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ל

ל, twelfth letter; used as numeral 30 in postB. Heb.

לְ prep. to, for, in regard to (Moab. Ph. ל, Aram. לְ, ܠ Arab. لِ Eth. la: As. la in lapân = לִפְנֵי, Dl:HWB 530), before tone-syllables usu. לָ (Ko:ii. 276 f.); with suff. לִי; לְְ, לְכָה † Gn 27:37, 2 S 18:22, Is 3:6, לְָָ; f. לָךְ, לֵכִי † 2 K 4:2, Ct 2:13 Kt (prob. N. Pal. dialect : cf. Syr. ܠܶܟܺ); לוֹ (15 t., acc. to Mas., written incorrectly לאֹ: v. לאֹ note); לָהּ; לָהַ † Nu 32:42, Zc 5:11, Ru 2:14, לָ֫נוּ; לָכֶם לָכֶ֫נָה † Ez 13:18 (לָכֶן does not occur); לָהֶם, poet. לָ֫מוֹ (55 t., incl. a few cases where, acc. to many, it stands for לוֹ: cf. Ges:§ 103. 2a, n. Di:Is 44:15, 53:8), [also לָהֵ֫מָּה † Je 14:16]; לָהֶן [לָהֵן (q.v.) † Ru 1:13, 1:13, לָהֵ֫נָּה 5 t., v. הֵמָּה]. Prep. denoting direction (not properly motion, as אֶל) towards, or reference to; and hence used in many varied applications, in some of which the idea of direction predominates, in others that of reference (cf. Giesebrecht:Die Präp. Lamed, 1876):—

1. very often, with various classes of verbs, to, towards, for: viz. a. verbs of looking, listening, attending, waiting, etc., as האמין, התחֹלל, יחל, הוחיל, נכסף, כלה (Ps 84:3 + ), אזן, הטה, לב (שׁת, הכין, נטה)נתן , קִוָּה, הקשׁיב, שׁמע (sts.), חמא to thirst for (Ex 17:3, Ps 42:3), השׁתחוה (to Gn 37:10, towards Ps 99:5); sts. also with האזין, הביט, נִבַּט, ראה, נפשׁ, נשׂא (see these verbs; many are also construed with other preps.); Is 51:6. Ps 44:21; pregn. Is 38:14; השׁתאה ל † Gn 24:21, החרישׁל Nu 30:5, 30:8: sts. without a vb., as Ju 5:9 לִבִּי לְ, Je 5:3 עיניך ל, Ps 33:18 (‖אל), 39:8 תוחלתי לך היא, 120:7 המה למלחמה, 130:6 נפשׁי לאדני (cf. Is 26:8), 143:6, Dn 11:27, 2 Ch 3:13, 32:2. b. with verbs of saying, calling, singing, vowing, sacrificing, etc., as אמר, דבר (chiefly with God as subj. = promise, Gn 24:7, 1 K 5:26 + , esp. in D כאשׁר דבר לְ Dt 1:11 (v. Dr), v:21 etc.; with human subj. Gn 49:28, Ju 14:7, 1 K 2:19 al. (Gie:42f.: דבר אל is more common), זבח, זמּר, הודה, הגיד, נדר, נשׂא יד (in oath) Ez 20:5, 20:6, 20:23, Ps 106:26, קִטֵר, הריע, נשׁבע, שָׁר etc. c. with vbs. of giving, leaving, bringing, offering etc., as הביא, הִפִּיל allot (Jos 13:6), נתן, הסגיר, עזב Ps 16:9 abandon to Sheol Is 18:6, הקריבּ Lv 17:4, שׁוב = to be returned Dt 28:31, השׁיב = bring back 22:1, = requite 2 S 16:12, שִׁלַּח, etc. d. with vbs. of dealing, acting towards (whether with friendly or hostile intent), as עשׂה ל Gn 19:8 + oft., גמל ל Is 3:9, so with הֵייטִב, הֵרַע, הֵמַר, חָטָא to sin against (Gn 20:9 +), אָשָׁם to be guilty towards (Lv 5:19), שַׁקֵּר, כִּחֵשׁ to lie to, כִּזֵּב; with vbs. of mocking or laughing against, at, as לעג לְ Ps 2:4, שׂחק לְ 37:13, שׂמח לְ to rejoice over 35:19, Ez 35:15, caus. שִׂמַּח לְ Ps 30:2, עלץ לְ † 25:2: with other verbs denoting hostility (less common than ב or על), Gn 27:42 מתנחם לך להרגך, 2 K 5:7, Ex 11:7 (so Jos 10:21: cf. Jb 16:9), Je 25:31, 50:9, Ps 7:14, 37:12, 56:3, 106:16 קנא לְ (usu. In good sense, 5 g c)Jb 20:27, 34:37. And with adjj., as Ps 73:1 טוב ל good to, Gn 13:13 רָעִים וְחַטָּאִים לי׳ towards י׳ 2 S 22:24 תָּמִים לוֹ (‖ Ps 18:24 עִמּוֹ), Ps 89:29 נֶאֱמֶנֶת לוֹ; with subst. (rare) Ex 32:12, La 3:60 (syn. v:61 על). e. with words denoting what is pleasurable or the reverse, as נעם לְ 2 S 1:26, ערב ל Ho 9:4, יֵמַר לְ Is 24:7, טוֹב לְ (adj.) 1 S 1:8, נָקֵל לְ 2 K 20:10, also הועיל ל סכן ל to be profitable to; and with neuter vbs., to denote the subj. of a sensation or emotion, as טוֹב לְ to be well to (with), Dt 5:30, 19:13 + , מַר לְ Ru 1:13, חַר לְ 1 S 13:6 + oft., כְּרֹב לְ Ho 10:1, רָוַח לְ 1 S 16:23, חַם לְ to be warm to, 1 K 1:1, רַע לְ Ps 106:32, חָרָה לְ it was hot (= anger arose) to Gn 4:6 + oft., חָֽשְׁכָה לְ Mi 3:6. And with pass. Vbs., נִסְלַח לוֹ it is forgiven to him=he is forgiven Lv 4:26 + oft.; otherwise rare, נִרְחָה לְ 1:4, נִרְפָּא לָנוּ it is healed to us = we are healed Is 53:5, הוּנַח ל La 5:5, יְבֻלַּע לְ 2 S 17:16 (v. Dr). f. with verbs of reaching to, touching , attaching etc., as אסר ל to bind to, חבשׁ, דבק Ps 44:26, מחא to reach to Is 10:10, 10:14, Ps 21:9, הגיע Ex 4:25, נחמד Nu 25:5, קרוב (adj.) Ru 2:20, out of connexion with a vb. (almost = עַד), Jos 16:1, Ps 59:14, Jb 28:3, Ne 3:15, 2 Ch 33:14, and correl. to מִן (v. מִן 5). g. with vbs. of motion,as הלך, בא שָׁב etc. (not so common as אל, or the simple acc. with or without ה loc.)—(a)with places, rare in early prose, Jos 1:15, 8:14, Ju 1:34, 20:10 (but v. GFM), 1 S 9:12, 20:25, 2 K 3:27, exc. in partic. phrases, viz. למקומו Gn 18:33, לדרכו 32:2, לאהליו 1 S 4:10 (also with other sfs.: all these + oft., esp. with שׂוב and הלך, or preceded by distrib. אישׁ; (ך)לאהליו, also, without vb., as exclam., 2 S 20:1, 1 K 12:16), לארחו Gn 30:25+ , אִישׁ לִירֻשָּׁתוֹ Dt 3:20, אישׁ לנחלתו Jo 24:28 + , אישׁ לעירו 1 S 8:22, Ne 13:10: oft. In late Heb., as Jb 4:5, 1 Ch 4:39, 4:42, 5:26, 12:1, 12:9, 22:18, 24:19, 2 Ch 1:3, 8:17 +oft. Chr, Ezr 2:68 + , Ne 10:35 ff. Est 6:4, Ps 96:8, 132:7, 146:4: לירושׁלם Je 3:17 b (om. LXX), Zc 1:16, and oft. Ch Ezr Ne (as 2 Ch 11:14, 19:1, 30:3, 30:11), לשׁמרון 2 Ch 18:2, 28:8, 28:9, לבבל Je 51:2, Ezr 2:1, 1 Ch 9:1, 2 Ch 36:7 (but earlier always ירושׁלם, שׁמרון, בבל or בבלה); and poet. Ju 5:11, Is 22:1, 23:17, 49:18, 51:14, (pregn.) ימות לשׁחת, 59:20, 60:4, 60:5, 60:7, 65:12, Je 31:17, 48:15, 50:27, Mi 1:12, Zc 9:12, Ps 7:8, 68:19, 74:3, Ct 4:16, 5:1, 6:2, 7:13, נשׁכימה לכרמים, Jb 10:19, 20:6; הוחיא לְ Ps 18:20, 66:12, לאור Mi 7:9, Jb 12:22. יוּבַל ל Ho 10:6 + : without a vb., Is 23:5, Ho 7:12. Also לָאָרֶץ, with many vbs., both in sense down to the earth, Is 14:12, 21:9, 28:2, Am 3:14, 5:7, Ez 26:11, Ps 7:6, +, c. חִלֵּל (pregn.) 74:7, 89:40, and idiom. c. ישׁב to sit on the earth, Is 3:26, 47:1, Jb 2:13 +, without vb. Is 26:9: so לֶעָפָר Jb 7:21, Ps 7:6, הוריד לשׁחת Ez 28:8. (b) with persons, not very common, Dt 32:35, Is 31:6, 57:9, Je 3:22, אָתָנוּ לָָךְ, Ps 45:15, 119:79, Jb 18:14, 1 Ch 12:16, Ne 6:19, לְעַמִּי Nu 24:14, Ru 1:10, בא לְ, esp. with pron. לְְ, לָהּ etc. (friendly) 2 S 12:4, Zc 9:9, Am 6:1, (hostile) 2 S 5:23, Je 46:22, 49:9, 50:26, 51:48; 51:53; with athing as subj. Dt 33:16, (לראשׁ), 2 S 24:13, Is 47:9, Jb 3:25, (cf. Is 66:4), Je 4:12, not found22:33, בְּבאֹ לָךְ חֲבָלִים (so Ho 13:13, Is 66:7). And with vbs. of placing (where עַל would be more usu.) Ps 21:4 תָּשִׁית לְראֹשׁוֹ עֲטֶרֶת פָּז, 22:16, 66:12, with לְכִסֵּא Ps 9:5, 132:11, 132:12, Jb 36:7: cf. נָפַל לְאַפָּיוּ, הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה, Gn 48:12 + (also עַל א׳). h. expressing direction towards (without contact), לאחור backwards Je 7:24, לַחוּץ outwards Ps 41:7, למעלה upwards, למטה downwards; to scatter לכל רוח Je 49:32 cf. v:36, Ez 5:10 +, (שׁמים לארבע רוחות Ez 42:20, Dn 8:8, 11:4, 1 Ch 9:24: of the points of the compass (without vb.) …לִפְאַת towards the quarter of (the N., S., etc.) Ex 26:18 + oft. P (so Ez 47:15), לדרום למזרח etc. (late: earlier ממזרח, or מזרחה etc.) Ez 40:23, 41:11, 41:14, 42:4, Ne 3:26, 1 Ch 5:9, 6:63, 7:28, 12:15, 26:16–18, 2 Ch 31:14, למדבר 2 Ch 20:24; also (peculiarly) 1 S 14:40, 1 K 20:38, 2 K 11:11. i. expressing addition (rare); Is 28:10, 28:13 חַו לָחַו קַו לָקַו, 56:8 (resuming על), Ec 7:27 אחת לאחת (adding) one to another, Ezr 8:24, Ne 11:17 (על is more usual in this sense).

2. Expressing locality, at, near, idiom. in the phrases לִפְנֵי = before (sts. after vbs. of motion, as 1 K 1:23, but very oft. otherwise), לְעֵינֵי in the sight of, לְיַד, לִימִין, לִשְׂמאֹל (only Ec 10:2), לפתח at the entrance (of), Gn 4:7, Nu 11:10 +; in other, rarer connexions, Nu 20:24 …לְמֵי (usu. על), Ju 5:16 (‖ v:15 ב), לְחוֹף † Gn 49:13, 49:13, Ju 5:17, לְפִי † Ps 141:7, Pr 8:3, Ho 5:1 לְמִחְפָּה, 2 Ch 35:15. לִפְנִימָה = within, 1 K 6:30, Ez 40:16.

3. To denote the object of a vb.—a. with the Hif., mostly of intrans. vbs., properly (as it seems) a dat. commodi, as הֵנִיחַ לְ to give rest to, הִרְחִיב to give width to, הֵחַר לְ, הֵחִיק לְ, exceptionally also with other words, as הִרְגִּיוּ, הוֹכִיחַ, הִחְדִּיק to give righteousness to, Is 53:11, הֶחֱיָה Gn 45:7, הֵבִין give understanding to (late), הִחְלִיחַ (do.), הִרְבָּה Ho 10:1, הִשְׂגִּיא Jb 12:23, הִפְתָּה Gn 9:27 give breadth to. b. with other vbs., sporadically early (if the text be sound), but mostly late, in conseq. of Aram. influence (in Aram. the accus. being constantly denoted by ל), as אהב Lv 19:18, 19:34, 2 Ch 19:2, הרג 2 S 3:30, Jb 5:2, בוּז (mostly), בזה 2 S 6:16, sts. also זכר to remember, עבד to serve (work or do service for), עזר (2 S 8:5, and esp. late), דרשׁ (esp. Chr), הִלֵּל (only Chr Ezr), רפא (prob. the dat. comm.), שִׂחֵת 1 S 23:10, Nu 32:15, נִדָּה Am 6:3, גִּדֵּל Ps. 34:4, פִּתַּח 116:16, כִּבֵּד 86:9, Dn 11:38, חִזַּק 1 Ch 26:27, 29:12, בֵּרַח 29:20 Ne 11:2, חֵרֵף 2 Ch 32:17; see also 1 S 22:7, 2 K 8:6, Je 16:6, 40:2, Jon 4:6, Ps 69:6, 73:18, 135:11, 136:19, 136:20, Pr 17:26, Jb 12:23 b, La 4:5, 1 Ch 16:37, 18:6, (הושׁיע, altered fr. 2 S 8:6: so Ps 116:6), 25:1, 29:22, 29:22, 2 Ch 5:11, 6:42, 17:7, 24:5, 34:13, (usu. על), Ezr 8:16; at the end of an enumeration, 1 Ch 28:1 b, 2 Ch 24:12 b, 26:14 b, 28:23; marking the defin. obj. in appos., 1 Ch 29:18, 2 Ch 2:12, 23:1, Ps 135:11, 136:19, 136:20, ( = earlier את, Gn 26:34, Ju 3:15, Is 7:6, 8:2); after a sf. (in Syr. fashion), 1 Ch 5:26, וַיַּגְלֵם ל׳, 23:6, 2 Ch 25:5, 25:10, 28:15, cf. Ne 9:32; defining anom. the sf. of a noun, Nu 29:18, 29:21, 29:24 etc. 1 Ch 7:5 הִתְיַחֲשָׂם לַכֹּל, 2 Ch 31:16, 31:18, Ezr 9:1, 10:14. (But in sentences of the type אֵין דּוֹרֵשׁ לְנַפְשִׁי Ps 142:5 b, 72:12, Is 51:18, Je 14:16, 49:5, La 1:7, 1:9, 1:17, 1:21, the ל belongs prob. to אין: cf. the ‖ types אֵין לִי מַכִּיר Ps 142:5 a, Dt 28:31, Je 50:32, La 1:2, דֹּרֵשׁ אֵין לָהּ Je 30:17, La 4:4.) Cf. Ges:§ 117 n.

4. Into (εἰς), of a transition into a new state or condition, or into a new character or office:—a. Gn 2:22 וַיִּבֶן אֶת־הַצֵּלָע לְאִשָּׁה into a woman, 12:2 וְאֶעֶשְְׂ לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל into a great nation, and very oft. with this and similar verbs, as Ex 26:7, Is 44:17, 44:19, שָׂם Gn 46:3, Is 5:20 make bitter into sweet etc., 28:17, נָתַן 42:6, also in such phrases as לְשַׁמָּהשָׂם to make into a desolation Is 13:9, Je 4:7 etc. 19:8; הפך ל to change into Ex 7:15, Dt 23:6 +, to cut or divide into Gn 32:8, Ju 19:29, Is 11:15 +, שָׂרַף לְ to burn into Am 2:1, Dt 9:21 דַּק לְעָפָר פעל Ps 7:14 maketh into (or to be) flaming ones; היה ל to become, in many diff. connexions, as Gn 2:7 ויהי האדם לנפשׁ חיה became a living soul (see היה II. 2 e, p. 226 a); (לנגיד )משׁח למלך to anoint so as to be king, as king (Germ. ‘zum Konig’: cf. Old Engl. to, as Ju 17:13 and ‘We have Abraham to our father’), 1 S 9:16, 15:1, etc., חִוָּה לְ to appoint as 13:14, 25:30; שׁת לְ Ps 45:17; even more freely, as דִּבֶּר עָלַי לְמֶלֶח 1 K 14:2, cf. 2 S 3:17, 1 Ch 29:23; חשׁב ל to count for (or as) Gn 38:15 + oft.; Ex 21:7 when a man sells his daughter לְאָמָה for, as, a female slave, Dt 6:8 to bind לְאוֹת for, as, a sign, הִתְיַצֵּב לְשָׂטָן (יָחָא) so as to be an adversary Nu 22:22, 22:32, לְאֹרֵב (הקים)קום 1 S 22:8, 22:13, עמד לְ Is 11:10, Dn 11:1, יחא לַחָפְשִׁי to go forth into the state of one free Ex 21:2 (cf. v:26; v:27 after שׁלח), 2 K 25:12, Is 14:2, Je 34:11, Ps 48:4, נודע לְ hath made himself known as, 87:4 הזכיר לְ to mention as, Ez 13:20; poet. Jb 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלאֹ־לָהּ treats her young ones hardly (turning them) into none of hers: without a vb. (poet., or late prose) Mi 1:14, Na 1:7, Hb 1:11 זוֹ כֹחוֹ לֵאלֽהוֹ, Zc 4:7, La 4:3, Jb 13:12, Hg 1:9, 1 Ch 21:12, 26:29, 28:18 b, 2 Ch 23:4. b. this usage is also combined idiomatically, with great freq., with a 2nd לְ, of reference (5 a d), giving rise to such phrases as Gn 1:29 לָכֶם יִהְיֶה לְאָכְלָה to you it shall be for food (see היה II. 2 f, p. 226 b), 45:8 וַיְשִׂימֵנִי לְאָב לְפַרְעֹה, 47:26, Dt 28:9, 28:25, Ju 1:33, 1 S 2:28, Is 21:4, 28:18 b, וִהְיִיתֶם לוֹ לְמִרְמָס, 49:5, יֹחְרִי מִבֶּטֶן לְעֶבֶד לוֹ, 63:8, 63:10, וַיֵּהָפֵח לָהֶם לְאוֹיֵב (Jb 30:21), Je 15:4, 15:20, 20:4, 21:9, Hb 2:7, Ps 33:12, 94:22, 132:13, 139:22, Jb 13:24, ותחשׁבני לאויב לך, 16:12 etc.

5. With reference to, viz. a. defining those in reference to whom a predicate is affirmed, hence oft. = belonging to, of: (a) Dt 23:3 דור עשׂירי לא יבא לו, v:4, v:9, La 1:10; הכרית לְ 1 S 2:33, 1 K 14:10 +; השׁבית לְ Je 48:35; לאֹ יִכָּרֵת אִישׁ לְ 1 K 2:4, 8:25 +; 1 S 25:34 אִם נוֹתַר לְ, Gn 17:10 המול לכם כל בשׂר, 34:15, 34:22, Ex 12:48, 1 S 11:2; 1 K 14:13; ישׁב על כסא לְ 2 K 10:30, 15:12, Je 13:13, 22:4, Ps 132:12 cf. v:11; ראה בנים לְ Gn 50:23, Ps 128:6; אבד לְ to perish belonging to Dt 22:14, 1 S 13:22; Gn 23:16 money עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר current to ( = with) the merchant, Nu 9:10, Am 9:1, Is 33:14, Jb 12:6: note further the pron. in Ex 10:5 הַצֹּמֵחַ לכם מן השׂדה, 12:2, 12:5, 26:33, Lv 11:29, וְזֶה לָכֶם הַטָּמֵא (cf. v:4–8), 19:23, 25:30, 26:5, 26:26, בְּשִׁבְרִי לָכֶם מַטֵּה לֶחֶם (Ez 14:13), Nu 28:19, 32:21, 34:4, Dt 28:66, Jos 2:6 הָעֲרֻכוֹת לָהּ עַל הַגָּג, Ju 16:9, 19:14, (cf. זָרַח לְ Gn 32:32 +), 1 S 5:9, 2 S 15:30, 2 K 4:27 b נַפְשָׁהּ מָרָה־לָהּ (cf. Is 15:4, Je 4:19), Is 23:7, Je 2:21, Mi 2:4 איך ימישׁ לי, Ez 16:14, 29:7, Ps 110:3; also 40:7 ears hast thou digged to (or for) me, 51:12 (cf. 1 S 10:9), Is 50:4, 50:5 יעיר לי אזן. (b) in such phrases as Nu 1:4 אִישׁ אִישׁ לְמַטֶּה a man for (or of) a tribe, 7:11, 31:4, Dt 1:23, Jos 3:12, 18:4, Ju 20:10 ten men לַמֵּאָה of 100, 100 of 1000 etc.; רִאשׁוֹן לְ = first of Ex 12:2, 2 S 19:21. (c) spec. of relationship, to define a man's family or tribe, esp. in genealogies, Nu 1:6 לראובן אליחור, v:7, v:8 etc., v:22, v:24 etc., 3:21, 3:27, 1 Ch 24:20, 24:21 etc., 26:23, 26:25 etc. + oft.; in the opp. order Ex 31:2, Lv 24:11, Nu 17:23 אהרן לבית לוי 1 K 15:27 etc., cf. 2 S 3:2, 3:3, 3:5, also 9:3 a, Gn 20:18, 46:26, 46:27; similarly הנשׁארים לְ 2 K 10:11, 10:17, הַמֵּת לְ 1 K 14:11, 16:4 +. (d) denoting relation (to be to or towards one in a particular regard or capacity) Ex 19:5 והייתם לי סְגֻלָּה ye shall be to me a special possession, 22:30 אנשׁי קדשׁ תהיון לי, 1 S 18:18, 2 S 19:29, 1 K 5:15, 2 K 19:15, Je 12:9, 15:8, 22:6 גלעד אתה לי, 51:20, Is 54:9, Ez 24:19, Ps. 12:5 מִי אָדוֹן לָנוּ, 35:14 כְּרֵעַ כְּאָח לִי, 99:8, Jb 24:17, 30:29, Ne 6:18; with a ptcp. Nu 10:25, 25:18, 35:23, Dt 4:22, 19:4, 19:6, Is 11:9, 14:2 (Dr:§ 135:7 Obs.); מלך לְ Nu 22:4; רַב לָכֶם it is (too) much to you, מְעַט לְ (too) little to…; in the phr. (מָה)מִי אֵלֶּה לְְ who (what) are these to thee ?= what meanest thou by these things? Gn 33:5, 33:8, 2 S 16:2, Ez 37:18, cf. Ex 12:26, Jos 4:6, Ez 12:22; חלילה לי away be it to (or for) me ! למה לי to what purpose to me is…? Gn 27:46, Is 1:11, Je 6:20, Jb 30:2: oft. also in such phrases as מָגֵן לְ a shield to Gn 15:1, Ps. 18:31, a strength to Ps. 28:8, an abomination to Gn 43:32, Is 1:13 +, a grief to Pr 10:1, 17:21; cf. Je 15:10, Mal 2:9, Ps. 89:28 etc.: note also Jon 3:3 לאלהים עיר גדולה a city great to God (i.e. in his estimation: cf. Acts 7:20 ἀστεῖος τῷ θεῷ, and לפני Gn 10:9), Est 10:3. And with כְּ Ju 17:11, 2 S 12:3, וַתְּהִי לוֹ כְּבַת, Ex 22:24 (cf. 4 b), Am 9:7 כבני כֻשִׁיים אַתֶּם לי Ho 11:4, Is 29:2, Jb 33:6 הֵן־אֲנִי לָאֵל כְּפִיְ lo, I am to God as thou art, etc. b. denoting possession, belonging to;—(a) as predicate, in הָיָה לְ (cf. Lat. est mihi), יֵשׁ לְ,אֵין לְ constantly (see these words); also alone, as Gn 31:16, 31:43 לִי הוּא it is mine, 48:5 לי הם, Ex 19:5 b כי לי כל הארץ, 1 K 20:3; 20:4, Is 43:1 לי אתה, 44:5 אני לי׳, Ez 29:3, Ps. 47:10, 50:10, 50:12, Jb 12:13, 12:16, Ct 2:16, 6:3; 1 S 1:2 ולו שׁתי נשׁיס֫ and he had two wives, 25:7, 25:36, Ju 3:16, 17:5, Jb 22:8, 2 S 17:18, Ho 6:10, + oft.; with לאֹ, 1 K 22:17, Is 53:2 לא הדר לו, Je 5:10 + ; with a neut. adj. (rare) Is 63:2, Je 30:10 אָנוּשׁ לְשִׁבְרֵח; note also such phrases as 2 K 10:19 זבח גדול לי לבעל, Is 2:12 כִּי יוֹם לי׳ על וג׳ for י׳ hath a day against etc., 22:5, 28:2 הִנֵּה חָזָק וְאַמִּץ לי׳ י׳ hath a strong and mighty one (sc. at his disposal), 34:2 על וג׳קחף לי׳, v:6 b. 34:8; Ho 4:1…עם כִּי רִיב לי׳, 12:3, Mi 6:2: מַה־לִּי וָלָח what is there to me and to thee (?) (i.e. what have we to do with each other (?)), v. שׁלוס לך מָה peace be to thee ! Of that which pertains to one as a right, Lv 25:31, 25:48, Dt 1:17 כי המשׁפט לאלהיס הוא, 21:17, 1 S 17:47, Je 10:23, 32:7, 32:8, Ez 21:32, Ps 3:9 הישׁועה לי׳, Jon 2:10; with an inf. 1 S 23:20 וְלָנוּ הַסְגִּירוֹ and it shall be for us (or our place) to deliver him, Mi 3:1 הלא לכם לדעת, Ezr 4:3, 2 Ch 13:5, 20:17, 26:18, cf. Ps 50:16 מַהלּלְְּ לְ. (b) here also belongs the so-called Lamed auctoris, Is 38:9 מִכְתָּב לְחִזְקִיָּהוּ a writing belonging to, of, or by H., Hb 3:1, Ps 3:1 and oft. מזמור לדוד a Psalm of or by D. (but possibly denoting orig., at least in some cases, a Psalm belonging to a collection known as David's: so certainly in לבני קרח Ps 42:1 al., and prob. also in לאסף Ps 50:1 al.); so לדוד מזמור 24:1 +, לדוד alone 10:1 m 14:1 +. Comp. on Ph. coins לחדנם of the Sidonians, i.e. belonging to them, לחור (= Gk. Σιδονιων, Τύρου). Heb. idiom also uses the ל of possession where we should write the simple name, as Ez 38:16 (written on a stick) ליהּודה, v:17 ליוסף, in English ‘Judah,’ ‘Joseph,’ Is 8:1 למהר־שׁלל־חשׁ־בז ‘Maher-shalal-hash-baz.’ c. as periph. for the st. c.:—(a) אשׁר לְ, as Ex 29:29m 39:1, 39:39, Lv 7:20, 7:21, 16:6, 16:15 (see further exx. sub אשׁר 7, p. 82 f.); so שֶׁלִּי † Ct 1:6, 8:12, שֶׁלָּנוּ † 2 K 6:11. (b) without אשׁר—(a) where it is desired to keep the first noun indeterm., 1 S 16:18 ראיתי בן לישׁי a son to or of Jesse, 22:20, Gn 41:12, Nu 1:4, 7:24, 1 K 2:39 שׁני עבדים לשׁמעי, 18:22, 2 K 3:11, Ru 2:1 etc.; (β) where the genit. is a compound term, to avoid a series of nouns in the st. c., Nu 1:4 ראשׂ לבית אבותיו, 7:24, 7:30, 7:36 etc., 1:21 פקֻדיהם למטה ראובן v:23; v:25 etc., 2:9; 2:16 etc., Jos 21:38; 1 Ch 9:23 הַשְּׁעָרִים לְבֵית י׳ 27:3 הראשׁ לְ, 2 Ch 19:11, Ne 10:39 etc., occas. also besides, as 1 S 14:16 החופים לשׁאול, Ex 31:7 (usu. ארון העדות); (γ) where the regens is a pr. name, or a compound term, which does not readily admit of being placed in the st. c., as (יהודה) דברי הימים למלכי ישׂראל 1 K 14:19, 14:29 + oft., 1 K 5:30 שׂרי הנחבים לְ, 2 K 11:4 שׂרי המאות לְ;ראשׁי האבות לְ Nu 36:1, Jos 19:51, 1 Ch 8:13 + oft. Ch Ne Ezr; in dates, as באחד לחדשׁ Gn 8:5, 8:14, Ex 12:3, 12:6, Gn 7:11 לחיי נח …בשׁנת , 16:3, Ex 19:1…בחדשׁ השׁלישׁי לחאת בשׁנת שׁתים לאסא 1 K 15:25, 15:28, 16:8 (all + oft.); other cases, Ex 20:5, 20:6, Lv 13:48, Nu 16:22, ( = 27:16) 18:15, Ju 20:10, 2 K 5:9, Ez 45:19, Ru 2:3, 1 Ch 4:43, 9:19, 9:21, 26:19, 2 Ch 22:10, 23:4; (δ) with a neg., Gn 15:13 כארץ לא לכם, Je 5:19, Pr 26:17, Hb 1:6, poet. even alone, 2:6 who increaseth לאֹ לוֹ (that which is) not his, Jb 18:15 בְּלִי לוֹ, 39:16 לְלאֹלָהּ as (4) those which are not hers; (ε) poet., Is 16:2, 26:7 ארח לחדיק Je 47:3, Ho 9:6, Ps 37:16, 49:14, 55:19, (Hi De Ch), 58:5, 73:6, 105:36, 116:15 המותה לחסידיו, 123:4, Jon 2:3, Ec 5:11; cf. also מלך לְ Jos 12:18 (but v. LXX Di), 2 K 19:13 (cf. Aram. Ezr 5:11): v. further Ew:§ 292, Ges:§ 129, Giesebr:§ 19. c. attached to advbs., esp. those compounded with מִן, it forms preps., as מִקֶּדֶם לְ Gn 3:24 lit. off the front with reference to (or of) = in front of: so מִבֵּית לְ = within, מִחוּץ לְ = without, מִמַּעַל לְ, מֵעַל לְ, מֵעֵבֶר לְ, מֵהָֽלְאָה לְ, מִצְּפוֹן לְ, סָבִֹיב לְ (all oft.); more rarely, מֵאַחֲרֵי לְ, מִ֫בַּעַד לְ, מִבֵּינוֹת לְ, אֶל בֵּינוֹת לְ, מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ Ex 38:15, הֵנָּה לְ, Dn 12:5; 12:5, מִזְרָח לְ, מִימִין לְ, מִנֶֶּגֶד לְ, מִסָּבִיב לְ, תַּחַת לְ, poet. נֶגְדָּה־נָּא לְ, † Ps. 116:14, 116:18. See בית, חוץ, etc.; and cf. Ju 7:1, 7:8. d. construed with passive verbs, the ל of reference notifies the agent, as בָּרוּח לְ blessed by, Gn 14:17 + oft.; otherwise not very common, Gn 14:17 + oft.; otherwise not very common, Gn 31:15 נֶחְשַׁב לְ to be reckoned by (so Is 40:17), Ex 12:16 אַח אֲשֶׁר יֵאָכֵל לְכָל־נֶפֶשׁ חוּא לְבַדּוֹ, יֵעָשֶׂה לָכם, 1 S 2:3, 25:7, 2 S 19:43, Je 8:3 נִבְחַר לְ (Pr 21:3), 29:22, Ps 73:10, 111:2, Pr 13:13 יֵחָבֶל־לוֹ is pledged by it, 14:20, Ne 6:1, 6:7 נִשְׁמַע לְ, 13:26 אָהוּב לְ, Est 4:3, 5:12, Ec 5:12 שָׁמוּר לְ. So with נִרְאָה Ex 13:7 ( = Dt 16:4), נוֹדַע 1 S 6:3, Ez 36:32, Ne 4:9 (but usu. with these words לְ is rather the dat. comm.. be known, appear, to), נעתר Gn 25:21 +, נדרשׁ and נמחא Is 65:1 + to let oneself be entreated, sought, found, by, נוֹסַר † Lv 26:23, נענה † Ez 14:4, 14:7 (?). (Comp. in Syr. Nö:§ 247, esp. with pass. ptcp.:§ 279 (so Talm., Luz:§ 90), which in Mand. and New Syr. even unites with the ל to form a new tense, v. Nö:M § 263; NS § 104.) Analogously Gn 38:15 וַתַּהַר לוֹ and was pregnant by, v:18 הָרָה לְ (adj.) pregnant by (lit. to). e. regarding, in respect of, viz. (a) with verbs of speaking, commanding, hearing, etc.; concerning, about (syn. עַל, which is more usu.); so with מר:אָ Gn 20:13, Dt 33:12, 33:13 + Ju 9:54, Is 41:7, Ps 3:3, 41:6 +, דִּבֶּר Ez 44:5, סִפֵּר Ps 22:31, דרשׁ Dt 12:30, 2 S 11:3, חָלַם Gn 42:9, הִטִּיף Mi 2:6, חִוָּה Nu 8:20, Ps 91:11 +, שָׁמַע Gn 17:20, and oft. in the adjunct…לאשׁר …לכל אשׁר Gn 27:8, Jos 1:18, 22:2 +; שׁאל Gn 26:7 +, esp. in phr. לְשָׁלוֹם שׁאל לפ׳ to ask about any one with ref. to (his) welfare; in the phr. לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה in regard to this thing (idiom.), Gn 19:21, 1 S 30:24 +, Ju 21:5, 21:7 לנשׁיס, 1 K 20:7; without a vb., Lv 7:37, 14:54, Dt 33:7, and in titles Je 23:9, 46:2, 48:1, 49:1, 49:7, 49:23, 49:28. (b) limiting the application of a term, esp. with כְּ to denote the tertium comparationis, as Gn 41:19 לָרֹעַ …לאֹ רָאִיתִי כָהֵנָּה as regards, in respect of (in our idiom, simply in or for) badness, Ex 24:10 כְּעֶחֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם לָטֹהַר in brightness, Dt 34:11, 34:12, Ez 3:3 (rd. לְמֹתֶק) Pr 25:3, 1 Ch 24:4; with an inf., Gn 3:22 היה כאחד ממנו לדעת in respect of knowing etc., 34:15, Is 21:1 כַּסּוּפוֹת לַחֲלוֹף as whirlwinds in respect of sweeping through, Jos 10:14, 2 S 14:17, 14:25, Ez 38:9, 38:16, Pr 26:2 כחפור לָנוּד כדרור לָעוּף, 1 Ch 12:9 כחבאיס לְמַהֵר; with לָרֹב in multitude, Dt 1:10 ככוכבי השׁמיס לרב Ju 7:12, 7:12 + oft.; less freq. in comparisons with מִן, 1 K 10:23 לְעשֶׁר וּלְחָכְמָה …מִכֹּל …וַיִּגְדַּל , Ct 1:2, Jb 30:1 חעיריס ממני לימיס (cf. the accus. 15:10), 32:4, 32:6, cf. 11:6 כִּפְלַיִס לְתוּשִׁיָּה; rarely after substs., 2 Ch 16:8, 21:3, 3:8 לְכִכָּרִיס, v:9; v:11, Ezr 8:26 (where the earlier language would use appos., or the accus. of specification, Dr:§ 194). (c) somewhat differently, Lv 5:4 b and be guilty לְאַחַת מֵאֵלָּה as regards one of these things, v:5, 22:5 b, Nu 18:7 (cf. 1 Ch 26:32, 27:1, 2 Ch 19:11, 19:11) Je 2:37 (peculiar) thou shalt not prosper להם as regards them, Ez 44:14, cf. Jb 9:19; after subst. Gn 47:26 לַחֹמֶשׁ (but cf. LXX Di) with ref. to the fifth, Lv 7:26, 11:46 b, Nu 19:11, 29:39, 30:13, Dt 19:15, 23:19, Ezr 8:34, 1 Ch 27:1 (לכל ח׳), 2 Ch 8:15, Ne 11:24. (d) …לְכֹל (לְכָל־), at the close of a description or enumeration, with a generalizing force, as regards all…= namely, in brief (Ew:§ 310 a ), chiefly in P and Chr (prob. a juristic usage): Gn 9:10 b all that go out of the ark לְכֹל חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ as regards ( = namely, even) all beasts of the earth, 23:10 b, Ex 14:28 (cf. v:9 וְ), 27:3, 27:19, 28:38, 30:1 b, Lv 5:3, 5:4 (cf. 13:51) 11:42, 16:16, 16:21, 22:18, Nu 3:26 b, (v:31, v:36 וְ), 4:27, 4:31, 4:32, 5:9, 18:4, 18:8, 18:9, 18:11 (all P), 2 K 12:6, Je 19:13, Ez 44:9, 1 Ch 13:1, 2 Ch 5:12, (לְכֻלָּם), 25:5, 31:16, 33:8 b (‖ 2 K 21:8 ולכל) Ezr 1:5. (e) introducing a new subj. (rare, and text sts. dub.; chiefly Chr), as regards…, Is 32:1 ולשׂרים (rd. prob. וְשָׂרִים ל by error from foll. למשׁפט), Lv 11:26, 1 Ch 3:2 (rd. prob. אבשׁלום), 5:2 ( ? v. Ke), 7:1 (Ke ובני), v:5 a (?), 24:1, 26:1, 26:23, 26:25, 26:26, 26:31 a B, 2 Ch 5:12, 7:21 לְכָל־עֹבֵר עליו ישׁרק (‖ 1 K 9:8 כָּל־עֹבֵר), cf. Dt 24:5 (peculiar); Ec 9:4 בִּי לְכֶלֶב חַי הוא טוב וג׳; cf. Ps 17:4 (on 16:3 v. Comm.). In Chr sts. used peculiarly as a periphr., 1 Ch 28:1 b, 28:21 לכל נדיב as regards every liberal man = every liberal man (cf.Ke), 29:5 a, 29:6 b; cf. Ezr 6:7 (Aram.), 7:28. f. in connexion with terms designating a cause or occasion, with referenceto or in view of (Germ. auf…hin) becomes nearly equivalent to on account of, through (not common): so to cut oneself לָנֶפֶשׁ Lv 19:28 on account of a (dead) person, Dt 14:1, Je 16:6 b, Lv 11:24 לְאֵלֶּה תִּטַּמָָּאוּ on account of these ye shall become unclean, 21:1, 21:2, 21:3 +, Ez 20:31 נִטְמָא לְ, Nu 5:2 כָּל־טָמֵא לָנֶפֶשׁ Nu 9:6, 9:7, 9:10, cf. 2 Ch 23:19; לְשֵׁם י׳ in view of (i.e. determined by), because of י׳'s name, Jo 9:9, Je 3:17, Is 55:5 (‖לְמַעַן), Ez 36:22 (do.); Gn 4:23 a I have slain a man לְפִחְעִי because of my wound, v:23 b, Ex 4:26 לַמּוּלוֹת, Nu 35:33 לַדָּם לָכֵן = therefore (syn. עַל כֵּן), constantly (v. כֵּן); Job 30:24 (si vera l.) לָהֶן: of the cause of an emotion, Is 15:5 לִבִּי לְמוֹאָב יִזְעַק because of Moab 16:7, 16:11, Je 31:20 הָמוּ מֵעַי לוֹ (עַלּ Ct 5:4), Ho 10:5, לְזאֹת Jb 37:1. Cf. Nu 16:34 נסו לקולם fled at the sound of them, Ez 27:28, Hb 3:16, Ps 42:8. g. marking the aim, object, or consequence of an action or thing, in view of, for, unto: (a) Gn 1:16 לממשׁלת היום for the rule of the day, 22:7 where is the sheep לְעוֹלָה? 42:25 provision לַדָָּרֶךְ for the way; Ex 20:7 לַשָּׁוְא i.e. for a vain or frivolous purpose, similarly לָרִיק and לַשֶּׁקֶר; Lv 1:3 + לִרְצֹּנוֹ for his acceptance; Nu 21:23 and oft. יחא למלחמה for battle; יָשַׁב לְ to sit (wait) for, Ex 24:14, Hos 3:3, Je 3:2; 1 S 8:16 to use לִמְלַאכְתּוֹ for his business; 2 S 15:2 + בָּא לַמִּשְׁפָּט for judgment; Ps 69:22 לִחְמָאִי for (i.e. to quench) my thirst, Ne 9:15; Ex 29:36 + לַיּוֹם for each day; Is 4:3 כָּל־כָּתוכ לַחַיִּים for life; Ho 9:4 לַחְמָם לְנַפְשָׁם; לרעה and לטובה Je 21:10 +; Is 58:4, Ps 63:10 לְשׁוֹאָה יבקשׁו נפשׁי: in the sense of to secure, compass, Gn 41:55 cried to Ph. לַלָָּחֶם for bread, 1 S 2:36, Am 8:11, Jb 15:23, Is 10:3: so in לִמַעַן for the purpose of; and with an inf. oft. (v. 7 a). (b) corresponding to the Lat. dat. commodi, (a) with vbs., Gn 2:18 אעשׂה לו I will make for him, etc., v:20, 3:21, etc., absol. עָשָׂה לְ 1 S 14:6, Is 64:3, פָּעַל לְ Ps 68:29; מָחָא לְ Gn 8:9; לָקַח לְ 24:3, 24:4 + oft.; סָפַד לְ, נוּד Je 16:5, 16:6, בָּכָה לְ 22:10, etc.; Ju 16:25 וִישַׂחֶק־לָנוּ to sport for us (for our pleasure); Ho 2:25, Mi 5:1, etc.; with a pron. of the same pers. as the vb., as 1 K 20:34 תשׂים לך, 2 K 6:7, 10:24, Zc 9:13, leading on to h a, below; oft. with prons. and imv., Nu 11:16 אֶסְפָה־לִּי gather me 70 men, 22:6 אָרָה־לִּי curse me this people, 23:1 בְּנֵה לִי, 1 K 1:28 קראו לי לבת־שׁבע call me B., 3:24, 13:13, 17:10, Ct 2:15 אֶחֱזוּ לָנוּ catch us the foxes, Is 49:20 גְּשָׁה־לִּי retire for me, that I may dwell, 2 S 18:5 לְאַט לִי לַנַּעַר (act) gently (5 i b) for my sake towards the young man, 2 K 4:24 אַל־תַּעֲחָר־לִי לִרְכֹּב AV slacken me not the riding; (β) with substs., e.g. in such phrases as פסךְ הוא לי׳ Ex 12:11 a passover is it unto י׳, 13:6 חַג לי׳, 16:25 שַׁבָּת לי׳, Is 23:18 + קֹדֶשׁ לי׳, Lv 1:9 and oft. אִשֵּׂה רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ לי׳, 1 S 1:3 כהנים לי׳, etc.; (γ) also as a dat. incommodi, as to lie in wait, lay snares, dig a pit, etc., for any one, Ju 9:25, 16:2, Ps 35:7, 57:7 etc.; with vbs. of withholding or removing (rare), Ju 17:2 לֻקַּח לָח 1 S 21:6 (cf. ܒܨܪܠ) Ps 40:11, 84:12, Jb 12:20; note also the phr. לְ (הַמַּעְבָּרוֹת)לָכַד הַמַּיִם Ju 3:28 (RV), 7:24, 12:5: זכר ל, in both senses, to remember for (in one's favour) Je 2:2 + , against Ps 137:7 +, cf. גער לְ Mal 3:11 and 2:3. (c) more distinctly on behalf of, as with קִנֵּא to be jealous for, Nu 11:29 +, נִלְחַם Dt 3:22 +, שָׁמֶר 7:12 +, רָב לְ to contend for Ju 6:31, יָרֵא Jos 9:24, הִתְפַּלֵּל 1 S 2:25 +, דִּבֶּר to speak for one 2 K 4:13, Jb 13:7 תְּדַבְּרוּ עַוְלָה הַלְאֵל will ye speak wickedness on God's behalf ? שָׁאַל to ask 1 S 22:13 +, עָבַר to pass over for ( = to pardon) Am 7:8; Dt 30:12 מי יעלה לנו, v:13, Ju 1:1, 20:18, Is 6:8 מִי יֵלֶח־לָנוּ; see also Ex 2:19, 4:16 a, Nu 35:31, , Dt 23:6, Jos 18:6, Ju 5:13, 7:4, 7:20, 2 S 15:34 b, Is 33:21, Pr 16:26, 31:8, etc.; Ps 94:16 מִי יָקוּם לִי עִם מְרֵעִים; היה ל׳ to be on one's side, Hos 1:9 ואנכי לא אהיה לכם, Ps 124:1, 124:2, and without היה Gn 31:42, Ex 32:36, אֵלַי מִי ל׳ who is on י׳'s side ? (let him come) to me ! Jos 5:13 b, 2 S 20:11, 2 K 10:6 אִם לִי אַתֶּם (syn. אִתִּי 9:32), Ps 56:10 לי זה ידעתי כי י׳, 118:6, 118:7 לִי י׳. h. used reflexively (the ‘ethical’ dative, or dative of feeling), throwing the action back upon the subj., and expressing with some pathos the interest, or satisfaction, or completeness, with which it is (or is to be) accomplished, esp. (but not exclusively) with imv. and I pers. impf. (oft. not expressible in Engl., sts. to be expressed by a paraphr.);—(a) with trans. verbs (a choice idiom, a development of g b a, common, esp. with imv., in best prose), עֲשֵׂה לְְ Gn 6:14, Nu 21:8 + oft., עֲשִׂיתֶם לָכֶם Dt 4:16, 4:23, 9:16, Am 5:26, וַיַּעֲשׂוּ לָהֶם Gn 3:7, Ex 32:31, Ho 13:2, Je 11:17 the evil which עשׂו להם they have loved to do (cf. Hi), Gn 11:4, Ju 3:16, 2 S 15:1, etc.; קַח־לְְ, קְחוּ לָכֶם Gn 6:21 + oft., ויקח לו Gn 15:10, etc.; בָּזַז לוֹ Dt 2:35, 20:14 +; תְּנוּ לָכֶם Ex 7:9, Jos 20:2; הָבוּ לָכֶם Dt 1:13 (cf. Dr) +, שִׂימוּ לָכֶם Ju 19:30, cf. 2 K 10:24, Ho 2:2; בָּחַר לוֹ, בַּחֲרוּ לָכֶם, etc Gn 13:11, 2 S 17:1 LXX (v. Dr) + oft.; קְנֵה לְְ Je 32:7 +, דַּע לְְ Jb 5:27, cf. Ct 1:8; Dt 10:1, 10:1, 16:9; 16:13, 16:18, 19:2, 19:3, 19:9, Jos 22:23 לִבְנוֹת לָנוּ, 1 S 20:20 לְשַׁלַּח לִי לְמַטָּרָה, 2 K 4:3 שַׁאֲלִי לָח (cf. Is 7:11), 18:23, Is 44:7 יַגִּידוּ לָמוֹ, 59:8 עִקְּשׁוּ לָהֶם, Je 2:13, 22:14 אֶבְנֶה־לִּי, 31:21, 46:14, Ho 10:1 פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה־לּוֹ maketh fruit freely, v:11, v:12; v:12, Am 6:5, 6:13, Ps 44:11 שָׁסוּ לָמוֹ = plunder at their will, 64:6, 83:13, Pr 1:22, Ec 8:12 מַאֲרִיךְ לוֹ (denoting satisfaction), Jb 7:3 הָנְחַלְתִּי לִי, 12:11 יִטְעַם לוֹ, 13:1 וַתָּבֶן־לָהּ, 24:16, etc.: rarely separated from the vb., Ho 12:9, Pr 23:20, Jb 3:14. (b) with verbs of motion, Gn 12:1, 22:2 לֶח־לְְ get thee away, 27:43 בְרַח לְְ Am 7:12, Nu 22:34 אשׁובה לי lit. I will return for myself, Dt 1:7 (cf. Dr) סְעוּ לָכֶם, v:40, 2:13 עברו לכם, 5:27 שׁובו לכם, 1 S 22:5, 26:11 וְנֵֽלְכָה לָנוּ, v:12 וַיֵּלְֽכוּ לָהֶם, 2 S 2:21 נְטֵה לְְ, v:22, 1 K 17:3, Is 31:8 נָס לוֹ, 40:9 עֲלִי לָח Je 5:5 אֵֽלְכָה לִי, Hos 8:9 a wild ass כֹּדֵד לוֹ going alone at its pleasure, Mi 1:11, Ps 58:8 כמים יתהלכו למו that run apace, Pr 20:14 אֹזֵל לִוֹ = goeth his way, Jb 39:4, Ct 1:8 b, 2:10, 2:11, 2:13, 4:6. (c) with neuter verbs, esp. those signifying a state of mind or feeling (chief poet.), Ps 66:7 אל ירומו למו, 80:7 ילעגו למו mock as they please, 120:6 רַבַּת שָֽׁכְנָה לָהּ נַפְשִׁי has had her dwelling with, etc., 122:3 שֶׁחֻבְּרָה לָהּ is well compacted, 123:4 שָֽׂבְעָה לָהּ is but too full, Is 2:22 חִדְלוּ לָכֶם, 2 Ch 25:16, 35:21, Je 7:4 אַל־תִּבְטְחוּ לָכֶם, v:8, 2 K 18:21, Ez 37:11 נִגְזַרְנוּ לָנוּ we are quite cut off, Jb 6:19 קִוּוּ לָמוֹ (implying that they fed themselves on hope), 15:28 יֵ שְֽׁבוּ לָמוֹ which should not sit (be inhabited), 19:29 גּוּרוּ לָכֶם, Ct 2:17, 8:14 דְּמֵה לְְ, and the freq. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְְ take heed to thyself Gn 24:6 +; with an adj., Am 2:13 הַמְּלֵאָה לָהּ עָמִיר. (Cf. Ew:§ 315 a. Very common in Syriac, esp. b: No:§ 224.) i. of reference to a norm or standard, according to, after, by:—(a) Gn 1:11 + oft. P לְמִינוֹ acc. to its kinds, 8:19 + לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתֵיהֶם acc. to their families, 10:5 נִישׁ לִלְשֹׁנוֹ, v:31; v:32, Ex 30:12 + לִפְפְקֻדֵיהֶם acc. to them that are numbered of them, Nu 1:2 לְבֵית אֲבוֹתָם by their fathers' houses, v:2 לְגֻלְגְּלֽתָם v:3 לְחִבְאֹתָם, v:20 + oft., esp. in enumerations and classifications; Gn 13:3 Abram went לְמַסָּעָיו by his journeyings (stages), so לְמַסְעֵיהֶם Ex 17:1 +; Gn 13:17 go through the land לְאָרְכָּהּ וּלְרָחְבָּהּ acc. to (i.e. to the full extent of) its length and breadth (cf. Hb 1:6); 41:47 לִקְמָחִים by handfuls, Nu 24:2 + לִשְׁבָטָיו by its tribes, 1 S 29:2 עברים למאות ולאלפים by hundreds and thousands, 2 S 18:4, לְעָרֶיהָ Nu 32:33, Jos 18:9; Ju 19:19 לַעֲחָמֶיהָ acc. to her bones (i.e. limb by limb), Ez 24:6 לִנְתָחֶיהָ piece by piece; Ps 140:12 to hunt לְמַדְחֵפוֹת thrust-wise, with thrust upon thrust, Is 27:12 לְאַחַד אֶחָד (Ges Ew) by one, one (i.e. one by one); hence, esp. with plurals, it acquires sts. a distributive force, as לִבְקָרִים Is 33:2 by mornings = every morning (cf. 6), so לַבְּקָרִים Ps 73:14, 101:8 +, לִרְגָעִים Is 27:3 + every moment, לֶחֳדָשִׁים Is 47:13 every month, Ez 47:12, 1 K 10:22 אַחַת לְשָׁלוֹשׁ שָׁנִים once every three years, Am 4:4 לשׁלשׁת ימים every three days (but v. We), 1 Ch 9:25; in Chr לשׁער ושׁער לעיר ועיר, 2 Ch 8:14, 19:5, 26:11. (b) denoting the principle, with regard to which an act is done, לְמִסְפַּר acc. to the number of…Dt 32:8, Ju 21:23 +, Is 11:3 to judge לְמַרְאֵה עֵינָיו לְמִשְׁמַע אָזְנָיו acc. to that which his eyes see, his ears hear (cf. Lv 13:12, Jb 42:5), 28:26, 32:1 a king will regin לְחֶדֶק acc. to justice (‖לְמשׁפט), 42:3 לֶאֱמֶת = faithfully, Je 9:2 לֶאֱמוּנָה = honestly, 15:15, 30:11 (= 46:28) וְיִסַּרְתִּיְ לַמִּשְׁפָּט (synon. 10:24 בְּמשׁפט), Ho 2:12 (‖לְפִי), Jo 2:23 לִחֶדָקָה; Gn 38:24 pregnant לִזְנוּנִים = unchastely, Nu 15:24 לשׁגגה by error (elsewhere בשׁגגה), 2 Ch 30:3, 35:8, Ct 7:10 flowing down למישׁרים straightly (Pr 23:31 ב׳), לָרֹב Jb 26:3, 2 Ch 14:14, poet. לְמַכְבִּיר Jb 36:31 in abundance, לְאַט = gently 2 S 18:5 +; Ex 16:3, Ps 78:25 לָשׂבַע acc. to satiety; לְרֶגֶל acc. to the foot (pace) of Gn 33:14 + (v. רֶגֶל); 1 S 23:20 לְכָל־אַוַּת נַפְשְְׁ (Dt 12:15 al. בְּ׳), 2 S 15:11 לְתֻמָּם acc. to their simplicity, i.e. unsuspectingly (so 1 K 22:34), 1 K 9:11 לְכָל־חֶפְחוֹ, Is 54:16, Ez 22:6 לִזְרֹעוֹ, Jb 12:5, Ps 119:91, 119:154 לְאִמְרִֽתְְ (‖כְּ׳ v:58; v:116; v:170), Ec 1:10 long ago לְעולמים acc. to (measured by) the ages etc. (v. Hi): so also in the phr. לְפִי חֶרֶב acc. to a sword's mouth, i.e. as the sword would devour, without quarter, Jos 6:21 + oft.; …לְפִי itself also, in various fig. applications, has the force of acc. to, Gn 47:12, etc. (v. פֶּה); and in לְאֵל יָדְְֽ (אֵין)יֵשׁ it is (not) acc. to the power of thy hand (v. p. 43). Similarly Dt 11:11 לִמְטַר הַשָּׁמַיִם after the manner of the rain of heaven, i.e. as the rain permits (opp. to the artificial irrigation of v:10), Ju 21:12 + לְמִשְׁכַּב זָכָר, Ez 12:12 לַעַיִן i.e. as the eye sees it. j. designating a condition or state: לָבֶטַח in a state of confidence = confidently, Lv 25:18 + oft.; לְבָדָד, לְבַד, in a state of separation ( = a part), so לְבַדּוֹ (v. pp. 94, 95); לְשָׁלוֹם Gn 44:17 +, לְפֶתַע suddenly † Is 29:5, 30:13; לִבְלִי in a condition of no…= without, Is 5:14 + (v. בלי), so …לְאֵין (late, v. p. 35), לְלאֹ † 2 Ch 15:3; further Is 1:5 לָחֳלִי in a state of sickness, 50:11 לְמַעֲחֵבָה, Ps 45:15 לִרְקָמוֹת, Ezr 2:63 = Ne 7:65 a priest לאורים ולתמים having relation to (i.e. with) U. and Th., 2 Ch 20:21 לְהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ = in holy adornment (cf. בְּ׳ Ps 29:2, 96:9). And of a concomitant circumstance (Germ. bei), in presence of, at, Jb 29:3 לְאוֹרוֹ, Hb 3:11, …לקול Jb 21:12, Ezr 3:13.

6. Of time: a. towards, against, sts. with collat. idea of in view of, much rarer than בְּ, but expressing concurrence (at) rather than duration (in): Gn 3:8 לְרוּחַ הַיּוֹם at the breeze of the day, לְעֵת in various connexions, as לְעֵת עֶרֶב Gn 8:11 + (v. עֵת); לְעִתִּים מְזֻמָּנִים † Ezr 10:14, Ne 10:35; לְעִתּוֹת בַּצָּרָה † Ps 9:10, 10:1; …לְיוֹם at, on the day of, Ps 81:4, Pr 7:20 +, …מה תעשׂו לְיוֹם Is 10:3, Ho 9:5 (cf. Je 5:31); …לַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר † Ez 22:14; …לַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר † Mal 3:17; לתשׁובת השׁנה 2 S 11:1 +; לתקופת הימים † 1 S 1:20, לתקופת השׁנה † 2 Ch 24:23 (ex 34:22 without לְ), (יָמִים)לְקֵץ שָׁנִים (late) 2 Ch 18:2, Ne 13:6, Dn 11:6, 11:13 (in early Heb. מִקֵּץ יָמִים); …לשׁנת † 2 Ch 15:10; לַבֹּקֶר Ps 30:6, 49:15 + (Ex 34:2 after הֱיֵה נָכוֹן = against, for; cf. 19:11, Pr 21:31); (לַבְּקָרִים Is 33:2, v. 5 i); לערב Gn 49:27 (‖בבקר) +; לְמָחָר † Ex 8:6 (in answer to v:5 לְמָתַי), v:19, Est 5:12 (Nu 11:18, Jos 7:13 after הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ = against), לַמָּחֳרָת Jon 4:7 (cf. 1 Ch 29:21); לָאוֹר Jb 24:14; לַמּוֹעֵד, …לְמוֹעֵד, Gn 17:21, Ex 23:15 +; לְפָנִים and לִפְנֵי before (oft.); לְאָחוֹר hereafter, † Is 41:23, 42:23; Ps 32:6 b; with inf. (rare), in the phr. (עֶרֶב)בֹּקֶר (הַ)לִפְנוֹת Gn 24:63 +, 2 S 18:29, Is 7:15 לְדַעְתּוֹ when he knoweth. b. to denote the close of a period (rare), Gn 7:4 לימים עוד שׁבעה, v:10, Ex 19:15, 2 S 13:23, Am 4:4 לשׁלשׁת ימים (We); Ezr 10:8, 10:9, Ne 6:15, Dn 12:7 (cf. עַד 7:25) 2 Ch 21:19 (so Syr.: v. PS ܠ 5). c. towards, to, Ex 34:25 לא ילין לַבֹּקֶר (usu. עַד, as 23:18), Dt 16:4, 1 S 13:8 (after נוֹחַל), Am 4:7 בעוד שׁלשׁה חדשׁים לַקָּחִיר to the harvest; oft. in the expressions לְעוֹלָם, לָנֶחַח, לְדוֹר וָדוֹר, לְדֹר דֹּר; rather differently in מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם Ps 96:2 (‖ 1 Ch 16:23 אל), Est 3:7 (i.e. passing from day to day), cf. 2 S 14:26 (Gie:30 f.). d. for, during, Is 63:18 לַמִּחְעָר (si vera l.), 2 Ch 11:17 לשׁנים שׁלושׁ, 29:17.

7. With an inf. (Ges:§ 114, 2), ל denotes a. most commonly the end or purpose of an action ( = the Lat. Gerund with ad, e.g. ad faciendum, to do): Gn 1:17 and he placed them in the firmament וּלְהַבְדִּיל…לְהָאִיר וְלִמְשֹׁל to give light…, and to rule…, and to divide, etc., 2:15 set him in the garden לְעָבְדָהּ וּלְשָׁמְרָהּ to till it, and to keep it, v:9 brought them to Adam לִרְאוֹת to see, etc., + very oft.; Gn 19:20 קְרֹבָה לָנוּס שָָׁמָּה near for fleeing thither, Ec 3:2 עֵת לָלֶדֶת a time for bringing forth. The neg. is expressed by לְבִלְתִּי, q.v. b. with reference to, limiting or qualifying the idea expressed by the principal vb., and so resolvable sts. into so as to, to, sts. into in respect of, in:—(a) so as to, to, Dt 8:6 and keep the commands of לָלֶכֶת בִּדְרָכָיו וּלְיִרְאָה אֹתוֹ י׳ to walk in his ways, and to fear him, 10:15, 11:22, 19:9, 1 K 2:3, 2:4, 11:2, 1 S 20:20, 20:36, Jo 2:26 אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה עִמָּכֶם לְהַפְלִיא so as to do wondrously, Ez 5:6; Ju 5:18 עַם חֵרֵף נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת so as to die, for dying [not ‘unto death’], 16:16, 2 K 20:1 חָלָה לָמוּת; Gn 2:3 לַעֲשׂוֹת so as to make (or in making) which, he created; and in the very freq. לֵאמֹר, introducing the words spoken, so as to say = saying (Germ. indem er sagte), Gn 1:22, etc. (b) in respect of, in (cf. 5 e (b)) Gn 34:7, 1 S 12:17 your evil is great that ye have done לִשְׁאוֹל לכם מלך in asking for yourselves a king, v:not found29, 14:33 the people sin against J. לאכל על־הדם in eating with the blood, 19:5, 2 S 19:7, 2 K 4:24, Je 44:18, Ps 36:3, 63:3, 78:18, 101:8, 103:20, Ne 13:18. And with the tert. compar., above 5 e (b). Esp. with verbs expressing what with us would be denoted by an adv. adjunct, but in Heb. idiom forms the principal idea, as 1 S 1:12 הִרְבְּתָה לְהִתְפַּלֵּל lit. did much in respect of praying ( = prayed long or much), Is 55:7 כִּי יַרְבֶּה לִסְלוֹחַ +; 2 K 2:10 הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל thou hast done hardly in respect of asking ( = asked a hard thing), 1 K 14:9 הֵרַע לַעֲשׂוֹת; so with הקריב Gn 12:11, מִהַר 27:20, הרחיק Ex 8:24 הֶעְפִּיל Nu 14:44, הֵהִין Dt 1:41, בּשֵׁשׁ Ju 5:28, הפליא 13:19, 2 Ch 26:15 (with pass. vb.), שׁוּב 1 K 13:17, Ezr 9:14, היטיב Je 1:12 + (without לְ 1 S 16:17), העמיק Is 29:15 +, קֵרֵב Ez 36:9, הגדיל Jo 2:20 +, קִדַּמְתִּי לִבְרֹחַ Jon 4:2, הגביהּ Ps 113:5, השׁפיל v:6; Gn 31:27 נַחְבֵּאתָ לִבְרֹחַ hast hidden thyself in regard to fleeing = hast fled secretly, 2 S 19:4 וַיִּתְגַּנֵּב לָבוֹא = come in stealthily. (c.) by an extension of (b), the inf. with לְ so forms the complement of a verb that, if the verb be trans., it becomes virtually its object: so very oft. with such verbs as הוסיף to add Gn 4:2, 4:12, הֵחֵל to begin 6:1, חדל 11:8, יכל 13:6, מִהַר 18:7, נתן to permit 20:6, אבה 24:5, בקשׁ Ex 2:15, מֵאֵן 7:14, למד Dt 14:23, חפץ 25:8, ידע 1 K 5:20 (these all occur also without לְ); הואיל to undertake, consent, Gn 18:17; 18:31, כִּלָּה to finish, תָּמַם Dt 2:16 (to come to an end in respect of), קִוָּה Is 5:2; also חִוָּה Gn 50:2, אָמַר Ex 2:14, דִּמָּה Nu 33:56, חשׁב 1 S 18:25, יעץ Ps 62:5, לִמֵּד Je 12:16, אָהֵב Ho 12:8: Dt 10:12 what doth י׳ ask of thee כי אם ליראה except to fear etc. ? (cf. Mi 6:8 after דרשׁ without ל). (d) as the subj. of a sentence (rare): Is 10:7 להשׁמיד בלבבו, 1 Ch 29:12; with טוב 1 S 15:22, Ps 118:8, 118:9, Ec 7:2, 7:5, Pr 21:9 (usu. without לְ, as v:19, 25:24, Ex 14:12); cf. Ex 8:22 לא נכון לעשׂות כן; 2 S 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת, Ne 13:13, Ezr 10:12, Mi 3:1 הלא לכם לדעת, Ezr 4:3, 2 Ch 13:5, 20:17, 26:18. (e) with יֵשׁ, אֵין (late), and (more rarely) לאֹ, in sense of it is (not) possible to…, or (sts.) there is no need to…: see יֵשׁ 2 c c (p. 442); אַיִן 5 (p. 34 b), adding Hag 1:6, Est 8:8, 2 Ch 22:9; לאֹ 1 a b (p. 518): and cf. Dr:§ 202 Ges:§ 114 l Dav:§ 94 b, 95 b. (f) with הָיָה, to express the idea of destination, as Nu 24:22 וקין יהיה לְבָעֵר shall be for consuming, Dt 31:17, Is 5:5, 6:13, 37:26, Ez 30:16, Ps 109:13 +. Cf. מֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת what is (was) to be done? Is 5:4, 2 K 4:13, 2 Ch 25:9 + (Dr:§ 203). (g) expressing (acc. to the context) tendency, intention, or obligation (the ‘periphrastic’ future):—Ho 9:13 וְאֶפְרַיִם לְהוֹחִיא אֶל הוֹרֵג בָּנָיו is for bringing forth (= must bring forth), Is 10:32 עוד היום בנֹב לעמד is he for tarrying (must he tarry), 38:20 להושׁיעני י׳, י׳ is (ready) to save me, 44:14 (si vera l.), Jer 51:49, Hb 1:17, Ps 32:9, 49:15 חוּרָם לְבַלּוֹת שְׁאוֹל = must Sheol waste away, 62:10 בְּמאֹזְנַיִם לַעֲלוֹת, Pr 18:24, 19:8 שׁומר תבונה למחא טוב will be finding prosperity, 20:25, Jb 30:6, 1 Ch 22:5 (לִבְנוֹת), Ec 3:15: of past time, Gn 15:12 ויהי השׁמשׁ לבוא was about to go down, Jos 2:5, 1 S 14:21 b (txt. dub.: Dr:§ 206 Obs.), 2 Ch 26:5 (strangely) ויהי לדרשׁ אלהים RV set himself to seek; usu. without היה, 2 S 4:10 אֲשֶׁר לְתִתִּי לוֹ to whom it was for my giving (I ought to have given), 2 K 13:19 לְהַכּוֹת percutiendum erat, 1 Ch 9:25, and more freely 2 Ch 11:22 כי להמליבו for (he was) for making him king, 12:12 ולא להשׁחית and was no longer for destroying him, 36:19 (?): in a question, Gn 30:15 וְלָקַחַת and art thou for taking ? Est 7:8, 2 Ch 19:2 הֲלָרָשָׁע לַעְזֹּר wilt thou help the wicked ? Cf. Dr:§ 204, Ges:158; 114 h-k, Dav:§ 94. (h) with וְ, in contin. (mostly) of a finite vb. or ptcp., Ex 32:29 וְלָתֵת …מַלְאוּ יֶדְכֶם and be for placing etc. Lv 10:10 f. (?), 1 S 8:12 וְלָשׂוּם …יִקַּח , Je 19:12 …אעשׂה וְלָתֵת, 44:14, Ho 12:3, Ps 25:14, 109:16, Jb 34:8, Ec 7:25, 9:1 (si vera l.), Dn 12:11, Neh 8:13, 1 Ch 10:13, 2 Ch 2:8, 7:17, 8:13, 30:9, Ez 13:22; Am 8:4 הַשֹּׁאֲפִים אֶבְיוֹן וְלַשְׁבִּית וג׳ and (that are) for making the poor to cease, Is 44:28 וְלֵאמֹר …הָאוֹמֵר , 56:6, Ps 104:21, Je 17:10, 44:19, 1 Ch 6:34 (cf. Dr:§ 206 Dav:§ 96 R. 4).—On לְמִן, v. מִן.

Note.—1 K 6:19 לְתִתֵּן שָׁם, the supposition that לְ is a conj. (= למען) is too alien to Heb. usage to be justified by the Ar. لِ for كِكَي, and the view that תִתֵּן here and 17:14 is an anom. form for תֵת (Ew:§ 238 c Kö:i. 305) is against analogy: rd. with Ol:§ 224 d, Ges:§ 67 A. 3, Klo, לָתֵת (as 17:14 Qr).

† לְמוֹ poet. for לְ (v. מוֹ) Jb 27:14, 29:21, 38:40, 40:4.

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not (Ar. لَا, Aram. לָא, ܠܳܐ, Sab. לא, Ass. lâ; not in Eth.: cf. Kö:ii. 1. 236 Walker:AJSL 1896, 237 ff.)—לוֹא, acc. to Mass. (Fr:MM 248), 35 t., besides בְּלוֹא 6 t., and הֲלוֹא, the orthogr. of which varies much (ib.:p. 251), e.g. in S always הֲלוֹא, in Chr always הֲלאֹ, on the whole הֲלוֹא 141 t., הֲלאֹ 128 t.; twice, acc. to Mass., written לו (Qr לאֹ), 1 S 2:16, 20:2, once לה Dt 3:11 Kt:—not—denying objectively, like οὐ (not μὴ = אַל):—

1. in predication: a. with a verb; so most freq., and nearly always (a) with the finite tenses, whether pf. (Gn 2:5 b, 4:5 etc.) or impf. (3:4, 8:21, 8:22, etc.); in short circumst. clauses, as Gn 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Is 40:20 לאֹ יִמּוֹט, and with a final force 41:7, Ex 28:32 (v. Ges:§ 156. 3 R. b, c Dr:§ 162). Governing two closely connected verbs (Dr:§ 115, לא) Ex 28:43 וְלאֹ יִשְׂאוּ עָוֹן וָמֵתוּ, Lv 19:12, 19:29 b, Dt 7:25, 7:26, 19:10, 22:1 al.; and two parallel clauses (Ges:§ 152. 3) Is 23:4 b, Ps 9:19, 44:19, Jb 3:1 al. With the impf., esp. with 2 ps., לאֹ often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not…, let not…, but) a prohibition, as Gn 2:17 לאֹ תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, 3:1, 3:3, Ex 20:3 לאֹ־יִהְיֶה לְְ there shall not be to thee, etc., v:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and juss. moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Ges:§ 109. 1 b R. 1), Gn 24:8, 1 S 14:36, 2 S 17:12, 18:14, 1 K 2:6, Ez 48:14. (b) with the inf. (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q.v.), only once, in בְּלאֹ (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; † Ju 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Am 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳, 1 Ch 5:1, 15:2 (Dr:§ 202. 2); cf. Aram. לָא Dan 6:9, Ezr 6:8. On its use with the ptcp., see b c. (c) לא always negatives properly the word immed. following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Gn 32:29 לאֹ יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֹד וג׳ not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, 45:8 לאֹ אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Ex 16:8, 1 S 8:7 כִּי לאֹ אֹתְְ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג׳, Ps 115:17; without a foll. correcting clause, Gn 38:9, Nu 16:29 :שְׁלָחָנִי לאֹ י׳ Not י׳ (but another) hath sent me, Dt 32:27 לאֹ פָּעַל זאֹת י׳, 1 Ch 17:4, Dt 8:9, Is 28:28 …לא לנחח not for ever (but only for a while)…(so 57:16, Ps 9:19, 49:18, 103:9; but Is 13:20 לא תשׁב לנחח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Is 43:22, Jb 13:16, 32:9; hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, 2 K 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezr 10:13, Je 4:11 a wind :לאֹ לְזָרוֹת וְלוֹא לְהָבַֽר not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Is 45:13, 48:1 b, Jos 24:12, Dn 11:20, 11:29, Jb 34:20 לאֹ בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: cf. Dn 2:34; also Jb 20:26 אֵשׁ לאֹ נֻפָָּךְ fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Lam 4:6; and אין Is 47:14). (d) standing alone: (a) אִם־לאֹ if not, Gn 18:21 :וְאִם־לאֹ אֵדָֽעָה, not found29:49, 42:16, Jb 9:24, 24:25; (β) אִם־לא…הֲ, or not, Gn 24:21 waiting to know דַּרְכּוֹ אִם־לאֹ הַהִחְלִיחַ י׳, 27:21, 37:32, Ex 16:4, Nu 11:23, Dt 8:2, Ju 2:22 (cf. אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, No: Ju 12:5 ויאמר לא, Hg 2:12; לא אדני Gn 23:11, 42:10, 1 S 1:15 +; oft. sq. כי, No: for…= No: but…, Gn 18:15 ויאמר לאֹ כִּי חָחָָקְתְּ, 19:2, Jos 5:14, 24:21, 1 S 2:16, Qr (v. Dr), 10:19 (LXX MSS), 2 S 16:18, 24:24, 1 K 3:22, 3:22 +; Jb 23:6 (strangely). (Cf., in deprecation, אַל.) (e) with an interrog. force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (cf. וְ 1 f; Ew:§ 324 a Ges:§ 150. 1 Dr:1 S 11:12): Jon 4:11 וַאֲנִי לאֹ אָחוּס וג׳…אַתָּה חַסְתָּ, Jb 2:10; 22:11; Ex 8:22; 2 K 5:26, Je 49:9 (‖ Ob:5 הֲלוֹא), Mal 2:15, La 3:38; and in passages, exeg. or text. doubtful (v. Comm.), 1 S 20:14, 2 S 23:5 (but v. Bu), Ho 10:9 (Ew We), 11:5 (Ew), Jb 14:16 b (but LXX Ew Di תַעֲבֹר), La 1:12 (Ew Ke), 3:36 (Ke Bä). b. with adjs. and subst.: (a) Gn 2:18 לאֹ טוֹב הֱֶיוֹת הָאָדָם לְבַדֹּו not good is man's being alone, Ex 18:17 + oft. (b) Ex 4:16 לאֹ אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Am 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Nu 23:9 לאֹ אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Dt 17:15 (v. אשׁר

2. b) 20:20, 32:47, 1 S 15:29, 2 S 18:20 לאֹ אִישׁ בְּשׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֹם, 21:2, 1 K 22:33, 2 K 6:19 לא זִה הדרך, Mi 2:10, Is 27:11, Ho 8:6; והמה לא אלהים Je 2:11, 16:20, 2 K 19:18, 1 K 19:11, 19:11 לאֹ בָרַעַשׁ י׳, Dt 30:12, 30:13, Jb 15:9, 28:14 לאֹ בִי הִיא (‖אֵין עִמָּדִי)s, Ps 74:9, Je 5:10 המה לוא לי׳, 10:16; Dt 32:21 בָּנִים לאֹ אֵמוּן בָּם, Je 10:14, Hb 1:14, Jb 16:17, 38:26 מִדְבָּר לאֹ אָדָם בּוֹ; 1 K 22:17 לאֹ אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Je 49:31, Ps 22:3 וְלאֹ דוּמִיָּה לִי, Jb 18:17, 18:19, 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, 30:13, 33:9; Je 2:19 וְלאֹ פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Jb 21:9; abs. Gn 29:7 לאֹ־עֵתִ הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Hg 1:2), Nu 20:5, 2 K 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Is 44:9, Je 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Jb 9:32, 22:16, 36:26, 41:2; Pr 19:7 (si vera l.) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לאֹ־הֵמָּה words which are not, which are nought. (c) with the ptcp. לאֹ is rare, a finite vb. being usu. preferred (Ex 34:7 וְנַקִּה לאֹ יְנַקֶּה: Ew:§ 320 c Dr:§ 162): 2 S 3:34 יָדֶיְ לאֹ אֲסֻרוֹת, Ez 4:14, 22:24, Dt 28:61, Ps 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לאֹ שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Jb 12:3, 13:2 לאֹ נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Zp 3:5 (very anom.); 1 K 10:21 לא is prob. text. err. In וְהוּא לאֹ שׂנֵא לוֹ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Dt 4:42, 19:4, 19:6, Jos 20:5 (cf. אֹיֵב Nu 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a subst., he being a not-hater to him afore-time.—In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לאֹ is more pointed and forcible.

2. Not in predication: a. coupled to an adj. to negative it, like the Gk. a²-, but usu. by way of litotes: Ho 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son, Ps 36:5 דֶּרֶח לאֹ טוֹב a way not good, 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Pr 16:29, 30:25, 30:26, Ez 20:25, 2 Ch 30:17 : Is 16:14 לוֹא כַבִּיר, cf. 10:7 לאֹ מְעַט. b. with a ptcp. Je 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Is 62:12 עִיר לאֹ נֱעֶזָ֫בָה (cf. 54:11), Je 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֹא נוֹשָׁ֫בָה, 15:18, 22:6, 31:18, Zp 2:1). c. † Gn 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Je 5:19, Hab 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֹת לאֹ־לוֹ, Pr 26:17 רִיב לאֹ־לוֹ. d. with a subst., in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (Germ. un- is sts. used similarly): Dt 32:5(?), 32:17, 32:21 a they made me jealous בְּלאֹ אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), v:b בְּלאֹ עָם i.e. with an unorganized horde, Am 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלאֹ בָבָר i.e. at a thing wh. is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Is 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לאֹ עֵץ like a rod's lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Je 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלאֹ אֱלֽהִים by not-gods, in late prose 2 Ch 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלאֹ אֱלֽהִים; Ps 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְְּ בְּלאֹ־הוֹן for no-value (i.e. cheaply), Pr 13:23, Jb 10:12 חלמות וְלאֹ סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לאֹ־עַמִּי Ho 1:9, 2:25: still more pregnantly Jb 26:2 a מֶה־עָזַרְתָּ לְלאֹ־כֹחַ (poet. for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, v:2b; v:3a (Ew:§ 286 g Ges:§ 152. 1 n.), 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלאֹ לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Hb 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לאֹ־לוֹ what is not his own (cf. Jb 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֹ). Cf. with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Is 65:1 לְלאֹ שָׁאָָלוּ to those who have not asked, v:b Je 2:8 אַחֲרִי לאֹ יוֹעִילוּ, v:11b; also לאֹ רֻחָ֫מָה Ho 1:6, 1:8, 2:25, and prob. Jb 31:31 לאֹ נִשְׂבָָּע (pf. in p.) one not satisfied. e. in circ. clauses (Dr:§ 164), poet. and rare: qualifying a subst., 2 S 23:4 בֹּקֶר לאֹ עָבוֹת a morning without clouds, Job 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לאֹ דֶרֶח in a pathless waste, 38:26a; and a verb Jb 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּרִים לאֹ חֵקֶר without inquiry, Ps 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (cf. v:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, 1 Ch 2:30, 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q.v., are more usual in such cases).

3. Once (acc. to many MSS), as a subst., Jb 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לאֹ for now are ye become nothing, Hi De Kö (cf. Dn 4:32 (Aram.) כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִין, Targum here כְּלָא הֲוֵיתוּן, and אַל Jb 24:25); but reading fluctuates (Orientals לאֹ, Qr לו, Westerns, Baer (v. pp. 37, 56) לוֹ [‘now are ye become that,’ viz. the נַחַל אַכְזָב of v:15]; but even לוֹ yields a forced sense; and text is prob. wrong: Mich Ew Ol Sgf Bu לִי…כֵּן (LXX SyrVer also rd. לִי); Bö Di לְאָָיִן…כִּי. Cf. Ko:ii. 1. 236 f.

4. With prefixes:—a. † בְּלאֹ:31 (chiefly poet. or late), acc. to the varying signif. of בְּ: (a) usu. with not = without, Je 22:13 בונה ביתו בלא־ חדק without justice (‖בלא משׁפט; so Ez 22:29, Pr 16:8), Is 55:1, 55:1; Pr 19:2, Jb 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶה־גֹּמֶא בְּלאֹ בִצָּה without mire ‖כלי מים, 30:28 בְּלאֹ חַמָּה (=not through the sun), La 1:6 וילכו בלא־כח, Nu 35:22 בְּלאֹ חְדִיָּה …בְּלאֹ אֵיבָה , v:23 (sq. inf.) בְּלאֹ רְאוֹת, 2 Ch 21:20, Ec 10:11; Ps 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלאֹ שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chr, 1 Ch 12:18 :בְּלאֹ חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי, v:34 בְּלאֹ לֵב וָלֵב, 2 Ch 30:18 בְּלאֹ כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., La 4:14 בְּלאֹ יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc. (b) of time, in not, i.e. outside of, Lv 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָח֔, before Jb 15:32 בלא־יומו, Ec 7:17 :בְּלאֹ עִתֶּךְ . (c) where לאֹ belongs to the foll. word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (v. supr. 2 d), Dt 32:21, 32:21, Je 5:7, Pr 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Ps 44:13, Is 55:2, 55:2, Je 2:11 בְּלוֹא יוֹעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.

b. הֲלאֹ nonne ? Gn 4:7 + oft. Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used, (a) esp. in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Gn 13:19 Is not the whole land before thee ? 19:20, 20:5, 27:36, 29:25, Ex 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc. Do not I ? 33:16, Ju 4:6, 4:14, 8:2, 9:28, 9:38, 1 S 9:20, 9:21, 15:17 etc.; with a vb. in 1 ps., Jos 1:9 הלא חויתיך, Ju 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, 1 S 20:30, 2 S 19:23, Ru 2:9: similarly in a poet. or rhet. style, Ju 5:30 הלא ימחאו יחלקו שׁלל, Is 8:19, 10:8, 10:9, 10:11, 28:25, 29:17, 40:21, 40:23, 42:24, 43:19 etc., Jb 4:6, 4:21, 7:1, 10:10, 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetor. emph. what is, or might be, well known: Dt 3:11 הֲלֽה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, 11:30, 1 S 21:12 הלוא זה דוד וג׳ (cf. 29:3, 29:5, 2 S 11:3), 23:19, 26:1, 2 S 15:35; it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (LXX sts. represents it by ιδου, as Jos 1:9, Ju 6:14, Ru 2:9, 2 S 15:35); so esp. in the phrase of the compiler of K, And the rest of the acts of…, כְּתוּבִים (הֵמָּה)הֲלאֹ הֵם are they not written in, etc. ? 1 K 11:41, 14:29 + oft. (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים 1 K 14:19, 2 K 15:11, 15:26, 15:31, which is gen. used by the Chr, 2 Ch 16:11, 20:34, etc.), Jos 10:13 (cf. 2 S 1:18 הִנֵּה), 1 K 8:53 LXX, Est 10:2; Ps 56:14 (strangely: contr. 116:8).—הֲלאֹ הִנֵּה † Hb 2:13, 2 Ch 25:26 (הִנָּם).—On Ju 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.

c. † וָ֔ל֕אֹ and not=and if not, 2 S 13:26, 2 K 5:17. Comp. וָּיֵשׁ. d. † כְּלוֹא Ob:16 והיו כלוא היו, poet. for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.

e. † לְלאֹ without, lit. in the condition of no…2 Ch 15:3 (comp. לְאֵין, also in Chr). Elsewhere לא belongs to the foll. word, Am 6:13, 2 Ch 13:9, Is 65:1, 65:1, Jb 26:2, 26:3, 39:16 (v. supr. 2 d).

Note.—Fifteen times, acc. to Mas. (v. De:Ps 100. 3 Fr:MM 247 Str:Prol. Cr. 84), לא is written by error for לוֹ, viz. Ex 21:8, Lv 11:21, 25:30, 1 S 2:3, 2 S 16:18, 2 K 8:10, Is 9:2, 63:9, Ps 100:3, 139:16, Jb 13:15, 41:4, Pr 19:7, 26:2, Ezr 4:2 (always with Qr לוֹ). The passages must be considered each upon its own merits: in some לוֹ yields a preferable sense; but this is not the case in all. There is the same קרי (rightly) on Is 49:5, 1 Ch 11:20; but these were not considered to rest upon equal authority, and are hence not reckoned with the fifteen.—In Ju 21:22 (v. GFM), 1 S 13:13, 20:14, 20:14, and in Jb 9:33 לאֹ יֵשׁ, rd. prob. לֻא for לאֹ.

† לאֹ דְבָר, לוֹ דְבָר n.pr.loc. in Gilead, near, perh. east of, Mahanaim (q.v.);—לאֹ ד׳ 2 S 17:37 (LXX Λωδαβαρ, Λαδαβαρ); Gr We rd. also לאֹ דְבָר Am 6:13 = same city (but v. Dr); = לוֹ ד׳ 2 S 9:4; 9:5 (LXX Λαδαβαρ); perh. also intended in מִמַּחֲנַיִם עַד־גְּבוּל לִדְבִר Jos 13:26 (cf. Di Bla; LXX Δαιβων, A Δαβειρ, LXXL Δεβηρ); v. II. דְּבִיר, p. 184 supr.

לאֹ עַמִּי n.pr.m. (not my people: see לאֹ 2 d) symb. name of Hosea's son, Ho 1:9, cf. 2:25 (v. also 2:1; 2:3).

לאֹ רֻחָ֫מָה n.pr.f. (uncompassionated: Ges:§ 152 a, N) symb. name of Hosea's daughter, Ho 1:6, 1:8, cf. 2:25 (v. also 2:3).

לֻא 2 S 18:12 Kt (Qr לוּ) if: v. לוּ. p.530

לאב (√ of foll., cf. Ar. لَابَ (med. و) be thirsty, لُوبَةُ, لَابَةُ a stony tract of land (v. Wetzst:Reisebericht 99)).

† [תַּלְאֻבָה] n.f. drought;—only pl. intens., בַּמִּדְבָּר בְּאֶרֶץ תַּלְאֻבוֹת Ho 13:5.

† [לָאָה] vb. be weary, impatient (cf. Ar. لَأَ be slow, hesitating (Frey); مَلْأَنُ after difficulty, لَاَكَ: with difficulty (Lane:3007); Aram. לְאִי, بَعْدَ لَأْيِن, لَأيَنا);—Qal Impf. 2 ms. תִּלְאֶה Jb 4:2; וַתֵָּלֶא Jb 4:5; 3 pl. וַיִּלְאוּ Gn 19:11; —be weary (in vain endeavour) sq. Inf. Gn 19:11; be weary, impatient at attempted consolation abs. Jb 4:2; at calamity abs. Jb 4:5 (‖בָּהַל). Niph. Pf. נִלְאָה Pr 26:15 + 2 t.; 2 fs. נִלְאֵית Is 47:13; נִלְאֵיתִי Is 1:14 + 3 t., etc.;—sq. inf. be weary of doing a thing, Ex 7:18 (JE), make oneself weary in doing something Pr 26:15 (of sluggard's laziness), weary (i.e. strenuously exert) oneself to Je 9:4, 20:9; abs. of eager and hopeless prayer על־הַבָּמָה נִל׳ Moab, Is 16:12 (‖נִרְאָה, בָּא אֶל־מִקְדָּשׁוֹ לְהִתְפַּלֵּל); of vain consultations, (sq. בְּ) Babylon Is 47:13; subj. י׳, sq. inf. Is 1:14; Je 6:11, 15:6, always of exhausted patience; fig. of parched soil (abs.) Ps 68:10. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הֶלְאָנִי Jb 16:7; 3 fs. הֶלְאָת Ez 24:12 (del. LXX Co), 1 s. sf. הֶלְאֵתִיְ Mi 6:3; Impf. וַיַּלְאוְּ Je 12:5; תַּלְאוּ Is 7:13; Inf.cstr. הַלְאוֹת Is 7:13; —weary, make weary, exhaust, sq. acc. Jb 16:7 (subj. God); exhaust patience of, obj. God Is 7:13; obj. men Is 7:13, Je 12:5, Mi 6:3.

† תְּלָאָה n.f. weariness, hardship;—ת׳ Ex 18:8 + 4 t.; of distress of Isr. in Egypt Nu 20:14; in wilderness Ex 18:8 (both JE); from Assyr., Bab., etc. Ne 9:32; cf. La 3:5 (‖ראֹשׁ, gall); Mal 1:13.

לֵאָה:34 n.pr.f. Leah, elder daughter of Laban, and wife of Jacob (perh. = wild-cow, Ar. ܠܠܳܐ, (ܠܠܺܝ) [cf. רָחֵל ewe], Dl:Prol. 80 RS:K 219 and (doubtfully) Nö:ZMG xl. 1886, 167; also Gray:Heb. Names, 96; others as Hpt:GGN 1883, 100 comp. As. liÕ’at, in sense mistress; on poss. relation of לֵאָה to לִוֵי v. לִוֵי);—mother of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun and Dinah; Gn 29:16, 29:17, 29:23, 29:24, 29:25, 29:30, 29:31, 29:32 (cf. vv:33, vv:34, vv:35) 30:9 + 15 t. Gn 31, 32, 33:1, 33:2, 33:7, 34:1, 35:23, 35:26, 46:15, 46:18, 49:31, Ru 4:11; LXX Λ(ε)ια.

† לָאַט vb. cover, only Qal Pf. 3 ms. אֶת־פָּנָיו וְהַמֶּלֶח ל׳ 2 S 19:5, rd. perh. לָאט, fr. לוּט We Dr Bu.

לָאט Ju 4:21, etc., v. לוּט. p. 532

לְאַט לָאַט gently, v. אַט sub אטט p. 31 supr.

לאך (√ of מַלְאָח מְלָאכָה, cf. Ar. لَأَي, لَآةُ send, لَأَكَ messenger, Eth. أَلْأَكَ send a messenger, v. tal0k: be sent, wait on, minister; mal0ak: = Heb. מַלְאָח; cf. Ph. מלאך messenger; NH מַלְאָח Aram. מַלְאֲכָא, as in Heb.)

מַלְאָךְ:214 n.m. messenger;—מ׳ Ex 23:20 + 48 t.; cstr. מַלְאַךְ Gn 16:7 + 69 t.; sfs. מַלְאָכִי Ex 23:23 + 3 t.; מַלְאָכוֹ Gn 24:7, 24:40; pl. מַלְאָכִים Gn 32:4 + 63 t. + מלאכים 2 S 11:1 Kt ( Qr מלכים); cstr. מַלְאֲכֵי Gn 28:12 + 11 t.; מַלְאָכֶיְ Nu 24:12, 2 K 19:23; מַלְאָכֵכֵה Na 2:14 error for מַלְאָכֵכִי = מַלְאָכַיְכִי Ges:§ 91, (2) Anm. 2 or < for מַלְאָכֵךְ by dittogr. fr. foll. הוֹי Kö:ii. 1. 571). מַלְאָכָיו 2 Ch 36:15 + 8 t.;—

1. messenger, a. one sent with a message Gn 32:4 + 8 t. JE; Dt 2:26, (not in P); Ju 6:35 + 8 t.; 1 S 6:21 + 51 t. S K, 1 Ch 14:1, 19:2, 19:16, 2 Ch 18:12, 35:21, Ne 6:3, Jb 1:14, Pr 13:17, 17:11, Is 14:32, 18:2, 30:4, 37:9, 37:14, Je 27:3, Ez 17:15, 23:16, 23:40, 30:9, Na 2:14; מלאכי שׁלום, messengers of peace Is 33:7. b. a prophet Is 42:19, 44:26, 2 Ch 36:15, 36:16, Hg 1:13; the herald of the advent מלאכי Mal 3:1. c. priest Mal 2:7, prob. Ec 5:5 (RV angel). d. ‖מֵלִיץ Jb 33:23, a messenger from God acting as an interpreter and declaring what is right (angel of RV too specific). e. fig. רָעִים מ׳ messengers of evil Ps. 78:49; מות מ׳ messenger of death Pr 16:14; ‖רוחות winds his messengers Ps. 104:4.

2. angel, as messenger of God, מלאכים with God in theophanies Gn 19:1, 19:15, 28:12, 32:2 (JE), praising him; Ps 103:20, 148:2; in his sight not without error Jb 4:18 charged with the care of the pious Ps 91:11; elsewhere sg. sent to a prophet 1 K 13:18, 19:5, 19:7, 2 K 1:3, 1:15, Zc 1:9 + 18 t. in Zc 1–6; excellent, wise, powerful 1 S 29:9, 2 S 14:17, 14:20, 19:28, Zc 12:8; encamping about the faithful Ps 34:8; chasing his enemies Ps 35:5, 35:6; destroying by judgment of Yahweh 2 S 24:16, 24:17 = 1 Ch 21:12–30; 2 K 19:35 = Is 37:36 = 2 Ch 32:21. †

3. the theophanic angel אלהים(ה) מ׳ in the story of E: Gn 21:17, 31:11, Ex 14:19, also in Ju 6:20, 13:6, 13:9; יהוה מ׳ in the story of J: Gn 16:7, 16:9, 16:10, 16:11, 22:11, 22:15, Ex 3:2, Nu 22:22, 22:23, 22:24, 22:25, 22:26, 22:27, 22:31, 22:32, 22:34, 22:35 and in Ju 2:1, 2:4, 5:23, 6:11, 6:12, 6:21, 6:21, 6:22, 6:22, 13:3, 13:13, 13:15, 13:16, 13:16, 13:17, 13:18, 13:20, 13:20, 13:21, הַמַּלְאָךְ Gn 48:16 (E); מַלְאָךְ Ex 23:20 (E), 33:2, Nu 20:16, (JE), Ho 12:5; מַלְאָכִי Ex 23:23 (E), 32:34 (J); מַלְאָכוֹ Gn 24:7, 24:40 (J), פניו מ׳ Mal 3:1 (referring to the ancient מלאך); הכרית מ׳ Mal 3:1 (referring to the advent of י׳ for judgment, see Br:MP 473). The theophanic angel is not mentioned in D and P.

מְלָאכָה:167 n.f. occupation, work (for …מַלְאָכָה; cf. Ph. מלאכת labour)—מ׳ Ex 12:16 + 102 t.; מְלָָאכֶת 2 Ch 13:10; cstr. מְלֶאכֶת Ex 35:24 + 42 t.; sf. מְלַאכְתְְּ Jon 1:8; מְלַאכְתְֶָּ Ex 20:9 + 2 t.; מְלַאכְתּוֹ Gn 2:2 + 13 t.; pl. cstr. מַלְאֲכוֹת 1 Ch 28:19; sf. מַלְאֲכוֹתֶיְ Ps 73:28; —

1. occupation, business, מַה מְּלַאכְתְְּ what is thy occupation Jon 1:8; business of a steward Gn 39:11 (J); diligent in business Pr 22:29; slack in business 18:9.

2. property in which one is occupied, רעהוּ מ׳ his neighbour's property Ex 22:7, 22:10 (E); possessions of herds and flocks Gn 33:14 (J), 1 S 15:9 (cf. מִקְנֶה); רבה מ׳ great property 2 Ch 17:13.

3. work as something done or made: a. of God in creation Gn 2:2, 2:2, 2:3 (P), in judgment Je 50:25, in general Ps 73:28. b. of men, עור מ׳ leather-work Lv 13:48, 13:51 (P), השׂדה מ׳ work in the field 1 Ch 27:26; in building Pr 24:27 + , the walls of Jerusalem Ne 4:5 + , making the tabernacle and its furniture Ex 36:2 + , the temple 1 K 5:30 + ; work of the potter Je 18:3, of the seaman Ps 107:23, of the Levites 1 Ch 26:29, of priests in the sacrifices 2 Ch 29:34; † עֲבֹדָה(הָ) מְלָאכֶת phrase of P, Ex 35:24, 36:1, 36:3, Lv 23:7, 23:8, 23:21, 23:25, 23:35, 23:36, Nu 28:18, 28:25, 28:26, 29:1, 29:12, 29:35 also 1 Ch 9:13, 9:19, 28:13, 28:20, 2 Ch 24:12; לעבדה המ׳ 1 Ch 23:24; עבדה למ׳ Ex 36:5 (P); cf. the phrase עֹשֵׂה המ׳ workmen Ezr 3:9, Ne 2:16; עֹשִׂים במ׳ 1 K 5:30, 9:23 + ; כל מ׳ any work forbidden on the Sabbath Ex 20:9, 20:10, Lv 23:3 (P) Dt 5:13, 5:14, Je 17:22, 17:24; on holy convocations Ex 12:16, Lv 16:29, 23:28, 23:30, 23:31, Nu 29:7 (P). †

4. workmanship, כל מלאכה in every kind of workmanship, phrase of P: Ex 31:3, 31:5, 35:29, 35:31, 35:33, 35:35; and Chr: 1 Ch 22:15, 28:21, 29:5; 1 K 7:14. †

5. service, use Lv 7:24, 11:32, Ju 16:11, Ez 28:13. †

6. public business: a. political 1 K 11:28, 1 Ch 29:6, Dn 8:27, Est 3:9, 9:3. b. religious, putting away foreign wives Ezr 10:13; יהוה מ׳ 1 Ch 26:30; הַקֹּדֶשׁמ׳ Ex 36:4, 38:24 (P), קדשׁ הקדשׁים מ׳ 1 Ch 6:34; אהל מ׳ מועד Ex 35:21 (P), בית י׳ מ׳ 1 Ch 23:4, Ezr 3:8, 6:22, Ne 10:34, 11:22.

† [מַלְאָכוּת] n.f. message, cstr. מַלְאֲכוּת Hg 1:13.

† מַלְאָכִי appar. n.pr.m. Malachi, Mal 1:1, but in fact not historical name of author, nor pseudonym for Ezra; prob. a conjecture based on 3:1; so many moderns; see Dr:Intr.

† לָאֵל n.pr.m. (belonging to God; cf. Palm. לשמש: v. Nö:WZKM, 1892, 314 Gray:Heb. Names, 207) a Gershonite-Levite; Nu 3:24, LXX Δαηλ, Δαουηλ.

לאם (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. لَأَمَ bind up, or together, III. reconcile, bring together (Thes Ba:NB§ 65 n. 2); > Lag:BN 180 who comp. لَؤُمَ be low, ignoble, لِئَامُ [pl.] common ones, hence לְאֹם prop. common, vulgar people).

† לְאֹם, לְאוֹם n.m. :Gn 25:23 people, poet. and chiefly late;—ל׳ abs. Gn 25:23, 25:23, Pr 14:28, לְאוֹם Pr 11:26; sf. לְאוּמִּי Is 51:4; pl. לְאֻמִּים Gn 25:23 + 28 t.; לְאוּמִים Is 55:4; —people, both of Isr. and of Edom, Gn 25:23, 25:23, 25:23 (J; Jacob and Esau; ‖גּוֹי); elsewhere of Isr. only Is 51:4 (sg. ‖עַם); usu. pl. of other peoples:—שְׁאוֹן ל׳ Is 17:12 (‖הֲמוֹן עמים, cf. v:13; ‖גּוֹיִם Is 34:1, 43:9, Ps 2:1, 44:3, 44:15, 105:44, 149:7, cf. Is 55:4, 55:4 (גּוֹי in v:5); ‖עַמִּים Gn 27:29 (J), Hb 2:13, Je 51:58, Ps 47:4, 57:10, 67:5, 67:5, 108:4, Pr 24:24; further Is 41:1, 49:1 (both ‖אִיִּים), 43:4 (‖אָדָם), 60:2 (‖אֶרֶץ), Ps 9:9 (‖תֵּבֵל), 148:11 (‖מַלְכֵי אֶרֶץ, etc.); עֲדַת לְאֻמִּים Ps 7:8, הֲמוֹן ל׳ 65:8; of any and all peoples Pr 14:34; sg. Indef. = people in gen., as making public opinion, 11:26 (coll., c. pl. vb.); = population, as subjects of prince 14:28 (‖עַם).

† לְאֻמִָּים n.pr.gent., as ‘son’ of Dedan Gn 25:3. ALXX L Λοωμ(ι)ειμ. (Sab. n.pr. trib. לאמם, לאימם SabDenkm:11).

לֵב v. sub לבב infr. p. 524

לבא (√ of foll.; v. Ar. لَبُؤَةُ, لَبْأَةُ, لَبَأَةُ lioness, cf. לָבִיא; v. perh. also Ph. n.pr. לבא CIS:i. 147; Jastrow:JBL xi. (1892) 120 f. comp. Tel el-Am. n.pr. Labâ’ (Bez:BM Labay[a]); poss. is also Lapaya, which Wkl:TA, 1896 rds.; deriv. only poet.)

† [לְבִי] n.[m., f.] lion;—only pl. and fig. of foes נַפְשִׁי בְּתוֹךְ לְבָאִם Ps 57:5; of Assyrians לִבְאֹתָָיו Na 2:13 (‖גֹּרֹתָיו; sf. ref. to אַרְיֵה).

† לְבִיָּא n.f. lioness (on format v. Lag:BN 93);— Ez 19:2 (‖אֲרָיוֹת) fig. of mother of Isr.

† לָבִיא n.[m.] lion, poss. also [f.] lioness (cf. Ar. usage, and Gn 49:9, Nu 24:9, Jb 4:11, etc.; but this by no means certain);—ל׳ abs. Gn 49:9 + 10 t.;—Is 30:6 (‖לַיִשׁ), Jb 38:39 (‖כְּפִיר); Gn 49:9 in sim. of victor's repose (רָבַץ; ‖אַרְיֵה), cf. Nu 24:9 (c. שָׁכַב; ‖אֲרִי), Dt 33:20 (שָׁכֵן וְטָרַף); v. also Nu 23:24 (קוּם; ‖אֲרִי); fig. of Nineveh Na 2:12 (‖אַרְיֵה), cf. Is 5:29 (שָֽׁאֲגָה in sim.; ‖כְּפִירִים); fig. of wicked Jb 4:11 (+ אַרְיֵה, שָָׁחַל, כְּפִיר, לַיִשׁ v:10; v:11); sim. of י׳, devouring (אָכַל) in judgment Ho 13:8; fig. of locusts מְתַלְּעוֹת ל׳ Jo 1:6 (‖שִׁנֵּי אַרְיֵה).

† לְבָאוֹת n.pr.loc. a city in S. Judah, Jos 15:32, LXX Δαβως, ALXXL Δαβωθ = בֵּית ל׳ (q. v. p. III supr.) Jos 19:6, LXX Βαθαρωθ, LXXL Βηθλεβαωθ. Site unknown.

† לבב (mng. dub.; Dl:Pr. 88 ff. finds orig. mng. in As. labâbu, in unruhiger Bewegung sein;—√ of לֵבָב, לֵב; cf. NH id., As. libbu, Aram. לִבָּא ܠܶܟܳܐ Eth. lb: Ar. لُبُّ Sab. לב, Sab. Denkm.:p. 13, No. 1, 1. 7);—the literary usage of לֵב and לֵבָב is:

1. earliest poetry, J and E chiefly, Eph doc. of Ju S K chiefly, Am Ho Zc 9–11 Is 15 use לֵב.

2. לֵבָב first appears in Is and certain strata of E and Eph doc. of Ju S K, and is continued in Zp Na (prob.) D H Dt editors and some Psalm Psalm

3. Je Ez Jb prefer לֵב but use occasionally לֵבָב.

4. Is:2; Is:3 La and exilic Psalm Psalm Use לֵב.

5. Is 13–14:23, Je 50–51, Hg Zc 1–8, Jo Jon Ps 25, 90, 104, use לבב.

6. Mal Ob Zc 12–14 Memorials of Ezr and Ne Pr Ru Ct and many Psalm Psalm of Persian period use לֵב.

7. Chr and Dn use לֵבָב.

8. Ec Est and latest Psalm Psalm use לֵב. Exceptions will be noted and suspected passages indicated by ? under לבב and לב which are treated apart. See Br. 'Study of the use of לב and לבב in the O.T.' in semitic Studies in Memory of Dr. Kohut, Berlin, 1897.

† לֵבָב:251 n.m.:Ps 104:15 inner man, mind, will, heart;—abs. ל׳ Dt 28:28 + 31 t.; cstr. לִבַב Dt 20:8 + 22 t.; sf. לְבָבִי Is 21:4 + 24 t.; לְבָֽבְְ Dt 4:29 + 35 t.; לְבָבְֶָ Dt 4:39 + 21 t.; לְבָבֵח 1 S 1:8 + 3 t.; לְבָבוֹ Dt 2:30 + 37 t.; לְבָבָהּ Zp 2:15 + 3 t.; לִבָבֵנוּ Dt 1:28 + 3 t.; לְבַבְכֶם Dt 10:16 + 37 t.; לְבָבָם Lv 26:41 + 22 t.; pl. לִבְבֵהֶן Na 2:8 (Sta:§ 353 a rds. לְבַבְהֶן, but see Ko:ii. 78); pl. לְבָבוֹת 1 Ch 28:9.—The inner, middle, or central part: I. seldom of things בִּלְבַב יַמִּים in the Midst of the seas Jon 2:3 (poetry); עד לבב השׁמים unto the midst of heaven Dt 4:11 (so Sam but MT לב). II. usu. of men:

1. the inner man in contrast with the outer, כלה שׁארי ולבבי my flesh and my heart (soul) doth fail Ps 73:26; antithesis with garments Jo 2:13; hands Ps 73:13, La 3:41 ?; eyes Nu 15:39 (H) 1 S 16:7; ears Ez 3:10; mouth Dt 30:14; speech Ps 28:3, 78:18; מְתֹפֲפֹת עַל־לִבְבֵהֶן tabering upon their breasts Na 2:7 (inner for outer).

2. the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, or, in connexion with certain verbs, having more specific reference to some one of them. בכל־לבב ובכל־נפשׁ with all the heart and with all the soul Dt 4:29, 6:5, 10:12, 11:13, 13:4, 26:16, 30:2, 30:6, 30:10, Jos 22:5, 23:14, 1 K 2:4, 8:48, (= 2 Ch 6:38 לב ?) 2 K 23:25, 2 Ch 15:12, 34:31 ( = 2 K 23:3 לב ?) Je 32:41; abbr. בכל־לבב 1 S 7:3, 12:20, 12:24, 1 K 14:8, 2 K 10:31, 2 Ch 15:5, 22:9, 31:21, Ps 86:12, 111:1, Je 29:13, Jo 2:12; אשׁר בלבב what is in the heart (mind) Dt 8:2, 1 S 9:19, 14:7, 2 S 7:3 ( = 1 Ch 17:2) 2 K 10:30; 2 Ch 32:31; cf. Jb 10:13, Ps 84:6 (?); עם לבב with the heart (mind), c. ידע Dt 8:5, שִׂיחַ Ps 77:7, usu. c. היה, of a thought or purpose, Dt 15:9, Jos 14:7, 1 K 8:17, 8:18, 8:18 ( = 2 Ch 6:7; 6:8; 6:8) 10:2 ( = 2 Ch 9:1) 1 Ch 22:7, 28:2, 2 Ch 1:11, 29:10 (cf. 24:4 לב); כלבב according to the heart 1 S 13:14, 14:7, Ps 20:7. We may add Dt 5:26, 11:16, 11:18, 17:17, 1 S 2:35, 2 S 19:15, 1 K 8:39, 8:39 ( = 2 Ch 6:30; 6:30) 11:2, 11:3 (לב an error) v:4, v:9, 1 Ch 12:17, 22:19, 28:9, Ps 62:9, 86:11, 139:23, Is 7:2, Dn 11:27; 11:28.

3. specific ref. to mind (characteristic of לבב): a. אַנְשֵׁי לֵבָב men of mind Jb 34:10; 34:34; גם לי לבב I also have a mind Jb 12:3; הוֹלֵלוֹת בִּל׳ madness is in (their) mind Ec 9:3 (?); וַתִּגְנֹב לְבָבִי and thou didst steal my mind Gn 31:26 (E, the לֵב of v:20 should be corrected to לבב cf. ‘steal me’ v:27). b. knowledge, c. ידע Dt 8:5, 23:14, 1 K 2:44; הבין Is 6:10, 32:4; חֲכַם לֵבָב wise of mind Jb 9:4; לְבַב חָכְמָה mind of wisdom Ps 90:12. c. thinking, reflection, c. חשׁב Is 10:7, Zc 7:10, 8:17; (שׂיּח Ps 77:7 supr.); יחר מחשׁבות ל׳ conception of thoughts of mind 1 Ch 29:18; מַשְׂכִּיּוֹת ל׳ imaginations of (their) mind Ps 73:7; מוֹרָשֵׁי ל׳ possessions (thoughts) of (my) mind Jb 17:11; שׂם לבב set the mind, consider Hg 2:15, 2:18, 2:18, c. לְ Dt 32:46, על Hg 1:5, 1:7. d. of memeory שׂס בלבב lay up in the mind 1 S 21:13, Jb 22:22; השׁיב אל ל׳ lay to heart, call to mind Dt 4:39, 30:1, 2 Ch 6:37 ( = 1 K 8:47 לב ?); עלה על ל׳ come upon the mind Je 51:50, Ez 38:10 (cf. לֵב 3 d); סוּר מל׳ depart from the mind Dt 4:9; שׁמר בתוך ל׳ keep in the midst of (thy) mind Pr 4:21; על ל׳ upon the mind Dt 6:6.

4. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions determinations of the will (characteristic of ל׳): הכין ל׳ set the mind, c. אֶל 1 S 7:3, 1 Ch 29:18, לְ 2 Ch 20:33 לדרשׁ 2 Ch 19:3, 30:19, Ezr 7:10; אֶלהטה ל׳ Jos 24:23 (E) 1 K 8:58; לדרשׁ נתן ל׳ 1 Ch 22:19, cf. 2 Ch 11:16; פנה מעם ל׳ mind turn away from Dt 29:17, 30:17; פ׳ יֵהָפֵח ל׳ Pharaoh's mind was changed Ex 14:5 (E).

5. spec. ref. to conscience לא יחרף לבבי my heart (conscience) shall not reproach me Jb 27:6.

6. spec. ref. to moral character (characteristic of ל׳): God tries the ל׳ 1 Ch 29:17: a. ישֶׁר ל׳ uprightness of heart Dt 9:5, 1 Ch 29:17, Ps 119:7 (?); יִשְׁרֵי ל׳ 2 Ch 29:34; יִשְׁרַת ל׳ 1 K 3:6; יָשָׁר ל׳ 2 K 10:15, 10:15, 10:15, תָּס־ל׳ integrity of heart Gn 20:5, 20:6 (E) 1 K 9:4, Ps 78:72, 101:2; (עִם)שָׁלֵם ל׳ heart perfect (with) 1 K 8:61, 11:4, 15:3, 15:14 (= 2 Ch 15:17) 2 K 20:3 (= Is 38:3 לֵב ?) 1 Ch 12:39, 29:19, 2 Ch 16:9, 19:9, 25:2; בַּר־ל׳ pure in heart Ps 24:4; בָּרֵי ל׳ Ps 73:1. We may add 2 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 34:27, Ne 9:8, Je 32:40. b. it is the seat of naughtiness 1 S 17:28 (?), erring Ps 95:10; is forward Ps 101:4. c. seat of pride, Ps 101:5, Is 9:8, 10:12, 60:5 (?) Ez 28:5, 28:6 (?) Dn 8:25; רָם ל׳ heart is lifted up Dt 8:14, 17:20, Ez 31:10, Dn 11:12. d. is circumcised Dt 10:16, 30:6, Je 4:4, or uncircumcised Lv 26:41 (H); is hardened אמּץ ל׳ Dt 2:30, 15:7, 2 Ch 36:13; כבּד ל׳ 1 S 6:6 (?); הקשׁה ל׳ Ps 95:8.

7. = the man himself (meaning characteristic of נֶפֶשׁ) אמר בל׳ say in the heart (to oneself) Dt 7:17, 8:17, 9:4, 18:21, Ps 4:5, Is 14:3, 47:8, 49:21, Je 5:24, 13:22, Zp 1:12, 2:15; ללבב Ho 7:2 (?); דבר בל׳ Ps 15:2; ברכו בל׳ Jb 1:5; התברך בל׳ Dt 29:18; יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם let your heart (you yourselves) live Ps 22:27, 69:33 (cf. 119:175).

8. spec. as the seat of the appetites (for which usually נֶפֶשׁ) סעד ל׳ stay the heart (with food) Ps 104:15, Ju 19:8 (?); יִיטַב לְבָבְֶָ that thine heart may be merry (with wine) Ju 19:9 (?); יַיִן יְשַׂמַּח ל׳ wine gladdens the heart Ps 104:15.

9. spec. of seat of the emotions and passions (for which usually נפשׁ): a. of joy Is 30:29, Je 15:16, Ez 36:5, gladness Dt 28:47, desire Pr 6:25 (?); דבּר על ל׳ speak into the heart (comfortably) 2 Ch 32:6 (elsewhere לֵב). b. of trouble 1 K 8:38, Ps 25:17, 73:21; weakness, faintness Lv 26:36 (H) Dt 20:3, 20:18, 2 Ch 13:7, Is 1:5, 7:4, Je 51:46, grief Dt 15:10, 1 S 1:8 sorrow Ps 13:3, fear Dt 28:67, dismay Is 21:4, astonishment Dt 28:28, anger 19:6, hate Lv 19:16 (H); ימּם ל׳ the heart melteth Dt 20:8, Jos 2:11, 5:1, 7:5 (all D) Is 13:7, 19:1; המם ל׳ Dt 1:28 (so rd. prob. also Jos 14:8, where לֵב error).

10. seat of courage (for which usually רוּחַ), יָעֵר כֹּחוֹ וּלְבָבוֹ stir up his power and his courage Dn 11:25; יַאֲמֵץ לְבַבְכֶם let your heart take courage Ps 31:25.

לֵב:599 n.m. Pr 23:15 († f. Pr 12:25, fr. influence of נֶפֶשׁ v. De Now) inner man, mind will, heart, abs. and cstr. לֵב Gn 8:21 + 239 t.; לֶב־ Ex 15:8 + 15 t.; sf. לִבִּי Gn 24:45 + 102 t.; לִבְְּ Ex 9:14 + 28 t.; לִבְֶָּ Ju 19:6 + 25 t.; לִבֵּךְ Is 47:7 + 7 t.; לִבּוֹ Gn 6:5 + 93 t.; לִבָּהּ Ju 19:3 + 7 t.; לִ בֵּנוּ Is 41:22 + 5 t.; לִבְּכֶם Gn 8:5 + 2 t.; לִבָּם Gn 42:28 + 56 t.; לִבָּן Ex 35:26; לִבְּהֶן Ez 13:17 pl. לִבּוֹת Ps 7:10, Pr 15:11 + 3 t. Pr.; sf. לִבֹּתָם Is 44:18; לִבּוֹתָם Ps 125:4.—inner part midst: I. seldom of things, בְּלֶב־יָם in the midst of the sea Ex 15:8, Pr 23:34, 30:19; בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ps 46:3, Ez 27:4, 27:25, 27:26, 27:27, 28:2, 28:8 בלב האלה 2 S 18:14; בְּלֵב אֹיְבֵי in the midst of the enemies of Ps 45:2 (v. Br:MP in loco; AV RV al. in the heart of). II. elsewhere of men: †

1. the inner man in contrast with outer לבי ובשׂרי ירננו my heart and my flesh cry out Ps 84:3; ‖מעים Ps 22:15, Je 4:19, the inner for outer מעים Je 49:22; as within the breast על לב Ex 28:3, 28:29, 28:30, 28:30 (P); מלב 2 K 9:24; בלב Ps 37:15, 2 S 18:14; סְגוֹד לִבָּם Ho 13:8; antithesis with בָּשָׂר Pr 14:30, Ec 2:3; head Is 1:5, face Ez 14:3, 14:4, 14:7, arm Ct 8:6; hands Ez 22:14; bones Ps 102:5; eyes 1 K 9:3 (= 2 Ch 7:16) Je 22:17; ear Pr 22:17, 23:12; mouth Ps 55:22; lips Is 29:13; אֲנִי יְשֵׁינָה וְלִבִּי עֵר I slept but my heart waked Ct 5:2.

2. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, with occasional emphasis of one or the other by means of certain verbs: † בכל לב 1 K 8:23 (= 2 Ch 6:14) Ps 9:2, 119:2, 119:10, 119:34, 119:58, 119:69, 119:145, 138:1, Pr 3:5, Je 3:10, 24:7; † עם לב 2 Ch 24:4 (see לבב 2); † כלב 2 S 7:21 (= 1 Ch 17:19) Je 3:15; תַּעֲלֻמוֹת לֵב secrets of the heart Ps 44:22, לֵב מְלָכִים אֵין חֵקֶר the heart of kings is unsearchable Pr 25:4; הַיֹּחֵר יַחַד לִבָּם Ps 33:15 etc.

3. specific reference to mind: a. † מִלֵּב of one's own mind Nu 16:28, 24:13 (JE) 1 K 12:33, Ne 6:8, Ez 13:2, 13:17; † חֲסַר לֵב destitute of mind Pr 6:32, 7:7, 9:4, 9:16, 10:13, 10:21, 11:12, 12:11, 15:21, 17:18, 24:30; לִבּוֹ חָסֵר Ec 10:3; אֵין לֵב Je 5:21, Ho 7:11; לב אין Pr 17:16; קנה לב get a mind Pr 15:32, 19:8; כֹּחַ לב power of mind Jb 36:5; רֹחַב לב breadth of mind 1 K 5:9, גנב לב 2 S 15:6, Gn 31:20 (E? see לבב 3 a). b. knowledge, c. † ידע Dt 29:3, Pr 14:10, 22:17, Ec 1:17, 7:22, 7:25, 8:5, 8:16, Je 24:7; ראה Ps 66:18, Ec 1:16; חָכַם לב mind is wise Pr 23:15; † לֵב חָכָם wise mind 1 K 3:12, Pr 16:23, Ec 8:5; † חֲכַם לֵב Ex 31:6, 35:10, 36:1, 36:2, 36:8 (P) Pr 10:8, 11:29, 16:21; † חַכְמֵי לֵב Ex 28:3 (P) Jb 37:24; † חכמת לב Ex 35:25, 35:35 (P); לב חכמים Ec 7:4 10:2; לב כסילים Pr 12:23, 15:7, Ec 7:4, 10:2; c. חכמה Ex 36:2 (P) 1 K 10:24 (= 2 Ch 9:23) Pr 2:10, 17:16, Ec 2:3; † לֵב נָבוֹן intelligent mind Pr 14:33, 15:14, 18:15; with הבין Pr 8:5; תְּבוּנָה Pr 2:2; שָָׂכֶל Jb 17:4 etc. c. thinking, reflection, c. חשׁב Ps 140:3, Pr 16:9; מחשׁבות Gn 6:5 (J) Ps 33:11, Pr 6:18, 19:21 cf. Gn 8:21 (J); הגה muse, study Pr 15:28, 24:2, Is 33:18, 59:13; הגיון Ps 19:15; הָגוּת Ps 49:4; † שׂם לב set the mind, consider Is 41:22, Ez 44:5, c. לְ 1 S 9:20, 2 S 13:20, Ez 40:4, 44:5; אֶל Ex 9:21 (J) 1 S 24:25, 2 S 18:3, 18:3, Jb 2:3, 34:14; עַל Jb 1:8; † שׁת לב Ps 62:10, Pr 22:17, 24:32, c. לְ Ex 7:23 (JE) 1 S 4:20, Ps 48:14, Pr 27:23, Je 31:21, אֶל Jb 7:17. d. memory † השׁיב אל לב call to mind Is 44:19, La 3:21; על לב Is 46:8; † עלה על לב come into mind (occur to one) Is 65:17, Je 3:16, 7:31, 19:5, 32:35 (cf. Acts 7:23), so בא על לב 2 Ch 7:11; † שׂם על לב lay to heart Is 42:25, 47:7, 57:1, 57:11, Je 12:11, Mal 2:2, 2:2, Dn 1:8; אל לב 2 S 13:33, 19:20 כתב על לב Je 31:33; קשׁר על לב Pr 6:21; † לוּחַ לֵב tablet of the memory Pr 3:3, 7:3, Je 17:1; נִשְׁכַּחְתִּי כְּמֵת מִלֵּב I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind Ps 31:13.

4. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will; † הכין לב set the mind 2 Ch 12:14, Ps 10:17, 78:8, Jb 11:13; † נכון לב Ps 57:8, 57:8 ( = 108:2) 78:37, 112:7; † נתן לב לְ Ec 1:13, 1:17, 7:21, 8:9, 8:16; † נתן אל לב Ec 7:2, 9:1; Ne 2:12, 7:5, בלב Ex 35:34 (P) Ezr 7:27, Ec 3:11; † אֲשֶׁר־נְשָׂאוֹ לִבּוֹ whose heart stirred him up Ex 35:21, 36:2 cf. 35:26 (all P); † נְדִיב לֵב willing of mind Ex 35:5, 35:22 (P) 2 Ch 29:31 cf. Ex 25:2, 35:29 (P); † נטה לב אחריּ inclined to follow Ju 9:3, Ps 119:112; † הטה לב 1 K 11:3, Ps 119:36, 141:4 cf. 2 S 15:13:—גְּדֹלִים חִקְקֵי־לֵב great resolves of heart Ju 5:15 etc.

5. spec. ref. to conscience, וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֹ and David's heart (conscience) smote him 1 S 24:6; מִכְשׁוֹל לֵב offence of conscience 1 S 25:31.

6. spec. ref. to moral character, God tries the heart Ps 17:3, Je 12:3; sees the heart and reins Je 20:12, tries them Ps 7:10, Je 11:20, refines them Ps 26:2; searches the heart and tries the reins Je 17:10. a. ישֶׁר־לִבִּי Jb 33:3; † יִשְׁרֵי לֵב Ps 7:11, 11:2, 32:11, 36:11, 64:11 (all c. דָּוִד in title), 94:15, 97:11; † לֵב שָׁלֵם 1 Ch 28:9, 29:9, Is 38:3 (all originally לבב, see לבב 6 a); נִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב broken of heart Ps 34:19, Is 61:1; לֵב־נִשְׁבָּר Ps 51:19; שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Ps 147:3; לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Is 57:15; לֵב טָהוֹר clean heart Ps 51:12; † לֵב חָדָשׁ new heart Ez 18:21, 36:26 (prob. also 11:19 for אֶחָד see Co) etc. b. לֵב רָע evil heart Pr 26:23; חַנְפֵי־לֵב godless in heart Jb 36:13; לב (י)עקּשׁ perverse in heart Pr 11:20, 17:20; † תַּרְמִת לִבָּם deceit of their heart Je 14:14, 23:26; בלב ולב with a double heart Ps 12:3 etc. c. seat of pride Pr 21:4, Je 48:29, 49:16, Ho 13:6, Ob:3 גְּבַהּ־לֵב Pr 16:5; גֹּבַהּ לב 2 Ch 32:26; † גָּבַהּ לֵב 2 Ch 26:16, 32:25, Ps 131:1, Pr 18:12, Ez 28:2, 28:17. d. the heart is uncircumcised Je 9:25, Ez 44:7, 44:7, 44:9 and hardened: † חזּק לב Ex 4:21, 10:20, 10:27 (E), 9:12 11:10, 14:4, 14:8, 14:17 (P), Jos 11:20 (D:2 ?); † יֶחֱזַק לֵב Ex 7:13, 7:22, 8:15, 9:35 (P); חִזְקֵי־לֵב Ez 2:4; † הקשׁה לב Ex 7:3 (P) Pr 28:14; קְשֵׁי־לֵב Ez 3:7; הכביד לב Ex 8:11, 8:28, 9:34, 10:1 (J); כָּבֵד לב Ex 7:14, 9:7 (J); כּכּד לב 1 S 6:6; הַשְׁמֵן לֵב־הָעָם הַזֶה make the heart of this people fat Is 6:10 (?); † רוּת לֵב(י)שְׁרִ Dt 29:18, Ps 81:13 after Je 3:17, 7:24, 9:13, 11:8, 13:10, 16:12, 18:12, 23:17; † לב האבן the heart of stone Ez 11:19, 36:26 etc.

7. for the man himself, † אמר בלב Gn 17:17 (P), 27:41 (JE), 1 K 12:26, Est 6:6, Ps 10:6, 10:11, 10:13, 14:1 ( = 53:2) 35:25, 74:8, Ec 2:1, 2:15, 3:17, 3:18, Is 47:10, Ob:3, Zc 12:5; אֶל־לב Gn 8:21 (J) 1 S 27:1; † דבּר בלב Ec 2:15; אֶל־לב Gn 24:45 (J); עַל לב 1 S 1:13 (?); עִם לב Ec 1:16; נְאֻם־פֶּשַׁע לָרָשָׁע בְּקֶרֶב לִבִּי Ps 36:2.

8. as seat of appetites, סְעַד לב stay the heart (with bread) Gn 18:5 (J) Ju 19:5.

9. as seat of the emotions and passions: a. of joy and gladness, in various combinations of † טוב, Ju 16:25, 18:20, 19:6, 19:22, Ru 3:7, 1 S 25:36, 2 S 13:28, 1 K 8:66 ( = 2 Ch 7:10) 21:7, Est 1:10, 5:9, Pr 15:15, Ec 7:3, 9:7, 11:9, Is 65:14; various combinations of † שׂמח, Ex 4:14 (J) 1 Ch 16:10 ( = Ps 105:3) Ps 4:8, 16:9, 19:9, 33:21, Pr 15:13, 15:30, 17:22, 27:9, 27:11, Ec 2:10, 2:10, 5:19, Ct 3:11, Is 24:7, Zc 10:7; שׂישׂ Ps 119:111, Is 66:14, La 5:15; עלץ 1 S 2:1; עלז Ps 28:7, Zp 3:14; רנן Jb 29:13; גיל Ps 13:6, 24:17, Zc 10:7; of desire, Ps 21:3, 37:4; † דבּר עַל לֵב speak unto the heart (kindly) Gn 34:3, 50:21 (JE) Ju 19:3, 2 S 19:8, 2 Ch 30:22, Is 40:2, Ho 2:16, Ru 2:13. b. of trouble 2 K 6:11, Is 65:14, sorrow Ne 2:2, Pr 14:3, pain Ps 55:5. vexation Ec 11:10, trembling Dt 28:65 (?) 1 S 28:3, faintness La 5:17; it is wounded Ps 109:22 dies within one out of fear 1 S 25:37 etc.; † לב נמס the heart melteth (in fear) 2 S 17:10, Ps 22:15, Ez 21:12, Na 2:11. †

10. seat of courage: יַאֲמֵץ לִבְֶָּ let thine heart take courage Ps 27:14; אַמִּיץ לִבּוֹ Am 2:16; אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout-hearted Ps 76:6, Is 46:12; לִבּוֹ יָחוּק כְּמוֹ־אֶבֶן his heart as firm as a stone Jb 41:16; לִבוֹ כְּלֵב הָאַרְיֵה his heart as the heart of the lion 2 S 17:10.

† [לִבָּה] sf. לִבָּתֵח Ez 16:30 should be corrected to לִבְרִיתֵךְ (see Co). > older view, as fem. of לֵבּ.

לֵב קָמָי prob. `late Atbash (cf. שֵׁשַׁךְ) for p. 1058 כשׂדים the orginal reading (LXX) Je 51:1.

† I. [לבב] vb. denom. Niph. Impf. יִלָּבֵב get a mind; וְאִישׁ נָבוּב יִלָּבֵב וְעַיִר פֶּרֶא אָדָם יִוָּלֵד shall an empty man get a mind or a wild ass's colt be born a man (?) Jb 11:12. Pi. encourage; Pf. לִבַּבְתִּנִי בְּאַחַד֯ מֵעֵינַיִךְ .…לִבַּבִתִּנִי Ct 4:9, 4:9 thou hast encouraged me, thou hast encouraged me with one of thine eyes Ew Gi Gr RV m (AV RV Ges Hi De Öt (cf. 5:6) ravished my heart,—Pi. priv. Ges:§ 52 h).

† [לְבִבָה] n.pl. cakes (prob. pancakes, from shape ?) לְבִבוֹת 2 S 13:6, 13:8, 13:10.

† II. [לבב] vb. denom. Pi. make cakes. Impf. תְּלַבֵּב 2 S 13:6, 13:8.

לְבַד alone v. בַּד sub בדד p. 94 supr.

[לַבָּה], לַבַּת Ex 3:2 v. לֶהָבָה sub להב.

[לָבַט] vb. thrust down, out, or away (NH id.; Ar. لَبِطَ strike the ground with a person, i.e. throw one down; Syr. Pa. ܠܰܒܶܛ incitavit, stimulavit);—only Niph. Impf. be thrust down, away, i.e. ruined; עָם לאֹ יָבִין יִלָּבֵט Ho 4:14; אֱוִיל שְׂפָתַיִם יִלָּבֵט Pr 10:8, 10:10.

לְבִי, לָבִיא לְבִיָּא v. sub לבא. p. 522

לֻבִים v. לוּבִים. p. 530

† [לָבֵן] vb. be white (on —ֵ v. Ba:NB 166; Lag:BN 33, cf. 53, 54 infers …לָבֹן from לְבֹנָה; NH id., Pi. Hiph., and deriv.; Ph. לבן white; Ar. لَبَنَ milk; لبن also be white, dial. of Yemen, Maltzan:ZMG xxvii, 1873, 247; appar. √ of foll. fourteen words, but this dub. esp. in case of II. III. לָבָן, לְבָנָא, לִבְנָה, II. לְבוֹנָה, I. II. לִבְנִי);—Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הִלְבִּינוּ Jo 1:7; Impf. 1 s. אַלְבִּין Ps 51:9; 3 pl. יַלְבִּינוּ Is 1:18; Inf. cstr. וְלַלְבֵּן (= וּלְהַלְבֵּן) Dn 11:35; —

1. make white = purify (ethical) Dn 11:35 (no object expr., ‖חָרַף, בָּרֵר).

2. shew whiteness, grow white, of fig-tree, stripped by locusts, Jo 1:7; fig. of moral purity, כַּשֶּׁלֶג יַלְב׳ Is 1:18; מִשֶּׁלֶג אַלְב׳ Ps 51:9. Hithp. Impf. יִתְלַבְּנוּ Dn 12:10 be purified (ethical, ‖יִתְבָּֽרֲרוּ).—לָבַן, make brick, v. infr.

† I. לָבָן adj. white;—ל׳ abs. Gn 30:35 + 13 t.; cstr. לְבֶן־ Gn 49:12 (cf. Ges:§ 93, 2, R. 1 Kö:Lgb ii, 74 Ba:Nb 166); f. לְבָנָה Lv 13:4 + 6 t.; pl. לְבָנִים Zc 1:8 + 3 t.; לְבָנוֹת Gn 30:37 + 2 t.;—white, of wood under bark Gn 30:37, 30:37 (cf. Jo 1:7); of spots on goats v:35 (all J); of manna Ex 16:31 (P); garments Ec 9:8 (sign of cheerfulness and joy); of teeth וּלְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵחָלָב Gn 49:12 (poem in J; ‖חַכְלִילִי עֵינַיִם מִיָָּיִן) of Judah (on interpr. v. Di and, differently, Marc. Jastr:JBL xi. (1892), 128); of horses Zc 1:8, 6:3, 6:6 (in vision); chfly. of diseased skin or flesh on body (בַּהֶרֶת Lv 13:4, 13:19, 13:24, 13:25, 13:26, 13:38) Lv 13:4, 13:10, 13:13, 13:16, 13:17, 13:19, 13:24, 13:38, and of hair on such spots 13:3, 13:4, 13:10, 13:20, 13:21, 13:25, 13:26; + אֲדַמְדֶּ֫מֶת 13:19, 13:24, 13:43, cf. v:42; + כֵּהָה v:39 (all P).

† I. לְבָּנָה n.f. moon, poet. (NH id.);—ל׳ Is 24:23 + 2 t.; shall pale before י׳ Is 24:23 (‖חַמָּה); shall become like sun (חַמָּה) in day of י׳'s redemption 30:26 (אוֹר הַלְּ׳); sim. of woman's beauty, יָפָה כַלְּ׳ Ct 6:10 (‖חַמָּה).

II. לָבָן:54 n.pr.m. son of Bethuel, brother of Rebekah, and father-in-law of Jacob (LXX Λαβαν), Gn 24:29, 24:29, 24:50, 27:43, 28:2, 28:5 + 17 t. J (Gn 29, 30, 31, 32); 29:15, 29:16, 29:19, 29:21, 29:22, 29:26 + 18 t. E (Gn 31, 32, הָאֲרַמִּי ל׳ 31:24); 25:20 (הָאֲרַמִּי ל׳) 28:5 (id.), also 28:2, 29:24, 29:29, 46:18, 46:25 (all P).

† III. לָבָן n.pr.loc., connected with desert-journey of Israelites Dt 1:1, LXX Λοβαν; poss. = לִבְנָה 2, q. v.

† לְבָנָא Ne 7:48 = II. לְבָנָה Ezr 2:45; —head of a family of returning exiles, LXX Λαβανα, Λαβανω, LXXL Λοβνα.

† לִבְנָה n.pr.loc. 1. city in SW. Judah, exact site unknown, captured by Joshua, acc. to D, Jos 10:29, 10:29, 10:31, 10:32, 10:39, 12:15 (all D), 15:42 (P); Levit. city 21:13 (P) = 1 Ch 6:42; further 2 K 8:22 = 2 Ch 21:10, 2 K 19:8 = Is 37:8, 2 K 23:31 24:18 = Je 52:1; LXX Λεβνα. Vid. Lag:Onom. 274, 135, 26; 2nd ed. 273 Λεβνα; Buhl:Geogr. 193. 2. station of Isr. in wilderness, between רִמֹּן פָָּרֶץ and רִסָּה Nu 33:20, 33:21 (perh. = לָבָן Dt 1:1); LXX Λεμωνα, A LXXL Λεβωνα.

† I. לְבֹנָה, לְבוֹנָה n.f. frankincense (from white colour, cf. Lag:BN 33; NH id.; Aram. id., לְבוּנְתָּא, ܠܒܽܘܢܬܳܐ Ph. לבנת; Ar. لُبَانُ (Lane:3007); Eth. lib4nos: is fr. λιβανος);—ל׳ Ex 30:24 + 18 t.; לְבֹנָתָהּ Lv 2:2, 2:16; —used in prep. of holy incense Ex 30:34 (‖סַמִּים); used as incense Je 6:20, on meal-offering Lv 2:1, 2:2, 2:15, 2:16, 6:8, cf. 5:11, Nu 5:15, also Je 17:26, 41:5, Is 43:23, 66:3; with shew-bread Lv 24:7; Ne 13:5, 13:9, 1 Ch 9:29 (‖בְּשָׂמִים); burned as perfume (art. of luxury) Ct 3:6 (‖מֹר); גִּבְעַת הַלְּבוֹנָה 4:6 (‖הַר הַמּוֹר); עֲחֵי לְבוֹנָה v:14 (‖נֵרְדְּ, כַּרְכֹּם, קָנֶה, קִנָּמוֹן, מֹר, אֲהָלוֹת); as tribute to Zion Is 60:6 (‖זהב).—In Hex only P.

† II. לְבוֹנָה n.pr.loc., by which, among other places, loc. of Shiloh is fixed Ju 21:19, LXX Λεβωνα; mod. Lubban, c. 3 m. WNW. fr. Shiloh (Seilûn), Rob:BR ii. 271 f. Guêrin:Sam. ii, 164 f. Bd:Pal. 217 Buhl:Geogr. 175.

† I. לִבְנִי n.pr.m. a Levite, son of Gershom, Ex 6:17, Nu 3:18, 1 Ch 6:2, 6:5, 6:14 (LXX Λοβεν[ε]ι).

† II. לִבְנִי adj. gent. of foregoing, always c. art. הַלּ׳ as subst. coll., Nu 3:21, 26:58.

† לְבָנוֹן (Dt 3:25 הַלְּבָנֹן van d. H.):71 n.pr.mont. Lebanon (Ph. לבנן; As. Labnanu, etc., Schr:COT on 1 K 5:13, Dl:Par. 103 ff.; Egypt. Ra-mª n-n WMM

:Asian u. Europa, 197ff.; Ar. لُبْنَانُ cf. further Rob:BR ii, 435ff. 493 GASm:Geogr.45ff. Buhl:Geogr.110 and reff.; name prob. fr. whiteness ~f its cliffs Rob:BR ii, 493);—wooded mountain-range on northern border of Isr. [usu. c. art. הַלּ׳ (51 t.); without art. לְבָנוֹן, poet. and late Ho 14:8, Na 1:4, 2 K 19:23 = Is 37:24, Ez 31:15, 31:16, Is 14:8, 29:17, 33:9, 40:16, Je 18:14, Hb 2:17, Zc 10:10, 11:1, Ps 29:6, Ct 4:8, 4:8, 4:11, 4:15 ; c. ה loc. לְבָב֫וֹנָה 1 K 5:28a]; perh. first mentioned in defining a locality, as הַר הַלְּבָנוֹן, Ju 3:3 (E acc. to GFM; this combination only here), but also in early proph., then in D, and later;—in defining a locality Jos 9:1; בִּקְעַת הַלּ׳ Jos 11:17, 12:7 (side of Baal Gad); as a marked feature, in describing extent of land Dt 1:7, 3:25, 11:24, Jos 1:4, 13:5 (כָּל־הַל) v:6 (all D), 1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6, Je 22:26, Zc 10:10; אשׁהַל׳ר׳ Je 22:6 (fig. of royal house of Judah), as a height Ct 4:8, 4:8; מִגְדַּל הַל׳ Ct 7:5 i.e. a tower built on Lebanon; שֶׁלֶג ל׳ Je 18:14 snow of L.; L. as source of streams Ct 4:15; יֵיֵן ל׳ Ho 14:8; most often, however, as bearing forests, esp. of cedars, אַרְזֵי הַלּ׳ Ju 9:15 (in allegory; perh. J, acc. to GFM), Is 2:13, 14:8, Ps 29:5, 104:16, cf. 1 K 5:13, 5:20, 5:23, 5:28, 5:28, 2 Ch 2:7, 2:7, 2:15, 2 K 14:9, 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18, 25:18 (in allegory), Je 22:23, Ez 17:3, 27:5, 31:3, 31:15, 31:16, Zc 11:1, Ezr 3:7, Ps 92:13, Ct 3:9, 5:15 (sim. of majestic figure); פֶּרַח ל׳ Na 1:4; כְּבוֹד הַלּ׳ Is 35:2, 60:13; לְכַרְמֶל וְשָׁב ל׳ 29:17 (‖יַעַר ) יַרְכְּתֵי ל׳ with the same ref. Is 37:24 = 2 K 19:23; הַלּ׳ = trees of Lebanon Ho 14:6, Is 10:34, 40:16, Ps 29:6, 72:16; ל׳ Is 33:9 fig., as mourning; חֲמַס ל׳ Hb 2:17 i.e. violence done to Lebanon, prob. by cutting down its trees; בֵּית יַעַר הַלּ׳ a royal mansion of Sol., 1 K 7:2 and 10:17, 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:16, 9:20; ל׳ as home of wild beast 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18 (in allegory); רֵיחַ לְבָנוֹן, of the odour of cedar forests Ct 4:11, cf. Ho 14:7 (in sim.; We thinks ל׳ here to be a specific plant).

†לִבְנֶה n.[m.] poplar (appar. = Ar. لُبْنَي; Eth. lbn: styrax officinalis; but LXX λεύκη, cf. SyrVer and Löw:No.107);—Gn 30:37 לַח וְלוּז וְעַרְמוֹן מַקַּל ל׳ as marking places of idolatrous incense-burning תַּחַת אַלּוֹן וְלִבְנֶה וְּאֵלָה Ho 4:13.

†לְבֵנָה n.f. brick, tile (NH id.; Aram. לְּבִינְתָּא, ܠܒܶܢ-ܬܳܐ; Zinj. לבן (?) DHM:Sendsch.37. 59; As. libittu; Ar. لِبْنُ, لَبِنُ, لِبِنُ, لِبْنَةُ, لَبِنَةُ (loan-words acc. to Frä:4f.); acc. to Thes and most from whiteness of clay, or light colour of sun-baked bricks; so Nö:ZMG xi,1886,735 Lag:BN 139; > others regard as As. loan-word VOJ:i. 22ff.; in As. a deriv. fr. labânu, throw down, prostrate, is sought Dl:Pr. 93f.(cf.HWB 369));—ל׳ Gn 11:3 Ez 4:1; cstr. לִבְנַת Ex 24:10; pl. לְבֵנִים Gn 11:3 + 7 t.; sf. מִלִּבְנֵיכֶם Ex 5:19; —

1. brick, as building-material, Gn 11:3 (sg. coll.; elsewh. pl.) v:3; Ex 1:14; straw used in making Ex 5:7, cf. v:8, v:16, v:18, v:19, Is 9:9 (fig.; as inferior to גָּזִית hewn stone); incense burnt on Is 65:3 ( = roof-tiles ? cf. Che Di).

2. = tile, on which plan of city could be engraved (חקק) Ez 4:1.

3. = pavement, Ex 24:10 (cf. Di).

†[לָבַן] vb.denom. make brick (as As. labânu fr.libittu Dl:HWB 370);—Qal Impf. 1 pl. נִלְבְּנָה Gn 11:3 (c. acc. cogn.); Inf. cstr. לִלְבֹּן Ex 5:7 (c. acc. cogn.), v:14 (abs.)

†מַלְבֵּן n.[m.]

1. brick-mould;

2. quadrangle (on meaning brick-mould, and fig. something rectangular, v. Hoffm:ZAW 1882, 53–72 Dr:2 S 1231, cf. NH מַלְבֵּן; Ar. مِلْبَنُ; Syr. ܡܰܠܒܢܳܐ);—1. brick-mould, 2 S 12:31 Qr (Kt, by error, מלכן), Na 3:14. 2. quadrangle, Je 43:9 (at Tahpanhes).

לַבֵּן in עַל־מוּת ל׳ Ps 9:1 of dubious meaning, v. Thes Bae:Psalmen, p.xvii.

לִבְנָ֑ת, v. שִׁיחוֹר לִבְנָ֑ת. p. 1009

†לָבֵשׁ,לָבַשׁ vb. put on (a garment), wear, clothe, be clothed (NH id.; Aram. לָבֵישׁ, ܠܒܶܫ; As. labâšu; Ar.لَبِسَ ; Eth. labsa:);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. לָבֵשׁ Ps 93:1, 93:1, לָבַשׁ Jb 7:5 + 2 t., וְלָבַשׁ (consec.) Lv 6:3 + 3 t.; sf. וּלְבָשֵׁם (consec.) Lv 16:4; 3 fs. לָֽבְשָׁה Ju 6:34 + 2 t., etc. (Ez 42:14 rd. prob. וְלָֽבְשׁוּ Qr, for ילבשׁו Kt, but cl. perhaps interpol., v. Co); Impf. 3 ms. יִלְבַּשׁ Dt 22:5 +; sf. וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁנִי Jb 29:14 יִלְבָּשָׁם Ex 29:30; 1 s. sf. אֶלְבָּשֶָׁנָּה Ct 5:3; 3 fpl. תִּלְבַּשְׁןָ 2 S 13:18, etc.; Imv. ms. לְבַשׁ 1 K 22:30, etc.;Inf. abs. לָבוֹשׁ Hg 1:6; cstr. לִלְבּשׁ Gn 28:20, Lv 21:10; Pt. act. pl. הַלּֽבְשִׁים Zp 1:8; pass. abs. לָבוּשׁ 1 S 17:5, Dn 10:5; לָבֻשׁ Ez 9:2 + 3 t.; cstr. לְבוּשׁ Dn 12:6, 12:7, לְבֻשׁ Ez 9:11 + 3 t.; pl. cstr. לְבֻשֵׁי Ez 23:6 + 2 t.;—

1. a. lit. put on (one's own) garment (acc.) Gn 38:19, 1 S 28:8, 2 S 14:2, 1 K 22:30 = 2 Ch 18:29, Ex 29:30, Lv 6:3, 6:4, 16:4, 16:4, 16:23, 16:24, 16:32, 21:10, Dt 22:5, Ez 44:17, 44:19, and so 42:14 Qr (v. supr.), Jon 3:5, Ct 5:3, Est 4:1, 5:1; c. acc. garment + עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ Lv 16:3; of putting on armour Je 46:4; = wear (more or less habitually), c. acc. of garment, Is 4:1, Dt 22:11, Zp 1:8, Zc 13:4; of Jerus. under fig. of woman Je 4:30, of rulers under fig. of shepherds Ez 34:3, cf. כֵּן תִּלְבַּשְׁןָ 2 S 13:18 (no acc.) b. very oft. fig., put on, be clothed with, c. acc. of garment;—לָבַשׁ בְּשָׂרִי רִמָּה Jb 7:5 my flesh is clothed (i.e. covered) with worms; of Jerus., be clothed with inhabitants Is 49:18; of pasture, with flocks Ps 65:14; more oft. the garment is some abstract quality, e.g. righteousness, majesty, beauty, strength, etc.;—וַיִּלְבַּשׁ חְדָקָה כַּשִּׁרְיָן Is 59:17 he (י׳) hath put on righteousness as a breastplate, cf. v:17 (vengeance), Ps 93:1 (majesty), v:1 (strength), 104:1 (honour and majesty), Is 51:9 (strength); also Jb 40:10; said of men, 2 Ch 6:41 (salvation), Ps 132:9 (righteousness), Jb 29:14 (id.); of Zion Is 52:1, 52:1; also in bad sense, clothed with terror, trembling, shame, etc., Ez 7:27, 26:16, Jb 8:22, Ps 35:26, 109:29, cf. v:18 (cursing). c. lit. put on, obj. om., בֶּגֶד לִלְבּשׁ…נָתַן Gn 28:20, Jb 27:17; Inf. abs. לָבוֹשׁ Hg 1:6 (there is) a clothing, but he has nothing for warmth. d. once c. בְּ,אֲשֶׁר לָבַשׁ בּוֹ …לְבוּשׁ Est 6:8. e. Pt. pass., clothed with, chiefly Ezek.;—c. acc. of garment, Ez 9:2, 9:3, Zc 3:3, Pr 31:21, Dn 10:5; of wearing armour 1 S 17:5; cstr. before garment, לְבֻשׁ הַבַּדִּים Ez 9:11, 10:2, 10:6, 10:7, cf. 23:6, 23:12, 38:4, Dn 12:6, 12:7. f. fig.:—לָֽבְשָׁה אֶת־גִּדְעָוֹן וְרוּחַ י׳ Ju 6:34 and the spirit of י׳ clothed itself with Gideon, i.e. (GFM) took possession of him (cf. ܠܰܒܺܝܫ possessed); so 1 Ch 12:18, 2 Ch 24:20; חֶדֶק לָבַשְׁתִּי וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁנִי Jb 29:14 and it clothed itself in me, as it were, became incarnate in me. Pu. only Pt. pl. מְלֻבָּשִׁים arrayed, c. acc. of garment 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9, 2 Ch 5:12; abs. in full apparel Ezr 3:10. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הִלְבִּישַׁנִי Is 61:10; 3 fs. הִלְבִּישָׁה Gn 27:16; 2ms. וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֫ Ex 28:41 + 3 t.; sf. וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּם (consec.) Ex 29:8, Nu 20:26; 1 s. sf. וְהִלְבַּשְׁתִּיו Is 22:21; 3 pl. הִלְבִּישׁוּ 2 Ch 28:15, וְהִלְבִּשׁוּ (consec.) Est 6:9; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּלְבֵּשׁ Gn 41:42 + 5 t.; sf. וַיַּלְבִּשֵׁם Gn 3:21, Lv 8:13; 3 fs. תַּלְבִּישׁ Pr 23:21, etc.; Inf. abs. הַלְבֵּשׁ Zc 3:4; cstr. הַלְבִּישׁ Est 4:4; Pt. sf. הַמַּלְבִּֽשְׁכֶם 1 S 1:24; —clothe, array with. 1. usu. c. 2 acc., a. lit. וַיּלְבֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ בִּגְדֵי־שֵׁשׁ Gn 41:42, 2 S 1:24, Is 22:21, Ex 28:41, 29:5, 29:8, 40:13, 40:14, Lv 8:7, 8:13, Nu 20:26, 20:28, Zc 3:4, 3:5; of clothing Jerus. under fig. of infant Ez 16:10; of putting armour on some one 1 S 17:38, 17:38. b. fig., Jb 10:11 thou hast clothed me with skin and flesh; cf. 39:19 (quivering of horse's neck); Is 50:3, 61:10, Ps 132:16, 132:18.

2. c. acc. garment only, Gn 27:16 ( + עַל־יָדָיו); fig., Pr 23:21.

3. c. acc. pers. only, Gn 3:21, 27:15, 2 Ch 28:15, 28:15, Est 4:4, 6:9, 6:11.

†לְבוּשׁ,לְבֻשׁ n.m.:Jb 30:18 garment, clothing, raiment (on format. cf. Ges:§ 84a. 12 Lag:BN 64:179);—לְבוּשׁ abs. 2 K 10:22 + 9 t.; cstr. לְבוּשׁ Est 4:2 + 2 t., לְבֻשׁ Is 14:19; sf. לְבוּשִׁי Jb 30:18 + 3 t.; לְבוּשְֶָׁ Is 63:2, Pr 27:26; לְבוּשׁוֹ Is 63:1, Jb 41:5, לְבֻשׁוֹ 2 S 20:8 + 2 t.; לְבוּשָׁהּ Ps 45:14 + 2 t.; לְבוּשְׁכֶן 2 S 1:24; לְבוּשָׁם Je 10:9; pl. sf. לְבֻשֵׁיהֶם La 4:14; —garment, clothing, Gn 49:11 (poem in J; ‖סוּתֹה), Jb 24:7 (‖כְּסוּת ), v:10, 30:18, 31:19, Pr 27:26, Ps 22:19, La 4:14; of women's raiment 2 S 1:24, Pr 31:22, also fig. וְהָדָר לְבוּשָׁהּ עֹז v:25; specif. of princess Ps 45:14; of warrior's tunic 2 S 20:8, cf. Is 63:1, 63:2 (י׳ as warrior); raiment for worshippers 2 K 10:22; for mourners, לְבוּשִׁי שָָׂק Ps 35:13, cf. 69:12; בִּלְבוּשׁ שָׂק Est 4:2; of royal apparel מַלְכוּת ל׳ Est 6:8, 8:15, cf. (without מ׳) 6:9, 6:10, 6:11; scaly coat of crocod. לְבוּשׁוֹ פְּנֵ׳ Jb 41:5; cover garment with violence Mal 2:16, fig. of putting away a wife, cf. RS:K, 269 We; in other fig. uses:—as changed Ps 102:27 (sim. of heavens and earth), as covering 104:6 (sim. of deep upon earth); of cloud as garment of sea Jb 38:9, sim. of terrestrial objects in the light v:14.

†מַלְבּוּשׁ, [מַלְבֻּשׁ] n.m.:Zp 1:8 raiment, attire;—abs. 2 K 10:22 + 2 t.; sf. מַלְבּוּשֵׁח Ez 16:3; pl. sf. מַלְבּוּשַׁי Is 63:3; מַלְבּוּשִׁיהֶם 2 Ch 9:4, 9:4, מַלְבֻּשֵׁיהֶם 1 K 10:5; —raiment, 2 K 10:22 (for worshippers, ‖לְבוּשׁ), Jb 27:16 (as wealth); of Jerus. under fig. of infant Ez 16:13; נָכְרִי מַל׳ Zp 1:8 foreign attire (acc. with לָבַשׁ); pl. of garments of Sol.'s servants 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4 a, + 2 Ch 9:4 b; of י׳ under fig. of warrior Is 63:3.

†תִּלְבּשֶׁת n.f. raiment;—וַיִּלְבַּשׁ בִּגְדֵי נָקָם ת׳ Is 59:17 and he put on garments of vengeance as raiment (of י׳ as champion of Israel).

†לֽג n.m.:Lv 14:10 a liquid measure (NH id.; Aram. לוּגָּה; also ܠܰܓܳܐ, ܠܰܓܬܳܐ a (dessert –) dish, etc.; mng. of √ dub.; Thes comp. Ar. لَجَّ be deep, لُجُّ depth, abyss);—ל׳ abs. Lv 14:10; cstr. v:12 + 3 t. Lv 14; always of oil (שֶׁמֶן) Lv 14:10, 14:12, 14:15, 14:21, 14:24 (P; all in law of purif. of leper); acc. to Talm.= 1/12 hin (v. הִין supr. p. 228; Zuckermann:Jüd. Masssystem, 49) i.e. c. 1/2 litre; Benz:Arch. 182, 184 Now:Arch. i. 204f.

†לֽד n.pr.loc. = Λυδδα 1 Makk 11:34, Acts 9:32, 9:35, 9:38, Lydda, mod. Ludd, c. 11 miles SE. fr. Jaffa, toward Jerusalem; Rob:BR ii. 244–248 GASm:Geogr. 160ff. Buhl:Geogr. 197 1 Ch 8:12 (וּבְנֹתֶיהָ ל׳), Ezr 2:33 (בְּנֵי לֽד) = Ne 7:37, cf. 11:35; LXX Λωδ, Λοδ, Λυδδων, Λυδδα.

†לִדְבִר n.pr.loc. only in גְּדוּל ל׳ Jos 13:26; E. of Jordan, in tribe of Gad; LXXB Δαιβων, A Δαβειρ, LXXL Δεβηρ; perh.= לאֹ דְבָר q.v., and cf. II. דְּבִיר 2 b. p.184

לֵדָה v. ילד, Inf. cstr. p. 408

להֹ v. לאֹ. p.518

להב √ of foll. (cf. Ar. لَهِبَ be thirsty [prob. burn with thirst Lane:2674], II. make a fire blaze fiercely, cf. IV; v. blaze fiercely (of fire), cf. VIII; Aram. [להב, ܠܗܒ] burn, in Shaph. Ishtaph. and deriv.; also לַהֲבָא, לַהֲבוּתָא flame; eth. lahaba:; As. laï‘;abu, flame, Dl:HWB 364).

†לַ֫הַב n.m. flame, blade;—ל׳ abs. Ju 3:22, Ju 3:22 + 2 t.; cstr. Ju 13:20 + 5 t.; pl. לְהָבִים Is 13:8; cstr. לַהֲבֵי Is 66:15; —

1. flame of altar, Ju 13:20, 13:20 (הַמִּזְבֵּחַ ל׳)) אֵשׁ אוֹכְלָה ל׳, of י׳'s is judgement Is 29:6, 30:30, 66:15 (in all ‖ forces of nature, whirlwind, thunder, earthquake, rain, hail, etc.); fig. פְּנֵיהֶם פְּנֵי ל׳ Is 13:8 (i.e. hot with excitement, cf. Di); sim. Jo 2:5 אֵשׁ כְּקוֹל ל׳ (of rush of locusts); fig. of breath of crocodile Jb 41:13.

2. of flashing point of spear Jb 39:23; blade of sword Na 3:3; in prose, Ju 3:22, 3:22.

†לֶהָבָה n.f. id.;—ל׳ Nu 21:28 + 13 t., לַהֶ֫בֶת abs. Jb 15:30; cstr. Ez 21:3; לַבַּת Ex 3:3 (= לַהְבַּת; Sam. להבת, v. Di); pl. לָהָבוֹת Ps 105:32; cstr. לַהֲבוֹת Ps 29:7; —

1. flame, poet. (‖ or + אֵשׁ, exc. Ps 29:7, Dn 11:33); of fire consuming (לָהַט) Dathan, etc. Ps 106:18 (cf. Nu 16:35); wasting (לָהַט) mts. 83:15; consuming (אָכַל,בָּעֵר ) chaff (in sim.) Is 5:24; of lightning (with hail) אשׁ ל׳ Ps 105:32 (cf. Ex 9:24), Ps 29:7 אֵשּׁ ל׳ (on text of v.cf. Che); sim. of judgment, אֵשׁ ל׳ La 2:3 (vb. אָכַל) Ho 7:6 (vb. כָּעֵר) Is 47:14 ( מִיַד ל׳); cf. 10:17, Ob:18; שַׁלְה׳ ל׳ Ez 21:3; fig. of drought Jo 1:19, of locusts’ ravages 2:3 (vb. לָהַט in both); of war Nu 21:28, Je 48:4 (both vb. אָכַל); cf. Dn 11:33 (‖חֶרֶב ); of calamity Is 43:2; symb. נֹגַהּ אֵשׁ ל׳ of י׳'s presence Is 4:5 (cf. Ex 13:21); לַבַּת אֵשׁ Ex 3:2.

2. point, head of spear 1 S 17:7.

לַבַּת אֵשׁ Ex 3:2 v. לֶהָבָה above

†שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת n.f. flame (Aram. שַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא ܫܰܠܗܶܒܺܝܬܳܐ)—in לַהֶבֶת שׁ׳ Ez 21:3, of judgment; so שַׁלְהָָבֶת Jb 15:30; רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה Ct 8:6 i.e. Yahweh-flame = powerful flame (> Jäger:BAS i.471 Jastrow:JBL xiii (1894), 111 expl. ־יָה here as encl. part.)

†לְהָבִים n.pr.gent. Gn 10:13 = 1 Ch1:11, prob.= לוּבִים q.v.; LXX Λαβιειμ.

להג √ of foll. (Ar. لَهِجَ be devoted, attached to a thing, apply oneself assiduously to it).

†לַ֫הַג n.m. (late) study, i.e. devotion to books; הַרְבֵּה יְגִעַת בָּשָׂר ל׳ Ec 12:12 (cf. Now).

†לָָהַד n.pr.m. son of יַ֫חַת of Judah 1 Ch 4:2, LXX Λααθ, LXXL Λααδ (etym. and mng. unknown).

†[לָהָה] vb. languish, faint (= לָאָה) (Targum לְהִי, id.;—Qal Impf. 3 fs. apoc. וַתֵּ֫לַהּ אֶרֶץ Gn 47:13 (of famine).

[לִהְלֵהַּ] vb.quadril. amaze, startle (cf. Syr. Palp. ܠܰܗܠܶܗ confudit, obstupefecit; Ethpalp. stupore percussus est; ܠܽܘܗܠܳܗܳܐ consternatio, all in Lexx., PS:1894)—Hithpalp. Pt. מִתְלַהְלֵהַּ as subst. = madman, sq. הַיֹּרֶה זִקִים Pr 26:18 (v. Now).

†[לָהַט] vb. blaze up, flame (NH id.; Syr. ܠܗܶܛ; As. laï‘âtu, in der. forms);—Qal Pt. act. אֵשׁ לֽהֵט Ps 104:4 a flaming fire (so Bae; אֵשׁ וָלַהַט Bi Che, cf. Ol), made into י׳'s servants; pl. לֽהֲטִים 57:5 (fig. of enemies, cf. לְבָאִם v:a). Pi. Pf. 3 fs. וְלִהַט Mal 3:19; 3 fs. לִהֲטָה Jo 1:19; Impf. 3 fs. תְּלַהֵט Jo 2:3 + 4 t.; וַתְּלַהֵט Dt 32:22; sf. וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ Is 42:25; —set ablaze, usu. c. acc.;—foundation of mts., Dt 32:22 (subj. אֵשׁ fig., of י׳'s judgement, ‖קָדַח, יָקַד, אָכַל), cf. הָרִים תְּל׳ Ps 83:15 (in sim., subj. לֶהָבָה; ‖כְּאֵשׁ תִּבְעַר־יָ֑עַר; of flame (לֶהָבָה); consuming trees Jo 1:19 ( of effects of drought; ‖אֵשׁ אָֽכְלָה); persons Mal 3:19 (subj. הַיּוֹם הַבָּא ‖בָּעַר); cf. Ps 97:3 (subj. אֵשׁ), 106:18 (subj. לֶהָבָה ‖וַתִּבְעַר־ אֵשׁ; hyperb of י׳'s wrath (אַפּוֹ וֱעֶזוּז מִלְחָמָה חֵמָה) consuming Jacob Is 42:25; of crocodile (hyperb.), נַפְשׁוֹ גֶּחָלִים תְלַהֵָט Jb 41:13 his breath setteth coals ablaze; abs. Jo 2:3, fig. of devastation by locusts (subj. לֶהָבָה; ‖אָֽכְלָה אֵשׁ).

†לַ֫הַט n.[m.] flame;—only cstr. הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת לַהַט הַחֶרֶב Gn 3:24 the flame of the whirling sword.

לְהָטִים v. לוּט. p. 532

†[לָהַם] vb. swallow greedily (= Ar. لَهِمَ; Di:Lex, Eth. 25 comp. Eth. lahm: ox, cow);—only Hithp. Pt. מִתְלַהֲמִים Pr 18:8 i.e. bits greedily swallowed, dainties, = 26:22, sim. of tale-bearer's words.

†לָהֵן conj. on this account, therefore, Ru 1:13, 1:13 (either from לְ and הֵן (v. sub הֵ֫מָּה); or the Aram. לָהֵן Dn 2:6, 2:9; 4:24: see the Aram. Lex.) p.242

†[לַהֲקָה] n.f. dub.; acc. to LXX SyrVer Targum Aq Symm band, company (perh. by transp. from קְהִלָּה, cf. Thes (קַהֲלָה) The Klo Bu; v. also HPS).—לַהֲקִת הַנְּבִיאִים 1 S 19:20.

לוֹ (Kt 1 S 2:16, 20:2), לוֹא, v. לאֹ. p. 518

†לוּ:l7 and לוּא († 1 S 14:30, Is 48:18, 63:19), also לֻא (Qr לוּ), † 2 S 18:12, 19:7 (Ar. لَوْ, Aram. ܠܘܰܝ, לְוַי, Mishn. לְוַי, As. lû, with opt. force, Dl:§§ 78 end, 93, 145; cf. Kö:ii. 333), conj. if, O that :—

1. if (stating a case which has not been, or is not likely to be, realized): a. sq. pf. (so mostly), Dt 32:29 לו חכמו ישׂכילו זאת if they had been wise (which they are not), they would understand this; Mi 2:11 (apod. וְהָיָה); Ju 8:19, 13:23 להמיתנו לא לקח לו חפץ י׳ if J. had desired to slay us, he would not have taken, &c.; 1 S 14:30, 2 S 19:7. b. sq. impf. Ez 14:15 if I were to send, &c. (but rd. prob. אוֹ, cf. v:17, v:19). c. sq. ptcp., 2 S 18:12 וְלֻא אָנֹכִי שֹׁקֵל and though I should be weighing 1000 pieces of silver upon my hand, I would not, &c.; Ps 81:14–17 לו עמי שֹׁמֵעַ לי if my people were hearkening to me,…quickly would I bow down, &c. d. sq. יֵשׁ Job 16:4.—With the apod. omitted, Gn 50:15 לוּ יִשְׂטְמֵנוּ if Joseph were to hate us (how should we fare then ?).

2. If only ...! i.e. O that ! would that ! (cf. εἰ γα, εἴθε) usu. sq. perf., as Nu 14:2, 14:2 לוּ מַתְנוּ if only we had died in the land of Egypt! 20:3, Jos 7:7 וְלוּ הוֹאַלְנוּ וַנֵּשֶׁב Is 48:18, 63:19; sq. יֵשׁ Nu 22:29; sq. impf. Gn 17:18 לו יחיה O that Ishmael might live before thee! Jb 6:2; sq. juss. Gn 30:34 כדברך לו יהי; sq. imv. 23:13 אם אתה לוּ שׁמעני if thou—O that thou wouldst hear me! (+ prob. v:5 לוּ שׁמעני :לאמר for שׁ׳ :לאמרֹ לוֹ , and similarly v:15).—Rd. also prob. לֻא for Mas. לאֹ Ju 21:22 (with כִּי עַתָּה), 1 S 13:13, 20:14, 20:14, Jb 9:33 (sq. יֵשׁ); and perh. 14:4 (Ew Kö).

†לוּלֵא Gn 43:10, Ju 14:18, 2 S 2:27, Ps 2:13, elsewhere לוּלֵי:10 if not, unless (fr. לוּ if, and לֵא, by dissim. (Kö:ii. 236, 489) for לאֹ not; cf. Ar. لَوْلَا), the neg. of לוּ, and used similarly:—a. sq. pf., Ju 14:18 לא מחאתם לולא …חרשׁתם unless ye had ploughed with my heifer, ye would not have found out my riddle, 1 S 25:34 (second כי resumptive: כִּי 1 d), Ps 106:23; with apod, introd. by כִּי עַתָּה Gn 31:42, 43:10; by אָז 2 S 2:27 (כי resumptive); by כִּמְעַט Is 1:9; with an aposiop. Ps 27:13 if I had not believed ...! b. sq. impf. Dt 32:27 לולי אגור …אמרתי I should have said, &c .…except I dreaded, &c. c. sq. ptcp., 2 K 3:14. d. without a verb, Ps 94:17 (apod. כמעט), 119:92 (apod. אָז). In the later language, Ps 124:1, 124:2 -שֶׁ לוּלֵי י׳ (apod. אֲזַי except that ... (cf. Aram., ܐܶܠܽܘ ܠܳܐ...ܕ Ps 106:23, דִּי …אִילּוּלֵי Ps 27:13 Targum).—Rd. also לוּלֵי for אוּלַי in Nu 22:33 (apod. כִּי עַתָּה). See further on לוּ and לוּלֵא Dr:§§ 139–145 Kö:iii. 487f; 565.

†לְמוֹ poet. for לְ, Job 27:14, 29:21, 38:40, 40:4, like כְּמוֹ for כְּ,בְמוֹ for בְּ: see מוֹ.

†[לוּב], לוּבִים,לֻבִַים n.gent.pl. Lybians, in N. Africa, W. of Egypt;—Na 3:9 ( + פּוּט), 2 Ch 12:3 (LXX Λιβυες; + מִחְרַיִם, סֻכִּיִּים, כּוּשִׁים), 16:8 LXX Λιβυες; (+ כּוּוִים); לֻבִַים Dn 11:43 (v. Baer; c. מִחְרַיִם, כֻּשִַׁים), Theod. Λιβυων; prob. = לְהָבִים (q. v.) Gn 10:13 = 1 Ch 1:11 A LXXL Λαβιειμ; read לוּבים perh. also Je 46:9 (for HCT לוּדִים, cf. Sta:Javan 5f.), LXX Λυδοι (פּוּט ib. = Λιβυες); LXX Sm Co Sta:Javan 6 Berthol rd. לוּב Ez 30:5 (for HCT כּוּב, q. v.) See WMM:As. Eur. 115.

†לוּד,לוּדִים n.pr.m. et gent. 1. Lud, Lydia, As. Luddu:—אַרְפַּכְשַׁד וְלוּד וַאֲרָם Gn 10:22 = 1 Ch 1:17 LXX Λουδ. 2. appar. a people in NE. Africa תַּרְשִׁישׁ פּוּל וְלוּד Is 66:19, LXX Λουδ; וּפוּט פָּרַס וְל׳ Ez 27:10; כּוּשׁ וּפוּט וְלוּד 30:5 ( + לוּב q. v.), in both LXX Λ(ο)υδοι; also pl. לוּדִים a ‘son’ of Miṣraim, Gn 10:13 LXX Λυδιειμ (‖לְהָבִים) = 1 Ch 1:11 (לוּדִי֯ים); Je 46:9 (‖פּוּט,כּוּשׁ ) v. לוּב supr.—On this African לוּד v. Di:Gn 10:13, opp. Sta:Javan 5 ff. cf. WMM:As. Eur. 115.

לוֹ דְבָר n.pr.loc. v. לאֹ דְבָר. p. 520

†I. [לָוָה] join (intr.), be joined (NH Pi. לִוָּה (ליוה) trans., Hithp. intr.; Aram. לַוִּי accompany; so ܠܘܳܐ Ba:ES 12 comp. Ar. وَلِيَ be near);—Qal (late) Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִלְוֶנּוּ Ec 8:13, be joined to, attend (of mirth). Niph. נִלְוָה Ps 83:9, Is 14:1; 3 mpl. consec. וְנִלְווּ Nu 18:4 + 2 t., + Je 50:5 (Ges:Lbg. Bö Kö:i. 588 Gf Gie; > Imv. Ki Ew:§ 226c Ol:§ 264); Impf. יִלָּוֶה Gn 29:34; יִלָּווּ Nu 18:2; Pt. נִלְוָה Is 56:3 (pointed as Pf., rd. prob. נִלְוֶה); pl. נִלְוִים Est 9:27, Is 56:6; —join oneself or be joined unto, sq. עַל Nu 18:2, 18:4 (מַטֵּה לֵנִי to Aaron, by word-play), Is 14:1 (strangers to Isr.), Dn 11:34 (flatterers to the people), cf. Est 9:27; Is 56:6 (to י׳ sq. אֶל־ Is 56:3 (to י׳), Zc 2:15 (to י׳), Je 50:5 (to י׳), Gn 29:34 (J; husband to wife); sq. עִם Ps 83:9 (Asshur with enemies of Isr.)

†II. [לָוָה] vb. borrow (NH id.; cf. Ar. لَوَي delay payment of debt (cf. Ba:ES 12 );—Qal Pf. 1 pl. לָוִ֫ינוּ Ne 5:4; Impf. 2 ms. תִּלְוֶה Dt 28:12; Pt. לֽוֶה Pr 22:7 + 2 t.;— borrow, לְאִישׁ לוֶֹה עֶבֶד מַלְוֶה Pr 22:7 a borrower is slave to a man who lends; abs. Dt 28:12, Is 24:2, Ps 37:21; sq. כֶּסֶף Ne 5:4. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. consec. וְהִלְוִיתָה Dt 28:12; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַלְוְְ Dt 28:44; 2 ms. תַּלְוֶה Ex 22:24; sf. תַּלְוֶנּוּ Dt 28:44; Pt. מַלְוֶה Ps 37:26 + 3 t., cstr. מַלְוֵה Pr 19:17; —cause to borrow, i.e. lend to, c. acc. pers. + rei Ex 22:24 (E); c. acc. pers. Dt 28:12, 28:44, 28:44; abs. Ps 37:26, 112:5 אִישׁ מַלְוֶה Pr 22:77 (v. Qal supr.); as subst. Is 24:2; מַלְוֵה י׳ Pr 19:17 a lender to י׳ is one shewing favour to the poor.

III. לוה (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. لَوَي turn, twist, wind; As. lamû, surround, encircle; Dl:HWB 368 Jen:ZMG xiiii (1889), 201).

†[לִוְיָה] n.f. wreath;—cstr. לִוְיַת חֵן only fig. Pr 1:9 (‖עֲנָקִים) of instruction of parents, 4:9 (‖עֲטֶרֶת תִּפְאֶרֶת) of work of Wisdom.

†[ לֽיָה] n.f. wreath ? (mng. dubious, cf. Sta:ZAW iii. 1883, 161; poss. = לְוֹיָה);—pl. לֽיוֹת 1 K 7:29, 7:30, 7:36 of carved work on bases of lavers in Solomon's temple.

†לִוְיָתָן n.m.:Jb 40:25 serpent, dragon, leviathan, poet. and rare (on format. fr. לוה c. fem. ת + ן—ָ v. Thes and cf. Ges:§ 85, 54 Kö:ii, p. 99 Ba:NB § 207c; Lag:BN 205 thinks foreign loan-word);—sea-monster = crocodile Jb 40:25; whale Ps 104:25 (v. Che); dragon producing eclipses (mythol.) Jb 3:8; fig. of Egypt as all-engulfing Ps 74:14 (‖תַּנִּינִים v:13); cf. Is 27:1, 27:1 (‖בָּרִחַ נָחָשׁ, עֲקַלָּתוֹן נָחָשׁ), v. Che Di and esp. (on ל׳ in gen.) Barton:Tiamat, JAOS xv (1891), 22 ff. Gunkel:Schöpf. u. Chaos 46.

†[לוּז] vb. (poet., mostly WsdLt) turn aside, depart (NH Niph., Hiph.; Ar. لَاذَ have recourse to, take refuge in);—Qal Impf. מֵעֵינֶ֑יְ אַל־יָלֻזוּ Pr 3:21 let them not (i.e. sound wisdom, etc., si vera 1., cf. VB) depart from thine eyes (v. Hiph.). Niph. Pt. נָלוֹז Pr 3:32, Is 30:12; cstr. נְלוֹז Pr 14:2; pl. נְלוֹזִים 2:15; —fig., devious, crooked, בְּמַעְגְּלֽתָם נ׳ Pr 2:15 (‖עִקְּשִׁים ); דְּרָכָיו נ׳ 14:2; as subst. of pers. 3:32; of course of action Is 30:12 (‖עשֶׁק ), i.e. crookedness = craftiness, cunning, cf. De Che Di. Hiph. Impf. אַל־יַלִּיזוּ מֵעֵינֶיְ Pr 4:21 (subj. דְּבָרַי let them [my words] not depart (on form v. Ges:§ 72 R. 9) from thine eyes (strictly, let them not practise, exhibit, deviation, direct causat., Kö.i. 205).

†[לָזוּת] n.f. deviation, crookedness (fig.);—only cstr. לְזוּת שְׂפָתַיִם Pr 4:24 (on form cf. Ol:§ 219a Kö:ii. 166, 474).

†I. לוּז n. [m.] almond-tree, almond-wood ( NH id.; Aram. לוּזָא, لُجُّ almond (Löw:No. 319), whence Ar. لَوْزُ as loan-wd. (Frä:145 Lag:BN 157 f.), Eth. lawz:);—Gn 30:37 (J; + לִבְנֶה, עַרְמוֹן לַח) of rods stripped by Jacob.

†II. לוּז n.pr.loc. 1. former name of Bethel Gn 28:19 (J), 35:6 (E), 48:3 (P), Jos 18:13, 18:13 (P), Ju 1:23 ; appar. distinct fr. B. מִבֵּית־אֵל לוּ֫זָה Jos 16:2 (JE; but ל׳ here perh. explan. gloss, v.Di); LXX Λουζα, Gn 28:19 [ουλαμ]μαυς 2. city in hands of Hittites Ju 1:26 (on conject. as to site v. GFM); LXX Λουζα.

לוח (√ of foll., mng. unknown; cf. perh. Ar. لَاحَ shine, gleam, flash (of star, lightning, etc.), or Syr. ܠܚܳܐ wipe out, efface with ref. to smooth surface; but this = לחה).

†לוּחַ n.m. tablet, board or plank, plate (NH id., Aram. לוּחָא, ܠܽܘܚܳܐ; Ar. لَوْحُ; (mod. pron. lûḥ, lôḥ, cf. e.g. Spiro:Arab.-Eng. Vocab. Buhl), Eth. lawh.:, but As. liï‘û (as if from לחה) in Dl:HWB 366; see, however, lêjum (lêyum) Jäger:BAS i, 486);—ל׳ abs. Is 30:8; cstr. Pr 3:3 + 4 t.; du. לֻחֹתָָיִם Ez 27:5; pl. לוחֹת (לֻחוֹת,לֻחֹת ) abs. Ex 32:16 + 17 t.; cstr. Dt 4:13 + 16 t.;—

1. chiefly of stone tablets on which ten words were written Ex 24:12, 31:18b, 32:16, 32:16, 32:19 (all E), 34:1, 34:1, 34:1, 34:4, 34:4, 34:28 (all J), Dt 4:13, 5:19, 9:9, 9:10, 9:11, 9:17, 10:1, 10:2, 10:2, 10:3, 10:3, 10:4, 10:5, 1 K 8:9, 2 Ch 5:10; הָעֵדֻת ל׳ Ex 31:18a, 32:15 cf. v:15, 34:29 (all P); הַבְּרִית ל׳ Dt 9:9, 9:11, 9:15; tablet for writing prophecy Is 30:8 (‖סֵפֶר ), Hb 2:2, and fig., לוּחַ לִבְּךָ Pr 3:3, 7:3 (for writing wise counsel), cf. Je 17:1 (inscribing sin of Judah); (vb. mostly כָּחַב Ex 31:18b; 32:15, Dt 9:10; עַל כ׳ Ex 34:1, 34:28, Dt 4:13, 5:19, 10:2, 10:4, Pr 3:3, 7:3, Is 30:8; חָרַשׁ עַל Je 17:1; כָּרַךְ sq. acc. Dt 9:9 cf. 1 K 8:9 = 2 Ch 5:10; חָרַת עַל Ex 32:16; בֵּאֵר עַל Hb 2:2).

2. wooden boards, composing altar of tabern. Ex 27:8, 38:7; planks composing ship (fig. of Tyre) Ez 27:5; cf, נָחוּר עָלָיהָ לוּחַ אָָרֶז Ct 8:9, of door.

3. (metal) plates on bases of lavers in Solomon"s temple 1 K 7:36.

†לוּחִית n.pr.loc. in Moab; c. art. הַלּוּחִית מַעֲלֵה Is 15:5, Je 48:5 Qr (הַלֻּחִית; Kt. הלחות); it lay S. of the Arnon; cf. Buhl:Geogr. 24, 272 and reff.; LXX Λουειθ.

[לוּט] vb. wrap closely, tightly, enwrap, envelope (Ar. لَاطَ cleave, stick to a thing; also trans. make to stick, or adhere);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. לָאט 2 S 19:15 (so rd., for MT לָאַט, We Klo Dr Bu); Pt. act. לוֹט Is 25:7 (cf. Kö:i. 445); Pt. pass. f. לוּטָה 1 S 21:10; —לוּטָה בַשִּׂמְלָה 1 S 21:10 it is wrapped up in a garment (of sword of Goliath); fig. of covering as sign of mourning, הַלּוֹט פְּנֵי־הַלּוֹט עַל־כָל־הָעַמִּים Is 25:7 the surface of covering which covereth over all the peoples (‖מַסֵּכָה הַנְּסוּכָה ). Hiph. Impf. envelope, wrap וַּיָּ֫לָט פָּנָיוּ בְּאַדַּרְתּוֹ 1 K 19:13.

†לָּט,לָאט n.[m.] secrecy, mystery ;—abs. לָט 1 S 18:22 + 2 t., לָאט Ju 4:21; pl. sf. לָטֵיהֶם Ex 7:22 + 2 t.; לַהֲטֵיהֶם Ex 7:11; —alw.c. בְּ: l. בַּלָּט = secretly 1 S 18:22, 24:5, Ru 3:7; so בַּלָּאט Ju 4:21. 2. בְּלָטֵיהֶם with their mysteries = enchantments (i. e. of חַרְטֻמֵּי מִחְרַיִם) Ex 7:22, 8:3, 8:14 = בְּלַהֲטֵיהֶם 7:11 (all P).

†I. לוֹט n.m. envelope, covering;—Is 25:7 v. sub vb. supr.

II. לוֹט:33 n.pr.m. Lot son of Haran, and nephew of Abram; LXX Λωτ;—Gn 11:27, 11:31, 12:4, 12:5, 13:1, 13:5, 13:7, 13:8, 13:10, 13:11, 13:11, 13:12, 13:14, 14:12, 14:16 + 15 t. Gn 19; † בְּנֵי לוֹט = Moabites Dt 2:9; = Ammonites Dt 2:19; = both, Ps 83:9.

†לוֹטָן n.pr.m. LXX Λωταν; a son of שֵׂעִיר Gn 36:20, 36:22 = 1 Ch 1:38, 1:39, and father of חֹרִי etc. Gn 36:22 = 1 Ch 1:39; called a chief (אַלוּף) of הַחֹרִי Gn 36:29.

†I. לֵוִי n.pr.m. Levi (√ and mng. dubious; Gn 29:34 (J) interpr. as joined, i. e. husband to wife; Nu 18:2, 18:4 (P; appar. in word-play) of Levites as joined to, attendant upon,Aaron; orig. as attached to, accompanying Isr. fr. Egypt, Lag:Or. ii. 20 f.; as attached to, attending upon the ark, Bau:Priest. 74; in this case I.לֵוִי would be derived fr. II. לֵוִי in priestly sense; Hom:A. u. A. 1890, 30 f. prop. Minaean לוא, lauÕ’ân, priest, cf. Id:Süd-Arab. Chrest. 127; ag. all such views v. Kau:SK 1890, 771 f. We:Prol. ed. 5, 141; Hist. Isr. 145 Sta:ZAW i (1881), 112 ff. Gray:Prop. Names, p. 96, cf. Nö:ZMG xi (1886). 167, make לֵוִי n. gent. fr. לֵאָה (q.v.); cf. a further sugg. We:Skizzen iii. 114)—LXX Λευ(ε)Ι(ν);—

1. a. Levi, son of Jacob and Leah, as individual, Gn 29:34, 34:25, 34:30, 35:23, 49:5 (all J); 35:23, 46:11, Ex 1:2, 6:16, 16:16, Nu 3:17, 16:1 (all P); 1 Ch 21, 5:22, 6:1, 6:4, 6:23, 6:28, 6:32, 23:6, Ezr 8:18; so בַּת־ל׳ [אֶת־] Ex 2:1 (E), Nu 26:59 (P). b. as head of a family of descendants, in phr. בֵּית לֵוִי Ex 2:1 (E), and (with ref. to tribe; late) Nu 17:23, מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית ל׳ Zc 12:13. c. oft. ל׳ (־)בְּנֵי Ex 32:26, 32:28 (E), Jos 21:10 (P), ל׳ (־)בְּנֵי with tribal ref. Nu 3:15, 4:2, 18:21 (charged with service of tabern., and hence to receive tithes; all P); as priests הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּנֵי לֵוִי Dt 21:5, 31:9, cf. Mal 3:3, and לאֹ הָיוּ מִבְּנֵי ל׳ 1 K 12:31; from the בְּנֵי ל׳ the Zadokites are selected as priests Ez 40:46; acc. to 1 Ch 9:18, 23:24, 23:27 בְּנֵי ל׳ are subordinate officials in temple (cf. v:28 f.), cf. 24:20; sharply disting. from priests Ezr 8:15, Ne 12:23 (cf. v:22); so also in later stratum of story of Korah's revolt Nu 16:7, 16:8, 16:10 (P:2).