ח

ח Ḥêth, 8th letter; = numeral 8 in post Biblical Hebrew.

[חֹב], חֻבִּי v. sub חבב.

† [חָבָא] vb. withdraw, hide (not in Qal); cf. also חבה (NH id.; Arabic خَبَأَ; Ethiopic ኀብአ Assyrian ḫabû Dl^{Pr 175}; 𝔗 Ethpa. hide oneself)—

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶחְבָּא Ju 9:5 + 1 S 10:22 2 S 17:9 (both may be pt.); נַחְבֵּאתָ Gn 31:37; וְנַחְ׳ consec. 1 S 19:2; נֶחְבְּאוּ־ Jos 10:27; נֶחְבָּ֑אוּ Jb 29:8, 10; Impf. 2 ms. תֵּחָבֵא Jb 5:21; Inf. cstr. הֵחָבֵא 2 Ch 18:24 Dn 10:7; Pt. pl. (cf. also supr.) נֶחְבְּאִים Jos 10:17, etc.—hide oneself in fear Gn 3:10 (J), Jos 10:16, 17, 27 (all JE), Ju 9:5 1 S 19:2 2 S 17:9 Am 9:3 2 Ch 18:24 Dn 10:7; from modesty 1 S 10:22; cf. Jb 29:8; also לָ֫מָּה נַחְבֵּאתָ לִבְרֹחַ Gn 31:27 (E), i.e. why didst thou flee secretly? pass., be hidden Jb 29:10 קול נְגִידִים נֻחְבָ֑אוּ (‖ ולשׁונם לְחִכָּם דָּבֵ֑קָה, cf. also v. 9) i.e. in reverence, = hushed (so we speak of a veiled voice); be hidden for protection בִּשׁוֹט לָשׁוֹן Jb 5:21.

Pu. Pf. 3 pl. חֻבְּאוּ have been hidden (= are made to hide themselves, Di ad loc.) Jb 24:4.

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הֶחְבִּיאָ֑נִי Is 49:2; 3 fs. הֶחְבְּאַ֔תָֿה Jos 6:17, cf. Ges^{§ 75, Rem. 21 a} Kö^{i. 624 ff.} etc.; Impf. וַיַּחְבִּיאֵם 1 K 18:4; 3 fs. וַתַּחְבִּא 2 K 6:29; וָאַחְבִּא 1 K 18:13;—hide, trans., c. acc. Jos 6:17, 25 1 K 18:4, 13 2 K 6:29; metaph., of divine protection Is 49:2 בְּצֵל יָדוֹ ה׳.

Hoph. Pf. be hidden הָחְבָּ֑אוּ Is 42:22 (בְּבָתֵּי כלאים), i.e. imprisoned.

Hithp. Pf. הִתְחַבְּאוּ 1 S 14:11; Impf. יִתְחַבֵּא 1 S 23:23; וַיִּתְ׳ Gn 3:8; יִתְחַבָּ֑אוּ Jb 38:30; וַיִּתְחַבְּאוּ 1 S 13:6; Pt. מִתְחַבֵּא 2 K 11:3 + 2 times; מִתְחַבְּאִים 1 S 14:22 1 Ch 21:20;— 1. draw back, hide oneself, usually c. בְּ loc.; Gn 3:8 (J), 1 S 13:6; 14:11, 22; 23:23 2 K 11:3 1 Ch 21:20 2 Ch 22:9, 12. 2. draw together, thicken, harden, of water becoming ice Jb 38:30 כאבן מים יִתְחַ׳.

† מַחֲבֵא n.[m.] hiding-place, only cstr. כְּמַחֲבֵא רוּחַ וְסֵתֶר זֶרֶם Is 32:2 hiding-place from wind.

† [מַחֲבֹא] n.[m.] id., pl. abs. מִכֹּל הַמַּחֲבֹאִים אשׁר יתחבא שׁם 1 S 23:23.

† [חָבַב] vb. love (NH Pi. id.; Arabic حَبَّ be loved; Ethiopic ተሐበበ amore alicujus incendi Di; Aramaic ܚܰܒ kindle, be set on fire, ܚܰܒܶܒ, חַבֵּב love, embrace, חוּבָּא bosom)—

Qal Pt. אַף חֹבֵב עַמִּים Dt 33:3 (Di reads עַמּוֹ, cf. 𝔊).

† [חֹב] n.[m.] bosom (Aramaic) לִטְמוֹן בְּחֻבִּי עֲוֹנִ֑י Jb 31:33 (cf. חֵיק).

† חֹבָב n.pr.m. (cf. Ph. n.pr. חב; We^{Skizzen iii, 171. 217} suggests compar. with حُباب serpent)—son of Reuel, חֹתֵן of Moses (v. חתן), Nu 10:29 (JE), Ju 4:11; ins. ח׳ prob. also Ju 1:16, v. GFM.

† חֻבָּה n.pr.m. a descendant of Asher, 1 Ch 7:34 (read וְחֻבָּה, so Qr; > Kt יְחֻבָּה).

† [חָבָה] vb. withdraw, hide, cf. חבא;—

Qal Imv. ms. חֲבִי Is 26:20 (Aramaic form, Ol^{§ 235, 3} Ew^{§ 224 c} Du; Di reads חֲבֵי = חֲבֵה), withdraw into privacy (‖ בֹּא בַחֲדָרֶיךָ).

Niph. Pf. וְנֶחְבָּה consec. Je 49:10; וְנַחְבֵּתֶם consec. Jos 2:16 (JE); Inf. לְהֵחָבֵה (as ל״א) 1 K 22:25 2 K 7:12; withdraw, hide oneself, lit. Jos 2:16 (JE), sq. שָׁמָּה; 2 K 7:12 c. בְּ loc.; 1 K 22:25; of Esau = Edom, hiding from judgment of י׳, וְנֶחְבָּה לֹא יוּכָ֑ל Je 49:10, as pointed, meant no doubt as pf., but constr. then hard; read rather inf. abs. נַחְבֹּה; so Gf Gie al. (v. Kö^{i. 624}).

† חֶבְיוֹן n.[m.] hiding, hiding-place, or < veil, envelope, only cstr. וְשָׁם ח׳ עֻזֹּה Hb 3:4 (< 𝔊 𝔖 Hi-St Gr וְשָׂם and he maketh, cf. ψ 18:12).

† חֲבָיָה n.pr.m. head of a priestly family Ezr 2:61 = Ne 7:63 (van d. H. Ezr חֲבַיָּה; Ne חֳבָיָה, marg. חֳבַיָה; cf. Baer’s note on Ezr 2:61; 𝔊 Ezr Λαβεια, 𝔊L Ωδουια, A Οβαια, 𝔊 Ne Εβεια, 𝔊L Αβια, א Αβεια).

יְחֻבָּה v. חֻבָּה sub חבב.

† נַחְבִּי n.pr.m. a Naphtalite, one of the Hebrew spies Nu 13:4 (P).

† [חָבֵט] vb. beat off, beat out (NH id., strike, beat, Arabic خَبَط, Aramaic ܚܒܰܛ, חֲבַט)—

Qal Impf. יַחְבֹּט Is 27:12; 3 fs. וַתַּחְבֹּט Ru 2:17; 2 ms. תַּחְבֹּט Dt 24:20; Pt. חֹבֵט Ju 6:11;— 1. beat off, זֵיתְךָ Dt 24:20. 2. beat out (grain), Gideon חֹבֵט חִטִּים בַּגַּת Ju 6:11, so Ru 2:17, of small quantities;—distinct from threshing on open floor, with cattle; fig. of י׳’s judgment, and subsequent gathering of Isr. Is 27:12 (no obj. expr.), so Che Di Du; Ges Hi Kn Brd place sub 1; VB undecided.

Niph. Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶט Is. 28:27 fennel (קֶצַח) beaten out בַּמַּטֶּה.

חֲבָיָה, חֲבַיָּה, חֳבָיָה v. sub חבה.

חֶבְ֗יוֹן v. sub חבה.

† I. [חָבַל] vb. bind, pledge (Arabic حَبَلَ bind; cf. Aramaic ܚܒܰܠ, ܚܰܒܶܠ travail; חֲבַל pledge (but rare and dub.); especially ܚܰܒܠܴܐ cord, field, חַבְלָא cord, ܚܶܒܠܴܐ, חֶבְלָא pain, especially of travail; Sab. חבל border-territory, or field, Sab, Denkm ^48.49; Ethiopic ጠበለ Zim^{BP 93 n.}, comp. Assyrian naḫbalu, rope, snare)—

Qal Pf. חָבָ֑ל Ez 18:16 Impf. יַחֲבֹל Dt 24:6; 2 ms. תַּחֲבֹל Dt 24:17; תַּחְבֹּל Ex 22:25 Jb 22:6; יַחְבְּלוּ Jb 24:3; יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Jb 24:9; Imv. sf. חַבְלֵהוּ Pr 20:16; 27:13; Inf. abs. חָבֹל Ex 22:25; Pt. act. חֹבֵל Dt 24:6, cf. חֹבְלִים Zc 11:7, 14 (name of מַקֵּל); pass. חֲבֻלִים Am 2:8;— 1. bind, only in חֹבְלִים, name of one of Zec.’s symbolic staves, Zc 11:7, 14 symbol. of fraternity. Especially 2. bind by taking a pledge of, hold by a pledge, sq. acc. pers. Pr 20:16; 27:13 Jb 22:6; take or hold in pledge, sq. acc. rei Ex 22:25 (JE), Dt 24:6^(×2), 17 Jb 24:3; sq. acc. cogn. חֲבֹל Ez 18:16; עַל־עָנִי יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Jb 24:9 prob. pregn. (v. Di) take pledges (getting power) over the poor; בְּגָדִים חֲבֻלִים Am 2:8 garments taken in pledge.

Niph. Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Pr 13:13 becometh pledged to it (i.e. pledged to pay the penalty, opp. יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם), so Ew Hi De Now Str RV^m VB. > sub II. חָבַל q.v.

Pi. Pf. 3 fs. חִבְּלָה Ct 8:5; חִבְּלַתְךָ Ct 8:5; Impf. יְחַבֶּל־ ψ 7:15;—writhe, twist, hence travail; of mother Ct 8:5^(×2) (c. acc. of child; ‖ יְלָדָ֑תְךָ); metaph. of wicked man יְחַבֶּל־אָ֑וֶן וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָֽׁקֶר׃ ψ 7:15.

† I. חֶ֫בֶל n.m. ^{Jos 2:14} f. †Zp 2:6 (but v. infr.) cord, territory, band; ח׳ abs. Jos 2:15 +; cstr. Dt 3:4 +, חֵ֫בֶל Jos 19:29; sf. חַבְלוֹ Jb 18:10; pl. חֲבָלִים 2 S 8:2 + 10 times + Ez 47:13 Jb 21:7 v. infr.; cstr. חַבְלֵי Jos 17:5 + 5 times; חֶבְלֵי ψ 116:3 + 4 times + ψ 18:5 (read משׁברי v. infr.); sf. חֲבָלָ֑יִךְ Is 33:23; חֲבָלָיו Is 33:20;—

1. cord, rope, by which men were lowered Jos 2:15 (JE), Je 38:6, 11, 12, 13, or stones dragged 2 S 17:13; of tents Is 33:20; tackling of ship v 23; for binding Ez 27:24 Jb 40:25 Est 1:6; symbol of captivity or subjection 1 K 20:31, 32; fig. of snare for wicked Jb 18:10 (‖ מַלְכֻּדְתּוֹ), set by wicked ψ 140:6 (‖ פַּח); ψ 119:61 cords of wicked men have surrounded me; of wicked held בחבלי חַטָּאתוֹ Pr 5:22; ח׳ הַשָּׁ֑וְא Is 5:18 cords (ropes) of wickedness (‖ כַּעֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה); of cords of distress (עֹ֑נִי) Jb 36:8 (‖ זִקִּים); so חֶבְלֵי מָוֶת (prob.) ψ 116:3, חֶבְלֵי שׁאוֹל ψ 18:6 = 2 S 22:6 (‖ מוֹקְשֵׁי מָוֶת);—for חֶבְלֵי מות ψ 18:5 read מִשְׁבְּרֵי, v. 2 S 22:5 and ‖ נַחֲלֵי בְלִיַּעַל, De Che Bae; to draw בְּחַבְלֵי אָדָם Ho 11:4 (i.e. humanely, kindly); of cord of life חֶבֶל הַכֶּסֶף Ec 12:6.

2. measuring-cord, line ח׳ מִדָּה Zc 2:5; so ח׳ alone 2 S 8:2^(×3) Am 7:17 Mi 2:5 ψ 78:55; fig. (of favoured life) ψ 16:6; in gen. of one’s portion, fortune Jb 21:17 according to 𝔗 Thes Add. Ew Di al., but < v. חֵבֶל. Thence

3. measured portion, lot, part, region, ח׳ נַחֲלָה inherited portion Dt 32:9 1 Ch 16:18 = ψ 105:11; also ח׳ alone Jos 17:5, 14; 19:9 Ez 47:13 (חבלים; 𝔙 𝔗 read as dual, v. Ew Sm Da al.; Co del. on intern. grounds); of particular regions ח׳ אַרְגֹּב Dt 3:4, 13, 14 1 K 4:13; ח׳ אַכְזִיב Jos 19:29 (si vera l., v. WMM^{Asien 194}); ח׳ הַיָּם Zp 2:5; also v 6, but היתה ח׳ here dub.; Sta proposes 2 fs. הָיִת, and del. ח׳ הים; without היס, v 7.

4. band, company of prophets 1 S 10:5, 10.—ii. חֶבֶל v. sub ii. חָבַל.

† חֵ֫בֶל n.m. ^{Is 66:7} (but v. Je 49:24) pain, pang;—ח׳ abs. Is 66:7; elsewhere pl. חֲבָלִים Is 13:8 + 3 times + Jb 21:17 v. infr.; cstr. חֶבְלֵי Ho 13:13; sf. חֲבָלֶיהָ Is 26:17; חֶבְלֵיהֶם Jb 39:3 (on sf. v. Ges^{§ 135, 5, R 1});—pain, pang:

1. pains of travail: a. obj. of תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Jb 39:3 meton. for offspring (‖ יַלְדֵיהֶן; v. Di; of goats and hinds). b. sim. of distress of exiles Is 26:17; fig. of anguish of nations צִירִים וַחֲבָלִים יֹאחֵזוּן Is 13:8 (‖ כַּיּוֹלֵדָה יְחִילוּן), also Je 13:21; 22:23; 49:24; of crisis of redemption Ho 13:13 (‖ חֶבְלֵי יוֹלֵדָה), of birth of new Isr. Is 66:7.

2. of other than birth-pangs only חבלים Jb 21:17; pains, pangs, sorrows (so 𝔊 𝔙 Thes,—otherwise Add.—RobGes Hi Da al.; ‖ נֵר יִדְעָ֑ךְ, יָבֹא אֵידָם); > others, portion, fortune, v. חֶבֶל.

† חֲבֹל n.[m.] pledge (as binding)—יָשִׁיב ח׳ Ez 18:12; 33:15; as cogn. acc. c. חָבַל Ez 18:16.

† [חֲבֹלָה] n.f. id. (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 179})—חֲבֹלָתוֹ Ez 18:7.

† חִבֵּל n.[m.] prob. mast (as corded or roped in place; denom. from חֶבֶל)—only in sim. of drunken man שֹׁכֵב בְּרֹאֹשׁ ח׳ Pr 23:34 (opp. שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם) i.e. in the lookout-basket at the mast-head, cf. Thes in carchesio.—𝔊 𝔙 read חֹבֵל.

† חֹבֵל n.m. sailor (denom. from חֶבֶל; i.e. rope-puller)—חֹבְלֵי הַיָּם Ez 27:29; חֹבְלָ֑יִךְ Ez 27:8, 27, 28; coll. רַב הַחֹבֵל i.e. the captain Jon 1:6.

† חֹבְלִים n.[m.]pl. union (lit. binders) name of Zec.’s second symbolic staff Zc 11:7 and c. art. v 14. See חָבַל 1.

† [תַּחְבֻּלָה] n.f. direction, counsel (prob. orig. of rope-pulling, i.e. steering, directing a ship, v. חֹבֵל, so Thes; v. De Pr 1:5);—only pl. and only WisdLt. תַּחְבֻּלוֹת abs. Pr 1:5 + 3 times; cstr. Pr 12:5; sf. תַּחְבּוּלֹתָ֯ו Jb 37:12—direction, guidance (i.e. by God) Jb 37:12 (of thunder cloud); counsels of wicked (רשׁעים) Pr 12:5 (opp. מַחְשְׁבוֹת צדיקים); gen. good, wise counsels Pr 1:5; 11:14 (‖ רֹב יועֵץ), 24:6 (‖ id.); 20:18 (‖ עֵצָה).

II. חָבַל vb. act (ruinously) corruptly (NH id. wound, injure; Arabic خَبَلَ corrupt or render unsound (the mind, a limb, etc.), خَبِلَ be deranged (in mind); Assyrian ḫabâlu, injure, VR^{62, 11}; Aramaic ܚܰܒܶܠ, חַבֵּל corrupt, ruin; Ethiopic ተሐበለ be arrogant, audacious; Sab. חֿבל DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 48}; cf. Palm. חבל mortuus Vog^{No. 161} and often)—

Qal Pf. 1 pl. חָבַלְנוּ Ne 1:7; Impf. 1 s. אֶחְבֹּל Jb 34:31; Inf. cstr. (used as abs.) Ne 1:7;—act corruptly against, חֲבֹל חבלנו לְ Ne 1:7; abs. Jb 34:31.

Niph. Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Pr 13:13 shall be ruined (לֵ reflex.), Thes RobGes AV RV, but < I. חָבַל (v. p. 286).

Pi. ruin, destroy: Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְחִבֵּל את מעשׂה ידיך Ec 5:5, subj. God. Impf. 3 fs. תְּחַבֵּל וְחֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Mi 2:10 that destroyeth, even with sore destruction; but read rather תְּחֻבְּלוּ ח׳ נ׳ ye shall be destroyed with etc., so 𝔊 Roorda Che. Inf. cstr. לְחַבֵּל c. acc., the poor Is 32:7, the land 13:5; abs. 54:16; cf. Pt. pl. מְחַבְּלִים Ct 2:15 c. acc. of foxes ruining vineyards.

Pu. Pf. 3 ms. וְחֻבַּל consec. Is 10:27 of yoke, be ruined, broken, si vera l.; RS^{JPh. xiii. 1885, p. 62} proposes יחדל, cf. also Che^{crit. n.}; and rem. by Di Du; 3 fs. חֻבָּ֑לָה Jb 17:1 my spirit is broken (‖ יָמַי נִזְעָ֑כוּ); Impf. 2 mpl. תְּחֻבְּלוּ Mi 2:10 (emend.: v. supr.)

† II. חֶ֫בֶל n.m. destruction—חֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Mi 2:10; cf. ii. חָבַל Pi.

† חֲבַצֶּלֶת n.f. meadow-saffron or crocus (colchicum autumnale, Linn.) (Syriac ܚܰܡܨܰܠܳܝܬܳܐ, v. Ges^Comm. Is 35:1 Löw^{p. 174, No. 128}; Assyrian ḫabaṣillatu VR^{32, 62} is a marsh-plant, reed; cf. Zim^{BP 59} Dl^{HA 34; Pr 82}; also Che^l.c. and crit. n.);—ח׳ הַשָּׁרוֹן שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים Ct 2:1 (fig. of Shulamite), וְתָגֵל עֲרָבָה וְתִפְרַח כַּחֲבַצָּֽלֶת׃ Is 35:1 (narcissus Che Is 35:1 cf. Conder ^{PEF, 1878, 46} Tristr^{NHB 476} al.)

† חֲבַצִּנְיָה n.pr.m. a Rechabite Je 35:3, 𝔊 Χαβασ(ε)ιν.

† [חָבַק] vb. clasp, embrace (NH id.; 𝔗 חַבֵּקֹ; Mand.. ܚܒܰܩ, NSyr. ܚܦܩ; Arabic حَبَقَ ii. collect one’s possessions, etc., Frey)—

Qal Inf. לַחֲבוֹק Ec 3:5; Pt. חֹבֵק Ec 4:5; חֹבֶקֶת 2 K 4:16;—embrace, c. acc. בֵּן 2 K 4:16; יָדָיו Ec 4:5 (said of הַכְּסִיל = fold his arms, i.e. be idle; cf. חִבֻּק); no obj. expr. Ec 3:5 (‖ Pi).

Pi. Pf. חִבְּקוּ Jb 24:8 La 4:5; Impf. וַיְחַבֵּק Gn 48:10; וַיְחַבֶּק־ Gn 29:13; וַיְחַבְּקֵהוּ Gn 33:4; 3 fs. sf. תְּחַבְּקֵ֫נִי Ct 2:6; 8:3; 2 ms. וּתְחַבֵּק Pr 5:20, sf. תְּחַבְּקֶ֫נָּה Pr 4:8; Inf. חַבֵּק Ec 3:5;—embrace of pers., no obj. עת לִרְחֹק מֵחַבֵּק Ec 3:5 (‖ Qal); sq. לְ Gn 29:13 (J), 48:10 (E); sq. sf. 33:4 (J), Pr 4:8 Ct 2:6; 8:3; c. acc. Pr 5:20; embrace צוּר for want of shelter Jb 24:8 (of poor); embrace refuse-heaps אשׁפתות La 4:5, i.e. are outcasts.

† חִבֻּק n.[m.] a clasping, folding of the hands, only cstr. מְעַט ח׳ יָדַיִם לִשְׁכָּ֑ב Pr 6:10; 24:33 (cf. חָבַק Qal).

† חֲבַקּוּק n.pr.m. the prophet Habakkuk Hb 1:1; 3:1; 𝔊 Ἀμβακουμ (Assyrian ḫambaḳûḳu is name of a plant, Dl^{HA 36, Pr 84}, so حبقبق in Yemen (Schweinfurth) v. Hom^{Aufsätze u. Abh. 1892, 27, 28}).

† [חָבַר] vb. unite (usually intr.), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm (NH id.; Ethiopic ኀበረ yet Assyrian [abâru], ubburu, bind, ban (of spells), ibru, friend, and many deriv., Dl^{W 51 ff.}; Aramaic ܚܰܒܰܪ, חַבֵּר and many deriv.; cf. Ph. n. חבר associate)—

Qal Pf. 3 mpl. חָֽבְרוּ Gn 14:3; Pt. act. m. חֹבֵר Dt 18:11, חוֹבֵר ψ 58:6; fpl. חֹבְרֹת Ex 26:3^(×2) + 2 times + Ez 1:9 (cf. infr.), חוֹבְרוֹת Ez 1:11; Pt. pass. cstr. חֲבוּר Ho 4:17 (yet. v. infr.);— 1. unite, be joined: a. of allies, sq. אֶל־ loc. Gn 14:3, constr. praegn. = came as allies unto; pt. pass. fig. חֲבוּר עֲצַבִּים אֶפְרָ֖יִם Ho 4:17 Ephr. is joined to idols (but We reads חבר, v. חָבֵר 2 d, and cf. חֲבֵרָיו Is 44:11, חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Mal 2:14). b. of one thing reaching to, touching another; wings of Ezek.’s living creatures sq. אֶל־ rei, Ez 1:9 (del. 𝔊 B Co, but v. Sm); cf. ח׳ אישׁ v 11, i.e. joining each one (trans.), < 𝔊 𝔖 Co ח׳ אשׁה אל־אחותה (as v 9), united each to the other; so of curtains of tabernacle, sq. אֶל־ rei Ex 26:3^(×2); abs. joined together, of shoulder pieces of ephod Ex 28:7; 39:4 (all P; cf. also Pu). 2. tie magic knots, charm (RS^{JPh. xiv.1885, 123} thinks meaning charm is der. from nectere verba, and comp. Arabic خَبَر, narrative); only c. acc. cogn. ח׳ חָ֑בֶר Dt 18:11 (in a long series of kindred phrases), specif. of charming serpents ψ 58:6 (‖ מְלַחֲשִׁים).

Pi. Pf. 3 ms. חִבַּר 36:10; 2 ms. וְחִבַּרְתָּ֫ Ex 26:6 + 2 times; Impf. וַיְחַבֵּר Ex 36:10 + 2 times; sf. וַיְחַבְּרֵהוּ 2 Ch 20:36; Inf. cstr. לְחַבֵּר Ex 36:18;— 1. make an ally of, unite one with, only ויחברהו עִמּוֹ 2 Ch 20:36 and he united him with himself, sq. Inf. of purpose. 2. unite, join (trans.), only Ex (P), of tabern., obj. the curtains, sq. acc. + אֶל־ rei Ex 26:6; 36:10^(×2), 13; sq. acc. only 26:9; 36:16; obj. את־האהל join the tent together, 26:11; 36:18.

Pu. Pf. 3 ms. חֻבָּ֑ר Ex 39:4, וְחֻבָּ֑ר consec. Ex 28:7 (but v. infr.), 3 fs. שֶׁחֻבְּרָה־ ψ 122:3; Impf. 3 ms. יְחֻבַּר Ec 9:4 Qr (Kt יבחר v. infr.); sf. הַיְחָבְרְךָ ψ 94:20 (Kö^{i. 257 f.}; Ges Ew Bö De al. as Qal);— 1. a. be allied with thee (sf. ref. to י׳) ψ 94:20; b. be united to = be one of, מי אשׁר יְח׳ אל כל־הַחַיִּם whoever is united to all the living (Kt יבחר is meaningless) Ec 9:4. 2. be joined together, of ephod עַל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹותָ֯ו ח׳ Ex 39:4 by its two edges was it joined together; cf. ‖ 28:7 (where MT אֶל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹתָיו וְחֻבָּ֑ר < 𝔊 Sam which read עַל־שׁ׳ ק׳ יְחֻבָּ֑ר); עִיר שֶׁח׳־לָהּ ψ 122:3 joined together for itself, i.e. compactly built (of Jerusalem).

Hiph. Impf. 1 s. אַחְבִּ֫ירָה עליכם בְּמִלִּים Jb 16:4 I could make a joining with words (i.e. join words together RV VB) against you.

Hithp. (late) Pf. אֶתְחַבֵּר (Ges^{§ 54, 1 n.}) 2 Ch 20:35; Impf. יִתְחַבָּ֑רוּ Dn 11:6; Inf. sf. הִתְחַבֶּרְךָ 2 Ch 20:37; Aramaic form הִתְחַבְּרוּת Dn 11:23 (Ges^{§ 54, 3 R. 1});—join oneself to, make an alliance with, sq. עִם pers. 2 Ch 20:35, 37, sq. אֶל־ pers. Dn 11:23; recipr. league together (abs.) Dn 11:6.

† I. חֶ֫בֶר n.[m.] company, association, spell—abs. חָ֑בֶר Dt 18:11 + 2 times; cstr. חֶבֶר Ho 6:9; pl. חֲבָרִים ψ 58:6, sf. חֲבָרַיִךְ Is 47:9, 12;—

1. company, band of (bad) priests Ho 6:9.

2. association, society (abstr.), only in בֵּית חָ֑בֶר Pr 21:9 = 25:24 house of association, i.e. shared with a contentious woman (house in common, v. RV^m VB).

3. spell: a. as acc. cogn. c. חָבַר (q.v.) Dt 18:11 ψ 58:6. b. alone, of Babylonian magic Is 47:9, 12 (v. Len^{Chald. Magic [1878]; Magie u. Wahrsagekunst, 1878}; Scholz^{Götzendienst u. Zauberwesen, 1877, 80 ff.} Say^{TBA iii. 145 ff. and Rel. Bab 396 ff., 440 ff.}).

† II. חֶ֫בֶר, חֵ֫בֶר n.pr.m.

1. חֶבֶר (𝔊 Χαβερ) the Kenite, husband of Jael Ju 4:11, 17^(×2), 21; 5:24.

2. a man of Asher חִבֶר Gn 46:17 (P) 𝔊 Χοβωρ 1 Ch 7:31, 32 𝔊 Χαβερ 𝔊L Ιεχοβερ; חֵבֶר Nu 26:45 𝔊 Χοβερ; on poss. identif. with Ḫabiri of Tel el Amarna v. Jastr ^{JBL 1892, xi. 118 ff. 1893, xii. 61 ff.}

3. חֶבֶר name in Judah 1 Ch 4:18 𝔊 Αβεισα, 𝔊L Αβερ.

4. חָ֑בֶר a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:17 𝔊 Αβαρ, 𝔊L Αβερ.

† חֶבְרִי adj.gent. of 2 supr., only c. art. = n. coll. מִשְׁפַּחַת הַחֶבְרִי Nu 26:45 (𝔊 Χοβερ(ε)ι).

† חֶבְרָה n.f. association, company (abstr.) וְאָרַח לְח׳ עִם פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן Jb 34:8 and he goeth for company with doers of wickedness (‖ וְלָלֶכֶת עִם־אַנְשֵׁי־רֶשַׁע).

† חָבֵר adj. and n.m. Ct 8:13, united, associate, companion—ח׳ abs. Pr 28:24 ψ 119:63; sf. חֲבֵרוֹ Ec 4:10 (+ 3 times Ez Kt; Qr חבריו, v. infr.); pl. חֲבֵרִים Ju 20:11 Ct 8:13; cstr. חַבְרֵי Is 1:23; sf. חֲבֵרֶ֑ךָ ψ 45:8, חֲבֵרֶ֑יךָ Ct 1:7; חֲבֵרָיו Is 44:11 + 3 times Ez Qr;—

1. adj. united כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד חֲבֵרִים Ju 20:11 knit together as one man (AV RV).

2. n. associate, fellow: a. of children (tribes) of Isr. assoc. with Judah as head Ez 37:16; id. assoc. with Joseph (Ephr.) as head v 16, 19 (in all these read Qr חֲבֵרָיו). b. of like rank ψ 45:8. c. of like calling Ct 1:7. d. worshippers (associates, belonging to the society or guild) of idols Is 44:11 (v. Che; > others priests, Geiger ^{Urschr, 121, 493} SS, cf. חֶבֶר Ho 6:9; Du reads חֲבָרִים enchantments). e. in gen. Ct 8:13. f. implying likeness of character Is 1:23 Pr 28:24 ψ 119:63.

3. companion at a particular time Ec 4:10.

† [חֲבֶ֫רֶת] n.f. consort, i.e. wife וְהִיא חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Mal 2:14 (‖ אֵשֶׁת בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ).

† חֹבֶ֫רֶת n.f. a thing that joins or is joined, only of the curtain-pieces of the tabernacle, as joined together:—הַח׳ Ex 26:10; 36:17; בַּחֹבָ֑רֶת Ex 26:4, 10.

† [חַבָּר] n.m. associate, partner in a trade or calling, only יִכְרוּ עָלָיו חַבָּרִים Jb 40:30 will partners (i.e. those engaged in the catch) make traffic upon it (the crocodile)?

† חַבּוּרָה [חַבֻּרָה, חֲבֻרָה] n.f. stripe, blow;—abs. חַבּ׳ Is 1:6 + 2 times; sf. חַבֻּרָתִי Gn 4:23; חֲבֻרָתוֹ Is 53:5; pl. cstr. חַבֻּרוֹת Pr 20:30; sf. חַבּוּרֹתָ֑י ψ 38:6:—stripe, blow, stroke, Gn 4:23 my blow, i.e. for striking me (J), cf. Ex 21:25^(×2) (JE), also of injury to land of Judah (under fig. of human body) Is 1:6 (all ‖ פֶּצַע, v. infr.); of blows (sg. coll.) inflicted on suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:5; (pl.) ψ 38:6, חַבֻּרוֹת פֶּצַע Pr 20:30, i.e. blows that cut in (‖ מַכּוֹת).

† [חֲבַרְבֻּרָה] n.f. stripe, mark, only pl. sf. חֲבַרְבֻּרֹתָיו Je 13:23 of stripes on a panther (tiger? cf. נָמֵר;—‖ עוֹרוֹ of a Cushite).

† I. חֶבְרוֹן n.pr.loc. Hebron (association, league)—ח׳ Gn 13:18 +; c. ה loc. חֶבְרוֹנָה Jos 10:36 + 6 times; חֶבְרֹ֫נָה 2 S 2:1;—𝔊 Χεβρων; mod. El-Ḫalîl (v. Rob^{BR i. 213 f., ii. 73 ff.} Guérin^{Judée iii. 214 ff.}); ancient city in southern Judah, where (or near which) Abr. built an altar Gn 13:18 (J), and where was a sanctuary in Dvd.’s time 2 S 15:7, cf. לפני י׳ בְּח׳ 2 S 5:3 = 1 Ch 11:3; built 7 yrs. bef. Ṣoan in Egypt according to Nu 13:22 b (JE); under a king Jos 10:3, 5, 23 (JE) 12:10 (D); assigned to Caleb Jos 14:13, 14 (JED) Ju 1:20 yet v. 1 Ch 6:40 (cf. v 41); older name קִרְיַת (הָ)אַרְבַּע according to Jos 14:15 (JED), cf. Gn 23:2; 35:27 Jos 15:54; 20:7 (all P) Ju 1:10 b; v. also Jos 15:13; 21:11 (both P); called also מַמְרֵא Gn 23:19 (and 35:27, both P); a city of refuge Jos 21:13 (P) = 1 Ch 6:42; עֵמֶק ח׳ Gn 37:14 (J); named elsewhere Nu 13:22 a (JE) Jos 10:36, 39; 11:21 (all D) Ju 1:10 a; 16:3 2 S 2:32; 15:9 2 Ch 11:10; a resort of David, and for 7 yrs. his royal city 1 S 30:31 2 S 2:1, 11; 3:2, 5, 19, 20, 22, 27, 32; 4:1, 8, 12^(×2); 5:1, 3, 13 1 K 2:11; 1 Ch 3:1, 4; 11:1, 3; 12:24, 39 (van d. H. v 23, 38) 29:27; read also perhaps for תחתו 2 S 3:12, 𝔊L εἰς Χεβρων, cf. Dr; seat of Absalom’s rebellion 2 S 15:10; עָרֵי ח׳ 2 S 2:3 abode of David’s men.

II. חֶבְרוֹן n.pr.m. (𝔊 Χεβρων).

1. grandson of Levi Ex 6:18; Nu 3:19 (both P) = 1 Ch 5:28 = 6:3, 23:12, 19, cf. 15:9.

2. name in Caleb’s family 1 Ch 2:42, 43.

† חֶבְרוֹנִי, חֶבְרֹנִי adj.gent. of ii. חֶבְרוֹן 1:—alwaysc.art. as subst. coll.; לַחברוני 1 Ch 26:23, 30, 31^(×2); משׁפחת הַחברני Nu 3:27; 26:58.

† מַחְבֶּ֫רֶת n.f. thing joined, place of joining;—abs. מ׳ Ex 26:4 + 3 times; מַחְבָּ֑רֶת Ex 36:11, 17; sf. מַחְבַּרְתּוֹ Ex 28:27; 39:20;—

1. thing joined, of curtain-pieces of tabernacle (cf. חֹבֶרֶת), Ex 26:4, 5; 36:11^(×2), 12.

2. place of joining: a. of the curtains Ex 36:17. b. of shoulder-pieces of the ephod Ex 28:27; 39:20 (all P).

† [מְחַבְּרָה] n.f. binder, clamp, joint, only pl. abs. מְחַבְּרוֹת, of iron, clamps or the like, 1 Ch 22:3; of wood, binder, or coupling, 2 Ch 34:11.

† חָבוֹר n.pr.fl. called נְהַר גּוֹזָן 2 K 17:6 = 18:11; erron. 1 Ch 5:26 וְח׳ וְהָרָא וּנְהַר גּוֹזָן; 𝔊 (Χ)αβωρ, Gk. Χαβωρας, etc., Assyrian Ḫabur, flowing into Euphrates from E.(DlPa ^{183 ff.} KAT^{2 275. 614} COT^{i. 267}); v. גּוֹזָן.

חֲבֻרָתוֹ v. חַבּוּרָה supr.

† [חָבַשׁ] vb. bind, bind on, bind up (NH id.; Assyrian abâšu, according to Dl^{W 70}, ^{Pr 174}; Arabic حَبَسَ confine, restrict; yet on Assyrian ḫibšu ‘Kopfbinde’ (c. חֿ), etc., v. Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 499, 526}; Aramaic ܚܒܰܫ; cf. ܚܒܽܘܫܝܳܐ, חֲבוּשְׁיָא imprisonment, etc.)—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְחָבַשְׁתָּ֫ Ex 29:9; 2 mpl. חֲבַשְׁתֶּם Ez 34:4; Impf. יַחֲבוֹשׁ Jb 34:17; וַיַּחֲבֹשׁ Gn 22:3 + 4 times; וִיַּחֲבָשׁ־ 1 K 13:23; וְיֶחְבָּ֑שׁ Jb 5:18; וַיַּחְבְּשֵׁנוּ Ho 6:1; 3 fs. וַתַּחֲבֹשׁ 2 K 4:24; אֶהֱבֹשׁ Ez 34:16; cohort. אֶחְבְּשָׁה־ 2 S 19:27 (but cf.infr.); וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Ez 16:10; וַיַּחְבְּשׁוּ־ 1 K 13:13; וַיַּחֲבֹ֑שׁוּ 1 K 13:27; Imv. חֲבֹשׁ Jb 40:13; חֲבוֹשׁ Ez 24:17; חִבְשׁוּ 1 K 13:13, 27; Inf. cstr. חֲבֹשׁ Is 30:26; 61:1; לְחָבְשָׁהּ Ez 30:21 (del. Co, cf. 𝔊). Pt. act. חֹבֵשׁ Is 3:7; pass. חָבוּשׁ Jon 2:6; חֲבוּשִׁים Ju 19:10; חֲבֻשִׁים 2 S 16:1 Ez 27:24;— 1. bind, bind on: a. headgear, c. acc. rei, לְ pers. Ex 29:9 Lv 8:13 (both P); c. על pers. Ez 24:17; pass. of seaweeds clinging about head סוּף חָבוּשׁ לְרֹאשִׁי Jon 2:6; c. sf. pers. et בְּ rei וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Ez 16:10 and I bound (or wound) about thee (i.e. thy head, Sm VB) שֵׁשׁ (in metaph. of י׳’s care for Jerus.; ‖ אַלְבִּישֵׁךְ, אֶנְעֲלֵךְ); fig. of punishment for wicked פְּנֵיהֶם חֲבֹשׁ בטמון Jb 40:13 veil their faces in darkness (‖ טָמְנֵם בֶּעָפָר) v. Di b. pass. prob. twined, twisted in חֲבָלִים חֲבֻשִׁים וַאֲרֻזִים Ez 27:24, cords twisted and strong, v. Sm Da. Especially c. of equipping a beast for riding; ass, in acc. Gn 22:3 Nu 22:21 (both E), 2 S 17:23 & 19:27 (where however read לוֹ חָבְשָׁה־לִּי, so 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th We Dr), 1 K 2:40; 13:13^(×2), 23, 27^(×2) (v 27 b no dir. obj. expressed) 2 K 4:24; pass., also of asses, Ju 19:10 2 S 16:1. d. fig. = restrain, control (Germ. bändigen), abs. Jb 34:17. 2. bind up, viz. a wound, usually in fig., of comforting the distressed, etc.; c. sf. pers. Ho 6:1 (‖ רָכָּא, opp. הִכָּה); sq. לְ pers. לַחֲבֹשׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב Is 61:1; cf. Ez 34:4 (sq. לַנִּשְׁבֶּרֶת; ‖ חַזֵּק, רִפֵּא), v 16 (sq. id.; ‖ חִזֵּק); sq. acc. rei בְּיוֹם חֲבֹשׁ י׳ אֶת־שֶׁבֶר עַמּוֹ Is 30:26;26 (‖ רָפָא); c. acc. of Pharaoh’s broken arm Ez 30:21 (si vera l., v. supr.; cf. Pu.); abs. Jb 5:18 (opp. הִכְאִיב; ‖ רָפָה = רָפָא); also Is 3:7 of repairing fortunes of people.

Pi. Pf. חִבֵּשׁ bind, restrain מִבְּכִי נהרות Jb 28:11; Pt. מְחַבֵּשׁ bind up לְעַצְבוֹתָם ψ 147:3.

Pu. Pf. be bound up חֻבְּשָׁה Ez 30:21 (metaph.) Pharaoh’s broken arm; חֻבָּ֑שׁוּ Is 1:6 (wounds of land of Judah).

חבת (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَبَتَ be obscure, iv. be lowly, submissive, خَبْتٌ low ground.)

† חֲבִתִּים n.[m.]pl. (NH id.)—some kind of flat cakes, or bread-wafers, only מַעֲשֵׂה הַח׳ 1 Ch 9:31.

† מַחֲבַת n.f. flat plate, pan, or griddle for baking, only P and late; abs. מ׳ Lv 2:5 + 2 times; מַחֲבַ֑ת Lv 7:9; cstr. מַחֲבַת Ez 4:3;—

1. used in preparing the (baken) mincha, preceded by עַל־ Lv 2:5; 6:14; 7:9 (all P), cf. 1 Ch 23:29.

2. מ׳ בַּרְזֶל Ez 4:3 a plate of iron, signifying an iron wall, in prediction of siege of city.

חָג, חָגָּא v. sub חגג.

חגב (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; poss. cf. Arabic حَجَبَ prevent, intervene, hide, حِجَابٌ that which veils, conceals, hides; Syriac ܚܽܘܓܒܳܐ shrine; hence locusts as concealing the sky?).

† I. חָגָב n.m. ^{Ec 12:5} locust, grasshopper (NH id.; cf. 𝔗), prob. a non-flying species, v. Kn in Di Lv 11:22; הֶחָגָב allowed as food Lv 11:22 (P; ‖ אַרְבֶּה, סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל), כַּחֲגָבִים Nu 13:33 (JE; sim. of insignificance), so Is 40:22; as agent of Yahweh’s wrath חָגָב לֶאֱכוֹל חארץ 2 Ch 7:13; וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב Ec 12:5 and the grasshopper shall be a burden; better shall stuff itself, grow fat (s. סבל); De thinks ח׳ here fig. of the back part of the pelvic cavity (Arabic حَجَبَةٌ is point of hip-bone, Bö, cf. Lane), and refers to stiffness of aged joints, so Now; but the meaning is dubious; v. other views in Comm.

† II. חָגָב n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:46 𝔊 Ἁγαβ (no ‖ in Ne 7 H; but 𝔊L Ne 7:48 has both Αγαβ and Αγαβα, cf. חֲגָבָא).

† חֲגָבָא n.pr.m. head of a family of returnng exiles Ne 7:48, 𝔊 Ἁγαβα (cf. also foregoing) prob. = following.

† חֲגָבָה n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:45, prob. = foregoing; 𝔊 Ἁγαβα.

† [חָגַג] vb. make pilgrimage, keep a pilgrim-feast (Arabic حَجَّ betake oneself to or towards an object of reverence; make a pilgrimage to Mecca; Sab. חגג make pilgrimage Sab. Denkm^{86, cf. 85}; Syriac ܚܰܓܺܝ celebrate a feast. In Palm. חגגו is n.pr. Vog^{No. 61}; cf. also Ph. n.pr. חגי, חגת);—

Qal Pf. 2 mpl. חַגֹּתֶם Ex 12:14 + 2 times; Impf. 2 ms. תָּחֹג Ex 23:14 Dt 16:15; 3 mpl. יָח֫וֹגּוּ ψ 107:27 (Bö^{§ 1118 (2)}); וְיָחֹ֫גּוּ Ex 5:1; 2 mpl. תָּחֹ֫גּוּ Lv 23:39, 41; sf. תְּהָגֻּ֫הוּ Ex 12:14; Imv. f. חָגִּי Na 2:1; Inf. cstr. חֹג Zc 14:18 + 2 times; Pt. חוֹגֵג ψ 42:5; pl. חֹגֲגִים 1 S 30:16;— 1. keep a pilgrim-feast, abs. Ex 5:1 (JE) of one proposed by Moses; שׁלשׁ רגלים תחג לי three times shalt thou make pilgrimage unto me (in the year) Ex 23:14 (covt. code); of pilgrim-feasts in general Na 2:1, the Passover Ex 12:14 (P); elsewhere feast of Booths; all celebrated in part by sacred processions and dances; המון חוגג ψ 42:5 multitude keeping festival (led by the Psalmist in procession); חגג חג Lv 23:39 (H), Nu 29:12 (P), Na 2:1 Zc 14:16, 18, 19; חגג אתו חג Ex 12:14 (P), Lv 23:41 (H); אתוֹ Lv 23:41 (H); sf. Ex 12:14 (P). 2. behave as at a חָג 1 S 30:16 (of the Amalekites when surprised by David i.e. enjoying themselves merrily, Dr; others, circling in the sacred dance). 3. reel, in giddiness on the sea ψ 107:27 (cf. חָגָּא Is 19:17); this either points to an earlier meaning of √; or better, the ψ being late, means reel as from festival excesses (‖ וְיָנוּעוּ כַשִּׁכּוֹר).

† חַג n.m. ^{Is 29:1} festival-gathering, feast, pilgrim-feast (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܰܓܳܐ, חַגָּא; Arabic حَجٌّ pilgrimage; Sab. חג DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 31}; Nö^{ZMG 1887, 719}; RS^{Proph. Lect. ii. n. 6}; > We^{Skizzen iii. 106, 165} sacred dance)—חַג abs. and cstr. Ex 10:9 + 36 times; חָ֑ג Nu 28:17 + 13 times; sf. חַגִּי Ex 23:18; חַגֶּךָ֑ Dt 16:14; חַגָּהּ Ho 2:13; חַגֵּנוּ ψ 81:4; pl. חַגִּים Is 29:1 + 2 times; sf. חַגַּיִךְ Na 2:1; חַגֵּיכֶם Am 5:21 + 2 times;—

1. feast, especially one observed by a pilgrimage (Ex 23:14, 17): a. special feast to the golden calf Ex 32:5 (J; where there was a sacred dance v 19); a feast in the 8th month observed by Jeroboam in place of the feast of the 7th month in Judah 1 K 12:32, 33; pilgrim feast proposed by Moses Ex 10:9 (JE); feast at Shiloh Ju 21:19. Elsewhere b. apparently always of the three great pilgrim feasts, celebrated by processions and dancing: (1) in general Is 30:29 Am 8:10 Na 2:1; חגים ינקפו let feasts come round Is 29:1; ‖ עצרות Am 5:21; חַג לי׳ Lv 23:41 (H); disting. from the more gen. מועדים (sacred seasons) Ez 45:17; 46:11 Ho 9:5 (יום חג), and from specif. חדשׁים, שׁבתות as well, Ho 2:13; (2) in particular: unleavened cakes and Passover חג (ה)מצות Ex 23:15 = 34:18 (JE); Lv 23:6 (P), Dt 16:16 2 Ch 8:13; 30:13, 21; 35:17 Ezr 6:22; חג Ex 12:14 (P); first day of the seven Nu 28:17 (P); the last day Ex 13:6 (J); the seven Ez 45:21, 23; חג חפסח Ex 34:25, חגי Ex 23:18 (both JE); בַּכֶּסֶה לְיּוֹם חַגֵּנוּ ψ 81:4 (probably the full moon of Passover); חג הקציר Ex 23:16 = חג שׁבעת Ex 34:22 (JE), cf. Dt 16:10, 16 2 Ch 8:13; חג האס(י)ף Ex 23:16 = 34:22 (JE) = חג הסכ(ו)ת Lv 23:34 (P), Dt 16:13, 16; 31:10 2 Ch 8:13 Ezr 3:4 Zc 14:16, 18, 19; also חג י׳ Lv 23:39 (H), הֶחָג 1 K 8:2, 65 = 2 Ch 5:3; 7:8, 9, Ez 45 Ne 8:14; חַגֶּךָ֑ (i.e. of people) Dt 16:14; 7 days Nu 29:12 (P), Ne 8:18.—Vbs. c. חג are: חגג Lv 23:39, 41 (H), Ex 12:14 Nu 29:12 (P), Na 2:1 Zc 14:16, 18, 19; שׁמר Ex 23:15 = 34:18 (JE); התקדשׁ Is 30:29; but usually עשׂה Ex 34:22 (JE), Dt 16:10, 13 1 K 8:65; 12:32, 33 2 Ch 7:8, 9; 30:13, 21; 35:17 Ezr 3:4; 6:22 Ne 8:18.

2. festival sacrifice (cf. NH חֲגִיגָה) ψ 118:27 (see מזבח 12); Mal 2:3 (RV after Thes Ke al.: but AV Ew Or feast).

† חָגָּא n.[f.] reeling (Aramaism for חגה Ew^{§ 173 b}, by copyist’s error Di)—וְהָֽיְתָה … למצרים לח׳ Is 19:17 and the land of Judah shall become to Egypt a reeling, i.e. Egypt shall reel in terror at the sight of it (‖ יִפְחָ֑ד; this meaning may either be from an orig. sense of חגג, or = be excited as at a חָג, cf. חנג 3).

† חַגַּי n.pr.m. (festal; Ph. חגי, חגת; Palm. חגגו Vog^{No. 61})—the prophet Haggai Hg 1:1, 3, 12, 13; 2:1, 10, 13, 14, 20 Ezr 5:1; 6:14; 𝔊 Ἀγγαῖος.

† חַגִּי n.pr.m. (festal)

1. 𝔊 Ἀγγις, son of Gad Gn 46:16 Nu 26:15 (both P).

2. adj. gent. as subst. coll., c. art. Nu 26:15 (P).

† חַגִיָּה n.pr.m. (feast of Yah) a Levite, son of Shimea 1 Ch 6:15; 𝔊 Ἀγγια.

† חַגִּית n.pr.f. (festal) wife of David and mother of Adonijah 2 S 3:4 1 K 1:5, 11; 2:13 1 Ch 3:2; 𝔊 Ἀγγιθ.

חגה (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic حَجَا conceal; حَجًا, حَجًى place of refuge, protection).

† [חֲגָוִים] n.m.pl. places of concealment, retreats, as abode of dove יוֹנָתִי בְּחַגְוֵי הַסֶּלַע Ct 2:14 (in metaph.); also, hyperbol., as abode of Edom שֹׁכְנִי בח׳ (ה)סלע Je 49:16 Ob 3.

חגל (√ of foll.; Arabic حَجَلَ, hobble, hop, whence حَجَلٌ patridge, cf. Syriac ܚܓܰܠ, ܚܰܓܠܴܐ, id.)

† חָגְלָה n.pr.f. (= partridge, v. supr.)—a daughter of Ṣelophchad of Manasseh Nu 26:33; 27:1; 36:11 Jos 17:3 (all P); 𝔊 Ἑγλα, A Αιγλα(μ). On n.pr.loc. בֵּית ח׳ v. p. 111 b.

† [חָגַר] vb. gird, gird on, gird oneself (NH id., Aramaic חֲגַר; Arabic حَجَرَ hinder, restrain, so Syriac ܚܓܰܪ; Assyrian agâru, surround, in deriv., Dl^{W 105 ff.}; Sab. מחגרת (cf. Arabic مَحْجِرٌ, مَحَاجِر, enclosed space, district, etc.), DHM in MV; also n.pr. dei and loc. חגר, Sab. Denkm^3.81.93 CIS^{iv. 1, No. 49} etc.)—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָֽגְרָה Pr 31:17; 2 ms. וְהָגַרְתָּ֫ Ex 29:9; 3 pl. חָֽגְרוּ Is 15:3 La 2:10; וְח׳ consec. Ez 7:18; 27:31; Impf. 3 ms. יַחְגֹּר Lv 16:4, וַיַּחְגֹּר Lv 8:7^(×2) + 4 times; sf. יַחְגְּרֶ֑הָ ψ 109:19; 2 ms. תַּחְגֹּר ψ 76:11 (but on text v. infr.); 3 mpl. יַחְגְּרוּ Ez 44:18 2 S 22:46 (but on text of both v. infr.), וַיַּחְגְּרוּ 1 S 25:13 1 K 20:32; 3 fpl. תַּחְגֹּרְנָה ψ 65:13; 2 mpl. וַתַּחְגְּרוּ De 1:41; Imv. ms. חֲגֹר 2 K 4:29; 9:1, חֲגוֹר ψ 45:4; fs. חִגְרִי־ Je 6:26; mpl. חִגְרוּ 1 S 25:13 + 3 times; fpl. חֲגֹרְנָה Je 49:3, cf. חֲג֖וֹרָה Is 32:11 (v. infr.); Inf. cstr. לַחֲגֹר Is 22:12; Pt. act. חֹגֵר 1 K 20:11 2 K 3:21; pass. m. חָגוּר Ju 18:11 + 5 times; f. cstr. חֲגֻרַת־ Jo 1:8; pl. חֲגוּרִים Ex 12:11 Ju 18:16; חֲגֻרִים Dn 10:5;— 1. trans., gird some one, with girdle; c. 2 acc. Ex 29:9 Lv 8:13 (both P); pass., girded with ephod (acc.) 1 S 2:18 2 S 6:14; sq. בְּ Dn 10:5, c. acc. and בְּ, fig. Pr 31:17, חגרה בְּעוז מתניה Lv 8:7^(×2) (P), c. acc. מתנים gird up thy loins, i.e. make ready to go 2 K 4:29; 9:1, pass. Ex 12:11 (P); cf. prob. also חֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־חֲלָצָ֑יִם Is 32:11 gird upon the loins (2nd acc. om.); on verb. form as Imv. fpl. v. AE Ki Ew^{§ 226 a} Di Du; > as ms. Ol^{§ 234 a} Ges^{§ 48. 5} Sta^{§ 591 d} Kö^{§ 20. 12.} 2. gird on, bind on (= gird oneself with), a girdle ψ 109:19 (in sim.); so especially c. acc. שׂק, שׂקים of mourning Is 15:3; 22:12 La 2:10 Ez 7:18; 27:31 2 S 3:31 Je 4:8; 6:26; 49:3; also 1 K 20:32 (c. acc. שׂק + ב bef. מתנים); pass., sq. על bef. obj. of mourning Jo 1:8 (sim.); abs. (שׂק om.) Jo 1:13 (‖ ספדו); sq. חֶרֶב 1 S 25:13^(×3) Dt 1:41; ψ 45:4 ח׳ חרב על יָרֵךְ, so Ju 3:16, 1 S 17:39 (sq. acc. + מֵעַל); c. acc. cogn. ח׳ חגורה 2 K 3:21; abs. 1 K 20:11; pass. Ju 18:11, 16, 17 2 S 20:8 b (where read חֶרֶב Klo Dr—not We), 21:16; read perhaps also חָגוּר for חֲגוֹר 20:8 c, so Klo Dr. 3. intr. gird oneself, sq. בְּ rei Lv 16:4 (P), so לֹא יַח׳ בַיָּ֑זַע they shall not gird themselves with sweat(?) Ez 44:18 (del. 𝔖 Co Sgfr); c. acc. rei (fig.) גִּיל גְּבָעוֹת תַּח׳ ψ 65:13 with rejoicing the hills gird themselves; cf. שְׁאֵרִית חֵמֹת תַּחְ׳ ψ 76:11 with a remnant (residue) of wraths thou girdest thyself, so Hi Hup De VB; but very doubtful; 𝔊 Bö; Ew read תְּחָגֶּ֑ךָ for תַּחגר; Bae Ka omit line as corrupt; cf. further Che and crit. n.—וְיַחְגְּרוּ 2 S 22:46 is textual error for וְיַחְרְגוּ, cf. ‖ ψ 18:46; so Now Hup Kit al.

† חֲגוֹר n.[m.] belt, girdle (distinct from אֵזוֹר waist-cloth, Che ^{Je, in Pulpit Comm. (1883) 333; Jerem, Life and Times (1888) 161} RS^{JQ Jan. 1882, 289 ff.})—חֲגוֹר for sword 2 S 20:8 (yet read prob. חָגוּר, Th We Klo Dr), cf. 1 S 18:4; article of commerce Pr 31:24 (coll.? or of a richly adorned girdle?).

† [חָגוֹר] adj. girt, girded, only pl. cstr.; חֲגוֹרֵי אֵזוֹר Ez 23:15 girded with a waist-cloth.

† חֲגוֹרָה n.f. girdle loin-covering, belt—חֲגוֹרָה Is 3:24; חֲגֹרָה 2 S 18:11 2 K 3:21; sf. חֲגֹרָתוֹ 1 K 2:5; Pl. חֲגֹרֹת Gn 3:7;—girdle, loin-covering Gn 3:7 (J); as article of women’s dress Is 3:24; belt of warrior 1 K 2:5 2 K 3:21 (חֹגֵר ח׳), cf. 2 S 18:11.—On חֲג֖וֹרָה Is 32:11 v. חָגַר 1.

† מַחֲגֹ֫רֶת n.f. a girding, cincture, only cstr.; תַּחַת פְּתִיגִיל מַחֲגֹרֶת שָׂ֑ק Is 3:24 instead of a mantle a girding of sackcloth.

I. חַד Ez 33:30 v. אֶחָד.

II. חַד v. sub חדד.

† חָדַד vb. be sharp, keen (Aramaic חֲדַד; NH חִדֵּד sharpen; Arabic حَدَّ be sharp and sharpen; Assyrian uddudu, sharpen, Dl^{Pr 174}; cf. I. חָדָה)—

Qal Pf. וְחַדּ֫וּ מִזְּאֵבֵי עֶרֶב consec. Hb 1:8 are keener than evening wolves (of impetuous Chaldean horses).

Hiph. הֵחֵד (Che Or Brd) or יַחֵד (Näg cf. Dr^{§ 123 a, R}), ins. Is 44:12 after 𝔊 𝔖: the smith sharpeneth an axe.

Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הוּחַדָּה Ez 21:14, 15, 16 be sharpened (in all, subj. חֶרֶב).

Hithpa. הִתְאַחֲדִי Ez 21:21.

† II. [חַד] adj. sharp—only fs. חַדָּה, of חֶרֶב Ez 5:1; in fig. of tongue ψ 57:5; sim. of mouth Is 49:2; fig. of end of (i.e. final experience with) strange woman ח׳ כְּחֶרֶב פִּיּוֹת Pr 5:4 (‖ מָרָ֯ה כַלַּעֲנָה).—i. חַד v. sub אֶחָד.

חַדָּה v. עֵין חַדָּה.

† [חַדּוּד] adj. sharpened, sharp, pointed, only cstr., with superlat. sense = subst.: תַּחְתָּיו חַדּוּדֵי חָ֑רֶשׁ Jb 41:22 beneath him the sharpest of potsherds, of scales of crocodile, cf. Di VB.

† חֲדַד n.pr.m. (on this and foll. cf. Palm. n.pr. חדודן Vog^{No. 96}, Sab. חדד Hal²⁷);—a son of Ishmael Gn 25:15 (cf. Baer’s n.; van d. H. חֲדַר) 𝔊 Χοδδαν, 𝔊L Χοδδαδ; = 1 Ch 1:30 𝔊 Χονδαν, A Χοδδαδ, 𝔊L Αδαδ.

† חָדִיד n.pr.loc. in Benj., mentioned with לֹד and אוֹנוֹ Ezr 2:33 = Ne 7:37; with these and other places Ne 11:34; prob. = Ἀδιδά 1 Macc 12:38, Ἀδίδοις 13:13; mod. El-Ḥadite c. 3 1/4 miles N. of E. from Lydda, Guérin^{Judée i. 320} (cf. Rob^{BR iii. 143}).

† I. [חָדָה] vb. be or grow sharp;—

Qal grow sharp, Impf. apoc. = juss. יָ֑חַד Pr 27:17a;

Hiph. sharpen (fig.), Impf. apoc. יַ֫חַד Pr 27:17b; בַּרְזֶל בְּבַרְזֶל יָ֑חַד וְאִישׁ יַחַד פְּנֵי־רֵעֵהוּ let iron by means of iron grow sharp, and let a man sharpen the countenance (presence, bearing) of his friend;—so Ki^{Michl. 126 a} De Now Kö^{Lgb i, 373 f.}, cf. Str. (who however makes both forms Hiph.)

† II. [חָדָה] vb. rejoice (Assyrian ḫadû Dl^{Pr 153}; Aramaic ܚܕܳܐ, חֲדָא)—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּ֫חַדְּ Ex 18:9 (E), and Jethro rejoiced over (עַל rei); juss. אַל־יִ֫חַדְּ Jb 3:6 let it not rejoice among (בְּ) the days of the year, i.e. not take its place joyfully among them (fig. of day of Job’s birth).—Klo proposes וְלֹא חָדוּ … בְּ 1 S 6:19 for וַיַּךְ … בְּ cf. also Dr

Pi. Impf. sf. (causat.) תְּחַדֵּהוּ בְשִׂמְחָה ψ 21:7 thou makest him joyful (Che cheerest him) with gladness (‖ תְּשִׁיתֵהוּ בְרָכוֹת).

† חֶדְוָה n.f. (late) joy (Aramaic חדוא).—ח׳ 1 Ch 16:27 (in the sanctuary); חֶדְוַת י׳ Ne 8:10 (‖ אַל־תֵּעָצֵ֑בוּ).

† יַחְדִּיאֵל n.pr.m. (God giveth joy) a chief man in Manasseh 1 Ch 5:24, 𝔊 Ιελιηλ, A 𝔊L Ιεδιηλ.

† יֶחְדְּיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (May י׳ give joy!)

1. a Levite 1 Ch 24:20, 𝔊 Ιεδεια, 𝔊L Ιαδαια.

2. officer of David 1 Ch 27:30 𝔊 Ιαδ(α)ιας.

† חָדַל vb. cease (Sab. חדל be negligent, Sab. Denkm.⁷⁶)—

Qal Pf. חָדַל Gn 18:11 + 4 times; וְחָדַל consec. Nu 9:13 ψ 49:9; 2 ms. וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ Ex 23:5; pl. חָֽדְלוּ Ju 5:6 + 4 times; חָדֵ֑לּוּ (cf. Kö^{i, 243}) Ju 5:7 1 S 2:5; 1 pl. חָדַלְנוּ Je 44:18; Impf. יֶחְדַּל Dt 15:11 + (Jb 10:20 Kt יחדל jussive > Qr וַחֲדָ֑ל Imv.); אֶחְדָּ֑ל Ju 15:7 + 3 times; וְאַחְדְּלָה Jb 16:6; pl. יֶחְדָּ֑לוּ Ez 2:5 + 2 times; יֶחְדָּלוּ֔ן Ex 9:29; וַיַּחְדְּלוּ Gn 11:8 Ex 9:33, נֶחְדָּ֑ל 1 K 22:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. חֲדֹל 1 S 12:23; Imv. חֲדַל Ex 14:12 +, etc.; חִדְלוּ Is 1:16; 2:22; חֲדָ֑לוּ Zc 11:12;— 1. cease, come to an end Ex 9:29, 33, 34 (J), Is 24:8; impers. חָדַל לִהְיוֹת לְשָׂרָה Gn 18:11 (J); cease to be Dt 15:11 (sq. מִן), and poet. Ju 5:6, 7^(×2) 1 S 2:5 Jb 14:7; = be lacking, fail Jb 19:14 Pr 10:19. 2. cease, leave off, sq. inf. c. לְ Gn 11:8 (J), 41:49 (E), Nu 9:13 (P), 1 S 12:23; 23:13 Je 44:18; 51:30 Dt 23:23 ψ 36:4 Pr 19:27 Ru 1:18; inf. alone Is 1:16; so also Ho 8:10, where read וְחָֽדְלוּ for וַיָּחֵלּוּ 𝔊 Che We; sq. inf. c. מִן Ex 23:5 (JE), 1 K 15:21=2 Ch 16:5; sq. subst. c. מִן (cease regarding) Is 2:22 (but Che Du al. treat v. as interpol.; om. 𝔊), 1 S 9:5 Pr 23:4; sq. מֵאלהים 2 Ch 35:21, i.e. leave off provoking God; Ex 14:12 (J), sq. מִמֶּנּו desist from us, let us alone; Jb 7:16; sq. acc. Jb 3:17 ח׳ רֹגֶז; Jb 14:6 have rest (i.e. cease from being troubled, see Di; cf. v 1); no complem. expressed, cease, forbear Ju 15:7; 20:28 Am 7:5 1 K 22:6, 15 = 2 Ch 18:5, 14, Je 40:4; 41:8 Zc 11:12 ψ 49:9 Jb 16:6 2 Ch 25:16 Jb 10:20 (but read here prob. יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי 𝔊 𝔖 Bi Bu Du); specif. of refusal to hear Ez 2:5, 7; 3:11, 27 (all opp. שָׁמַע).

Hoph. Pf. (contracted) c. interrog. part. הֶחֳדַלְתִּי Ju 9:9, 11, 13 should I be made to leave, sq. acc. (cf. Kö^{i, 240 ff.}); but perhaps read הֶחָדַלְתִּי, Qal Pf. Stu Be, cf., for acc. sq., Jb 3:17.

† חָדֵל adj. forbearing, lacking, הֶחָדֵל as subst. Ez 3:27 he that forbeareth (opp. שׁמע, cf. חָדֵל Qal ad fin.); cstr. חֲדַל אִישִׁים Is 53:3 lacking men (i.e. forsaken by them);—ceasing, transient מֶה־חָדֵל אָ֑נִי ψ 39:5, but read rather חֶלֶד, v. Che^{crit. n.}

† [חֶ֫דֶל] n.[m.] cessation, only יוֹשְׁבֵי חָ֑דֶל Is. 38:11 (so Baer) inhabitants of (land of) cessation, i.e. of Sheʾôl; v. Di; but read rather חָ֑לֶד, v. חֶלֶד.

† חַדְלָ֑י n.pr.m. an Ephraimite, 2 Ch 28:12, 𝔊 Χοαδ, A Αδδι, 𝔊L Αδλι.

חדק (√ of foll.; NH חִדֵּק press or thrust in, Aramaic חַדֵּק id. (denom.?)).

† חֵ֫דֶק n.[m.] brier (NH id.; Aramaic חִדְקָא Löw^{p. 147, No. 104}; cf. Arabic حَدَقٌ a kind of nightshare, v. Lane⁵³²);—טוֹבָם כְּחֵדֶק Mi 7:4 the best of them (si vera l.) is like the brier (‖ יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה); דֶּרֶךְ עָצֵל כִּמְשֻׂכַת חָ֑דֶק Pr 15:19 the way of a sluggard is like a brier-hedge.

† חִדֶּ֫קֶל n.pr.fl. Tigris (Sum. Idigna, Assyrian Idiḳlat, Diḳlat, O.-Pers. Tigrâ Spieg^{APK, Gloss.}, etc.), the famous Assyrian river; v. especially Dl^{Pa 110 f. 170 ff.}; ח׳ Gn 2:14; חִדָּ֑קֶל Dn 10:4.

† [חָדַר] vb. surround, enclose (Ph. in deriv.; Arabic خَدَرَ / خَدِرَ ii. conceal, خِدْرٌ curtain concealing a person, chamber, house, or tent as concealing some one; Ethiopic ኀደረ dwell; Ph. is only חדר, חדרת (temple- or sepulchral) chamber (Lzb ²⁷¹ Cooke ¹²⁶); Ez 21:19 is best explained from Syriac ܚܕܰܪ go about, surround, ܚܕܳܪ around. It seems uncertain whether חֶדֶר, Ph. חדר chamber, Arabic خِدْرٌ curtain, chamber, tent, etc., are (ultimately) from this √ (as something surrounding); or (Buhl) from II. חדר = خَدِرَ ii. conceal behind curtain, conceal, confine, iv. conceal oneself, also abide, stay, remain behind (Lane ^{707 f.}), Ethiopic ኀደረ abide, dwell (Dr, privately, Nov. 1905). v. also foll.)—only

Qal Pt. fs. הַחֹדֶ֫רֶת לָהֶם Ez 21:19 that which surroundeth them (of the sword),—so 𝔖 Thes Sm Co Da VB.

† חֶ֫דֶר n.m. 1 Ch 28:11 chamber, room (NH id.; Ph. חדר, חדרת; Sab. חֿדר Mordt^{ZMG, 1876, 24}; Ethiopic ማኅደር ማኅደር is not ‘chamber’, but (from √ ኀደረ dwell) dwelling-place, abode, tent.) abs. חֶדֶר 2 S 13:10 + 11 times; הַחַ֫דְרָה Gn 43:30 1 K 1:15; הֶחָ֑דְרָה Ju 15:1 2 S 13:10; cstr. חֶ֫דֶר Ct 3:4; חֲדַר Ex 7:28 + 5 times; sf. חֶדְרוֹ Jo 2:16; pl. חֲדָרִים Dt 32:25 Pr 24:4; Pr 24:4; cstr. חַדְרֵי Pr 7:27 + 8 times; sf. חֲדָרֶיךָ Is 26:20; חֲדָרָיו Ct 1:4 1 Ch 28:11;—room, chamber, usually private, as bedroom Gn 43:30 (J), Ju 15:1; 16:9, 12 2 S 13:10^(×2) 1 K 1:15 Ct 1:4 Is 26:20; Ju 14:18 read prob. הַחַדְרָה bridal-chamber for הַחַרְסָה Sta^{ZAW 1884, 253}, cf. Jo 2:16 (‖ חֻפָּתָהּ of bride), ח׳ הוֹרָתִי Ct 3:4 (‖ בֵּית אִמִּי); of kings (of Egypt) ψ 105:30; specif.: ח׳ מִשְׁכָּב bed-chamber Ex 7:28 (J), 2 S 4:7 2 K 6:12 Ec 10:20; other combinations:—ח׳ הַמְּקֵרָה Ju 3:24 = cool chamber; ח׳ הַפְּנִימִים 1 Ch 28:11 inner chamber; חדרי מַשְׂבִּיתוֹ Ez 8:12 his chambers of imagery (del. Hi Co Sgfr.); ח׳ בְּח׳ a chamber within a chamber, i.e. an innermost chamber 1 K 20:30; 22:25 = 2 Ch 18:24, 2 K 9:2; pl. = store-rooms Pr 24:4; so ח׳ הַמִּטּוֹת 2 K 11:2 = 2 Ch 22:11, i.e. room where beds were stored (Ke Th); metaph. ח׳ מָ֑וֶת Pr 7:27 (‖ דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֹל); חדרי תֵּמָן Jb 9:9 chambers of south (where constellations are treasured up, v. Di; Hoffm. thinks of n.pr. of star or constell.); cf. Jb 37:9 a chamber whence comes storm-wind (סוּפָה); חַדְרֵי בֶטֶן i.e. inner parts of body, only fig. Pr 18:8 = 26:22, 20:27, 30; in Dt 32:25 מֵחֲדָרִים = within, poet. for מִבַּיִת, ‖ מִחוּץ without.

† חַדְרָ֔ךְ n.pr.terr. only Zc 9:1 אֶרֶץ ח׳ (‖ דַּמֶּשֶׂק); perch. = Assyrian Ḫatarakka, Ḫatari(k)ka, a district near Damascus and Hamath; v. Schr^{COT ad loc.}, Dl^{Pa 279}.

† [חָדַשׁ] vb. only Pi. (and Hithp.) renew, repair (poet. and late) (NH id., Ph. חדש; n. חדש new moon, also in קרתחדשת new-city = Carthage; Aramaic حَدَثَ and חַדֵּשׁ; Arabic ܚܰܕܶܬ be new, Ethiopic ሐደሰ i. 2. renew; Sab. החדתֿ, v. Os (Levy)^{ZMG 1865, 204} Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 30}; Assyrian [adâšu], uddiš, renew, eššu, new, etc. Dl^{W 199 ff.})—

Pi. Pf. וְחִדְּשׁוּ consec. Is 61:4; Impf. וַיְחַדֵּשׁ 2 Ch 15:8; 2 ms. תְּחַדֵּשׁ Jb 10:17 ψ 104:30; וּנְחַדֵּשׁ 1 S 11:14; Imv. חַדֵּשׁ ψ 51:12 La 5:21; Inf. לְחַדֵּשׁ 2 Ch 24:4, 12;— 1. renew, make anew הַמְּלוּכָה 1 S 11:14 (editorial); פני אדמה ψ 104:30, רוּחַ 51:12 (‖ בּרא); = bring back יָמֵינוּ כְּקֶדֶם La 5:21; ח׳ עדיך Jb 10:17 i.e. bringest fresh (new) witnesses. 2. repair, cities Is 61:4, temple 2 Ch 24:4, 12, altar 2 Ch 15:8.

Hithp. Impf. 3 fs. תִּתְחַדֵּשׁ c. pl. subj. ת׳ כַּנֶּשֶׁר נְעוּרָ֑יְכִי ψ 103:5 thy youth reneweth itself, like the eagle.

† חָדָשׁ adj. new(on format. v. Lg^{BN 48})—ח׳ abs. Ex 1:8 + 19 times; f. חֲדָשָׁה Lv 23:16 + 19 times; pl. חֲדָשִׁים Dt 32:17 + 10 times; f. חֲדָשׁוֹת Is 42:9; 48:6;—new, usually

a. attrib. Ex 1:8 (E) a new king; so of house Dt 20:5, 22, wife 24:5, cords Ju 15:13; 16:11, 12, cart 1 S 6:7 2 S 6:3^(×2) (but del. in v b, cf. We Dr)=1 Ch; 13:7; garment 1 K 11:29, 30, vessel 2 K 2:20, wine-skins Jos 9:13 (JE) Jb 32:19, threshing instr. Is 41:15; meal-offering Lv 23:16 (H) Nu 28:26 (P); especially (poet.) שִׁיר ח׳ a new song (of praise) ψ 33:3; 40:4; 96:1; 98:1; 144:9 149:1 Is 42:10; בְּרִית ח׳ Je 31:31; שָׁמַיִם חדשׁים וארץ חדשׁה Is 65:17 cf. 65:17 cf. 66:22; שֵׁם ח׳ Is 62:2; רוּחַ ח׳ a new spirit Ez 11:19; 18:31; 36:26, + לֵב ח׳ 18:31; 36:26; פֶּתַח שַׁעַר־י׳ הֶח׳ Je 26:10 new gate of (house of) י׳, cf. 36:10 (v. Gf Je 20:2); also הֶחָצֵר הַח׳ 2 Ch 20:5 the new court (v. Be Öt); אלהים חדשׁים Ju 5:8 new gods? judges? text prob. corrupt, cf. Nö^{ZMG 1888, 477}, Müll^{Königsb. Stud. i.}, GACooke^{Deb. 34 ff.} and conj. by Bu^{RS, 103}, RS in Bla^Judges; in gen. אֵין כָּל־ח׳ Ec 1:9 there is nothing new; with no subst. expr. חָגוּר חֲדָשָׁה 2 S 21:16 girt with a new (sword: but text perhaps corrupt, cf. We Klo Dr), of (food-)products of earth (opp. יָשָׁן) Lv 26:10 (H) Ct 7:14; חֲדָשִׁים Dt 32:17 new ones (i.e. gods; ‖ מִקָּרֹב בָּאוּ); in gen. f. חֲדָשָׁה a new thing Is 43:19 Je 31:22, fpl. Is 42:9 (opp. הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת), 48:6.

b. very rarely predicate: of י׳’s compassions חדשׁים לַבְּקָרִם La 3:23 they are new every morning; כְּבוֹדִי ח׳ עִמָּדִי Jb 29:20 my glory shall be fresh with me; רְאֵה זֶה ח׳ הוּא Ec 1:10 see, this is new!

I. חֹ֫דֶשׁ₂₈₂ n.m. Gn 7:11 (f. MT 38:24 but m. Sam Di) (newness), new moon, month (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 144}; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arnolt^{JBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.})—ח׳ abs. Gn 7:11 +; cstr. (rare) Gn 29:14 +; sf. חָדְשׁוֹ Nu 28:14 + 2 times; חָדְשָׁהּ Ho 2:13 Je 2:24; pl. חֳדָשִׁים Gn 38:24 +; cstr. חָדְשֵׁי Ex 12:2 + 2 times; sf. חֳדָשָׁיו Jb 14:5 + 2 times; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Is 1:14 Nu 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם Nu 10:10;—

†1. new moon=day, time, of new moon, as religious festival 1 S 20:5, 18, 24, 27, 34 (Dr); cf. יֹאכְלֵם ח׳ Ho 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hi St VB, but on text v. We; usually ‖ שַׁבָּת Am 8:5 2 K 4:23 Is 1:13 (+קְרֹא מִקְרָא), מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ 66:23, Ez 46:1, 6 (both יוֹם הַח׳), 1 Ch 23:31 2 Ch 2:3; 8:13; 31:3 Ne 10:34 (all + מוֹעֵד), Ho 2:13 Ez 45:17 (both + חג, מועד); ‖ מוֹעֵד alone Is 1:14 Ez 3:5; ‖ יוֹם חַגֵּנוּ ψ 81:4; (cf. רֹאשׁ הַח׳ Nu 10:10; 28:11; on religious observance of new moon cf. Di Lv p. 578 f Benz^Archäol. ^{§ 69}); as time of augury in Babylon (astrolog. prognost.) Is 47:13.

†2. month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; cf. Benz^Archäol. ^{§ 30}, but then, without ref. to day of beginning): †a. as measure of time during which Gn 38:24 (J), Nu 11:20, 21 (JE), 9:22 (P), Ju 11:37, 38, 39; 20:47 1 S 6:1; 27:7 2 S 2:11; 5:5; 6:11; 24:8, 13 = 1 Ch 21:12, Am 4:7 1 K 4:7; 5:7, 28^(×3); 11:16 2 K 15:8; 23:31; 24:8 Ez 39:12, 14 1 Ch 3:4; 13:14 2 Ch 36:2, 9 Est 2:12^(×3). In 1 S 10:27 b read prob. כְּמֵחֹרֶשׁ for MT כמחרישׁ, and join to 11:1, so 𝔊 We Dr (cf. Gn 38:24); in combinatios, ח׳ יָמִים a month (of) time (cf. יֶרַח ימים Dt 21:1 2 K 15:23) Gn 29:14 (J), Nu 11:20, 26 (JE), ימים ארבעה ח׳ Ju 19:2; of age מִסְפַּר־ח׳ number of his months=length of his life Jb 14:5; 21:21; cf. especially בֶּן־ח׳ Lv 27:6 Nu 3:15, 22, 28, 34, 39, 40, 43; 18:16; 26:62 (all P). †b. calendar months, †(1) with names ח׳ הָאָבִיב Ex 13:4; 23:15; 34:18^(×2) (all JE; = 1st mo. 12:2 P), Dt 16:11; ח׳ זִו 1 K 6:1 (=2nd mo. ib.;=יֶרַח זִו v 37); cf. 8:2 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁבִיעִי = יֶרַח הָאֵתָנִים), 6:38 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁמִינִי = יֶרַח בּוּל); in the postex. books occur Babyl. names (v. the several words):—ח׳ נִיסָן Ne 2:1 Est 3:7 (= 1st mo. Est 3:7); ח׳ סִיוָן Est 8:9=3rd mo.; ח׳ כִּסְלֵו Zc 7:1 Ne 1:1 (=9th mo. Zc 7:1); ח׳ טֵבֵ֑ת Est 2:16=10th mo.; ח׳ שְׁבָט Zc 1:7=11th mo.; ח׳ אֲדָר Est 3:7, 13; 8:12; 9:1 in all=12th mo., 9:15, 17, 19, 21; (cf. also אֱלוּל Ne 6:15, without ח׳ or יֶרַח; this was 6th mo.; v. further Schr^COT Ne 1:1 Benz^l.c.).† (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. בַּח׳ הַשֵּׁנִי Gn 7:11, cf. 8:4, 5, 14 Lv 16:29 Nu 1:1, 18 (all P) + often P; Dt 1:3 (P), 1 K 12:32, 33; 2 K 25:1, 3, 8, 25, 27 Je 1:3 + 11 times Je, Ez 24:1; 32:1 Hg 1:1, 15 Zc 1:1; 7:1, 3; 1 Ch 12:15, cf. entire list 27:2–15 2 Ch 3:2 + 12 times 2 Ch; Ezr 3:1 + 10 times Ezr; Ne 7:72; 8:2, 14 Est 3:12; note especially הַח׳ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חָדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם Ex 12:2 (P), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ח׳, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֹן = בַּח׳ הָר׳ Gn 8:13, cf. v 5; so commonly in Ezek.:—Ez 1:1; 8:1; 20:1; 29:1, 17; 30:20; 31:1; 33:21; 45:18, 21, 25 + 26:1; 32:17; 45:20 Co(ח׳ sometimes expr., v. Ez 24:1; 32:1 supr.; on like usage with יום v. יום). (3) special phrases and usages are:— †עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה Nu 28:14 (P; cf. יום, and Is 66:23 supr. 1); מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ Est 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ Je 2:24 of wild she-ass’s mating time.†

† II. חֹ֫דֶשׁ n.pr.f. a wife of Shaharaim of Benj. 1 Ch 8:9, 𝔊 Ἁδα, 𝔊L Βαδαα (so v 8 = בַּעֲרָה).

† חֲדָשָׁה n.pr.loc. town in Judah Jos 15:37 (site unknown, cf. Di).

† חָדְשִׁי in n.pr.loc. אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּים ח׳ 2 S 24:6, read א׳ הַחִתִּים קֵדְשָׁה v. Hi^{Gesch. Isr. i. 29}, 𝔊L εἰς γῆν Χεττιειμ Καδης; cf. Dr^{ad loc.} and (in part) Klo; v. also קֵדֶשׁ.

† [חוּב] vb. be guilty (NH id., be under obligation, guilty; Aramaic ܚܳܒ, חוּב, be defeated, quilty; Arabic خَابَ be disappointed, fail;—Arabic حُوبٌ, حَوْبٌ sin, is loan-wd. according to Bev Dn 1:10);—

Qal not in MT; but read perhaps חַבְתִּי (for סַבֹּתִי) 1 S 22:22 I am guilty, so 𝔖 Th We Dr.

Pi. Pf. inculpate וְחִיַּבְתֶּם את־רֹאשִׁי לַמֶּ֑לֶךְ consec. Dn 1:10 and inculpate my head with the king.

† חוֹב n.[m.] debt (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܰܘܒܳܐ, חוֹבָא);—חֲבֹלָתוֹ ח׳ יָשִׁיב Ez 18:7 his pledge as to indebtedness he restores, v. Hi-Sm Ew^{§ 291 b} Ges^{§ 131 R 5, b} Kö^{Lgb. i. 497 f.} and cf. Dr^{§ 193} (but constr. hard: Co שׁוֹב; dittogr. from חבל׳ Bev Dn 1:10, cf. v 12, 16).

† חוֹבָה n.pr.loc. Gn 14:15, north of Damascus; mod. Ḫoba, 20 hours N. of Dam., according to Wetzst ^{Del Gn. ed. 4, 561 ff.} so Di.

† [חוּג] vb. draw round, make circle (Aramaic ܚܳܓ circumivit; n. ܚܽܘܓܬܳܐ, חוּגְתָּא, circle, vault of heavens)

Qal Pf. חֹק חָג על־פני מים Jb 26:10 (cf. Pr 8:27), hath drawn as circle bound, of horizon-line.

† חוּג n.[m.] vault, horizon; of the heavens, sea and earth חוּג שׁמים התהלך Jb 22:14; בְּחֻקֿוֹ חוּג על־פני תהום Pr 8:27 (cf. חקק on p. 349a); היֹשֵׁב עַל־חוּג הארץ Is 40:22.

† מְחוּגָה n.f. circle-instrument, compass, used by carvers of idols וּבַמְּחוּגָה יְתָֽאֳרֵ֑הוּ Is 44:13.

I. חוד (√ of foll.; Arabic حَادَ is decline, turn aside, avoid, hence perhaps riddle, as indirect, obscure).

† חִידָה n.f. riddle, enigmatic, perplexing saying or question;—abs. ח׳ Ju 14:12 + 6 times; sf. חִידָתִי Ju 14:18 ψ 49:5; חִידָֽתְךָ Ju 14:13; pl. abs. חִידוֹת 1 K 10:1 + 4 times; חִידֹת Nu 12:8; sf. חִידֹתָם Pr 1:6;—

1. riddle = dark, obscure utterance Nu 12:8 (JE; opp. פֶּה־אֶל־פֶּה and מַרְאֶה); of something put indirectly and needing interpretation;—an allegory חוד ח׳ Ez 17:2 (‖ מְשֹׁל מָשָׁל); allegor. and fig. sayings Pr 1:6 (‖ מְלִיצָה מָשָׁל and דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים); enigmat. sentences and comparisons, declaring fate of Chaldeans Hb 2:6 (+ מְלִיצָה; ‖ מָשָׁל), perplexing moral problem ψ 49:5 (c. פָּתַח open, propound; ‖ מָשָׁל), a lesson taught indirectly ψ 78:2 (ח׳ מִנִּי קֶדֶם, c. הִבִּיעַ; ‖ מָשָׁל).

2. riddle, enigma, to be guessed, in Ju 14: a. with vb. חוּד Ju 14:12, 13, 16 propound a riddle. b. with vb. הִגִּיד tell (give answer to) a riddle Ju 14:14, 15, 17, 19. c. with vb. מצא find out a riddle Ju 14:18.

3. perplexing questions by which queen of Sheba put Sol. to the test (נִסָּה) 1 K 10:1 = 2 Ch 9:1.

4. with הֵבִין skilled in double-dealing Dn 8:23 (Bev).

† II. [חוּד] vb.denom. propound a riddle;—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. חַדְתָּה Ju 14:16; Impf. אָח֫וּדָה Ju 14:12; Imv. (חִידָה וּמְשֹׁל מָשָׁל) חוּד Ez 17:2; חוּ֫דָה Ju 14:13; always c. חידה acc. cogn.

I. חוה (Ph. חוא live = Heb. חָיָה q.v.)

† I. חַוָּה n.pr.f. (life, vid. Di Gn 3:20; > We^{Prol. 1886, 322; Skizzen iii. 217} after Nö who suggests serpent as poss. meaning, cf. Arabic حَيَّةٌ; but RS^{K 177} ‘mother of every ḥayy,’ v. ii. חַי sub חיה)—Gn 3:20 and the man called his wife חַוָּ֑ה, because she was אֵם כָּל־חָֽי׃; cf. ח׳ אִשְׁתּוֹ 4:1 (both J).—ii. חַוָּה village, v. infr. sub ii.חוה.

† יחואל n.pr.m. 2 Ch 29:14 Kt; Qr יְחִיאֵל q.v. sub חיה.

II. חוה (√ of foll.; Arabic حَوَى, collect, gather; حِوَاءٌ circle of tents cf. ii. חַי sub חיה, Arabic حَىٌّ ).

† II. [חַוָּה] n.f. tent-village—Pl. חַוֹּתֵיהֶם Nu 32:41 (JE), cf. Di. Elsewhere in cpd. appellative, almost = n.pr. חַוֹּת יָאִיר Dt 3:14 Jos 13:30 (D), Ju 10:4 1 K 4:13 1 Ch 2:23.—i. חַוָּה n.pr.f. v. supr.

† חִוִּי adj. gent. (= villagers?)—

1. שְׁכֶם בֶּן־חֲמוֹר הַח׳ Gn 34:2 (P), cf. צִבְעוֹן הַח׳ 36:2 (but read rather הַחֹרִי Ol Di cf. 𝔊 Jos 9:7).

2. c. art. as n.pr.coll. הַחִוִּי the Hivvites ‘begotten’ by Canaan Gn 10:17 = 1 Ch 1:15; especially in list of Canaanit. peoples displaced by Hebrews Ex 3:8, 17; 13:5; 23:23, 28; 33:2; 34:11 Dt 7:1; 20:17 Jos 3:10; 9:1; 12:8; 24:11 (all JED), Ju 3:5 1 K 9:20 = 2 Ch 8:7; cf. עָרֵי הַח׳ וְהַכְּנַעֲנִי 2 S 24:7 (note מִבְצַר־צֹר, צִידוֹן, just preceding); applied specif. to Gibeonites Jos 9:7 (JE), 11:19 (D).—In Jos 11:3 Ju 3:3 read prob. הַחִתִּי for הַחִוִּי We Mey Bu^{Urg. 350} v. (partly) 𝔊, Dr on Dt 7:1.

† מַחֲוִים appar. adj. gent., only אֱלִיאֵל הַמּ׳ 1 Ch 11:46, but read prob. הַמַּחֲנִי (Be), v. מַחֲנַיִם n.pr.loc. sub חנה; Öt suggests also הַמְּעוֹנִי; 𝔊 ὁ Μιει, A ὁ Μαωειν, 𝔊L ὁ Μαωθε.

† III. [חָוָה] vb. only Pi. (poet. & late), tell, declare (Aramaic ܚܰܘܺܝ, חַוֵּי)—

Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְחַוֶּה־ ψ 19:3; 1 s. אֲחַוֶּה Jb 32:10, 17; sf. אֲחַוְךָ Jb 15:17, אֲחַוֶּךָּ Jb 36:2; Inf. cstr. חַוֹּת;—declare, make known, c. acc. דָּ֑עַת ψ 19:3 (subj. לַיְלָה, sq. לְלַיְלָה; ‖ יַבִּיעַ אֹמֶר); c. acc. דֵּעִי Jb 32:10, 17; c. 2 acc. וָאִירָא מֵחַוֹּת דֵּעִי אֶתְכֶם 32:6, sq. sf. pers. + obj. cl., וַאֲחַוֶּ֑ךָּ כִּי־עוֹד לֶאֱלוֹהַּ מִלִּֽים׃ 36:2 and I will shew thee that (there are) yet words for God; sq. sf. pers. only Jb 15:17;—read prob. also וַאֲחַוֶּה for וַאֲקַוֶּה ψ 52:11 Hi Che al.

† [אַחְוָה] n.f. declaration (in form, an Aramaic Aphel Inf.)—only sf. וְאַחְוָתִי בְּאָזְנֵיכֶֽם׃ Jb 13:17 (in ‖ line שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמוֹעַ מִלָּתִ֑י).

חוֹזָ֑י 2 Ch 33:19 v. sub חזה.

חוח (√ of foll., meaning dubious).

† חוֹחַ n.m. ^{2 K 14:9} 1. brier, bramble. 2. hook, ring, fetter;—ח׳ abs. Ho 9:6 + 8 times; pl. חֲוָחִים 1 S 13:6 (but v. infr.), חוֹחִים Ct 2:2; חֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11;—

1. a. brier, bramble 2 K 14:9^(×2) = 2 Ch 25:18^(×2) (allegory of Jehoash); coll., sign of desolation Ho 9:6 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ), Is 34:13 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ, סִירִים), Jb 31:40 (opp. חִטִּים); in sim. of fool’s parable ח׳ עָלָה בְּיַד־שִׁכּוֹר Pr 26:9 a brier cometh into the hand of a drunken man (De Now Str); כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Ct 2:2; briers = thickets as hiding-places 1 S 13:6 (but Ew We Dr חוֹרִים holes, cf. 14:11; v. sub iii. חרר; ‖ מְעָרוֹת, סְלָעִים, צְרִחִים, בֹּרוֹת; 𝔊 here ἐν τ. μάνδραις; 14:11 ἐκ τ. τρωγλῶν).

2. late, a. hook or ring, in jaw of crocodile c. תִּקֹּב Jb 40:26 (‖ הֲתָשִׂים אַגְמֹן בְּאַפּוֹ); of captive וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה בַּחֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11 (cf. חַח).

† חַח n.m. hook, ring, fetter;—חַח abs. Ex 35:22; sf. חַחִי Is 37:29 2 K 19:28; pl. חַחִים Ez 19:4 + 2 times + Ez 29:4 Qr (Kt erron. חחיים, v. infr.);—

1. hook, ring, in nose of captive וְשַׂמְתִּי חַחִי בְּאַפֶּ֑ךָ Is 37:29 = 2 K 19:28 (cf. בַּחֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11, v. חוֹחַ supr.); so of princes of Judah, under fig. of young lions Ez 19:4, 9 (in v 9 transp., so that בחחים foll. הביא as v 4; so Co); in jaws of crocodile (metaph. of Pharaoh), c. נתן Ez 29:4, cf. 38:4 (but 𝔊 om. and sense opposes, cf. Co and—dub.—Da).

2. hook, ring as ornament, perhaps nose-ring (others brooch, see VB), Ex 35:22 (P; ‖ נֶזֶם, טַבַּעַת, כּוּמָז).

חוט (of foll.; Arabic خَاط, Aramaic ܚܳܛ, חַיֵּט sew).

† חוּט n.m. ^{Jos 2:18} thread, cord, line (NH id.; Arabic خَيْطٌ, Aramaic ܚܽܘܛܳܐ, חוּטָא)—ח׳ abs. Gn 14:23 + 2 times; cstr. Jos 2:18 + 3 times;—

1. thread, as easily broken Ju 16:12 (sim.); as composing a rope or cord; תִּקְוַת ח׳ הַשָּׁנִי הַזֶּה Jos 2:18 (JE) this cord of scarlet thread (lit. the cord of this thread of scarlet); prob. also מִחוּט וְעַד שְׂרוֹךְ נַעַל Gn 14:23 from a thread to a sandal-thong; in sim. כְּח׳ הַשָּׁנִי Ct 4:3 like a thread of scarlet are thy lips.

2. cord, הַח׳ הַמְּשֻׁלָּשׁ Ec 4:12 a three-fold cord.

3. line, as measure of length 1 K 7:15 and a line of twelve cubits surrounded (i.e. would surround) it (cf. קָו v 23), so Je 52:21.

חִוִּי v. sub ii. חוה.

† חֲוִילָה n.pr.terr. (√ dub. Dl^{Pa 12} suggests חוֹל sand-land, dunes, as Heb. popular etym., MV¹¹ give it as actual etym.; Sta^{ThLZ Apr. 28, 1894, 235} compares this, as well as חוֹל sand, with Arabic وَحَلٌ soft mud, [damp sand])—אֶרֶץ הַחֲוִילָה Gn 2:11 (surrounded or bordered—סבב—by river Pishon; noted for excellent gold, bdellium and shoham-stone); elsewhere without art. חֲוִילָה 10:7 = 1 Ch 1:9 as a ‘son’ of Cush (between סְבָא and סַבְתָּה); but also as a ‘son’ of יָקְטָן, a descendant of Shem Gn 10:29 = 1 Ch 1:23 (between אוֹפִיר and יוֹבָב); מֵח׳ עַד־שׁוּר Gn 25:18 said of limits of Ishmaelitish territory; cf. same limits of Amalek 1 S 15:7 (but dub.; We reads טֵילָם, cf. v 4 and vid. Dr; Glaser^{Skizze ii, 326} reads חֲכִילָה as 23:19; 26:1, 3).—Most have supposed several regions named ח׳ to be indicated in these passages:—e.g. Thes 1. Arabian shore of Pers. Gulf Gn 10:29 etc. 2. Ethiopian coast Gn 10:7 etc. 3. India Gn 2:11 (regarded as indef. extension of 1). Di Gn 10:7 distinguishes 1 and 2 either as quite distinct, or as different settlements of one great people, and (on Gn 2:14) thinks that כל ארץ ח׳ Gn 2:11 implies vague extension eastward. Dl^{Pa 12 ff. 57 ff.} identif. ח׳ in all passages with NE. part of Syrian desert, so E. Meyer^{Gesch. Alterth. i. 224}; Glaser^{Skizze ii. 323 ff.} with central and NE. Arabia. The question is still undecided.

† I. חוּל [חִיל] vb. whirl, dance, writhe (NH, Aramaic id., dance; Arabic حَاَل change, turn; Assyrian ḫîlu, writhe in fear Dl^{Pr 191} (on ḫ = ح v. DHM^{ZK i. 357}); on form of Heb. vb. v. Nö^{ZMG, 1883, 536})—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫לָה Mi 1:12 + 2 times; וְחָלָה֫ consec. Ho 11:6; חַלְתִּי Is 23:4; חָ֫לוּ Je 5:3 (but v. infr.), La 4:6; וְחָלוּ֫ Dt 2:25; חַ֫לְנוּ Is 26:18; Impf. יָחוּל Je 23:19; 30:23; 3 fs. תָּחוּל Ez 30:16 Qr (Kt Co תחיל); וַתָּחֹ֑ל Je 51:29; אחולה Je 4:19 Kt (Qr אוֹחִילָה, Hiph. יחל); יָחֻ֫לוּ 2 S 3:29; but also יָחִיל ψ 55:5 (Jb 20:21 v. ii. חול); וַיָּ֫חֶל 1 S 31:3 = 1 Ch 10:3 + Gn 8:10 (where read prob. וַיִּיָּ֫חֶל as v 12; = וַיְיַחֵל Ol Di); 3 fs. תָּחִיל Is 26:17 + 2 times + Ez 30:16 Kt (cf. supr.); וַתָּ֑חֶל ψ 97:4; 2 fs. תְּחִלִין Is 45:10; יָחִילוּ ψ 77:17 = 3 times (ψ 10:5 v. ii. חול); וַיָּחִ֫ילוּ Ju 3:25; וַחִילוּן Is 13:8; תָּחִ֫ילוּ Je 5:22; Imv. fs. חוּ֫לִי Mi 4:10 ψ 114:7; mpl. חִילוּ ψ 96:9 1 Ch 16:30; Inf. cstr. (לָ)חוּל Ju 21:21 Ez 30:16 (= Inf. abs.); Pt. fs. חוֹלָה Je 4:31 vid. Gf Gie and Ges^{§ 72 R.1.};— 1. dance Ju 21:21 (לָחוּל בַּמְּחֹלוֹת ψ 96:9). 2. twist, writhe: a. in pain, especially childbirth Is 26:17; 45:10 מַה־תח׳ (‖ מה־תוליד); metaph., of sea Is 23:4 (‖ ילד); Israel 26:18 (‖ הרה), 54:1 (‖ ילד); Zion 66:7, 8 (‖ id.), Mi 4:10 (‖ גֹּ֫חִי, sim. כיולדה; cf. v. 9), Je 4:31. b. fig., be in severe pain, or anguish (mostly poet. and elevated prose), sq. מפני Dt 2:25 (‖ רגז, cf. also פַּחַד and יִרְאָה v a); Ez 30:16 Je 5:22 (‖ ירא); sq. מִלִּפְנֵי 1 Ch 16:30 ψ 114:7; abs. ψ 55:5 (‖ אימות מָוֶת נפלו עלי), Je 4:19 Kt, ψ 77:17 (‖ רגז) 97:4 Is 13:8; 23:5 Je 51:29 (‖ רָעַשׁ), Jo 2:6 Zc 9:5 (‖ ירֵא), prob. also 1 S 31:3 (cf. 28:5) = 1 Ch 10:3, cf. Öt; fig. of mts. Hb 3:10. c. in contrition Je 5:3, חָ֫לוּ der. from חול Ew Gf Gie; < 𝔖 Ra Hi Ke al. from חלה (wrongly accented; vid. חלה Qal 2). d. in anxious longing עַד בּוֹשׁ Ju 3:25, sq. לְ Mi 1:12 (on Gn 8:10, cf. supr.) 3. whirl, whirl about עַל־רֹאשׁ יוֹאָב (i.e. blood—דמים—of Abner, from sword) 2 S 3:29; of attach of sword itself Ho 11:6 (‖ כִּלָּה, אכל), cf. La 4:6 לא חָ֫לוּ בה ידים; of tempest על ראשׁ רשׁעים יחול Je 23:19 (v a סער מִתְחוֹלֵל) = 30:23 (v a סַעַר מִתְגּוֹרֵר).

Poʿlel. Impf. יְחוֹלֵל ψ 29:9; 3 fs. תְּחוֹלֵל Pr 25:23; sf. תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶם Is 51:2; 2 ms. תְּחוֹלֵל Jb 35:14; וַתְּחוֹלֵל ψ 90:2; Inf. cstr. חֹלֵל Jb 39:1; Pt. מְחוֹלֵל Pr 26:10; מְחֹלֶלְךָ Dt 32:18; מְחֹלְלוֹת Ju 21:23;—1 S 18:6 ψ 87:7 v infr.; on Is 51:9 and Jb 26:13 v. I. חלל;— 1. dance Ju 21:23, so perhaps also 1 S 18:6 (read חַמְּחֹלְלוֹת 𝔊 We Dr; and חֹלֲלִים pt. (מ om.) ψ 87:7 RV Pe De Che Bae; cf. Qal 1). 2. writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poet.), of Sarah, mother of Isr., Is 51:2 (‖ אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם); of hinds Jb 39:1 ψ 29:9 (caus.); fig. of י׳’s producing earth ψ 90:2 (‖ יֻלָּד֑וּ); of his bringing forth Isr. (with difficulty, v. Di) Dt 32:18; of north wind bringing forth rain Pr 25:23; רַב מְחוֹלֵל כֹּ֑ל 26:10 a master produceth everything (on trans. see VB; Ew. al. derive from חלל wound). 3. wait anxiously (cf. Qal 2 d), sq. לְ Jb 35:14 (Elihu).

Poʿlal. Pf. חוֹלָ֑לתִּי ψ 51:7 + 2 times; חוֹלָ֑לְתָּ Jb 15:7; Impf. יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ Jb 26:5;— 1. be made to writhe Jb 26:5 (הָֽרְפָאִים). 2. be brought forth Jb 15:7 (‖ תִּוָּלֵד), ψ 51:7 (‖ יחם), metaph. of wisdom Pr 8:24, 25.

Hiph. Impf. יָחִיל ψ 29:8^(×2) cause to be in anguish, c. acc. מִדְבָּר, subj. י׳. Hoph. Impf. יוּחַל Is 66:8 be born (= travailed with, Che), subj. אֶרֶץ (‖ יִוָּלֵד גוי).

Hithpol. 1. Pt. מִתְחוֹלֵל whirling סַעַר מתח׳ Je 23:19 (= סער מִתְגּוֹרֵר 30:23). 2. writhing, suffering torture Jb 15:20 (of life of wicked). 3. Imv. הִתְחוֹלֵל ψ 37:7 wait longingly sq. לְ for, ‖ דּוֹם.

Hithpalp. Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְחַלְחַל Est 4:4 and she writhed in anxiety.

† חוֹל n.m. ^{Ho 2:1} sand (perhaps as turning or whirling; otherwise explained by Sta, vid. sub חֲוִילָה; NH id., Aramaic חָלָא, ܚܳܠܴܐ )—ח׳ abs. Gn 22:17 + 15 times; cstr. Gn 32:13 + 6times;—sand Ex 2:12 (E); set as bound for sea Je 5:22; שְׂפֻנֵי טמוני ח׳ Dt 33:19 hidden treasures of sand, poet. for glass (regarded as mysteriously produced out of sand, v. Di and reff.);

a. usually sand of seashore, sim. of numberlessness, vastness, so of Abraham’s seed Gn 22:17 (J; cf. 15:5); Jacob’s 32:13 (E); of a host Jos 11:4 (JE), Ju 7:12 1 S 13:5 2 S 17:11; a people 1 K 4:20 Ho 2:1 Is 10:22; 48:19 (‖ וְצֶאֱצָאֵי מֵעֶיךָ בִּמְעֹתָ֑יו), Je 33:22 Hb 1:9; of corn gathered by Joseph Gn 41:49; of days of Job Jb 29:18 (on interpr. = phœnix, vid. Di); of birds עוף כנף (i.e. quails) ψ 78:27 (‖ כֶּעָפָר); of vast extent of Sol.’s wisdom 1 K 5:9.

b. in comp., more than the sand Je 15:8 (widows of Judah); thoughts of God ψ 139:18.

c. of weight (in balances), metaph. of Job’s vexation (כַּעַשׂ) Jb 6:3 heavier than the sand, cf. וְנֵטֶל הַחוֹל Pr 27:3 (‖ כֹּבֶד אֶבֶן), said of כַּעַס אֱוִיל.—Combinations are: כח׳ אשׁר על שׂפת הים Gn 22:17 Jos 11:4 1 S 13:5 1 K 5:9; כח׳ הַיָּם Gn 32:13; 41:49 Is 10:22 Ho 2:1 (+ אשׁר לא יִמַּד ולא יִסָּפֵר); ח׳ הַיָּם Je 33:22; כח׳ שֶׁעַל־שׂפת הים לרב Ju 7:12; כח׳ אשׁר־על־הים לרב 2 S 17:11 1 K 4:20; (ם)חול יַמִּים Jb 6:3 ψ 78:27 Je 15:8.

† חִיל n.m. ^{Ex 15:14} a writhing, anguish;—ח׳ abs. Ex 15:14 + 5 times—

1. writhing (contortions of fear) Ex 15:14 (‖ vb. רָגַז).

2. anguish, always in sim. כַּיּוֹלֵדָה ψ 48:7 (allied kings against Jerus.); Zion, before Assyrians Mi 4:9; before Scythians or Chaldeans Je 6:24 (‖ צָרָה), = 50:43 (of king of Babylon; ‖ צָרָה); 22:23 (‖ חבלים q.v.)

† חִילָה n.f. anguish, Jb 6:10.

† חֵל, חֵיל n.m. ^{Ob 20} rampart, fortress (perhaps orig. surrounding wall, cf. Sab. Denkm ^{91 n.2})—abs. חֵיל Na 3:8, חֵל La 2:8 + 3 times (+ ψ 10:10 Qr v. חלכה); cstr. חֵל 1 K 21:23; sf. חֵילֵךְ ψ 122:7, חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4; חֵילָה = חֵילָהּ ψ 48:11, Ol^{§ 40 c. 75 g. 96 e} Sta^{§ 347 c};—

1. rampart (defined by Jews as בֶּן חוֹמָה, i.e. a little wall, cf. Ki s.v.), of an outer fortification 2 S 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer and inner fortif., incl. moat, v. Dr Kit); Is 26:1 La 2:8 (both ‖ חוֹמוֹת); in gen. of defences, or sea-power of Tyre וְהִכָּה בַיָּם חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4 (v. Sta^{ZAW i. 1881, 15}), of No-Amon (Thebes) אֲשֶׁר חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ Na 3:8; of Zion ψ 122:7, also 48:14 (חילה = חֵילָהּ, cf. supr.; both ‖ ארמנותיך).—For חֵל 1 K 21:23 read prob. חֵלֶק, q.v.

2. fortress גָּלֻת הַחֵל הַזֶּה Ob 20 the exiles of this fortress (Hi-St; Or AVRV this army, חֵל = חַיִל).

† חֵילָה ψ 48:14, v. חֵל supr.

† חֵילָם n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan 2 S 10:16 (Th their army, but 𝔊 𝔖 I Ew^{Gesch. iii. 211 Anm. 1 = H iii. 155 n.2} We Dr) = חֵלָ֑א‌֯מָה v 17 (𝔊 Αιλαμ); + חילם Ez 47:16 (𝔊 Ηλιαμ) Co; according to this it lay on the border between Damascus and Hamath.

† חִילֵן n.pr.loc. in Judah 1 Ch 6:43 = חֹלֹן 2.

† חֹלוֹן, חֹלֹן n.pr.loc.

1. in Moab חֹלוֹן Je 48:21 (𝔊 Χελων, Χαιλων.

2. in Judah חֹלֹן Jos 15:51 (𝔊 Χαλου, 𝔊L Χειλου); priestly city 21:15 (𝔊 Γελλα, 𝔊L Ιλων) = חִילֵן 1 Ch 6:43 (𝔊L Χελων).

† חֵלֹן n.pr.m. a man of Zebulon Nu 1:9; 2:7; 7:24, 29; 10:16 (𝔊 Χαιλων, 𝔊L Χελων).

† חַלְחָלָה n.f. anguish, מָֽלְאוּ מָתְנַי ח׳ Is 21:3, ח׳ בכל מתנים Na 2:11; Ez 30:4, 9 (‖ החריד).

† I. מָחוֹל n.m. La 5:15 dance;—abs. מ׳ ψ 30:12 + 3 times; cstr. מְחוֹל Je 31:4; מְחוֹלֵנוּ La 5:15;—dance, token of joyousness ψ 30:12 (opp. מספד), Je 31:4, 13 (cf. v b), La 5:15 (opp. אֵבֶל); act of praise to י׳ ψ 149:3; 150:4; accompanied by timbrel (תֹּף) and sometimes other instruments ψ 149:3, 4 Je 31:13.

† [מְחוֹלָה] n.f. id.;—cstr. מְחֹלַת Ct 7:1; pl. מְחֹלֹת Ex 32:19; מְחֹלוֹת Ex 15:20 + 5 times; dancing, token of joyousness after victory, Ju 11:34 1 S 18:6; 21:12; 29:5; in worship, at feast Ju 21:21; act of praise to י׳ Ex 15:20 (song); in idolatrous worship Ex 32:19 (E); as graceful and beautiful Ct 7:1; accomp. by timbrel Ex 15:20 Ju 11:34, and by singing Ex 15:20 1 S 18:6 (where however read prob. Poʿlel Pt. הַמְּחֹלְלוֹת, cf. vb. חוּל supr.; so 𝔊 We Dr), 21:12; 29:5.

† II. [חול, חִיל] vb. be firm, strong (Aramaic Pa. Strengthen, חֵילָא, ܚܰܝܠܴܐ strength; Palm. רב חילא רבא general-in-chief Vog^{No. 28} al.; Sab. חֿיל Sab. Denkm^.91 (on חֿל in Sab. n.pr.v Hal^{JAS Juin, 1872, 533}); Ethiopic ኄለ, ኀyየለ be strong, ኀይል strength, army, ኀyያl strong; Assyrian ḫâ(i)ltu, army Flood Tabl. ^iii.22 horses (as strong ones? cf. ψ 33:17))—only

Qal Impf. in לֹא יָחִיל טוּבוֹ Jb 20:21 his prosperity is not firm (does not endure); יָחִילוּ דְרָכָו֯ בְּכָל־עֵת ψ 10:5 his ways are always firm (stable, prosperous), so Ol De Pe Che al.

חַ֫יִל₂₄₄ n.m. 2 K 10:2 strength, efficiency, wealth, army;—abs. ח׳ Gn 47:6 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חֵיל Is 36:2 2 K 18:17; cstr. חֵיל Ex 14:28 + (on ψ 10:10 v. חלכה); sf. חֵילִי Jb 31:25 + 2 times; חֵילְךָ Je 15:13 +; חֵילוֹ Ex 14:4 +, etc.; pl. חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5 + 19 times; sf. חֵילֵיהֶם Is 30:6;—

1. strength, usually physical: a. seld. alone (chiefly poet.) 1 S 2:4 ψ 18:33, 40 = 2 S 22:33, 40; also גָּֽבְרוּ ח׳ Jb 21:7, cf. Ec 10:10; מֵחַיִל אֶל־חָ֑יִל ψ 84:8; בְּכֹחַ ח׳ 2 Ch 26:13; of virility Pr 31:3; of י׳’s power ψ 59:12; 110:3, cf. Hb 3:19; strength of horse ψ 33:17; fig. of product of vine and fig-tree Jo 2:22 (‖ פְּרִי). b. of result or display of strength עשׂה ח׳ achieve might = do valiantly Nu 24:18 (JE), 1 S 14:48 ψ 60:14 = 108:14, 118:15, 16. c. often in phrases גִּבּוֹר(הַ)ח׳, גִּבּוֹרֵי(הַ)ח׳ hero(es) of strength, mighty man (men) of valour Jos 1:14 (D), 6:2; 8:3; 10:7 (all JE), Ju 6:12; 11:1; 1 S 9:1 16:18 1 K 11:28 2 K 5:1; 15:20; 24:14, 16 1 Ch 5:24; 7:2, 9; 8:40 + (very freq. in Ch), note especially הַגִּבּוֹרִים וכל גבורי ח׳ 28:1; also ג׳ ח׳ 2 Ch 13:3 (‖ ג׳ מלחמה); ג׳ (הַ)חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5, 7, 11, 40; 11:26 (v. also גִּבּוֹר, p. 150); בֶּן־(הַ)ח׳, בְּנֵי(הַ)ח׳ Dt 3:18 Ju 18:2 + (v. בֵּן 8, p. 121); אִישׁ ח׳, אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Ju 3:29; 20:44, 46 1 S 31:12; 2 S 11:16; 23:20; (Qr; Kt חי, on phr. בן־אישׁ חיל cf. Dr) = 1 Ch 11:22 (Kt חיל), 2 S 24:9 Na 2:4 Je 48:14 1 Ch 10:12 Ne 11:6 ψ 76:6; ironical א׳ ח׳ לִמְסֹךְ שֵׁבָר Is 5:22 (‖ גבורים לשׁתות יין); Ec 12:3 metaph. of legs.

2. ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Gn 47:6 (J), Ex 18:21, 25 (both E); of a woman אֵשֶׁת ח׳ Pr 12:4; 31:10 Ru 3:11; cf. 1 K 1:42, 52 (opp. רעה), and especially אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ יִרְאֵי אלהים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שׂנְאֵי בָּ֑צַע Ex 18:21 (E); עָשָׂה היל Pr 31:29 do worthily, efficiently, perhaps also Ru 4:11; late (with weakened meaning of גִּבּוֹר) גִּבּוֹרֵי חֵיל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדַת בֵּית הָאלהים 1 Ch 9:13, cf. אישׁ ח׳ בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲכֹדָה 26:8. So also 1 S 10:26 (read בְּנֵי ח׳, v. 𝔊 We Dr, men of worth, opp. בני בליעל v 27).for MT ח׳ force, band.

3. wealth Gn 34:29 Nu 31:9 (both P), Dt 8:17, 18; 33:11 Is 8:4; 10:14; 30:6 (‖ אוֹצְרֹתָם), 60:5 (‖ הֲמוֹן יָם), v 11; 61:6 Mi 4:13 Je 15:13; 17:3 (both ‖ אצרות), Zp 1:13 Ez 26:12; 28:4, 5^(×2) Zc 14:14 Jb 5:5; 15:29; 20:15, 18; 31:25 ψ 49:7, 11; 62:11; 73:12 Pr 13:22.

4. force, army, very often Ex 14:4, 9, 17, 28 (all P), 15:4 (song), 1 S 17:20; 2 S 8:9 2 K 6:4, 15; 25:1, 5^(×2), 10 2 Ch 13:3 (בְּחַיִל גִּבּוֹרֵי מלחמה), 14:7; 16:7; 23:14 +; so usually Jer.: Je 32:2; 34:1 +; freq. Ezek.: Ez 17:17; 27:10 +; Dn 11:7, 13, 25^(×2), 26; = a band 1 S 10:26 (MT, but v. 2, ad fin.); of queen’s train ח׳ כָּבֵד 1 K 10:2 = 2 Ch 9:1; חֵיל כָּבֵד Is 36:2 = 2 K 18:17 (var. חַיִל) a powerful army (on form cf. Sta^{§ 194 c}); also (late) חֵיל הַצָּבָא 1 Ch 20:1 2 Ch 26:13, חֵיל עָם Est 8:11; הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים Dn 11:10; שַׂר־הח׳ 2 S 24:2 captain of the host, שָׂרֵי הח׳ v 4, 4; שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים captains of armies (bands, divisions) 1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4, 2 K 25:23 Je 40:7, 13; 41:11, 13, 16; 42:1, 8; 43:4, 5; פִּקּוּדֵי החיל Nu 31:14 (P).—חֵילוֹ Ez 32:31 om. B Hi Co; for חֵילֵךְ Ez 27:11 read prob. a n.pr.loc., cf. Da; Co proposes חתלון (cf. 47:15; 48:1), Hal^{Mél. Epigr. 1874, 69} חלך = Cilicia, v. Lag^{M i, 211}.

† חוּל n.pr.m. a ‘son’ of Aramaic Gn 10:23 = 1 Ch 1:17, named between עוּץ and גֶּתֶר 𝔊 Ουλ.

חום (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; NH חום = be warm).

† חוּם adj. darkened, dark brown or black, only of colour of sheep (in Gn 30, J);—וכל־שֶׂה־חוּם בכשׂבים Gn 30:32, וְחוּם בכ׳ Gn 30:33, 35, וכל־חוּם בְּצֹאן Gn 30:40 (cl. prob. interpol. Ol Hup De We Di).

חוֹמָה v. sub חמה.

† [חוּס] vb. pity, look upon with compassion (Aramaic ܚܳܣ, חוּס pity, spare; Assyrian ḫûs, in n.pr. cf. Dl^{Pr 181})—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָסָה Ez 16:5, 2 ms. חַ֫סְתָּ Jon 4:10; Impf. 3 ms. יָחוּס Je 21:7; יָחֹס ψ 72:13; 3 fs. תָּחוּס Is 13:18; תָּחוֹס Dt 7:16 + 9 times (Ges^{§ 72 R 4} Bö^{§ 1133 (2)}); תָּחֹס Gn 45:20 Ez 9:5; וַתָּ֫חָס 1 S 24:11 Ez 20:17; 1 s. אָחוּס Je 13:14 + 2 times; Imv. חוּ֫סָה Jo 2:17 Ne 13:22:— a. of the eye, עין, תח(ו)ס על (לא) the eye shall (not) look with compassion, pity, upon Dt 7:16; 13:9; 19:13; Is 13:18 Ez 7:4; 20:17; לא חסה עָלַיִךְ עין Ez 16:5; עֵינְכֶם אַל־תָּחֹס עַל־כְּלֵיכֶם Gn 45:20 (R^JE) let not your eye look with regret upon your stuff; with ellipsis of עַיִן 1 S 24:11 (but read וָאָחֻס for וַתָּחָס 𝔊 𝔖 We Klo Dr); with ellipsis of על Dt 19:21; 25:12 Ez 5:11; 7:9; 8:18; 9:10; ע֯ל תחס עיני֯כם (אל) Ez 9:5. b. of God חוסה על Ne 13:22 Jo 2:17; לא אחוס על נינוה Jon 4:11; ellipsis of עַל Je 13:14 Ez 24:14. c. of man: the Messianic king על־דַּל וְאֶבְיוֹן ψ 72:13 he shall have pity on poor and needy; Nebuchadrezzar עליהם (i.e. on Zedekiah and the people) Je 21:7; Jonah, על חקיקיון Jon 4:10.—Vid. also חמל.

חוֹף v. sub i. חפף.

† חוּפָם n.pr.m. head of a Benjamite family Nu 26:39, not in 𝔊; (= חֻפִּים Gn 46:21, cf. also 1 Ch 7:12, 15).

† חוּפָמִי adj. gent. of foregoing, c. art. = n. coll. הַח׳ Nu 26:39.

I. חוץ (√ of foll., meaning unknown).

חוּץ n.[m.] the outside, sometimes, especially in pl., spec. a street, never with sf. in sg., with ָה loc. ח֫וּצָה, חֻ֫צָה, pl. חוּצוֹת, חֻצוֹת, with sf. חוּצֹתָיו etc., Is 15:3 etc.;—

1. the outside, of a house, tent, city, camp, etc., often used, especially with preps., to express the adv. idea of outside, abroad (Aramaic syn., except in sense 2 a, is בַּר, ܒܰܪ): a. as accus. after vb. of motion Dt 23:13 יָצָא חוּץ to go forth outside (sc. a camp), v 14 (as adv. accus.) בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ חוּץ outside, הוֹצִיא הַחוּץ to bring forth outside (a house or chamber) Ju 19:25 2 S 13:18 cf. Ne 13:8, Ju 12:9b בָּנוֹת הֵבִיא לְבָנָיו מִן־הַחוּץ from outside, from abroad, 2 K 4:3 שַׁאֲלִי־לָךְ כֵּלִים מִן־הַחוּץ from outside (opp. בַּבַּיִת v 2); as genit. Lv 18:9 מוֹלֶדֶת חוּץ one born abroad (i.e. by another father or mother, of a half-sister: opp. מוֹלֶדֶת בַּיִת) Ez 47:2^(×2). With ָה loc. חוּצָה, after a vb. of motion Ex 12:46 מִן־הַבַּיִת … חוּצָה, Pr 5:16 2 Ch 29:16, 33:15 חוּצָה לָעִיר outside of the city, Nu 35:4 מִקִּיר הָעִיר וָחוּצָה from the wall of the city and outwards; = on the outside, without 1 K 6:6 Is 33:7 צָֽעֲקוּ חוּצָה cry without, 2 Ch 24:8: so הַחוּצָה Gn 15:5 וַיּוֹצֵא אֹתוֹ הח׳ and brought him outside, 19:17; 24:29 Jos 2:19 +, 1 K 8:8 לֹא יֵרָאוּ הַחוּצָה were not seen towards the outside, Dt 25:5 לֹא תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה לְאִישׁ זָר i.e. shall not be married into another family, cf. Ju 12:9a. b. with preps.: a. †אל־החוץ towards the outside Ez 41:9, †34:21 pleon. אל־החוצה. b. בחוץ Gn 9:22 outside (opp. בְּתוֹךְ אָהֳלֹה v 21), 24:31 לָמָּה תַעֲמֹד בַּחוּץ, Dt 24:11 Ex 21:19 אם יקום והתהלך בחוץ (after leaving a sick couch), 2 K 10:24 ψ 31:12 Ez 7:15 (opp. מִבַּיִת), Ho 7:1 +. c. †לחוץ ψ 41:7 יצא לחוץ; = on the outside Ez 41:17; 42:7, †לַחוּצָה 2 Ch 32:5 towards the outside. d. מִחוּץ on (מִן 1 c) the outside Ez 40:19; 46:2, מִבַּיִת וּמִחוּץ within and without (of an ark, building, etc.) Gn 6:14 Ex 25:11 = 37:2 1 K 7:9, Dt 32:25 מחוץ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶרֶב (opp. וּמֵחֲדָרִים אֵימָה), La 1:20 (cf. Ez 7:15 supr. b); so מֵהַחוּץ †Ez 41:25. מִחוּץ לְ on the outside of, Gn 19:16 וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, 24:11 Ex 26:35; 37:7^(×2) Lv 8:17; 14:8 Nu 35:5 Jos 6:23 Je 21:4 +, even after a vb. of motion 1 K 21:13 וַיּוֹצִיאוּהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, 2 K 23:6, though in this case אל מחוץ ל is more common, Lv 4:12, 21 אל מחוץ למחנה, 6:4; 10:4; 14:40, 41 + often P, Dt 23:11. e. †מִחוּצָה Ez 40:40 on the outside, מִחוּצָה לְ v 44. f. (late) †חוּץ מִן outside of, Ec 2:25 who can eat, and who enjoy, חוּץ מִמֶּנִּי outside of me, i.e. except me? (but read rather, with 𝔊 𝔖 De Now al., חוּץ מִמֶּנּוּ apart from, without him, i.e. God). (So NH חוּץ מִן except, without, v. De Ec 2:25. Cf. the Aramaic syn. בַּר מִן except Ex 20:3 𝔗, apart from, without Is 36:10 𝔗; Syriac ܠܒܰܪ ܡܶܢ id.)

2. Of a definite locality, viz. a. that which is outside the houses of a town, i.e. a street Is 51:23 כַּחוּץ לַעֹבְרִים, Je 37:21 חוּץ הָאֹפִים the Bakers’ street, Pr 1:20 בַּחוּץ (‖ בָּֽרְחֹבוֹת: so 7:12; 22:13 Je 9:20); often in pl., as חוּצֹת אַשְׁקְלוֹן the streets of Ashkelon 2 S 1:20, ח׳ ירושׁלם Je 5:1; 7:17, 34 + often Jer., 1 K 20:34 וְחֻצוֹת תָּשִׂים־לְךָ בְּדַמֶּשֶׂק and streets (i.e. bazaars) shalt thou make thee in D., as my father made in Samaria (a concession involving the right of trading), Am 5:16 Is 15:3; 24:11 (as scene of mourning), Is 5:25 Je 51:4 Ez 11:6; 28:23 (as filled with corpses of slain), בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל־חוּצוֹת i.e. in conspicuous places, Na 3:10 La 2:19; 4:1 Is 51:20, טִיט חוּצוֹת mire of streets Zc 10:5 (trampled on by warriors), in simile, of foes trodden under foot, ψ 18:43 Mi 7:10 (so כְּחֹמֶר ח׳ Is 10:6), metaph. of cheapness and abundance Zc 9:3. b. more gen., that which is outside enclosed cities, the open country, Jb 18:17 וְלֹא שֵׁם לוֹ עַל־פְּנֵי־חוּץ (v. De), cr. Pr 24:27; in the pl. Jb 5:10 וְשֹׁלֵחַ מַיִם עַל פְּנֵי חוּצוֹת, Pr 8:26 ψ 144:13 (as place where flocks abound).

† חִיצוֹן adj. outer, external (opp. פְּנִימִי) f. חִיצוֹנָה (for חוֹצוֹן, by dissim., Ba^{NB xxix} Phil^{BAS ii. 2. 362} Ges^{§ 27. 3 R 6})—

1. 2 K 16:18 מְבוֹא הַמֶּלֶךְ הַחִיצוֹנָה the outer entry of the king (viz. to the Temple), Ez 44:1 the outer gate of the sanctuary, החצר החיצונה the outer court (of the Temple) Ez 10:5 40:17, 20, 31, 34, 37; 42:1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 14; 44:19, 1; 46:9, 20, 21, cf. Est 6:4 (of Ahasuerus’ palace), 2 Ch 33:14 חוֹמָה ח׳ an outer wall (built by Manasseh for the עִיר דָּוִיד); הַחִיצוֹן absol., in לַחִיצוֹן 1 K 6:29, 30, בַּחִיצוֹן Ez 41:17 (הַבַּיִת being understood) of the outer (part of the Temple), i.e. the Holy Place (cf. פְּנִימִי, פְּנִימָה, of the Holy of holies).

2. fig. outward, external הַמְּלָאבָה הַחִיצוֹנָה Ne 11:16 1 Ch 26:29, of business not distinctively sacred, in which Levites were engaged (cf. the NH use of ח׳ to denote extra-canonical, as Sanh. 10:1 [Jost, 11:1 Surenh.] ספרים החיצונים).

II. חוץ (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic حَاصَ sew together, Aramaic ܚܰܝܶܨ bind, compress, σφίγγειν, ܚܝܳܨܳܐ bandage: حَاطَ iv. encompass, حَاىِٔطٌ wall, which is often compared, does not correspond phonetically).

† חַ֫יִץ n.[m.] party-wall (NH id., prob. from Ez l.c.)—Ez 13:10, according to Ki מחיצה גרועה i.e. a thin or party-wall.

חוק, חיק (√ of foll.; Assyrian ḫîḳu, embrace, Creation Tabl.^{a, 1.5}; Arabic خَوْقٌ ring, خَوَقٌ width of desert, of well, of vulva, أَخْوَقُ wide; Di comp. also Ethiopic ሐይቅ shore of sea, from surrounding, cf. Assyrian supr.)

† [חוק] n.[m.] bosom, ψ 74:11 Kt חוקך (but read Qr חֵיקְךָ, v. following).

† חֵיק, חֵק n.[m.] bosom (NH id.)—abs. חֵיק Ez 43:17 Pr 16:33 + Ez 43:13 (Co חיקו, cf. ZKW ^{1883, pp. 67 ff.}; חֵיקֹה Dr^{Sm xxxi}), חֵק Pr 21:14; cstr. חֵיק 1 K 22:35 + 3 times + Ez 43:14 (Co חיקו) חֵק Pr 5:20 (om. by accident in Baer, cf. Str^{ad loc.}) 17:23; sf. חֵיקִי 1 K 3:20 ψ 89:51; חֵקִי Jb 19:27 etc.; elsewhere always plene c. sf.; חוקך Kt ψ 74:11 (Qr חֵיקְךָ);—bosom, specif.

1. of fold of garment, at breast Ex 4:6^(×2), 7^(×3) (all J), Pr 6:27; 16:33, metaph. of י׳ ψ 74:11; שֹׁחַד בח׳ Pr 21:14 is a hidden reward (concealed in bosom; ‖ מַתָּן בַּסֵּתֶר); שֹׁחַד מֵחֵק 17:23 is a gift secretly given; fig., requite into bosom Is 65:6, 7; Je 32:18; cf. ψ 35:13; 79:12.

2. carry (נָשָׁא) in bosom, Moses the people Nu 11:12 (JE); Naomi, Ruth’s child Ru 4:16, cf. 1 K 3:20^(×2); 17:19; ewe lamb 2 S 12:3 Is 40:11 (metaph.); La 2:12 of infants dying in their mothers’ arms; fig. of carrying insults in one’s bosom ψ 89:51 (read prob. כְּלִמַּת for כֹּל, v. Bi Che).

3. bosom as part of body: a. external, lie in bosom, of wife שׁכבת Mi 7:5, cf. 2 S 12:8; concubine Gn 16:5 (J) cf. 1 K 1:2; אֵשֶׁת חיק(ך) Dt 13:7; 28:54, cf. also Pr 5:20 תְּחַבֵּק חֵק נָכְרִיָּה; אִישׁ חֵיקָהּ Dt 28:56. b. internal, anger resteth בח׳ כסילים Ec 7:9; כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי Jb 19:27 my reins are consumed within me; Jb 23:12 (read בְּחֵקִי for מֵחֻקִּי, so 𝔊 𝔙 Ol Me Stu Di) in my breast have I hidden the words of his mouth (cf. בְּלִבִּי ψ 119:11); fig. of interior of chariot 1 K 22:35 ח׳ הרכב; of hollow bottom of altar Ez 43:13, 14, 17 (Sm Rinne; Co Grundeinfassung).

† חוּקֹק n.pr.loc. city in Asher 1 Ch 6:60 𝔊 Ικακ, 𝔊L Ακωκ; but read prob. חֶלְקַת (as Jos 19:25) q.v.—חֻקֹ֑קָה Jos 19:34 v. sub חקק.

† I. [חָוַר] vb. be or grow white, pale (Arabic حَوِرَ be white, حَوَرٌ whiteness, Aramaic ܚܘܰܪ, חֲוַר be white)—only

Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וְלֹא עַתָּה פָּנָיו יֶחֱוָ֑רוּ Is 29:22 (‖ לֹא עַתָּה יֵבוֹשׁ יַעֲקֹב).

† I. חוּר n.[m.] white stuff (dub. whether cotton or linen, cf. כַּרְפַּס), ‖ תְּכֵלֶת:—of Mordecai’s garments בִּלְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת תְּכֵלֶת וָחוּר Est 8:15a in a royal garment of violet and white stuff (cf. וְתַכְרִיךְ בּוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן v b); of furnishings of royal palace of Susa ח׳ כַּרְפַּס וּתְכֵלֶת אָחוּז בְּחַבְלֵי־בוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן 1:6 white stuff of fine linen (?) held fast by cords of byssus and purple.

† חוֹרָ֑י n.m. white stuff, cf. i. חוּר; וְאֹרְגִים חוֹרָ֑י Is 19:9 and (those) weaving white stuff.

† I. חֹרִי n.[m.] white bread or cake שְׁלֹשָׁה סַלֵּי חֹרִי Gn 40:16 three baskets of white bread.—ii. חֹרִי v. iii. חרר.

† II. חוּר n.pr.m. (meaning dub.; cf. Nab. n.pr. חורו Nö in Eut^{p. 45})—

1. 𝔊 Ωρ, named with Aaron as compan. of Moses Ex 17:10, 12; 24:14 (all E).

2. 𝔊 Ωρ, a Judahite Ex 31:2 = 35:30, cf. 38:22 (all P) 1 Ch 2:19, 20, 50 (on div. of verse v. Be VB); also 4:1, 4 2 Ch 1:5.

3. 𝔊 Ουρ, a king of Midian Nu 31:8 Jos 13:21 (both P).

4. 𝔊L Σουρ (B om.) head of fam. of returned exiles Ne 3:9.

5. בֶּן־חוּר officer of Sol. 1 K 4:8, v. sub בֵּן p. 122.

III. חוּר = חֻר v. sub III. חרר.

† חוּרַי n.pr.m. a hero of David ח׳ מִנַּחֲלֵי גָ֔עַשׁ 1 Ch 11:32 𝔊 Ουρ(ε)ι, 𝔊L Ουρια; = הִדָּי 2 S 23:30 (om. B; A Αθθαι, 𝔊L Αδδαι).

† חוּרִי n.pr.m. a Gileadite (of Gad) 1 Ch 5:14 (𝔊 Ουρ(ε)ι).

† הִירָה n.pr.m. (√ חור but meaning dub.) an Adullamite, friend of Judah Gn 38:1, 12 (both J), 𝔊 Ειρας.

חוּרָם v. חִירָם sub אַח, אחה supr. p. 27 b.

II. חור (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَارَ bend, turn, incline, of man be weak, Lane ^{820 c}, خَوْرٌ hollow, depressed ground between hills).

† I. חֹר n.[m.] hollow, only in חֹר הַגִּדְגָּ֑ד Nu 33:32 hollow of Gidgad (v. Di); v. p. 151.

II., III. חוֹר, חֹר (חוֹרִים) v. sub II., III. חרר.

† חַוְרָן n.pr.terr. (meaning unknown; conjectures are:—black-land (as basaltic region), supported by حَوْر black, dial. of Yemen, Maltzan ^{ZMG 1874, 230}, and tokens of immigration from Yemen into Ḥaurân, Wetzst in De ^{Job 2, 598; ZKW 1884, 120}; land of caves, Thes Hi-Sm, Porter ^{Dict. Bib.}, and hollow, GASm^{Geogr. 552}, who comp. Heb. חור hole; but this prob. from iii. חרר, and Arabic خَوْر, hollow, diff. from حَوْرَان )—district SE. from Mt. Hermon, extending between Jaulan and Lejah, toward Syriac desert; only גְּבוּל חַוְרָ֑ן Ez 47:16 cf. מִבֵּין חַוְרָ֥ן וּמִבֵּין דַּמֶּשֶׂק v 18; = Assyrian Ḫaurani Dl^{Pa 294}; 𝔊 Αυρανιτις, and so Jos^Ant. xv. 10, 1 etc., Arabic حَوْرَان. On this district v. Wetzst ^{Hauran, (1860)} and in De ^{Job 2, 597 ff.} Bd^{Pal 195 ff.} Schumacher^{Across the Jordan, 1889; ZPV xii. 1889, 225 ff. (with map)} GASm^{Geogr. 552 f. 609 ff.}

† I. חוּשׁ vb. haste, make haste (Assyrian ḫâšu, Dl^{Pr 180}, Ethiopic ሖሰ; on this vb. v. Nö ^{ZMG 1883, 538})—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. חָשׁ Dt 32:35 (or Pt., but v. Di), 1 s. חַשְׁתִּי ψ 119:60; Impf. 3 fs. וַתַּ֫חַשׁ (sic!) Jb 31:5 Ges^{§ 72 R. 9}; Imv. חוּ֫שָׁה 1 S 20:38 + 6 times ψ, + ψ 71:12 Qr (Kt חישׁה); Inf. sf. חוּשִׁי Jb 20:2; Pt. act. חָשׁ Hb 1:8 + Is 8:1, 3 in n.pr.; pass. חֻשִׁים Nu 32:17; but v. infr.:—make haste Dt 32:35 (‖ קרוב), ψ 119:60; in prophetic n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל חָשׁ בַּ֑ז Is 8:1, 3; of eagle (in sim. of Chald. army) נשׁר חשׁ לאכול Hb 1:8; Jb 31:5 subj. רגל, sq. על־מרמה; חוּ֫שִׁי בִי Jb 20:2 my haste in me, i.e. my inward excitement—especially Imv. 1 S 20:38 (‖ מהרה), and in ψψ: sq. לְעֶזְרָתִי 22:20; 38:23; 40:14; 70:2; 71:12 (Qr); sq. לִי 70:6; 141:1; pt. pass. נֵחָלֵץ חֻשִׁים Nu 32:17, but prob. for חֲמֻשִׁים (Kn Di comp. Ex 13:18 etc.); Ba^{NB 180} retains חוּשִׁים and regards it as act. (intrans.) = hastening.

Hiph. Pf. הֵחִישׁוּ Ju 20:37; Impf. יָחִישׁ Is 28:16; יָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. 5:19 (Ges^{§ 48. 3}); אָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. ψ 55:9; sf. אֲחִישֶׁנָּה Is 60:22;— 1. shew haste, act quickly Ju 20:37; hasten, come quickly Is 5:19 (subj. מַעֲשֵׂהוּ, ‖ יְמַהֵר; others: let him hasten on his work), יָחִישׁ Is 28:16 hasten away (flee), or hasten about distractedly (si vera l.; Che Guthe read ימישׁ yield, give way). 2. transit. c. sf. Is 60:22 I will hasten it; c. acc. ψ 55:9 I would hasten (= secure quickly) my escape.

† חִישׁ adv. quickly, כי גז חישׁ ψ 90:10 of passing away of human life.

† II. [חוּשׁ] vb. feel, enjoy (with the senses) (Now comp. Arabic حَسَّ feel, perceive by senses; NH חוּשׁ feel pain; Aramaic ܚܳܫ חוּשׁ, feel pain; Ethiopic ሕዋስ perception)—only

Qal Impf. 3 ms. מִי יֹאכַל וּמִי יָחוּשׁ Ec 2:25 who can eat and who can feel (i.e. enjoy pleasure)?

† חוּשָׁה n.pr.m. a ‘son’ of חוּר = place in Judah 1 Ch 4:4.

† חֻשָׁתִי adj.gent. of foregoing:— 1. of individ., c. art. הַח׳ 2 S 21:18 = 1 Ch 20:4, 2 S 23:27 = 1 Ch 11:29, v. also 1 Ch 27:11.

† חוּשַׁי n.pr.m.

1. ח׳ הָאַרְכִּי 2 S 15:32 so 17:5, 14, called רֵעֶה דוד 15:37 friend of David, so 16:16 a; cf. 16:16b, 17, 18 1 Ch 27:33; also 1 S 17:6, 7, 8, 15

2. 1 K 4:16 father of one of Solomon’s officers.

† I. חוּשִׁים, חֻשִׁים n.pr.f. wife of Shaharaim of Benjamin, חוּשִׁים 1 Ch 8:8, חֻשִׁים v 11.

† II. חֻשִׁים n.pr.m. of Dan, וּבְנֵי דָן ח׳ Gn 46:23 cf. חֻשִֿׁם בְּנֵי אַחֵר 1 Ch 7:12 (v. Be VB); = שׁוּחָם (q.v.) Nu 26:42 cf. שׁוּחָתִי v 42, 43.

† חֻשָֿׁם, חוּשָׁם n.pr.m. a king of Edom: חֻשָֿׁם Gn 36:34, 35 = חוּשָׁם 1 Ch 1:45, 46.

חוֹתָם v. sub חתם.

חֲזָאֵל v. חֲזָהאֵל sub i. חזה.

† I. חָזָה vb. (almost wholly poet.) see, behold (Aramaic ܚܙܳܐ, חֲזָא, see, perceive with the eyes; Palm. Ethp. אתחזי = ἔδοξεν Reckendorf ^{ZMG, 1888, 397}; Arabic حَزَى, perceive with the inner vision, only; حَازٍ astronomer, astrologer)—

Qal Pf. ח׳ ψ 58:11 + 6 times; חָזִיתָ Pr 22:29; 29:20; חָזִית Is 57:8; חָזִיתִי Jb 15:17; חֲזִיתִךָ ψ 63:3; חָ֥זוּ Jb 24:1 + 5 times; חֲזִיתֶם Jb 27:12 Ez 13:7, 8; Impf. יֶחֱזֶה Nu 24:4 + 2 times; 3 fs. וְתַ֫חַז Mi 4:11; 2 ms. תֶּחֱזֶה Ex 18:21; 1 s. אֶחֱזֶה ψ 17:15 + 4 times; אָ֫חַז Jb 23:9; pl. יֶחֱזוּ Is 26:11 + 4 times; יֶחֱזָ֑יוּן Is 26:11; תֶּחֱזֶ֫ינָת Is 33:17 + 2 times; תֶּחֱזוּ Is 30:10 Ct 7:1; 1 pl. וְנֶחֱזֶת Ct 7:1; Imv. חֲזֵה Is 33:20; 48:6; חֲזוּ ψ 46:9 Is 30:10; Inf. cstr. חֲזוֹת ψ 27:4 Ez 21:34; Pt. חֹזֶה Ez 12:27; pl. חֹזִים Is 47:13 Ez 13:9, 16; 22:28. (All other ptc. forms are used as nouns, v. חֹזֶה.) 1. see, behold: a. with the eye, acc. rei ψ 58:9, 11 Pr 22:29; 29:20 Is 33:20; 57:8; God in theophany Ex 24:11 (JE); God, after death, apart from the flesh Jb 19:26, 27; the face of God ψ 11:7; 17:15 (after death). b. subj. the eyes themselves; man’s eyes: תֶּחֱזֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ thine eyes will behold Is 33:17; also of God’s eyes: ψ 11:4; 17:2. c. with בְּ look on (intensely, with gratification); a damsel Ct 7:1, 1; Zion Mi 4:11; נֹעַם י׳ in the temple ψ 27:4; the work of God Jb 36:25; with investigation בַּכּוֹכָבִים on the stars, as stargazers, in astrology Is 47:13. 2. see as a seer in the ecstatic state, with acc. of the vision seen: חזון Is 1:1 Ez 12:27; 13:16; מחזה Nu 24:4, 16 (JE; poet., Balaam); מחזה שׁוא Ez 13:7; משּׂא Is 13:1 Hb 1:1; משׂאות שׁוא La 2:14; שׁוא Ez 13:6, 9, 23; 21:34; 22:28 La 2:14; כזב Ez 13:8; שֶׁקֶר Zc 10:2; obj. deceitful things Is 30:10; דבר(ים) Is 2:1 Am 1:1 Mi 1:1; with לְ, be a seer, for any one Is 30:10; see a vision for one La 2:14, 14. 3. see, perceive: a. with the intelligence, abs. Jb 34:32 Pr 24:32; acc. rei Is 48:6; Yahweh in his temple ψ 63:3; in his providential workings Jb 23:9 ψ 46:9 Is 26:11^(×2). b. see, by experience abs. Jb 27:12; acc. rei Jb 15:17; 24:1. c. provide, תחזה מכל העם אנשׁי חיל Ex 18:21 provide from all the people men of ability (E).

Note. —בֵּית אֲבָנִים יֶחֱזֶה Jb 8:17 is difficult: RV renders he (it) beholdeth the place of stones (the root of the plant personified) Hengst, cf. Reuss al. after 𝔖 𝔗. Other renderings are: pierceth (cf. חָזַז) Bö Ew Hi (יְחַזֶּה), Di De MV; between (v. p. 108) the stones it liveth (יִחְיֶה) 𝔊 Siegf.

חוֹזָ֑י 2 Ch 33:19, v. following.

† חֹזֶה n.m. seer;—abs. ח׳ Am 7:12 + 7 times; cstr. חֹזֵה 1 Ch 21:9 + 3 times; חוֹזֵה 2 Ch 35:15; pl. חֹזִים Is 29:10 + 4 times; חוֹזִים 2 Ch 33:19 (so read with 𝔊; חוֹזָ֑י MT scribal error)—

1. seer: a. of unnamed persons, syn. נבא(ים) 2 K 17:13 Is 29:10; רֹאִים Is 30:10; קֹסְמִים Mi 3:7; historical writers דִּבְרֵי הַחֹזִים 2 Ch 33:18, דברי חוזים (𝔊) 2 Ch 33:19 (MT appar. n.pr.) b. named prophets; Gad 2 S 24:11 = 1 Ch 21:9, 1 Ch 29:29 2 Ch 29:25; Amos Am 7:12; Iddo 2 Ch 9:29; 12:15; Jehu 2 Ch 19:2. c. the singers: Heman 1 Ch 25:5; Asaph 2 Ch 29:30; Jeduthun 2 Ch 35:15.

Note. It seems best to add 2. vision (cf. רֹאֶה Is 28:7) עִם שְׁאוֹל עָשִׂינוּ חֹזֶה Is 28:15 with Sheʾôl we made a vision (had a vision, in connexion with Sheʾôl—i.e. by necromancy, v. Du—which makes us secure; ‖ כרת ברית אֶת־מָוֶת); Ew^{§ 156 e} trans. oracle here and 2 K 17:13; Hoffm^{ZAW iii. 95} puts this under 1: ‘we have appointed a prophet with Sheʾôl (SS “Ein bei der Scheol bestellter Seher”), who is answerable to us for it;’ 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗 AV RV Che Di al., are at (or have made an) agreement (prophetic advice of seers being taken at time of making treaties; v. חָזוּת 1)—Vid. also כָּל־חֹזֶה n.pr.m. sub כל.

† חָזוֹן n.m. ^{Dn 8:1} vision (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 204})—abs. ח׳ Ho 12:11 + 25 times; cstr. חֲזוֹן Is 1:1 + 8 times.

1. vision, as seen in the ecstatic state ‖ קסם Mi 3:6; ‖ מקסם Ez 12:24; ‖ חלמות Dn 1:17; ‖ נביא Dn 9:24; חזה ח׳ Ez 12:27; 13:16; ראה ח׳ Dn 8:15; ראה בח׳ Dn 8:2, 2; 9:21; דבּר בח׳ ψ 89:20; חזון נראה אל Dn 8:1 vision appeared unto; מצא ח׳ מיהוה La 2:9 find a vision from Yahweh; also Ez 12:22, 23 Dn 8:13, 17, 26; 10:14; 11:14.

2. vision, in the night חֲזוֹן לַיְלָה Is 29:7.

3. divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy בקשׁ ח׳ מנביא seek a vision (prophecy) from prophet Ez 7:26; ‖ דבר(ים) 1 S 3:1 1 Ch 17:15; חֲזוֹן לִבָּם יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ Je 23:16 a prophecy of their own hearts (minds) they speak; חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר וְקֶסֶם אֱלִיל וְתַרְמִית לִבָּם הֵמָּה מִתְנַבְּאִים Je 14:14 false vision and (v. אֱלִיל) worthless divination & deceit of their own hearts they are prophesying; כתב ח׳ write the vision Hb 2:2; also Ho 12:11 Hb 2:3 Pr 29:18 Ez 7:13 (del. Co).

4. vision, as title of book of prophecy, ספר חזון נחוּם Na 1:1; ח׳ ישׁעיהו Is 1:1; ח׳ עבדיה Ob 1; of other writings of prophets 2 Ch 32:32.

† [חָזוֹת] n.[f.], only cstr. בַּחֲזוֹת יֶעְדּוֹ in the visions (prophecies) of Iddo 2 Ch 9:29, the title of a collection of prophetic history, v. חָזוֹן 4.

† חָזוּת n.f. vision, conspicuousness (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 202})—abs. ח׳ Is 21:2 Dn 8:5, 8; cstr. חָזוּת Is 29:11; sf. חָזוּתְכֶם Is 28:18;—

1. vision, oracle of a prophet חָזוּת קָשָׁה הֻגַּד־לִי Is 21:2 a hard vision is declared to me; וַתְּהִי לָכֶם חָזוּת הַכֹּל כְּדִבְרֵי הַסֵּפֶר הֶחָתוּם Is 29:11 the vision (prophecy) of the whole is become to you as the words of a sealed writing; חָזוּתְכֶם אֶת־שְׁאוֹל לֹא תָקוּם Is 28:18 your agreement with Sheol will not stand, so Thes MV De Che Di al. after Vrss, but Ew^{§ 156 e} renders oracle, and Siegf. Hellseherei, v. חֹזֶה 2.

2. conspicuousness in appearance: קֶרֶן הָזוּת a conspicuous horn Dn 8:5 = the great horn v 8, 21; so חָזוּת אַרְבַּע Dn 8:8, but < read אֲחֵרוֹת others, as 𝔊 Gr Bev.

חִזָּיוֹן n.m. ^{2 S 7:17} vision (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 200})—abs. ח׳ 2 S 7:17 Is 22:1, 5; cstr. חֶזְיוֹן Jb 20:8; 33:15; sf. חֶזְיֹנוֹ Zc 13:4; pl. abs. חֶזְיֹנוֹת Jb 7:14 Jo 3:1, cstr. id. Jb 4:13;—

1. vision, in the ecstatic state ראה ח׳ Jo 3:1; גּי(א) ח׳ valley of vision Is 22:1, 5.

2. vision, in the night חֶזְיוֹנ(וֹת) לַיְלָה Jb 4:13; 20:8; 33:15; ‖ חֲלֹמוֹת Jb 7:14.

3. divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy: ‖ דברים 2 S 7:17 (= חזון 1 Ch 17:15); יֵבשׁוּ אִישׁ מֵחֶזְיֹנוֹ בְּהִנָּֽכְאֹתוֹ Zc 13:4 they will be ashamed, every one of his vision when he prophesieth.

† חֶזְיוֹן n.pr.m. (vision) ancestor of Benhadad king of Aramaic 1 K 15:18 (Klo proposes חֶזְרוֹן and comp. 𝔊 1 K 11:23 f.).

† חֲזָהאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl sees; Assyrian Ḫazaʾilu COT ^Gloss) king of Aramaic 2 K 8:8, 13, 15, v 29 = 2 Ch 22:6; contr. חֲזָאֵל 1 K 19:15, 17 2 K 8:9, 12, v 28 = 2 Ch 22:5, 2 K 9:14, 15; 10:32; 12:18^(×2), 19; 13:3^(×2), 22, 24, 25; בֵּית חֲזָאֵל Am 1:4.

† חֲזִיאֵל n.pr.m. (vision of Ēl) Levite of the line of Gershon, of the time of Solomon 1 Ch 23:9.

† חֲזָיָה n.pr.m. (Yah hath seen) one of the chiefs of the בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה Ne 11:5.

† יַחֲזִיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl sees)—

1. Benjamite warrior of David 1 Ch 12:4.

2. priest of David 1 Ch 16:6.

3. a Levite 1 Ch 23:19; 24:23.

4. a Levite of the sons of Asaph 2 Ch 20:14.

5. ancestor of one of the families of the restoration Ezr 8:5.

† יַחְזְיָה n.pr.m. (Yah sees) a prince of the restoration Ez 10:15.

† מַחֲזֶה n.[m.] vision—abs. מ׳ Gn 15:1; cstr. מַחֲזֵה Nu 24:4, 16 Ez 13:7;—vision, in the ecstatic state מַחֲזֵה שָׁוְא (‖ מִקְסַם כָּזָב) Ez 13:7 of the false prophets; מַחֲזֵה שַׁדַּי Nu 24:4, 16 (JE; poems of Balaam); הָיָה דְבַר י׳ אֶל־אַבְרָם בַּמַּחֲזֶה Gn 15:1 (R) the word of י׳ came unto Abram in a vision.

† מֶחֱזָה n.f. light, place of seeing, window, מֶחֱזָה אֶל־מֶחֱזָה light over against light 1 K 7:4^(×2), 5^(×2).

† מַחֲזִיאֹת n.pr.m. (visions) 1 Ch 25:4 (but on this list cf. RS^{OTJC 422; ed. 2, 143}), = מַחֲזִיאוֹת 1 Ch 25:30 a Hemanite chief of a course of singers.

II. חזה (√ of foll.; Arabic حَذَا iii., حِذَاءٌ be opposite, حِذَآءٌ front, Lane ^{537 b}; v. Lg^{BN 50} Dr^{§ 178}, cf. Sab. חדֿית prep. opposite DHM in MV).

† חָזֶה n.m. ^{Lv 7:31} breast of animals (Aramaic ܚܰܕܝܳܐ, חַדְיָא)—abs. ח׳ Ex 29:26 + 4 times; cstr. חֲזֵה Ex 29:27 + 5 times; pl. חָזוֹת Lv 9:20, 21—breast, only P, and only of sacrificial animals; always as wave-offering; of ram of installation Ex 29:26, 27 Lv 8:29, of peace-offering Lv 7:30, 30; 9:20, 21, of Nazirite sacrif. Nu 6:20; perquisite of Aaron and his sons Lv 7:31, 34; 10:14, 15, cf. Nu 18:18.

† חֲזוֹ n.pr.m. son of Nahor Gn 22:22, 𝔊 Αζαυ (cf. Assyrian n.pr.loc. Hazû, mentioned with Bazû (v. iii. בּוּז) by Esar. Dl^{Pa 307; ZK 1885, 93 f.} COT on Gn 22:21; also Di).

חזז (√ of foll.; Arabic حَزَّ cut or notch; خَزَّ pierce (Frey)).

† [חֲזִיז] n.[m.] thunder-bolt, lightning-flash (NH חֲזִיז; Aramaic חֲזִיזָא shining cloud)—only cstr. חֲזִיז and pl. חֲזִיזִים; וְדֶרֶךְ לַחֲזִיז קֹלוֹת Jb 28:26 and a way for thunder-bolts = 38:25; י׳ עֹשֶׂה חֲזִיזִים Zc 10:1 (‖ מְטַר־גֶּשֶׁם).

חָזַק₂₉₁ vb. be or grow firm, strong, strengthen (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܙܰܩ, חֲזַק bind on or about, gird on, cf. Arabic حَزَقَ bind, squeeze)—

†Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 41:57 + 4 times; חָזָק֑ 2 Ch 26:15; sf. חֲזָקוֹ 2 Ch 28:20, etc.; Impf. יֶחֱזַק 2 Ch 28:7 (Baer) + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱזַק Gn 41:56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ 2 S 10:11 + 2 times; יֶחְזְקוּ Is 28:22; Imv. חֲזַק Dt 12:23 +; חִזְקוּ Dt 31:6 +; Inf. cstr. לְחָזְקָה 2 K 12:13; sf. לְחָזְקָהּ Ez 30:21; Pt. חָזֵק Ex 19:19 2 S 3:1, etc.;— I. intrans. be or grow strong:— 1. a. of physical strength of hands Ju 7:11 2 S 2:7; 16:21 Ez 22:14 Zc 8:9, 13 (on Ez 3:14 v. infr.); of arm, sq. inf. Ez 30:21; used of recovery from illness Is 39:1; sq. מִן compar. over-power 1 S 17:50 (c. בְּ instr.), 2 S 13:14. b. of people, army Dt 11:8 Jos 17:13 (JE), = Ju 1:28, Ezr 9:12; sq. מִן compar. be stronger than, too strong for, prevail against 2 S 10:11^(×2) = 1 Ch 19:12^(×2) 1 K 20:23, 25; id., sq. acc. 1 K 16:22, cf. of י׳ as prevailing over man Je 20:7 (‖ יָכֹל); sq. על 2 Ch 8:3; 27:5. c. of royal power וְדָוִד הֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק 2 S 3:1 (opp. הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים); cf. 2 Ch 26:15 (‖ חֶזְקָה v 16), Dn 11:5a. d. prevail over, upon, of word of king 2 S 24:4 (sq. אֶל־) = 1 Ch 21:4 (sq. עַל). e. of bonds Is 28:22. f. of sound of trumpet הוֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק מְאֹד Ex 19:19 (E, cf. חָזָק v 16) it grew much louder and louder. 2. be firm, fast:— a. lit. be caught fast, of Absalom’s head 2 S 18:9 (sq. בְּ). b. be firm, secure, of a kingdom 2 K 14:5 (+ בְּיָדוֹ) = 2 Ch 25:3 (+ עָלָיו). Oftener c. be firm = courageous, confident, especially Imv., usually ‖ אמץ (q.v.), Dt 31:6, 7, 23 Jos 1:6, 7, 9, 18; 10:25; 23:6 (all D), 2 S 10:12; 13:28 1 K 2:2 1 Ch 19:13 (‖ התחזק), 22:13; 28:10, 20 2 Ch 15:7; 19:11; 32:7 Ezr 10:4 ψ 27:14; 31:25 Is 35:4; 41:6 Hg 2:4^(×3) Dn 10:19^(×2); sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Ch 25:8. d. hold firmly to, devote oneself to, sq. בְּ 2 Ch 31:4. e. sq. Inf. be firm not to eat blood, i.e. firmly refrain from it Dt 12:23, cf. 1 Ch 28:7. 3. press, be urgent, sq. עַל + Inf. Ex 12:33 (E); sq. עַל of hand of י׳ in prophetic ecstasy Ez 3:14 (𝔊 Co read חֲזָקָה, adj., v. חָזָק). 4. in bad sense: a. grow stout, rigid, hard, with idea of perversity, of Pharaoh’s heart Ex 7:13, 22; 8:15 (all P), 9:35 (R); cf. חזקו עָלַי דבריכם Mal 3:13. b. be severe, grievous, of battle 2 K 3:26; of famine Gn 41:56, 57 (E), 47:20 (J; sq. על), 2 K 25:3 = Je 52:6. II. transit. only לֹא חֲזָקוֹ 2 Ch 28:20 strengthened him not, but text very dub. (‖ וַיָּצַר לוֹ).

†Pi. Pf. חִזַּק ψ 147:13 +, etc.; Impf. וַיְחַזֵּק Ex 9:12 + 10 times, etc.; Imv. חַזֵּק Ne 6:9 + 2 times; fs. חַזְּקִי Na 3:14; חַזֵּ֑קִי Is 54:2 etc.; Inf. cstr. חַזֵּק 2 K 12:9 + 12 times; Pt. מְחַזֵּק Ex 14:17; מְחַזְּקִים 2 K 12:9;— 1. make strong (physically): a. sq. acc. pers. Ju 16:28; sq. על 3:12; sq. מָתְנַיִם Na 2:2 (‖ אַמֵּץ כֹּחַ; of personif. people). b. = restore to strength Dn 10:18, 19; to health Ez 34:4, 16; c. לְ give strength to 1 Ch 29:12; so, sq. זְרוֹעֹתָם, Ho 7:15 Ez 30:24 (and v 25 Co, v. Hiph.) c. sq. acc. rei Is 41:7 Je 10:4 (both c. בְּ instr.; of manufacture of idols); of strengthening tent-pegs, in metaph. Is 54:4, cf. 33:23; sq. bars of gates ψ 147:13; often of making strong, fortifying a town, etc. Na 3:14 2 Ch 11:11, 12; 26:9; 32:5; = repair (wall, obj. not expr.) Ne 3:19 v. Hiph.; c. acc. of temple 2 K 12:6, 7, 15; 22:6 2 Ch 24:5, 12; 29:3; 34:8, cf. v 10 (‖ לִבְדּוֹק); sq. לְבית י׳ 1 Ch 26:27; obj. breaches (acc.) 2 K 12:8, 9, 13; 22:5. d. of establishing kingdom 2 Ch 11:17. 2. strengthen the hands (acc.) of any one, i.e. sustain, encourage (opp. רִפָּה) Ju 9:24 Je 23:14 Ez 13:22 Is 35:3 Jb 4:3 Ezr 6:22 Ne 2:18; 6:9 2 Ch 29:34; וַיְח׳ ידו בֵּאלהים 1 S 23:16; sq. בְּ Ezr 1:6 (+ בְּ instr.) 3. make strong = bold, encourage, c. acc. Dt 1:38; 3:28 2 S 15:5 Is 41:7; c. acc. pers. + לַעֲבֹדַת בֵּית י׳ 2 Ch 35:2. 4. make firm:— a. c. 2 acc. וְאַבְנֵֽטְךָ אֲחַזְּקֶנּוּ Is 22:21 and with thy sash (of office) will I make him firm, i.e. bind it firmly about him (‖ הלבישׁ). b. make firm or fixed, = definitely adopt דָּבָר רָע יח׳־לָמוֹ ψ 64:6. 5. make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden (the heart of any one) Ex 4:21; 10:20, 27 (all E), 9:12; 11:10; 14:4, 8, 17 (all P), Jos 11:20 (D); v. also ח׳ פניהם מִסֶּלַע Je 5:3†.

Hiph.₁₁₈ Pf. הֶחֱזִיק Ju 7:8 +; 3 fs. הֶחֱזִ֫יקָה Je 49:24 +; sf. הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Je 8:21; הֶחֱזַ֫קְתִּי Ne 5:16 + 3 times; וְהַחֲזַקְתִּ֫י Ez 30:25, etc.; Impf. יַחֲזִיק Jb 8:15 + 2 times; 1 s. וְאַחְזֵק Is 42:6; יַחֲזִיקוּ Je 6:23 + 2 times; יַחֲזִקוּ Dn 11:32, etc.; Imv. הַחֲזֵק 2 S 11:25 + 2 times, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַחֲזִיק 2 K 15:19 Is 64:6; sf. הֶחֱזִיקִי Je 31:32 (הַח׳ Cod. Petrop. v. RS ^{JPh. xvi, 1888, 73}); Pt. מַחֲזִיק Ex 9:2 + 9 times; sf. מַחֲזִקָהּ Dn 11:6; fs. מַחֲזֶקֶת Ne 4:11; pl. מַחֲזִיקִים Ne 4:10 + 5 times; cstr. מַחֲזִיקֵי Ez 27:9, 27;— †1. a. make strong, strengthen Je 51:12. b. make firm, the kingdom 2 K 15:19 (+ בְּיָדוֹ). c. display strength (late) 2 Ch 26:8 (‖ וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד וגו׳), Dn 11:32 (‖ וְעָשׂוּ). †2. make severe, of battle 2 S 11:25. †3. sq. יד = support Ez 16:49; sq. זְרוֹעוֹת 30:25 (subj. י׳; but Co reads Pi. as v 24)†. 4. = repair, walls of Jerus., Ne 3:4^(×3) + 31 times Ne 3; cf. (in gen.) pt. used substant. מחזיקי בדקך Ez 27:9, 27 of Tyre and her ships (‖ מַלָּחִים, etc.) †5. prevail, abs. Dn 11:7; sq. עַל Jb 18:9; prevail upon to הח׳ בּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל 2 K 4:8. 6. especially take or keep hold of, seize, grasp: a. take hold of, seize, catch, sq. בְּ Gn 19:4(J), 21:18(E), Ex 4:4 (J; ‖ אחז), Ju 7:20 1 S 15:27 2 S 1:11 1 K 1:50; 2:28 2 K 2:12; 4:27 Is 4:1 Zc 8:23^(×2) Pr 7:13; 26:17, cf. also Ju 19:25, 29 2 Ch 28:15; with violence Dt 22:25; 25:11 1 S 17:35 (perhaps pf. consec. freq., v. Dr), 2 S 2:16; 13:11; sq. לְ 2 S 15:5; fig. take hold in order to lead one (subj. י׳) sq. בְּ Je 31:32, c. acc. Is 41:9, 13; cf. Is 51:18 (בְּ; ‖נֵהֵל); sq. acc. Na 3:14 take hold of the brick-mould, Je 6:23 = 50:42, Zc 14:13 (with violence), ψ 35:2 Ne 4:10, 11, seize the kingdom Dn 11:21; in metaph. Mi 4:9 (הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ חִיל), Je 6:24; 8:21; 49:24 (v. Gie), 50:43; of pious laying hold of י׳, sq. בְּ Is 64:6, cf. 27:5; 56:2, 4, 6; of other gods 1 K 9:9 = 2 Ch 7:22; laying hold of wisdom Pr 3:18, cf. 4:13 Jb 2:3, 9; 27:6 Je 8:5. b. have or keep hold of, sq. בְּ Ju 16:26 2 S 3:29 Je 50:33 Ne 4:15. c. hold up, sq. בְּ, fig. = sustain, support Lv 25:35; of י׳ holding his servants Is 42:6; 45:1, cf. Jb 8:20; v. also pt. used substantively Dn 11:1 (‖ מָעוֹז), v 6 (‖ מֵבִיא, יֹלֵד); of Ne. holding fast to (בְּ) his work Ne 5:16; cf. of wicked, holding to his house Jb 8:15; cleave or cling to (על) one’s brethren Ne 10:30. hence d. keep, retain, sq. בְּ Ex 9:2 (J), Ju 7:8; 19:4; so Ez 7:13 Sm Co (MT Hithp.); sq. anger (acc.) Mi 7:18. e. hence also hold, contain, sq. acc. 2 Ch 4:5.

†Hithp. (especially Ch) Pf. הִתְחַזַּק 2 Ch 13:7 + 3 times, etc.; Impf. וַיִּתְחַזֵּק Gn 48:2 + 7 times; וַיִּתְחַזַּק 2 Ch 21:4; 32:5; יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Ez 7:13 (but Sm Co read Hiph.), etc.; Imv. הִתְחַזַּק 1 K 20:22; הִתְחַזְּקוּ 1 S 4:9; Inf. cstr. לְהִתְחַזֵּק 2 Ch 13:8; 16:9; Pt. מִתְחַזֵּק 2 S 3:6 Dn 10:21; pl. מִתְחַזְּקִים 1 Ch 11:10;— 1. strengthen oneself 2 S 3:6 1 K 20:22 2 Ch 1:1; 12:13; 13:21; 21:4; 23:1; 25:11; 27:6; sq. עַל against 2 Ch 17:1; gain strength Ezr 7:28 Dn 10:19, cf. הִתְח׳ ביהוה 1 S 30:6; fig. = take courage 2 Ch 15:8. 2. put forth strength, use one’s strength Gn 48:2 (i.e. he exerted himself, he sat up by a great effort), Nu 13:20 Ju 20:22 1 S 4:9 2 S 10:12 1 Ch 19:13 2 Ch 32:5. 3. sq. לִפְנֵי withstand 2 Ch 13:7, 8. 4. sq. עִם hold strongly with 1 Ch 11:10 Dn 10:21, cf. of י׳, להתח׳ עִם לְבָבָם שָׁלֵם אֵלָיו 2 Ch 16:9.—For יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Ez 7:13 read Hiph., v. Sm Co Da.

† חָזָק adj. strong, stout, mighty;—ח׳ Ex 10:19 + 18 times; f. חֲזָקָה Ex 3:19 + 31 times + Ez 3:14 (Co for MT vb. 3 fs.); pl. חֲזָקִים Ju 18:25 + 2 times; cstr. חִזְקֵי Ez 2:4 (del. Co v. infr.) 3:7;—

1. strong: a. of men, rarely pred. Nu 13:18 (opp. רָפֶה), v 31 (compar. c. מִן), Jos 14:11; 17:18 (all JE), Ju 18:26 (compar. c. מִן); also of גֹּאֲלָם Je 50:34 Pr 23:11; of hand of י׳ Jos 4:24 (D), so Ez 3:14 𝔊 Co (v. supr. and חָזַק Qal 3); cf. of Tyre הָֽיְתָה חֲזָקָה בַּיָּם Ez 26:17 (del. B Co). b. usually attrib.; of arm of Pharaoh Ez 30:22 (opp. נִשְׁבָּ֑רֶת); especially of hand of י׳ in delivering Isr. from Egypt, Ex 3:19 (gloss? v. Di), 6:1^(×2); 13:9 (all J), Dt 6:21; 7:8; 9:26 Dn 9:15; in wonders done by agency of Moses Dt 34:12; also בְּכֹחַ גָּדוֹל וּבְיָד חֲזָקָה Ex 32:11 (JE), cf. Ne 1:10, but oftener ביד חזקה וּבִזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Dt 4:34; 5:15; 7:19; 11:2; 26:8 Je 32:21 ψ 136:12; of control of enemies and deliverance from exile Ez 20:33, 34; more gen. Dt 3:24 (‖ גָּדְלְךָ), 1 K 8:42 = 2 Ch 6:32; of י׳’s opposition to Zedekiah Je 21:5; once of Edom, opp. Isr. בעם כבד וביד חזקה Nu 20:20 (JE). c. of sword of י׳ Is 27:1 (‖ הַקָּשָׁה וְהַגְּדוֹלָה), of wind Ex 10:19 (J), 1 K 19:11; sound of trumpet (= loud) Ex 19:16 (E). d. severe, sharp, hot, of war 1 S 14:52 (pred.), battle 2 S 11:15, sickness 1 K 17:17 (pred.), famine 18:2. e. firm, hard, of face, פנים Ez 3:8, forehead, מֵצַח v 8; adamant, sim. of forehead v 9 (compar., c. מִן); of sky Jb 37:18 (pred.) In pl. cstr. ח׳ לֵב Ez 2:4 hard of heart (‖ קְשֵׁי פָנִים) but om. B Co, ח׳־מֵצַח 3:7 hard (= impudent) of forehead (‖ קְשֵׁי־לֵב).

2. as subst., a strong one, of י׳ (בְּחָזָק, as, in the character of, a strong one) Is 40:10; of י׳’s agent Is 28:2 (‖ אַמִּץ); v. also וְחָזָק לֹא יְאַמֵּץ כֹּחוֹ Am 2:14; c. מִן comp. = one too strong for Je 31:11 ψ 35:10. In Ez 34:16 MT uses הח׳ in bad sense (‖ הַשְּׁמֵנָה), 𝔊 Co, with diff. text, in good sense. (v. VB).

חָזֵק adj.verb. v. חָזַק Qal Pt.

† [חֵ֫זֶק] n.[m.] strength, only י׳ חִזְקִי ψ 18:2 (om. by error ‖ 2 S 22:2 where 𝔊L ἰσχύς μου). (De al. der. from חֹזֶק, but [חֶזְקָה] favours חֵזֶק).

† [חֶזְקָה] n.f. strength, force (strictly Inf. form from חזק v. Ges^{§ 45. 1 b})—

1. of urgency of י׳’s hand in prophetic inspiration בְּחֶזְקַת הַיָּד֑ Is 8:11 (cf. חָזַק Ez 3:14).

2. of royal power כְּחֶזְקָתוֹ 2 Ch 12:1; 26:16 (‖ חָזַק v 15), Dn 11:2.

† חֹ֫זֶק n.m. strength;—ח׳ cstr. Ex 13:3 + 3 times; חָזְקֵנוּ Am 6:13;—

1. of י׳, ח׳ יַד Ex 13:3, 14, 16 (all JE).

2. national strength Am 6:13 Hg 2:22.

† חָזְקָה n.f. strength, force, violence, always בְּחָזְקָה, with strength, force, etc.;—

1. of oppression Ju 4:3 forcibly, violently; capture by force 1 S 2:16; Ez 34:4 of ruling בְּח׳ וּבְפָ֑רֶךְ with force and with rigour.

2. rebuke severely, sharply Ju 8:1; cry mightily, insistently Jon 3:8.—לְחָזְקָה 2 K 12:13 v. חָזַק Qal Inf.

† חִזְקִי n.pr.m. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:17, 𝔊 Αζακ(ε)ι; 𝔊L Εζεκια.

חִזְקִיָּ֫הוּ, חִזְקִיָּה, יְחִזְקִיָּ֫הוּ, יְחִזְקִיָּה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath strengthened, י׳ strengtheneth; = Assyrian Ḫazaḳi(i)au, Schr ^COT on 2 K 18:1 ff., Jäger ^{BAS i, 469}; cf. n.pr. יחזק on seal Gann ^{JAs 1883 Feb.–Mar., 134 No. 7};—on format. v. Lag^{BN 134})—

1. 𝔊 Εζεκιας, son of Ahaz, King of Judah, seldom †חִזְקִיָּה 2 K 18:1, 10, 14^(×2), 15, 16^(×2), also אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Pr 25:1 †; elsewhere in 2 K (except 20:10) חִזְקִיָּהוּ: 16:20; 18:9 + 34 times, 2 K 18–21 ‖ Is 36:1 + 31 times, Is 36–39; also †Je 26:18, 19 1 Ch 3:13 2 Ch 29:18, 27; 30:24; 32:15; in Ch usually יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ 1 Ch 4:41 2 Ch 28:27 + 35 times 2 Ch 29–33; also 2 K 20:10 Je 15:4, and in title Is 1:1; †יִחִזְקִיָּה Ho 1:1 Mi 1:1 †(if י in these three be not textual error for וְ).

†2. חִזְקִיָּה great-great-grandfather of proph. Zephaniah Zp 1:1, 𝔊 τοῦ Εζεκιου, perhaps = 1.

†3. 𝔊 Εζεκια(ς), חִזְקִיָּה man of royal Davidic line 1 Ch 3:23 prob. near time of Chr.

†4. יְחִזְקִיָּה, 𝔊 Εζεκια(ς), head of a family of returned exiles Ezr 2:16 = חִזְקִיָּה Ne 7:21, cf. also ח׳ Ne 10:18.

†5. יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ 𝔊 Εζεκιας, an Ephraimite, Ahaz’s time 2 Ch 28:12.

† יְחֶזְקֵאל n.pr.m. (God strengtheneth, cf. foreg.; v. Lag^{BN 134})—

1. the well-known priest and prophet, son of Buzi, 𝔊 Ιεζεκιηλ, Ez 1:3; 24:24.

2. priest of 19th course (assigned to David’s time) 1 Ch 24:16, 𝔊 Εζεκηλ, 𝔊L (20th course, cf. A) Ιεζεκιηλ.

יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ, יְחִזְקִיָּה v. חִזְקִיָּהוּ supr.

חזר (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; perhaps cf. Arabic خَزَرَ the eye was or became narrow, small, Lane^{731 c}; hence narrow-eyed animal).

† חֲזִיר n.m. ^{ψ 80:14} swine, boar (NH id.; Aramaic חֲזִירָא, ܚܙܺܝܪܳܐ; Arabic خِنْزِيرٌ (Aramaic loan-wd. according to Frä ¹¹⁰, yet v. Lag^{BN 113}); Ethiopic ኀንዚር (only once; = wild boar), v. Hom^{NS 319 f. 358, 385})—always st. abs., 4 times c. art. הַח׳;—

1. swine, forbidden as food Lv 11:7 (P), Dt 14:8, cf. בְּשַׂר הַח׳ Is 65:4; 66:17, and דַּם־ח׳ 66:3 as heathen offering (RS^{Sem i, 272.325.338.392}); with implication of repulsiveness נֶזֶם זָהָב בְּאַף ח׳ Pr 11:22 sim. of fair woman with dub. character.

2. wild boar ח׳ מִיָּ֑עַר ψ 80:14 fig. of foes of Isr. (in fig. of vineyard).

† חֵזִיר n.pr.m. (cf. inscr. in RA ^{1867, pl. 7}, Dr^{Sm xxiii}; Nö ^{ZMG 1886, 162} ‘pointing ֵto avoid offence;’ but Nbr ^{Acad. 1887, Dec. 17} comp. Talm & 𝔗 (חַזּוּרָא, חֵיזוּר, חֲזוּרָא etc.) pomegranate (and apple; Syriac ܚܰܙܘܽܪ, ܚܰܙܘܽܪܳܐ), cf. בְּנֵי רִמּוֹן 2 S 4:2, 5, 9)—

1. a priest of 17th course (assigned to David’s time) 1 Ch 24:15; 𝔊 Χηζειν (16th, v 14), but A Ιεζειρ, 𝔊L Χηζειρ.

2. one of those sealed Ne 10:21; 𝔊 Ηζειρ, 𝔊L Αζηρ.

† יַחְזֵרָה n.pr.m. 1 Ch 9:12 cf. אֲחַזְיָהוּ p. 28 b.

חַח, חָח v. sub חוח.

† חָטָא₂₃₈ vb. miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (NH id.; Aramaic חֲטָא, ܚܛܳܐ; Assyrian ḫaṭû, Zim^{BP 46}; Sab. חֿטא, החֿטא, id., DHM in MV; Arabic خَطِىَٔ do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; ii. make to miss the mark; iv. miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic ኀጥአ fail to find or have; sometimes sin, especially in deriv.)—

Qal Pf. ח׳ Ex 32:31 + 29 times, 3 fs. חָֽטְאָה Lv 5:15 La 1:8, חָטָ֑אָה Je 50:14 Ez 16:15, חָטָאת Ex 5:16, etc., + 82 times Pf.; Impf. יֶחֱטָא Lv 4:3 + 12 times, תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Ex 20:20 ψ 4:5, etc. + 20 times Impf.; Inf. חֲטֹא Ez 3:21 + 8 times, מֵחֲטוֹא ψ 39:2, מֵחֲטוֹ (textual error for מחטא) Gn 20:6, בְּחֶטְאָה Nu 15:28, חֲטֹאתוֹ Ez 33:12 (del. Co); Pt. חוֹטֵא Pr 13:22 + 6 times, חֹטֵא Is 1:4 Ec 9:2, חוֹטֶא Is 65:20 + 2 times, חֹטֶא Ec 8:12, sf. חֹטְאִי Pr 8:36, pl. חֹטִ֯אֿים 1 S 14:33, sf. חֹטֵאת Ez 18:4, 20;— 1. miss: לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Jb 5:24, אָץ בְּרַגְלַיִם חוֹטֵא Pr 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ Pr 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opp. מֹצְאִי); miss, i.e. endanger, one’s life Pr 20:2 Hb 2:10 according to De VB (others sub 3 q.v.) 2. sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty: a. against man, abs. Ex 5:16 (E), 1 S 26:21 2 S 19:21 1 K 18:9 2 K 18:14; with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, Gn 40:1 (E), Ju 11:27 1 S 2:25; 19:4; 24:12, 1 K 8:31 = 2 Ch 6:22; מה חטאתי לך wherein have I sinned against thee? Gn 20:9 (E) Je 37:18; with בְּ, אל תחטאו בילד Gn 42:22 (E) do not sin against the lad, against David 1 S 19:4, 5. b. elsewhere always against God, abs. Ex 20:20 (E), 9:34 (J) Jos 7:11 (D) Lv 4:3; 5:1, 11, 17, 21, 23 Nu 16:22 (P), Ne 6:13 Jb 1:5, 22; 7:20; 10:14; 24:19; 35:6 ψ 4:5; 78:32 Is 43:27; 64:4 Je 2:35 La 5:7 Ez 3:21^(×2); 16:51; 28:16; 33:12 Ho 8:11 (del. We ^{Kl. Proph.}), v 11 10:9; 13:2; לא נתתי לחטא חכי I have not permitted my palate to sin Jb 31:30; Pt. חֹטֵא, used as adj., sinful nation Is 1:4, sinful person Ez 18:4, 20; but usually as noun, sinner Pr 11:31; 13:22; 14:21 Ec 2:26; 7:26; 8:12; 9:2, 18 Is 65:20. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned Nu 14:40; 21:7 (E) Ju 10:15 1 S 12:10, 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Ne 1:6 ψ 106:6 La 5:16 Dn 9:5, 15; חטאתי I have sinned Ex 9:27 Nu 22:34 (J) 1 S 15:24, 30 2 S 24:10, 17 1 Ch 21:8, 17 Jb 33:27. Sin is universal: אין אדם אשׁר לא יחטא there is no man who sinneth not 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36, כי אדם אין צדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב ולא יחטא Ec 7:20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God Gn 20:6 (E), 39:9 (J), Ex 32:33 Nu 32:33 (both JE), Dt 9:16; 20:18 1 S 2:25; 12:23; 14:33, 34, 1 K 8:33, 35, 46, 50 = 2 Ch 6:24, 26, 36, 39, 2 K 17:7 Ho 4:7 Mi 7:9 Zp 1:17 Je 40:3; 44:23; 50:7, 14 Ez 14:13 Is 42:24 Jb 8:4 ψ 78:17; 119:11 Ne 1:6; in confession חטאתי ל Ex 10:16 Jos 7:20 (J), 2 S 12:13 ψ 41:5; 51:6; חטאנו ל Dt 1:41 Ju 10:10 1 S 7:6 Je 3:25; 8:14; 14:7, 20 Dn 9:8, 11; with בְּ of instr., lips Jb 2:10, tongue ψ 39:2; wherein Ez 37:23 Lv 4:23 (P), therein Lv 5:22 (P); ellipsis of בְּ in phrase עונם אשׁר ח׳ לי (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me Je 33:8^(×2); בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly Lv 4:2, 22, 27; 5:15 Nu 15:27, 28 (all P); against thy judgments Ne 9:29; with עַל, with regard to Lv 5:5 Nu 6:11 (P) Ne 13:26; with cognate acc. ח׳ חֲטָאָה Ex 32:30, 31 (JE); חַטָּאת אשׁר ח׳ Nu 12:11 (J) Lv 4:3, 28^(×2), 35; 5:6, 10, 13 (all P) 19:22^(×2) (H), Dt 9:18 1 K 14:16, 22; 15:30; 16:13, 19 2 K 21:17 Ez 18:24; 33:16; חטאת אשׁר ח׳ ל Je 16:10 Ne 1:6; חטאת אשׁר ח׳ על Lv 4:14 (P); חֵטְא ח׳ La 1:8; חֵטְא אשׁר ח׳ Dt 19:15. 3. incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימים Gn 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, cf. 44:32 (J); c. acc. חוֹטֵא נפשׁ for feiting one-self, one’s life Pr 20:2 Hb 2:10 according to most, yet v. sub 1.—והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח׳ Lv 5:7, he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; קרבנו אשׁר ח׳ Lv 5:11; את אשׁר ח׳ מן־הקדשׁ ישׁלּם v 16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay.

Pi. Pf. חִטֵּא Lv 14:52; sf. חִטְּאוֹ Nu 19:19, חִטֵּאתָ Ex 29:36 + 2 times; 3 pl. חִטְּאוּ Ez 43:22^(×2); Impf. וַיְחַטֵּא Lv 8:15; sf. וַיְחַטְּאֵהוּ Lv 9:15, תְּחַטְּאֵנִי ψ 51:9, אֲחַטֶּנָּה Gn 31:39, וַיְחַטְּאוּ 2 Ch 29:24; Inf. חַטֵּא Lv 14:49 Ez 43:23; Pt. הַמְחַטֵּא Lv 6:19;— 1. bear loss: אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה I bare the loss of it Gn 31:39 (E; lit. I counted it missing? poss. read אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it?). 2. make a sin-offering: c. sf. referring to שׂעיר Lv 9:15 (P); to sin-offering Lv 6:19 (P); על המזבח upon the altar Ex 29:36 (P; not cleanse the altar RV); ח׳ את דמם המזבחה 2 Ch 29:24 made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar. 3. purify from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, Lv 8:15 (P), Ez 43:20, 22^(×2), 23; the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering Ez 45:18. 4. purify from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird Lv 14:49, 52 (P); a person, by application of the mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer Nu 19:19 (P), by sprinkling with a hyssop sprig ψ 51:9.

Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱטִיא 1 K 14:16 + 17 times, הֶחֶטִי֯ (Kt error for החטִיא) 2 K 13:6; sf. הֶחֱטִיאָם 2 K 17:21; pl. הֶחֱטִיאוּ 1 K 16:13 Ne 13:26; Impf. יַחֲטִא Ju 20:16 2 K 21:11; תַּחֲטִיא Dt 24:4; וַתַּחֲטִא 1 K 16:2; 21:22; pl. יַחֲטִיאוּ Ex 23:33; Inf. הַחֲטִיא Ec 5:5 1 K 16:19 Je 32:35 (Qr), הַחֲ֯טִי Je 32:35 (Kt error); Pt. pl. cstr. מַחֲטִיאֵי Is 29:21;— 1. miss the mark: קֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶל־הַשַּׂעְרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא Ju 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss. 2. induce or cause to sin: with acc. Ex 23:33 (JE), Ne 13:26; elsewhere in the phrase החטיא את ישׂראל (he) caused Israel to sin 1 K 14:16; 15:26, 30, 34; 16:2, 13, 19, 26; 21:22; 22:53; 2 K 3:3; 10:29, 31; 13:2, 6, 11; 14:24; 15:9, 18, 24, 28; 23:15; c. sf. ref. to Isr. 2 K 17:21; את יהודה 2 K 21:11, 16 Je 32:35 (sometimes c. 2nd acc.—חטאת, or אשׁר ref. to חטאת:—1 K 15:26, 34; 16:26 2 K 17:21; 21:16; prob. also 1 K 14:16; 15:30; 16:13; no 2nd acc. 1 K 16:2, 19; 21:22; 22:53 2 K 21:11; 23:15 Je 32:35; the rest are ambiguous). 3. bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדם Is 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation; לא תחטיא את הארץ Dt 24:4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אל תתן את־פיך לחטיא את־בשׂרך Ec 5:5 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment.

Hithp. Impf. יִתְחַטָּא Nu 19:12 + 4 times, יִתְחַטְּאוּ Nu 8:21, יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Jb 41:17, תִּתְחַטְּאוּ Nu 31:19, תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Nu 31:20;— 1. miss oneself, lose oneself, fig. for be bewildered, beside oneself, מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Jb 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves (‖ יגורו are afraid). 2. purify oneself from uncleanness, only in P: a. Levites Nu 8:21. b. those in contact with the dead Nu 19:12, 13, 20; 31:19, 20; with בְּ, בְּמֵי נִדָּה Nu 31:23; by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water Nu 19:12.

† חֵטְא n.m. ^{Dt 15:9} sin (on format. v. Lag^{BN 142})—ח׳ Lv 19:17 + 15 times; sf. חֶטְאוֹ Lv 24:15 + 5 times, חֲטָאָו֯ La 3:39, חֶטְאָם Lv 20:20; pl. חֲטָאִים Ec 10:4; cstr. חֲטָאֵי 2 K 10:29 Ez 23:49; sf. חֲטָאַי Gn 41:9, חֲטָאָ֑י Is 38:17 ψ 51:11, חֲטָאֵינוּ Dn 9:16 ψ 103:10, חֲטָאֵיכֶם Is 1:18;—

1. sin: a. against man Gn 41:9 (E) Ec 10:4. b. elsewhere ag. God, abs. Is 31:7 Ho 12:9; ח׳ חָטָא La 1:8 cf. Dt 19:15 2 K 10:29; ח׳ משׁפט מות sin worthy of death Dt 21:22 = ח׳ מות 22:26; with בְּ, because of, Dn 9:16; God is entreated: hide thy face from my sins ψ 51:11; and it is said in faith, thou wilt cast behind thy back all my sins Is 38:17.