵי ז׳ v:12 = 39:7; blowing of trumpets Nu 10:10 (foregoing all P), cf. זִכְרוֹן תְּרוּעַה Lv 23:24 (H; where, however, no לפני י׳, v. Di); זכרון(ה)מִנְחַת Nu 5:15, 5:18 (P); memorial-sentence, apophthegm Jb 13:12.

2. remembrance Ec 1:11 (cstr. before prep. Ges:§ 130, 1), v:11 2:16.

† זְכַרְיָהוּ, oftener זְכַרְיָה n.pr.m. (Sab. ידַכראל DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 43) LXX Ζαχαρια(ς), etc.:—

1. זכריהו, king of Isr., son of Jerob. II, 2 K 15:8 = זכריה 14:29, 15:11.

2. זכריהו, father of Hezekiah’s mother 2 Ch 29:1 = זכריה 2 K 18:2.

3. זכריהו, contemporary of Isaiah Is 8:2.

4. זכריהו, a Reubenite 1 Ch 5:7.

5. זכריה, a Benjamite 1 Ch 9:37 (LXX Ζαχαρια, A Ζαχχουρ LXXL Ζεχρει) = זָ֑כֶר 1 Ch 8:31 (v. I. [זֶכֶר]).

6. זכריהו, a Manassite 1 Ch 27:21 (LXX Ζαβδειου, LXXL Ζαχαριου).

7. זכריהו, a son of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 21:2.

8. זכריה, a captain of Jehosh. 2 Ch 17:7.

9. זכריהו, teacher of Uzziah 2 Ch 26:5.

10. Levites, זכריהו: a. 1 Ch 15:18 = זכריה v:20, 16:5. b. 1 Ch 24:25. c. 1 Ch 26:2, 26:14. d. 1 Ch 26:11. e. 2 Ch 20:14. f. 2 Ch 29:13 (LXX ̓Αζαριας, A Ζαχαριας, so LXXL). זכריה: g. 1 Ch 9:21. h. 2 Ch 34:12. i. an Asaphite Ne 12:35.

11. priests, זכריהו: a. 1 Ch 15:24 b. 2 Ch 35:8. זכריה: c. 2 Ch 24:20 (LXX ̓Αζαριαν; LXXL Ζαχαριαν; prob. referred to Matt 23:35, where appar. confusion with f). d. Ne 11:12. e. Ne 12:41. f. the well-known prophet Zc 1:1, 1:7, 7:1, 7:8, Ne 12:16 [cf. Aram. Ezr 5:1, 6:14].

12. returned exiles, זכריה: a. Ezr 8:3 and perh. v:16, cf. Ne 8:4. b. Ezr 8:11 (LXX ̓Αζαριας, A Ζαχαριας, so LXXL). c. Ezr 10:26. d. a man of Judah Ne 11:4. e. id. Ne 11:5 (LXX Θηζεια, א Θηδεια, A Ζαχαριου, so LXXL).

† אַזְכָּרָה n.f. memorial-offering, only P (an Aram. inf. form; cf. Ba:NB 90 Sta:§ 224)—abs. א׳ Lv 24:7; sf. אַזְכָּֽרָתָהּ Lv 2:2 + 5 t.;—used of the frankincense burned for the shew-bread והיתה אִשֶּׁה לי׳ ללחם לאז׳ Lv 24:7; elsewh. alw. after הקטיר, only c. sf., referring to מִנְחָה Lv 2:2, 2:9, 2:16, 6:8, Nu 5:26; of the meal used as חַטָּאת by the very poor Lv 5:12; alw. connected with אִשֶּׁה, exc. Lv 6:8, Nu 5:26.

מַזְכִּיר n.m. recorder, v. זָכַר Hiph. p. 270

זלא (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

† יִזְלִיאָה n.pr.m. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:18 (LXX Ζαρεια, A Εζλια, LXXL ̓Ιεζελια).

זלג (Ar. زَلَجَ glide, slip; of arrow, skim, slide along; مِزْلَاجُ a kind of latch, sliding bolt; Aram. זְלַג is pour forth (tears), flow down).

† מַזְלֵג n.m. appar. a sacrificial implement, three-pronged fork שְׁלשׁ הַשִּׁנַּיִם הַמּ׳ 1 S 2:13, cf. v:14 (v. Dr:Sm. pp. 23, 291).

† [מִזְלָגָה] n.[f.] id., only pl. הַמִּזְלָגֹת Ex 38:3, Nu 4:14; הַמִּזְלָגוֹת 1 Ch 28:17, 2 Ch 4:16; sf. מִזְלְגֹתָיו Ex 27:3; —a sacrificial implement, belonging to altar in tabernacle, Ex 27:3, 38:3, Nu 4:14 (all P); belonging to temple 1 Ch 28:17, 2 Ch 4:16.

† I. [זָלַל] vb. shake (Ar. زَلَّ slip, زَلْزَلَ agitate, shake; تَزَلْزَلَ be agitated, quake, esp. of earth-quake)—Niph. Pf. נָזֹ֫לּוּ shake, quake Is 63:19 of mts. at י׳'s presence (Ges De Che Di Du; LXX Vulgate as if fr. נזל flow down); so 64:2 (but here prob. not original Che Di Du); read נָזֹלּוּ likewise Ju 5:5 (LXX Thes Stu Be Bla MV SS; MT נָֽזְלוּ, fr. נזל).

† [זַלְזַל] n.[m.] (quivering) tendrils;—only pl. tendrils of vine הַזַּלְזַלִּים Is 18:5 (‖הַנְּטִישׁוֹת), in fig. of Yahweh's destroying the Assyrians.

† II. [זָלַל] vb. 1. be light, worthless, 2. make light of (As. zalâlu, be in ruins, COT:Gloss (Asrn:Standard Inscr. 15), Ar. ذَلَّ = Aram. ܕܰܠ (rare), ܕܠܺܝܠܳܐ easy; but זְלַל, ܙܰܠ, are more common (all intrans.))—Qal only Pt. act. זוֹלֵל Dt 21:20 + 2 t.; זוֹלֵלָָה La 1:11; pl. זוֹלְלִים Pr 28:7, cstr. זֹלְלֵי Pr 23:20—

1. be worthless, insignificant Je 15:19 (opp. יָקָר) La 1:11 (of Jerusalem in distress).

2. trans. make light of = be lavish with, squander (cf. II. זוּל), esp. of gluttony בשׂר ז׳ Pr 23:20 (‖סֹבְאֵי יַיִן), abs. v:21, Dt 21:20 (both ‖סֹבֵא), Pr 28:7. Hiph. Pf. sf. הִזִּילוּהָ La 1:8 causat. of Qal 1 make light of, despise (opp. כִּבֵּד); on form cf. Ges:§ 67, R. 8 RobGes, MV SS (> assigned to זוּל by Thes Kö:Lgb. i. 471).

† זֻלֻּת n.f. worthlessness, only כְּרֻם זֻלֻּת לִבְנֵי אָדָם [van d. H. זֻלּוּת] Ps 12:9 cf. De & Che:crit. n.

זלעף ( quadrilit. √ of foll.; v. reff. infr.)

† זַלְעָפָה n.f. raging heat (on format. cf. Ges:Lbg 863 O1:§ 196 a. 1. 2)—ז׳ Ps 119:53; pl. abs. זִלְעָפוֹת Ps 11:6; cstr. זִלְעֲפוֹת La 5:10; —

1. of fever heat of famine רָעָב ז׳ La 5:10.

2. of burning wind רוּח ז׳ Ps 11:6 (in fig. of י׳'s judgment, with אֵשׁ, גָּפְרִית).

3. fig. of zeal אֲחָזַתְנִי ז׳ Ps 119:53.

זלף (√ of foll.; Thes comp. Aram. זְלַף Pa. drop, drip; cf. ܙܠܰܦ; also NH זִלּוּף sprinkling, ܙܠܳܦܳܐ dropping, pouring, زَلَفَةُ a full bowl, etc.)

† זִלְפָּה n.pr.f. Leah's maid, one of Jacob's wives, mother of Gad and Asher Gn 29:24, 30:9, 30:10, 30:12 (all J), 35:26, 37:2, 46:18 (all P).

† זָמַם vb. consider, purpose, devise (Aram. זְמַם in der. conjj.; cf. Ar. زَمَّ speak, talk (rare); Aram. ܙܰܡ is sonuit, resonavit, the n. ܙܡܳܡܳܐ is tinnitus, strepitus)—only Qal Pf. זָמַם Dt 19:19 + 2 t.; זָמָָם La 2:17; זָֽמְמָה Pr 31:16; זַמּ֫וֹתָ Pr 30:32; זַמֹּ֫תִי Je 4:28 but also זָמַ֫מְתִּי Zc 8:14, 8:15; זַמֹּתִי Ps 17:3 either belongs here with irreg. accent (v. De), or is Inf. after anal. of ה“ל e.g. חַנּוֹת cf. 77:10 (Hi Ri); Che:crit. n. rds. זִמָּתִי; זָמָָמוּ Ps 31:14; Impf. יָֽזְמוּ Gn 11:6 (Ges:§ 67, R. 11); on poss. Inf. זמֹּתִ֫י Ps 17:3 v. supr.; Pt. זֹמֵם Ps 37:12; —

1. consider, fix thought upon, c. acc. of concrete obj. שָׂדֶה Pr 31:16.

2. purpose, devise: a. esp. of Yahweh's purpose in punishment Je 4:28 (abs.), 51:12 sq. עשׂה + acc. (‖מְזִמָּה), La 2:17 (sq. אשׁר) Zc 1:6 (c. כאשׁר sq. inf.), 8:14 (id.); of blessing only כֵּן שַׁבְתִּי זָמַמְתִּי לְהֵיטִיב Zc 8:15 (opp. v:14). b. of evil purpose of wicked men לעשׂות אשׁר יז׳ Gn 11:6, Dt 19:19 (c. כאשׁר + inf.), Ps 31:14 (sq. inf.); abs. Pr 30:32 (‖נבל), Ps 17:3 have I (i.e. if I have) devised evil (so De); sq. לְ pers. (= against) Ps 37:12.

† [זָמָם] n.[m.] plan, device (bad sense), only זְמָמוֹ Ps 140:9 (‖מַאֲוַיֵּי רָשָׁע).

† I. זִמָּה n.f. plan, device, wickedness—abs. ז׳ Lv 18:17 + 17 t.; cstr. זִמַּת Pr 24:9 + 2 t.; sf. זִמָּתֵח Ez 16:58 + 3t.; זִמַּתְכֶ֫נַָה Ez 23:48, 23:49; pl. זמּוֹת Is 32:7, sf. זִמֹּתַי Jb 17:11; —

1. plan, purpose Jb 17:3; elsewhere always

2. in bad sense: a. evil device Is 32:7 (c. יעִץ, sq. לְחַבֵּל); זִמַּת אִוֶּלָת Pr 24:9; cf. Ps 26:10 (‖שֹׁחַד), 119:150. b. wickedness in act עשׂה ז׳ Ho 6:9 (where murder in context), Pr 10:23, 21:27 cf. Now. Esp. c. of unchastity: incest Lv 18:17, 20:14, 20:14, licentiousness 19:29 (all H), Ju 20:6 (‖נְבָלָה), adultery Jb 31:11; freq. (mostly Ez) metaph. of idolatry of people under fig. of harlotry and adultery Je 13:27 (זִמַּת זְנוּתֵח), Ez 16:27 (דַּרְכֵח זִמָּה), v:43, v:58 (both ‖תּוֹעֵבָה), 22:9 (c. עשׂה), v:11 (טִמֵּא בְּזִמָּה, ‖תועבה), 23:21, 23:27 (‖זְנוּתֵח), v:29 (עֶרְוַת זְנוּנַיִח וְזִמָּתֵח וְתַזְנוּתָָיִח), v:35 (‖תַּזְנוּתָָיִח), v:44 (אִשּׁוֹת הַזּ׳, Co לעשׂות ז׳), v:48, v:48, v:49 (‖חֲטָאֵי גִלּוּלֵיכֶן), 24:13. [In Ez 16:27, 16:43, 24:13 del. Co, chiefly on intern. grounds.]

† II. זִמָּה n.pr.m. of several Levites (Gershonites)—

1. 1 Ch 6:5.

2. 1 Ch 6:27.

3. 2 Ch 29:12.

† מְזִמָּה n.f. purpose, discretion, device (Je and WisdLt), מְזִמָּה Jb 42:2 + 5 t.; הַמְּזִמָּ֫תָה Je 11:15 (but rd. for רַבִּים המ׳ with LXX הַמְּזִמֹּת הַֽנְדָרִים); מְזִמָּתוֹ Je 51:11; pl. abs. מְזִמּוֹת Ps 37:7 + 7 t.; cstr. id. Je 23:20, 30:24; sf. מְזִמּוֹתָיו Ps 10:4; —

1. of י׳'s purposes Jb 42:2; chiefly in punishment (cf. זָמַם, זִמָּה) Je 23:20, 30:24, 51:11(‖זמם v:12).

2. power of devising, discretion Pr 1:4 (‖דַּעַת), 2:11 (‖תְּבוּנָה), 3:21 (‖תֻּשִׁיָּה), 5:2 (‖דַּעַת); דַּעַת מְזִמּוֹת 8:12.

3. a. evil thoughts of men Ps 10:4, evil devices of men Jb 21:27 (‖מחשׁבות), Ps 10:2, 21:12 (both c. חָשַׁב). b. wickedness in act Je 11:15, Ps 37:7 (both c. עָשָׂה), 139:20 לִמְזִמָּה = wickedly;—note phrases: מְזִמּוֹת אישׁ a man of (evil) devices (or practices) Pr 12:2 (opp. טוֹכ) 14:17; בַּעַל־מְזִמּוֹת Pr 24:8 (‖מְחַשֵּׁב לְהָרֵעַ; v. בַּעַל).

† זַמְזֻמִּים n.pr.gent. said to be a name given to רְפָאִים by the Ammonites who dispossessed them Dt 2:20 (cf. Ar. زَمْزَمَ talk gibberish?), LXX Ζοχομμιν, Ζομζομμειν, and Ζομμειν (so LXXL); cf. Gn 14:5 זוּזִים q.v. (LXX ἔθνη ισχυρά).

† [זָמַן] vb. (Aram. and late) only Pu. Pt. be fixed, appointed, of time (Ar. زَمِنَ continue, Aram. Pa. זַמֵּן, ܙܰܡܶܢ summon to fixed time or place, invite, appoint; cf. זִמָָן infr.)—עִתִּים מְזֻמָּנִים Ezr 10:14 Ne 10:35; מְזֻמָּנוֹת ע׳ Ne 13:31.

† זְמָָן n.m. (late) appointed time, time (Ar. زَمَنُ, Eth. zman: BAram. Targum זְמַן, but Syr. ܙܰܒܢܳܐ, Mand. זיבנא, Sam. zbn, Palm. זבנא, cf. Reckendorf:ZMG 1888, 394)—sg. זְמָָן Ne 2:6, Ec 3:1; sf. וְכִזְמַנָּ֑ם Est 9:27, בִּזְמַנֵּיהֶם v:31, (on Dagh. cf. Ges:§ 20. 2, c).

† I. [זמר] vb. only Pi. make music in praise of God (י׳), only poet. (Ar. زَمَرَ pipe, play on a reed; Aram. ܙܡܰܪ, זַמֵּר and deriv.; Eth. zamar: in der. conjj.; on an orig. mng. hum, murmur, cf. Hup:ZKM iii, (1840) 394 ff. iv, 139 ff. Id:Psalm. Einl. § 7, 2 De:4 on Ps 3)—Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְזַמֶּרְךָ Ps 30:13; 1 S. אֲזַמֵּר Ju 5:3, 2 S 22:50; אֲזַמְּרָה(וַ) Ps 7:18 + 7 t., אֲזַמֵָּרָה Ps 18:50 + 3 t.; sf. אֲזַמֶּרְךָ Psalm 57:10 108:4, אֲזַמְּרֶָךָּ Ps 131:1; 3 mpl. יְזַמְּרוּ Ps 66:4, 149:3; וִיזַמְּרוּ Ps 66:4; 1 pl. נְזַמְּרָה Ps 21:14; Imv. mpl. זַמְּרוּ Ps 9:12 + 14 t., זַמֵָּרוּ Ps 47:7, 47:7; Inf. לְזַמֵּר Ps 92:2, זַמְּרָה Ps 147:1; —make music, melody (only Psalm Psalm, exc. Ju 5:3, Is 12:5);—

1. of singing to (ל) God (Yahweh) Ju 5:3, Ps 27:6, 101:1, 104:33, 105:2 = 1 Ch 16:9 (all ‖שׁיר vb.), Ps 9:12, 30:5 (both ‖הוֹדוּ), 47:7 (לְמַלְכֵּנוּ), 66:4, 71:23 (with תְּרַנֵּנָּה שְׂפָתַי), 75:10 (‖הגיד), 146:2 (‖הלל); sq. אֶלִ־ 59:18; to his name לשׁם, Ps 18:50 = 2 S 22:50 (‖אודך), Ps 92:2 (‖לְהֹדוֹת), 135:3 (‖הללויה); sq. sf. = sing thee, praise thee in song Ps 30:13, 57:10, 108:4, 138:1 (all ‖אודך); sq. acc י׳ Is 12:5, אלהים Ps 47:7, אלהינו 147:1, אדני 68:33 (‖שׁירו), sq. שְׁמוֹ 7:18 (‖אודה), 9:3, 61:9, 66:4, 68:5 (‖שׁידו); sq. כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ 66:2, גבורתך 21:14 (‖נשׁירה); sq. acc. of the song, מַשְׂכִּיל Ps 47:8 (v. מ׳ sub שׂכל); abs. 57:8 (‖אשׁירה), 98:4 (‖הָרִיעוּ, פִּחְחוּ, רַנְַנוּ), 108:2 (‖אשׁירה; instrumental accomp. v:3; cf. also v:4 supr.), 47:7, 47:7.

2. of playing musical instruments בְּנֵבֶל עָשׂוֹר זַמְּרוּ־לוֹ Ps 33:2 (‖בְּכִנּוֹר הודו לי׳), cf. 144:9 (‖אשׁירה); אזמרה לך בכנור 71:22 (‖אודך בִכְלִי־נֶבֶל); בכנָ֑ור בכנור לי׳ ז׳ וקול זמרה 98:5; בכנור לא׳ ז׳ 147:7 (‖בתודה ענו לי׳); בְּתֹף וכנור יזמרו־לו 149:3 (‖יהללו שׁמו בְּמָחוֹל).

† I. זִמְרָה n.f. melody, song, in praise of י׳—abs. ז׳ Ps 81:3 + 2 t.; זִמְרָת Ex 15:2, Ps 118:14, Is 12:2, rd. (י)זִמְרָתִ (v. Di:Ex SS); cstr. זִמְרַת Am 5:23, on Gn 43:11 v. infr.;—

1. of instrumental music וְזִמְרַת נְבָלֶיךָ Am 5:23 (‖המון שִׁריך).

2. of singing תּוֹדָה וקול ז׳ Is 51:3; as subject of song עֻזִּי וְזִמְרָתִי יָהּ (so rd.) Ex 15:2, Is 12:2, Ps 118:14.

3. not clearly determined וּתְנו־תָֹף כנור נעים שְׂאוּ־ז׳ :עם־נֶָֽבֶל Ps 81:3; בכנור וקול ז׳ 98:5 (cf. III. זמר ad fin.).—On מִזִּמְרַת הארץ Gn 43:11 v. II. זמרה infr.

זִמְרָת v. I. זִמְרָה. above

† I. [זָמִיר] n.m.:Is 25:5 song (cf. Ba:NB 136)—cstr. זְמִיר Is 25:5; pl. abs. זְמִרוֹת Jb 35:10 + 2 t., זְמִרֹת Is 24:16; cstr. זְמִרוֹת 2 S 23:1; —song נְעִים זְמִרוֹת ישׂראל 2 S 23:1 in epith. of David; Jb 35:10, Is 24:16; of (hostile) song of triumph זְמִיר עָרִיחִים Is 25:5 (‖שְׁאוֹן זָרִים); song in praise of י׳ בִּזְמִרוֹת נָרִיעָה לוֹ Ps 95:2 (‖תודה), cf. היו לי חֻקֶּיךָ ז׳ 119:54, i.e. they are the subject of my song.—On Ct 2:12 v. II. זמיר sub II. זמר.

† מִזְמוֹר n.[m.] melody (techn. design. of psalms; cf. Hup:Psalm, Einl. § 7, 2, De:4 on Ps 3, Bae:Psalmen, xiii; مَزَامِيرُنن, ܡܰܙܡܽܘܪܶܐ mazmur: loan-wds., all = Psalm(s); on מ׳, in relation to תהלה cf. Lg:Or ii. 22 f.), always in this form; in 57 Psalm-titles:—מ׳ alone Ps 98:1, שׁיר ליום הַשַּׁבָּת מ׳ 92:1, לְתוֹדָה מ׳ 100:1; usu. with pers. name or title; לְדָוִד מ׳ Ps 3:1, 15:1, 23:1, 29:1, 63:1, 141:1, 143:1, שׁיר מ׳ לדוד 108:1, לדוד לְהַזְכִּיר מ׳ 38:1, שִׁיר־חֲנֻכַּת הבית מ׳ לדוד 30:1, לדוד מ׳ 24:1, 101:1, 110:1, לדוד לַמְנַצֵּחַ מ׳ 13:1, 19:1, 20:1, 21:1, 31:1, 41:1, 51:1, 64:1, 140:1; …לַמְַנַצֵּחַ לדוד מ׳ 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 8:1, 9:1, 12:1, 22:1, 39:1, 62:1, לַמְַנַצֵּחַ מ׳ לדוד שׁיר 65:1, למנחח לדוד מ׳ 40:1, 109:1, 139:1, שׁיר למנחח לדוד מ׳ 68:1; also simply שׁיר לַמְַנַצֵּחַ מ׳ Ps 67:1, לַמְַנַצֵּחַ שׁיר מ׳ 66:1; but also לבני־ קרח שׁיר מ׳ Ps 48:1, שׁיר לִבְנֵי־קֹרַח מ׳ 87:1, לבני קרח שׁיר מ׳ מַשְׂכִּיל לְהֵימָן הָאֶזְרָחִי…לַמְַנַצֵּחַ 88:1, לַמְַנַצֵּחַ לבני־ קרח מ׳ 47:1, 49:1, 85:1, לבני־קרח מ׳…למנחח 84:1; further לְאָסָף מ׳ Ps 50:1, 73:1, 79:1, 82:1, לאסף שׁיר מ׳ 83:1, לאסף שׁיר מ׳…לַמְַנַצֵּחַ 75:1, 76:1, …לַמְַנַצֵּחַ לאסף מ׳ 77:1, 80:1. [Summary:—מ׳ in 34 Psalm Psalm with לַמְַנַצֵּחַ, of wh. 23 have לדוד also, 5 לבני קרח also, 4 לאסף, and 2 no n.pr.; in addit., in 13 Psalm Psalm with לדוד, 2 with לבני קרח, 5 with לאסף; in only 3 without either n.pr. or title; מ׳ is preceded by שׁיר 5 t., and foll. by שִׁיר 8 t.]

† II. [זָמַר] vb. trim, prune (NH id.; relation to √ I. obscure)—Qal Impf. 2 ms. תִּזְמֹר Lv 25:3, 25:4 of pruning a vineyard (כֶּרֶם; H). Niph. Impf. יִזָּמֵר Is 5:6 be pruned, subj. כֶּרֶם (‖יֵעָדֵר).

† II. זָמִיר n.[m.] trimming, pruning (cf. Lg:BN 173)—only עַת הַזָּמִיר Ct 2:12 (> others singing).—I. זמיר v. sub I. זמר supr.

† זְמוֹרָה n.[f.] branch, twig, shoot—abs. ז׳ Nu 13:23, הַזּ׳ Ez 8:17, 15:2; cstr. זְמֹרַת Is 17:10; sf. זְמֹרֵיהֶם Na 2:3; —branch of grape-vine Nu 13:23 (JE), Ez 15:2; branch, twig (Co Reissigbündel) used in idolatrous worship אֶל־אַפָּם הַזּ׳ Ez 8:17 (v. Sm and most), but custom obscure (v. Da), and txt. dub.; זְמֹרַת זָר (cf. Ew:§ 287 b) Is 17:10 twigs of a strange one (i.e. of a strange god) fig. of idolatrous cults adopted by Isr.; ז׳ pl. in fig. of Israelites Na 2:3.

† [מַזְמֵרָה] n.f. pruning-knife, only pl. וְכָרַת הַזַּלְזַלִּים בַּמַּזְמֵרוֹת Is 18:5; לְמַזְמֵרוֹת Is 2:4, Mi 4:3 (both ‖לְאִתִּים); וּמַזְמֵרֹתֵיכֶם Jo 4:1 (‖אִתֵּיכֶם).

† [מְזַמֶּרֶת] n.f. snuffers, as utensil of Sol.'s temple, only pl. abs. מְזַמְּרוֹת 2 K 12:14, הַמְזַמְּרוֹת 1 K 7:50 = 2 Ch 4:22, 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18.

III. זמר (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; DHM in MV:10, 983 comp. Ar. ذمَارُ thing to be protected, thing sacred, inviolable, Lane:978, Sab. דַמר protect; Aram. ܕܰܡܶܪ wonder at, admire, ܕܡܺܝܪܳܐ mirus, admirabilis, etc.; hence זמרת Gn 43:11 ‘die Merkwürdigkeiten des Landes’).

† II. זִמְרָה n.f. of uncertain meaning, perh. choice products (cf. DHM supr.), of various fruits, etc. מִזִּמְרַת הארץ Gn 43:11; LXX οἱ καρποί, so MV Str.; > music, or praise of the land, fig. for produce (√ I. זמר) Thes Tu Kn SS.—I. ז׳ v. sub I. זמר Uncertain in deriv. are the five foll.: —

† [זֶ֫מֶר] n.[m.] a certain animal allowed as food, most prob. some kind of mountain-sheep or -goat (SyrVer ܐܪܢܐ) וָזָמֶָר Dt 14:5. (AV RV chamois: but see Tristram:DB 2. s. v., who points out that this is not a native of any Bible land.)

† I. זִמְרִי n.pr.m. LXX Ζαμβρ(ε)ι—

1. a Simeonite Nu 25:14 (P).

2. grandson of Judah 2 Ch 2:6 (app. = זַבְדִּי Jos 7:1 q.v.)

3. king of Isr. before Omri 1 K 16:9, 16:10, 16:12, 16:15, 16:16, 16:18, 16:20, 2 K 9:31.

4. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:36, 8:36 = 9:42, 9:42.

† II. זִמְרִי n.pr.gent. vel part., only מַלְכֵי ז׳ Je 25:25 (+ מלכי עֵילָם and מלכי מָדָָי); = Σεμβρῖται in Ethiopia (Strabo:xvii, i. 786) ? cf. Gf; om. LXX; Interpol. acc. to Kue Gie.

† זִמְרָן n.pr.m. son of Abraham & Keturah, LXX Ζε(μ)βραν Gn 25:2 and 1 Ch 1:32 (LXXL here Ζεμραμ). On locality referred to v. Di.

† זְמִירָה n.pr.m. a Benjamite, 1 Ch 7:8, LXX ̓Αμαριας; LXXA, LXXL Ζαμαρια(ς).

† זַן n.[m.] (late) kind, sort (Aram. ܙܶܢ, זַן √ dub.; cf. De Ps 144:13)—מִזַּן אֶל זַן Ps 144:13 from kind to kind, i.e. all sorts, kinds; pl. וּזְנִים 2 Ch 16:14 (various) sorts.

זנב (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

† זָנָב n.m.:Ju 15:4 tail, also (fig.) end, stump (NH id., As. zibbatu Hom:NS 368, Eth. zanab: Ar. ذَنَدُ, Aram. ܕܽܘܢܒܳܐ, דּוּנְבָּא, דַּנְבָּא)—ז׳ abs. Ju 15:4, 15:4 + 5 t.; sf. זְנָבוֹ Jb 40:17; pl. זְנָבוֹת Ju 15:4; cstr. זַנְבוֹת Is 7:4; —

1. a. tail of fox Ju 15:4, 15:4, 15:4, of serpent Ex 4:4 (J), of hippopot. Jb 40:17; b. fig. of common people, opp. to rulers Is 9:13, 19:15 (in both, ראֹשׁ וְזָנָב, ‖כִּפָּה וְאַגְמוֹן; Is 9:14 is incorrect gloss); of subject-people (opp. ראֹשׁ) Dt 28:13, 28:44.

2. end, stump (of firebrand, אוּד) in metaph. Is 7:4.

† [זִנֵּב] vb.denom. Pi. cut off, or smite, the tail, only fig., of hostile attack in war; Pf. consec. 2 mpl. וְזִנַּבְתֶּם Jos 10:19 (sq. אֹתָם); Impf. 3 ms. וַיְזַנֵּב בְּךָ כָּל־הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִים Dt 25:18; in both = attack or smite in the rear.

† זָנָה vb. commit fornication, be a harlot (Ar. زَنَي commit fornication, Aram. ܙܢܳܐ, זנא; cf. Eth. zanyat: effusio seminis virilis, seman effusum, Di:1055; on this and zamawa: (comp. by Ges al.) v. Prät:BAS i. 32, Anm.)—Qal Pf. ז׳ Dt 31:16, זָֽנְתָה Gn 38:34 + 3 t., etc.; Impf. יִזְנֶ֯ה (Kt) Ez 23:43; תִּזְנֶה Lv 19:29 + 4 t.; וַתִּ֫זֶן Je 3:8, Ez 23:5; תִּזְנִי Ho 3:3; וַתִּזְנִי Je 3:6 (but rd. prob. וַתִּזֶן:וַתִּזְנִי is not Aram. form of 3 fs., v. Kö:i. 540 Kau:§ 47 g b) Ez 16:15 + 4 t.; וַתִּזְנִים Ez 16:28; יִזְנוּ (Qr) Ez 23:43; וַיִּזְנוּ Ju 8:27 + 4 t.; תִּזְנֶינָה Ho 4:13, 4:14; וַתִּזְנֶינָה Ez 23:3; Inf. abs. זָנֹה Ho 1:2; cstr. לִזְנוֹת Lv 20:5 + 3 t.; לִזְנֹת Lv 20:6; sf. בִּזְנוֹתֵךְ Ez 23:30; Pt. זוֹנֶה Ps 73:27, Ez 6:9; זֹנֶה Ho 4:15; pl. זֹנִים Lv 17:7 + 3 t.; זוֹנָה Dt 23:19 + 25 t.; זֹנָה Lv 21:7 + 2 t.; זוֹנוֹת Pr 29:3; זֹנוֹת Ho 4:14 + 4 t.—

1. be or act as a harlot, abs. Gn 38:24 (J), Dt 22:21 (D), Lv 21:9 (H), Ho 4:13, 4:14, Am 7:17; זונה + אשׁה(ה) Jos 2:1, 6:22 (J), Lv 21:7 (H), Ju 11:1, 16:1, Pr 6:26, Je 3:3, Ez 16:30, 23:44; זוֹנָה Gn 34:31, 38:15, Jos 6:17, 6:25 (all J), Dt 23:19, Lv 21:14 (H), Pr 7:10, 23:27, Is 23:15, 23:16, Jo 4:3, Mi 1:7, 1:7, Ez 16:31; נָשִׁים זֹנוֹת 1 K 3:16; נות(ו)ז 1 K 22:38, Pr 29:3, Ho 3:3, 4:14, Ez 16:33; בית זונה Je 5:7; commit fornication, man's act אל ז׳ Nu 25:1 (J); of woman's act Ju 19:2; of land given to harlotry Lv 19:29.

2. fig. of improper intercourse with foreign nations (religious reference sometimes involved) את ז׳ Is 23:17; אחרי Ez 23:30; אל Ez 16:26, 16:28, 16:28; תַזְנוּתיה זֹ׳ Ez 23:43, Na 3:4; וַתִּזֶן אָהֳלָה תַחְתָָּי and Ohola committed fornication (whilst) under me Ez 23:5 (cf. Nu 5:19).

3. of intercourse with other deities, considered as harlotry, sts. involving actual prostitution, אחרי ז׳ Ex 34:15, 34:16, Dt 31:16 (all J), Lv 17:7, 20:5, 20:5 (all H), Ju 2:17, 8:27, 8:33, 1 Ch 5:25, Ez 6:9, 20:30; after אֹבֹת, etc. Lv 20:6 (H), one's own heart & eyes Nu 15:39 (H); esp. of Isr., Judah, and Jerus. under fig. of lewd woman Ez 16:15 (abs.) v:16 (על במית), v:17 (בְ ז׳), 23:3, 23:3, 23:19 (abs.), Je 3:1 (c. acc.); v:6, v:8 (abs.); abs. elsewh. Ho 2:7, 4:15, Is 57:3, Ps 106:39; as leaving י׳, sq. מֵעַל Ho 9:1; מאחרי 1:2, 1:2; מתחת 4:12; sq. מן alone Ps 73:27; נה(ו)ז Je 2:20, Ez 16:35, 16:41; בית זונה Je 5:7; לִבָּם הַזּוֹנֶה their whorish heart Ez 6:9.

4. זונה of moral defection was not done (in going) after thee Ez 16:34 (but del. Co). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִזְנֵיתָ Ho 5:3; 3 pl. חִזְנוּ Ho 4:10, 4:18, Ex 34:16; Impf. וַיֶּ֫זֶן 2 Ch 21:11; וַתַּזְנֶה 2 Ch 21:13; Inf. abs. הַזְנֵה Ho 4:18; cstr. הַזְנוֹת 2 Ch 21:13; sf. לְהַזְנוֹתָהּ Lv 19:29. 1. cause to commit fornication: a. sexual Lv 19:29 (H). b. religious Ex 34:16 (J), 2 Ch 21:11, 21:13, 21:13. 2. commit fornication: a. sexual Ho 4:10. b. religious Ho 4:18, 4:18, 5:3.

† זְנוּנִים n.[m.] fornication, pl. abstr. intens. (O1:§ 215 a; Dl:Pr. 74, der. fr. √ זנן, As. zanânu, fill full, cf. Dl:ib. 73)—ז׳ Ho 1:2 + 5 t., cstr. זְנוּנֵי Na 3:4 + 2 t., זְנוּנַיִח Ez 23:29, זְנוּנֶיהָ Ho 2:4, Na 3:4. a, sexual Gn 38:24 (J) Ho 1:2, 1:2. b. international Na 3:4, 3:4. c. religious 2 K 9:22, Ez 23:11, 23:29, Ho 2:4, 2:6, 4:12, 5:4.

† זְנוּת n.f.abstr. fornication;—ז׳ Ho 4:11, 6:10; sf. זְנוּתֵח Je 13:27, Ez 23:27; זְנוּתָהּ Je 3:9; זְנוּתָם Ez 43:7, 43:9; זְנוּתַיִח Je 3:2; זְנוּתֵיכֶם Nu 14:38. a. sexual Ho 4:11. b. international Ez 23:27. c. religious Nu 14:33 (J) Je 3:2, 3:9, 13:27, Ez 43:7, 43:9, Ho 6:10 (where We:X1. Proph. suggests זָנִיתָ); cf. זָנָה 3.

† [תַּזְנוּת] n.f.abstr. fornication:—sf. תַּזְנוּתֵח Ez 16:20 (Kt) v:25 (Kt) v:29; תַּזְנֻתֵח Ez 16:26; תַּזְנוּתָם Ez 23:8, 23:17; תַּזְנוּתַיִח Ez 16:15, 16:34, 16:36; תַּזְנֻתַיִח Ez 16:22; תַּזְנוּתָָיִח Ez 16:20 (Qr) v:25 (Qr) v:33, 23:29, 23:35; תַּזְנוּתֶיהָ Ez 23:7, 23:8, 23:11, 23:14, 23:18, 23:19, 23:43. These are all international mingled with religious references.

† I. זָנַח vb. reject, spurn (perh. cf. As. zinû, be angry, esp. of gods Gu:§ 105 Zim:BP 23 ff.)—Qal Pf. ז׳ Ho 8:3, 8:5, La 2:7; זָנַחְתָּ Ps 44:10 + 2 t.; sf. זְנַחְתָָּנִי Ps 43:2; זְנַחְתָּנוּ Ps 60:3, 60:12, 108:12; זְנַחְתִּים Zc 10:6; Impf. יִזְנַח Ps 77:8, La 3:31; תִּזְנַח Ps 44:24 + 2 t.;—reject, Isr. rejects good Ho 8:3; Samaria's calf rejects her Ho 8:5 (others make י׳ subj.; We:Kl. Proph. rds. אזנת I reject), elsewh. God rejects people Ps 43:2, 60:3, 77:8, 88:15, Zc 10:6; לָנֶחַח Ps 44:24, 74:1; לעולם La 3:31; ולא תחא בחבאתינו ז׳ Ps 44:10, 60:12, 108:12; נַפְשִׁי מִשָּׁלוֹם La 3:17; king Ps 89:39; altar La 2:7. Hiph. Pf. הִזְנִיחַ 2 Ch 29:19; sf. הִזְנִיחָם 2 Ch 11:14; 3 pl. הֶאֶזְנִיחוּ Is 19:6, v. II. זנח; Impf. יַזְנִיחֲךָ 1 Ch 28:9; —(late) reject (= earlier Qal), Jeroboam rejects the Levites מכהן לי׳ 2 Ch 11:14; Ahaz the sacred vessels 2 Ch 29:19; י׳ rejects Solomon 1 Ch 28:9.

† II. [זָנַח] stink, emit stench (cf. Ar. زَنَخَ become rancid, of oil, etc., Lane);—only Hiph. Pf. 3 mpl. הֶאֶזְנִיחוּ נְהָרוֹת rivers stink Is 19:6 (rd. הִזְנִיחוּ Ges:§ 53, 6 O1:§ 255 b Sta:§ 420 a Kö:i. 293; but Ew:§ 123 b De Di derive from elative אַזְנָח or אֶזְנָח).

זָנוֹחַ n.pr.loc. 1. Zanuï‘a, SE. Ṣorea (Rob:BR ii. 61 Bd:Pal 163) Jos 15:34, Ne 3:13, 11:30, 1 Ch 4:18. 2. a place in the mts. Jos 15:56, possibly Zânûta, SW. of Hebron, Guêrin:Judêe iii. 200 Survey iii. 404; but Di thinks this is too far south.

† [זָנַק] vb. only Pi. leap (NH זִנֵּק cause to spring, spurt; Aram. ܙܢܰܩ throw, shoot, also bind)—Impf. 3 ms. יְזַנֵּק מִן־הַבָּשָׁן Dt 33:22 he leapeth forth from Bashan (of Dan under fig. of lion's whelp).

† זֵעָה v. יָזַע. p. 402

זְעָוָה v. זְוָעָה sub זוּעַ. p. 266

† זַעֲוָן n.pr.m. a descendant (branch or tribe) of Seir (LXX Ζουκαμ, but Ζαυαν LXXL 1 Ch 1:42; Sam. זוען)—Gn 36:27 = 1 Ch 1:42. p. 266

† [זָעַךְ] vb. extinguish, only Niph. be extinguished יָמַי נִזְעָָכוּ Jb 17:1 (‖רוּחִי חֻבָָּלָה). Elsewhere always דעך (q.v.), and so in cogn. languages. Prob. error for נדעכו.

† זָעַם vb. be indignant (cf. Aram. (rare) ܙܥܰܡ blame, & n. ܙܽܘܥܡܳܐ; Ar. تَزَغَّمَ onomatop., of roar of camel, angry speech, v. Frey, De on Ps 7:12)—Pf. ז׳ Nu 23:8 + 3 t.; זָעַמְתָּה Zc 1:12; Impf. אֶזְעֹם Nu 23:8; 3 pl. sf. יִזְעָמוּהוּ Pr 24:24; Imv. זֹעֲמָה Nu 23:7 (for זָֽעָמֳה Ges:§ 64, (2)); Pt. act. זֹעֵם Ps 7:12; pass. cstr. זְעוּם Pr 22:14; f. זְעוּמָה Mi 6:10; —

1. be indignant, have indignation, of hostile prince עַל בְּרִית קוֹדֶשׁ Dn 11:30; elsewhere of Yahweh, who is אֵל זֹעֵם Ps 7:12 (‖שׁוֹפֵט), c. acc. of enemy Is 66:14; cities of Judah Zc 1:12; people Mal 1:4; a man Pr 22:14.

2. express indignation in speech, denounce, curse ‖יִקְּבֻהוּ Pr 24:24; ‖אֶקֹּב and אָֽרָה־ Nu 23:7, 23:8, 23:8 (E); זְעוּמָה אֵיפַת רָזוֹן Mi 6:10 an ephah of scantiness, denounced, or cursed. Niph. Pt. pl. פָּנִים נִזְעָמִים Pr 25:23 face stirred with indignation.

† זַ֫עַם n.m.:Is 10:25 indignation;—ז׳ Is 10:25 + 7 t.; זָעַָם Is 26:20 + 2 t.; sf. זַעְמִי Is 10:5 + 3 t.; זַעַמְךָ Ps 102:11; זַעְמֶָךָ Ps 38:4, 69:25; זַעְמוֹ Is 13:5 + 3 t.;—indignation of men Ho 7:16, Je 15:17; elsewh. of י׳ Is 26:20, 30:27, Na 1:6, Hb 3:12, Ps 38:4, 102:11, Dn 11:36; ‖חרון אף Ps 69:25 Zp 3:8; ‖עברה Ps 78:49, Ez 21:36, 22:31; ‖קחף Je 10:10, Ps 102:11; ‖אף Is 10:5, 10:25, 30:27; cf. בזעם אפו La 2:6; על שׁפך ז׳ Ps 69:25, Ez 21:36, 22:31, Zp 3:8; כְּלֵי זַעַם Is 13:5, Je 50:25; יום זעם Ez 22:24; אחרית הזעם Dn 8:19.

† [זָעַף] vb. be out of humour, vexed; be enraged (Aram. ܙܙܥܰܦ rage against, זְעַף to storm, זַעֲפָא storm; cf. Sam. z9p blow, breathe)—Qal Impf. יִזְעַף Pr 19:3; וַיִּזְעַף 2 Ch 26:19; Inf. זַעְפּוֹ 2 Ch 26:19; Pt. pl. זֹעֲפִים Gn 40:6, Dn 1:10; —

1. be out of humour Gn 40:6 (E); dejected, of face Dn 1:10; sq. עַל Pr 19:3 fret against (AV).

2. be enraged (late: cf. Aram. above) 2 Ch 26:19; sq. עִם v:19.

† זַ֫עַף n.m. storming, raging, rage (poet. and late)—ז׳ abs. 2 Ch 16:10, 28:9; cstr. Is 30:30 + 2 t.; sf. זַעְפּוֹ Jon 1:15; —

1. rage of king, leading to violence Pr 19:12 (‖כּפִיר), 2 Ch 16:10 (עִמּוֹ עַל־זאת בְּ׳; ‖כעס), 28:9; אַף ז׳ Is 30:30 raging of anger (of י׳); י׳ ז׳ Mi 7:9.

2. raging of sea Jon 1:15.

† זָעֵף adj. out of humour, vexed, only of Ahab 1 K 20:43, 21:4 (‖סַר).

† [זָעַק] vb. cry, cry out, call (‖ form of חעק q.v.; Ar. زَعَقَ, Aram. ܙܥܰܩ)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְזָעָָקָה 2 S 13:19; 1 S. זָעַקְתִּי Ps 142:6; 3 pl. זָֽעֲקוּ Ju 6:7 + 3 t.; וְזָעֲקוּ consec. Ju 11:11 + 2 t.; 2 mpl. וּזְעַקְתֶּם consec. 1 S 8:18; Impf. 3 ms. יִזְעָָק Is 15:5; וַיִּזְעַק 1 S 7:9 + 5 t., etc.; Imv. זְעַק Ez 21:17; fs. זַעֲקְי־ Is 14:31, cf. Je 48:20 Kt; וְזַעֲקוּ Ju 10:14 + 2 t.; וּזְעָָקוּ Je 48:20 Qr; Inf. cstr. מִזְּעֹק 1 S 7:8; וְלִזְעֹק 2 S 19:29; sf. זַעְקֶָךָ Is 30:19; בְּזַעְקֵךְ Is 57:13 (O1:§ 245 b Ges:§ 61. 1. R 1);—

1. call, to one's aid, sq. acc. pers. Ju 12:2.

2. cry, cry out, in need: a. unto God (י׳), sq. אֶל־ Ju 3:9, 3:15, 6:6, 6:7, 10:10, 1 S 7:8, 7:9 (+ בעד of intercession), 12:8, 12:10, 15:11, Mi 3:4, Je 11:11, Hb 1:2 (c. acc. חמס, cf. Ho 8:2 infr.), 2 Ch 20:9, Ps 22:6, 107:13, 107:19, 142:6, Jo 1:14; sq. אֶל־י׳ + בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹל Ne 9:4; + קוֹלִי Ps 142:2 (‖התחנן); + בְּלִבָּם Ho 7:14 (opp. הֵילִיל); sq. לְ Ho 8:2 (+ obj. of words uttered), 1 Ch 5:20; sq. sf. Ne 9:28; sq. הַשָּׁמַיִם (without divine name) 2 Ch 32:20 (‖התפלל); abs., but with implication of cry to י׳ 1 S 8:18, Is 30:19. b. unto other gods, sq. אֶל־ Ju 10:14, Je 11:12, Jon 1:5. c. unto king, sq. אֶל־ 2 S 19:29. d. abs., utterance of horror, anxiety, alarm, distress, sorrow, etc. 1 S 4:13, 5:10, 28:12 (+ בקול גדול), 2 S 13:19, 19:5 (+ קול גדול), 1 K 22:32 = 2 Ch 18:31, Is 15:4, 26:17, 57:13, Je 20:8 (‖קרא, cf. Hb 1:2 supr.), La 3:8 (‖אֲשַׁוֵּעַ) Ez 9:8, 11:13, 27:30; also of cry heard by God Ex 2:23 (P); sq. לְ of that in behalf of, or for which one cries Is 15:5, Je 48:31; so sq. עַל־ Je 30:15; sq. acc. cogn. זְעָקָה Est 4:1; ‖היליל Je 47:2; and esp. Imv. Is 14:31, Je 25:34, 48:20, Ez 21:17. e. cry out against one, sq. עַל־ Jb 31:38 if my land cry out against me (‖יִבְכָּיוּן); cf. also (abs., and without prep.) Hb 2:11 the stone shall cry out of (מִן) the wall. Niph. Pf. 2 ms. נִזְעָָקְתָּ Ju 18:23; 3 mpl. נִזְעֲקוּ Ju 18:22; Impf. וַיִּזָּעֵק Ju 6:34 + 2 t.; וַיִּזָּעֲקוּ Jos 8:16; —be called together, assemble, join Jos 8:16 (JE), Ju 18:22, 18:23, 1 S 14:20; sq. אַחֲרָיו Ju 6:34, 6:35 assembled after him, i.e. joined him as his followers. Hiph. Impf. וַיַּזְעֵק Ju 4:10 + 3 t.; יַזְעִיקוּ Jb 35:9; Imv. הַזְעֶק־ 2 S 20:4; Inf. cstr. לְהַזְעִיק 2 S 20:5; —1. call, call out, or together, for military service, sq. acc. Ju 4:10, 4:13, 2 S 20:4, 20:5. 2. make a crying Jb 35:9 (יְשַׁוְּעוּ in ‖ cl.)

3. have proclamation made ויאמר ויז׳ Jon 3:7.

4. call out to, or at, sq. acc. וַיַּזְעֵק אֹתִי וַיְדַבֵּר Zc 6:8 (si vera l.; Gr queries וַיָּעַר ?).

† זְעָקָה n.f. cry, outcry, abs. ז׳ Je 18:22 + 5 t.; cstr. זַעֲקַת Gn 18:20 + 3 t.; sf. זַעֲקָתִי Jb 16:18; זַעֲקָתָם Is 15:5 + 3 t.;—

1. outcry, against, זַעֲקַת סְדֹם וגו׳ Gn 18:20 (J).

2. cry of distress, concerning something זַעֲקַת־שֶׁבֶר Is 15:5 (obj. of יְעֹעֵָרוּ; cf. בִּבְכִי in prev. cl.); abs. v:8 (subj. of הִקִּיפָה, ‖יְלָלָה); Je 18:22 (תִּשָּׁמַע ז׳), 20:16, 48:4, 50:46, Ne 5:6, 9:9 (all c. שׁמע), Je 48:34 (jointed with נתן קול), Jb 16:18, Est 9:31 (lamentation), cf. 4:1 (גְּדוֹלָה וּמָרָה ז׳, acc. cogn. c. זעק); specif. זעקת־דָָּל Pr 21:13 cry of poor; קול ז׳ Is 65:19 (‖קול בכי), Je 51:54, Ez 27:28.

3. outcry, clamour זעקת מושׁל בַּכְּ סִילִים Ec 9:17 (opp. דברי חכמים בְּנַחַת נשׁמעים).

זער (Ar. زَعِرَ be scanty, of hair, plumage, etc.; Aram. ܙܥܰܪ, זְעַר be or grow small; cf. חער).

† זְעֵיר n.[m.] a little (diminutive form O1:§ 180 Lag:BN 85)—

1. of quantity, amount (of instruction) שָׁם שָׁם ז׳ ז׳ Is 28:10, 28:13 (in both ‖חַו, קַו).

2. of time, וַאֲחַוֶּ֑ךָּ כַּתַּר־לִי ז׳ Jb 36:2.

† מִזְעָר n.[m.] a little, a trifle, a few.

1. of time עוֹד מְעַט מִזְעָָר Is 10:25, 29:17 yet a trifle, a little = a very little while.

2. of number מְעַט מִזְעָר שְׁאָר Is 16:14 a remnant, a very few (opp. לוֹא כַּ בִּיר). In Is:3 without מעט:—ונשׁאר אנושׁ:מִזְעָֽר Is 24:6.

† [זִפְרֹן] n.pr.loc. only c. ה loc. זִפְרֹ֫נָה Nu 34:9, place on northern boundary of Canaan; LXX Δεφρωνα, ̓Εφρωνα; LXXL Ζεφρωνα; site dub., Wetzst:Hauran 88 prop. Ζιφρἀν, NE. fr. Damascus; Furrer:ZPV viii. 28 Bd:Pal 397 (‘ perh. ’) Zaï‘ferâne, between Ḥumṣ and Hamath; Di rejects both.

† זֶ֫פֶת n.f.:Is 34:9 pitch (cf. on format. Ol:§ 164 c) Sta:§ 187 a. Word is Armenian acc. to Lag:Arm. Stud. 1351, BN 219; on Egypt. deriv. cf. Cook:Speaker's Comm. i. 484; Ar. زفتُ acc. to Frä:151, if Shemit., is Aram. loan-wd.; v. also Eth. zft: Di:1068)—pitch:—וַתַּחְמְרָה בַחֵמָר וּבַזָּ֑פֶת Ex 2:3 of ark of bulrushes; Is 34:9 a וְנֶחֶפְכוּ נְחָלֶיהָ לְזֶפֶת וַעֲפָרָהּ לְגָפְרִָית, v:9 b :והיתה אַרְחָהּ לְזֶפֶת בֹּעֵרָֽה.

† I. [זֵק] n.[m.] missile, spark (√ dub.; cf. NH זִיקִין fiery arrows, Aram. זִיקָא id., זִיקוּקָא id. + spark, ܙܺܝܩܳܐ shooting star, ray of light, ܙܺܝܩܬܳܐ shooting star)—only pl. זִקִּים of (fire- ?) missiles Pr 26:18 (‖חִצִּים, c. ירה); so זִיקוֹת sparks, brands (as leaping, springing, forth ?) מְאַזְּרֵי ז׳ (v. אזר) Is 50:11 (‖קֹדְחֵי אֵשׁ), בִּעַרְתֶּם ז׳ v:11 (‖אוּר אֶשְׁכֶם).

II. [זֵק], זִקִּים fetters, v. sub II. זקק. p. 279

זקן (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

† זָקָן n.m.:2 S 10:5 + and f.:Is 15:2 + chin, beard (As. ziḳnu, Asrb:Annals iv. 29; Ar. ذَقَنُ, Aram. דְּקַן, ܕܩܶܢ)—abs. ז׳ Lv 13:20 +; cstr. זְקַן 2 S 20:9 +; sf. זְקָנִי Ezr 9:3; זְקָנֶ֑ךָ Lv 19:27, Ez 5:1; זְקָנוֹ 1 S 21:14 + 2 t.; זְקַנְכֶם 2 S 10:5, 1 Ch 19:5; זְקָנָם 2 S 10:4, Lv 21:5; never. pl.—

1. chin (opp. ראֹשׁ, top of head) Lv 13:29, 13:30, 14:9 (all P), 2 S 20:9, Ez 5:1; cf. also 1 S 21:14, Ps 133:4 (where however chin as bearded may be meant); chin, or lower jaw, of lion and bear 1 S 17:35.

2. beard, as growing (חמח) 2 S 10:5 = 1 Ch 19:5; as cut off Is 7:20 (ספה), 15:2 = Je 48:37 (גרע); cf. מְגֻלְּחֵי זָקָן Je 41:5, 2 S 10:4 (גלח); שׂער ראשׁי זּזְקָנִי Ezr 9:3; here belongs (ך)פאת זקנ Lv 19:27, 21:5 (both H; opp. ראשׁ).

† זָקֵן vb. be or become old (cf., acc. to Thes, Ar. ذَقُونُ a she-camel that lets her lower lip hang down, v. Lane:968; ذِقْنُ decrepit man)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. זָקֵן Gn 18:12 + 14 t. (often hard to disting. fr. pred. adj. זָקֵן q.v.); 3 fs. זָֽקְנָה Pr 23:22; 2 ms. זָקַנְתָּ 1 S 8:5; זָקַ֫נְתָּה Jos 13:1; 1 S. זָקַנְתִּי Jos 23:2 + 3 t.; זָקַנְ֑תִּי Gn 18:13, 27:2; Impf. וַיִּזְקַן 2 Ch 24:15; —be (or become) old Gn 18:12, 18:13, 19:31, 27:1, 27:2 (all J), 1 S 2:22, 4:18, 8:1, 8:5, 12:2, 17:12, 2 S 19:33, 1 K 1:1, 1:15, 2 K 4:14; also Gn 24:1 (‖בא בימים), so Jos 13:1, 13:1, 23:1, 23:2 (‖ here בָּאתִי בימים), 1 Ch 23:1 (‖שָׂבַע ימים), 24:15 (‖ id.); Pr 23:22, Ps 37:25 (opp. ‖היה נער); note esp. זָקַנְתִּי מִהְיוֹת לאישׁ Ru 1:12 I am too old to belong to a man (husband). Hiph. only Impf. 3 ms. יַזְקִין inchoat. shew age, grow old = senescere Ew:§ 122 c, cf. Di; of youth Pr 22:6; of tree-root Jb 14:8.

זָקֵן adj. old, abs. ז׳ Gn 19:4 + 30 t. (on distinct. fr. vb. v. supr.); cstr. זְקַן Gn 24:2; pl. זְקֵנִים Gn 18:11 + 44 t.; זְקֵנוֹת Zc 8:4; cstr. זִקְנֵי Gn 50:7 + 85 t.; sf. זְקֵנַי La 1:19, זְקֵנֶיךָ Dt 21:2, 32:7, זְקֵנָיו Jos 8:33 + 3 t., זְקֵנֶיהָ Ju 8:14, זְקֵנֵינוּ Ex 10:9, Jos 9:11, זִקְנֵיכֶם Dt 5:20 + 2 t.;—

1. old, of human beings, as adj. pred. Gn 18:11 (J), Jb 32:4 (מִמֶּנּוּ לְיָמִים ז׳, in compar.), or attrib. אָב זָקֵן Gn 44:20 (J), אִישׁ ז׳ Ju 19:16, 19:17, 19:20, 19:22, נָבִיא ז׳ 1 K 13:11, 13:25, 13:29, מֶלֶךְ ז׳ Ec 4:13; prob. also וּשְׂבַע ימים ז׳ Gn 35:29 (P), Jb 42:17 and Gn 25:8 (P) acc. to LXX Sam Di; cf. also Ezr 3:12.

2. usu. as subst.: a. old man (or woman), b. elder; a. old man Gn 43:27 (J), Lv 19:32 (H), Dt 28:50, 32:7 (‖אָב), 1 S 2:31, 2:32, 28:14, Is 47:6, Jb 12:20, 32:9, Pr 17:6, 20:29, Ps 119:100, Jo 1:2; old men and old women Zc 8:4, 8:4; cf. זְקַן בֵּיתוֹ Gn 24:2 (J), זִקְנֵי בֵיתוֹ 2 S 12:17; esp. opp. נַעַר Ex 10:9 (E), Is 3:5, 20:4, Je 51:22, La 2:21, Ps 148:12, and in phr. מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקֵן Gn 19:4 (J), Jos 6:21 (JE), Est 3:13; opp. ילדים 1 K 12:6, 12:8, 12:13 = 2 Ch 10:6, 10:8, 10:13; opp. בַּחוּרִים Je 31:13, Ez 9:6, Jo 3:1, cf. 2 Ch 36:17 (+ יָשֵׁשׁ) and Je 6:11 (+ מְלֵא ימים); opp. עוּל ימים Is 65:20; opp. יונקי שׁדים and עוללים Jo 2:16. b. usu. pl. elders, as having authority, term techn. (100 t. +); elders of a people, esp. Israel Ex 3:16, 3:18, 12:21 (all J), 17:5, 17:6, 18:12, 19:7, 24:1, 24:9, 24:14, Jos 24:1 (all E), Nu 11:16, 11:16 (שֹׁטְרָיו), v:24, v:25, v:30, 16:25, Jos 7:6, 8:10, 9:11 (all JE), Dt 5:20 (‖רָאשֵׁי שִׁבְטֵיכֶם), 27:1, 29:9 (‖ראשׁי שׁבטיכם, שֹׁטְרֵיכֶם), 31:9, 31:28, Jos 8:33 (‖שֹׁטְרִים וְשֹׁפְטָיו), 23:2 (‖רָאשׁיו, שֹׁפְטָיו, שֹׁטְרָיו); cf. also prob. Jos 24:31 = Ju 2:7 (all D); Lv 9:1, cf. זִקְנֵי הָעֵדָה Lv 4:15 († both P), Ju 21:16; see also 1 S 4:3, 8:4, 15:30, 2 S 3:17, 5:3 = 1 Ch 11:3, 2 S 17:4, 17:15, 1 K 8:1, 8:3 = 2 Ch 5:2, 5:4, also 1 Ch 15:25, 21:16; cf. Is 3:2 (גִּבּוֹר וְאִישׁ מִלְחָמָָה שׁוֹפֵט וְנָבִיא וְקֹסֵם וְז׳), 9:14 (‖נְשׂוּא־פָנִים, but v. prob. gloss, cf. Ew Che Di Du al.); elders of one tribe (Judah) 1 S 30:26, 2 S 19:12, so of Gilead Ju 11:5, 11:7, 11:8, 11:9, 11:10, 11:11; after the division of the kingdoms, of N. Isr. זקני הארץ 1 K 20:7 cf. v:8, also 2 K 6:32, 6:32, 10:1 (‖שָׂרִים etc.) cf. v:5; under Josiah זקני יְהוּדָה 2 K 23:1 = 2 Ch 34:29; see also הארץ ז׳ Je 26:17, cf. זקני ארץ Pr 31:23, cf. La 1:19, 2:10, 4:16, 5:12, 5:14 (‖שׂרים; + שַׁעַר); oft. in Ezek.: Ez 7:26 (‖כהן), of Judah 8:1, of Isr. 8:11, 8:12, 14:1, 20:1, 20:3, also 9:6 (but del. Co). Exil. הַגּוֹלָה ז׳ Je 29:1 (‖הכהנים, הנביאים); post-exil. Ezr 10:8 (‖שׂרים), poss. also Jo 1:14; elders of י׳ Is 24:23 (cf. Ex 24:1, 24:9), זִקְנֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים 2 K 19:2 = Is 37:2, so Je 19:1 (‖זקני העם); of other peoples, Midian Nu 22:4, 22:7, Moab v:7 (all E), Egypt Ps 105:22 (‖שׂרים); of Gebal Ez 27:9; elders of a city, esp. as sitting in the gate to judge Dt 19:12, 21:2 (+ שֹׁפְטֶיךָ) v:3, v:4, v:6, v:19 (+ שַׁעַר־מְקֹמוֹ), v:20, 22:15 (+ הַשָָּׁעְרָה), v:16, v:17, v:18, 25:7 (+ הַשַּׁ֫עֲרָה), v:8, v:9 (all in Dt. code, and only so therein), Ru 4:2, 4:4, 4:9, 4:11 (cf. שַׁעַר v:1, v:11), מוֹשַׁב זְקֵנִים Ps 107:32 (‖קְהַל־עָָם); Ju 8:14 (‖שׂרים), v:16, 1 S 11:3, 16:4, 1 K 21:8, 21:11, Ezr 10:14.