ח, Ḥêth, 8th letter; = numeral 8 in post BHeb.
[חֹב], חֻבִּי v. sub חבנ. below
† [חָבָא] vb. withdraw, hide (not in Qal); cf. also חבה (NH id.; Ar. خَبَأَ; Eth. xb0a As. ḫabû Dl:Pr 175; Targum Ethpa. hide oneself)—Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶחְבָּא Ju 9:5 + 1 S 10:22, 2 S 17:9 (both may be pt.); נַחְבֵּאתָ Gn 31:37; וְנַחְ׳ consec. 1 S 19:2; נֶעחבְּאוּ־ Jos 10:27; נֶחְבָָּאוּ Jb 29:8, 29:10; Impf. 2 ms. תֵּחָבֵא Jb 5:21; Inf. cstr. הֵחָבֵא 2 Ch 18:24, Dn 10:7; Pt. pl. (cf. also supr.) נֶחְבְּאִים Jos 10:17, etc.—hide oneself in fear Gn 3:10 (J), Jos 10:16, 10:17, 10:27 (all JE), Ju 9:5, 1 S 19:2, 2 S 17:9, Am 9:3, 2 Ch 18:24, Dn 10:7; from modesty 1 S 10:22; cf. Jb 29:8; also לָ֫מָּה נַחְבֵּאתָ לִבְרֹתַ Gn 31:27 (E), i.e. why didst thou flee secretly? pass., be hidden Jb 29:10 קול נְגִידִים נְחְבָָאוּ (‖ולשׁונם לְחִכָּם דָּבֵָקָה, cf. also v. 9) i.e. in reverence, = hushed (so we speak of a veiled voice); be hidden for protection בִּשׁוֹט לָשׁוֹן Jb 5:21. Pu. Pf. 3 pl. חֻבְּאוּ have been hidden (= are made to hide themselves, Di ad loc.) Jb 24:4. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הֶחְבִּיאָָנִי Is 49:2; 3 fs. הֶחְבְּאַ֔תָֹה Jos 6:17, cf. Ges:§ 75, Rem. 21 a Köi. 624 ff. etc.; Impf. וַיַּחְבִּיאֵם 1 K 18:4; 3 fs. וַתַּחְבִּא 2 K 6:29; וָאַחְבִּא 1 K 18:13; —hide, trans., c. acc. Jos 6:17, 6:25, 1 K 18:4, 18:13, 2 K 6:29; metaph., of divine protection Is 49:2 בְּחֵל יָדוֹ ה׳. Hoph. Pf. be hidden הָחְבָָּאוּ Is 42:22 (בְּבָתֵּי כלאים), i.e. imprisoned. Hithp. Pf. הִתְחַבְּאוּ 1 S 14:11; Impf. יִתְחַבֵּא 1 S 23:23; וַיִּתְ׳ Gn 3:8; יִתְחַבָָּאוּ Jb 38:30; וַיִּתְחַבְּאוּ 1 S 13:6; Pt. מִתְחַבֵּא 2 K 11:3 + 2 t.; מִתְחַבְּאִים 1 S 14:22, 1 Ch 21:20; —
1. draw back, hide oneself, usu. c. בְּ loc.; Gn 3:8 (J), 1 S 13:6, 14:11, 14:22, 23:23, 2 K 11:3, 1 Ch 21:20, 2 Ch 22:9, 22:12.
2. draw together, thicken, harden, of water becoming ice Jb 38:30 כאבן מים יִתְחַ׳.
† מַחֲבֵא n.[m.] hiding-place, only cstr. כְּמַחֲבֵא רוּחַ וְסֵתֶר זֶרֶם Is 32:2 hiding-place from wind.
† [מַחֲבֹא] n.[m.] id., pl. abs. מִכֹּל הַמַּחֲבֹאִים אשׁר יתחבא שׁם 1 S 23:23.
† [חָבַב] vb. love (NH Pi. id.; Ar. حَبَّ be loved; Eth. tah.ababa: amore alicujus incendi Di; Aram. ܚܰܒ kindle, be set on fire, ܚܰܒܶܒ, חַבֵּב love, embrace, חוּבָּא bosom)—Qal Pt. אַף חֹבֵב עַמִּים Dt 33:3 (Di rds. עַמּוֹ, cf. LXX).
† [חֹב] n.[m.] bosom (Aram.) לִטְמוֹן בְּחֻבִּי עֲוֹנִ֑י Jb 31:33 (cf. חֵיק).
† חֹבָב n.pr.m. (cf. Ph. n.pr. חב; We:Skizzen iii, 171. 217 suggests compar. with حُباب serpent)—son of Reuel, חֹתֵן of Moses (v. חתן), Nu 10:29 (J E), Ju 4:11; ins. ח׳ prob. also Ju 1:16, v. GFM.
† חֻבָּה n.pr.m. a descendant of Asher, 1 Ch 7:34 (rd. וְחֻבָּה, so Qr; > Kt יְחֻבָּה).
† [חָבָה] vb. withdraw, hide, cf. חבא;—Qal Imv. ms. חֲבִי Is 26:20 (Aram. form, Ol:§ 235, 3 Ew:§ 224 c Du; Di rds. חֲבֵּי = חֲבֵה), withdraw into privacy (‖בּאֹ בַחֲדָרֶיךָ). Niph. Pf. וְנֶחְבָּה consec. Je 49:10; לְנַחְבֵּתֶם consec. Jos 2:16 (JE); Inf. לְהֵחָבֵה (as אל) 1 K 22:25, 2 K 7:12; withdraw, hide oneself, lit. Jos 216 (JE), sq. שָׁמָּה; 2 K 7:12 c. בְּ loc.; 1 K 22:25; of Esau = Edom, hiding from judgment of י׳, וְנֶחְבָּה לאֹ יוּכָָּל Je 49:10, as pointed, meant no doubt as pf., but constr. then hard; rd. rather inf. abs. נַחְבֹּה; so Gf Gie al. (v. Kö:i. 624).
† חֶבְיוֹן n.[m.] hiding, hiding-place, or < veil, envelope, only cstr. עֻזּהֹ וְשָׁם ח׳ Hb 3:4 (< LXX SyrVer Hi-St Gr וְשָׂם and he maketh, cf. Ps 18:12).
† חֲבָיָה n.pr.m. head of a priestly family Ezr 2:61 = Ne 7:63 (van d. H. Ezr חֲבַיָּה; Ne חֳבָיָה, marg. חֳבַיָה; cf. Baer's note on Ezr 2:61; LXX Ezr Λαβεια, LXXL Ωδουια, A Οβαια, LXX Ne Εβεια, LXXL Αβια, א Αβεια).
חֲבַיָּה, חֳבָיָה v. foregoing. P. 285
יְחֻבָּה v. חֻבָּה sub חבב. p. 285
† נַחְבִּי n.pr.m. a Naphtalite, one of the Hebrew spies Nu 13:4 (P).
† [חָבַט] vb. beat off, beat out (NH id.; strike, beat, Ar. خَبَطَ, Aram. ܚܒܰܛ, חֲבַט)—Qal Impf. יַחְבֹּט Is 27:12; 3 fs. וַתַּחְבֹּט Ru 2:17; 2 ms. תַּחְבֹּט Dt 24:20; Pt. חֹבֵט Ju 6:11; —
1. beat off, זְיתְךָ Dt 24:20.
2. beat out (grain), Gideon חֹבֵט חִטִּים בַּגַּת Ju 6:11, so Ru 2:17, of small quantities;—distinct fr. threshing on open floor, with cattle; fig. of י׳'s judgment, and subsequent gathering of Isr. Is 27:12 (no obj. expr.), so Che Di Du; Ges Hi Kn Brd place sub 1; VB undecided. Niph. Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶט Is 28:27 fennel (קֵחַךְ) beaten out בַּמַּטֶּה.
חֲבָיָה, חֲבִיָּה, חֳבָיָה v. sub חבה. p. 285
חֶבְיוֹן v. sub חבה. p. 285
† I. [חָבַל] vb. bind, pledge (Ar. حَبَلَ bind; cf. Aram. ܚܒܰܠ, ܚܰܒܶܠ travail; חֲבַל pledge (but rare and dub.); esp. ܚܰܒܠܳܐ cord, field, חַבְלָא cord, ܚܶܒܠܳܐ, חֶבְלָא pain, esp. of travail; Sab. חבל border-territory, or field, Sab. Denkm.:48.49; Eth. h.abala: Zim:BP 93 n., comp. As. naḫbalu, rope, snare (but ḫ = خ))—Qal Pf. חָבָָל Ez 18:16 Impf. יַחֲבֹל Dt 24:6; 2 ms. תַּחֲבֹל Dt 24:17; תַּחְבֹּל Ez 22:25, Jb 22:6; יַחְבְּלוּ Jb 24:3; יַחְבָֹּלוּ Jb 24:9; Imv. sf. חַבְלֵהוּ Pr 20:16, 27:13; Inf. abs. חָבֹל Ex 22:25; Pt. act. חֹבֵל Dt 24:6, cf. חֹבְלִים Zc 11:7, 11:14 (name of מַקֵּל); pass. חֲבֻלִים Am 2:8; —
1. bind, only in חֹבְלִים, name of one of Zec.'s symbolic staves, Zc 11:7, 11:14 symbol. of fraternity. Esp.
2. bind by taking a pledge of, hold by a pledge, sq. acc. pers. Pr 20:16, 27:13, Jb 22:6; take or hold in pledge, sq. acc. rei Ex 22:25 ( JE), Dt 24:6, 24:6, 24:17, Jb 24:3; sq. acc. cogn. חֲבֹל Ez 18:16; עַל־עָנִי יַחְבָֹּלוּ Jb 24:9 prob. pregn. (v. Di) take pledges (getting power) over the poor; בְּגָדִים חֲבֻלִים Am 2:8 garments taken in pledge. Niph. Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Pr 13:13 becometh pledged to it (i.e. pledged to pay the penalty, opp. יְשֻׁלָָּם), so Ew Hi De Now Str RV:m VB. > sub II. חָבַל q. v. Pi. Pf. 3 fs. חִבְּלָה Ct 8:5; חִבְּלַתְךָ Ct 8:5; Impf. יְחַבֶּל־ Ps 7:15; —writhe, twist, hence travail; of mother Ct 8:5, 8:5 (c. acc. of child; ‖יְלָדָָתְךָ); metaph. of wicked man :יְחַבֶּל־אָָוֶן וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָֽׁקֶר Ps 7:15.
† I. חֶ֫בֶל n.m.:Jos 2:14 f.:† Zp 2:6 (but v. infr.) cord, territory, band; ח׳ abs. Jos 2:15 +; cstr. Dt 3:4 +, חֵ֫בֶל Jos 19:29; sf. חַבְלוֹ Jb 18:10; pl. חֲבָלִים 2 S 8:2 + 10 t. + Ez 47:13, Jb 21:7 v. infr.; cstr. חַבְלֵי Jos 17:5 + 5 t.; חֶבְלֵי Ps 116:3 + 2 t. + Ps 18:5 (rd. משׁברי v. infr.); sf. הֲבָלָָיִךְ Is 33:23; חֲבָלָיו Is 33:20; —
1. cord, rope, by which men were lowered Jos 2:15 (JE), Je 38:6, 38:11, 38:12, 38:13, or stones dragged 2 S 17:13; of tents Is 33:20; tackling of ship v:23; for binding Ez 27:24, Jb 40:25, Est 1:6; symbol of captivity or subjection 1 K 20:31, 20:32; fig. of snare for wicked Jb 18:10 (‖מַלְכֻּדְתּוֹ), set by wicked Ps 140:6 (‖פַּה); Ps 119:61 cords of wicked men have surrounded me; of wicked held בחבלי חַטָּאתוֹ Pr 5:22; ח׳ הָשָָּׁוְא Is 5:18 cords (ropes) of wickedness (‖כַּעֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה); of cords of distress (עָֹנִי) Jb 36:8 (‖וִקִּים); so חֶבְלֵי מָוֶת (prob.) Ps 116:3, חֶבְלֵי שׁאוֹל Ps 18:6 = 2 S 22:6 (‖מוֹקְשֵׁי מָוֶת);—for חֶבְלֵי מות Ps 18:5 rd. מִשְׁבְּרֵי, v. 2 S 22:5 and ‖נַחֲלֵי בְלִיַּעַל, De Che Bae; to draw בְּחַכְלֵי אָדָם Ho 11:4 (i.e. humanely, kindly); of cord of life חֶבֶל הַכֶּסֶף Ec 12:6.
2. measuring-cord, line מִדָּה ח׳ Zc 2:5; so ח׳ alone 2 S 8:2, 8:2, 8:2, Am 7:17, Mi 2:5, Ps 78:55; fig. (of favoured life) Ps 16:5; in gen. of one's portion, fortune Jb 21:17 acc. to Targum Thes Add. Ew Di al., but < v. חֵבֶל. Thence
3. measured portion, lot, part, region, נַחֲלָה ח׳ inherited portion Dt 32:9, 1 Ch 16:18 = Ps 105:11; also ח׳ alone Jos 17:5, 17:14, 19:9, Ez 47:13 (חבלים; Vulgate Targum rd. as dual, v. Ew Sm Da al.; Co del. on intern. grounds); of particular regions אַרְגֹּב ח׳ Dt 3:4, 3:13, 3:14, 1 K 4:13; אַכְזִיב ח׳ Jos 19:29 (si vera 1., v. WMM:Asien 194); הַיָּם ח׳ Zp 2:5; also v:6, but היתה ח׳ here dub.; Sta prop. 2 fs. הָיִת, and del. הים ח׳; without הים, v:7.
4. band, company of prophets 1 S 10:5, 10:10.—II. חֶבֶל v. sub II. חָבַל. p. 287
† חֵ֫בֶל n.m.:Is 66:7 (but v. Je 49:24) pain, pang;—ח׳ abs. Is 66:7; elsewh. pl. חֲבָלִים Is 13:8 + 3 t. + Jb 21:17 v. infr.; cstr. חֶבְלֵי Ho 13:13; sf. חֲבָלֶיהָ Is 26:17; חֶבְלֵיהֶם Jb 39:3 (on sf. v. Ges:§ 135, 5, R 1);—pain, pang:
1. pains of travail: a. obj. of תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Jb 39:3 meton. for off spring (‖יַלְדֵיהֶן; v. Di; of goats and hinds). b. sim. of distress of exiles Is 26:17; fig. of anguish of nations חִירִים וַחֲבָלִים יאֹחֵזוּן Is 13:8 (‖כַּיּוֹלֵדָה יְחִילוּן), also Je 13:21, 22:23, 49:24; of crisis of redemption Ho 13:13 (‖חֶבְלֵי יוֹלֵדָה), of birth of new Isr. Is 66:7.
2. of other than birth-pangs only חבלים Jb 21:17; pains, pangs, sorrows (so LXX Vulgate Thes,—otherwise Add.—RobGes Hi Da al.; ‖נֵר יִדְעָָךְ, יָבאֹ אֵידָם ); > others, portion, fortune, v. חֶבֶל. p. 286
† חֲבֹל n.[m.] pledge (as binding)—יָשִׁיב ח׳ Ez 18:12, 33:15; as cogn. acc. c. חָבַל Ez 18:16.
† [חֲבֹלָה] n.f. id. (on format. cf. Lg:BN 179)—חֲבֹלָתוֹ Ez 18:7.
† חִבֵּל n.[m.] prob. mast (as corded or roped in place; denom. fr. חֶבֶל)—only in sim. of drunken man שֹׁכֵב בְּראֹשׁ ח׳ Pr 23:24 (opp. שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם) i.e. in the lookout-basket at the mast-head, cf. Thes in carchesio.—LXX Vulgate read חֹבֵל.
† חֹבֵל n.m sailor (denom. fr. חֶבֶל; i.e. rope-puller)—חֹבְלֵי הַיָּם Ez 27:29; חֹבְלָָיִח Ez 27:8, 27:27, 27:28; coll. רַב הַחֹבֵל i.e. the captain Jon 1:6.
† חֹבְלִים n.[m.]pl. union (lit. binders) name of Zec.'s second symbolic staff Zc 11:7 and c. art. v:14. See חָבַל
1.
† [תַּחְבֻּלָה] n.f direction, counsel (prob. orig. of rope- pulling, i.e. steering, directing a ship, v. חֹבֵּל, so Thes; v. De Pr 1:5);—only pl. and only WisdLt. תַּחְבֻּלוֹת abs. Pr 1:5 + 3 t.; cstr. Pr 12:5; sf. תַּחבּוּלֽת֯ו Jb 37:12—direction, guidance (i.e. by God) Jb 37:12 (of thunder cloud); counsels of wicked (רשׁעים) Pr 12:5 (opp. מַחְשְׁבוֹת חדיקים); gen. good, wise counsels Pr 1:5; 11:14 (‖רֹב יועֵץ), 24:6 (‖ id.); 20:18 (‖עֵחָה).
II. חָבַל vb. act (ruinously) corruptly (NH id. wound, injure; Ar. خَبَلَ corrupt or render unsound (the mind, a limb, etc.), خَبِلَ be deranged (in mind); As. ḫabâlu, injure, VR:62, 11; Aram. ܚܰܒܶܠ, חַבֵּל corrupt, ruin; Eth. taxabala: be arrogant, audacious; Sab. חַבל DHM:Epigr. Denkim. 48; cf. Palm. חבל mortuus Vog:No. 161 and oft.)—Qal Pf. 1 pl. חָבַלְנוּ Ne 1:7; Impf. 1 s. אֶחְבֹּל Jb 34:31; Inf. cstr. (used as abs.) Ne 1:7; —act corruptly against, חֲרֹל חבלנו לְ Ne 1:7; abs. Jb 34:31. Niph. Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Pr 13:13 shall be ruined (לְ reflex.), Thes RobGes AV RV, but < I. חָבַל (q. v.) Pi. ruin, destroy: Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְחִבֵּל את מעשׂה ידיך Ec 5:5, subj. God. Impf. 3 fs. תְּחַבֵּל וְחֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Mi 2:10 that destroyeth, even with sore destruction; but rd. rather נ׳ תְּחֻבְּלוּ ח׳ ye shall be destroyed with etc., so LXX Roorda Che. Inf. cstr. לְחַבֵּל c. acc., the poor Is 32:7, the land 13:5; abs. 54:16; cf. Pt. pl. מְחַבְּלִים Ct 2:15 c. acc. of foxes ruining vineyards. Pu. Pf. 3 ms. וְחֻבַּל consec. Is 10:27 of yoke, be ruined, broken, si vera l.; RS:JPh xiii. 1885, p. 62 prop. יחדל, cf. also Che:crit. n.; and rem. by Di Du; 3 fs. חֻבָָּלָה Jb 17:1 my spirit is broken (‖יָמַי נִזְעָָכוּ); Impf. 2 mpl. תְּחֻבְּלוּ Mi 2:10 (emend.: v. supr.)
† II. חֶ֫בֶל n.m. destruction—חֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Mi 2:10; cf. II. חָבַל Pi. above
† חֲבַצֶּלֶת n.f meadow-saffron or crocus (colchicum autumnale, Linn.) (Syr. ܚܰܡܨܰܠܳܝܬܳܐ, v. GES:Comm. Is 35:1 Löw:p. 174, No. 128; As. ḫabaṣillatu VR:32, 62 is a marsh-plant, reed; cf. Zim:BP 59 Dl:HA 34; Pr 82; also Che:l. c. and crit. n.);—הַשָּׁרוֹן ח׳ שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים Ct 2:1 (fig. of Shulamite), וְתָגֵל :עֲרָבָה וְתִפְרַח כַּחֲבַצָּֽלֶת Is 35:1 (narcissus Che:Is 35:1 cf. Conder:PEF, 1878, 46 Tristr:NHB 476 al.)
† חֲבַצִּנְיָה n.pr.m a Rechabite Je 35:3, LXX Χαβασ(ε)ιν.
† [חָבַק] vb. clasp, embrace (NH id.; Targum חַבֵּק; Mand. ܚܒܰܩ, NSyr. ܚܦܩ; Ar. حَبَقَ II. collect one's possessions, etc., Frey)—Qal Inf. לַחֲבוֹק Ec 3:5; Pt. חֹבֵּק Ec 4:5; חֹבֶקֶת 2 K 4:16; —embrace, c. acc. בֵּן 2 K 4:16; יָדָיו Ec 4:5 (said of הַכְּסִיל = fold his arms, i.e. be idle; cf. חִבֻּק); no obj. expr. Ec 3:5 (‖ Pi ). Pi. Pf. חִבְּקוּ Jb 24:8, La 4:5; Impf. וַיְחַבֵּק Gn 48:10; וַיְחַבֶּק־ Gn 29:13; וַיְחַבְּקֵהוּ Gn 33:4; 3 fs. sf. תְּחַבְּקֵ֫נִי Ct 2:6, 8:3; 2 ms. וּתְחַבֵּק Pr 5:20, sf. תְּחַבְּקֶ֫נָּה Pr 4:8; Inf. חַבֵּק Ec 3:5; —embrace of pers., no obj. עת לִרְחֹק מֵחַבֵּק Ec 3:5 (‖ Qal); sq. לְ Gn 29:13 (J), 48:10 (E); sq. sf. 33:4 (J), Pr 4:8, Ct 2:6, 8:3; c. acc. Pr 5:20; embrace חוּר for want of shelter Jb 24:8 (of poor); embrace refuse-heaps אשׁפתות La 4:5, i.e. are outcasts.
† חִבֻּק n.[m.] a clasping, folding of the hands, only cstr. יָדַיִם לִשְׁכָָּכ מְעַט ח׳ Pr 6:10, 24:33 (cf. חָבַק Qal).
† חֲבַקּוּק n.pr.m the prophet Habakkuk Hb 1:1, 3:1; LXX ̓Αμβακουμ (As. ḫambaḳûḳu is name of a plant, Dl:HA 36, Pr 84, so حبقبق inYemen (Schweinfurth) v. Hom:Aufsätze u. Abh. 1892, 27, 28).
† [חָבַר] vb. unite (usu. intr.), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm (NH id.; Eth. xbari: yet As. [abâru], ubburu bind, ban (of spells), êbru, friend, and many deriv., Dl:W 51 ff.; Aram. ܚܰܒܰܪ חַבֵּר and many deriv.; cf. Ph. n. חבר associate)—Qal Pf. 3 mpl. חָֽבְרוּ Gn 14:3 Pt. act. m. חֹבֵר Dt 18:11, חוֹבֵר Ps 58:6; fpl. חֹבְרֹת Ex 26:3, 26:3 + 2t. + Ez 1:9 (cf. infr.), חוֹבְרוֹת Ez 1:11; Pt. pass. cstr. חֲבוּר Ho 4:17 (yet. v. infr.);—
1. unite, be joined: a. of allies, sq. אֶלֹ־ loc. Gn 14:3, constr. praegn. = came as allies unto; pt. pass. fig. חֲבוּר עֲחַבִּים אֶפְרָ֖יִם Ho 4:17 Ephr. is joined to idols (but We rds. חבר, v. חבֵר 2 d, and cf. חֲבֵרָיו Is 44:11, חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Mal 2:14). b. of one thing reaching to, touching another; wings of Ezek.'s living creatures sq. אֶל־ rei, Ez 1:9 (del. LXX B Co, but v. Sm); cf. אישׁ ת׳, v:11, i.e. joining each one (trans.), < LXX SyrVer Co אשׁה ח׳ אל־אחותה (as v:9), united each to the other; so of curtains of tabernacle, sq. אֶל־ rei Ex 26:3, 26:3; abs. joined together, of shoulderpieces of ephod Ex 28:7 (all P; cf. also Pu).
2. tie magic knots, charm(RS:JPh xiv.1885,123 thinks mng. charm is der. fr. nectere verba, and comp. Ar. خَبَر, narrative); only c. acc. cogn. חָָבֶר ה׳ Dt 18:11 (in a long series of kindred phrases), specif. of charming serpents Ps 58:6 (‖מְלַחֲשִׁים). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. חִבַּר Ex 36:10; 2 ms. וְחִבַּרְתָּ֫ Ex 26:6 + 2 t.; Impf. וַיְחַבֵּר Ex 36:10 + 2 t.; sf. וַיְחַבְּרֵהוּ 2 Ch 20:36; Inf. cstr. לְחַבֵּר Ex 36:l8;—1. make an ally of unite one with, only ויחברהו עִמּוֹ 2 Ch 20:36 and he united him with himself, sq. Inf. purpose. 2. unite, join (trans.), only Ex (P), of tabern., obj. the curtains, sq. acc. + אֶל־ rei Ex 26:6, 36:10, 36:10, 36:13; . sq. acc. only 26:9, 36:16; obj. את־האהל join the tent together, 26:11, 36:18. Pu. Pf. 3 ms חֻבָָּר Ex 39:4, וְחֻבָָּר consec Ex 28:7 (but v. infr.) 3 fs. שֶׁחֻבְּרָה־ Ps 122:3; Impf. 3 ms. יְחֻבַּר Ec 9:4 Qr (Kt יבחרv. infr.); sf. הַיְחָבְרְךָ Ps 94:20 (Kö:i. 257 f.; Ges Ew Bö De al. as Qal;—1.a. be allied with thee (sf. ref. to י׳) Ps 94:20; b. be united to = be one of, אל כל־ מי אשׁר יְח׳ הַחַיִּם whoever is united to all the living (Kt יבחר is meaningless). 2. be joined together, of ephod עַל־שְׁנֵי קְחוֹותָו ח׳ Ex 39:4 by its two edges was it joined together; cf. ‖ 28:7 (where MT אֶל־שְׁנֵי קְחוֹתיו וְחֻבָָּר < LXX Sam which rd. ק׳ עַל־שׁ׳ יְחֻבָָּר); ־לָתּעִיר שֶׁח׳ Ps 122:3 joined together for itself i.e. compactly built (of Jerusalem). Hiph. Impf 1 s. אַחְבִּ֫ירָה עליכם בְּמִלִּים Jb 16:4 I could make a joining with words (i.e. join words together RV VB) against you. Hithp. (late) Pf. אֶתְחַבֵּר (Ges:§ 54 1 n.) 2 Ch 20:35; Impf. יִתְחַבָָּרוּ Dn 11:6; Inf. sf. הִתְחַבֶּרְךָ 2 Ch 20:37; Aram. form הִתְחַבְּרוּת Dn 11:23 (Ges:§ 54, 3 R. 1)—join oneself to, make an alliance with, sq. עִם pers. 2 Ch 20:35, 20:37, sq. אֶל־ pers. Dn 11:23; recipr. league together (abs.) Dn 11:6.
† חֶ֫בֶר n.[m.] company, association, spell—abs. חָָבֶר Dt 18:11 + 2 t.; cstr. חֶבֶר Ho 6:9; pl. חֲבָרִים Ps 58:6, sf. חֲבָרַיִךְ Is 47:9, 47:11—
1. company, band of (bad) priests Ho 6:9.
2. association, society (abstr.), only in בֵּית חָָבֶר Pr 21:9 = 25:24 house of association, i. e. shared with a contentious woman (house in common, v.RVm VB).
3. spell : a. as acc. cogn. c. חָבַר (q. v.) Dt 18:11, Ps 58:6. b. alone, of Babylonian magic Is 47:9, 47:11 (v. Len Chald. Magic [l878]; Magie u. Wahrsage-kunst 1878; Scholz:Götzendienst u. Zauberwesen, 1877. 80 ff. Say:TBA iii. 145 ff and Rel,. Bab 396 ff., 440 ff.).
† II חֶ֫בֶר, חֵ֫בֶר n.pr.m. 1. חָבֶר (LXX Ξαβερ) the Kenite, husband of Deborah Ju 4:11, 4:17, 4:17, 4:21, 5:24. 2. a man of Asher חִבֶר Gn 46:17 (P) LXX Χοβωρ 1 Ch 7:31, 7:32 LXX Χαβερ LXXL Ιεχοβερ; חֵבֶר Nu 26:45 LXX Χοβερ; on poss. identif. with Ḫabiri of Tel el Amarna v Jastr:JBL 1892, xi. 118 ff. 1893, xii. 61 ff 3. חֶבֶר name in Judah 1 Ch 4:18 LXX Αβεισα, LXXL Αβερ. 4. חָָבֶר a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:17 LXX Αβαρ LXXL Αβερ.
† חֶבְרִי adj.gent. of 2 supr., only c. art. = n. coll. מִשְׁפַּחת הַחֶבְרִי Nu 26:45 (LXX Χοβερ(ε)ι).
† חֶבְרָה n.f association, company (abstr.); עִם פִּעֲלֵי אָוֶן וְאָרַה לְח׳ Jb 34:8 and he goeth for company with doers of wickedness (‖וְלָלֶכֶת עִם־אַנְשֵׁיאשֵׁי־רֶשַׁע).
† חָבֵר adj. and n.m Ct 8:13, united, associate, companion—ח׳ abs. Pr 28:24, Ps 119:68; sf. חֲבֵרוֹ Ec 4:10 (+ 3 t. Ez Kt; Qr חבריו v. infr.); pl. חֲבֵרִים Ju 20:11, Ct 8:13 cstr. חַבְרֵי Is 1:23; sf. חֲבֵרֶָךָ Ps 45:8, חֲבֵרֶָיךָ Ct 1:7; חֲבֵרָיו Is 44:11 + 3 t;. Ez Qr;—
1. adj. united כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד חֲבֵרִים Ju 20:11 knit together as one man (AV RV).
2. n. associate, fellow: a. of children (tribes) of Isr. assoc. with Judah as head Ez 37:16; id. assoc. with Joseph (Ephr.) as head v:16, v:19 (in all these rd. Qr חֲבֵרָיו). b. of like rank Ps 45:8 c. of like calling Ct 1:7. d. worshippers (associates, belonging to the society or guild) of idols Is 44:11 (v. Che; > others priests, Geiger umschr,121 493 SS, cf. חֶבֶר Ho 6:9; Du rds. חֲבָרִים enchantments). e. in gen. Ct 8:13. f. implying likeness of character Is 1:23, Pr 28:24, Ps 119:63.
3. companion at a particular time Ec 4:10.
† [חֲבֶ֫רֶת] n.f. consort, i.e. wife וְהִיא חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Mal 2:14 (‖אֵשֶׁת בְּרִיתֶָךָ).
† חֹבֶ֫רֶת n.f. a thing that joins or is joined, only of the curtain-pieces of the tabernacle, as joined together:—הַח׳ Ex 26:10, 36:17 בַּחֹבָָרֶת Ex 26:4, 26:10.
† [חַבָּר] n.m. associate, partner in a trade or calling, only יִכְרוּ עָלָיו חַבָּרִים Jb 40:30 will partners (i.e. those engaged in the catch) make traffic upon it (the crocodile)?
† חַבּוּרָה, [חַבֻּרָה, חֲבֻרָה] n.f. stripe, blow;—abs. הַבּ׳ Is 1:6 + 2 t.; sf. חַבֻּרָתִי Gn 4:23; חֲבֻרָתוֹ Is 53:5; pl. cstr. חַבֻּרוֹת Pr 20:30; sf. חַבּוּרֹתָָי Ps 38:6:—stripe, blow, stroke, Gn 4:23 my blow, i.e. for striking me (J), cf. Ex 21:25; 21:25 (JE), also of injury to land of Judah (under fig. of human body) Is 1:6 (all ‖פֶּחַע, v. infr.); of blows (sg. coll.) inflicted on suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:5; (pl.) Ps 38:6, חַבֻּרוֹת פֶּחַע Pr 20:30, i.e. blows that cut in (‖מַכּוֹת).
† [חֲבַרְבֻּרָה] n.f. stripe, mark, only pl. sf. חֲבַרְבֻּרֹתָיו Je 13:23 of stripes on a panther (tiger? cf. נָמֵר;—‖עוֹרוֹ of a Cushite).
† I. חֶבְרוֹן n.pr.loc. Hebron (association, league)—ח׳ Gn 13:18 +; c. ה loc. חֶבְרוֹנָה Jos 10:36 + 6 t.; חֶבְרֹ֫נָה 2 S 2:1; —LXX Χεβρων; mod. El-Ḫalîl (v. Rob:BR i. 213 f., ii. 73 ff. Guêrin:Judêe iii. 214 ff); ancient city in southern Judah, where (or near which) Abr. built an altar Gn 13:18 (J), and where was a sanctuary in Dvd.'s time 2 S 15:7, cf. בְּח׳ לפני י׳ 2 S 5:3 = 1 Ch 11:3; built 7 yrs. bef. Ṣoan in Egypt acc. to Nu 13:22b (JE); under a king Jos 10:3, 10:5, 10:23 (JE) 12:10 (D); assigned to Caleb Jos 14:13, 14:14 (JED) Ju 1:20 yet v. 1 Ch 6:40 (cf. v:41); older name קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע(הָ ) acc. to Jos 14:15 (JED), cf. Gn 23:2, 35:27, Jos 15:54, 20:7 (all P) Ju 1:10b; v. also Jos 15:13, 21:11 (both P); called also מַמְרֵא Gn 23:19 (and 35:27, both P); a city of refuge Jos 21:13 (P) = 1 Ch 6:42; עֵמֶק ח׳ Gn 37:14 (J); named elsewhere Nu 13:22a (JE) Jos 10:36, 10:39, 11:21 (all D) Ju 1:10a, 16:3, 2 S 2:32, 15:9, 2 Ch 11:10; a resort of David, and for 7 yrs. his royal city 1 S 30:31, 2 S 2:1, 2:11, 3:2, 3:5, 3:19, 3:20, 3:22, 3:27, 3:32, 4:1, 4:8, 4:12, 4:12, 5:1, 5:3, 5:13, 1 K 2:11, 1 Ch 3:1, 3:4, 11:1, 11:3, 12:24, 12:39 (van d. H. v:23, v:38) 29:27; rd. also perh. for תחתו 2 S 3:12, LXXL εἰς Χεβρων, cf. Dr; seat of Absalom's rebellion 2 S 15:10; עָרֵי ח׳ 2 S 2:3 abode of David's men.
II. חֶבְרוֹן n.pr.m. (LXX Χεβρων).
1. grandson of Levi Ex 6:18, Nu 3:19 (both P) = 1 Ch 5:28 = 6:3, 23:12, 23:19, cf. 15:9.
2. name in Caleb's family 1 Ch 2:42, 2:43.
† חֶבְרוֹנִי, חֶבְרֹנִי adj.gent. of II. חֶבְרוֹן 1:—alw. c. art. as subst. coll.; לַחברוני 1 Ch 26:23, 26:30, 26:31, 26:31; משׁפחת הַחברני Nu 3:27, 26:58.
† מַחְבֶּרֶת n.f. thing joined, place of joining;—abs. מ׳ Ex 26:4 + 3 t.; מַחְבָָּרֶת Ex 36:11, 36:17; sf. מַחְבַּרְתּוֹ Ex 28:27, 39:20; —
1. thing joined, of curtain-pieces of tabernacle (cf. חֹבֶרֶת), Ex 26:4, 26:5, 36:11, 36:11, 36:12.
2. place of joining: a. of the curtains Ex 36:17. b. of shoulder-pieces of the ephod Ex 28:27, 39:20 (all P).
† [מְחַבְּרָה] n.f. binder, clamp, joint, only pl. abs. מְחבְּרוֹת, of iron, clamps or the like, 1 Ch 22:3; of wood, binder, or coupling, 2 Ch 34:11.
† חָבוֹר n.pr.fl. called נְהַר גּוֹזָן 2 K 17:6 = 18:11; erron. 1 Ch 5:26 וְהָרָא וּנְהַר גּוֹזָן וְה׳; LXX (Χ)αβωρ, Gk. Χαβωρας, etc., Assyr. Ḫabur, flowing into Euphrates fr. E. (Dl:Pa 183 ff. KAT:2275. 614 COT:i. 267); v. גּוֹזָן.
חֲבֻרָתוֹ v. חַבּוּרָה supr.
† [חָבַשׁ] vb. bind, bind on, bind up (NH id.; As. abâšu, acc. to Dl:W 70, Pr 174; Ar. حَبَسَ confine, restrict; yet on As. ḫibšu ‘Kopfbinde’ (c. חַ), etc., v. Zehnpfund:BAS i. 499, 526; Aram. ܚܒܰܫ; cf. ܚܒܽܘܩܝܳܐ, חֲבוּשְׁיָא imprisonment, etc.)—Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְחָבַשְׁתָּ֫ Ex 29:9; 2 mpl. חֲבַשְׁתֶּם Ez 34:4; Impf. יַחֲבוֹשׁ Jb 34:17; וַיַּחֲבשׁ Gn 22:3 + 4 t.; וַיַּחֲבָשׁ־ 1 K 13:23; וְיֶחְבָָּשׁ Jb 5:18; וַיַּחְבְּשֵׁנוּ Ho 6:1; 3 fs. וַתַחֲבשׁ 2 K 4:24; אֶחֱבשׁ Ez 34:16; cohort. אֶחְבְּשָׁה־ 2 S 19:27 (but cf. infr.); וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁח Ez 16:10; וַיַּחְבְּשׁו־ 1 K 13:13; וִיַּחֲבָשׁו 1 K 13:27; Imv. חֲבשׁ Jb 40:13; חֲבוֹשׁ Ez 24:17; חִבשׁוּ 1 K 13:13, 13:27; Inf. cstr. חֲבשׁ Is 30:26, 61:1; לְחָבְּשָׁהּ Ez 30:21 (del. Co, cf. LXX). Pt. act. חֹבֵשׁ Is 3:7; pass. חָבוּשׁ Jon 2:6; חֲבוּשִׁים Ju 19:10; חֲבֻשִׁים 2 S 16:1, Ez 27:24; —
1. bind, bind on: a. headgear, c. acc. rei, לְ pers. Ex 29:9, Lv 8:13 (both P); c. לְ pers. Ez 24:17 (P); pass. of seaweeds clinging about head סוּף חָבוּשׁ לְראֹשִׁי Jon 2:6; c. sf. pers. et בְּ rei וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁח Ez 16:10 and I bound (or wound) about thee (i.e. thy head, Sm VB) שֵׁשׁ (in metaph. of י׳'s care for Jerus.; ‖אַלְבִּישֵׁח, אֶנְעֲלֵח); fig. of punishment for wicked פְּנֵיהֶם חֲבשׁ בממון Jb 40:13 bind their faces in darkness (‖טָמְנֵם בֶּעָפָר) v. Di. b. pass. prob. twined, twisted in חֲבָלִים חֲבֻשִׁים וַאֲרֻוִים Ez 27:24, cords twisted and strong, v. Sm Da. Esp. c. of equipping a beast for riding; ass, in acc. Gn 22:3, Nu 22:21 (both E), 2 S 17:23 & 19:27 (where however rd. לוֹ חָבְשָׁה־לִּי, so LXX SyrVer Vulgate Th We Dr), 1 K 2:40, 13:13, 13:13, 13:23, 13:27, 13:27 (v:27 b no dir. obj. expressed) 2 K 4:24; pass., also of asses, Ju 19:10, 2 S 16:1. d. fig. = restrain, control (Germ. bändigen), abs. Jb 34:17.
2. bind up, viz. a wound, usually in fig., of comforting the distressed, etc.; c. sf. pers. Ho 6:1 (‖ רָפָא, opp. הִכָּה); sq. לְ pers. לַחֲבשׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב Is 61:1; cf. Ez 34:4 (sq. לַנִּשְׁבֶּרֶת; ‖חִזֵּק, רִפֵּא), v:16 (sq. id.; ‖חִזֵּק); sq. acc. rei בְּיוֹם אֶת־שֶׁבֶר עַמּוֹ חֲבשׁ י׳ Is 30:26 (‖רָפָא); c. acc. of Pharaoh's broken arm Ez 30:21 (si vera l., v. supr.; cf. Pu.); abs. Jb 5:18; also Is 3:7 of repairing fortunes of people (opp. הִכְאִיב; ‖רָפָה = רָפָא). Pi. Pf. חִבֵּשׁ bind, restrain מִבְּכִי נהרות Jb 28:11; Pt. מְחַבֵּשׁ bind up לְעַחְבוֹתָם Ps 147:3. Pu. Pf. be bound up חֻבְּשָׁה Ez 30:21 (metaph.) Pharaoh's broken arm; חֻבָָּשׁוּ Is 1:6 (wounds of land of Judah).
חבת (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. خَبَتَ be obscure, IV. be lowly, submissive, خَبْتُ low ground).
† חֲבִתִּים n.[m.] pl. (NH id.)—some kind of flat cakes, or bread-wafers, only מַעֲשֵׂה הַח׳ 1 Ch 9:31.
† מַחֲבַת n.f. flat plate, pan, or griddle for baking, only P and late; abs. מ׳ Lv 2:5 + 2 t.; מַחֲבַָת Lv 7:9; cstr. מַחֲבַת Ez 4:3; —
1. used in preparing the (baken) mincha, preceded by עַל־ Lv 2:5, 6:14, 7:9 (all P), cf. 1 Ch 23:29.
2. בַּרְזֶל מ׳ Ez 4:3 a plate of iron, signifying an iron wall, in prediction of siege of city.
חָג, חָגָּא v. sub חגּגּ. below, p. 291
חגב (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; poss. cf. Ar. حَجَبَ prevent, intervene, hide, حِجَابُ that which veils, conceals, hides; Syr. ܚܽܘܓܒܳܐ shrine; hence locusts as concealing the sky?).
† I. חָגָב n.m.:Ec 12:5 locust, grasshopper (NH id.; cf. Targum), prob. a non-flying species, v. Kn in Di:Lv 11:22; הֶחָגָב allowed as food Lv 11:22 (P; ‖אַרְבֶּה, סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל), כַּחֲגָבִיס Nu 13:33 (JE; sim. of insignificance), so Is 40:22; as agent of Yahweh's wrath חָגָב לָאֱכוֹל חארץ 2 Ch 7:13; וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב Ec 12:5 and the grasshopper shall be a burden; better shall drag itself along, De Hi Now RV:m; De thinks ח׳ here fig. of the back part of the pelvic cavity (Ar. حَجَبَةُ is point of hip-bone, Bo, cf. Lane), and refers to stiffness of aged joints, so Now; but the meaning is dubious; v. other views of Comm.
† II. חָגָּב n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:46 LXX ̔Αγαβ (no ‖ in Ne 7 H; but LXXL Ne 7:48 has both Αγαβ and Αγαβα, cf. חֲגָבָא).
† חֲגָבָא n.pr.m. head of family of returning exiles Ne 7:48, LXX ̔Αγαβα (cf. also foregoing) prob. = following.
† חֲגָבָה n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:47, prob. = foregoing; LXX ̔Αγαβα.
† [חָגַג] vb. make pilgrimage, keep a pilgrim-feast (Ar. حَجَّ betake oneself to or towards an object of reverence; make a pilgrimage to Mecaa; Sab. חגג make pilgrimage Sab. Denkm.:86. cf. 85; Syr. ܚܰܓܺܝ celebrate a feast. In Palm. חגגו is n.pr. Vog:No. 61; cf. also Ph. n.pr. חגי, חנת);—Qal Pf. 2 mpl. חַגֹּתֶם Ex 12:14 + 2 t.; Impf. 2 ms. תָּחֹג Ex 23:14, Dt 16:15; 3 mpl. יָח֫וֹגּוּ Ps 107:27 (Bö:§ 1118 (2)); וְיָחֹ֫גּוּ Ex 5:1; 2 mpl. תָּחֹ֫גּוּ Lv 23:39, 23:41; sf. תְּחָגֻּ֫הוּ Ex 12:14; Imv. f. חָגִּי Na 2:1; Inf. cstr. חֹג Zc 14:18 + 2t., Pt. חוֹגֵג Ps 42:5; pl. חֹגְַגִים 1 S 30:16; —
1. keep a pilgrim-feast, abs. Ex 5:1 (JE) of one proposed by Moses; שׁלשׁ רגלים תחג לי three times shalt thou make pilgrimage unto me (in the year) Ex 23:14 (covt. code); of pilgrim-feasts in general Na 2:1, the Passover Ex 12:14 (P); elsewh. feast of Booths; all celebrated in part by sacred processions and dances; המון חוגג Ps 42:5 multitude keeping festival (led by the Psalmist in procession); חגג חג Lv 23:39 (H), Nu 29:12 (P), Na 2:1, Zc 14:16, 14:18, 14:19; חגג אתו חנ Ex 12:14 (P), Lv 23:41 (H); אתוֹ Lv 23:41 (H); sf. Ex 12:14 (P).
2. behave as at a חָג 1 S 30:16 (of the Amalekites when surprised by David i.e. enjoying themselves merrily, Dr; others, circling in the sacred dance).
3. reel, in giddiness on the sea Ps 107:27 (cf. חָגָּא Is 19:17); this either points to an earlier meaning of √; or better, the Psalm being late, means reel as from festival excesses (‖וְיָנוּעוּ כַשִּׁכּוֹר).
† חַג n.m.:Is 29:1 festival-gathering, feast, pilgrim-feast (NH id.; Aram. ܚܰܓܳܐ, חַגָּא; Ar. حَجُّ pilgrimage; Sab. חג DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 31; Nö:ZMG 1887. 719; RS:Proph. Lect. ii. n. 6; > We:Skizzen iii. 106, 165 sacred dance)—חַג abs. and cstr. Ex 10:9 + 36 t.; חָָג Nu 28:17 + 13 t.; sf. חַגִּי Ex 23:18; חַגֶּ֑ךָ Dt 16:14; חַגָּהּ Ho 2:13; חַגֵּנוּ Ps 81:4; pl. חַגִּים Is 29:1 + 2 t.; sf. חַגַּיִח Na 2:1; חַגֵּיכֶם Am 5:21 + 2 t.;—
1. feast, esp. one observed by a pilgrimage (Ex 23:14, 23:17): a. special feast to the golden calf Ex 32:5 (J; where there was a sacred dance v:19); a feast in the 8th month observed by Jeroboam in place of the feast of the 7th month in Judah 1 K 12:32, 12:33; pilgrim feast proposed by Moses Ex 10:9 (JE); feast at Shiloh Ju 21:19. Elsewhere b. apparently always of the three great pilgrim feasts, celebrated by processions and dancing: (1) in general Is 30:29, Am 8:10, Na 2:1; חגים ינקפו let feasts come round Is 29:1; ‖עחרות Am 5:21; חַג לי׳ Lv 23:41 (H); disting. fr. the more gen. מועדים (sacred seasons) Ez 45:17, 46:11, Ho 9:5 (יום חג), and fr. specif. חדשׁים, שׁבתות as well, Ho 2:13; (2) in particular: unleavened cakes and Passover מחות(ה)חג Ex 23:15 = 34:18 (JE); Lv 23:6 (P), Dt 16:16, 2 Ch 8:13, 30:13, 30:21, 35:17, Ezr 6:22; חג Ex 12:14 (P); first day of the seven Nu 28:17 (P); the last day Ex 13:6 (J); the seven Ez 45:21, 45:23; חג הפסח Ex 34:25, חגי Ex 23:18 (both JE); בַּכֶּסֶה לְיּוֹם חַגֵּנוּ Ps 81:4 (probably the full moon of Passover); חג הקחיר Ex 23:16 = חג שׁבעת Ex 34:22 (JE), cf. Dt 16:10, 16:16, 2 Ch 8:13; ף(י)חג האס Ex 23:16 = 34:22 (JE) = ת(ו)חג הסכ Lv 23:34 (P), Dt 16:13, 16:16, 31:10, 2 Ch 8:13, Ezr 3:4, Zc 14:16, 14:18, 14:19; also חג י׳ Lv 23:39 (H), הֶחָג 1 K 8:2, 8:65 = 2 Ch 5:3, 7:8, 7:9, Ez 45, Ne 8:14; הַגֶּךָָ (i.e. of people) Dt 16:14; 7 days Nu 29:12 (P), Ne 8:18.—Vbs. c. חג are: חגג Lv 23:39; 23:41 (H), Ex 12:14, Nu 29:12 (P), Na 2:1, Zc 14:16, 14:18, 14:19; שׁמר Ex 23:15 = 34:18 (JE); התקדשׁ Is 30:29; but usually עשׂה Ex 34:22 (JE), Dt 16:10, 16:13, 1 K 8:65, 12:32, 12:33, 2 Ch 7:8, 7:9, 30:13, 30:21, 35:17, Ezr 3:4, 6:22, Ne 8:18.
2. festival sacrifice (cf. NH חֲגִיגָה) Ps 118:27 (see מזבח 12); Mal 2:3 (RV after Thes Ke al.: but AV Ew Or feast).
† חָגָּא n.[f.] reeling (Aramaism for חגה Ew:§ 173 b, by copyist's err. Di)—למחרים וְהָֽיְתָה לח׳ Is 19:17 and the land of Judah shall become to Egypt a reeling, i.e. Egypt shall reel in terror at the sight of it (‖יִפְחָָד; this mng. may either be fr. an orig. sense of חגג, or = be excited as at a חָג, cf. חנג 3).
† חַגַּי n.pr.m. (festal; Ph. חגי, חגת; Palm. חגגו Vog:No. 61)—the prophet Haggai Hg 1:1, 1:3, 1:12, 1:13, 2:1, 2:10, 2:13, 2:14, 2:20, Ezr 5:1, 6:14; LXX ̓Αγγαῖος.
† חַגִּי n.pr.m. (festal)
1. LXX ̓Αγγις son of Gad Gn 46:16, Nu 26:15 (both P).
2. adj. gent. as subst. coll., c. art. Nu 26:15 (P).
† חַגִיָּה n.pr.m. (feast of Yah) a Levite, son of Shimea 1 Ch 6:15; LXX ̓Αγγια.
† חַגִּית n.pr.m. (festal) wife of David and mother of Adonijah 2 S 3:4, 1 K 1:5, 1:11, 2:13, 1 Ch 3:2; LXX ̓Αγγιθ.
חגה (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. حَجَا conceal; حجَّا, حَجَّي place of refuge, protection).
† [חֲגָוִים] n.m.pl. places of concealment, retreats, as abode of dove יוֹנָתִי בְּחַגְוֵי הַסֶּלַע Ct 2:14 (in metaph.); also, hyperbol., as abode of Edom סלע(ה) שֹׁכְנִּי בח׳ Je 49:16, Ob:3.
חגל (√ of foll.; Ar. حَجَلَ, hobble, hop, whence حَجَلُ partridge, cf. Syr. ܚܓܰܠ, ܚܰܓܠܳܐ, id.)
† חָגְלָה n.pr.m. (= partridge, v. supr.)—a daughter of Ṣelophchad of Manasseh Nu 26:33, 27:1, 36:11, Jos 17:3 (all P); LXX ̔Εγλα, A Αιγλα(μ). On n.pr.loc. בֵּית ה׳ v. p. 111 b.
† [חָגַר] vb. gird, gird on, gird oneself (NH id., Aram. חֲגַר; Ar. حَجَرَ hinder, restrain, so Syr. ܚܓܰܪ; As. agâru, surround, in deriv., Dl:W 105 ff.; Sab. מחגרת (cf. Ar. مَحْجِرُ, مَحَاجِر enclosed space, district, etc.), DHM in MV; also n.pr. dei and loc. חגר, Sab. Denkm.:3. 81. 93 CIS:iv. 1, No. 49 etc.)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָֽגְרָה Pr 31:17; 2 ms. וְהָגַרְתָּ֫ Ex 29:9; 3 pl. חָֽגְרוּ Is 15:3, La 2:10; וְח׳ consec. Ez 7:18, 27:31; Impf. 3 ms. יָחְגֹּר Lv 16:4, וַיַּחְגֹּר Lv 8:7, 8:7 + 4 t.; sf. יַחְגְּרֶָהָ Ps 109:19; 2 ms. תַּחְגֹּר Ps 76:11 (but on txt. v. infr.); 3 mpl. יַחְגְּרוּ Ez 44:18, 2 S 22:46 (but on txt. of both v. infr.), וַיַּחְגְּרוּ 1 S 25:13, 1 K 20:32; 3 fpl. תַּחְגֹּרְנָה Ps 65:13; 2 mpl. וַתַּחְגְּרוּ De 1:41; Imv. ms. חֲגֹּר 2 K 4:29, 9:1, חֲגוֹר Ps 45:4; fs. חִגְרִי־ Je 6:26; mpl. חִגְרוּ 1 S 25:13 + 3 t.; fpl. חֲגֹּרְנָה Je 49:3, cf. חֲג֖וֹרָה Is 32:11 (v. infr.); Inf. cstr. לַחֲגֹר Is 22:12; Pt. act. חֹגֵר 1 K 20:11, 2 K 3:21; pass. m. חָגוּר Ju 18:11 + 5 t.; f. cstr. חֲגֻרַת־ Jo 1:8; pl. חָגוּרִים Ex 12:11, Ju 18:16; חֲגֻרִים Dn 10:5; —
1. trans., gird some one, with girdle; c. 2 acc. Ex 29:9, Lv 8:13 (both P); pass., girded with ephod (acc.) 1 S 2:18, 2 S 6:14; sq. בְּ Dn 10:5, c. acc. and בְּ, fig. Pr 31:17, חגרה בְּעוז מתניה Lv 8:7, 8:7 (P), c. acc. מתנים gird up thy loins, i.e. make ready to go 2 K 4:29, 9:1, pass. Ex 12:11 (P); cf. prob. also חֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־חֲלָחָָיִם Is 32:11 gird upon the loins (2nd acc. om.); on verb. form as Imv. fpl. v. AE Ki Ew:§ 226 a Di Du; > as ms. O1:§ 234 a Ges:§ 48. 5 Sta:§ 591 d Kö:§ 20. 12.
2. gird on, bind on (= gird oneself with), a girdle Ps 109:19 (in sim.); so esp. c. acc. שׂק, שׂקים of mourning Is 15:3, 22:12, La 2:10, Ez 7:18, 27:31, 2 S 3:31, Je 4:8, 6:26, 49:3; also 1 K 20:32 (c. acc. שׂק + ב bef. מתנים); pass., sq. על bef. obj. of mourning Jo 1:8 (sim.); abs. (שׂק om.) Jo 1:13 (‖ספדו); sq. חֶרֶד 1 S 25:13, 25:13, 25:13, Dt 1:41; Ps 45:4 חרד על יָרֵךְ ח׳, so Ju 3:16, 1 S 17:39 (sq. acc. + מֵעַל); c. acc. cogn. חגורה ח׳ 2 K 3:21; abs. 1 K 20:11; pass. Ju 18:11, 18:16, 18:17, 2 S 20:8 b (where rd. חֶרֶב Klo Dr—not We), 21:16; rd. perh. also חָגוּר for חֲגוֹר 20:8 c, so Klo Dr.
3. intr. gird oneself, sq. בְּ rei Lv 16:4 (P), so בַיָּ֑זַע לאֹ יַח׳ they shall not gird themselves with sweat (?), but del. SyrVer Co Sgfr; c. acc. rei (fig.) גִּיל גְּבָעוֹת תַּח׳ Ps 65:13 with rejoicing the hills gird themselves; cf. שְׁאֵרִית חֵמֹת תַּחְ׳ Ps 76:11 with a remnant (residue) of wraths thou girdest thyself, so Hi Hup De VB; but very doubtful; LXX Bö Ew rd. תְּחָגָּ֑ךָ for תַּחגר; Bae Ka omit line as corrupt; cf. further Che and crit. n.—וְיַחְגְּרוּ 2 S 22:46 is txt. err. for וְיַחְרְגוּ, cf. ‖ Ps 18:46; so Now Hup Kit al.
† חֲגוֹר n.[m.] belt, gridle (distinct fr. אֵזוֹר waist-cloth, Che:Je, in Pulpit Comm. (1883) 333; Jerem., Life and Times (1888) 161 RS:JQ Jan. 1892, 289 ff.)—חֲגוֹר for sword 2 S 20:8 (yet rd. prob. חָגוּר, Th We Klo Dr), cf. 1 S 18:4; article of commerce Pr 31:24 (coll.? or of a richly adorned girdle?).
† [חָגוֹר] adj. girt, girded, only pl. cstr.; חֲגוֹרֵי אֵזוֹר Ez 23:15 girded with a waist-cloth.
† חֲגוֹרָה n.f girdle, loin-covering, belt—חֲגוֹרָה Is 3:24; חֲגֹרָה 2 S 18:11, 2 K 3:21; sf. חֲגֹרָתוֹ 1 K 2:5; Pl. חֲגֹרֹת Gn 3:7; —girdle, loin-covering Gn 3:7 (J); as article of women's dress Is 3:24; belt of warrior 1 K 2:5, 2 K 3:21 (חֹגֵר ח׳), cf. 2 S 18:11.—On חֲג֖וֹרָה Is 32:11 v. חְגַר
1.
† מַחֲגֹ֫רֶת n.f. a girding, cincture, only cstr.; תַּחַת פְּתִיגִּיל מַחֲגֹרֶת שָָׂק Is 3:24 instead of a mantle a girding of sackcloth.
I. חַד Ez 33:30 v. אֶחָד. p. 26
II. חַד v. sub חדד. below,
† [חָדַד] vb. be sharp, keen (Aram. חֲדַד; NH חִדֵּד sharpen; Ar. حَدَّ be sharp and sharpen; As. Pi. uddudu, sharpen, Dl:Pr 174, W 121)—Qal Pf. וְחַדּ֫וּ מִזְּאֵבֵי עֶרֶב consec. Hb 1:8 are keener than evening wolves (of impetuous Chaldean horses). Hiph. הֵחֵד (Che Or Brd) or יַחֵד (Näg cf. Dr:§ 123 a, R), ins. Is 44:12 after LXX SyrVer: the smith sharpeneth an axe. Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הוּחַדָּה Ez 21:14, 21:15, 21:16 be sharpened (in all, subj. חֶרֶב).—Vid. also 1. חדה.
† II. [חַד] adj. sharp—only fs. חַדָּה, of חֶרֶב Ez 5:1; in fig. of tongue Ps 57:5; sim. of mouth Is 49:2; fig. of end of (i.e. final experience with) strange woman כְּחֶרֶב פִיּוֹת ח׳ Pr 5:4 (‖מָרָ֯ה כַלַּעֲנָה).—1. חַד v. sub אֶחָד.
חַדָּה v. עֵין חַדָּה. p. 745
† [חַדּוּד] adj. sharpened, sharp, pointed, only cstr., with superlat. sense = subst.: תַּחְתָּיו חַדּוּדֵי חָָרֶשׁ Jb 41:22 beneath him the sharpest of potsherds, of scales of crocodile, cf. Di VB.
† חֲדַד n.pr.m. (on this and foll. cf. Palm. n.pr. חדודן Vog:No. 96, Sab. חדד Hal:27);—a son of Ishmael Gn 25:15 (cf. Baer's n.; van d. H. חֲדַר) LXX Χοδδαν, LXXL Χοδδαδ; = 1 Ch 1:30 LXX Χονδαν, A Χοδδαδ, LXXL Αδαδ.
† חָדִיד n.pr.loc. in Benj., mentioned with לֽד and אוֹנוֹ Ezr 2:33 = Ne 7:37; with these and other places Ne 11:34; prob. = ̓Αδιδά 1 Macc 12:38, ̓Αδίδοις 13:13; mod. El-Ḥadite c. 3 1/4 miles N. of E. from Lydda, Guêrin:Judêe i. 320 (cf. Rob:RR iii. 143).
† I. [חָדָה] vb. be or grow sharp;—Qal grow sharp, Impf. apoc. = juss. יָ֫חַד Pr 27:17 a; Hiph. sharpen (fig.), Impf. apoc. יַ֫חַד Pr 27:17 b; בַּרְזֶל בְּבֶרְזֶל יָ֑חַד וְאִישׁ יַחְד פְּנֵי־רֵעֵהוּ let iron by means of iron grow sharp, and let a man sharpen the countenance (presence, bearing) of his friend;—so Ki:Michl. 126 a De Now Kö:Lgb i, 373 f., cf. Str. (who however makes both forms Hiph.)
† II. [חָדָה] vb. rejoice (As. ḫadû Dl:Pr 153; Aram. ܚܕܳܐ, חֲרָא)—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּ֫חַדְּ Ex 18:9 (E), and Jethro rejoiced over (עַל rei); juss. אַלאיִ֫חַדְּ Jb 3:6 let it not rejoice among (בְּ) the days of the year, i.e. not take its place joyfully among them (fig. of day of Job's birth).—K1o prop. בְּ וְלֽא חָדוּ 1 S 6:19 for בְּ וַיַּח cf. also Dr Pi. Impf. sf. (causat.) תְּחַדּהוּ בְשִׂמְחְה Ps 21:7 thou makest him joyful (Che cheerest him) with gladness (‖תְּשִׁיתֵהוּ בְרָכוֹת).
† חֶדְוָה n.f. (late) joy (Aram. חדוא).—ח׳ 1 Ch 16:27 (in the sanctuary); חֶדְוַת י׳ Ne 8:10 (‖אַל־תֵּעָחֵָבוּ).
† יַחְדִּיאֵל n.pr.m. (God giveth joy) a chief man in Manasseh 1 Ch 5:24, LXX Ιελιηλ, A LXXL Ιεδιηλ.
† יֶחְדְּיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (May י׳ give joy!)
1. a Levite 1 Ch 24:20, LXX Ιεδεια, LXXL Ιαδαια.
2. officer of David 1 Ch 27:30 LXX Ιαδ(α)ιας.
† חָדַל vb. cease (Sab. חדל be negligent, Sab. Denkm.:76)—Qal Pf. חָרַל Gn 18:11 + 4 t.; וְחָדַל consec. Nu 9:13, Ps 49:9; 2 ms. וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ Ex 23:5; pl. הָֽדְּלוּ Ju 5:6 + 4 t.; חָדָלּוּ (cf. Kö:i, 243) Ju 5:7, 1 S 2:5; 1 pl. חָדַלְנוּ Je 44:18; Impf. יֶחְדַּל Dt 15:11 + (Jb 10:20 Kt יחדל jussive > Qr וַחֲדָָל Imv.); אֶחְדָָּל Ju 15:7 + 3 t.; וְאַחְדְּלָה Jb 16:6; pl. יֶחְדָָּלוּ Ez 2:5 + 2 t.; יֶחְדָּלוּ֔ן Ex 9:29; וַיַּחְדְּלוּ Gn 11:8, Ex 9:33, נֶחְדָָּל 1 K 22:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. חֲדֹל 1 S 12:23; Imv. חֲדַל Ex 14:12 +, etc.; חִדְלוּ Is 1:16, 2:22; חֲדָָלוּ Zc 11:22; —
1. cease, come to an end Ex 9:29, 9:33, 9:34 (J), Is 24:8; impers. חָדַל לִהְיוֹת לְשָׂרָה Gn 18:11 (J); cease to be Dt 15:11 (sq. מִן), and poet. Ju 5:6, 5:7, 5:7, 1 S 2:5, Jb 14:7; = be lacking, fail Jb 19:14, Pr 10:19.
2. cease, leave off, sq. inf. c. לְ Gn 11:8 (J), 41:49 (E), Nu 9:13 (P), 1 S 12:23, 23:13, Je 44:18, 51:30, Dt 23:23, Ps 36:4, Pr 19:27, Ru 1:18; inf. alone Is 1:16; so also Ho 8:10, where read וְחָֽדְלוּ for וַיָּחֵלּוּ LXX Che We; sq. inf. c. מִן Ex 23:5 (JE), 1 K 15:21 = 2 Ch 16:5; sq. subst. c. מִן (cease regarding) Is 2:22 (but Che Du al. treat v. as interpol.; om. LXX), 1 S 9:5, Pr 23:4; sq. מֵאלהים 2 Ch 35:21, i.e. leave off provoking God; Ex 14:12 (J), sq. מִמֶּנּו desist from us, let us alone; Jb 7:16; sq. acc. Jb 3:17 רֹגֶז ח׳; Jb 14:6 have rest (i.e. cease from being troubled, see Di; cf. v:1); no complem. expressed, cease, forbear Ju 15:7, 20:28, Am 7:5, 1 K 22:6, 22:15 = 2 Ch 18:5, 18:14, Je 40:4, 41:8, Zc 11:12, Ps 49:9, Jb 16:6, 2 Ch 25:16; specif. of refusal to hear Ez 2:5, 2:7, 3:11, 3:27 (all opp. שָׁמַע). Hoph. Pf. (contracted) c. interrog. part. הֶחֳדַלְתִּי Ju 9:9, 9:11, 9:13 should I be made to leave, sq. acc. (cf. Kö:i, 240 ff.); but perh. rd. הֶחָדַלְתִּי, Qal Pf. Stu Be, cf., for acc. sq., Jb 3:17.
† חָדֵל adj. forbearing, lacking, הֶחָדֵל as subst. Ez 3:27 he that forbeareth (opp. שׁמע, cf. חָדֵל Qal ad fin.); cstr. חֲדַל אִישִׁים Is 53:3 lacking men (i.e. forsaken by them);—ceasing, transient מֶה־חָדֵל אָָנִי Ps 39:5, but rd. rather חֶלֶד v. Che:crit. n.
† [חֶ֫דֶל] n.[m.] cessation, only יוֹשְׁבֵי חָָדֶל Is. 38:11 (so Baer) inhabitants of (land of ) cessation, i.e. of SheÕ’ôl; v. Di; but rd. rather חָָלֶד, v. חֶלֶד.
† חַדְלָָי n.pr.m. an Ephraimite, 2 Ch 28:12, LXX Χοαδ, A Αδδι, LXXL Αδλι.
חדק (√ of foll.; NH חִדֵּק press or thrust in, Aram. חַדֵּק id. (denom. ?)).
† חֵָדֶק n.[m.] brier (NH id.; Aram. חִדְקָא Löw:p. 147, No. 104; cf. Ar. حَدَقَ a kind of night-shade, v. Lane:532);—טוֹבָם כַּחֵדֶק Mi 7:4 the best of them (si vera l.) is like the brier (‖יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה); דֶּרֶח עָחֵל כִּמְשֻׂכַת חָָדֶק Pr 15:19 the way of a sluggard is like a brier-hedge.
† חִדֶּ֫קֶל n.pr.fl. Tigris (As. Idiḳlat, Diḳlat, Old Pers. Tigrâ Spieg:APK, Gloss., etc.), the famous Assyr. river; v. esp. Dl:Pa 110 f. 170 ff.; ח׳ Gn 2:14; חִדָָּקֶל Dn 10:4.
† [חָדַר] vb. surround, enclose (Ph. in deriv.; Ar. خَدَِرَ II. conceal, خِدْرُ curtain concealing a person, chamber, house, or tent as concealing some one; Eth. xadara: dwell; v. also foll.)—only Qal Pt. fs. הַחֹדֶ֫רֶת לָהֶם Ez 21:19 that which surroundeth them (of the sword),—so SyrVer Thes Sm Co Da VB.
† חֶ֫דֶר n.m.:1 Ch 28:11 chamber, room (NH id.; Ph. חדר, חדרת; Sab. חַדר Mordt:ZMG, 1876, 24; Eth. m4xdar:)—abs. חֶדֶר 2 S 13:10 + 11 t.; הַחַ֫דְרָה Gn 43:20, 1 K 1:15; הֶחָָדְרָה Ju 15:1, 2 S 13:10; cstr. חֶ֫דֶר Ct 3:4; חֲדֶר Ex 7:28 + 5 t.; sf. חֶדְרוֹ Jo 2:16; pl. חֲדָרִים Dt 32:25, Pr 24:4; cstr. חַדְרֵי Pr 7:27 + 8 t.; sf. חֲדָרֶיךָ Is 26:20; חֲדָרָיו Ct 1:4, 1 Ch 28:11; —room, chamber, usually private, as bedroom Gn 43:30 (J), Ju 15:1, 16:9, 16:12, 2 S 13:10, 13:10, 1 K 1:15, Ct 1:4, Is 26:20; Ju 14:18 rd. prob. הַחַדְרָה bridal-chamber for הַחַרְסָה Sta:ZAW 1884, 253, cf. Jo 2:16 (‖חֻפָּתָהּ of bride), הוֹרָתִי ח׳ Ct 3:4 (‖בֵּית אִמִּי); of kings (of Egypt) Ps 105:30; specif.: מִשְׁכָּב ח׳ bed-chamber Ex 7:28 (J), 2 S 4:7, 2 K 6:12, Ec 10:20; other combinations:—הַמְּקֵרָה ח׳ Ju 3:24 = cool chamber; הַפְּנִימִים ח׳ 1 Ch 28:11 inner chamber; חדרי מַשְׂכִּיתוֹ Ez 8:12 his chambers of imagery (del. Hi Co Sgfr.); בְּח׳ ח׳ a chamber within a chamber, i.e. an innermost chamber 1 K 20:30, 22:25 = 2 Ch 18:24, 2 K 9:2; pl. = store-rooms Pr 24:4; so הַמִּטּוֹת ח׳ 2 K 11:2 = 2 Ch 22:11, i.e. room where beds were stored (Ke Th); metaph. ח׳ מָָוֶת Pr 7:27 (‖דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֹל); חדרי תֵּמָן Jb 9:9 chambers of south (where constellations are treasured up, v. Di; Hoffm. thinks of n.pr. of star or constell.); cf. Jb 37:9 a chamber whence comes storm-wind (סוּפָה); חַדְרֵי בֶטֶן i.e. inner parts of body, only fig. Pr 18:8 = 26:22, 20:27, 20:30; in Dt 32:25 מֵחֲדָרִים = within, poet. for מִבַּיִת, ‖מִחוּץ without.
† חַדְרָ֔ךְ n.pr.terr. only Zc 9:1 אֶרֶץ ח׳ (‖דַּמֶּשֶׂק); perh. = As. Ḫatarakka, Ḫatari(k)ka, a district near Damascus and Hamath; v. Schr:COT ad loc., Dl:Pa 279.
† [חָדַשׁ] vb. only Pi. (and Hithp.) renew, repair (poet. and late) (NH id., Ph. חדש; n. חדש new moon, also in קרתחדשת new-city = Carthage; Aram. ܚܰܕܶܬ and חַדֵּשׁ; Ar. حدَشَ be new, Eth. h.adasa: 1. 2. renew; Sab. החדתַ, v. Os (Levy):ZMG 1865, 204 Mordt:ZMG 1876, 30; As. [adâšu], uddiš, renew, eššu, new, etc. Dl:W 199 ff.)—Pi. Pf. וְחִדְּשׁוּ consec. Is 61:4; Impf. וַיְחַדֵּשׁ 2 Ch 15:8; 2 ms. תְּחַדֵּשׁ Jb 10:17, Ps 104:30; וּנְחַדֵּשׁ 1 S 11:14; Imv. חַדֵּשׁ Ps 51:21; Inf. לְחַדֵּשׁ 2 Ch 24:4, 24:12;—
1. renew, make anew הַמְּלוּכָה 1 S 11:14 (editorial); פני אדמה Ps 104:30, רוּחַ 51:12 (‖בּרא); = bring back יָמֵינוּ כְּקֶדֶם La 5:21; עדיך ח׳ Jb 10:17 i.e. bringest fresh (new) witnesses.
2. repair, cities Is 61:4, temple 2 Ch 24:4, 24:12, altar 2 Ch 15:8. Hithp. Impf. 3 fs. תִּתְחַדֵּשׁ c. pl. subj. כַּנֶּשֶׁר נְעוּרָָיְכִת ת׳ Ps 103:5 thy youth reneweth itself, like the eagle.
† חָדָשׁ adj. new (on format. v. Lg:BN 48)—ח׳ abs. Ex 1:8 + 19 t.; f. חֲדָשָׁה Lv 23:16 + 19 t.; pl. חֲדָשִׁים Dt 32:17 + 10 t.; f. חֲדָשׁוֹת Is 42:9, 48:6; —new, usu. a. attrib. Ex 1:8 (E) a new king; so of house Dt 20:5, not found20:22, wife 24:5, cords Ju 15:13, 16:11, 16:12, cart 1 S 6:7, 2 S 6:3, 6:3 (but del. in v:b, cf. We Dr) = 1 Ch 13:7, garment 1 K 11:29, 11:30, vessel 2 K 2:20, wine-skins Jos 9:13 (JE) Jb 32:19, threshing instr. Is 4:15; meal-offering Lv 23:16 (H) Nu 28:26 (P); esp. (poet.) שִׁיר ח׳ a new song (of praise) Ps 33:3, 40:4, 96:1, 98:1, 144:9, 149:1, Is 42:10; בְּרִית ח׳ Je 31:31; שָׁמַיִם חדשׁים וארץ חדשׁה Is 65:17 cf. 66:22; שֵׁם ח׳ Is 62:2; רוּחַ ח׳ a new spirit Ez 11:19, 18:31, 36:26, + לֵב ח׳ 18:31, 36:26; הֶח׳ פֶּתַח שַׁעַר־י׳ Je 26:10 new gate of (house of) י׳, cf. 36:10 (v. Gf Je 20:2); also הֶחָחֵר הַח׳ 2 Ch 20:5 the new court (v. Be Öt); אלהים חדשׁים Ju 5:8 new gods? judges? txt. prob. corrupt, cf. Nö:ZMG 1888, 477, Müll:Königsb. Stud. i., GACooke:Deb. 34 ff. and conj. by Bu:RS, 103, RS in Bla:Judges; in gen. אֵין כָּל־ח׳ Ec 1:9 there is nothing new; with no subst. expr. חָגוּר חֲדָשָׁה 2 S 21:16 girt with a new (sword: but txt. perh. corrupt, cf. We Klo Dr), of (food-) products of earth (opp. יָשָׁן) Lv 26:10 (H) Ct 7:14; חֲדָשִׁים Dt 32:17 new ones (i.e. gods; ‖מִקָּרֹב בָּאוּ); in gen. f. חֲדָשָׁה a new thing Is 43:19, Je 31:22, fpl. Is 42:9 (opp. הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת), 48:6. b. very rarely predicate: of י׳'s compassions חדשׁים לַבְּקָרִם La 3:23 they are new every morning; עִמָּדִי כְּבוֹדִי ח׳ Jb 29:20 my glory shall be fresh with me; הוּא רְאֵה זֶה ח׳ Ec 1:10 see, this is new!
I. חֹ֫דֶשׁ:282 n.m.:Gn 7:11 (f. MT 38:24 but m. Sam Di) (newness), new moon, month (on format. cf. Lg:BN 144; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arnolt:JBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.)—ח׳ abs. Gn 7:11 +; cstr. (rare) Gn 29:14 +; sf. חָדְשׁוֹ Nu 28:14 + 2 t.; חָדְשָׁהּ Ho 2:13, Je 2:24; pl. חֳדָשִׁים Gn 38:24 +; cstr. חָדְשֵׁי Ex 12:2 + 2 t.; sf. חֳדָשָׁיו Jb 14:5 + 2 t.; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Is 1:14, Nu 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם Nu 10:10; —†
1. new moon = day, time, of new moon, as religious festival 1 S 20:5, 20:18, 20:24, 20:27, 20:34 (Dr); cf. יאֹכְלֵם ח׳ Ho 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hi St VB, but on txt. v. We; usu. ‖שַׁבָּת Am 8:5, 2 K 4:23, Is 1:13 (+ קְרֹא מִקְרָא), מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ 66:23, Ez 46:1, 46:6 (both יוֹם הַח׳), 1 Ch 23:31, 2 Ch 2:3, 8:13, 31:3, Ne 10:34 (all + מוֹעֵד), Ho 2:13, Ez 45:17 (both + חג, מועד); ‖מוֹעֵד alone Is 1:14, Ez 3:5; ‖יוֹם חַגֵּנוּ Ps 81:4; (cf. ראֹשׁ הַח׳ Nu 10:10, 28:11; on religious observance of new moon cf. Di:Lv p. 578 f Benz:Archäol. § 69); as time of augury in Babylon (astrolog. prognost.) Is 47:13. †
2. month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; cf. Benz:Archäol. § 30, but then, without ref. to day of beginning); † a. as measure of time during which Gn 38:24 (J), Nu 11:20, 11:21 (JE), 9:22 (P), Ju 11:37, 11:38, 11:39, 20:47, 1 S 6:1, 27:7, 2 S 2:11, 5:5, 6:11, 24:8, 24:13 = 1 Ch 21:12, Am 4:7, 1 K 4:7, 5:7, 5:28, 5:28, 5:28, 11:16, 2 K 15:8, 23:31, 24:8, Ez 39:12, 39:14, 1 Ch 3:4, 13:14, 2 Ch 36:2, 36:9, Est 2:12, 2; 12, 2:12. In 1 S 10:27 b rd. prob. כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ for MT כמחרישׁ, and join to 11:1, so LXX We Dr (cf. Gn 38:24); in combinations, יָמִים ח׳ a month (of) time (cf. יֶרַח ימים Dt 21:1, 2 K 15:13) Gn 29:14 (J), Nu 11:20, 11:26 (JE), ימים ארבעה ח׳ Ju 19:2; of age מִסְפַּר־ח׳ number of his months = length of his life Jb 14:5, 21:21; cf. esp. בֶּן־ח׳ Lv 27:6, Nu 3:15, 3:22, 3:28, 3:34, 3:39, 3:40, 3:43, 18:16, 26:22 (all P). † b. calendar months, † (1) with names הָאָבִיב ח׳ Ex 13:4, 23:15, 34:18, 34:18 (all JE; = 1st mo. 12:2 P), Dt 16:11; זִו ח׳ 1 K 6:1 ( = 2nd mo. ib.; = יֶרַח זִו v:37); cf. 8:2 (הַשְּׁבִיעִי הַח׳ = יֶרַךְ הָאֵתָנִים), 6:38 (הַשְּׁמִינִי הַח׳ = יֶרַח בּוּל); in the postex. books occur Babyl. names (v. the several words):—נִיסָן ח׳ Ne 2:1, Est 3:7 ( = 1st mo. Est 3:7); סִיוָן ח׳ Est 8:9 = 3rd mo.; כִּסְלֵו ח׳ Zc 7:1, Ne 1:1 ( = 9th mo. Zc 7:1); טֵבֵָת ח׳ Est 2:16 = 10th mo.; שְׁבָט ח׳ Zc 1:7 = 11th mo.; אֲדָר ח׳ Est 3:7, 3:13, 8:12, 9:1 in all = 12th mo., 9:15, 9:17, 9:19, 9:21; (cf. also אֱלוּל Ne 6:15, without ח׳ or יֶרַךְ; this was 6th mo.; v. further Schr:COT Ne 1:1 Benz:l. c.). † (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. הַשֵּׁנִי בַּח׳ Gn 7:11, cf. 8:4, 8:5, 8:14, Lv 16:29, Nu 1:1, 1:18 (all P) + oft. P; Dt 1:3 (P), 1 K 12:32, 12:33, 25:1, 25:3, 25:8, 25:25, 25:27, Je 1:3 + 11 t. Je, Ez 24:1, 32:1, Hg 1:1, 1:15, Zc 1:1, 7:1, 7:13, 1 Ch 12:15, cf. entire list 27:2–15, 2 Ch 3:2 + 12 t. 2 Ch; Ezr 3:1 + 10 t. Ezr; Ne 7:72, 8:2, 8:14, Est 3:12; note esp. הַזֶּה לָכֶם ראֹשׁ חָדָשִָׁים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם הַח׳ Ex 12:2 (P), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ח׳, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֹן = הָר׳ בַּח׳ Gn 8:13, cf. v:5; so commonly in Ezek.:—Ez 1:1, 8:1, 20:1, 29:1, 29:17, 30:20, 31:1, 33:21, 45:18, 45:21, 45:25 + 26:1, 32:17, 45:20 Co; (ח׳ sts. expr., v. Ez 24:1, 32:1 supr.; on like usage with יום v. יום). (3) special phrases and usages are:—† עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה Nu 28:14 (P; cf. יום, and Is 66:23 supr. 1.); מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ Est 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ Je 2:24 of wild she-ass's mating time. †
† II. חֹ֫דֶשׁ n.pr.f. a wife of Shaharaim of Benj. 1 Ch 8:9, LXX ̔Αδα, LXXL Βαδαα (so v:8 = בַּעֲרָה).
† חֲדָשָׁה n.pr.loc. town in Judah Jos 15:37 (site unknown, cf. Di).
† חָדְשִׁי in n.pr.loc. אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּים ח׳ 2 S 24:6, rd. הַחִתִּים קֵדְשָׁה א׳ v. Hi:Gesch. Isr. i. 29, LXXL εἰς γῆν Ξεττιειμ Καδης; cf. Dr:ad loc. and (in part) Klo; v. also קֵדֶשׁ.
† [חוּב] vb. be guilty (NH id., be under obligation, guilty; Aram. ܚܳܒ, חוּב, be defeated, guilty; Ar. خَابَ be disappointed, fail;—Ar. حُوبُ, حَوْبُ sin, is loan-wd. acc. to Bev Dn 1:10);—Qal not in MT; but rd. perh. חַבְתִּי (for סַבֹּתִי) 1 S 22:22 I am guilty, so SyrVer Th We Dr. Pi. Pf. inculpate וְחִיַּבְתֶּם את־ראֹשִׁי לַמֶָּלֶח consesc. Dn 1:10 and inculpate my head with the king.
† חוֹב n.[m.] debt (NH id.; Aram. ܚܰܘܒܳܐ, חוֹבָא);—יָשִׁיב חֲבֹלָתוֹ ח׳ Ez 18:7 his pledge as to indebtedness he restores, v. Hi-Sm Ew:§ 291 b Ges:§ 132 R 5, b Kö:Lgb. i. 497 f. and cf. Dr:§ 193 (but constr. hard: Co שׁוֹב; dittogr. fr. חבל׳ Bev:Dn 1:10, cf. v:12, v: 16).
† חוֹבָה n.pr.loc. Gn 14:15, north of Damascus; mod. Ḫoba, 20 hours N. of Dam., acc. to Wetzst:Del Gn. ed. 4, 561 ff. so Di.
† [חוּג] vb. draw round, make a circle (Aram. ܚܳܓ circumivit; n. حْوغتْا, חוּגְתָּא, circle, vault of heavens)—Qal Pf. חֹק חָג על־פני מים Jb 26:10 (cf. Pr 8:27), hath drawn as a circle a bound, etc., of the horizon-line.
† חוּג n.[m.] vault;—only of vault of the heavens חוּג שׁמים התהלך Jb 22:14; בְּחֻקַוֹ חוּג על־ תהום פנ׳ Pr 8:27; הישֵׁב עַל־חוּג הארץ Is 40:22.
† מְחוּגָה n.f. circle-instrument, compass, used by carvers of idols וּבַמְּחוּגָה יְתָֽאֳרֵָהוּ Is 44:13.
I. חוד (√ of foll.; Ar. حَادَ is decline, turn aside, avoid, hence perh. riddle, as indirect, obscure).
† חִידָה n.f. riddle, enigmatic, perplexing saying or question;—abs. ח׳ Ju 14:12 + 6 t.; sf. חִידָתִי Ju 14:18, Ps 49:5; חִידָֽתְךָ Ju 14:13; pl. abs. חִידוֹת 1 K 10:1 + 4 t.; חִידֹת Nu 12:8; sf. חִידֹתָם Pr 1:6; —
1. riddle = dark, obscure utterance Nu 12:8 (JE; opp. פֶּה־אֶל־פֶּה and מַרְאֶה); of something put indirectly and needing interpretation;—an allegory חוד ח׳ Ez 17:2 (‖מְשֹׁל מָשָׁל); allegor. and fig. sayings Pr 1:6 (‖מְלִיחָה מָשָׁל and דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים); enigmat. sentences and comparisons, declaring fate of Chaldeans Hb 2:6 (+ מְלִיחָה; ‖מָשָׁל), perplexing moral problem Ps 49:5 (c. פָּתַח open, propound; ‖מָשָׁל), a lesson taught indirectly Ps 78:2 (מִנִּי קֶדֶם ח׳, c. הִבִּיעַ; ‖מָשָׁל).
2. riddle, enigma, to be guessed, in Ju 14: a. with vb. חוּד Ju 14:12, 14:13, 14:16 propound a riddle. b. with vb. הִגִּיד tell (give answer to) a riddle Ju 14:14, 14:15, 14:17, 14:19. c. with vb. מחא find out a riddle Ju 14:18.
3. perplexing questions by which queen of Sheba put Sol. to the test (נִסָּה) 1 K 10:1 = 2 Ch 9:1.
4. with הֵבִין skilled in double-dealing Dn 8:23 (Bev).
† II. [חוּד] vb. denom. propound a riddle;—Qal Pf. 2 ms. חַדְתָּה Ju 14:16; Impf. אָח֫וּדָה Ju 14:12; Imv. (חִידָה וּמְשֹׁל מָשָׁל) חוּד Ez 17:2; חוּ֫דָה Ju 14:13; always c. חידה acc. cogn.
I. חוה (Ph. חוא live = Heb. חָיָה q.v.) p.310
† I. חַוָּה n.pr.f. (life, vid. Di Gn 3:20; > We:Prol. 1886, 322; Skizzen iii. 217 after Nö who suggests serpent as poss. mng., cf. Ar. حَيَّةُ; but RS:K 177 ‘mother of every ḥayy,’ v. II. חַי sub חיה)—Gn 3:20 and the man called his wife חַוָּ֑ה, because she was :אֵם כָּל־חָֽי; cf. אִשְׁתּוֹ ח׳ 4:1 (both J).—II. חַוָּה village, v. infr. sub II. חוה.
† יחואל n.pr.m. 2 Ch 29:14 Kt; Qr יְחִיאֵל q.v. sub חיה.
II. חוה (√ of foll.; Ar. حَوَي collect, gather; حِوَأُ circle of tents cf. II. חַי sub חיה, Ar. حَيَّ).
† II. [חַוָּה] n.f. tent-village—Pl. חַוֹּתֵיהֶם Nu 32:41 (JE), cf. Di. Elsewh. in cpd. appellative, almost = n.pr. חַוֹּת יָאִיר Dt 3:14, Jos 13:30 (D), Ju 10:4, 1 K 4:13, 1 Ch 2:23.—I. חַוָּה n.pr.f. v. supr.
† חִוִּי adj. gent. ( = villagers ?)—
1. שְׁכֶם בֶּן־חֲמוֹר הַח׳ Gn 34:2 (P), cf. חִבְעוֹן הַח׳ 36:2 (but rd. rather הַחֹרִי Ol Di cf. LXX Jos 9:7).
2. c. art. as n.pr.coll. הַחִוִּי the Hivvites ‘begotten’ by Canaan Gn 10:17 = 1 Ch 1:15; esp. in list of Canaanit. peoples displaced by Hebrews Ex 3:8, 3:17, 13:5, 23:23, 23:28, 33:2, 34:11, Dt 7:1, 20:17, Jos 3:10, 9:1, 12:8, 24:11 (all JED), Ju 3:5, 1 K 9:20 = 2 Ch 8:7; cf. וְהַכְּנַעֲנִי עָרֵי הַח׳ 2 S 24:7 (note מִבְחַר־חֹר, חִידוֹן just preceding); applied specif. to Gibeonites Jos 9:7 (JE), 11:19 (D).—In Jos 11:3, Ju 3:3 rd. prob. הַחִתִּי for הַחִוִּי We Mey Bu:Urg 350 v. (partly) LXX, Dr on Dt 7:1.
† מַחֲוִים appar. adj. gent., only אֱלִיאֵל הַמּ׳ 1 Ch 11:46, but rd. prob. הַמַּחֲנִי (Be), v. מַחֲנַיִם n.pr.loc. sub; חנה; Öt suggests also הַמְּעוֹנִי; LXX ὁ Μιει, A ὁ Μαωειν, LXXL ὁ Μαωθε.
† III. [חָוָה] vb. only Pi. (poet. & late), tell, declare (Aram. ܚܰܘܺܝ, חַוֵּי)—Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְחַוֶּה־ Ps 19:3; 1 s. אֲחַוֶּה Jb 32:10, 32:17; sf. אֲחַוְךָ Jb 15:17, אֲחַוֶּךָּ Jb 36:2; Inf. cstr. חַוֹּת;—declare, make known, c. acc. דָָּעַת Ps 19:3 (subj. לַיְלָה, sq. לְלַיְלָה; ‖יַבִּיעַ אֹמֶר); c. acc. דֵּעִי Jb 32:10, 32:17; c. 2 acc. וָאִירָא מֵחַוֹּת דֵּעִי אֶתְכֶם 32:6, sq. sf. pers. + obj. cl., :וַאֲחַוֶּ֑דָּ כִּי־עוֹד לֶאֱלוֹהַּ מִלִּֽים 36:2 and I will shew thee that (there are) yet words for God; sq. sf. pers. only Jb 15:17; —rd. prob. also וַאֲחַוֶּה for וַאֲקַוֶּה Ps 52:11 Hi Che al.
† [אַחְוָה] n.f. declaration (in form, an Aram. Aphel Inf.)—only sf. :וְאַחְוָתִי כְּאָזְנֵיכֶֽם Jb 13:17 (in ‖ line שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמוֹעַ מִלָּתָי).
חוֹזָ֑י 2 Ch 33:19 v. sub חזה. p. 302
חוח (√ of foll., meaning dubious).
† חוֹחַ n.m.:2 K 14:9
1. brier, bramble.
2. hook, ring, fetter;—ח׳ abs. Ho 9:6 + 8 t; pl. חֲוָחִים 1 S 13:6 (but v. infr.), חוֹחִים Ct 2:2; חֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11; —1. a. brier, bramble 2 K 14:9, 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18, 25:18 (allegory of Jehoash); coll., sign of desolation Ho 9:6 (‖קִמּוֹשׁ), Is 34:13 (‖קִמּוֹשׁ, סִירִים), Jb 31:40 (opp. חִטִּים); in sim. of fool's parable עָלָה בְּיַד־שִׁכּוֹר ח׳ Pr 26:9 a brier cometh into the hand of a drunken man (De Now Str); כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים; Ct 2:2; briers = thickets as hiding-places 1 S 13:6 (but Ew We Dr חוֹרִים holes, cf. 14:11; v. sub III. חרר; ‖מְעָרוֹת, סְלָעִים, חְרִחִים, בֹּרוֹת; LXX here ἐν τ. μάνδραις̀ 14:11 ἐκ τ. τρωγλῶν. 2. late, a. hook or ring, in jaw of crocodile c. תִּקֹּב Jb 40:26 (‖הֲתָשִׂים אַגְמֹן בְּאַפּוֹ); of captive וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה בַּחֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11 (cf. חַח).
† חַח n.m. hook, ring, fetter;—חַח abs. Ex 35:22; sf. חַחִי Is 37:29, 2 K 19:28; pl. חַחִים Ez 19:4 + 2 t. + Ez 29:4 Qr (Kt erron. חחיים, v. infr.);—
1. hook, ring, in nose of captive וְשַׂמְתִּי חַחִי בְּאַפֶָּךָ Is 37:29 = 2 K 19:28 (cf. בַּחֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11, v. חוֹחַ supr.); so of princes of Judah, under fig. of young lions Ez 19:4, 19:9 (in v:9 transp:, so that בחחים foll. הביא as v:4; so Co); in jaws of crocodile (metaph. of Pharaoh), c. נתן Ez 29:4, cf. 38:4 (but LXX om. and sense opposes, cf. Co and—dub.—Da).
2. hook, ring as ornament, perhaps nose-ring (others brooch, see VB), Ex 35:22 (P; ‖נֶזֶם, טַבַּעַת, כּוּמָז).
חוט (of foll.; Ar. خَاط, Aram. ܚܳܛ, חַיֵּט sew).
† חוּט n.m.:Jos 2:18 thread, cord, line (NH id.; Ar. خَيْطُ, Aram. ܚܳܘܛܳܐ, חוּטָא)—ח׳ abs. Gn 14:23 + 2 t.; cstr. Jos 2:18+ 3 t.;—
1. thread, as easily broken Ju 16:12 (sim.); as composing a rope or cord; הַשָּׁנִי הַזֶּה תִּקְוַת ח׳ Jos 2:18 (JE) this cord of scarlet thread (lit. the cord of this thread of scarlet); prob. also מִחוּט וְעַד שְׂרוֹךְ נַעַל Gn 14:23 from a thread to a sandal-thong; in sim. כְּח׳ הַשָּׁנִי Ct 4:3 like a thread of scarlet are thy lips.
2. cord, הַמְּשֻׁלָּשׁ הַח׳ Ec 4:12 a three-fold cord.
3. line, as measure of length 1 K 7:15 and a line of twelve cubits surrounded (i.e. would surround) it (cf. קָו v:23), so Je 52:21.
חִוִּי v. sub II. חוה. p. 295
† חֲוִילָה n.pr.terr. (√ dub. Dl:Pa 12 suggests חוֹל sand-land, downs, as Heb. popular etym., MV:11 give it as actual etym.; Sta:ThLZ Apr. 28, 1894, 235 compares this, as well as חוֹל sand, with Ar. وَحَلَ soft mud, [dampsand])—אֶרֶץ הַחֲוִילָה Gn 2:11 (surrounded or bordered—סבב—by river Pishon; noted for excellent gold, bdellium and shoham-stone); elsewhere without art. חֲוִילָה 10:7 = 1 Ch 1:9 as a ‘son’ of Cush (between סְבָא and סַבְתָּה); but also as a ‘son’ of יָקְטָן, a descendant of Shem Gn 10:29 = 1 Ch 1:23 (between אוֹפִיר and יוֹבָב); עַד־שׁוּר מֵח׳ Gn 25:18 said of limits of Ishmaelitish territory; cf. same limits of Amalek 1 S 15:7 (but dub.; We rds. טֵילָם, cf. v:4 and vid. Dr; Glaser:Skizze ii, 326 rds. חֲכִילָה as 23:19, 26:1, 26:3).—Most have supposed several regions named ח׳ to be indicated in these passages:—e.g. Thes
1. Arabian shore of Pers. Gulf Gn 10:29 etc. 2. Ethiopian coast Gn 10:7 etc. 3. India Gn 2:11 (regarded as indef. extension of 1). Di:Gn 10:7 distinguishes 1 and 2 either as quite distinct, or as different settlements of one great people, and (on Gn 2:14) thinks that כל ארץ ח׳ Gn 2:11 implies vague extension eastward. Dl:Pa 12 ff. 57 ff. identif. ח׳ in all passages with NE. part of Syrian desert, so E. Meyer:Gesch. Alterth. i. 224; Glaser:Skizze ii. 323 ff. with central and NE. Arabia. The question is still undecided.
† I. חוּל [חִיל] vb. whirl, dance, writhe (NH, Aram. id., dance; Ar. حَالَ change, turn; As. ḫîlu, writhe in fear Dl:Pr 191 (on ḫ = ح v. DHM:ZK i. 357); on form of Heb. vb. v. Nö:ZMG. 1883, 536)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫לָה Mi 1:12 + 2 t.; וְחָלָה֫ consec. Ho 11:6; חַלְתִּי Is 23:4; חָ֫לוּ Je 5:3 (but v. infr.), La 4:6; וְחָלוּ֫ Dt 2:25; חַ֫לְנוּ Is 26:18; Impf. יָחוּל Je 23:19 30:23; 3 fs. תָּחוּל Ez 30:16 Qr (Kt Co תחיל); וַתָּחָֹל Je 51:29; אחולה Je 4:19 Kt (Qr אוֹחִילָה, Hiph. יחל); יָחֻ֫לוּ 2 S 3:29; but also יָחִיל Ps 55:5 (Jb 20:21 v. II. חול); וַיָּ֫חֶל 1 S 31:3 = 1 Ch 10:3 + Gn 8:10 (where rd. prob. וַיִּיָּ֫חֶל as v:12; = וַיְיַחֵל Ol Di); 3 fs. תָּחִיל Is 26:17 + 2 t. + Ez 30:16 Kt (cf. supr.); וַתָָּחֶל Ps 97:4; 2 fs. תְּחִלִין Is 45:10; וָחִילוּ Ps 77:17+ 3 t. (Ps 10:5 v. II. חול); וַיָּחִ֫ילוּ Ju 3:25; יְחִילוּן Is 13:8; תָּחִ֫ילוּ Je 5:22; Imv. fs. חוּ֫לִי Mi 4:10, Ps 114:7; mpl. חִילוּ Ps 96:9, 1 Ch 16:30; Inf. cstr. חוּל(לָ) Ju 21:21, Ez 30:16 ( = Inf. abs.); Pt. fs. חוֹלָה Je 4:31 vid. Gf Gie and Ges:§ 72 R. 1; —
1. dance Ju 21:21 (לָחוּל בַּמְּחֹלוֹת).
2. twist, writhe: a. in pain, esp. childbirth Is 26:17, 45:10 מַה־תח׳ (‖מה־תוליד; metaph., of sea Is 23:4 (‖ילד); Israel 26:18 (‖חרה), 54:1 (‖ילד); Zion 66:7, 66:8 (‖ id.), Mi 4:10 (‖גֹּחִי, sim. כיולדה; cf. v. 9), Je 4:31. b. fig., be in severe pain, or anguish (mostly poet. and elevated prose), sq. מפני Dt 2:25 (‖רגז, cf. also פַּחַד and יִרְאָה v:a); Ez 30:16, Ps 96:9, Je 5:22 (‖ירא); sq. מִלִּפְנֵי 1 Ch 16:30, Ps 114:7; abs. Ps 55:5 (‖אימות מָוֶת נפלו עלי), Je 4:19 Kt, Ps 77:17 (‖רגז) 97:4, Is 13:8, 23:5, Je 51:29 (‖רָעַשׁ), Jo 2:6, Zc 9:5 (‖ירא), prob. also 1 S 31:3 (cf. 28:5) = 1 Ch 10:3, cf. Öt; fig. of mts. Hb 3:10. c. in contrition Je 5:3, חָ֫לוּ der. fr. חול Ew Gf Gie ; < SyrVer Ra Hi Ke al. fr. חלה (wrongly accented; vid. חלה Qal 2). d. in anxious longing עַד בּוֹשׁ Ju 3:25, sq. לְ Mi 1:12 (on Gn 8:10, cf. supr.)
3. whirl, whirl about עַל־ראֹשׁ יוֹאָב (i.e. blood—דמים—of Abner, from sword) 2 S 3:29; of attack of sword itself Ho 11:6 (‖כִּלָּה, אכל), cf. La 4:6 לא חָ֫לוּ בה ידים; of tempest על ראשׁ רשׁעים יחול Je 23:19 (v:a סער מִתְחוֹלֵל) = 30:23 (v:a סַעַר מִתְגּוֹרֵר). Poïlel. Impf. יְחוֹלֵל Ps 29:9; 3 fs. תְּחוֹלֵל Pr 25:23; sf. תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶם Is 51:2; 2 ms. תְּחוֹלֵל Jb 35:14; וַתְּחוֹלֵל Ps 90:2; Inf. cstr. חֹלֵל Jb 39:1; Pt. מְחוֹלֵל Pr 26:10; מְחֹלֶלְךָ Dt 32:18; מְחוֹלֶלֶת Is 51:9; מְחֹלְלֶוֹת Ju 21:23; —1 S 18:6, Ps 87:7 v. infr.; on חֹלְלָה Jb 26:13 v. חלל;—1. dance Ju 21:23, so perh. also 1 S 18:6 (rd. הַמְּחֹלְלוֹת LXX We Dr; and חֹלֲלִים pt. (מ om.) Ps 87:7 RV Pe De Che Bae; cf. Qal 1). 2. writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poet.), of Sarah, mother of Isr., Is 51:2 (‖אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם); of hinds Jb 39:1 Ps 29:9 (caus.); fig. of י׳'s producing earth Ps 90:2 (‖יֻלָּדָוּ); of his bringing forth Isr. (with difficulty, v. Di) Dt 32:18 of north wind bringing forth rain Pr 25:23; רַב מְחוֹלֵל כִָּל 26:10 a master produceth everything (on trans. see VB; Ew. al. derive fr. חלל wound). 3. wait anxiously (cf. Qal 2 d), sq. לְ Jb 35:14 (Elihu). Poïlal. Pf. חוֹלָָלתִּי Ps 51:7 + 2 t.; חוֹלָָלְתָּ Jb 15:7; Impf. יְחוֹלָָלוּ Jb 26:5; —1. be made to writhe Jb 26:5 (הָֽרְפָאִים). 2. be brought forth Jb 15:7 (‖תִּוָּלֵד), Ps 51:7 (‖יחם), metaph. of wisdom Pr 8:24, 8:25. Hiph. Impf. יָחִיל Ps 29:8, 29:8 cause to be an anguish, c. acc. מִדְבָּר, subj. י׳. Hoph. Impf. יוּחַל Is 66:8 be born (= travailed with, Che), subj. אֶרֶץ (‖יִוָּלֵד גוי). Hithpol. 1. Pt. מִתְחוֹלֵל whirling סַעַר מתח׳ Je 23:19 ( = סער מִתְגּוֹרֵר 30:23). 2. writhing, suffering torture Jb 15:20 (of life of wicked). 3. Imv. הִתְחוֹלֵל Ps 37:7 wait longingly sq. לְ for, ‖דּוֹם. Hithpalp. Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְחַלְחַל Est 4:4 and she writhed in anxiety.
† חוֹל n.m.:Ho 2:1 sand (perh. as turning or whirling; otherwise explained by Sta, vid. sub חֲוִילָה; NH id., Aram. חָלָא, ܚܳܠܳܐ)—ח׳ abs. Gn 22:17 + 15 t.; cstr. Gn 32:13 + 6 t.;—sand Ex 2:12 (E); set as bound for sea Je 5:22; שְׂפֻנֵי טמוני ח׳ Dt 33:19 hidden treasures of sand, poet. for glass (regarded as mysteriously produced out of sand, v. Di and reff.); a. usu. sand of seashore, sim. of numberlessness, vastness, so of Abraham's seed Gn 22:17 (J; cf. 15:5); Jacob's 32:13 (E) of a host Jos 11:4 (JE), Ju 7:12, 1 S 13:5, 2 S 17:11; a people 1 K 4:20, Ho 2:1, Is 10:22, 48:19 (‖וְחֶאֱחָאֵי מֶעֶיךָ כִּמְעֹתָָיו), Je 33:22, Hb 1:9; of corn gathered by Joseph Gn 41:49; of days of Job Jb 29:18 (on interpr. = phoenix, vid. Di); of birds עוף כנף (i.e. quails) Ps 78:27 (‖כֶּעָפָר); of vast extent of Sol.'s wisdom 1 K 5:9. b. in comp., more than the sand Je 15:8 (widows of Judah); thoughts of God Ps 139:18. c. of weight (in balances), metaph. of Job's vexation (כַּעַשׂ) Jb 6:3 heavier than the sand, cf. וְנֵטֶל הַחוֹל Pr 27:3 (‖כֹּבֶד אֶבֶן), said of כַּעַס אֱוִיל.—Combinations are: כח׳ אשׁר על שׂפת הים Gn 22:17, Jos 11:4, 1 S 13:5, 1 K 5:9; הַיָּם כח׳ Gn 32:13, 41:49, Is 10:22, Ho 2:1 (+ אשׁר לא יִמַּד ולא יִסָּפֵר); הַיָּם ח׳ Je 33:22; שֶׁעַל־שׂפת הים לרב כח׳ Ju 7:12; אשׁר־על־הים לרב כח׳ 2 S 17:11, 1 K 4:20; חול יַמִּים(מ) Jb 6:3, Ps 78:27, Je 15:8.
† חִיל n.m.:Ex 15:14 a writhing, anguish;—ח׳ abs. Ex 15:14 + 5 t.—
1. writhing (contortions of fear) Ex 15:14 (‖ vb. רָגַז).
2. anguish, always in sim. כַּיּוֹלֵדָה Ps 48:7 (allied kings against Jerus.); Zion, before Assyrians Mi 4:9; before Scythians or Chaldeans Je 6:24 (‖חָרָה), = 50:43 (of king of Babylon; ‖חָרָה); 22:23 (‖חבלים q.v.)
† חִילָה n.f. anguish, Jb 6:10.
† חֵל, חֵיל n.m.:Ob 20 rampart, fortress (perh. orig. surrounding wall, cf. Sab. Denkm.:91 n. 2)—abs. חֵיל Na 3:8, חֵל La 2:8 + 3 t.;(+ Ps 10:10 Qr v. חלכה); cstr. חֵל 1 K 21:23; sf. חֵילֵךְ Ps 122:7, חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4; חֵילָה = חֵילָהּ Ps 48:14, Ol:§ 40 c. 75g. 96 e Sta:§ 347 c;—
1. rampart (defined by Jews as בֶּן חוֹמָה, i.e. a little wall, cf. Ki s. v.), of an outer fortification 2 S 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer and inner fortif., incl. moat, v. Dr Kit); Is 26:1, La 2:8 (both ‖חוֹמוֹת); in gen. of defences, or sea-power of Tyre וְהִכָּה בַיָּם חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4 (v. Sta:ZAW i.1881, 15), of No-Amon (Thebes) אֲשֶׁר חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ Na 3:8; of Zion Ps 122:7, also 48:14 (חילה = חֵילָהּ, cf. supr.; both ‖ארמנותיך).—For חֵל 1 K 21:23 rd. prob. חֵלֶק, q. v.
2. fortress גָּלֻת הַחֵל הַזֶּה Ob:20 the exiles of this fortress (Hi-St; Or, AVRV this army, חֵל = חַיִל).
† חֵילָה Ps 48:14, v. חֵל supr.
† חֵילָם n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan 2 S 10:16 (Th their army, but LXX SyrVer Targum Ew:Gesch. iii. 211 Anm. 1 = H iii. 155 n. 2 We Dr) = חֵלָָא֯מָה v:17 (LXX Αιλαμ); + חילם Ez 47:16 (LXX Ηλιαμ) Co; acc. to this it lay on the border between Damascus and Hamath.
† חִילֵן n.pr.loc. in Judah 1 Ch 6:43 = חֹלֽן 2.
† חֹלוֹן, חֹלֽן n.pr.loc. 1. in Moab חֹלוֹן Je 48:21 (LXX Χελων), Χαιλων). 2. in Judah חֹלֽן Jos 15:51 (LXX Χαλου, LXXL Χειλου); priestly city 21:15 (LXX Γελλα, LXXL Ιλων) = חֹילֵן 1 Ch 6:43 (LXXL Χελων).
† חֵלֽן n.pr.m. a man of Zebulon Nu 1:9, 2:7, 7:24, 7:29, 10:16 (LXX Χαιλων, LXXL Χελων).
† חַלְחָלָה n.f. anguish, מָֽלְאוּ מָתְנַי ח׳ Is 21:3, בכל מתנים ח׳ Na 2:11, Ez 30:4, 30:9 (‖החריד).
† מָחוֹל n.m.:La 5:15 dance;—abs. מ׳ Ps 30:12 + 3 t.; cstr. מְחוֹל Je 31:4; מְחוֹלֵנוּ La 5:15; —dance, token of joyousness Ps 30:12 (opp. מספד), Je 31:4, 31:13 (cf. v:b), La 5:15 (opp. אֵבֶּל); act of praise to י׳ Ps 149:3, 150:4; accompanied by timbrel (תֹּף) and sometimes other instruments Ps 149:3, 149:4, Je 31:13.
† [מְחוֹלָה] n.f. id.;—cstr. מְחֹלַת Ct 7:1; pl. מְחֹלֽת Ex 32:19; מְחֹלוֹת Ex 15:20 + 5 t.; dancing, token of joyousness after victory, Ju 11:34, 1 S 18:16, 21:12, 29:5; in worship, at feast Ju 21:21; act of praise to י׳ Ex 15:20 (song); in idolatrous worship Ex 32:19 (E); as graceful and beautiful Ct 7:1; accomp. by timbre1 Ex 15:20, Ju 11:34, and by singing Ex 15:20, 1 S 18:6 (where however rd. prob. Poïlel Pt. הַמְּחֹלְלוֹת, cf. vb. חוּל supr.; so LXX We Dr), 21:12, 29:5.
† II. [חול, חִיל] vb. befirm, strong (Aram. Pa. strengthen, חֵילָא, ܚܰܝܠܳܐ strength; Palm. רב חילא רבא general-in-chief Vog:No. 28 al.; Sab. חַיל Sab. Denkm.:91 (on חַל in Sab.:n. pr. v. Hal:JAS Juin, 1872, 533); Eth. xela: xayala: be strong, xayl: strength, army, xay4l: strong; As. ḫâ(i)ltu, army Flood Tabl.:iii. 22 (ḫaiialtu Jäger:BAS i. 461); poss. comp. Ar. خَيْلُ horses (as strong ones? cf. Ps 33:17))—only Qal Impf. in לאֹ יָחִיל טוּבוֹ Jb 20:21 his prosperity is not firm (does not endure); יָחִילוּ דְרָכָוּ֯ בְּכָל־עֵת Ps 10:5 his ways are always firm (stable, prosperous), so Ol De Pe Che al.
חַיִל:244 n.m.:2 K 10:2 strength, efficiency, wealth, army;—abs. ח׳ Gn 47:6 +, חָָיִל Ps 60:14 +, חָָיִל Ps 60:14 +, חֵיל Is 36:2, 2 K 18:17; cstr. חֵיל Ex 14:28 + (on Ps 10:10 v. חלכה); sf. חֵילִי Jb 31:25 + 2 t.; חֵילְךָ Je 15:13 +; חֵילוֹ Ex 14:4 +, etc.; pl. חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5 + 19 t.; sf. חֵילֵיהֶם Is 30:6; —
1. strength, usu. physical: a. seld. alone (chiefly poet.) 1 S 2:4, Ps 18:33, 18:40 = 2 S 22:33, 22:40; also נָּֽברוּ ח׳ Jb 21:7, cf. Ec 10:10; מֵחַיִל אֶל־חָָיִל Ps 84:8; בְּכֹחַ ח׳ 2 Ch 26:13; of virility Pr 31:3; of י׳'s power Ps 59:12, 110:3, cf. Hb 3:19; strength of horse Ps 33:17; fig. of product of vine and fig-tree Jo 2:22 (‖פְּרִי). b. of result or display of strength עשׂה ח׳ achieve might = do valiantly Nu 24:18 (JE), 1 S 14:48, Ps 60:14 = 108:14, 118:15, 118:16. c. oft. in phrases ח׳(הַ)גִּבּוֹר, ח׳(הַ)גִּבּוֹרֵי hero(es) of strength, mighty man (men) of valour Jos 1:14 (D), 6:2, 8:3, 10:7, (all JE), Ju 6:12, 11:1, 1 S 9:1, 16:18, 1 K 11:28, 2 K 5:1, 15:20, 24:14, 24:16, 1 Ch 5:24, 7:2, 7:9, 8:40 + (very freq. in Ch), note esp. הַגִּבּוֹרִים וכל גבורי ח׳ 28:1; also ח׳ ג׳ 2 Ch 13:3 (‖מלחמה ג׳); חֲיָלִים(הַ) נ׳ 1 Ch 7:5, 7:7, 7:11, 7:40, 11:26 (v. also גִּבּוֹר, p. 150); ח׳(הַ)בֶּן־, ח׳(הַ)בְּנֵי Dt 3:18, Ju 18:2 + (v. בֵּן 8, p. 121); אִישׁ ח׳, אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Ju 3:29, 20:44, 20:46, 1 S 31:12, 11:16, 2 S 23:20 (Qr; Kt חי, on phr. בן־אישׁ חיל cf. Dr) = 1 Ch 11:22 (Kt חיל), 2 S 24:9, Na 2:4, Je 48:15, 1 Ch 10:12, Ne 11:6, Ps 76:6; ironical לִמְסֹח שֵׁכָר ח׳ א׳ Is 5:22 = (‖גבורים לשׁתות יין ); Ec 12:3 metaph. of legs.
2. ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Gn 47:6 (J), Ex 18:21, 18:25 (both E); of a woman אֵשֶׁת ח׳ Pr 12:4, 31:10, Ru 3:11; cf. 1 K 1:42, 1:52 (opp. רעה), and esp. יִרְאֵי אלהים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שׂנְאֵי בָָּחַע אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Ex 18:21(E); עָשָׂה חיל Pr 31:29 do worthily, efficiently, perh. also Ru 4:11; late (with weakened mng. of גִּבּוֹר) גִּבּוֹרֵי חֵיל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדַת בֵּית הָאלהים 1 Ch 9:13, cf. בַּכִּחַ לַעֲבֹדָה אישׁ ח׳ 26:8. So also 1 S 10:26 (rd. בְּנֵי ח׳, v. LXX We Dr, men of worth, opp. בני בליעל v:27) for MT ח׳ force, band.
3. wealth Gn 34:29 = Nu 31:9 (both P), Dt 8:17, 8:18, 33:11, Is 8:4, 10:14, 30:6 (‖אוֹחְרֹתָם), 60:5 (‖הֲמוֹן יָם) v:11, 61:6, Mi 4:13, Je 15:13, 17:3 (both ‖אחרות), Zp 1:13, Ez 26:12, 28:4, 28:5, 28:5, Zc 14:14, Jb 5:5, 15:29, 20:15, 20:18, 31:25, Ps 49:7, 49:11, 62:11, 73:12, Pr 13:22.
4. force, army, very oft. Ex 14:4, 14:9, 14:17, 14:28 (all P), 15:4 (song), 1 S 17:20, 2 S 8:9, 2 K 6:4, 6:15, 25:1, 25:5, 25:5, 25:10, 2 Ch 13:3 (בְּחַיִל גִּבּוֹרֵי מלחמה), 14:7, 16:7, 23:14 +; so usu. Jer.: Je 32:2, 34:1 +; freq. Ezek.: Ez 17:17, 27:10 +; Dn 11:7, 11:13, 11:25, 11:25, 11:26; = a band 1 S 10:26 (MT, but v. 2, adfin.); of train of Queen of Sheba גדול ח׳ 1 K 10:2 = 2 Ch 9:1; חֵיל כָּבֵד Is 36:1 = 2 K 18:17 a powerful army (on form cf. Sta:§ 194 c); also (late) חֵיל הַצָּבָא 1 Ch 20:1, 2 Ch 26:13, חֵיל עָם Est 8:11; הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים Dn 11:10; שַׂר־הח׳ 2 S 24:2 = captain of the host, שָׂרֵי הח׳ v:4, v:4; שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים captains of armies (bands, divisions) 1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4, 2 K 25:23, Je 40:7, 40:13, 41:11, 41:13, 41:16, 42:1, 42:8, 43:4, 43:5. פִּקּוּדֵי החִיל Nu 31:14 (P).—חֵילוּ Ez 32:31 om. B Hi Co: for חֵילֵח Ez 27:11 rd. prob. a n.pr.loc., cf. Da; Co prop. חתלון (cf. 47:15, 48:1), Hal:Mêl. Epigr. 1874, 69 חלך = Cilicia, v. Lag:M i. 211.
† חוּל n.pr.m. a ‘ son ’ of Aram Gn 10:23 = 1 Ch 1:17, named between עוּץ and גֶּתֶר LXX Ουλ.
חום (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; NH חום = be warm).
† חוּם adj. darkened, dark brown or black, only of colour of sheep (in Gn 30, J);—וכל־שֶׂה־חוּם בכשׂבים Gn 30:32, וְחוּם בכ׳ Gn 30:33, 30:35, וכל־חוּם בְּחאֹן Gn 30:40 (cl. prob. interpol. Ol Hup De We Di).
חוֹמָה v. sub חמה. p. 327
† [חוּס] vb. pity, look upon with compassion (Aram. ܚܳܣ, חוּס pity, spare; As. ḫû s, in n.pr. cf. Dl:Pr 181)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָסָה Ez 16:5, 2 ms. חַ֫סְתָּ Jon 4:10; Impf. 3 ms. יָחוּס Je 21:7; יָחֹס Ps 72:13; 3 fs. תָּחוּס Is 13:18; תָּהוֹס Dt 7:16 + 9 t.(Ges:§ 72 R 4 Bö:§ 1133(2)); תָּחֹס Gn 45:20, Ez 9:5; וַתָּ֫חָס 1 S 24:11, Ez 20:17; 1 s. אָחוּס Je 13:14 + 2 t.; Imv. חוּ֫סָה Jo 2:17; Ne 13:22:—a. of the eye, עין, ס על(ו)תח (לא) the eye shall (not) look with compassion, pity, upon Dt 7:16, 13:9, 19:13, Is 13:18, Ez 7:4, 20:17; לא חסה עָלַיִח עין Ez 16:5; עֵינְכֶם אַל־תָּחֹס עַל־כְּלֵיכֶםGn 45:20 (R:JE) let not your eye look with regret upon your stuff; with ellipsis of עַיִן 1 S 24:11 (but rd. וָאָחֻס, for וַתָּחָס LXX SyrVer Targum We Klo Dr); with ellipsis of על Dt 19:21, 25:12, Ez 5:11, 7:9, 8:18, 9:10; ע֯ל תחס עיני֯כם (אל) Ez 9:5 b. of God חוסה על Ne 13:22, Jo 2:17; לא אחוס על נינוה Jon 4:11; ellipsis of עַל Je 13:14, Ez 24:14. c. of man: the Messianic king על־דַּל וְאֶבְיוֹן Ps 72:13 he shall have pity on poor and needy, Nebuchadrezzar עליהם (i.e. on Zedekiah and the people) Je 21:7; Jonah, על הקיקיון Jon 4:10.—Vid. also חמל.
חוֹףv. sub II. חפף. p. 342
† חוּפָם n.pr.m. head of a Benjamite family Nu 26:39, not in LXX; (= חֻפִּים Gn 46:21, cf. also 1 Ch 7:12; 7:15).
† חוּפָמִי adj. gent. of foregoing, c. art. = n. coll. הַח׳ Nu 26:39.
I. חוץ (√ of foll., meaning unknown).
חוּץ n.[m.] the outside, sts., esp. in pl., spec. a street, never with sf. in sg., with ה—ָ loc. ח֫וּחָה, חֻ֫חָה, pl. חוּחוֹת, חֻחוֹת, with sf. חוּחֹתָיו etc., Is 15:3 etc.;—
1. the outside, of a house, tent, city, camp, etc., oft. used, esp. with preps., to express the adv. idea of outside, abroad (Aram. syn., exc. in sense 2 a, is בַּר, ܒܰܪ): a. as accus. after vb. of motion Dt 23:13 יָחָא חוּץ to go forth outside (sc. a camp), v:14 (as adv. accus.) בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ חוּץ outside, הוֹחִיא הַחוּץ to bring forth outside (a house or chamber) Ju 19:25, 2 S 13:18 cf. Ne 13:8, Ju 12:9 b בָּנוֹת הֵבִיא לְבָנָיו מִן־הַחוּץ from outside, from abroad, 2 K 4:3 שַׁאֲלִי־לָח כֵּלִים מִן־הַחוּץ from outside (opp. בַּבַּיִת v:2); as genit. Lv 18:9 מוֹלֶדֶת חוּץ one born abroad (i.e. by another father or mother, of a half-sister: opp. מוֹלֶדֶת בַּיִת) Ez 47:2, 47:2. With ה—ָ loc. חוּחָה, after a vb. of motion Ex 12:46 חוּחָה מִן־הַבַּיִת , Pr 5:16, 2 Ch 29:16, 33:15 חוּחָה לָעִיר outside of the city, Nu 35:4 מִקִּיר הָעִיר וָחוּחָה from the wall of the city and outwards; = on the outside, without 1 K 6:6, Is 33:7 חָֽעֲקוּ חוּחָה cry without, 2 Ch 24:8: so הַחוּחָה Gn 15:5 וַיּוֹחֵא אֹתוֹ הח׳ and brought him outside, 19:17, 24:29, Jos 2:19 +, 1 K 8:8 לאֹ יֵרָאוּ הַחוּחָה were not seen towards the outside, Dt 25:5 לאֹ תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּחָה לְאִישׁ זָרi.e. shall not be married into another family, cf. Ju 12:9 a. b. with preps.: a. † אל־החוץ towards the outside Ez 41:9, † 34:21 pleon. אל־החוחה. b. בחוץ Gn 9:22 outside (opp. בְּתוֹח אָהֳלֽה v:21), 24:31 לָמָּה תַעֲמֹד בַּחוץ, Dt 24:11, Ex 21:19 אם יקום והתהלך בחוץ (after leaving a sick couch), 2 K 10:24, Ps 31:12, Ez 7:15 (opp. מִבַּיִת), Ho 7:1 +. c. † לחוץ Ps 41:7 יחא לחוץ; = on the outside Ez 41:17, 42:7, † לַחוּחָה 2 Ch 32:5 towards the outside. d. מִחוּץ on (מִן 3 c) the outside Ez 40:19, 46:2, מִבַיִת וּמִחוּץ within and without (of an ark, building, etc.) Gn 6:14, Ex 25:11 = 37:2, 1 K 7:9, Dt 32:25 מחוץ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶרֶב (opp. יּמֵחֲדָרִים אֵימָה), La 1:20 (cf. Ez 7:15 supr. b); so מֵהַחוּץ † Ez 41:25. מִחוּץ לְ on the outside of, Gn 19:16 וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, 24:11, Ex 26:35, 37:7, 37:7, Lv 8:17, 14:8, Nu 35:5, Jos 6:23, Je 21:4 +, even after a vb. of motion 1 K 21:13 וַיּוֹחִיאוּהוּ מִחוּץ לְעִיר, 2 K 23:6, though in this case אל מחוץ ל is more common, Lv 4:12, 4:21 אל מחוץ למחנה, 6:4, 10:4, 14:40, 14:41 + oft. P, Dt 23:11. e. † מִחוּחָה Ez 40:40 on the outside, מִחוּחָה לְ v:44. f. (late) † חוּץ מִן outside of, Ec 2:25 who can eat, and who enjoy, חוּץ מִמֶּנִּיִ outside of me, i.e. except me? (but rd. rather, with LXX SyrVer De Now al., חוּץ מִמֶּנּוּ apart from, without him, i.e. God). (So NH חוּץ מִן except, without, v. De:Ec 2:25. Cf. The Aram. syn. בַּר מִן except Ex 20:3 Targum; apart from, without Is 36:10 Targum; Syr. ܠܒܰܕ ܡܶܢ id.)
2. Of a definite locality, viz. a. that which is outside the houses of a town, i.e. a street Is 51:23 כַּחוּץ לַעֹבְרִים, Je 37:21 חוּץ הָאֹפִים the Bakers' street, Pr 1:20 כַּחוּץ, (‖כָּֽרְחֹבוֹת: so 7:12, 22:13, Je 9:20); oft. in pl., as חוּחֹת אַשְׁקְלוֹן the streets of Ashkelon 2 S 1:20, ירושׁלם ח׳ Je 5:1, 7:17, 7:34 + oft. Jer., 1 K 20:34 וְחֻחוֹת תָּשִׂים־לְךָ בְּדַמֶּשֶׂק and streets (i.e. bazaars) shalt thou make thee in D., as my father made in Samaria (a concession involving the right of trading), Am 5:16, Is 15:3, 24:11 (as scene of mourning), Is 5:25, Je 51:4, Ez 11:6, 28:23 ( as filled with corpses of slain), בְּראֹשׁ כָּל־חוּחוֹת i.e. in conspicuous places, Na 3:10, La 2:19, 4:1, Is 51:20, טִיט חוּחוֹת mire of streets Zc 10:5 (trampled on by warriors), in simile, of foes trodden under foot, Ps 18:43, Mi 7:10 ( so כְּחֹמֶר ח׳ Is 10:6), metaph. of cheapness and abundance Zc 9:3. b. more gen., that which is outside enclosed cities, the open country, Jb 18:17 וְלאֹ שֵׁם לוֹ עַל־פְּנֵי־חוּץ (v. De), cf. Pr 24:27; in the pl. Jb 5:10 וְשֹׁלֵחַ מַיִם עַל פְנֵי חוּחוֹת, Pr 8:26, Ps 144:13 (as place where flocks abound).
† חִיחוֹן adj. outer, external (opp. פְּנִימִי) f. חִיחוֹנָה (for חוֹחוֹן, by dissim., Ba:NB xxix Phil:BAS ii. 2. 362 Ges:§ 27. 3 R 6)—
1. 2 K 16:18 מְבוֹא הִמֶלֶךְ הַחִיחוֹנָה the outer entry of the king (viz. to the Temple), Ez 44:1 the outer gate of the sanctuary, החחר החיחונךְ the outer court (of the Temple) Ez 10:5, 40:17, 40:20, 40:31, 40:34, 40:37, 42:1, 42:3, 42:7, 42:8, 42:9, 42:14, 44:19, 44:1, 46:9, 46:20, 46:21, cf. Est 6:4 (of Ahasuerus' palace), 2 Ch 33:14 חוֹמָה ח׳ an outer wall (built by Manasseh for the עִיר דָּוִיד); הַחִיחוֹן absol., in לַחִיחוֹן 1 K 6:29, 6:30, בַּחִיחוֹן Ez 41:17 (הַבַּיִת being understood) of the outer (part of the Temple), i.e. the Holy Place (cf. פְּנִימִי, פְּנִימָה, of the Holy of holies).
2. fig. outward, external הַמְּלָאכָה הַחִיחוֹנָה Ne 11:16, 1 Ch 26:29, of business not distinctively sacred, in which Levites were engaged (cf. The NH use of ח׳ to denote extra-canonical, as Sanh. 10:1 [Jost, 11:1 Surenh.] ספרים החיחונים).
II. חוץ (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. حَاصَ sew together, Aram. ܚܰܝܶܨ bind, compress, σφίγγειν, ܚܝܳܨܳܐ bandage: حَاطَ IV. encompass, حَائِط wall, which is oft. compared, does not correspond phonetically).
† חַ֫יִץ n.[m.] party-wall (NH id., prob. from Ez l. c.)—Ez 13:10, acc. to Ki מחיחה גרועה i.e. a thin or party-wall.
חוק, חיק (√ of foll.; As. ḫî ḳu, embrace, Creation Tabl.:a, 1. 5; Ar. خَوْقُ ring, خَوَقُ width of desert, of well, of vulva, أَخْوَقُ wide; Di comp. also Eth h.adaq: shore of sea, fr. surrounding, cf. As. supr.)
† [חוק] n.[m.] bosom, Ps 74:11 Kt חוקך (but rd. Qr חֵיקְךָ, v. following).
† חֵיק, חֵק n.[m.] bosom (NH id.)—abs. חֵיק Ez 43:17, Pr 16:33 + Ez 43:13 (Co חיקו, cf. ZKW:1883, pp. 67ff.; חֵיקֹה Dr:Sm xxxi), חֵק Pr 21:14; cstr. חֵיק 1 K 22:35 + 3 t. + Ez 43:14 (Co חיקו) חֵק Pr 5:20 (om. By accident in Baer, cf. Str:ad loc.) 17:23 sf. חֵיקִי 1 K 3:20, Ps 89:51; חֵקִי Jb 19:27 etc.; elsewh. alw. plene c. sf.; חוקף Kt Ps 74:11 (Qr חֵיקְךָ);—bosom, specif.
1. of fold of garment, at breast Ex 4:6, 4:6, 4:7, 4:7, 4:7 (all J), Pr 6:27, 16:33, metaph. of י׳ Ps 74:11; שֹׁחַד בח׳ Pr 21:14 is a hidden reward (concealed in bosom; ‖מַתָּן בַּסֵּתֶר); שֹׁחַד טֵחֵק 17:23 is a gift secretly given; fig., requite into bosom Is 65:6, 65:7, Ps 35:13, 79:12, Je 32:18.
2. carry (נָשָׂא) in bosom, Moses the people Nu 11:12 (JE); Naomi, Ruth's child Ru 4:16, cf. 1 K 3:20, 3:20, 17:19; ewe lamb 2 S 12:3, Is 40:11 (metaph.); La 2:12 of infants dying in their mothers' arms; fig. of carrying insults in one's bosom Ps 89:51 (rd. prob. כְּלִמַּת for כֹּל, v. Bi Che).
3. bosom as part of body: a. external, lie in bosom, of wife שׁככת Mi 7:5, cf. 2 S 12:8; concubine Gn 16:5 (J) cf. 1 K 1:2; (ך)אֵשֶׁח חיק Dt 13:7 28:54, cf. also Pr 5:20 תְּחַבֵּק חֵק נָכְּרִיָה; אֹישׁ חֵיקָהּ Dt 28:56. b. internal, anger resteth כסילים בה׳ Ec 7:9; כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי Jb 19:27 my reins are consumed within me; Jb 23:12 (rd. בְּחֵקִי for מֵחֻקִּי, so LXX Vulgate 0l Me Stu Di) in my breast have I hidden the words of his mouth (cf. בְּלִבִּי Ps 119:11); fig. of interior of chariot 1 K 22:35 הרכב ח׳; of hollow bottom of altar Ez 43:13, 43:14, 43:17 (Sm Rinne; Co Grundeinfassung).
† חוִּקֹק n.pr.loc. city in Asher 1 Ch 6:60 LXX Ικακ, LXXL Ακωκ̀ but rd. prob. חָלְקַר ( as Jos 19:25) q.v.—חֻקָֹקָה Jos 19:34 v. sub חקק. p. 324, 350
† I. [חָוַר] vb. be or grow white, pale (Ar. حَوِرَ be white, حَوَرُ whiteness, Aram. ܚܘܰܪ, חֲוַר be white)—only Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וְלֽא עַתָּה פָּנָיו יֶחֱוָרָוּ Is 29:22 (‖לֽא עַתָּה יֵבוֹשׁ יַעֲקֹב ).
† I. חוּר n.[m.] white stuff (dub. whether cotton or linen, cf. כַּרְפַּס), ‖תְּכֵלֶת:—of Mordecai's garments בִּלְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת תְּכֵלֶת וָחוּר Est 8:15a in a royal garment of violet and white stuff (cf. וְתַכְרִיךְ בּוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן v:b); of furnishings of royal palace of Susa כַּרְפַּס וּתְכֵלֶת אֶחוּז בְּחַבְלֵי־בוּץ ח׳ וְאַרְגָּמָן 1:6 white stuff of fine linen (?) held fast by cords of byssus and purple.
† חוֹרָָי n.m. white stuff, cf. I. חוּר; וְאֹרְגִים חוֹרָָי Is 19:9 and (those) weaving white stuff.
† I. חֹרִי n.[m.] white bread or cake שְׁלשָׁה סַלֵּי חֹרִי Gn 40:16 three baskets of white bread.—II. חֹרִי v. III. חרר. p. 359
† II. חוּר n.pr.m. (mng. dub.; cf. Nab. n.pr. חורו Nö in Eut:p. 45)—
1. LXX Ωρ, named with Aaron as compan. of Moses Ex 17:10, 17:12, 24:14 (all E).
2. LXX Ωρ, a Judahite Ex 31:2 = 35:30, cf. 38:22 (all P) 1 Ch 2:19, 2:20, 2:50 (on div. of verse v. Be VB); also 4:1, 4:4, 2 Ch 1:5.
3. LXX Ουρ, a king of Midian Nu 31:8, Jos 13:21 (both P).
4. LXXL Εουρ (B om.) head of fam. of returned exiles Ne 3:9.
5. בֶּן־חוּר officer of Sol. 1 K 4:8, v. sub בֵּן p. 122.
III. חוּר = חֻר v. sub III. חרר. p. 359
† חוּרַי n.pr.m. a hero of David מִנַּחֲלֵי ח׳ גָעַשׁ 1 Ch 11:32 LXX Ουρ(ε)ι, LXXL Ουριὰ = הִדֶּי 2 S 23:30 (om. B; A. Αθθαι, LXXL Αδδαι). p. 213
† חוּרִי n.pr.m. a Gileadite (of Gad) 1 Ch 5:14 (LXX Ουρ(ε)ι).
† הִירָה n.pr.m. (√ חור but mng. dub.) an Adullamite, friend of Judah Gn 38:1, 38:12 (both J), LXX Ειρας.
חוּרָם v. חִירָם sub אַח, אחה supr. p. 27 b.
II. חור (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. خَارَ bend, turn, incline, of man be weak, Lane:820 c, خَوْرُ hollow, depressed ground between hills).
† I. חֹר n.[m.] hollow, only in חֹר הַגִּדְּגָּ֑ד Nu 33:32 hollow of Gidgad (v. Di).
II., III. חוֹר, חֹר, (חוֹרִים) v. sub II., III. חרר. p. 359
† חַוְרָן n.pr.terr. (meaning unknown; conjectures are:—black-land (as basaltic region); supported by خَوْر black, dial. of Yemen, Maltzan:ZMG 1874, 230, and tokens of immigration from Yemen into Ḥaurân, Wetzst in De:Job 2:598; ZKW 1884, 120; land of caves, Thes Hi-Sm, Porter:Dict. Bib., and hollow, GASm:Geogr. 552, who comp. Heb. הור hole; but this prob. fr. III. חרר, and Ar. خَوْر, hollow, diff. fr. حَوْرَان)—district SE. fr. Mt. Hermon, extending between Jaulan and Lejah, toward Syr. desert; only גְּבוּל חַוְרָָן Ez 47:16 cf. מִבֵּין חַוְשָרן וּמִבֵּין דַּמֶּשֶׂק v:18, v:18; = As. Ḫaurani Dl:Pa 294; LXX Αυρανιτις, and so Jos:Ant. xv. 10, 1 etc., Ar. حَوْرَان. On this district v. Wetzst:Hauran, (1860) and in De:Job 2. 597ff. Bd:Pal 195 ff. Schumacher:Across the Jordan, 1889; ZPV xii. 1889, 225 ff. (with map) GASm:Geogr. 552 f. 609 ff.
† I. חוּשׁ vb. haste, make haste (As. ḫâšu, Dl:Pr 180, Eth h.osa:; on this vb. V. Nö:ZMG 1883, 538)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. חָשׁ Dt 32:35 (or Pt., but v. Di), 1 S חַשְׁתִּי Ps 119:60; Impf. 3 fs. וַתַּ֫חַשׁ (sic!) Jb 31:5 Ges:§ 72 R. 9; Imv. חוּ֫שָׁה 1 S 20:38 + 6 t. Psalm, + Ps 71:12 Qr (Kt חישׁה); Inf. sf. חוּשִׁי Jb 20:2; Pt. act. חָשׁ Hb 1:8 + Is 8:1, 8:3 in n.pr.; pass. חֻשִׁיּס Nu 32:17; but v. infr.:—make haste Dt 32:35 (‖קרוב), Ps 119:60; in prophetic n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל חָשׁ בַּז֑ Is 8:1, 8:3; of eagle (in sim. of Chald. army) נשׁר חשׁ לאכול Hb 1:8; Jb 31:5 subj. רנל, sq. על־מרמה; חוּֽשִׁי בּי Jb 20:2 my haste in me, i.e. my inward excitement—esp. Imv. 1 S 20:38 (‖מהרה ), and in Psalm Psalm: sq. לְעַזְרָתִי 22:20, 38:23, 40:14, 70:2, 71:12 (Qr); sq. לִי 70:6, 141:1; pt. pass. נֵחָלֵץ חֻשִׁים Nu 32:17, but prob. for חֲמֻשִׁים (Kn Di comp. Ex 13:18 etc.); Ba:NB 180 retains חוּשִׁים and regards it as act. (intrans.) = hastening. Hiph. Pf. הֵחִישׁוּ Ju 20:27; Impf. יָחִישׁ Is 28:16; יָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. 5:19 (Ges:§ 48. 3); אָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. Ps 55:9; sf. אֲחִישֶׁנָּה Is 60:22; —
1. shew haste, act quickly Ju 20:37; hasten, come quickly Is 5:19 (subj. מַעֲשֵׂהוּ, ‖יְמַהֵר; others: let him hasten on his work), יָחִישׁ Is 28:16 hasten away (flee), or hasten about distractedly (si vera l.; Che Guthe rd. ימישׁ yield, give way).
2. transit. c. sf. Is 60:22 I will hasten it; c. acc. Ps 55:9 I would hasten (= secure quickly) my escape.
† חִישׁ adv. quickly, כי נז חישׁ Ps 90:10 of passing away of human life.
† II. [חוּשׁ] vb. feel, enjoy (with the senses) (Now comp. Ar. حَسَّ feel, perceive by senses; NH חוּשׁ feel pain; Aram. ܚܳܫ, חוּשׁ, feel pain; Eth. h.w4s: perception)—only Qal Impf. 3 ms. מִּי יאֹכַל וּמִי יָחוּשׁ Ec 2:25 who can eat and who can feel (i.e. enjoy pleasure)?
† חוּשָׁה n.pr.m. a ‘son’ of חוּר = place in Judah 1 Ch 4:4.
† חֻשָׁתִי adj.gent. of foregoing:—
1. of individ., c. art. הַח׳ 2 S 21:18 = 1 Ch 20:4, 2 S 23:27 = 1 Ch 11:29, v. also 1 Ch 27:11.
† חוּשַׁי n.pr.m. 1. הָאַרְכִּי ח׳ 2 S 15:32 so 17:5, 17:14, called רֵעֶה דור 15:37 friend of David, so 16:16 a; cf. 16:16 b, 16:17, 16:18, 1 Ch 27:33; also 1 S 17:6, 17:7, 17:8, 17:15. 2. 1 K 4:16 father of one of Solomon's officers.
† I. חוּשִׁים, חֻשִׁים n.pr.f. wife of Shaharaim of Benjamin, חוּשִׁים 1 Ch 8:8, חֻשִׁים v:11.
† II. חֻשִׁים n.pr.m. of Dan, וּבְנֵי דּן ח׳ Gn 46:23 cf. חֻשִַׁם בְּנֵי אַחֵר 1 Ch 7:12 (v. Be VB); = שׁוּחָם (q.v.) Nu 26:42 cf. שׁוּחָתִי v:42, v:43.
† חֻשַָׁם, חוּשָׁם n.pr.m. a king of Edom: חֻשַָׁם Gn 36:34, 36:35 = חוּשָׁם 1 Ch 1:45, 1:46.
חוֹתָם v. sub חתם. p. 368
חֲזָאֵל v. חֲזָהאֵל sub I. חזה p. 303
† I. חָזָה vb. (almost wholly poet.) see, behold (Aram. ܚܙܐ, חֲוָא, see, perceive with the eyes; Palm. Ethp. אתחזי = ἔδοξεν Reckendorf:ZMG, 1888, 397; Ar. حَزَ, perceive with the inner vision, only; حَارِن astronomer, astrologer)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Ps 58:11 + 6 t.; חָזִיתָ Pr 22:29 not found29:30; חָזִית Is 57:8; חֶזִיתִי Jb 15:17; חֲזִיתִךָ Ps 63:3; שָחזוּ Jb 24:1 + 5 t.; חֲוִיתֶם Jb 27:12, Ez 13:7, 13:8; Impf. יֶחֱוֶה Nu 24:4 + 2 t.; 3 fs. וְתַ֫חַז Mi 4:11; 2 ms. תֶּחֱוֶה Ex 18:21; 1 S. אֶחֱוֶה Ps 17:15 + 4 t.; אָ֫חַז Jb 23:9; pl. יֶחֱזוּ Is 26:11 + 4 t.; יֶחֱזָי֑וּן Is 26:11; תֶּחְוֶ֫ינָה Is 33:17 + 2 t.; תֶּתֱזוּ Is 30:10, Ct 7:1; 1 pl. וְנֶחֱוֶה Ct 7:1; Imv. חֲוֵה Is 33:20, 48:6; חֲווּ Ps 46:9, Is 30:10; Inf. cstr. חֲזוֹת Ps 27:4, Ez 21:34; Pt. חֹוֶה Ez 12:27; pl. חֹזִים Is 47:13, Ez 13:9, 13:16, 22:28. (All other ptc. forms are used as nouns, v. חֹוֶה.)
1. see, behold: a. with the eye, acc. rei Ps 58:9, 58:11, Pr 22:29, 29:20, Is 33:20, 57:8; God in theophany Ex 24:11 (JE); God, after death, apart from the flesh Jb 19:26, 19:27; the face of God Ps 11:7, 17:15 (after death). b. subj. the eyes themselves; man's eyes: תֶּחֱוֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ thine eyes will behold Is 33:17; also of God's eyes: Ps 11:4, 17:2. c. with בְּ look on (intensely, with gratification); a damsel Ct 7:1, 7:1; Zion Mi 4:11; נֹעַם י׳ in the temple Ps 27:4; the work of God Jb 36:25; with investigation בַּכּוֹכָבִים on the stars, as stargazers, in astrology Is 47:13.
2. see as a seer in the ecstatic state, with acc. of the vision seen: חזון Is 1:1, Ez 12:27, 13:16; מחזה Nu 24:4, 24:16 (JE; poet., Balaam); מחזה שׁוא Ez 13:7; משּׂא Is 13:1, Hb 1:1; משׂאות שׁוא La 2:14; שׁוא Ez 13:6, 13:9, 13:23, 21:34, 22:28, La 2:14; כזב Ez 13:8; שֶׁקֶר Zc 10:2; obj. deceitful things Is 30:10; (יס)דבר Is 2:1, Am 1:1, Mi 1:1; with לְ be a seer, for any one Is 30:10; see a vision for one La 2:14, 2:14.
3. see, perceive: a. with the intelligence, abs. Jb 34:32, Pr 24:32; acc. rei Is 48:6; Yahweh in his temple Ps 63:3; in his providential workings Jb 23:9, Ps 46:9, Is 26:11, 26:11. b. see, by experience abs. Jb 27:12; acc. rei Jb 15:17, 24:1. c. provide, תחזה מכל העם אנשׁי חיל Ex 18:21 provide from all the people men of ability (E).
Note.—בֵּית אֲבָנִים יֶתֱוֶה Jb 8:17 is difficult: RV renders he (it) beholdeth the place of stones (the root of the plant personified) Hengst, cf. Reuss al. after SerVer Targum. Other renderings are: pierceth (cf. חָזַז) Bö Ew Hi (יְחַוֶּה), Di De MV; between (v. p. 108) the stones it liveth (יִחְיֶה) LXX Siegf.
חוֹזָ֑י 2 Ch 33:19, v. following.
† חֹזֶה n.m. seer;—abs. ח׳ Am 7:12 + 7 t.; cstr. חֹוֵה 1 Ch 21:9 + 3 t.; חוֹוֵה 2 Ch 35:15; pl. חֹוִים Is 29:10 + 4 t.; חוֹזִים 2 Ch 33:19 (so rd. with LXX; חוֹזָי֑ MT scribal error)—
1. seer: a. of unnamed persons, syn. (ים)נבא 2 K 17:13, Is 29:10; רֹאִים Is 30:10; קֹסְמִים Mi 3:7; historical writers דִּבְרֵי הַחֹוִים 2 Ch 33:18, דברי חזזים (LXX) 2 Ch 33:19 (MT appar. n. pr.) b. named prophets; Gad 2 S 24:11 = 1 Ch 21:9, 1 Ch 29:29, 2 Ch 29:25; Amos Am 7:12; Iddo 2 Ch 9:29, 12:15; Jehu 2 Ch 19:2. c. the singers: Heman 1 Ch 25:5; Asaph 2 Ch 29:30; Jeduthun 2 Ch 35:15. Note—It seems best to add
2. vision (cf. רֹאֶה Is 28:7) עִם שְׁאוֹל עָשִׂינוּ חֹוֶה Is 28:15 with She’ôl we made a vision (had a vision, in connexion with She'ôl—i.e. by necromancy, v. Du—which makes us secure; ‖ כרת ברית אֶת־מָוֶת; Ew:§ 156 e trans. oracle here and 2 K 17:13; Hoffm:ZAW iii. 95 puts this under 1: ‘we have appointed a prophet with She’ôl (SS &ld;Ein bei der Scheol be-stellter Seher&rd;), who is answerable to us for it;’ LXX Vulgate Targum AV RV Che Di al., are at (or have made an) agreement (prophetic advice of seers being taken at time of making treaties; v. חָזוּת 1),—Vid. also כָּל־חֹזֶה n.pr.m. sub כּל.
† חָזוֹן n.m.:Dn 8:1 vision (on format. cf. Lg:BN 204)—abs. ח׳ Ho 12:11 + 25 t.; cstr. חֲזוֹן Is 1:1 + 8 t.
1. vision, as seen in the ecstatic state ‖קסם Mi 3:6; ‖מקסם Ez 12:24; ‖חלמות Dn 1:17; ‖נביא Dn 9:24; חזה ח׳ Ez 12:27, 13:16; ראה ח׳ Dn 8:15; ראה בח׳ Dn 8:2, 8:2, 9:21; דבּר בח׳ Ps 89:20; חזון נראה אל Dn 8:1 vision appeared unto; מחא ח׳ מיהוה La 2:9 find a vision from Yahweh; also Ez 12:22, 12:23, Dn 8:13, 8:17, 8:26, 10:14, 11:14.
2. vision, in the night חֲזוֹן לַיְלָה Is 29:7.
3. divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy בקשׁ ח׳ מנביא seek a vision (prophecy) from prophet Ez 7:26; ‖(ים)דבר 1 S 3:1, 1 Ch 17:15; חֲווֹן לִבָּס יְדַבֵָּרוּ Je 23:16 a prophecy of their own hearts (minds) they speak; חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר וְקֶסֶם אֱלִיל וְתַרְמִית לִבָּם הֵמָּה מִתְנַבְּאִים Je 14:14 false vision and (v. אֱלִיל) worthless divination & deceit of their own hearts they are prophesying; כתב ח׳ write the vision Hb 2:2; also Ho 12:11, Hb 2:3, Pr 29:18, Ez 7:13 (del. Co).
4. vision, as title of book of prophecy, ספר חזון נחוּם Na 1:1; ישׁעיהו ח׳ Is 1:1; עבדיה ח׳ Ob:1; of other writings of prophets 2 Ch 32:32.
† [חָזוֹת] n.[f.], only cstr. בַּחֲזוֹת יֶעְדּוֹ in the visions (prophecies) of Iddo 2 Ch 9:29, the title of a collection of prophetic history, v. חָזוֹן 4.
† חָזוּת n.f. vision, conspicuousness (on format. cf. Lg:BN 202)—abs. ח׳ Is 21:2, Dn 8:5, 8:8; cstr. חָזוּת Is 29:11; sf. חָזוּחְכֶס Is 28:18; —
1. vision, oracle of a prophet חָווּת קָשָׁה הֻגַּד־לִי Is 21:2 a hard vision is declared to me; וַרְּהִי לָכֶם תָזוּת הַּכֹּל כְּדִבְרֵי הַסֵּפֶר הֶחָתוּם Is 29:11 the vision (prophecy) of the whole is become to you as the words of a sealed writing; חָזוּתְכֶם אֶת־שְׁאוֹל לאֹ תָקוּם Is 28:18 your agreement with Sheol will not stand, so Thes MV De Che Di al. after Vrss, but Ew§ 156 e renders oracle, and Siegf. Hellseherei, v. חֹוֶה
2. 2. conspicuousness in appearance: קֶרֶן הָזוּת a conspicuous horn Dn 8:5 = the great horn v:8, v:21; so חָזוּת אַרְבַּע Dn 8:8, but < rd. אֲחֵרוֹת others, as LXX Gr Bev.
חִזָּיוֹן n.m.: 2 S 7:17 vision (on format. cf. Lg:BN 200)—abs. ח׳ 2 S 7:17, Is 22:1, 22:5; cstr. חֶזְיוֹן Jb 20:8, 33:15; sf. חֶוְיֹנוֹ Zc 13:4; pl. abs. חֶוְיֹנוֹת Jb 7:14, Jo 3:1, cstr. id. Jb 4:13; —
1. vision, in the ecstatic state ראה ח׳ Jo 3:1; ח׳ (א)גּי valley of vision Is 22:1, 22:5.
2. vision, in the night לַיְלָה(וֹת)חֶזְיוֹנ Jb 4:13, 20:8, 33:15; ‖חֲלֽמוֹת Jb 7:14.
3. divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy: ‖דברים 2 S 7:17 ( = חזון 1 Ch 17:15); יֵבשׁוּ אִישׁ מֵחֶזְיֹנוֹ בְּהִנָּכְֽאֹתוֹ Zc 13:4 they will be ashamed, every one of his vision when he prophesieth.
† חֶזְיוֹן n.pr.m. (vision) ancestor of Benhadad king of Aram 1 K 15:18 (Klo prop. חֶזְרוֹן and comp. LXX 1 K 11:23 f.).
† חֲזָהאֵל n.pr.m. (EĒl sees; As. Ḫaza'ilu COT:Gloss) king of Aram 2 K 8:8, 8:13, 8:15, v:29 = 2 Ch 22:6; contr. חֲזָאֵל 1 K 19:15, 19:17, 2 K 8:9, 8:12, v:28 = 2 Ch 22:5, 2 K 9:14, 9:15, 10:32, 12:18, 12:18, 12:19, 13:3, 13:3, 13:22, 13:24, 13:25; בֵּית חֲזָאֵל Am 1:4.
† חֲזִיאֵל n.pr.m. (vision of EĒl) Levite of the line of Gershon, of the time of Solomon 1 Ch 23:9.
† חֲזָיָה n.pr.m. (Yah hath seen) one of the chiefs of the בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה Ne 11:5.
† יַחֲזִיאֵל n.pr.m. (EĒl sees)—
1. Benjamite warrior of David 1 Ch 12:4.
2. priest of David 1 Ch 16:6.
3. a Levite 1 Ch 23:19 24:23.
4. a Levite of the sons of Asaph 2 Ch 20:14.
5. ancestor of one of the families of the restoration Ezr 8:5.
† יַחְזְיָה n.pr.m. (Yah sees) a prince of the restoration Ez 10:15.
† מַחֲזֶה n.[m.] vision—abs. מ׳ Gn 15:1; cstr. מַחֲזֵה Nu 24:4, 24:16, Ez 13:7; —vision, in the ecstatic state מַחֲוֵה שָׁוְא (‖מִקְסַם כָּזָב) Ez 13:7 of the false prophets; מַחֲזֵה שַׁדַּי Nu 24:4, 24:16 (JE; poems of Balaam); אֶל־אַבְרָם בַּמַּחֲזֶה הָיָה דְבַר י׳ Gn 15:1 (R) the word of
† מֶחֱזָה n.f. light, place of seeing, window, מֶחֱזָה אֶל־מֶחֱזָה light over against light 1 K 7:4, 7:5.
† מַחֲזִיאֹת n.pr.m. (visions) 1 Ch 25:4 (but on this cf. RS:OTJC 422; ed. 2. 143), = מַהֲוִיאוֹת 1 Ch 25:30 a Hemanite chief of a course of singers.
II. חזה (√ of foll.; Ar. حَذَا III., حِذَأُ be opposite, حِذَأُ front, Lane:537 b; v. Lg:BN 50 Dr:§ 178, cf. Sab. חדַית prep. opposite DHM in MV).
† חָזֶה n.m.:Lv 7:31 breast of animals (Aram. ܚܰܕܝܳܐ, חַדְיָא)—abs. ח׳ Ex 29:26 + 4 t.; cstr. חֲוֵה Ex 29:27 + 5 t.; pl. חָזוֹת Lv 9:20, 9:21—breast, only P, and only of sacrificial animals; always as wave-offering; of ram of installation Ex 29:26, 29:27, Lv 8:29, of peace-offering Lv 7:30, 7:30, 9:20, 9:21, of Nazirite sacrif. Nu 6:20; perquisite of Aaron and his sons Lv 7:31, 7:34, 10:14, 10:15, cf. Nu 18:18.
† חֲזוֹ n.pr.m. son of Nahor Gn 22:22, LXX Αζαυ (cf. As. n.pr.loc. Hazû, mentioned with Bazû (v. III. בּוּז) by Esar. Dl:Pa 307; ZK 1885, 93 f. COT on Gn 22:21; also Di).
חזז (√ of foll.; Ar. حَزَّ cut or notch; خَزَّ pierce (Frey)).
† [חֲזִיז] n.[m.] thunder-bolt, lightning flash (NH חֲזִיוּ; Aram. חֲוִיזָא shining cloud)—only cstr. חֲזִיז and pl. חֲזִיזִים; וְדֶרֶח לַחֲזִיז קֹלוֹת Jb 28:26 and a way for thunder-bolts = 38:25; עשֶֹׁה חֲזִיזִים י׳ Zc 10:1 (‖מְטַר־ גֶּשֶׁם).
חָזַק:291 vb. be or grow firm, strong, strengthen (NH id.; Aram. ܚܙܰܩ חֲזַק bind on or about, gird on, cf. Ar. حَزَقَ bind, squeeze)—† Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 41:57 + 4 t.; חָזָקָ 2 Ch 26:15; sf. חֲזָקוֹ 2 Ch 28:20, etc.; Impf. יֶהֱז֑ק 2 Ch 28:7 (Baer) + 2 t.; וַיֶּחֱזַק Gn 41:56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ 2 S 10:11 + 2 t.; יֶחְזְקוּ Is 28:22; Imv. חֲוֵק Dt 12:23 +; חִזְקוּ Dt 31:6 +; Inf. cstr. לְחָזְקָה 2 K 12:13; sf. לְחָזְקָהּ Ez 30:21; Pt. חָזֵק Ex 19:19, 2 S 3:1, etc.;—I. intrans. be or grow strong:—
1. a. of physical strength of hands Ju 7:11, 2 S 2:7, 16:21, Ez 22:14, Zc 8:9, 8:13 (on Ez 3:14 v. infr.); of arm, sq. inf. Ez 30:21; used of recovery fr. illness Is 39:1; sq. מִן compar. over power 1 S 17:50 (c. בְּ instr.), 2 S 13:14. b. of people, army Dt 11:8, Jos 17:13 (JE), = Ju 1:28, Ezr 9:12; sq. מִן compar. be stronger than, too strong for, prevail against 2 S 10:11, 10:11 = 1 Ch 19:12, 19:12, 1 K 20:23, 20:25; id., sq. acc. 1 K 16:22, cf. of י׳ as prevailing over man Je 20:7 (‖יָכֹל); sq. על 2 Ch 8:3, 27:5. c. of royal power וְדָוִד הֹלֵךְ וְהָוֵק 2 S 3:1 (opp. הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים); cf. 2 Ch 26:15 (‖חֶוְקָה v:16), Dn 11:5a. d. prevail over, upon, of word of king 2 S 24:4 (sq. אֶל־) = 1 Ch 21:4 (sq. עַל). e. of bonds Is 28:22. f. of sound of trumpet הוֹלֵךְ וְהָוֵק מְאֹד Ex 19:19 (E, cf. חָזָק v:16) it grew much louder and louder.
2. be firm, fast:—a. lit. be caught fast, of Absalom's head 2 S 18:9 (sq. בְּ). b. be firm, secure, of a kingdom 2 K 14:5 ( + בְּיָדוֹ) = 2 Ch 25:3 ( + עָלָיו). Oftener c. be firm = courageous, confident, esp. Imv., usually ‖ אמץ (q.v.), Dt 31:6, 31:7, 31:23, Jos 1:6, 1:7, 1:9, 1:18, 10:25, 23:6 (all D), 2 S 10:12, 13:28, 1 K 2:2, 1 Ch 19:13 (‖התחזק), 22:13, 28:10, 28:20, 2 Ch 15:7, 19:11, 32:7, Ezr 10:4, Ps 27:14, 31:25, Is 35:4, 41:6, Hg 2:4, 2:4, 2:4, Dn 10:19, 10:19; sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Ch 25:8. d. hold firmly to, devote oneself to, sq. בְּ 2 Ch 31:4. e. sq. Inf. be firm not to eat blood, i.e. firmly refrain from it Dt 12:23, cf. 1 Ch 28:7.
3. press, be urgent, sq. עַל + Inf. Ex 12:33 (E); sq. עַל of hand of י׳ in prophetic ecstasy Ez 3:14 (LXX Co rd. חֲזָקָה, adj., v. חָזָק).
4. in bad sense: a. grow stout, rigid, hard, with idea of perversity, of Pharaoh's heart Ex 7:13, 7:22, 8:15 (all P), 9:35 (R); cf. חזקו עָלַי דבריכם Mal 3:13. b. be severe, grievous, of battle 2 K 3:26; of famine Gn 41:56, 41:57 (E), 47:20 (J; sq. על), 2 K 25:3 = Je 52:6. II. transit. only לאֹ חֲזֶקוֹ 2 Ch 28:20 strengthened him not, but txt. very dub. (‖וַיָחַר לוֹ). † Pi. Pf. חִזַּק Ps 147:13 +, etc.; Impf. וַיְתַזֵּק Ex 9:12 + 10 t., etc.; Imv. חַוֵּק Ne 6:9 + 2 t.; fs. חַזְּקִי Na 3:14; חַזֵּ֑קִי Is 54:2 etc.; Inf. cstr. חַוֵּק 2 K 12:9 + 12 t.; Pt. מְחַזֵּק Ex 14:17; מְחַזְּקִים 2 K 12:9; —1. make strong (physically): a. sq. acc. pers. Ju 16:28; sq. על 3:12; sq. מָתְנַיִם Na 2:2 (‖אַמֵּץ כֹּחַ; of personif. people). b. = restore to strength Dn 10:18, 10:19; to health Ez 34:4, 34:16; c. לְ give strength to 1 Ch 29:12; so, sq. זְרוֹעֹתָם, Ho 7:15, Ez 30:24 (and v:25 Co, v. Hiph.) c. sq. acc. rei Is 41:7, Je 10:4 (both c. בְּ instr.; of manufacture of idols); of strengthening tent-pegs, in metaph. Is 54:4, cf. 33:23; sq. bars of gates Ps 147:13; oft. of making strong, fortifying a town, etc. Na 3:14, 2 Ch 11:11, 11:12, 26:9, 32:5; = repair (wall, obj. not expr.) Ne 3:19 v. Hiph.; c. acc. of temple 2 K 12:6, 12:7, 12:15, 22:6, 2 Ch 24:5, 24:12, 29:3, 34:8, cf. v:10 (‖לִבְדּוֹק); sq. לְבית י׳ 1 Ch 26:27; obj. breaches (acc.) 2 K 12:8, 12:9, 12:13, 22:5. d. of establishing kingdom 2 Ch 11:17. 2. strengthen the hands (acc.) of any one, i.e. sustain, encourage (opp. רִפָּה) Ju 9:24, Je 23:14, Ez 13:22, Is 35:3, Jb 4:3, Ezr 6:22, Ne 2:18, 6:9, 2 Ch 29:34; ידו בֵּאלהים וַיְח׳ 1 S 23:16; sq. בְּ Ezr 1:6 ( + בְּ instr.) 3. make strong = bold, encourage, c. acc. Dt 1:38, 3:28, 2 S 11:5, Is 41:7; c. acc. pers. + לַעֲבֹדֵת בֵּית י׳ 2 Ch 35:2. 4. make firm:—a. c. 2 acc. וְאַבְנֵטְֽךָ אֲחַוְּקֶנּוּ Is 22:21 and with thy sash (of office) will I make him firm, i.e. bind it firmly about him (‖הלבישׁ). b. make firm or fixed, = definitely adopt ־יהּ׳ לָמוֹ דָּבָר רָע Ps 64:6.
5. make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden (the heart of any one) Ex 4:21, 10:20, 10:27 (all E), 9:12, 11:10, 14:4, 14:8, 14:17 (all P), Jos 11:20 (D); v. also פניהם מִסֶּלַע ת׳ Je 5:3 †. Hiph.:118 Pf. הֶחֱזִיק Ju 7:8 +; 3 fs. הֶחֱזִ֫יקָה Je 49:24 +; sf. הֶחֱוִקָָתְנִי Je 8:21; הֶחֱזַ֫קָתִּי Ne 5:16 + 3 t.; וְהַחֲזַקְתִּ֫י Ez 30:23, etc.; Impf. יַחֲזִיק Jb 8:15 + 2 t.; I S. וְאַחְזֵק Is 42:6; יַחֲזִיקוּ Je 6:23 + 2 t.; יַהֲזִקוּ Dn 11:33, etc.; Imv. הַחֲזֵק 2 K 15:19, Is 64:6; sf. הֶחֱזִיקִי Je 31:32 (הַח׳ Cod. Petrop. v. RS:JPh xvi, 1888, 73); Pt. מַחֲזִיק Ex 9:2 + 9 t.; sf. מַחֲזִקָהּ Dn 11:6; fs. מַחֲזֶקֶת Ne 4:11; pl. מַחֲזִיקִים Ne 4:10 + 5 t.; cstr. מַחֲוִיקֵי Ez 27:9, 27:27; —† 1. a. make strong, strengthen Je 51:12. b. make firm, the kingdom 2 K 15:19 ( + בְּיָדוֹ). c. display strength (late) 2 Ch 26:8 (‖וַיֵלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד וגו׳), Dn 11:32 (‖וְעָשׂוּ). † 2. make severe, of battle 2 S 11:25. † 3. sq. יד = support Ez 16:49; sq. זְרוֹעוֹת 30:25 (subj. י׳; but Co rds. Pi. as v:24) †. 4. = repair, walls of Jerus., Ne 3:4, 3:4, 3:4 + 31 t. Ne: 3; cf. (in gen.) pt. used substant. מחזיקי בדקף Ez 27:9, 27:27 of Tyre and her ships (‖מַלָּחִים, etc.) † 5. prevail, abs. Dn 11:7; sq. עַל Jb 18:9; prevail upon to בּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל הח׳ 2 K 4:8.
6. esp. take or keep hold of, seize, grasp: a. take hold of, seize, catch, sq. בְּ Gn 19:4(J), 21:18(E), Ex 4:4 (J; ‖אחז), Ju 7:20, 1 S 15:27, 2 S 1:11, 1 K 1:50, 2:28, 2 K 2:12, 4:27, Is 4:1, Zc 8:23, 8:23, Pr 7:13, 26:17, cf. also Ju 19:25, 19:29, 2 Ch 28:15; with violence Dt 22:25, 25:11, 1 S 17:35 (perh. of consec. freq., v. Dr), 2 S 2:16, 13:11; sq. לְ 2 S 15:5; fig. take hold in order to lead one (subj. י׳) sq. בְּ Je 31:32, c acc. Is 41:9, 41:13; cf. Is 51:18 (בְּ; ‖נֵהֵל); sq. acc. Na 3:14 take hold of the brick-mould, Je 6:23 = 50:42, Zc 14:13 (with violence), Ps 35:2, Ne 4:10, 4:11, seize the kingdom Dn 11:21; in metaph. Mi 4:9 (הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ חִיל), Je 6:24, 8:21, 49:24 (v.Gie), 50:43; of pious laying hold of י׳, sq. בְּ Is 64:6; cf. 27:5, 56:2, 56:4, 56:6; of other gods 1 K 9:9 = 2 Ch 7:22; laying hold of wisdom Pr 3:18, cf. 4:13, Jb 2:3, 2:9, 27:6, Je 8:5. b. have or keep hold of, sq. בְּ Ju 16:26, 2 S 3:29, Je 50:33, Ne 4:15. c. hold up, sq. בְּ, fig. = sustain, support Lv 25:35; of י׳ holding his servants Is 42:6, 45:1, cf. Jb 8:20; v. also pt. used substantively Dn 11:1 (‖מָעוֹז), v:6 (‖מֵבִיא, יֹלֵד); of Ne. holding fast to his (בְּ) his work Ne 5:16; cf. of wicked, holding to his house Jb 8:15; cleave or cling to (על) one's brethren Ne 10:30. hence c. keep, retain, sq. בְּ Ex 9:2 (J), Ju 7:8, 19:4; so Ez 7:13 Sm Co (MT Hithp.); sq. anger (acc.) Mi 7:18. d. hence also hold, contain, sq. acc. 2 Ch 4:5. † Hithp. (esp. Ch) pf. הִתְחַזַּק 2 Ch 13:7 + 3 t., etc., Impf. וַיִּתְחַוֵּק Gn 48:2 + 7 t.; וַיִּתְחַזַּק 2 Ch 21:4, 32:5; יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Ez 7:13 (but Sm Co rd. Hiph.), etc.; Imv. הִתְחַוַּק 1 K 20:22; הִתְחַזְּקוּ 1 S 4:9; Inf. cstr. לְהִתְחַזֵּק 2 Ch 13:8, 16:9; Pt. מִתְחַזֵּק 2 S 3:6, Dn 10:21; pl. מִתְחַזְּקִים 1 Ch 11:10; —1. strengthen oneself 2 S 3:6, 1 K 20:22, 2 Ch 1:1, 12:13, 13:21, 21:4, 23:1, 25:11, 27:6; sq. עַל against 2 Ch 17:1; gain strength Ezr 7:28, Dn 10:19, cf. ביהוה הִתְח׳ 1 S 30:6; fig.= take courage 2 Ch 15:8. 2. put forth strength, use one's strength Gn 48:2 (i.e. he exerted himself, he sat up by a great effort), Nu 13:20, Ju 20:22, 1 S 4:9, 2 S 10:12, 1 Ch 19:13, 2 Ch 32:5. 3. sq. לִפְנֵי withstand 2 Ch 13:7, 13:8. 4. sq. עִם hold strongly with 1 Ch 11:10, Dn 10:21, cf. of י׳, עִם לְבָבָם שָׁלֵם אֵלָיו להתח׳ 2 Ch 16:9.—For יִתְחַזָּ֑קו Ez 7:13 rd. Hiph., v. Sm Co Da.
† חָזָק adj. strong, stout, mighty;—ח׳ Ex 10:19 + 18 t.; f. חֲזָקָה Ex 3:19 + 31 t. + Ez 3:14 (Co for MT vb. 3 fs.); pl. חֲזָקִים Ju 18:25 + 2 t.; cstr. חִזְקֵי Ez 2:4 (del. Co. v. infr.) 3:7; —
1. strong: a. of men, rarely pred. Nu 13:18 (opp. רָפֶה), v:31 (compar. c. מִן), Jos 14:11, 17:18 (all JE), Ju 18:26 (compar. c. מִן); also of גֹּאֲלָם Je 50:34, Pr 23:11; of hand of י׳ Jos 4:24 (D), so Ez 3:14 LXX Co (v. supr. and חָזַק Qal 3); cf. of Tyre הָֽיְתָה חֲזָקָה בַּיָּם Ez 26:17 (del. B Co). b. usu. attrib.; of ram of Pharaoh Ez 30:22 (opp. נִשְׁבָָּרֶת); esp. of hand of י׳ in delivering Isr. from Egypt, Ex 3:19 (gloss ? v. Di), 6:1, 6:1, 13:9 (all J), Dt 6:21, 7:8, 9:26, Dn 9:15; in wonders done by agency of Moses Dt 34:12; also בְּכֹחַ גָּדוֹל וּבְיָד חֲזָקָה Ex 31:11(JE), cf. Ne 1:10, but oftener ביד חזקה וּבִזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Dt 4:34 5:15, 7:19, 11:2, 26:6, Je 32:21, Ps 136:12; of control of enemies and ,deliverance from exile Ez 20:33, 20:34; more gen. Dt 3:24 (‖גָּדְלְךָ), 1 K 8:42 = 2 Ch 6:32; of י׳'s opposition to Zedekiah Je 21:5; once of Edom, opp. Isr. בעם כבד וביד חזקה Nu 20:20 (JE). c. of sword of י׳ Is 27:1 (‖הַקָּשָׁה וְהַגְּדוֹלָה), of wind Ex 10:19 (J), 1 K 19:11; sound of trumpet (= loud) Ex 19:16 (E). d severe, sharp, hot, of war 1 S 14:52 (pred.), battle 2 S 11:15, sickness 1 K 17:17 (pred.), famine 18:2. e. firm, hard, of face, פנים Ez 3:8, forehead, מֵחַח v:8; adamant, sim. of forehead v:9 (compar., c. מִן); of sky Jb 37:18 (pred.) In pl. cstr. לֵב ח׳ Ez 2:4 hard of heart (‖קְשֵׁי פָנִים) but om. B Co, ־מֵחַחח׳ 3:7 hard (= impudent) of forehead (‖קְשֵׁי־לֵב).
2. as subst., a strong one, of י׳ (בְּחָוָק, as, in the character of, a strong one) Is 40:10; of י׳'s agent Is 28:2 (‖אַמִּץ); v. also וְחָזָק לאֹ יְאַמֵּץ כֹחוֹ Am 2:14; c. מִן comp.= one too strong for Je 31:11, Ps 35:10. In Ez 34:16 MT uses הח׳ in bad sense (‖הִשְּׁמֵנָה), LXX Co, with diff. text, in good sense (v. VB).
חָזֵק adj.verb. v. חָזַק Qal Pt. p. 304
† [חֵ֫זֶק] n.[m.] strength, only חִזְקִי י׳ Ps 18:2 (om. by error ‖ 2 S 22:2 where LXXL ἰσχύς μου). (De al. der. fr. חֹזֶק, but [חֶזְקָה] favours חֵזֶק).
† [חֶזְקָה] n.f. strength, force (strictly Inf. form fr. חזק v. Ges:§ 45. 1 b)—
1. of urgency of י׳'s hand in prophetic inspiration בְּחֶזְקַת הַיָדָ Is 8:11 (cf. חָזַק Ez 3:14).
2. of royal power כְּחֶזְקָתוֹ 2 Ch 12:1, 26:16 (‖חָזַק v:15), Dn 11:2.
† חֹ֫זֶק n.m. strength;—ח׳ cstr. Ex 13:3 + 3 t.; חָזְקֵנוּ Am 6:13; —
1. of י׳, יַד ח׳ Ex 13:3, 13:14, 13:16 (all JE).
2. national strength Am 6:13, Hg 2:22.
† חָזְקָה n.f. strength, force, violence, alw. בְּחָזְקָה with strength, force, etc.;—
1. of oppression Ju 4:3 forcibly, violently; capture by force 1 S 2:16; Ez 34:4 of ruling וּבְפָָּרֶח בְּח׳ with force and with rigour.
2. rebuke severely, sharply Ju 8:1; cry mightily, insistently Jon 3:8.—לֲחָזְקָה 2 K 12:13 v. חָוַק Qal Inf.
† חִזְקִי n.pr.m. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:17, LXX Αξακ(ε)ι; LXXL Εξεκια.
חִזְקִיָּ֫הוּ, חִזְקִיָּה, יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ, יְחִזְקִיָּה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath strengthened, י׳ stengtheneth; = As. Ḫazaḳi (i) au, Schr:COT on 2 K 18:1 ff., Jäger:BAS i, 469; cf. n.pr. יחזק on seal Gann:JAs 1883 Feb.—Mar., 134 No. 7; —on format. v. Lag:BN 134) —
1. LXX Εξεκιας, son of Ahaz, King of Judah, seldom † חִזְקִיָּה 2 K 18:1, 18:10, 18:14, 18:14, 18:15, 18:16, 18:16, also אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Pr 25:1 †; elsewh. in 2 K (exc. 20:10) חִזְקִיָּהוּ: 16:20, 18:9 + 34 t., 2 K 18–21 ‖ Is 36:1 + 31 t., Is 36–39; also † Je 26:18, 26:19, 1 Ch 3:13, 2 Ch 29:18, 29:27, 30:24, 32:15; in Ch use. יְחִזְקִיָּחוּ 1 Ch 4:41, 2 Ch 28:27 + 35 t. 2 Ch 29–33; also 2 K 20:10, Je 15:4, and in title Is 1:1; † יִחִזְקִיָה Ho 1:1, Mi 1:1 † (if י in these three be not txt. err. for וְ). †
2. חִזְקִיָּה great-great-grandfather of proph. Zephaniah Zp 1:1, LXX τοῦ Εξεκιου, perh. = 1. †
3. LXX Εξεκια(ς), חִזְקִיָּה man of royal Davidic line 1 Ch 3:23 prob. near time of Char. †
4. יְחִזְקִיָּה, LXX Εξεκια(ς), head of a family of returned exiles Ezr 2:16 = חִזְקִיָּה Ne 7:21, cf. also ח׳ Ne 10:18. †
5. יְחִוְקִיָּהוּ LXX Εξεκιας, an Ephraimite, Ahaz's time 2 Ch 28:12.
† יְחֶזְקֵאל n.pr.m. (God strengtheneth, cf. foreg.; v. Log:BN 134)—
1. the well-known priest and prophet, son of Buzi, LXX Ιεξεκιηλ, Ez 1:3, 24:24.
2. priest of 19th course (assigned to David's time) 1 Ch 24:16, LXX Εξεκηλ, LXXL (20th course, cf. A) Ιεξεκιηλ.
יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ, יְחִזְקִיָּה v. חִזְקִיָּהוּ supr.
חזר (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; perh. cf. Ar. خَزَرَ the eye was or became narrow, small, Lane:731 c; hence narrow-eyed animal).
† חֲזִיר n.m.:Ps 80:14 swine, boar (NH id.; Aram. חֲוִירָא, ܚܙܺܝܪܳܐ Ar. خِنْزِيرُ (Aram. Loan-wd. acc. to Frä:110, yet v. Lag:BN 113); Eth. xanzir: : (only once; = wild boar), v. Hom:NS 319 f. 358, 385)—alw. st. abs., 4 t. c. art. הַח׳;—
1. swine, forbidden as food Lv 11:7 (P), Dt 14:8, cf. בְּשַׂר הַח׳ Is 65:4, 66:17, and דַּס־ח׳ 66:3 as heathen offering (RS:Sem. 1, 272, 325, 338, 392); with implication of repul siveness נֶזֶם זָהָב בְּאַף ח׳ Pr 11:22 sim. of fair woman with dub. character.
2. wild boar מִיָּ֑עַר ח׳ Ps 80:14 fig. of foes of Isr. (in fig. of vineyard).
† חֵזִיר n.pr.m. (cf. inscr. in RA:1867, pl. 7, Dr:Sm xxiii; Nö:ZMG 1886, 162 ‘pointing —ֵ to avoid offence;’ but Nbr:Acad. 1887, Dec. 17 comp. Talm. & Targum (חַזּוּרָא, חֵיזוּר, חֲזוּרָא etc.) pomegranate (and apple; Syr. ܚܙܽܘܪ, ܚܙܽܪܘܳܐ), cf. בְּנֵי רִמּוֹן 2 S 4:2, 4:5, 4:9)—
1. a priest of 17th course (assigned to David's time) 1 Ch 24:15; LXX Ξηξειν (16th, v:14), but A Ιεξειρ, LXXL Ξηξειρ.
2. one of those sealed Ne 10:21; LXX Ηξειρ, LXXL Αξηρ.
† יַחְזֵרָה n.pr.m. 1 Ch 9:12 cf. אֲחַוְיָהוּ p. 28 b. p. 403
חַח, חָח v. sub חוח p. 296
† חָטָא:238 vb. miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (NH id.; Aram. חֲטָא ܚܛܳܐ As. ḫaṭû. Zim:BP 46; Sab. חַטא, החַטא id., DHM in MV; Ar. خَطِئَ do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; II. make to miss the mark; IV. miss the mark, miss the way; Eth. xat.0: fail to find or have; sts. sin, esp. in deriv.)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Ex 32:31 + 29: t., 3 fs. חָֽטְאָה Lv 5:15, La 1:8, חָטָֽאָה Je 50:14, Ez 16:15, חָטָאת Ex 5:16, etc., + 82 t. Pf.; Impf. יֶחֱטָא Lv 4:3 + 12 t., תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Ex 20:20, Ps 4:5, etc. + 20 t. Impf.; Inf. חֲטֹא Ez 3:21 + 8 t., מֵחֲטוֹא Ps 39:2, מֵחֲטוֹ (txt. err. for מחטא) Gn 20:6, בְּחֶטְאָה Nu 15:28, חֲטאֹתוֹ Ez 33:12 (del. Co); Pt. חוֹטֵא Pr 13:22 + 6 t., חֹטֵא Is 1:4, Ec 9:2, חוֹטֶא Is 65:20 + 2 t., חֹטֶא Ec 8:12, sf. חֹטְאִי Pr 8:36, pl. חֹטִ֯נַים 1 S 14:33, sf. חֹטֵאת Ez 18:4, 18:20; —
1. miss: לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Jb 5:24, אָץ בְּרַגְּלַיִם חוֹטֵא Pr 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹטְאִי חֹמֵסנַפְשׁוֹ Pr 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opp. מֹחְאִי); miss, i.e. endanger, one's life Pr 20:2, Hb 2:10 acc. to De VB (others sub 3 q.v.)
2. sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty: a. against man, abs. Ex 5:16 (E), 1 S 26:21, 2 S 19:21, 1 K 18:9, 2 K 18:14; with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, Gn 40:1 (E), Ju 11:27, 1 S 2:25, 19:4, 24:12, 1 K 8:31 = 2 Ch 6:22; מה חטאתי לך wherein have I sinned against thee ? Gn 20:9 (E) Je 37:18; with בְּ, אל תחטאו בילד Gn 42:22 (E) Je 37:18; with בְּ, אל תחטאו בילד Gn 42:22 (E) do not sin against the lad, against David 1 S 19:4, 19:5. b. elsewhere always against God, abs. Ex 20:20 (E), 9:34 (J) Jos 7:11 (D) Lv 4:3, 5:1, 5:11, 5:17, 5:17, 5:21, 5:23, Nu 16:22 (P), Ne 6:13, Jb 1:5, 1:22, 7:20, 10:14, 24:19, 35:6, Ps 4:5, 78:32, Is 43:27, 64:4, Je 2:35, La 5:7, Ez 3:21, 3:21, 16:51, 28:16, 33:12, Ho 8:11 (del. We: Kl. Proph.) v:11, 10:9, 13:2; לא נתתי לחטא חכי I have not permitted my palate to sin Jb 31:30; Pt. חֹטֵא, used as adj., sinful nation Is 1:4, sinful person Ez 18:4, 18:20; but usually as noun, sinner Pr 11:31, 13:22, 14:21, Ec 2:26, 7:26, 8:12, 9:2, 9:18, Is 65:20. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned Nu 14:40, 21:7 (E) Ju 10:15, 1 S 12:10, 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Ne 1:6, Ps 106:6, La 5:16, Dn 9:5, 9:15; חטאתי I have sinned Ex 9:27, Nu 22:34 (J) 1 S 15:24, 15:30, 2 S 24:10, 24:17, 1 Ch 21:8, 21:17, Jb 33:27. Sin is universal: אין אדם אשׁר לא יחטא there is no man who sinneth not 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36, כי אדם אין חדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב ולא יחטא Ec 7:20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God Gn 20:6 (E), 39:9 (J), Ex 32:33, Nu 32:33 (both JE), Dt 9:16, 20:18, 1 S 2:25, 12:23, 14:33, 14:34, 1 K 8:33, 8:35, 8:46, 8:50 = 2 Ch 6:24, 6:26, 6:36, 6:39, 2 K 17:7, Ho 4:7, Mi 7:9, Zp 1:17, Je 40:3, 44:23, 50:7, 50:14, Ez 14:13, Is 42:24, Jb 8:4, Ps 78:17, 119:11, Ne 1:6; in confession חטאתי ל Ex 10:16, Jos 7:20 (J), 2 S 12:13, Ps 41:5, 51:6; חטאנו ל Dt 1:41, Ju 10:10, 1 S 7:6, Je 3:25, 8:14, 14:7, 14:20, Dn 9:8, 9:11; with בְּ of instr., lips Jb 2:10, tongue Ps 39:2; wherein Ez 37:23, Lv 4:23 (P), therein Lv 5:22 (P); ellipsis of בְּ in pharse לי עונם אשׁר ח׳ (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me Je 33:8, 33:8; בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly Lv 4:2, 4:22, 4:27, 5:15, Nu 15:27, 15:28 (all P); against thy judgements Ne 9:29; with עַל with regard to Lv 5:5, Nu 6:11(P) Ne 13:26; with cognate acc. חֲטָאָה ח׳ Ex 32:30, 32:31 (JE); חַטָּאתּ אשׁר ח׳ Nu 12:11(J) Lv 4:3, 4:28, 4:28, 4:35, 5:6, 5:10, 5:13 (all P) 19:22, 19:22 (H), Dt 9:18, 1 K 14:16, 14:22, 15:30, 16:13, 16:19, 2 K 21:17, Ez 18:24, 33:16; ל חטאת אשׁר ח׳ Je 16:10, Ne 1:6; על חטאת אשׁר ח׳ Lv 4:14 (P); חֵטְא ח׳ La 1:8; חֵטְא אשׁר ח׳ Dt 19:15.
3. incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימים Gn 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, cf. 44:32 (J); c. acc. חוֹטֵא נפשׁ for feiting oneself, one's life Pr 20:2, Hb 2:10 acc. to most, yet v. sub 1.—והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח׳ Lv 5:7 he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; קרבנו אשׁר ח׳ Lv 5:11; מן־הקדשׁ את אשׁר ח׳ ישׁלּם v:16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay. Pi. Pf. חִמֵּא Lv 14:52; sf. חִטְּאוֹ Nu 19:19, חִטֵּאתָ Ex 29:36 + 2 t.; 3 pl. חִטְּאוּ Ez 43:22, 43:22; Impf. יַיְחַטֵּא Lv 8:15; sf. וַיְהַטְּאֵהוּ Lv 9:15, תְּחַטְּאֵנִי Ps 51:9, אֲחַטֶּנָּה Gn 31:39, וַיְחַטְּאוּ 2 Ch 29:24; Inf. חַטֵּא Lv 14:49, Ez 43:23; Pt. הִמְחַטֵּא Lv 6:19; —1. bear loss: אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה I bare the loss of it Gn 31:39 (E; lit I let it be missing ? poss. rd. אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it ?). 2. make a sin-offering: c. sf. referring to שׁעיר Lv 9:15 (P); to sin-offering Lv 6:19 (P); על המזבח upon the altar Ex 29:36 (P; not cleanse the altar RV); את דמם המזבחה ח׳ 2 Ch 29:24 made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar. 3. purity from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, Lv 8:15 (P), Ez 43:20, 43:22, 43:22, 43:23; the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering Ez 45:18.
4. purity from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird Lv 14:49, 14:52 (P); a person, by application of then mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer Nu 19:19 (P), by sprinkling with a hyssop spring Ps 51:9. Hiph. pf. הֶחֱטִיא 1 K 14:16 + 17 t., הֶחֶטִ֯י (Kt err. for החטִיא) 2 K 13:6; sf. הֶחֱטִיאָם 2 K 17:21; pl. הֶחֱטִיאוּ 1 K 16:13, Ne 13:26; Impf. יַחֲטִא Ju 20:16, 2 K 21:11; תַּחֲטִיא Dt 24:4; יַחֲטִא 1 K 16:2, 21:22; pl. יַחֲטִיאוּ Ex 23:33; Inf. הַחֲטִיא Ec 5:5, 1 K 16:19, Je 32:35 (Qr), הַחֲ֯טִי Je 32:35 (Kt err.); Pt. pl. cstr. מַחֲטִיאֵי Is 29:21; —1. miss the mark: קֹלֵעֵ בָּאֶבֶן אֶל־הַשַּׂעְרָה וְלאֹ יַחֲטִא Ju 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss. 2. induce or cause to sin: with acc. Ex 23:33(JE), Ne 13:26; elsewh. in the phrase החטיא את ישׂראל (he) caused Israel to sin 1 K 14:16, 15:26, 15:30, 15:34, 16:2, 16:13, 16:19, 16:26, 21:22, 22:53, 2 K 3:3, 10:29, 10:31, 13:2, 13:6, 13:11, 14:24, 15:9, 15:18, 15:24, 15:28, 23:15; c. sf. ref. to Isr. 2 K 17:21; את יהודה 2 K 21:11, 21:16, Je 32:35 (sts. c. 2nd acc.—חטאת, or אשׁר ref. to חטאת:—1 K 15:26, 15:34, 16:26, 2 K 17:21, 21:16; peob. also 1 K 14:16, 15:30, 16:13; no 2nd acc. 1 K 16:2, 16:19, 21:22, 22:53, 2 K 21:11, 23:15, Je 32:35; the rest are ambiguous). 3. bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדם Is 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation; לא תחטיא את הארץ Dt 24:4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אל תתן את־פיך לחטיא את־בשׂרך Ec 5:4 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment. Hithp. Impf. יִתְחַטָּא Nu 19:12 + 4 t., יִתְחַטְּאוּ Nu 8:21; יִתְחַטָָּאוּ Jb 41:17, תִּתְחַטְּאוּ Nu 31:19, תִּתְחַטָָּאוּ Nu 31:20; —1. miss oneself, lose oneself, fig. for be bewildered, beside oneself, מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Jb 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves (‖יגורו are afraid). 2. purity oneself from uncleanness, only in P: a.Levites Nu 8:21. b. those in contact with the dead Nu 19:12, 19:13, 19:20, 31:19, 31:20; with בְּ, בְּמֵי נִּדָּה Nu 31:23; by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water Nu 19:12.
† חֵטְא n.m.: Dt 15:9 sin (on format. v. Lag: BN 142)—ח׳ Lv 19:17 + 15 t.; sf. חָטְאוֹ Lv 24:15 + 5 t., חֲטָו֯ La 3:39, חֶטְאָם Lv 20:20; pl. חֲטָאִים Ec 10:4; cstr. חֲטָאֵי 2 K 10:29, Ez 23:49; sf. חֲטָאַי Gn 41:9, חֲטָאָָי Is 38:17, Ps 51:11, חֲטָאֵינוּ Dn 9:16, Ps 103:10, חֲטָאֵיכֶם Is 1:18; —
1. sin: a. against man Gn 41:9 (E) Ec 10:4. b. elsewh. ag. God, abs. Is 31:7, Ho 12:9; חָטָא ח׳ La 1:8 cf. Dt 19:15, 2 K 10:29; משׁפט מות ח׳ sin worthy of death Dt 21:22 = מות ח׳ 22:26; with בְּ, because of, Dn 9:16; God is entreated: hide thy face from my sins Ps 51:11; and it is said in faith, thou wilt cast behind thy back all my sins Is 38:17.
2. guilt of sin: היה חטא ב sin (the guilt of sin) come on one Dt 15:9, 21:22, 23:22, 23:23, 24:15; בחטאו מת in his sin (guilt) die Nu 27:3 (P); אישׁ בחטאו each for his own sin Dt 24:16 = 2 K 14:16 = 2 Ch 25:4; בחטא יחמתני אמי Ps 51:7 in sin (condition of sin and guilt) my mother conceived me; אם חטאיכם כשׁנים Is 1:18 though your sins be like scarlet (in guilt); לא כחטאינו עשׂה לנו Ps 103:10 not according to our sins (their guilt) hath he done to us.
3. punishment for sin: נשׂא ח׳ bear sin (its punishment) Lv 20:20, 24:15 (H), Nu 9:13, 18:22 (P); with עַל, bear sin because of Lv 19:17, 22:9 (H) Nu 18:32 (P); bear sins of idols (in worshipping idols) Ez 23:49; the ideal servant of Yahweh bore the sins of many Is 53:12; without נשׂא, only La 3:39 גבר על חטאו (wherefore doth) a man (complain) for the punishment of his sin ?
† [חַטָּא] adj. and n.m. 1. sinful, 2. sinners—as adj.f. חַטָּאָה Am 9:8, elsewhere only pl. חַטָּאִים Nu 32:14 + 15 t.; cstr. חַטָּאֵי Am 9:10; sf. חַטָּאֶיהָ Is 13:9; —
1. adj. a. sinful men Nu 32:14 (J), kingdom Am 9:8. b. exposed to condemnation, reckoned as offenders 1 K 1:21 (cf. Hiph. Pt. Is 29:21). Elsewh.
2. n.m. sinners Nu 17:3 (P), 1 S 15:18, Am 9:10, Is 1:28, 13:9, Ps 1:1, 1:15, 25:8, 26:9, 51:15, 104:35, Pr 1:10, 13:21, 23:17; ליהוה ח׳ sinners against י׳ Gn 13:13 (J).
† חַטָּאָה n.f. sinful thing, sin, Ex 34:7 (JE) Is 5:18.
† חֲטָאָה n.f. sin, sin-offering (?)—
1. sin, chiefly in the phrase גְדֹלָה ח׳ great sin Gn 20:9 (E) Ex 32:21, 32:30, 32:31 (JE), 2 K 17:21; כְּסוּי ח׳ Ps 32:1 he whose sin is covered is blessed; but the prayer of the wicked becomes sin when he is judged Ps 109:7.
2. sin-offering (acc. to most) עולה וחטאה Ps 40:7 whole burnt-offering and sin-offering (so Vrss Thes MV SS al., but < whole burnt-offering with sin v. Br: MP 329).
† חַטָּאת n.f.:1 S 14:38 (Gn 4:7 no exception for רֹבֵץ is noun = crouching beast) sin, sin-offering, ח׳ Gn 4:7 + 124 t.; לְחַטָּ֯ת Nu 15:24 (txt. err. for. לחטאת), לְחַטַּאת Zc 13:1 (but rd. לְחַטָּאת Sta:ZAW i. 35); cstr. חַטַּאת Ex 30:10 + 19 t.; sf. חַטָּאתִי Gn 31:36 + 16 t.; חַטָּאתֹיו֯ 1 K 16:26, הַּטַּאתְכֶם Ex 32:30 + 3 t.; etc., + 52 t. sf.; pl. חַטָּאוֹת 2 K 12:17 + 3 t.; cstr. חַטּאֹות Ps 25:7 + 17 t.; חַטּאֹת Nu 5:6 + 6 t.; sf. חַטּאֹותָָי Ps 25:18; חַטּאֹתָו֯ Ez 18:21, 33:16, etc., + 40 t. sf.;—
1. sin: a. against man Gn 31:36, 50:17 (E), Nu 12:11 (J) 1 S 20:1; אדם ח׳ sins against man Nu 5:6 (P). Elsewhere b. against God Lv 4:14, 4:23, 4:28 (P), 1 S 2:17, 14:38, 1 K 16:13, 16:13, 2 K 21:16, 21:17, 2 Ch 33:19, Is 3:9, 30:1, 58:1, 59:2, 59:12, 16:10, 16:18, 30:14, 30:15, 50:20, La 4:6, 4:22, Ez 16:51, 18:14, 21:29, 33:10, 33:16, Am 5:12 (We: Kl. Proph. rds. חטאיכם), as Is 1:18—v. חֵטא—on acc. of masc. עחומים), Mi 1:13, 3:8, Ps 32:5, 51:5, 59:4, Pr 5:22, 13:6, 14:34, 21:4, 24:9, Jb 13:23, 13:23, Dn 9:20, 9:20; נעורי ח׳ sins of my youth Ps 25:7; נפשׁי פרי בטני ח׳ Mi 6:7 fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the sin of myself; sin of divination 1 S 15:23; of the mouth Ps 59:13; עמי יאכלו ח׳ Ho 4:8 the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, cf. We; Targum Hi Or al. sin-offering, but this not elsewhere in early proph., and ‖עָוֹן against it, v. We: Prol. 3. 76); לפתח חטאת רבץ Gn 4:7 (J) at the door (of Cain) sin is a crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf Dt 9:21; and the high places of Beath Aven Ho 10:8; c. בְּ on the ground of sin Ne 9:37; for sin Mi 1:5, 2 K 24:3, Is 40:2, Je 15:13, 17:3, Ez 16:52; with or by sin 1 K 14:22, 16:2, Is 43:24; הלך בח׳ walk in sin 1 K 15:3, 15:26, 15:34, 16:19, 16:26, 16:31, 2 K 17:22; דבק בח׳ cleave unto sin 2 K 3:3; c. עַל on account of sin Dt 9:18, 1 K 15:30, 16:19, Mi 6:13; for sin Lv 4:3, 4:28, 4:35, 5:6, 5:13 (P) 19:22, 26:18, 26:24, 26:28 (H); יסף על ח׳ add unto sin 1 S 12:19, 2 Ch 28:13, Is 30:1, Jb 34:37; c. כְּ according to sin Lv 26:21; c. לְ to or for sin Lv 16:16, 16:21, Dt 19:15, 1 K 12:30, 13:34, Pr 10:16, Zc 13:1; c. מִן because of sin Lv 4:26, 5:6, 5:10, 16:34 (P), 19:22 (H), La 4:13; more than sin Jb 35:3; טָהַרְתִּי מֵחַטָּאתִי I am clean from my sin Pr 20:9; מגני ח׳ because of sin Ps 38:4; בגלל ח׳ because of sin 1 K 14:16; הלך אחר ח׳ walk after sin 2 K 13:2. c. men should return from sin שׁוּב מַן 1 K 8:35 = 2 Ch 6:26, Ez 18:21, 33:14; depart from it סוּר מֵעַל 2 K 10:31, 15:18; סוּר מן 2 K 13:6, 13:11, 14:24, 15:9, 15:24, 15:28; be concerned about דאג מן Ps 38:19; confess הִתְוַדָּה ח׳ Nu 5:7 (P); התודה על ה׳ Ne 1:6, 9:2. d. God deals with sin: (1) he visits punishment upon it (על) פקד Ex 32:34 (JE) Ho 8:13, 9:9, Je 14:10; inquires after it דרשׁ ל Jb 10:6; watches over it שׁמר על Jb 14:16; hoards it up Ho 13:12; (2) by forgiveness: נשׂא ה׳ Ex 10:17, 32:32 (JE), 1 S 15:25; נשׂא עון ח׳ Ps 32:5; נשׂא לח׳ Jos 24:19 (E), Ps 25:18; pardon סלח לח׳ Ex 34:9 (JE) 1 K 8:34, 8:36, 2 Ch 6:25, 6:27, 7:14, Je 36:3; removal הסר Is 27:9; העביר 2 S 12:13; casting into the depths of the sea Mi 7:19; (3) by covering over, making atonement for חַטָּֽאתְךָ תְּכֻפָָּר Is 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over; actively, כפּר עַל ח׳ Ps 79:9; כסּה ח׳ Ps 85:3 (cf. כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה Ps 32:1); לְהָתֵם ח׳ (Qr) make an end of sins Dn 9:24; (4) by blotting out מחה ח׳ Is 44:22, Je 18:23, Ps 109:14, Ne 3:37; cleanse from sin טַהֲרֵנִי מח׳ Ps 51:4; מקוֹר לח׳ a fountain for sin Zc 13:1; (5) by not remembering it לא זכר ח׳ Is 43:25; לא זכר לח׳ Je 31:34; אַל־תֵּפֶן אֶל־חַטָאתוֹ Dt 9:27 look not unto his sin. e. atonement may be secured for, כפּר בעד ח׳ Ex 32:30 (JE; Moses, by his intercession). f. acc. to P (H) the priest is to make atonement for a person (כפּר על) by sin-offering or trespass-offering; מח׳ because of sin Lv 4:26, 5:6, 5:10, 16:34; על ח׳ 4:35, 5:13 (all P), 19:22 (H; v. We:Comp., 59 = JBTh xxii, 427), so that the man is clean from sin טהר מח׳ Lv 16:30.
2. condition of sin, guilt of sin Gn 18:20, Nu 16:26, 32:23 (J), Ez 3:20, 18:24, יְהוּדָה חֲרוּשָׁה עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם ח׳ וּלְקַרְנוֹת מִוְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶם the sin (guilt) of Judah is graven upon the table of their hear, and upon the horns of your altars Je 17:1.
3. punishment for sin: כָל־הַגּוֹיִם מִחְרָָיִם וח׳ זאֹת תִּהְיֶה ח׳ Zc 14:19 this will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the plague with which Yahweh will smite them).
4. sin-offering: one of the kinds of offerings of P, Lv 7:37; first in the history 2 K 12:17 (reign of Jehoash), where חטּאת of money given to priests; elsewh. only in Chr.; 2 Ch 29:21, 29:23, 29:24 Hezekiah had made a ח׳ of 7 חְפִירֵי עִוִּים at purification of temple; Ezr 8:35 12 חְפִירֵי ח׳ were offered; Ne 10:34 ח׳ ‖עולות;—in these no evidence of special ritual. Sin-offering elsewh. only in codes of H Ez and P.—On Ho 4:8 v. 1. supr. In H, Lv 23:19 a שׂעיר עזים, for feast of weeks. In Ez ח׳ in gen. ‖ other sacrifices, Ez 40:39, 45:17, 45:25, 46:20; and priests eat them Ez 42:13, 44:29. At dedication of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of the 7 days following a שׂעיר עזים was to be offered Ez 43:19, 43:21, 43:22, 43:25. On first day of first month a young bullock was to offered to cleanse the sanctuary: its blood put on the door posts of the house and of the gate of the inner court an on the four corners of the settle of the altar; also on the seventh day (LXX first day of seventh month) Ez 45:17, 45:19 (cf. v:18, v:20). On 14th day of first month the prince was to offer a bullock for himself and the people and on each of the 7 days of the Passover week a שׂעיר עזים Ez 45:22, 45:23. When a priest entered the sanctuary to minister after his cleaning he was to offer his sin-offering Ez 44:27. P gives several grades: a. a ruler should offer a he-goat Lv 4:24, 4:25, Nu 7:16, 7:22, 7:28, 7:34, 7:40, 7:46, 7:52, 7:58, 7:64, 7:70, 7:76, 7:82, 7:87; an ordinary person a she-goat Lv 4:29 (cf. v:28) 5:6, Nu 15:27, ewe lamb Lv 4:32, 4:33, 4:33, 4:34, 14:19, Nu 6:14, 6:16, a turtle dove or young pigeon Lv 5:7, 5:8, 5:9, 5:9, 12:6, 12:8, 14:22, 14:31, 15:15, 15:30, Nu 6:11, or one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour Lv 5:11, 5:11, 5:12; according to ability of the person, and nature of offence. The victim was brought unto the tent of meeting, the hands of the offerer laid on its head, it was slaughtered by the offerer, the priest took some of the blood and put it on horns of altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of it, to cover over the sin, or cleanse the altar from the sin defiling it. All the fat pieces (cf. Lv 4:22, 4:35) and a handful of the flour (cf. Lv 5:12) were burned on altar. The rest of the flesh and the flour were eaten by priests in court of Holy place Lv 5:13, 6:10, 6:18, 6:18, 6:23 (cf. v:11, v:19), 7:7, 10:16, 10:17, 10:19, 10:19, 14:13, Nu 18:9. b. a bullock was offered for priests Ex 29:14, 29:36, Lv 4:3, 4:8, 4:20, 8:2, 8:14, 8:14, 9:2, 9:7, 9:8, 9:10; for Levites at their installation Nu 8:8, 8:12 and for whole congregation Lv 4:14, 4:21; but usu. offering for congregation was he-goat Nu 15:24, 15:25, esp. at dedication of altar Lv 9:3, 9:15, 9:22. and in ritual of feasts Nu 28:15, 28:22, 28:30, 29:5, 29:11, 29:16, 29:19, 29:22, 29:25, 29:28, 29:31, 29:34, 29:38. Before consecr. of the tabernacle the blood went to altar of burnt-offering (Lv 9:9), but subsequ. some of it was sprinkled seven times before the vail and some of it put on horns of altar of incense to cleanse this higher altar; the fast pieces were burned on altar of burnt-offering, and the rest of the victim burned without the camp (Lv 4:3–21, 6:23, 8:16, 8:17, 9:10, 9:11). c. on day of atonement, sin-offering for high priest was a bullock Lv 16:3, 16:6; and for congregation two he-goats, one לַעֲזָאזֵל (v. עזאזל) Lv 16:5 (cf. v:8, v:10, v:20, v:22), the other for sacrifice ליהוה Lv 16:9 (cf. v:8). Some of the blood of Aaron's bullock was first taken into innermost sanctuary and sprinkled on the כפרת and seven times before it; so also blood of the he-goat Lv 16:11, 16:11, 16:15 (cf. v:12–14, v:16, v:17) to cleanse highest altar: then the blood of the two victims was applied to lower altars as in a and b and so sin was covered over at the three altars Ex 30:10 (cf. Lv 16:16–19). The fat pieces went to altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the victims was burnt without the camp Lv 16:25, 16:27, 16:27. (Sins which might be covered over were limited to those committed בשׁגגה Lv 4:2, 4:22, 4:27, Nu 15:27, לשׁגגה Nu 15:24, minor offences Lv 5:1–6; and ceremonial uncleanness Lv 12:6, 12:8, 14:13, 15:15, Nu 6:11, 6:14.)—Pharses for sacrificing are: עשׂה ח׳ Lv 9:7, 9:22, 14:19, Nu 6:16, Ez 45:17, הקריב ח׳ Lv 10:19, Ez 44:27, שׁחט ח׳ Lv 14:13, Ez 40:39.
5. purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness, all P: ח׳ מֵ׳ Nu 8:7 water of purification from sin; הוּא נִדָּה ח׳ מֵ׳ water of (cleansing from) impurity, it is a purification from sin Nu 19:9; עֲפַר שְׂרֵפַת הח׳ Nu 19:17 ashes of the burning of the purification from sin (RV renders sin-offering; but there was no offering made, only water of purification was used).
† I. [חָטַב] vb. cut or gather wood, usu. firewood (NH id.; Ar. حَطَبُ firewood, حَطَبَ collect firewood (v. Wetzst in De:Ps 144:12); Eth. h.at.aba: cut (or gather) firewood)—Qal Impf. יַחְטְבוּ Ez 39:10; Inf. לַחְטֹב Dt 19:5; Pt. חֹטֵב Dt 29:10; pl. חֹטְבִים 2 Ch 2:9; cstr. חֹטְבֵי Jos 9:21 + 3 t.; pass. pl. f. חֲטֻבוֹת Pr 7:16—cut or gather wood, sq. acc. Dt 19:5, 29:10 (‖שׁאב מים); cf. Ez 39:10 מן־היערים (obj. in preceding cl.); 2 Ch 2:9 (‖כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵחִים); Pt. cstr. עחים ח׳ Je 46:22, and (‖שֹׁאֲבֵי מַיִם) Jos 9:21, 9:23, 9:27. Pu. Pt. מְחֻטָּבוֹת Ps 144:12 meaning dub.; perhaps hewn (so, in substance, Thes MV SS Ew Che Bae; v. however II. חטב), of corner-pillars (זָוִיּוֹת v. זָוִית p. 265 supr.), sim. of beautiful, stately daughters.
II. חטב (√of foll.; cf. Ar. حَطِبَ be of the colour خُطْبَةُ, i.e. turbid, dusky, mixed with yellowish red, etc.; Aram. Pt. ܡܚܰܛܒܬܳܐ variegated SyrVer 2 S 13:19).
† חֲטֻבוֹת n.f.pl. dark-hued stuffs, only in חֲטֻםבוֹת אֵטוּן מִחְרַיִם Pr 7:16 dark-hued stuffs (of) yarn of Egypt (‖מַרְבַַדִּים), v. De Now; מְחֻטָּבוֹת Ps 144:12 der. fr. this √ by De (q.v., and Wetzt.'s n.), but v. I. חטב.
חִטָּה wheat, v. sub חנט. p. 334
חטט (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. خَطَّ make lines, marks, خَطَّ line, streak, stripe; Aram. ܚܰܛ, חֲטַט dig, ܚܛܽܘܛܳܐ furrow, trench).
† חֲטִיטָא n.pr.m. head of a Levit. family, returned exiles Ezr 2:42 LXX Ατητα, = Ne 7:45 LXX Ατειτα; in both A Ατιτα, LXXL Αζιζα.
חטל (√of foll.; Ar. خَطِلَ = be flabby (of ear), be tall, long, quivering, be light, quick).
† חַטִּיל n.pr.m. head of a family of ‘the children of Sol.'s servants’ Ezr 2:57 LXX Αττεια, A Αττιλ = Ne 7:59 LXX Εγηλ, A Εττηλ, LXXL Αττιλ in both.
† חָטַם vb. hold in, restrain (Ar. خَطِمَ strike the nose, attach the خِتَامُ = camel-halter, خَطْمُ n. muzzle, nose of beast; NH חֲטָם nose-ring of camel, חוֹטָם; Aram. חוּטְמָא nose; cf. חטם, Inscr. Zinj.; acc. to DHM:Sendsch. 34, of taming wild beasts)—Qal Impf. אֶחֱטָם־לָָךְ :לְבִלְתִּי הַכְרִיתֶֽךָ Is 48:9 I will restrain for thee (mine anger), not to cut thee off (‖אַאֲרִיח אַפִּי).
† חָטַף vb. catch, seize (Ar. خَطِفَ; cf. As. taḫṭîpu, oppression, Dl:Pr 181; NH חָטַף, Aram. ܚܛܰܦ seize, חֲטַף do hurriedly)—Qal Pf. וַחֲטַפְתֶּם consec. Ju 21:21 lit., seize wives; Impf. יַחֲטֹף עָנִי Ps 10:9; Inf. לַחֲטוֹף עָנִי Ps 10:9 both fig. of oppressor catching the distressed; all sq. acc.
† חֲטִיפָא n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim, post-exil., Ezr 2:54 LXX Ατουφα, A Ατιφα = Ne 7:56 LXX Ατειφα; LXXL both Ατουφα.
חטר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. خَطَرَ lash with the tail, move spear up and down, shake, quiver (said of spear), etc.; Aram. ܚܽܘܛܪܳܐ, חוּטְרָא, As. ḫutartu, all = staff, Schr:COT Gloss and on 2 K 9:2; חטר sceptre, Inscr. Zinj. DHM:Sendsch. 57; on format. v. Lag:BN 144).
† חֹ֫טֶר n.m. branch or twig, rod—metaph. abs. ח׳ branch, twig, Is 11:1 מִגֶּזַע יִשָָׁי ויחא ח׳ (‖ נֵחֶר); cstr. rod, בְּפִי־אֱוִיל חֹמֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה Pr 14:3.
חַטָּת v. חַטָּאת sub חטא. p. 308
חטשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).
† חַטּוּשׁ n.pr.m. 1. man of Davidic line, post-exil., 1 Ch 3:22 LXX Χαττους LXXL Ατους, Ezr 8:2 LXX Τους, A LXXL Αττους. 2. a builder at the wall of Jerus. Ne 3:10, LXX Ατουθ, LXXL Αττους. 3. head of priestly house, post-exil., Ne 10:5 LXX Τους, LXXL Αττους. 12:2 LXXL Αττους (B om.); relation to 2 dubious.
חַי, חִיאֵל v. sub חיה infr. p. 27, 311, 313
חִידָה v. sub חוד. p. 295
חָיָה:283 vb. live (NH Ph. id.; Ar. حَيَّ, حَيِيَ; Sab. חיו Mordt:ZMG 1876, 28; Eth h.aywa: Aram. ܚܝܳܐ, חֲיָא; Palm. חיי life, life-time, Vog:32, 74)—Qal:203 Pf. חָיָה Ec 6:6 + 4 t.; יְ֯חָיָה Je 21:9, 38:2; חַי Gn 5:5 + 23 t. (this and the following form are treated as עע, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either הל or עע, Ges:§ 76 (2) g); וְחֵי Lv 25:36 (Bö:§ 1181); 3 fs. חָֽיְתָה Gn 12:13, Je 38:17; וָחָָיָה Ex 1:16 (for חַיָּה Bö:§ 1123 (3), Sam. חיתה); 2 ms. חָיִיתָ Dt 30:16, חָיִתָה Je 38:17; 3 m. pl. חָיוּ Nu 14:38, וְחָיוּ consec. Nu 4:19 + Zc 10:9 (where rd. Pi. וְחִיּוּ Sta:ZAW i. 1881, 22 so LXX); וִחְיִיתֶם Ez 37:5 + 2 t.; Impf. יִחְיֶה Gn 17:18 + 27 t.; יְחִי Dt 33:6 + 10 t.; וִיחִי Ps 49:10 + 2 t.; וְיֶחִָי Is 38:21, וַיְחִי Gn 5:3 + 37 t.; וַיֶּחִָי Dt 4:33 + 4 t.; 3 fs. תִּחְיֶה Jos 6:17, תְּחִי Gn 19:20 + 5 t.; 2 ms. תִּחְיֶה Gn 27:40 + 7 t.; 2 fs. תִּחְיִי 2 K 4:7; 1 s. אֶחְיֶה 2 K 1:2 + 8 t.; 3 mpl. יִחְיוּ Jos 9:21 + 8 t.; 3 fpl. תִּחְיֶינָה Ez 13:19, 37:3; 2 mpl. תִּחְיוּ Dt 4:1 + 2 t.; תִּחְיוּן Dt 5:30, 8:1; 1 pl. נִחְיֶה 2 K 7:4 + 7 t.; Imv. וֶחְיֵה Gn 20:7, Pr 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Pr 7:2; fs. חֲיִי Ez 16:6, 16:6; mpl. וִחְיוּ Gn 42:18 + 7 t.; Inf. abs. חָיֹה 2 K 8:10 + 6 t.; חָיוֹ Ez 3:21 + 3 t.; cstr. לִחְיוֹת Ez 33:12, sf. חֲיוֹתָם Jos 5:8; —
1. live: a. have life, Gn 31:32 (E), Ex 33:20 (J), Nu 4:19 (P), Dt 30:16 +; also in phrase וַיְחִי and he lived (so many years) with acc. of time, Gn 5:3–30 (16 t.) 9:28, 11:11–26 (14 t.) 47:28 (all P), 50:22 (E), 2 K 14:17 = 2 Ch 25:25, Jb 42:16. b. continue in life, remain alive Gn 20:7 (E), Lv 25:36, 2 S 12:22 +; also † נפשׁ ח׳ live, of the soul or the self Gn 12:13, 19:20 (J), 1 K 20:32, Ps 119:175, Je 38:2, 38:17, 38:20, Is 55:3; זְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד and the boy may live 2 S 12:22; † לִפְנֵי ח׳ live in the presence of Gn 17:18 (P) Ho 6:2; † ב׳ ח׳ live among La 4:20. † c. sustain life, live on or upon (על), of the animal life, by the sword Gn 27:40 (J), by bread Dt 8:3; elsewh. in pregnant sense of fulness of life in divine favour, sustained by (על) everything that issueth out of the mouth of י׳ Dt 8:3; his promises (?) Is 38:16; of wicked man, by repentance Ez 33:19; c. בְּ by the statutes and judgments of י׳ if a man do them, Lv 18:5 (H) Ez 20:11, 20:13, 20:21, 20:25, Ne 9:29; חַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live Hb 2:4. † d. live (prosperously) יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך may the king live 1 S 10:24, 2 S 16:16, 16:16, 1 K 1:25, 1:31, 1:34, 1:39, 2 K 11:12, 2 Ch 23:11; יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם Ps 22:27, 69:33; המלך לעולם יחיה Ne 2:3. †
2. be quickened, revive: a. from sickness Nu 21:8, 21:9, Jos 5:8 (E) 2 K 1:2, 8:8, 8:9, 8:10, 8:14; 2 K 20:1, 20:7 = Is 38:1, 38:9, 38:21. b. fr. discouragement of the spirit Gn 45:27 (E). c. fr. faintness Ju 15:19. d. fr. death 2 K 13:21, Jb 14:14, Is 26:14, 26:19; by return of נפשׁ 1 K 17:22, of רוּהַ Ez 37:3, 37:5, 37:6, 37:9, 37:10, 37:14 (and so Ju 15:19 c). † Pi. Pf. 3 ms. חִיָּה Ps 22:30; 3 fs. sf. חִיָּ֑תְנִי Ps 119:50; 2 ms. sf. חִיִּיתַנִי Ps 30:4; חִיִּיתָָנִי Ps 119:93; 3 pl. חִיּוּ Ju 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Nu 31:15; Impf. יְחַיֶּה 1 S 27:9 +, etc.; Imv. sf. חַיֵּנִי Ps 119:25 + 8 t., חַיֵּיהוּ Hb 3:2; Inf. cstr. חַיּוֹת Gn 7:3, Ez 13:19; sf. חַיֹּתֵנוּ Dt 6:24 +, etc.; Pt. מְחַיֶּה Ne 9:6, 1 S 2:6; —1. preserve alive, let live Ex 1:17, 1:18, 1:22, 22:17, Jos 9:15 (JE), Gn 12:12 (J), Nu 31:15 (P), Dt 6:24, 20:16, Ju 21:14, 1 S 27:9, 27:11, 1 K 18:5, 2 K 7:4, Je 49:11, Ez 3:18, Hb 3:2, Jb 36:6, Ps 30:4, 33:19, 41:3, 138:7; נפשׁ ח׳ preserve oneself alive Ps 22:30, Ez 18:27, or preserve persons alive Ez 13:18, 13:19, or preserve life 1 K 20:31; זרע ח׳ preserve seed alive Gn 7:3, 19:32, 19:34 (J); keep in existence heaven and earth Ne 9:6; nourish, young cow Is 7:21, lamb 2 S 12:3. 2. give life, to man when created Jb 33:4.
3. quicken, revive, refresh: a. restore to life, the dead 1 S 2:6, Dt 32:39, Ho 6:2; the dying Ps 71:20. b. cause to grow, grain Ho 14:8. c. restore, a ruined city 1 Ch 11:8, stones destroyed by fire Ne 3:34. d. revive, the people of י׳ by י׳ himself with fulness of life in his favour Ps 80:19, 85:7, 119:25, 119:37, 119:40, 119:50, 119:88, 119:93, 119:107, 119:149, 119:154, 119:156, 119:159, 143:11, Ec 7:12. † Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱיָה Jos 6:25 + 5 t.; 2 ms. sf. הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Gn 47:25; 1 s. הֶחֱיֵיתִי Nu 22:33, הַחֲיִתֶם Jos 2:13, Ju 8:19; Imv. sf. הַחֲיֵינִי Is 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Nu 31:18; Inf. abs. הַחֲיֵה Jos 9:20; cstr. הַחֲיוֹת Gn 6:20 + 6 t.; הַחֲיֹת Gn 6:19, 50:20; sf. הַחֲיֹתוֹ Ez 13:22; —1. preserve alive, let live Gn 45:7, 50:20 (E), 47:25, Nu 22:33, Jos 2:13, 6:25 (all J), 14:10 (D); Gn 6:19, 6:20, Nu 31:18, Jos 9:20 (P), Ju 8:19, 2 S 8:2, Ez 13:22; with נפשׁ Gn 19:19 (J). 2. quicken, revive: a. restore to health, a leper 2 K 5:7, Hezekiah Is 38:16. b. revive the לֵב and רוּחַ Is 57:15, 57:15. c. restore to life, the dead 2 K 8:1, 8:5, 8:5, 8:5.
† I. חַי adj. alive, living;—ח׳ Gn 25:6 +; חָָי Gn 3:20 +, חֵי Am 8:14 + 15 t. (Ew:§ 329 explains as cstr., but Ges:§ 93, R 7 n al. as contracted abs.); f. חַיָּה Gn 1:20 +; pl. חַיִּים Ps 116:9 +;—
1. a. of God, as the living one, the fountain of life אֵל חַי Jos 3:10 (J), Ho 2:1, Ps 42:3, 84:3; אלהים חי 2 K 19:4, 19:16 = Is 37:4, 37:17; אלהים חיים Dt 5:23, 1 S 17:26, 17:36, Je 10:10, 23:36; חי יהוה Yahweh is living Ps 18:47 = 2 S 22:47; גאלי חי my avenger is living Jb 19:25; the formula of the oath is חַי י׳ Ju 8:19, Ru 3:13, 1 S 14:39, 14:45, 19:6, 20:21, 25:34, 26:10, 26:16, 28:10, 29:6, 2 S 4:9, 12:5, 14:11, 15:21, 1 K 1:29, 2:24, 17:1, 17:12, 18:10, 22:14 = 2 Ch 18:13, 2 K 5:16, 5:20, Ho 4:15, Je 4:2, 5:2, 12:16, 16:14, 16:15, 23:7, 23:8 38:16; חי אל Jb 27:2; האלהים ח׳ 2 S 2:27; חי אדני י׳ Je 44:26; חבאות תי י׳ 1 K 18:15, 2 K 3:14; as used by God Himself it is חי אנכי Dt 32:40, elsewhere חי אני Nu 14:21, 14:28 (P) Is 49:18, Je 22:24, 46:18, Ez 5:11, 14:16, 14:18, 14:20, 16:48, 17:16, 17:19, 18:3, 20:3, 20:31, 20:33, 33:11, 33:27, 34:8, 35:6, 35:11, Zp 2:9, cf. also חֵי דרך באר שׁבע, חֵי אלהיך דן Am 8:14; with the exception of בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Dn 12:7, חֵ׳ is always (as an artificial distinction of scribes) used of non-sacred oaths, v. b. b. of man: אָדָם חַי a living man La 3:39, in antith מֵת:חי חי Is 38:19; הַחַי collective Ec 7:2; Absalom 2 S 19:7; Naboth 1 K 21:15; a son or lad 2 S 12:21, 1 K 3:22, 3:22, 3:23, 3:23, 3:25, 3:26, 3:26, 3:27, 17:23; usually pl. חיים alive, living Nu 16:30, 16:33 (J), 17:13 (P), Dt 4:4, 5:3, Is 8:19, Ps 55:16, 124:3, Pr 1:12, Ec 4:2, 4:2, 4:15, 6:8, 9:4, 9:5, Ru 2:20; taking prisoners alive Jos 8:23 (J) 1 S 15:8, 1 K 20:18, 20:18, 2 K 7:12, 10:14, 10:14, 2 Ch 25:12; living (prosperously) 1 S 25:6 (We rds. לָחִי = לְאָחִי (v. Klo Dr) to my brother, after Vulgate fratribus meis); elsewh. in phrase (פני) חיים על (אַתֶּם)האדמה כל־הימים אשׁר הֵם all the days that they (ye) live upon (the face of) of the land Dt 4:10, 12:1, 31:13, 1 K 8:40 = 2 Ch 6:31. Note phrases: (ים) עוֹד חַי yet alive Gn 25:6, 43:7, 43:27, 43:28, 45:28, 46:30 (J), 45:3, 45:26, Ex 4:18 (E), Dt 31:27, 1 S 20:14, 2 S 12:22, 18:14, 1 K 20:32; בהיות חי 2 S 12:18, 1 K 12:6, 2 Ch 10:6; חַיִים(ה)אֶרֶץ land of the living Is 38:11, 53:8, Je 11:19, Ez 26:20, 32:23, 32:24, 32:25, 32:26, 32:27, 32:32, Ps 27:13, 52:7, 142:6, Jb 28:13; ארחות הח׳ Ps 116:9; ספר ח׳ Ps 69:29; חרור הח׳ bundle of the living 1 S 25:29; אור הח׳ light of the living Jb 33:30, Ps 56:14. In the oath by life of men חי is pointed always חֵי:חֵי אדני המלך as my lord the king liveth 2 S 15:21; חֵי פרעה Gn 42:15, 42:16 (E); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 S 1:26, 17:55, 2 S 14:19; חַ׳ וְחֵי נַפְשְׁךָ י׳ as Yahweh liveth and as thy soul (or thyself) liveth 1 S 20:3, 25:26, 2 K 2:2, 2:4, 2:6, 4:30 חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי נ׳ 2 S 11:11 (but on txt. v. We Dr). c. of animals, alive, living: ox Ex 21:35, 22:3 (E); goat Lv 16:10, 16:20, 16:21 (P); bird Lv 14:4, 14:6, 14:6, 14:7, 14:51, 14:53; dog, לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ec 9:4 (comp. Ar. prov. Kelb ḥei wa-lâ meijit, a living dog and no dead lion Wetzst:Verhand. Berl. Anthrop. Ges. 1878, 388); reptiles Gn 1:28 (P); animals in general Gn 9:3 (P); בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Lv 13:10, 13:14, 13:15, 13:15, 13:16 (P) 1 S 2:15. d. animals and man, phrases for either or both: כל ח׳ Gn 3:20, 8:21 (J) Jb 12:10, 28:21, 30:23, Ps 143:2, 145:16; כל החי Gn 6:19 (P); נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gn 1:20, 1:24, 1:30 (P) 2:7, 2:19 (J); כל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gn 9:12, 9:15, 9:16 (P) Ez 47:9; כל נפשׁ החיה Gn 1:21, 9:10, Lv 11:10, 11:46 (P). e. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green, Ps 58:10 (Ges Ew Ol Pe, but De Ri Che Bae raw flesh, v.c. supr. ad fin.) f. of water, flowing, fresh מים חיים Gn 26:19 (J), Lv 14:5, 14:6, 14:50, 14:51, 14:52, 15:13, Nu 19:17 (P), Je 2:13, 17:13, Zc 14:8, Ct 4:15.
2. (dub.) lively, active: אישׁ חַי an active man 2 S 23:20 (but Qr אישׁ חַיִל is to be preferred); איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Ps 38:20 (RV, but Houb Ol Ew Hu Che al. rd. חִנָּם, ‖שׁקר).
3. reviving: כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time (when it is) reviving, the spring Gn 18:10, 18:14 (J), 2 K 4:16, 4:17.
† II. [חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk (Ar. حَيَّ a group of families united by vital ties RS: K 36–40 Dr: Sm 119), pl. sf. חַיַּי 1 S 18:18, incorrectly pointed with the interpretation my life RV, but rd. חַיִּי my kins-flok, We Ki Dr RS SS RVm VB. It is explained by the gloss משׁפחת אבי We (Klo rds. אַחַי וּ).
† I. חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal (Zinj. wild beast DHM: Sendsch. 34)—ח׳ Gn 8:17 +; cstr. חַיַּת Is 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֹ Gn 1:24, Ps 50:10, 79:2, 104:11, 104:20, Is 56:9, 56:9, Zp 2:14; sf. חַיָּתִי Ps 143:3, etc.; pl. חַיּוֹת Lv 14:4 + 12 t.—
1. animal, as living, active being: a. in general, Gn 8:17, Lv 11:2, 11:27, 11:47, 11:47, Nu 35:3 (P) Ps 104:25, Is 46:1, Dn 8:4. b. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity Gn 7:14, 7:21, 8:1, 8:19, 9:5 (P) Lv 17:13, 25:7 (H) Jb 37:8, Ps 148:10, Is 40:16, Ez 14:15, 33:27, Zp 2:14, 2:15; ח׳ קנה Ps 68:31 wild animal of the reeds; רעה ח׳ evil beast Gn 37:20, 37:33 (JE) Lv 26:6 (H) Ez 5:17, 14:15, 14:21, 34:25; טמאה ח׳ Lv 5:2 (P) unclean beast; הארץ ח׳ Gn 1:25, 1:30, 9:2, 9:10, 9:10 (P) 1 S 17:46, Ez 29:5, 32:4, 34:28, Jb 5:22; חיתו ארץ Gn 1:24 (P) Ps 79:2; השׂדה ח׳ Ex 23:11, 23:29 (covt. code.) Lv 26:22 (H) Dt 7:22, 2 S 21:10, 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18, Ho 2:14, 2:20, 4:3, 13:8, Is 43:20, Je 27:6, 28:14, Ez 38:20, 39:4, Jb 5:23, 39:15; השׂדה כל ח׳ Gn 2:19; 2:20, 3:1; 3:14 (J) Jb 40:20, Je 12:9, Ez 31:6, 31:13, 34:5, 34:8, 39:17; חיתו שׂדי Is 56:9, Ps 104:11; יער(ב)חיתו Is 56:9, Ps 50:10, 104:20; פְּרִיץ חיות Is 35:9 destroyer among beasts. c. living beings, of the cherubic chariot Ez 1:5, 1:13, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:15, 1:19, 1:19, 1:20, 1:21, 1:22, 3:13, 10:15, 10:17, 10:20.
2. life, only in late poetry, Ps 143:3, Jb 33:18, 33:20, 33:22, 33:28, 36:14, Ez 7:13, 7:13, and (dub.) Ps 74:19, 78:50.
3. appetite, activity of hunger: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Jb 38:39.
4. revival, renewal: חַיַּת יָדֵךְ מָחָאתְ thou didst find renewal of thy strength (re-invigoration) Is 57:10; v. חָיָה 2..
† II. חַיָּה n.f. (si veral.) community ( = fem. of II. חַי acc. to Nö: ZMG, 1886, 176)—וְחַיַּת פְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines (i.e. a group of allied families, making a raid together) was encamping 2 S 23:13 ( = מַחֲנֵה 1 Ch 11:15); perh. also Ps 68:11 (cf. infr.)
Note.—Several other passages are dub.: וַיֵּאָסְפוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים לַחַיָּה 2 S 23:11 assembled into a troop, or by bands (RV, but neither rend. juatif.: Bö Ew We Klo Dr rightly rd. לֶ֫חְיָה to Leḥi, cf. Ju 15:9 wd. om. by accident in ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 Dr); חַיָּתְֽךָ יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָהּ Ps 68:11 thy troop dwelt in it (Thes SS RVm Hi Ri Che, but LXX SyrVer Jer Pe thy (living) creatures, of the people; Hup id., ref. to quails; improb.); אַל־תִּתֵּן לְחַיַּת נֶפֶשׁ תּוֹרֶךָ חַיַּת עֲנִיֶּיךָ אַל־תִּשְׁלכּח לָנֶ֫חַח Ps 74:19 give not the soul of thy turtle-dove to the wild beasts, the life of thine afflicted do not forget for ever: RV Hi Pe Bae Sch render thus, giving חית diff. meanings in the two clauses, the former being archaic fem. abs. Ges:§ 80, 2. R. 2; text doubtless corrupt, rd. poss. למות Schr Ri, for לחית, or לשׁחת Kroch; Gr either of these; Che either, or better לחרב.
† [חָיֶה] adj. having the vigour of life, lively (on format. v. Lag:BN 49)—fpl. חָיוֹת Ex 1:19 (E), of Hebrew women in childbirth, bearing quickly easily.
† חַיִּים n.m.:Dt 28:66 pl.abstr. emph. life, ח׳ Gn 2:7 +; חַיִּין Jb 24:22 (Aramaism Ges:§ 87 (1) a); חַיֵּי Gn 23:1 +; sf. חַיַּי Gn 47:9 +; חַיָּ֑יְבִי Ps 103:4; (Ges:§ 91 (2) R. 2), etc.;—
1. life: physical Gn 27:46, Ex 1:14 (P), Dt 28:66, 28:66, 2 S 11:11, 15:21, Is 38:12, Je 8:23, La 3:53, 3:58, Ez 7:13, Jb 3:20, 7:7, 9:21, 10:12, 24:22, Ps 7:6, 17:14, 21:5, 26:9, 31:11, 34:13, 63:4, 64:2, 66:9, 88:4, 103:4, Pr 18:21, Ec 2:17, 6:12, 7:13, 9:9, 9:9, 10:19, Jon 2:7, 4:3, 4:8; חַיֵּי שׂרה life of Sarah Gn 23:1(P) שְׁנֵי ח׳ years of the life of 2 S 19:35, Gn 23:1, Gn 25:7, 25:17, 47:8, 47:9, 47:9, 47:28, Ex 6:16, 6:18, 6:20 (P); שָׁנָה לח׳ Gn 7:11 (P); שְׁנוֹת חַיִּים Pr 3:2, 4:10, 9:11; יְמֵי ח׳ days of the life of Ec 2:3, 5:17, 5:19, 6:12, 8:15, 9:9; כֹּל יְמֵי ח׳ Gn 3:14, 3:17 (J) Dt 4:9, 6:2, 16:3, 17:19, Jos 1:5, 4:14 (D) 1 S 1:11, 7:15, 1 K 5:1, 11:34, 15:5, 15:6, 2 K 25:29, 25:30 = Je 52:33, 52:34, Is 38:20 (poem of Hez.) Ps 23:6, 27:4, 128:5, Pr 31:12; בּח׳ in or during one's life Gn 27:46 (P) Lv 18:18 (H) Ju 16:30, 2 S 1:23, 18:18, Ps 49:19, 63:5, 104:33, 146:2, Jb 10:1, Ec 3:12, 9:3; רוּחַ ח׳ Gn 6:17, 7:15 (P); רוּחִי ח׳ Is 38:16 (poem of Hez.); בשׂרים ח׳ Pr 14:30; ח׳ (רוּחַ)נִשְׁמַת Gn 2:7, 7:22 (J).
2. life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence Pr 16:15; as consisting of earthly felicity combined (often) with spiritual blessedness Dt 30:6, 30:15, 30:19, 30:19, 30:20, 32:47, Ps 30:6, 133:3, Pr 3:22, 4:13, 4:22, 8:35, 10:16, 11:19, 12:28, 19:23, 21:21, 22:4, Mal 2:5; used only once distinctly of eternal life (late) עולם ח׳ Dn 12:2; אֵל חַיָּ֑י Ps 42:9 God of my life; מעוז ח׳ Ps 27:1; מקור ח׳ Ps 36:10, Pr 10:11, 13:14, 14:27, 16:22; חַיִּים(ה)עֵץ Gn 2:9, 3:22, 3:24 (J) Pr 3:18, 11:30, 13:12, 15:4; ארח ח׳ Ps 16:11, Pr 5:6, 15:24; ארח לח׳ Pr 10:17; ארחות ח׳ Pr 2:19; דֶּרֶח חַיִּים(ה) Pr 6:23, Je 21:8; חקּות ח׳ Ez 33:15; תּוחאות ח׳ Pr 4:23 sources (origin and direction) of life; תוכחת ח׳ Pr 15:31; כָּתוּב לַחַיִּים Is 4:3 written unto life.
3. sustenance, maintenance: חַיִּים לְנַעֲרוֹתֶיךָ Pr 27:27 maintenance for thy maidens, v. מִחְיַה infr.
† חַיּוּת n.f.abstr. אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת 2 S 20:3, lit. ‘widowhood of livingness,’ Dr; We rds. אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת living widows (‘grass-widows,’ who were separated from their husbands), after LXX χῆραι ζῶσαι, so SS.
† מִחְיָה n.f. preservation of life, sustenance, מ׳ Gn 45:5 + 4 t.; cstr. מִחְיַת Lv 13:10, 13:24; sf. מִחְיָתֶָךָ Ju 17:10; —
1. preservation of life Gn 45:5 (E), 2 Ch 14:12.
4. the quick (בָּשָׂר) מִחְיַת the quick (or raw spot) of the flesh Lv 13:10, 13:24 (P).
† חִיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl lives (or abbrev. for יחיאל); Sab. חיאל, name of coin, after n.pr. of king DHM:ZMG 1875, 613, 1883, 15; cp. also foll., and Ph. מריחי, כמשיחי)—name of the rebuilder of Jericho 1 K 16:34; LXX Αχ(ε)ιηλ, om. LXXL. p. 27
† יְחִיאֵל n.pr.m.(may Ēl live; Ph. יחואלן, יחומלך v. Eut:ZMG 1876, 136)—LXX usu. Ιειηλ, Ιαιηλ;—
1. one of David's chief musicians 1 Ch 15:18 (LXX Ιειηλ, LXXL Ιαιηλ), v:20 (LXX Ειθηλ, LXXL Ιειηλ), 16:5 (LXX Ειειηλ, LXXL Ιαιηλ).
2. one of David's chiefs of the Levites 1 Ch 23:8 (LXX Ι(ει)ηλ), 29:8 (LXX Βεσιηλ, A LXXL Ιειηλ).
3. tutor of David's sons 1 Ch 27:32 (LXX Ιε(ρι)ηλ, LXXL Ιωηλ).
4. son of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 21:2.
5. יְחִו֯אֵל Hemanite of Hezekiah's reign 2 Ch 29:14.
6. over-seer in Hezekiah's reign 2 Ch 31:13.
7. ruler of the temple in Josiah's reign 2 Ch 35:8.
8. contemporaries of Ezra, Ezr 8:9 (LXX Ιεμα A Ιεειηλ, LXXL Ιειηλ), 10:2, 10:21, 10:6.
† יְחִיאֵלִי n.pr.m. (patronym.), 1 Ch 26:21, 26:22 (LXX Ιειηλ̀ LXXL om. in v:22).
† יְחִיָּה n.pr.m. (may Yah live) keeper of the ark 1 Ch 15:24 (LXX Ιε(α)ια, LXXL Ιειηλ).
חיל v. I. II. חול supr. p. 296, 298
חַיִל, חֵיל, חִיל, חִילָה, חֵילָם, חֵילָן v. sub I. II. חול supr. p. 297 f
חִין v. sub חנן. p. 336
חִיחוֹן, חַיִץ v. sub I. II. חוץ. p. 300
חֵיק v. sub חוק. p. 300
חִירָה v. sub I. חור. p. 301
חִירָם, חִירוֹם v. sub אח, אחה supr. p. 27b.
חֵךְ v. sub חנך. p. 335
† [חָכָה] vb. wait, await—Qal Pt. pl cstr. חוֹכֵי Is 30:18; with לְ waiting for him (י׳). Pi. חִכָּה Jb 32:4; חִכְּתָה Ps 33:20; חִכִּיתִי Is 8:17; חִכּוּ Ps 106:13; חִכִּינוּ 2 K 7:9; Impf. יְחַכֶּה Is 30:18; תְּחַכֶּה 2 K 9:3; Imv. חַכֵּה־ Hb 2:3; חִכּוּ Zp 3:8; Inf. cstr. כְּחַכֵּי Ho 6:9 (Ephraimit. for חַכֵּה?); Pt. מְחַכֶּה Dn 12:12; cstr. מְחַכֵּה Is 64:3; pl. מְחַכִּים Jb 3:21; —
1. wait, tarry, abs. 2 K 9:3 tarry not; with עַד till morning light 2 K 7:9; c. acc. את איוב בדברים Jb 32:4 tarry for Job with words.
2. wait (in ambush), כְּחַכֵּי אִישׁ גְּדוּדִים Ho 6:9 as marauding bands wait for a man AV RV De, or as marauders lie in wait Hi Ew (taking אישׁ as cstr.) 3 wait for, long for, with לְ for י׳ Is 8:17, 64:3, Zp 3:8, Ps 33:20; for his counsel Ps 106:13; for his vision Hb 2:3; for death Jb 3:21; יחכה יהוה לחננכם Yahweh waiteth to be gracious unto you Is 30:18 (Di regards this as threatening and refers it to 1); abs. waiteth (and cometh to the days of blessedness) Dn 12:12.
† חַכָּה v. sub חנך. p. 335
חכל (√of foll.; cf. Ar. حَكَلَ IV. be confused, vague; حُكْلَةُ barbarousness, or impediment in speech; As. akâlu, be gloomy, êklu, dark, eklitu, darkness, Dl in Zim:Bp 115, w. 385 ff., cf. Jäger:BAS ii, 282).
† חֲכִילָה n.pr.loc (dark) a hill in southern Judah, on edge of wilderness of Ziph 1 S 23:19, 26:1, 26:3 (Glaser:skizze ii, 326 rds. also for חוילה, q.v., in 1 S 15:7); LXX Εχελα 26:1 B Ξελμαθ, A Αχιλα.
† חַכְלִילִי adj. (dark) dull, from wine, ח׳ עינים מִיָּ֑יִן Gn 49:12.
† חַכְלִילוּת n.f dulness, of eyes in drunk-enness, :עֵינָֽיִםלְמִי חַכ׳ Pr 23:29 (v:30 לַמְאַחֲרִים עַל־הַיָּ֑יִן).
† חֲכַלְיָה n.pr.m. (mng. dub.; perhaps חַכֵּה לְיָהּ wait for Yahweh, √ חכה, So We?—father of Nehemiah Ne 1:1, LXX Ξελκ(ε)ια, LXXL Ξελκιας(ου), א; A Αχαλια; 10:2 LXX Αχελια, A LXXL Αχαλια.
† חָכַם vb. be wise (NH id.; Aram. ܚܟܰܡ, חֲכַם id.; Zinj. חכמה wisdom, DHM:sendsch.57; As. ḫakâmu, know (with exceptional חַ v. Dl:Pr 178 f.); Ar.حَكَمَ restrain from acting in an evil manner, judge, govern; IV.make firm, sound, free from defect by the exercise of skill)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Pr 23:15; 3 fs. חָֽכְמָה Zc 9:2; הָכַמְתָּ Pr 9:12, 9:12, etc. + 3 t. Pf.; Impf. יֶחְכַּם Pr 9:9, 21:11; וַיֶּחְכַּם 1 K 5:11; יֶחְבָָּם Pr 20:1+; וֶ֯חְכָָּם Pr 13:20; תֶּחְכַּם Pr 19:20; אֶחְכָָּמָה Ec 7:23; pl. יֶחְכָָּמוּ Jb 32:9; Imv. חֲכַם Pr 27:11; חֲכָָם Pr 6:6, 23:19 + 13:20 Kt; חֲכָָמוּ Pr 8:33; —be or become wise, act wisely Dt 32:29 (poet.) 1 K 5:11, Jb 32:9, Pr 6:6, 8:33, 9:9, 9:12, 9:12, 13:20, 19:20, 20:1, 21:11, 23:19, 27:11, Ec 2:15, 7:23, Zc 9:2; אם חכם לבך if thy mind be wise Pr 23:15; c. acc. שׁחכמתי Ec 2:19 wherein I have acted wisely. Pi. Impf. יְחַכֵּם Ps 105:22; sf. יְחַכְּמֵנוּ Jb 35:11; תְּחַכְּמֵנִי Ps 119:98; all make wise, teach wisdom, c. acc Pu. Pt. made wise, intensive, as it were the embodiment of wisdom חוֹבֵר חֲבָרִים מְחֻכָּם Ps 58:6, pl. הֵמָּה חֲכָמִים מְחֻכָּמִים Pr 30:24 (of intelligent animals). Hiph. Pt. cstr. מַחְכִּימַת פֶָּתִי Ps 19:8 making wise the simple. Hithp. Impf. נִתְחַכְּמָה לוֹ Ex 1:10 (E) let us deal wisely (shrewdly) toward it (the people); 2 ms. תִּתְחַכַּם Ec 7:16 make or shew thyself wise.
† חָכָם adj. wise, ח׳ Dt 4:6 + 67 t.; cstr. חֲכַם Is 3:3 + 9 t.; pl. חֲכָמִים Dt 1:13 + 39 t.; cstr. חַכְמֵי Ex 28:3 + 4 t.; sf. חֲכָמֶיךָ Is 19:12 etc. + 8 t.; f. חֲכָמָה 2 S 14:2, 20:16; cstr. חַכְמַת Ex 35:25; pl. חֲכָמוֹת Je 9:16; cstr. חַכְמוֹת Ju 5:29, Pr 14:1(but rd. חָכְמוֹת De)—
1. skilful in technical work; artificers Is 3:3; sailors Ez 27:8, so (prob.) v:9; mourning women Je 9:16; artisans of tabern. and temple and their furniture Ex 28:3, 31:6, 35:10, 36:1, 36:2, 36:4, 36:8 (P), 1 Ch 22:15, 2 Ch 2:6, 2:12, 2:13, 2:13; women in spinning Ex 35:25 (P); goldsmiths and other artisans Je 10:9; makers of idol-images Is 40:20.
2. wise in the administration of affairs: Joseph in Egypt Gn 41:33, 41:39 (E); heads of tribes Dt 1:13, 1:15, judges 16:19; David 2 S 14:20, of Solomon 1 K 2:9, 3:12, 5:21 = 2 Ch 2:11; the prince of Tyre, in satire Ez 28:3; of kings in general Pr 20:26; class of political advisers of Judah Is 29:14, Je 18:18, appar. also Is 5:21; of Egypt Is 19:11, 19:11, 19:12, Edom Ob:8, the nations Je 10:7; so of God Is 31:2.
3. shrewd, crafty, cunning: Jonadab 2 S 13:3; the princesses Ju 5:29; אשׁה חכמה wise woman 2 S 14:2, 20:16; gen., Je 9:22; intelligent animals Pr 30:24; בערמם לכד ח׳ taking the cunning in their craft Jb 5:13; חכם בעיני wise in one's own eyes Pr 3:7, 26:5, 26:12, 26:16, 28:11; חכמי לב wise of mind (in their own mind) Jb 37:24.
4. pl. class of learned and shrewd men, incl. astrologers, magicians and the like, of Egypt Gn 41:8 (E), Ex 7:11 (P ; cf. Is 19:11, 19:11, 19:12); Babylon Is 44:25, Je 50:35, 51:57; Persia Est 1:13, 6:13.
5. prudent, towards king Pr 16:14; in controversies Pr 11:29, 29:8, 29:9, 29:11; religious affairs Ho 13:13, 14:10, Je 4:22, 8:8, 8:9, Dt 4:6, 32:6, Ps 107:43; אישׁ ח׳ Je 9:11.
6. wise, ethically and religiously,. in WisdLt: a. as adj., חֲכַם לֵב wise of mind Pr 10:8, 16:21; לֵב חָכָם Ec 8:5; of the son Pr 10:1 = 15:20, 13:1, 23:24, Ec 2:19; ילד ח׳ Ec 4:13 wise boy; גבר ח׳ Jb 34:34 wise man; מוכיח ח׳ wise reprover Pr 25:12. b. = subst.: (1) as a wise learner in school of wisdom, he fears God and departs from evil Pr 14:16; is silent Pr 17:28; hearkens to counsel Pr 12:15; hears and increases in learning Pr 1:5; his ear seeketh knowledge Pr 18:15; he receives it Pr 21:11; and stores it up Pr 10:14; his ears hearken to the reproof which giveth life Pr 15:31; and he becomes wiser through it Pr 9:8, 9:9. (2) as a wise teacher, a sage, he does not answer with windy knowledge Jb 15:2; he tells the experience of the past Jb 15:48; has knowledge Jb 34:2; teaches it Ec 12:9; disperses it Pr 15:7; his tongue is health Pr 12:18; it utters knowledge aright Pr 15:2; his mind instructs his mouth and adds learning to his lips Pr 16:23; his words are gracious Ec 10:12; it is good to hear his rebuke Ec 7:5; his instruction is a fountain of life Pr 13:14; one walking with him becomes wiser Pr 13:20. The חכמים recall the Gk. σόφοι, having their schools, pupils (בֵן), discipline (מוּסָר), principles and collections of wisdom, דברי חכמים Pr 1:6, 22:17 (cf. 24:23), Ec 9:17, 12:11; God himself is חכם לבב Jb 9:4. (3) the wise are prosperous: true, in sceptical view of Ec., they have no advantage over the fool Ec 6:8; but die as the fool Ec 2:16, 2:16, Ps 49:11; they will not be able to find the works of God Ec 8:17; like others are in the hands of God Ec 9:1; they do not secure bread Ec 9:11; but elsewhere reverse is true: precious treasure is in his dwelling Pr 21:20; his lips preserve him Pr 14:3; they inherit glory Pr 3:35; wealth is their crown Pr 14:24; the wise man is strong Pr 24:5, Ec 7:19; his eyes are in his head Ec 2:14; his mind is at his right hand Ec 10:2; he interprets things Ec 8:1 (4) the wise man is a blessing to others: he wins men Pr 11:30; scales the city of the mighty Pr 21:22; though poor he delivers the city Ec 9:15; is a reproof to scorners Pr 15:12; his mind is in the house of mourning Ec 7:4; injustice makes him foolish Ec 7:7; Job finds no wise men among his cruel friends Jb 17:10.
† חָכְמה n.f. wisdom, ח׳ Ex 28:3 + 106 t.; cstr. חָכְמַת Ex 35:35 + 15 t.; sf. חָכְמָתִי Ec 2:9, etc. + 25 t. sf.; pl. abst. emph. חָכְמוֹת Ps 49:4, Pr 1:20, 9:1, 24:7; חַכְמוֹת Pr 14:1 (in correctly pointed as adj. cstr. f.; rd. חָכְמוֹת De);—
1. skill in war Is 10:13; in technical work Ex 28:3, 31:3, 31:6, 35:26, 35:31, 35:35, 36:1, 36:2 (P), cf. 1 K 7:14, 1 Ch 28:21; of sailors Ps 107:27.
2. wisdom, in administration Dt 34:9, Is 29:14, Je 49:7, 49:7, 2 S 14:20; of prince of Tyre Ez 28:4, 28:5, 28:7, 28:12, 29:12, 29:17; Sol.'s wisdom included this with other forms of cleverness and shrewdness 1 K 2:6, 3:28, 5:9, 5:10, 5:14, 5:14, 5:26, 10:4, 10:6, 10:7, 10:8, 10:23, 10:24 = 2 Ch 9:3, 9:5, 9:6, 9:7, 9:22, 9:23, 1 K 11:41, 2 Ch 1:10, 1:11, 1:12; the Messiah is to have רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה Is 11:2.
3. shrewdness, wisdom, 2 S 20:22, 1 K 5:10, 5:10, Je 9:22; withheld by God from the ostrich Jb 39:17; of magicians and prophets Is 47:10, Dn 1:4, 1:17, 1:20.
4. wisdom, prudence in religious affairs Dt 4:6, Ps 37:30, 51:8, 90:12, Pr 10:31, Is 33:6, Je 8:9
5. wisdom, ethical and religious: a. of God, as a divine attribute or energy; his wisdom is in the skies Jb 38:36; by it he numbers the clouds Jb 38:37; founded the earth Pr 3:19; and made all things Je 10:12 = 51:15, Ps 104:24; it is with him Jb 12:13; not to be found by the most persevering human search Jb 28:12, 28:20; he alone knows it Jb 28:23; gives it Pr 2:6; and shows its secrets Jb 11:6. b. the divine wisdom is personified: she was begotten before all things to be the architect and counsellor of God in the creation (Pr 8:22–31); she builds a palace and spreads a feast for those who will receive her instruction 9:1 (cf. v:2–5); she teaches in public 1:20, 8:1, 8:5, 8:11, 8:12 (v. context); gives her pupils the divine spirit 1:23; by her discipline simple become wise, rulers rule wisely, and those seeking her are richly rewarded 8:14 (cf. v:1–21). c. of man: to get wisdom is principal thing Pr 4:7, 4:7; its fundamental principle is to fear God Ps 111:10, Pr 15:33, Jb 28:18 (‖סוּר מֵרַע בִּינָה); and know י׳, the All Holy Pr 9:10, 30:3; it is of inestimable worth Jb 28:18, Pr 8:11, 16:16, 17:16, 23:23, 24:7; beyond the reach of scorners Pr 14:6; God giveth it to the good Ec 2:26; men are to incline the ear Pr 2:2; attend unto wisdom Pr 5:1; seek Ec 7:25; know Pr 24:14, Ec 1:17, 8:16; behold Ec 2:12, 9:13; get her Pr 4:5, 4:7; treat her as sister Pr 7:4; happy the man who finds her Pr 3:13; he who has wisdom is אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Pr 10:23; נָבוֹן Pr 10:13, 14:33; מֵבִין Pr 17:24; cf. also Ps 49:4, Jb 4:21, 12:2, 12:12, 13:5, 15:8, 26:3, 32:7, 32:13, 33:33, Pr 1:2, 1:7, 2:10, 4:11, 11:2, 13:10, 14:1, 14:8, 18:4, 21:30, 24:3, 28:26, 29:3, 29:15, 31:26, Ec 1:13, 1:16, 1:16, 1:18, 2:3, 2:9, 2:13, 2:21, 7:10, 7:11, 7:12, 7:19, 7:23, 8:1, 9:10, 9:15, 9:16, 9:16, 9:18, 10:1, 10:10—on solomon's wisdom v. supr.
† חַכְמוֹנִי n.pr.m (wise)—
1. father of one of David's warriors 1 Ch 11:11.
2. father of the tutor of David's sons 1 Ch 27:32.
† תַּחְכְּמֹנִי adj.gent 2 S 23:8 = בן חכמוני 1 Ch 11:11; rd. הַחַכְמֹנִי We Klo Dr VB.
חֵל v. חֵיל sub I. חול p. 298
חֹל v. sub III. חלל p. 320
† I. [חָלָא] vb. be sick, diseased (= חלה, v. Ges:§ 75, 22)—Qal Impf. בְּרַגְלָיו וַיֶּחֱלֶא אָסָא 2 Ch 16:12 (= חלה 1 K 15:23).
† תַּחֲלֻאִים n.pl.m.:2 Ch 21:19 diseases, abs. ת׳ Je 16:4, 2 Ch 21:19; cstr. תַּחֲלוּאֵי Je 14:18; תַּחֲלוּאָ֫יְכִי Ps 103:3; תַּחֲלֻאַ֫יהָ Dt 29:21; —diseases Dt 29:21, 2 Ch 21:19, Ps 103:3; מְמוֹתֵי תחלאים יָמֻתוּ Je 16:4; תחלואי רעב Je 14:18 diseases of famine (‖חַלְלֵיחֶחֶרֶב).
II. חלא (√of foll.; DHM in MV comp. Sab. פחַטאת ותחלאן she sinned and defiled herself).
† I. [חֶלְאָה] n.f. rust (perh. as filth v. supr.)—חֶלְאָתָהּ Ez 24:6, 24:12 + v:11, v:12 (del. Co intern. grounds) + v:6 חֶלְאָתָהַ (cf. Ges:§ 91, 1; R. 2) rust on metal pot, symbol of impurity of Jerusalem.
† II. חֶלְאָה n.pr.f. (meaning dub.)—wife of Ashḫur (of Judah) ‘father’ of Tekoah 1 Ch 4:5, 4:7 LXX Αωδα, Αοαδα, Αλαα, Ελαα, Ελεα.
חֲלָאִים v. חֲלִי sub III. חלה. p. 318
חֵלָ֫אמָה v. חֵילָם sub I. חול. p. 298
חלב (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).
† חָלָב n.m. milk (NH id. (and vb. denom.); Aram. חַלָבָּא, ܚܰܠܒܳܐ, Ph. חלב; Ar. حَلِيبُ n. fresh milk, حَلَبَ vb. milk; As. alibu, milk, v. Dl:Pr 174; Eth. h.aleb:)—ח׳ abs. Gn 18:18 + 35 t. + Ez 34:3 (v. infr.); cstr. חֲלֵב Ex 23:19 + 5 t.; sf. חֲלָבִי Ct 5:1, חֲלָבֵח Ez 25:4; —milk: a. as common food Gn 18:8 (J; distinct from חֶמְאָה curd, q.v.), חֲלֵב חאֹן Dt 32:14 (poet.; distinct fr. חֶמְאַת בָּקָר); in Ju 5:25 חָלָב is used parallel with חֶמְאָה; elsewhere חֶמְאָה seems to be produced fr. חָלָב:—מִיץ חָלָב יוֹחִיא חֶמְאָה Pr 30:33 a pressing (squeezing) of milk produces curd; מֵרֹב עֲשׂוֹת חָלָב יאֹכַל חֶמְאָה Is 7:22 because of abundant yield of milk he shall eat curd; cf. also חֲרִחֵי הֶחָלָב 1 S 17:18 cuts of milk, i.e. cheeses; it was received in buckets or pails (עֲטִינָיו) Jb 21:24 (v. Ew De Di VB), and kept in skins (נזֹוד ח׳) Ju 4:19; men drank it (שׁתה) Ez 25:4 (cf. השׁקה Ju 4:19), but also ate it (אכל), if emend. הֶחָלָב Ez 34:3 (for הַחֵלֶב) is right, LXX Vulgate Bo Hi-Sm Co, al.; it was poured out, v. sim. of formation of the embryo תַּתִּיכֵנִי הֲלאֹ כֶח׳ Jb 10:10 hast thou not poured me out like milk? specif. (1) חֲלֵב עִזִּים לְלַחְמְךָ Pr 27:27 milk of goats for thy food (RS:Sem. i. 204). (2) c. אֵם mother's milk: of kid לאֹ־תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ Ex 23:19 = 34:26 (JE) = Dt 14:21, cf. טְלֵה ח׳ 1 S 7:9 sucking lamb (for sacrif.); but also of human beings גְּמוּלֵי מֵח׳ Is 28:9 weaned from milk (‖עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֫יִם); fig. in promise to Zion וְיָנַקְתְּ חֲלֵב גּוֹיִם Is 60:16 and thou shalt suck the milk of nations (‖תִּינָ֑קִי וְשֹׁד מְלָכִים). (3) ח׳ with wine, as esp. delicacy Ct 5:1 (v. De), fig. of י׳'s choicest blessings Is 55:1. (4) oft. in phr. of productiveness of land of Canaan (דְּבַשׁ) זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָ֫שׁ flowing with milk and honey Ex 3:8, 3:17, 13:5, 33:3, Nu 13:27, 14:8, 16:13, 16:14 (all JE), Lv 20:24 (H), Dt 6:3, 11:9, 26:9, 26:15, 27:3, 31:20, Jos 5:6, Je 11:5, 32:22, Ez 20:6, 20:15; in Messian. time the hills תֵּלַכְנָה ח׳ Jo 4:18 (‖יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס); fig. of charms of loved one תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנֵח דְּבַשׁ וְח׳ Ct 4:12 honey and milk are under thy tongue. b. milk as white לְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵח׳ Gn 49:12 white of teeth, from milk; חַחוּ מֵח׳ La 4:7 they were whiter than milk (‖זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג); so also prob. of eyes (iris) רֹחֲחוֹת בֶּח׳ Ct 5:12 bathed in milk, i.e. the white of the eye.—On milk as not used by Israel in sacrifice v. RS:Sem. 204.
II. חלב (√of foll.; perh. cf. As. ḫalâbu, be covered, VR 8:83 Lyon:Manual, Gloss, ḫallibu, cover, clothe IR:18, 68 ḫallubtu, clothing, Lyon:Sargontexte 14, ḫitlupatu, naḫlapu (rd. b for p) Schr:COT Gloss).
I. חֵ֫לֶב n.m.:Ex 29:13 fat (NH id., fat, so Ph. חלב (prob.); Aram. ܚܶܠܒܳܐ (also diaphragm in Lexx., v. PS:1274) orig. diaphragm, midriff; Ar. خِلْبُ, incl. midriff-fat, RS:Sem. i. 360);—ח׳ abs. Lv 3:16 + 40 t.; cstr. Gn 45:18 + 21 t.; sf. חֶלְבּוֹ Lv 3:9 + 6 t.; חֶלְבָּהּ Lv 4:31, 4:35, חֶלְבָּם Nu 18:17, חֶלְבָּ֫מוֹ Ps 17:10, חֶלְבְּהֶ֫ן Lv 8:16, 8:25 (rd. n.pl. חלביהן Sam. Di); pl. הַחֲלָבִים Lv 8:26 + 7 t.; cstr. חֶלְבֵי Lv 6:5 + 4 t.; sf. חֶלְבֵהֶן Gn 4:4 (חלביהן Sam. Di, cf. Lv 8:16, 8:25 supr.);—
1. fat of human body Ju 3:22 (covering intestines); גִּבּוֹרִיםח׳ 2 S 1:22 as smearing warrior's shield; of grossness of wicked כִּסָּה פָּנָיו בְּחֶלְבּוֹ Jb 15:27; fat (of midriff) fig. of unreceptive heart סָֽגְרוּ ח׳ Ps 17:10, v. also 73:7 (rd. מֵחֵלֶב עֲוֹנָמוֹ for מחלב עֵינֵמוֹ LXX SyrVer Hi Ew Ol De Che Bae al.); טָפַשׁ כַּח׳ לִבָּם Ps 119:70 i.e. their heart is as unresponsive as the midriff-fat near it.
2. fat of beasts: a. as rich food (poet.) Dt 32:14 and in sim. Ps 63:6 (‖דֶּשֶׁן); so MT Ez 34:3 (but rd. הֶחָלָב, v. חָלָב), 39:19 (SyrVer Co בשׂר). b. esp. as offered in sacrifice, sg., to י׳ Ex 23:18 (JE), 1 S 2:15, 2:16, Ex 29:13, 29:13, 29:22, 29:22, 29:22, Lv 3:3, 3:3, 3:4, 3:9, 3:9, 3:9, 3:10, 3:14, 3:14, 3:15 + 23 t. Lv, Nu 18:17 (all P), Lv 17:6 (H), 1 S 15:22, Is 1:11, 43:24, Ez 44:7, 44:15; v. Is 34:6, 34:6, 34:7 of fat of Edomites slaughtered by י׳'s sword (under fig. of lambs, rams, and bulls); as eaten by (strange) gods Dt 32:38 (poet.), not to be eaten by men Lv 3:17, 7:23, 7:24, 7:24, 7:25 (all P); also pl., fat parts or pieces Gn 4:4 (J) Lv 6:5 + 8 t. Lv, 1 K 8:64, 8:64, 2 Ch 7:7, 7:7, 29:35, 35:14.
3. choicest, best part of products of land Gn 45:18 (E), specif. of oil Nu 18:12 and wine v:12; of corn and oil v:29, v:30, v:32; also (poet.) כִּלְיוֹת חִטָּה ח׳ Dt 32:14 kidney-fat of wheat (i.e. the very choicest, cf. Is 34:6), חִטָּה ח׳ Ps 81:17, חִטִּים ח׳ 147:14.
† II. חֵ֫לֶב n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr.m. חַלבן = the crafty one Sab. Denkm.:27. 28)—one of David's heroes 2 S 23:29 (but rd. (י)חלד, v. Dr), LXX Εσθαει, A Αλαφ, LXXL Αλλαν (= חֵלֶד 1 Ch 11:30 = חֶלְדַּי 27:15).
† חֶלְבָּה n.pr.loc. town assigned to Asher Ju 1:31, site unknown, LXX Χεβδα, LXXL Ελβα; (comp. As. Maḫalliba Schr Dl, but v. אַחְלָב infr.)
† חֶלְבּוֹן n.pr.loc. place whence wine came (to Tyre) יֵין ח׳ Ez 27:18; so also As. n.pr.terr. Ḫilbunim or Hilbunu, v. Schr:COT and Dl in Co. Mod. Ḫalbûn, NW. fr. Damascus, Wetzst:ZMG xi. 1857, 490 f. Bd:Pal 341.
† חֶלְבְּנָה n.f. (Aram. ܚܶܠܒܳܢܺܝܬܳܐ, חֶלְבְּנִיתָא LXX χαλβάνη, Vulgate galbanum)—a kind of gum Ex 30:34, ingredient of the holy incense, v. Di Löw:115.
† אַחְלָב n.pr.loc. town assigned to Asher Ju 1:31, site unknown, LXX Δαλαφ (= Ααλαφ (WMaxMüller:Asien u. Europa 194 thinks corrupt. for מחלב, As. Maḫalliba (which Schr:COT Ju 1:37 Dl:Pa 283 comp. with אחלב and חֶלְבָּה); he rds. n.pr.loc. מחלב for מֵחֶבֶל Jos 19:29, LXX Καὶ ἀπὸ Λεβ = וּמֵחֹלֶב; this would be on coast, N. of Achzib).
I. חלד (√ of foll.; Ar. خَلَدَ abide, continue, often in Qor of righteous in Paradise).
† חֶ֫לֶד n.[m.]:Jb 11:17 duration, world (= αἰών) (Ar. خُلْدُ perpetual duration, eternity)—abs. ח׳ Ps 17:14; חָָלֶד Jb 11:17 + 2 t. + Is 38:11 Che De, sq. Cod. Bab. etc. (Baer חָָדֶל); sf. חֶלְדִּי Ps 39:6; = duration of life Jb 11:17, Ps 39:6 (‖יָמַי), זְכֹר אֲנִי מֶה־חָָלֶד 89:48 of what duration I am Dr:§ 189. 2, or (אדני for אני) what is life(?) Hi Ew Now al.; world (= αἰών, not Κόσμος) Ps 17:14, 49:2 (ישׁבי ח׳ ‖כל־עמים ), cf. Is 38:11 (v. supr.; ‖אֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים).
II. חלד (√ of foll.; cf. NH חלד dig, or hollow out, Aram. ܚܠܰܕ creep, crawl).
† חֵ֫לֶד n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr. חַלד DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 35) one of David's heroes, son of בַּעֲנָה 1 Ch 11:30 A LXXL Αλαδ (= חֶלְדַּי 27:15 = חֵלֶב 2 S 23:29).
† חֹ֫לֶד n.[m.] weasel (NH חוּלְדָּא; Ar. خُلْدُ mole or blind-rat, or a species of rat; on format. v. Lag:BN 144)—weasel Lv 11:29 (Vrss Ki Thes al. v. esp. Di; > Saad Bo MV SS Lag:l.c. mole).
† חֻלְדָּה n.pr.f. prophetess, Josiah's time, 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22, LXX Ολδα.
† חֶלְדַּי n.pr.m. 1. one of David's heroes 1 Ch 27:15 (= חֵלֶד 11:30 = חֵלֶב 2 S 23:29) LXX Χολδεια (-δαι), LXXL Ολδια. 2. a returned exile Zc 6:10 (om. LXX) = חֵלֶם v:14.
† I. חָלָה vb. be weak, sick (NH id.; Aram. חֲלָא suffer (rare); As. ḫalû, sickness, grief, Dl:Pr 181)—Qal Pf. ח׳ 1 K 14:1 + 8 t.; 2 fs. חָלִית Is 57:10; 1 S. חָלִיתִי 1 S 30:13 + 2 t.; וְחָלִי֫תִי consec. Ju 16:7, 16:11, 16:17, חָלוּ֫ Je 5:3 (so rd., v. infr.); Impf. וַיָּ֫חַל 2 K 1:2; Inf. sf. חֲלֽתוֹ Is 38:9; חֲלוֹתִי Ps 77:11 cf. sub Pi.; חֲלוֹתָם Ps 35:13; Pt. חֹלֶה Gn 48:1 + 6 t. + 1 S 22:8 (v. infr.); חוֹלֶה Ne 2:2, Mal 1:13; f. חוֹלָה Ec 5:12 + 3 t. (for Je 4:31 v. I. חוּל), cstr. חוֹלַת Ct 2:5, 5:8; —
1. be or become weak, Samson Ju 16:7, 16:11, 16:17; feel weak Is 57:10 (Che) Ez 34:4, 34:16.
2. become sick, ill Gn 48:1 (E) 1 S 19:14, 30:13, 1 K 14:1, 14:5, 15:23 (of Asa, = חלא 2 Ch 16:2) 17:17, 2 K 1:2, 8:7, 13:14 (c. acc. cogn.) 20:12 = Is 39:1, Is 33:24, 38:9, Pr 23:35, Ps 35:13, Ne 2:2, cf. Ps 77:11 חֲלוֹתִי for חַלּוֹתִי Che after Bi; lame and sick—i.e. imperfect for sacrifice—of animals Mal 1:8, 1:13; sick from effect of wounds 2 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 22:6, cf. Pr 23:35, מַכָּה with חֳלִי Dt 28:59, 28:61, Je 6:7, 10:19; hyperbol. sick from love חוֹלַת אַהֲבָה אני Ct 2:5, 5:8; be sick unto dying חלה לָמוּת 2 K 20:1 = Is 38:1, עד־למותח׳ (late) 2 Ch 32:24; Je 5:3 rd. prob. לאֹ חָלוּ֫ (for MT חָ֫לוּ, v. I. חול) of the people, unmoved by י׳'s chastisements; thou hast smitten them, but they are not sick (cf. Niph. Am 6:6); of sickness of the mind in MT 1 S 22:8 sq. עַל (but rd. rather חֹמֵל LXX Gr Klo Dr); pt. as adj. severe, sore רָעָה חוֹלָה Ec 5:12, 5:15; —on Je 4:31 v. I. חול. Niph. Pf. 1 S. נֶחֱלֵיתִי Dn 8:27; 3 pl. נֶחְלוּ Am 6:6, Je 12:13; Pt. f. נַחֲלָה Is 17:11 + 4 t.; pl. נַחְלוֹת Ez 34:4 (del. Co) v:21; —1. make oneself sick, fig. for strain oneself Je 12:13 (but Gr נִלְאוּ). 2. be made sick Dn 8:27; לאֹ נֶח׳ of indifference, apathy Am 6:6 sq. על (cf. Qal Je 5:3); pt. diseased, as subst. c. art. Ez 34:4 (del. Co) v:21; = severe, sore (pred. of מַכָּה) Na 3:19, Je 10:19, 14:17, 30:12; also (מַכָּה om.) Is 17:11. Pi. Pf. חִלָּה make sick, c. acc. cogn. + בְּ of land Dt 29:21; Inf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיא Ps 77:11 rd. prob. חֲלוֹתִי Inf. Qal; my sickness, so Bi Che (others der. fr. חלל my wounding, v. De).—For other forms of Pi. v. II. חלה. Pu. Pf. be made weak, 2 ms. חֻלֵּיתָ Is 14:10. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְחָָל 2 S 13:6; Imv. הִתְחָָל 2 S 13:5; Inf. הִתְחַלּוֹת 2 S 13:2; —make oneself sick, of Ammon's morbid passion for his sister 2 S 13:2, sq. בַּעֲבוּר; of his pretended sickness of body 2 S 13:5, 13:6. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶחֱלִי Is 53:10; 1 s. הֶחֱלֵתִי Mi 6:13; pl. הֶחֱלוּ Ho 7:5 (on txt. v. infr.); Pt. מַחֲלָה Pr 13:12; —1. make (sick, i.e.) sore thy smiting הַכּוֹתֶָךָ Mi 6:13 (cf. Na 3:19, Niph.); obj. (implic.) a person, חָפֵץ דַּכְּאוֹ וי׳ הֶחֱלִי Is 53:10 it pleased י׳ to bruise him, making him sick = to bruise him sorely, v. further Di. 2. make sick, obj. לֵב (of hope deferred) Pr 13:12.
3. shew (signs of) sickness, become sick, only שׂרים חֲמַת מִיָּ֑יִן הֶח׳ Ho 7:5 princes are become sick with fever of wine (Now Che VB; > Vrss Hi-St who rd. הֵחֵלּוּ they begin the day with wine-fever). Hoph. Pf. be made sick = wounded הָֽחָלֵיתִי 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, 2 Ch 35:23.
† חֳלִי n.m.:Dt 28:59 sickness, חֳלִי Dt 28:61 + 8 t.; חָֹלִי Dt 7:15 + 2 t.; sf. חָלְיוֹ Is 38:9 + 7 t. + Ec 5:16 (where del. sf., cf. Vrss Now); pl. חֳלָיִם Dt 28:59, חֳלָיִים 2 Ch 21:15, חֳלָיֵנוּ Is 53:4; —sickness, disease Dt 7:15, 28:59, 28:61, 1 K 17:17, 2 K 1:2, 8:8, 8:9, 13:14, Is 38:9, 2 Ch 16:12, 16:12, 21:15, 21:15, 21:19, Ps 41:4, Ec 6:2; of the suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:3, 53:4 (in both ‖מַכְאֹב); of rich man Ec 5:16 (rd. וָחֳלִי v. supr.); incurable disease לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא ח׳ 2 Ch 21:18; recover from sickness חיה מֵחלי Is 38:9; metaph. of distress of land Ho 5:13 (‖מָזוֹר), Is 1:5, Je 10:19; = wound, of violence in Jerusalem Je 6:7 (‖מַכָּה).
† [מַחֲלֶה] n.[m.] sickness, disease—sf. מַחֲלֵהוּ Pr 18:14 his sickness (= any sickness of his); of specif. disease, cstr. מַחֲלֵה מֵעֶָיךָ 2 Ch 21:15 (+ בָּחֲלָיִים רַבִּים, מֵהַחָֹלִי).
† מַחֲלָה n.f. sickness, disease, מַחֲלָה Ex 15:26 + 3 t.—sickness, disease, (in gen.) Ex 23:25 (JE); so c. כל, 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28 (‖כל־נֶגַע), Ex 15:26 (JE; cf. אני יהוה רֹפְאֶָךָ ad fin.)
† [מַהֲלוּי] n.m. sickness, suffering (caused by wounds, cf. חלה 2 K 8:29)—only pl. intens. מַחֲלֻיִים 2 Ch 24:25.
† II. [חָלָה] vb. only Pi. sq. פְּנֵי, פָּנֶיךָ, פָּנַיִךְ = mollify, appease, entreat the favour of, lit. make the face of any one sweet or pleasant (cf. Ar. حَلَا, حَلِيَ, be sweet, pleasant, Aram. ܚܠܺܝ, חֲלִי, id., adj. חָלֵי sweet);—Pi. Pf. חִלָּה 2 Ch 33:12, חִלִּיתִי 1 S 13:12, Ps 119:58, וְחִלּוּ consec. Jb 11:19, חִלִּינוּ Dn 9:13; Impf. וַיְחַל Ex 32:11 + 3 t., יְחַלּוּ Ps 45:13, Pr 19:6; Imv. חַל־נָא 1 K 13:6, חַלּוּ־נָא Mal 1:9; Inf. cstr. לְחַלּוֹת Zc 7:2 + 2 t.;—
1. את־פני־י׳ ח׳: a. mollify, pacify, appease י׳, i.e. induce him to shew favour in place of wrath and chastisement Ex 32:11 (JE), 1 K 13:6 ( + הִתְפַּלֵּל), v:6, 2 K 13:4, Je 26:19 (+ וַיִּנָּ֫חֶם), 2 Ch 33:12 (‖וַיִּכָּנַע מאד מִלִּפְנֵי), Dn 9:13; also פני־אֵל ח׳ Mal 1:9 (sq. וִיחָנֵּ֫נוּ that he may be gracious to us). b. entreat the favour of י׳, i.e. aim at success, prosperity, etc., through his favour, 1 S 13:12 (in anticipation of war), Zc 8:21, 8:22 (‖לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳; of cities and nations assembling at Jerusalem for worship), Zc 7:2 (‖לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳) of worship at Jerusalem; quite gen., as habit of God-fearing man, Ps 119:58 (+ בְּכָל־לַב).
2. entreat favour of men (in sense of 1 b)—רַבִּים יְח׳ פני־נָדִיב Pr 19:6 many entreat a prince's favour (‖וְכָל־הָרֵעַ לְאִישׁ מַתָּן); פָּנָיִךְ יח׳ Ps 45:13 of favour of king's bride; פָּנַיִךְ רַבִּים וְח׳ Jb 11:19 favour of Job when absolved and restored.
† מַחֲלַת n.f. only in Psalm titles עַל־מ׳ Ps 53:1, 88:1; appar. a catchword in a song, giving name to tune; mng. dub.; Aq. Symm. Vulgate מְחֹלֽת dance; v. Ol:Psalmen, p. 27 Bae:Psalmen, p. xviii.
III. חלה (adorn; cf. Ar. حَلَي adorn, حَلْيُ (neck-) ornament).
† I. חֲלִי n.m. ornament, נֶזֶם זָחָב וַחֲלִי־כָָּתֶם Pr 25:12 a (nose-or-ear-) ring of gold and (neck-or breast-) ornament of fine gold; pl. חֲלָאִים Ct 7:2, in sim. of grace and beauty.
† II. חֲלִי n.pr.loc. in Asher Jos 19:25, site unknown (v. conject. in Di).
† [חֶלְיָה] n.f. jewelry, נִזְמָהּ וְחֶלְיָתָהּ Ho 2:15 (v. Now Che).
† חֲלַח n.pr.loc. a city or district under Assyr. control, whither Isr. captives were taken 2 K 17:6 = 18:11, 1 Ch 5:26, cf. Ḫalaḫḫu in Mesopotamia, Schr:COT on 2 K 17:8; > Hal:Mêl. Epigr. 1874, 70 Cilica (= Ph. חלך, Lag:M. i. 211, As. Ḫilakku, Lyon:Sargontexte) Lag:BN 57.
† חַלְחוּל n.pr.loc. town in Judah, Jos 15:58 Lag:Onom. 119. 7, 2nd ed. 152 Elul in tribu Iuda, cf. Alula juxta Chebron; mod. Ḥalḥûl, 1 1/2 hour (3 1/2 miles) N. fr. Hebron, v. Di (and reff.) Bla Rob:BR iii. 281 f. Guêrin:Judêe iii. 284 ff.
חַלְחָלָה n.f. v. I. חול. p. 298
† [חָלַט] vb. only וַיַּחְלְטוּ הֲ מִמֶּנּוּ 1 K 20:33, rd. prob. וַיַּחְלְטוּהָ מִמֶּנּוּ (cf. LXX ἀνέλεξ́αν τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος ά̓τοῦ and Sta:G i. 445f.) and they snatched it from him, caught the word fr. his lips; Sta:§ 529 a as Qal; Kö:i. 251 Ges:§ 53. 3 R 4 and most as Hiph., with —ִ om.
חלך (√ of foll.; poss. (si vera l.) cf. Ar. حَلَكَ be black (passing into fig. sense, unfortunate, in Heb.), v. Bae:Ps 10:8; cf. Aram. חֲשׁוֹח).
† חֵֽלְכָה rd. חַלְכֶּה, חֶלְכֶּה, or חָלְכֶּה, adj. helpless, unfortunate, only as subst. hapless, luckless one(s)—לְחֵֽלְכָה Ps 10:8, LXX εἰς τὸν πένητα, SyrVer Targum; חֵלֶָכָה 10:14 LXX ὁ πτωχός; חלכאים 10:10 Kt, rd. pl. חַלְכָּאִים (חֶל׳, חָל׳); Qr חֵל כָּאִים LXX τῶν πενμ́των. In all txt. and mng. dub. (MT rds. חֵלְכָה = חֵילְךָ thine army; and חֵל כָּאִים v:10 army of dejected ones, but this against usage of חֵל, and no such fig. sense of חַיִל, v. O1 Hup De Bae Che, and crit. n.)
† I. חָלַל vb. bore, pierce (Ar. خَلَّ perforate, pierce through, transfix, Eth. xlat: (hollow) read; Aram. חֲלַל hollow out, חֲלִילָא pipe; ܚܠܺܝܠܳܐ adj. hollow, ܚܠܳܠܳܐ cave, ܚܶܠܬܳܐ sheath, etc.; NH in deriv. חָלָל n. hollow, adj. slain, חָלִיל pipe);—Qal Pf. לִבִּי חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי my heart is pierced (wounded) within me Ps 109:22 (? lit. one has pierced my heart; or rd. Pu. חֻלַּל ?); Inf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיא Ps 77:11 it is my piercing, my wound (my woe, my cross; so Ew Hi De Bae MV SS Kö:i. 341, but Hu Pe Bi Che rd. חֲלוֹתִי my sickness). Pi. Pt. pl. (Baer) בְּיַד מְחַללֶי֑ךָ Ez 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee (Sm Co rd. מְחוֹלְלֶָךָ). Pu. Pt. מְחֻלֲלֵי חֶרֶב pierced by the sword Ez 32:26. Po‘el Pf. 3 fs. חֹלֲלָה יָדוֹ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Jb 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; Pt. f. מְחוֹלֶלֶת תַּנִּין Is 51:9 who pierced the dragon. Po‘al Pt. מֲחֹלָל מִפְּשָׁעֵינוּ Is 53:5 pierced, wounded because of our transgressions (of the servant of י׳, ‖מְדֻכָּא מֵעֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ).
I. חָלָל:90 n.m. pierced, ח׳ abs. Dt 21:1 + 25 t.; cstr. חֲלַל Nu 19:16; pl. חֲלָלִים Nu 23:24 + 28 t.; cstr. חַלְלֵי Is 22:2 + 21 t.; sf. חֲלָלֶיךָ Ps 69:27, etc. + 11 t. sfs.;—
1. pierced, fatally wounded Ps 69:27, Je 51:52, Ez 26:15, 30:24, La 2:12. Elsewhere
2. slain Nu 19:18, 31:8, 31:19 (P), etc.; sg. coll. 2 S 23:8, 23:18 = 1 Ch 11:11, 11:20, Ez 6:7, 30:11, etc., but usu. pl. 1 S 17:52 (RV wounded) Je 51:49, etc.; † חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Is 22:2, Je 14:18, Ez 31:17, 31:18, 32:20, 32:21, 32:25, 32:28, 32:29, 32:30, 32:31, 32:32, Zp 2:12, La 4:9; חַלְלֵי רעב La 4:9; חַלְלֵי יהוה Is 66:16, Je 25:33.
† חַלָּה n.f. a kind of cake (prob. as perforated, v. Di Lv 2:4)—ח׳ abs. Nu 15:20, Lv 24:5; cstr. חַלַּת Ex 29:23 + 4 t.; pl. חַלּוֹת Lv 2:4 + 2 t.; חַלּֽת Ex 29:2 + 3 t.—used in offerings:
1. at the sacrif. of David on removal of ark, given to each person as part of peace-offering 2 S 6:19.
2. elsewh. only P (H Lv 24:5, 24:5): a. of the 12 cakes of the table of the holy place, made of סלת Lv 24:5, 24:5. b. made of ראשׁית ערסת as an offering of first-fruits Nu 15:20. c. of לחם שׁמן, to be burnt with the עוֹלָה Ex 29:23 = Lv 8:26. d. of מַצָּה burnt on the altar with c. Lv 8:26, but usu. to be eaten by participants in the several forms of peace- offering Nu 6:19, and such mingled with oil Ex 29:2, Lv 2:4, 7:12, 7:12, Nu 6:15. e. לחם חמץ ח׳ to be used by the offerer in connexion with the unleavened cakes of d. Lv 7:13.
† חַלּוֹן n.m.:Jos 2:18 and f.:Ez 40:16 window, abs. הַחַלּוֹן Gn 26:8 + 12 t.; cstr. חַלּוֹן Gn 8:6, Pr 7:6; sf. חַלּוֹנָו֯ Ez 40:22; mpl. חַלּוֹנִים Ez 40:25 + 3 t.; cstr. חַלּוֹנֵי 1 K 6:4; sf. חַלּוֹנָי֑ Je 22:14 (defective pl. Ges:§ 87 (1) c, dual Ew:§ 177 a, but rd. יו סָפוֹן—ָ Mich Hi Gf Or Gie); חַלּוֹנֵינוּ Je 9:20; f. חַלּוֹנוֹת Ez 40:16 + 4 t.; חַלּֽנוֹת Ct 2:9 + 3 t.; window פָּתַח ח׳ open the window Gn 8:6 (P) 2 K 13:17; עלה בח׳ Je 9:20; בעד הח׳ through the window Gn 26:8, Jos 2:15 (J) Ju 5:28, 1 S 19:12, 2 S 6:16 = 1 Ch 15:29, 2 K 9:30, Jo 2:9; latticed windows 1 K 6:4, Ez 40:16, 41:16, 41:26; בּח׳ Jos 2:18, 2:21 (J) Pr 7:6, Zp 2:14; אֶל־הח׳ 2 K 9:32; מִן־הח׳ Ct 2:9; windows of palace, (ו)קָרַע לוֹ חַלּוֹנָי Je 22:14 cutteth him out his windows; of the gates of Ezek.'s temple Ez 40:16, 40:22, 40:25, 40:25, 40:29, 40:33, 40:36, of the temple itself Ez 41:16, 41:16.
† חָלִיל n.m. flute, pipe, ח׳ 1 S 10:5, Is 5:12, 30:29; pl. חֲלִלִים 1 K 1:40, Je 48:36, 48:36.
† II. [חלל] vb. denom. play the pipe, pipe—Qal Pt. pl. וְשָׁרִים כְּחֹלֲלִים Ps 87:7 as well the singers as the pipe-players, cf. AV; < RV Pe De Che Bae al. Polel Pt. fr. 1. חוּל dancers. Pi. Pt. וְהָעָם מְחַלְּלִים בַּחֲלִלִים 1 K 1:40 and the people piped with pipes (cf. As. ḫâlalu, acc. to Dl in Zim:BP 117).
† [מְחִלָּה] n.f. hole, מְחִלּוֹת עָפָר holes of the dust Is 2:19 (‖מְעָרוֹת חֻרִים caves of the rocks).
† III. [חָלַל] vb. pollute, defile, profane; Hiph. also begin (lit. untie, loosen, open, v. Arab.) (Ar. حَلَّ untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie; IV. make lawful; x. esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate; NH חלל be profane, desecrated (also Pi. Hiph. transit.), cf. Aram. חֲלַל ܚܰܠܶܠ Pa. is purify, ܐܰܚܶܠ Aph. is profane)—Niph. Pf. נִחָָל Ez 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (תִּי- Co) Ez 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Ez 7:24; Impf. יֵחָָל Is 48:11, תֵּחֵל Lv 21:9, וָאֵחַל Ez 22:26; Inf. הֵחֵל Ez 20:9, 20:14, 20:22, sf. לְהֵחַלּוֹ Lv 21:4.—
1. reflex. pollute, defile oneself a. ritually, by contact with dead ‖טמא, Lv 21:4 (H). b. sexually ‖זנה Lv 21:9 (H).
2. Pass., be polluted, defiled, of holy places Ez 7:24, 25:3, name of God Ez 20:9, 20:14, 20:22, Is 48:11 and even God himself Ez 22:16, 22:26. Pi. Pf. חִלֵּל Lv 19:8 + 3 t.; sf. חִלִּלוֹ Dt 20:6; 2 ms. חִלַּלְֹתָּ Gn 49:4 + 3 t.; 2 fs. חִלָָּ֔לְתְּ Ez 22:8; 3 pl. sf. חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Ez 7:21 etc., + 16 t. Pf.; Impf. יְחַלֵּל Lv 21:12, 21:15, 21:23; sf. יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ Dt 20:6; pl. יְחַלְּלוּ Lv 21:6 + 4 t., יְחַלֵָּלוּ Ps 89:32 etc., + 13 t. Impf.; Inf. חַלֵּל Am 2:7 + 4 t.; חַלְּלוֹ Ez 23:39 + 4 t.; חַלְּלָם Je 16:18; Pt. מְחַלֵּל Ez 24:21 pl. מְחַלְּלִים Mal 1:12, Ne 13:17; sf. מְחַלֲלֶיהָ Ex 31:14; f. מְחַלֶּלֶת Lv 21:9; —1. defile, pollute: a. sexually, Gn 49:4 (poem) = 1 Ch 5:1 (the father's bed); a woman = זנה Lv 19:29, 21:9 (H); זַרְעוֹ Lv 21:15 (H). b. ceremonially, profane, the altar by a tool Ex 20:25 (JE); sacred places Lv 21:12, 21:23 (H), Ez 7:21, 7:22, 7:22, 23:39, 24:21, 44:7, Zp 3:4, Mal 2:11, Ps 74:7, Dn 11:31; the holy land Je 16:18; sacred things Lv 19:8, 22:9, 22:15 (H) Nu 18:32 (P) Ez 22:26; the sabbath Ex 31:14 (P), Is 56:2, 56:6, Ez 20:13, 20:16, 20:21, 20:24, 22:8, 23:38, Ne 13:17, 13:18; and so the sanctity of the prince of Tyre who made himself God, and his holy places, Ez 28:7, 28:16, 28:18. c. the name of God Lv 18:21, 19:12, 20:3, 21:6, 22:2, 22:32 (all H), Am 2:7, Je 34:16, Ez 20:39, 36:20, 36:21, 36:22, 36:23, Mal 1:12, God himself Ez 13:19. d. י׳ defiles or profanes his inheritance by giving it over to Babylon Is 47:6; the princes of the sanctuary by giving them to Chaldeans Is 43:28. 2. violate the honour of, dishonour, י׳ subj. crown of Davidic kingdom Ps 89:40 (sq. לארץ pregn.), kingdom of Judah La 2:2; the גאון בל חבי Is 23:9.
3. violate a covenant Ps 55:21, 89:35, Mal 2:10, the חקות of God Ps 89:32.
4. treat a vineyard as common (v. חֹל) by beginning to use its fruit Dt 20:6, 20:6, 28:30, Je 31:5 (v. the law Lv 19:23–25, H). Pu. Pt. בַּגּוֹיִם שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל הַמְַחֻלָּל Ez 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations. Hiph. 1. a. Impf. אֶת־שֶׁם־קָדְשִׁי עוֹד לאֹ אַחֵל Ez 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more. b. לאֹ יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ he shall not violate his word Nu 30:3 (P). 2. begin, Pf. הֵחֵל Gn 6:1 + 15 t., הֵ֫חֵלָּה Ju 20:40, הַחִלּוֹתָ Dt 3:24, Est 6:13, הַחִלּֽתִי Dt 2:31, 1 S 22:15, הֵחֵ֫לּוּ Ezr 3:6 + 6 t.; Impf. יָחֵל Ju 10:18, 13:5, וַיָּ֫חֶל Gn 9:20 + 5 t., 3 fs. וַ֫תָּחֶל Ju 13:25, 16:19, 2 ms. תָּחֵל Dt 16:9, אָחֵל Dt 2:25, Jos 3:7, וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ju 20:31 + 3 t., וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Gn 41:54, תָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ez 9:6; Imv. הָחֵל Dt 2:24, 2:31; Inf. cstr. הָחֵל 1 S 3:12 + 2 t.; sf. הַחִלָּם Gn 11:6; Pt. מֵחַל Je 25:29; —begin, Nu 17:11, 17:12 (P) Dt 16:9, 2 Ch 29:27, 29:27; so 2 S 24:15 LXX We Dr (LXX inserts וְהַמַּגֵּפָה הֵחֵ֫לָּה בָּעָם bef. וַיָּ֫מָת); c. Inf. (ל) begin to Gn 41:54 (E), Gn 6:1, 10:8 = 1 Ch 1:10, Gn 11:6, Nu 25:1 (all J), Dt 2:25, 2:31, 3:24, 16:9, Jos 3:7 (D), Ju 10:18, 13:5, 13:25, 16:19, 16:22, 20:31, 20:39, 20:40, 1 S 3:2, 14:35, 22:15, 2 K 10:32, 15:37, 1 Ch 27:24, 2 Ch 3:1, 3:2, 29:17, 31:7, 31:10, 31:21, 34:3, 34:3, Ezr 3:6, Ne 4:1, Est 6:13, 9:23, Je 25:29, Jon 3:4; c. ו consec. Gn 9:20 (J), Ezr 3:8.; c. בְּ begin with Gn 44:12 (J), Ez 9:6, 2 Ch 20:22; so 2 S 24:5, rd. וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ for וַיַּחֲנוּ LXXL We Dr.; c. מן begin from Ez 9:6; הָחֵל רָשׁ begin! possess! Dt 2:24, 2:31; הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending 1 S 3:12 (i.e. accomplishing my full purpose, v. Dr). Hoph. Pf. אָז הוּחַל לִקְראֹ בְּשֵׁם י׳ then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳ Gn 4:26 (J).
Note.—וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Ho 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden RV Hi al.; Wü Now rd. וְיָחִלוּ (I. חול, חיל)—for om. of dagh. v. also וְיָחֵלוּ of Cod. Bab.—shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra AV; Ew וְיָחִלוּ that they may wait (?) a little; LXX וחדלו מעט ממשׁח cease a little from anointing, so Che We, this probably best.
† חֹל n.[m.] profaneness, commonness;—לֶחֶם חֹל 1 S 21:5, דֶּרֶךְ חֹל v:6; in concrete sense, opp. קֹדֶשׁ Lv 10:10 (P), Ez 22:26, 42:20, 44:23, 48:15.
II. † חָלָל adj. profaned;—חָלָל רָשָׁע (rd. cstr. הֲלַל SS) profaned, dishonoured wicked one Ez 21:30 (so AV Thes MV SS Co Or; but RV Hä deadly wounded, Ew Sm fallen, slain); pl. cstr. חַלְלֵי רְשָׁעִים Ez 21:34; fs. חֲלָלָה of woman sexually dishonoured Lv 21:7, 21:14 (H; ‖זָנָה).
† חָלִ֫ילָה subst. c. ה loc., used as exclam. lit. ad profanum! i.e. far be it (for me, thee, etc.) ! (v. Ba:NB 136)—ח׳ Gn 44:7 + 17 t., חָלִלָת Gn 18:25 b + 2 t.—alone, 1 S 14:45, 20:2; elsewh. c. לְ pers.: Gn 18:25 b (J), 1 S 2:30, 20:9, 22:15; + מִן and inf. of act deprecated Gn 18:25 a, 44:7, 44:17 (all J), Jos 24:16 (E), 1 S 12:23, 2 S 23:17; + מִמֶּגּנּל (peculiarly) Jos 22:29 (P; = from it, even to rebel); + אִם (= surely not) 2 S 20:20 (ח׳ ח׳), Jb 27:5; strengthened idiom. by מיהוה, לִי מִיּ׳ח׳ sq. מִן and inf. 1 S 26:11, 1 K 21:3 + 2 S 23:17 (rd. מיהוה, LXXL SyrVer Targum) = 1 Ch 11:19 (מאלהי) sq. אִם 1 S 24:7; לָאֵל מֵרֶשַׁע ה׳ Jb 34:10.
† תְּחִלָּה n.f. beginning, הַתְּחִלָּה Ne 11:17 (rd. הַתְּחִלַּה LXX Vulgate SS Öt), בַּתְּחִלָּה Gn 13:3 + 10 t.; cstr. תְּחִלַּת Ho 1:2, Pr 9:10, Ec 10:13, בִּתְחִלַּת 2 K 17:25 + 4 t., תְ֯חִלַּת. 2 S 21:9, מִתְּחִלַּת 2 S 21:10:—cstr. with nouns חָכְמָה תּ׳ Pr 9:10 the beginning, first principle of wisdom דִּבְרֵי תּ׳ Ec 10:13 the first word, sq. rel. clause דִּבֶּר י׳ תּ׳ at the beginning of, Yahweh spake (= when Yahweh first spake) Ho 1:2; preceded by prep. מִן 2 S 21:10, elsewhere by בְּ in the beginning, of the harvest Ru 1:22, 2 S 21:9 (Qr), of the kingdom Ezr 4:6, of their dwelling there 2 K 17:25, of supplications Dn 9:23, of the shooting up of vegetation Am 7:1, כְּבַתְּ׳ as in the beginning Is 1:26; בַּתְּ׳ at first, first in order Ju 1:1, 20:18, 20:18, 2 S 17:9; at the first, first (or former) time, i.e. first in a series of occurrences, Gn 13:3 (J), 41:21 (E), 43:18, 43:20 (J), Dn 8:1, 9:21.
† I. [חָלַם] vb. be healthy, strong (NH id.; Aram. ܚܠܰܡ Ethp. be made healthy, strong, Aph. causat., also deriv.; חֲלַם press firmly together)—Qal Impf. יַחְלְמוּ בְנֵיהֶם Jb 39:4 their young are healthy. Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. וְתַחֲלִימֵנִי Is 38:16 and restore me to health (‖וְהַחֲיֵ֫ינִי).
† חֵ֫לֶם n.pr.m. (strength)—a returned exile Zc 6:14 = חֶלְדַּי v:10.
† II. חָלַם vb. dream (NH id.; Aram. ܚܠܰܡ, חֲלַם; Eth. h.alama: Ar. حَلَمَ, dream, experience an emission of the seminal fluid, attain to puberty)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 42:9, Dn 2:1, חָלַמְתִּי Gn 37:9 + 3 t., חָלָָמְתִּי Gn 37:6 + 2 t., etc., + 3 t. Pf.; Impf. יַחֲלֽם Is 29:8 + 5 t., יַחְלְמוּ Jb 39:4, וַיַּחַלְמוּ Gn 40:5, יַחֲלֽמָוּן Jo 3:1, נַחַלְמָה Gn 41:11; Pt. חוֹלֵם Dt 13:4, חֹלֵם Gn 41:1, Dt 13:2, 13:6, חֹלְמִים Ps 126:1; —dream: a. of ordinary dreams of sleep Is 29:8, 29:8, Ps 126:1. b. of dreams with prophetic meaning: of Jacob Gn 28:12, Joseph Gn 37:5, 37:6, 37:9, 37:9, 37:10, 42:9, of Pharaoh and his servants Gn 40:5, 40:8, 41:1, 41:5, 41:11, 41:11, 41:15 (all E, not elsewh. in Hex.); of Midianite Ju 7:13, Nebuchad. Dn 2:1, 2:3, old men in latter days Jo 3:1. c. of dreams of false prophets Dt 13:2, 13:4, 13:6, Je 23:25, 23:25. Hiph. Pt, מַחְלְמִים dream (of false prophets, c. acc. cogn.) Je 29:8 (but rd. חֹלְמִים [מ by dittogr. fr. אַתֶּם], Hi Gf Gie Gr).
† חֲלוֹם n.m.:Gn 37:10 dream;—ת׳ abs. Gn 37:5 +, cstr. Gn 20:3, חֲלֽם abs. Gn 20:6, cstr. 31:24; sf. חֲלוֹמִי Gn 40:9, 40:16, חֲלֽמִי Gn 41:17, 41:22, חֲלֽמוֹ Gn 40:5 + 5 t.; pl. חֲלֽמוֹת Je 23:32 + 10 t. etc., + 7 t. sf.—dream
1. ordinary dream of sleep Jb 7:14, 20:8, Ps 73:20, Ec 5:2, 5:6, Is 29:7.
2. dreams with prophetic meaning, the lowest grade of prophecy (v. Br:MP 6): a. dream of Abimelek Gn 20:3, 20:6, of Jacob 31:10, 31:11, Laban 31:24, Joseph 37:5, 37:6, 37:8, 37:9, 37:9, 37:10, 37:19, 37:20, 42:9, Pharaoh and his servants 40:5, 40:5, 40:5, 40:8, 40:9, 40:9; 40:16, 41:7, 41:8, 41:11, 41:11, 41:12, 41:12, 41:15; 41:15, 41:17, 41:22, 41:25, 41:26, 41:32; of a lower order of prophets than Moses Nu 12:6, (all E, not elsewh. in Hex.), Jb 33:15, of Midianite Ju 7:13, 7:13, 7:15, desired by Saul 1 S 28:6, 28:15; of Sol. 1 K 3:5, 3:15; of old men in latter days Jo 3:1, of Nebuchad. Dn 2:1, 2:2, 2:3, 2:3; Daniel הֵבִין בְּכָל־חָזוֹן וַחֲלֽמוֹת Dn 1:17 had understanding in all visions and dreams. b. of false prophets Dt 13:2, 13:4, 13:6, Je 23:27, 23:28, 23:28, 23:32, 27:9, 29:8, Zc 10:2.
חַלָּמוּת n.f. name of a plant, with thick, slimy juice, purslain, Jb 6:6 RVm, so Thes Rob Ges al.; SyrVer ܚܠܰܡܬܳܐ, anchusa PS:i, 1284; on this, and later interpr. v. Bö Di Löw:pp. 165, 361; only אִם־יֶשׁ־טַעַם בְּרִיר חַלָּמוּת Jb 6:6 is there any taste in the juice of ח׳ (fig. of insipid and dull discourse); > AV RV Ew Hi SS after Targum Saad Rabb. in the white of an egg.
חלמשׁ (quadrilit. √ of following; meaning unknown).
† חַלָּמִישׁ n.m. flint;—חַלָּמִישׁ Dt 8:15 + 3 t.; cstr. חַלְמִישׁ Dt 32:13; —flint חוּר הַח׳ rock of flint = flinty rock, whence water flowed for Isr. in desert Dt 8:15, and (no חור) Ps 114:8; worked by miners Jb 28:9; hyperb. oil out of חוּר ח׳ Dt 32:13 flint of rock = rocky flint (poet.);—in sim. of firmness עַל־כֵּן שַׂמְתִּי פָּנַי כַּחַלָּמִישׁ Is 50:7.
חֵלֽן, חֹלוֹן v. sub I. and II. חוֹל.
† חָלַף vb. pass on or away, pass through (mostly poet.) (NH id., pass by or away, change; Ph. חלפת equivalent, Reinach:RÉJ 1888, 276; Hoffm:G. G. Abh. xxxvi. 1890, 20; Aram. חֲלֵף pass away, change; ܚܠܰܦ change, substitute; Nab. חלף change (?) Eut:p. 53; Ar. خَلَفَ come after, succeed, replace [cf. ‘Caliph’ i.e. successor (of Mohammed)] and many deriv. Lane:792–799; so also ויחלפה MI:6 and his son succeeded him; Eth. xalfa: pass by, across, through)—Qal Pf. חָלַף Ct 2:11 Hb 1:11 etc.; Impf. יַחֲלֽף Jb 4:15 + 4 t.; 3 fs. sf. תַּחְלְפֵָהוּ Jb 20:24; יַחֲלָֽפוּ Ps 102:27; Inf. cstr. לַחֲלוֹף Is 21:1; —
1. a. pass on quickly 1 S 10:3; elsewh. only poet., move or sweep on, of a flood Is 8:8, or wind 21:1, Jb 4:15, Hb 1:11, of God Jb 9:11, 11:10. b. pass away (vanish) Jb 9:26 (of days); Ct 2:11 (of rain ‖עבר), of the heavens Ps 102:27, of idols Is 2:l8, (but perhaps gloss JBL:ix. 1890, 86).
2. of grass, come on anew, i. e. sprout again (cf. Hiph. 2) Ps 90:5, 90:6, so Thes AV De Hi Che Bae al.; less suitably in context, LXX Vulgate Ew pass away, supr. 1 b. 3. trans. a. pass through, i.e. pierce, sq. acc. Ju 5:26, Jb 20:24. b. overstep, transgress Is 24:5 (‖עבר), (cf. Ar. IV. to break a promise). Pi. Impf. וַיְחַלֵּף (cause to pass) change, sq. acc. garment Gn 41:14 (E) 2 S 12:20. Hiph. Pf. חֶחֱלִף Gn 31:7; Impf. יַחֲלִיף Jb 14:7; sf. יַהֲּלִיפֶנּוּ Lv 27:10; 3 fs. תַּחֲלִיף Jb 29:20; 2 ms. וַתַּחֲלֵף Gn 31:41; sf. תַּחֲלִיפֵם; יַחֲלִָיפוּ Is 40:31, 41:1; נַחֲלִיף Is 9:9; —1. change (trans.) garments Gn 35:2 (E) Ps 102:27, wages Gn 31:7, 31:41 (both E) ; no obj. expr. Lv 27:10 (H); substitute i. e. cause to succeed Is 9:9; change for better, renew, obj. כֹּחַ Is 40:31, 41:1. 2. shew newness, of tree, putting forth fresh shoots Jb 14:7, of bow 29:20.
† I. חֵ֫לֶף n.[m.] exchange, only cstr., as prep. in return for (so הֲלַף, ܚܠܳܦ, common in Aram. e.g. Gn 4:23 Targum SyrVer for Heb. תַּחַת)—עֲבֹדָתָם ח׳ (עֲבֹדַתְכֶם) Nu 18:21, 18:31 (both P).
† II. חֵָלֶף n.pr.loc. in Naphtali, site unknown Jos 19:33.
† חֲלוֹף n.m. a passing away, vanishing (properly Inf. of חלף)—בְּנֵי ח׳ Pr 31:8 i.e. those who are passing away, transitory (cf. Qal 1 b.).
† [חֲלִיפָה] n.f. a change (from idea of replacing, changing, substituting, cf. Ar., Aram.)—sf. חֲלִיפָתִי Jb 14:14; pl. abs. חֲלִיפוֹת Ju 14:19 + 3 t.; cstr. id. Ju 14:13, 2 K 5:5; חֲלִפוֹת Gn 45:22 + 2 t.; חֲלִפֹת Gn 45:22, Ju 14:12; —
1. change of raiment שׂמלת ח׳ Gn 45:22, 45:22, elsewhere בגדים ח׳ Ju 14:12, 14:13, 2 K 5:5, 5:22, 5:23; so without בגדים Ju 14:19.
2. relays 1 K 5:28; cf. וחבא ח׳ Jb 10:17 (Di).
3. revival after death, under fig. of relief from milit. service Jb 14:14.
4. changing, varying, of course of life אֲשֶׁר אֵין חֲלִימוֹת לָָמוֹ Ps 55:20 of the wicked, with whom are no changings, i.e. they do evil incessantly, steadily (‖ולא יָרְֽאוּ אלהים) so Kmp Hu De Sch al.; but the expression is peculiar and obscure; Calv vicissitudes; Hengst discharges; text perhaps corrupt.
† [מַחֲלָף] n.m. knife, so Vulgate (cf. Syr. ܚܠܰܦ totondit (in Lex.), ܚܠܳܦܳܐ, ܚܠܳܘܦܬܳܐ, knife, Talm. חליפות knives, acc. to Levy, Jastr ; Thes as passing through (cf. vb. 3 a)); but √ and meaning not certain, only Pl. מַחֲלָפִים Ezr 1:9, among temple utensils (v. BeRy Ryle).
† [מַחֲלָפָה] n.f. plait (of hair; so called fr. intertwining, passing through each other, of the strands)—Pl. cstr. מַחְלְפוֹת ראֹשִׁי Ju 16:13, cf. v:19.
† I. חָלַץ vb. draw off or out, withdraw, (NH id.; Aram. חֲלַץ; ܚܠܰܨ despoil, usu. Pa. etc.; Ph. n.pr. חלחבעל Baal has rescued, and חלץ alone; Ar. خَلَصَ withdraw, retire)—Qal Pf. Ho 5:6; וְחָֽלְחָה consec. Dt 25:9; חָֽלְחוּ La 4:3; Impf. 2 ms. תַּחֲלֽץ; Pt. pass. cstr. חֲלוּץ Dt 25:10; —
1. draw, draw off, c. acc. of sandal Dt 25:9, Is 20:2 (both sq. רֶגֶל c. מִן), cf. בֵּית חֲלוּץ הַנָּ֑עַל Dt 25:10; draw out, present the breast, of animal giving suck La 4:3.
2. intrans. withdraw (himself) sq. מִן Ho 5:6. Niph. Pf. be delivered נֶחֱלָָץ Pr 11:8 (sq. מִן); Impf. יֵחָלֵָחוּ Pr 11:9; יֵחָֽלְחוּן Ps 60:7 = 108:7 (Ges:§ 51. 2. R. 2). Pi. Pf. חִלֵּץ Lv 14:43 etc.; Impf. יְחַלֵּץ Jb 36:15; וָאֲחַלְּחָה Ps 7:5 (but on text vid. infr. ad fin.); sf. אֲחַלָּחְךָ Ps 50:15; אֲחַלְּחֶ֫ךָּ Ps 81:8, etc.; Imv. חַלְּחָה Ps 6:5; חַלְּחֵנִי Ps 119:153, 140:2; —1. pull out, tear out Lv 14:40, 14:43 (P; stones fr. infested house). 2. rescue, deliver, c. obj. pers., but only poet.;—sq. נפשׁי Ps 6:5, 116:8 (מִמָּ֫וֶת); cf. 140:2 (sq. מִן); abs. c. acc. Ps 18:20 = 2 S 22:20, Ps 34:8, 50:15, 81:8, 91:15, 119:153, Jb 36:15; וָאֲחַלְּחָה Ps 7:5; sq. acc., but I delivered AV Hup Ri, cf. Ew; and spoiled, despoiled Ges Hi De Bae (but this only in Aram.); < and oppressed (rd. וָאֶֽלְחְחָה) Krochm Dy Gr Che ; (‖ גָּמַלְתִּי רַע).
† [חֲלִיחָה] n.f. what is stripped off a person, as plunder, in war;—only sf. חֲלִחָתוֹ 2 S 2:21; חֲלִיחוֹתָם Ju 14:19.
† [מַחֲלָחָה] n.f. robe of state (taken off in ordinary life);—only pl. abs. מַחֲלָחוֹת Is 3:22 robes of ladies of Jerusalem; Zc 3:4 of high priest.
† II. [חָלַץ] vb. equip for war (primary idea of strength, vigour, v. Hiph., n. חֲלָחַיִם, and As. ḫ alṣu, fortification (Schr:COT Gloss Asrb:Annals ii. 52), cf. ḫ ilṣu, belt, Zehnpfund:BAS i. 499; Aram. ܚܠܺܝܨ accinctus ad opus, strenuus, ܚܠܺܝܨܽܘܬܳܐ fortitudo, strenuitas, Gk. ὰνδρεία, > Thes Rob Ges SS who regard as = I. חלץ in sense strip for battle, expeditus)—Qal only Pt. pass. חָלוּץ Nu 32:21 + 7 t., cstr. חֲלוּץ Nu 32:27; pl. חֲלוּחִים Nu 32:30 + 2 t., cstr. חֲלוּחֵי 1 Ch 12:34 + 3 t.; חֲלֻחֵי Is 15:4; —equipped:
1. as adj. Nu 32:30, 32:32, Dt 3:18.
2. as subst. sg. coll. Nu 32:21 (JE; v. Niph. v:20) 2 Ch 20:21, 28:14, c. art. הֶח׳ Jos 6:7, 6:9, 6:13 (JE); חֲלוּץ חָבָא Nu 32:27 men equipped for war (JE), so הַמִּלְחָמָה ח׳ 32:29 (P); לַצָּבָא הֶחָ׳ 1 Ch 12:24 (v:23 van d. H); pl. חֲלוּחֵי חָבָא Nu 31:5 (P) 1 Ch 12:25 (v:24, van d. H) 2 Ch 17:18; הַצּ׳ ח׳ Jos 4:13 (P); note חֲלֻחֵי מוֹאָב Is 15:4 warriors (equipped ones, Che men-at-arms) of Moab. Niph. Impf. 2 mpl. תֵּחָֽלְחוּ Nu 32:20, 1 pl. נֵחָלֵץ Nu 32:17; Imv. הֵחָֽלְחוּ Nu 31:3; be, or go equipped, sq. לִפְנֵי Nu 32:17, 32:20 (both JE ; v. Qal Pt. v:21); sq. לַצָּבָא 31:3 (P; Niph. Imv. here surprising with לממֵֶאִתְּכֶם, v. Di). Hiph. Impf.) עַחְמֹתֶיךָָ יַחֲלִיץ Is 58:11 he (י׳) will brace up, in-vigorate, thy bones (MV De Di; Hup Che crit. n. Du al. rd. יִחֲלִיף renew, rejuvenate).
† [חָלָץ] n.[f.] only dual, loins (as seat of strength, vigour; cf. Aram. חֲרְחָא hip, loin, Syr. ܚܰܨܳܐ, Nö:ZMG 1886, 741)—חֲלָחָָיִם Is 32:11; sf. חֲלָחֶיךָ Gn 35:11 + 4 t.; חֲלָחָיו Is 5:27 + 2 t.; חלחו Kt Jb 31:20, Qr חֲלָחָיו;—loins:
1. as seat of virility יחא מן ח׳ Gn 35:11 (P), 1 K 8:19, 2 Ch 6:9.
2. as girded אֱזָר־ נָא כְּגֶבֶר ח׳ Jb 38:3, 40:7; אֵזוֹר חֲלָחָיו Is 5:27 (v. אֵזוֹר), וַחֲג֫וֹרָה עַל חֲלָחָָיִם 32:11, cf. Jb 31:20 where the clothed loins are conceived as blessing charitable giver; metaph. Is 11:5 faithfulness waist-cloth of his loins (‖מתניו).
3. as seat of pains, like a woman's in travail, Je 30:6.
† חֶ֫לֶץ n.pr.m. (vigour)
1. one of David's heroes 2 S 23:26, LXX Σελλης, A Ελλης, LXXL Χαλλης; = 1 Ch 11:27 LXX Χελλης, LXXL Ελλης; also 1 Ch 27:10 LXX Χεσλης, A LXXL Χελλης (in both, Baer חֶלֶץ, van d. H. חֵלֶץ).
2. man of Judah 1 Ch 2:39 = חָָלֶץ v:39 LXX Χελλης, LXXL Αλλαν.
חֵ֫לֶץ n.pr.m. v. חֶלֶץ supr.
† I. חָלַק vb. divide, share (NH id.; Aram. חֲלַק field, חוּלְּקָא portion, ܚܠܰܩ divide, determine, decree; Ar. خَلَقَ measure, measure off; As. eḳlu, possession, field, Jäger:BAS ii. 296; Eth. xelaqe:: 1. 2, is enumerate, xulqu: xulqu: enumeration, number)—Qal Pf. ה׳ Dt 4:19 + 5 t.; חָֽלְקוּ Jos 18:2; Impf. יַחֲלֽק Jb 27:17, Pr 17:2; 2 ms. sf. וַתַּחְלְקֵם Ne 9:22; 3 pl. וַיַּחְלְקוּ Jos 14:5; יַחֲלָֽקוּ 1 S 30:24; וַיַּחְלְקוּם 1 Ch 24:4, 24:5; תַּחְלְקוּ 2 S 19:30; Imv. חִלְקוּ Jos 22:8; Inf. לַחֲלֽק Ne 13:13; Pt. חוֹלֵק Pr 29:24; —
1. divide, apportion, sq. acc. (of gods) and לְ pers. Dt 4:19, 29:25; acc. not expressed Ne 13:13 (ref. to offerings and tithes); c. acc. (of land) Jos 14:5 (P), 18:2 (JE), 2 S 19:30: obj. people Ne 9:22; עִם ח׳ divide with others Jos 22:8 (D ?).
2. assign, distribute : Levites over (על) temple 2 Ch 23:18, cf. 1 Ch 24:4, 24:5.
3. assign, impart, sq. בִּינָה & לְ Jb 39:17.
4. share (in), sq. acc. silver Jb 27:17; inheritance Pr 17:2; spoil 1 S 30:24 (obj. om.); sq. עם have shares with עם גַּנָּב ח׳ Pr 29:24.
5. divide up = plunder the temple, sq. acc. 2 Ch 28:21 (v. Be). Niph. Impf. יֵחָלֵק Nu 26:55, 1 K 16:21; יֵחָ֫לֶק Jb 38:24; וַיֵּחָלֵק Gn 14:15; 3 fs. תֵּחָלֵק Nu 26:53, 26:56; וַיֶּֽחָלְקֵם (Baer) 1 Ch 23:6, 24:3 cf. Be & infr. sub Pi.;—1. reflex., divide oneself Gn 14:15 (i.e. one's men). 2. pass. be divided: a. apportioned, the land Nu 26:53, 26:55 (by lot) v:56 (id.); all P. b. of people, divided into two factions 1 K 16:21. c. of light, parted, spread abroad Jb 38:24. 3. trans. assign, distribute 1 Ch 23:6, 24:3, but trans. Niph. is unlikely, v. infr. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. חִלְּקוּ Jo 4:2; וְחִלַּקְתֶּם consec. Ez 47:21; sf. חִלְּקָם La 4:16; 3 fs. sf. חִלְּקַ֫תָּה Is 34:17; 2 ms. sf. וְחִלַּקְתָּם Ez 5:1; —Impf. יְחַלֵּק Gn 49:27 + 4 t., etc.; prob. rd. יְחַלְּקֵם 1 Ch 23:6, 24:3 (v. supr. Niph.), etc.; Imv. חַלֵּק Jos 13:7; Inf. חַלֵּק Jos 19:51, Pr 16:19; sf. חַלְּקָם Is 9:2; —1. divide, apportion: food, at festival 2 S 6:19, sq. acc. & לְ = 1 Ch 16:3, garments Ps 22:19, sorrows Jb 21:17 (no לְ); give a portion to, sq. לְ (no acc. expr.) Is 53:12; a land Jo 4:2 (no ind. obj.) Jos 19:51 (P), also Mi 2:4, Ps 60:8 = 108:8, Dn 11:39; sq. acc. & לְ Jos 13:7, 18:10, 1 K 18:6, Is 34:17, Ez 47:21; divide hair (symbol.) Ez 5:1; divide spoil (שָׁלָל) Is 9:2, Pr 16:19, Gn 49:27 (poem), Ex 15:9 (song); Ju 5:30, Ps 68:13, Is 53:12. 2. assign, distribute: Levites to their service, prob. 1 Ch 23:6, 24:3 (v. supr.) 3. scatter, sq. acc. Gn 49:7 (poem) (‖הפיץ), La 4:16. Pu. Pf. הֻלַּק Is 33:23; וְחֻלַּק consec. Zc 14:1; Impf. 3 fs. תְּחֻלָָּק Am 7:17; be divided, of land Am 7:17; spoil Is 33:23, Zc 14:1. Hithp. Pf. וְהִתְחַלְּקוּ consec. Jos 18:5 divide (land) among themselves. Hiph. Inf. לַחֲלִק Je 37:12; to receive a portion (denom. fr. חֵלֶק), but dub.
† I. חֵ֫לֶק n.m.:Jos 18:5 portion, tract, territory—ח׳ abs. Gn 31:14 +; cstr. Gn 14:24 +; sf. חֶלְקִי Ps 16:5 + 6 t.; חֶלְקְךָ Nu 18:20, Ec 9:9; חֶלְקֶָךָ Ps 50:18; חֶלְקֵח Is 57:6; חֶלְקוֹ Hb 1:16 + 5 t.; חֶלְקָם Gn 14:24 + 3 t.; pl. חֲלָקִים Jos 18:5 + 5 t.; sf. חֶלְקֵיהֶם Ho 5:7; —
1. portion, share: a. of booty Gn 14:24, 14:24, Nu 31:36 (P) 1 S 30:24, 30:24. b. of food Lv 6:10 (P); יזכלי כּח׳ ח׳ Dt 18:8; = food Hb 1:16 (‖מַאֲכָל); so (of unrestricted charity) Ec 11:2 v. Now. c. sq. בְּ, share or interest in Ec 9:6, with idea of obligation to Gn 31:14 (E; in father's house), 2 S 20:1 = 1 K 12:16 = 2 Ch 10:16 (in royal line; all ‖נַחֲלָה); of right (privilege) in ביהוה ח׳ Jos 22:25, 22:27 (P); Ne 2:20 (in Jerus.; + חְדָקָה וְזִכָּרוֹן), d. proper share or part אַעֲנֶה חֶלְקִי Jb 32:l7 i.e. I will do my part in replying. Esp.
2. portion, tract, of land: a. as distrib. at conquest Jos 19:9, seven portions 18:5, 18:6, 18:9 (all JE) v:7 (JE; + נחלה in ‖ cl.), 15:13, 19:9 (both P); none for tribe of Levi Dt 10:9, 12:12, 14:27, 14:29, 18:1, Jos 18:7 (all D; ‖נחלה), Jos 14:4 (P), none for priests Nu 18:20 (P; ‖ vb. נחל). b. of land possessed by people Ho 5:7, Mi 2:4. c. portion to be assigned after exile Is 61:7, Ez 45:7, 48:8, 48:21, חֶלְקוֹ עַל־אַדְמַת הַקֹּדֶשׁ Zc 2:16. d. specif. of town-land, district about a town, יִזְרְעֵאל ח׳ 2 K 9:10, 9:36 + 1 K 21:23 (MT חֵל), יִזְ׳ הַשָּׂדֶה בְּח׳ v:37. e. הַחֵלֶק Am 7:4 (opp. תְּהוֹם) appar. of land of Isr.
3. hence portion, i.e. (acquired) possession: a. of people as י׳'s possession Dt 32:9 (‖חֶבֶל נחלתו); but esp. b. of י׳ as possession of his servants: of priests, as enjoying perquisites of altar Nu 18:20 (P; ‖נחלה), in spiritual sense Ps 73:26, 119:57, La 3:24; מְנָת חֶלְקִי י׳ Ps 16:5; בְּאֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים ח׳ 142:6; hence יעקב ח׳ of י׳ Je 10:16 = 51:19 (שֵׁבֶט נַחֲלָתוֹ in ‖ cl.)
4. chosen portion, habitual mode of life עִם־מְנָאֲפִים ח׳ Ps 50:18 with adulterers is thy chosen life (companionship, shewing character); בְּחַלְּקֵי־נַחַל חֶלְקֵח Is 57:6 among smooth (things i.e. stones) of a brook-bed is thy chosen life (of idolatrous habit; v. חָלָק); חֶלְקָם בַּחַיִּים Ps 17:14.
5. portion, award, from God אֱלוֹהַּ ח׳ Jb 31:2 (‖נחלה); specif. of punishment of wicked Is 17:14 (‖גּוֹרָל), עִם־אֵל Jb 27:13, מֵאֱלֽהִים 20:29 (‖נחלה); = profit, reward חֶלְקִי מִכָּל־עֲמָלִי Ec 2:10, cf. v:21, 3:22, 5:17, 5:18, 9:9.—לְחֵלָק Jb 17:5 is dub.: a share of feast, or of booty, Kmp Hi; a prey, spoil, Ew Di Da; AV flattery does not suit context.
† II. חֵ֫לֶק n.pr.m. (portion) a Gileadite Nu 26:30, Jos 17:2. LXX Χελεγ, (κ), Κελεζ, etc.; LXXL Jos 17:2 Ελεκ.
† חֶלְקִי adj.gent. of foreg.; only c. art. as subst. coll. after מִשְׁפַּחַת Nu 26:30.
† I. חֶלְקָה n.f. portion of ground;—abs. ח׳ Am 4:7, 4:7 + 8 t.; cstr. חֶלְקַת Gn 33:19 + 12 t.; sf. חֶלְקָתִי Je 12:10; חֶלְקָתָם Jb 24:18; portion of ground,
1. esp. a. הַשָּׂרֶה ח׳ = the clearly divided field Gn 33:19, Jos 24:32 (both E), 2 S 23:11, Ru 2:3, 4:3, 2 K 9:25, 1 Ch 11:13. Also b. without השׂדה Am 4:7, 4:7, 2 S 14:30, 14:30, 14:31, 23:12, 2 K 3:19, 3:25, 9:21, 9:26, 9:26, 1 Ch 11:14, Jb 24:18; of י׳'s land Je 12:10, 12:10 (‖כַּרְמִי); cf. also n.pr.loc. חלקת חַצֻּרִים 2 S 2:16 field of sword-edges (Dr), LXX Ew:G iii. 156, Eng. tr. 114 We rd. הַצֹּדִים ח׳ field of plotters or liers-in-wait (v. Dr).
2. portion of ground assigned to one, מחקק ח׳ Dt 33:21 commander's portion.
† [חֲלֻקָּה] n.f. part, portion, חֲלֻקַּת בֵּית־אָב לַלְוִיִּם 2 Ch 35:5.
† חֶלְקָָי n.pr.m. priest, time of Joiakim son of Jeshua, Ne 12:15 (perh. abbrev. for חלקיהו, (q.v.), LXXL Χελκιας (B om.)
† חֶלְקָת» n.pr.loc. (portion, possession) city in Asher Jos 21:31, LXX Χελκατ, A Θελκαθ, LXXL Χαλκαθ, = חֶלְקַת 19:25 LXX Ελεκεθ, A Χελκαθ, LXXL Ελκαθ.
† חֶלְקַת הַצֻּרִים n.pr.loc. a place near pool of Gibeon where Ishbosheth's men were killed by Dvd.'s men under Joab 2 S 2:16, LXX Μέρις τῶν ἐπιβούλων; on mng. of name v. 1. חֶלְקָה supr.
† חִלְקִיָּהוּ, חִלְקִיָּה n.pr.m. (my portion is י׳) LXX usu. Χελκ(ε)ιας, Χελχιας;—
1. father of Eliakim, Hezekiah's officer, חלקיהו 2 K 18:18, 18:26, Is 22:20, 36:3, 36:22; חלקיה 2 K 18:37.
2. high priest, Josiah's time, חלקיהו 2 K 22:4, 22:8, 22:14, 23:4, 23:24, 2 Ch 34:9, 34:14, 34:15, 34:15, 34:18, 34:20, 34:22; חלקיה 2 K 22:8, 22:10, 22:12, 1 Ch 5:39, 5:39, 9:11, 2 Ch 35:8, Ezr 7:1, cf. also Ne 11:11.
3. חלקיהו father of Jerem. Je 1:1.—The foll. are all חלקיה:
4. Levites: a. 1 Ch 6:30. b. 1 Ch 26:11.
5. a priest, contemp. of Ezra Ne 4:8, 12:7, 12:21.
6. father of Gemariah, an ambassador of Zedekiah to Nebuchadrezzar Je 29:3.
מַחֲלֽ֫קֶת n.f. division, course (almost wholly Chr.)—מ׳ abs. 1 Ch 27:1, 27:2; cstr. 1 Ch 27:4; sf. מַחֲלֻקְתּוֹ 1 Ch 27:2 + 14 t. 1 Ch 27; abs. מַחְלְקוֹת 1 Ch 23:6 + 6 t. Ch + 1 S 23:28 (v. infr.); cstr. id. 1 Ch 26:12 + 5 t. Ch + Ne 11:36; sf. מַחְלְקוֹתֵיכֶם 2 Ch 35:4; מַחְלְקוֹתֵיהֶם 2 Ch 31:16, 31:17; מַחְלְקוֹתָם 1 Ch 24:1 + 3 t. in Ch; מַחְלְקֹתָם Jos 11:23, 12:7, 18:10, Ez 48:29; —
1. division, part, of land assigned to the several tribes of Isr. Jos 11:23, 12:7 ( both D) 18:10 (JE; others, divisions of Isr., but v.) Ez 48:29.
2. techn. term of organization of priests and Levites (late), 1 Ch 23:6, 24:1, 26:1, 26:12, 26:19, 2 Ch 8:14, 8:14, 31:2; 31:2, 35:4, 35:10, Ne 11:36 + 26 t. in Ch.—סֶלַע הַמַּחְלְקוֹת n.pr. 1 S 23:28 was popularly connected with this √, = rock of divisions, where Saul and David parted from neighbourhood of each other (Dr) so Vrss Th al.; Bö Klo, where their forces lay divided from each other; orig. connex. was perh. with II. חלק, smooth, slippery; Ges De W Ke al. expl. here as rock of escapes, but this meaning for חלק dubious.
II. חָלַק vb. be smooth, slippery (NH adj. חָלָק smooth, empty, Ar. خَلَقَ make smooth, lie, forge, fabricate)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Ho 10:2; 3 mpl. חָֽלְקוּ Ps 55:22; —smooth, slippery, only fig.: Ho 10:2 of heart of faithless Isr. (so Ew Ke Wü Now RVm), We false; >Vrss (not LXX) Hi St who rd. חֻלַּק, divided is their heart; LXX ἐμέρισαν; of words, smooth Ps 55:22 i.e. deceptive (‖רַכּוּ דְבָרָיו מִשֶּׁמֶן). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱלִיק Ps 36:3, הֶחֱלִיקָה Pr 2:16, 7:5; Impf. יַחֲלִיקוּן Ps 5:10; Pt. מַחֲלִיק Pr 28:23 + 2 t.; make smooth:
1. lit. of idol-maker Is 41:7 c. acc. instr. פַּטִּישׁ hammer.
2. fig. the tongue, i.e. flatter with it Ps 5:10, Pr 28:23, words Pr 2:16, 7:5 אֲמָרֶיהָ הֶחֱלִיקָה; abs. deal smoothly, sq. אֶל־ Ps 36:3, עַל Pr 29:5.
† III. חֵ֫לֶק n.[m.] smoothness, seductiveness of speech, only sg. cstr. בְּחֵלֶק שְׁפָתֶיהָ תַּדִּיחֶָנּוּ Pr 7:21 with the seductiveness of her lips she impelleth him (‖הִטַּתּוּ בְּרֹב לִקְחָהּ).—I. and II. חֵלָק v. sub I. חלק.
† חָלָק adj. smooth—
1. lit. אִישׁ חָלָק Gn 27:11 (J), smooth man (opp. אישׁ שָׂעִר); הָהָר הֶחָלָק Jos 11:17, 12:7 the bald mt. (both D); southern limit of Jos.'s conquest, identif. dub.; (1) white cliffs 8 m. S. of Dead Sea, and (2) Mt. Mâdara SW. fr. Pass es-Ṣafâ are proposed, v. Di.; as subst. חַלְּקֵי־נַחַל Is 57:6 (v. I. חֵלָק, 4) smooth (stones) of a brook-bed (ravine, wady), i.e. thou worshippest common round stones (contempt., v. Che Di).
2. fig. of mouth uttering smooth words וְחָלָק מִשֶּׁמֶן חִכָּהּ Pr 5:3 cf. 26:28.
3. as subst. = flattery מִקְסָם חָלָק Ez 12:24 divination of flattery.
† II. [חֶלְקָה] n.f. smooth part, smoothness, flattery;—cstr. חֶלְקַת Gn 27:16, Pr 6:24; pl. חֲלָקוֹת Ps 12:3 + 3 t.;—
1. smoothness, smooth part חֶלְקַת חַוָּארָיו Gn 27:16.
2. pl. slippery places Ps 73:18 fig. of situation of wicked.
3. smoothness = flattery שְׂפַת חִ׳ Ps 12:3, cf. v:4; חֶלְקַת לָשׁוֹן Pr 6:24; = subst. pl. smooth things, i.e. agreeable, flattering things Is 30:10.—1. חֶלְקָה v. sub I. חלק.
† [חַלֻּק] adj. smooth, only pl. cstr. חַלֻּקֵי אֲבָנִים 1 S 17:40 smooth ones of (among) stones = smooth (or smoothest ?) stones Ges:§§ 132 R 2. 133, 3 Dr:Sm.
† [חֲלַקָּה] n.f. smoothness, flattery, only pl. abs.: fine promises, יַחֲנִיף בַּחֲלַקָּוֹת Dn 11:32 (perhaps directly from חָלָק, exceptional pl., cf. גְּמַלִּים, קְטַנָּה, קְטַנִּים, קְטַנּוֹת).
† חֲלַקְלַקּוֹת n.pl.f.abstr. smoothness, slipperiness, flattery, fine promises;
1. slipperiness יהי־דרכם חשׁך וַחֲלַקְלַקֹּת Ps 35:6; יהיה דרכם להם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת Je 23:12.
2. fine promises והחזיק מלכוּת בַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹה Dn 11:21; cf. 11:34.
† II. מַחְלְקוֹת n.f.pl. smoothness, סֶלַע הַמּ׳ 1 S 23:28 rock of smoothness, i.e. slippery rock, perhaps original meaning of this n.pr., v. further I. מחלקוֹת sub I. חלק.
† [חָלַשׁ] vb. 1. be weak, prostrate. 2. (si vera l.) weaken, disable, prostrate (Aram. חֲלַשׁ be weak; ܚܰܠܳܫ, חַלָּשׁ weak, as in Heb.; Ar. مُحْلِس poor (Frey))—Qal Impf. וַיַּחֲלשׁ Ex 17:13, וַיֶּחֱלָָשׁ Jb 14:10; Pt. חוֹלֵשׁ Is 14:12;
1. ונבר ימות ויח׳ Jb 14:10 but man dieth and is prostrate.
2. disable, prostrate, sq. acc. pers. Ex 17:13 (E; point as Hiph. ?); sq. עַל pers. (strangely) Is 14:12.
† חַלָּשׁ adj. weak, only c. art. as subst., הַחַלָּשׁ יאמר גבור אני Jo 4:10 the weak, let him say, I am a mighty man.
† חֲלוּשָׁה n.f. weakness, prostration, אֵין קוֹל עֲנוֹת ח׳ Ex 32:18 it is not the sound of the answering of weakness (JE; opp. גְּבוּרָה).
† I. חָם n.pr.pers. m. and loc. (cf. Sab. חם Hal:243)—LXX Χαμ:—
1. Ham, 2nd son of Noah Gn 5:32, 6:10, 7:13, 9:18, 9:18, 1 Ch 1:4; called father of Canaan Gn 9:22 and of various peoples 10:1, 10:6, 10:20, 1 Ch 1:8, cf. מִן־חָם הַיּשְׁבִים שָׁם 4:40; these peoples were inhabitants of southern lands, or related historically or politically to such inhabitants; v. כּוּשׁ, כְּנַעַן, מִחְרַיִם, פּוּט, etc.
2. in late PsalmPsalm a name (coll.) for Egyptians:—אָֽהֳלֵיאח׳ Ps 78:51; אֶרֶץ־ח׳ 105:23, 105:27, 106:22 (all ‖מִחְרַיִם, exc. 105:27).—On historical significance, and attempts at etymol. v. Di:Gen. ed. 6, chap.10, esp. pp. l65, 168 f., Hom:SV i. 427 Bu:Urg. 323 Wiedemann:Ägypt. Gesch. i. 22.
II. חָם husband's father, v. חמה. p. 327
III. חָם adj. warm, hot, v. sub חמם. p. 328
חֹם v. sub חמם. p. 328
חמא (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. خَمَا be hard, used of curdled milk, Frey).
† חֶמְאָהֹ n.f. curd;—ח׳ Gn 18:8 + 6 t.; = חֵמָה Jb 29:6; cstr. חֶמְאַה Dt 32:14; curd, curdled milk, mod. labben מִיץ חָלָב יוֹחְיא ח׳ Pr 30:33, elsewhere joined with חָלָב Gn 18:8 (J) Dt 32:14 (poem ; תֶמְאַת בָּקָר וַחֲלֵב חאֹן), Ju 5:25 (where served בְּסֵפֶל אַדִּירִים, v. ספל); with דְּבַשׁ 2 S 17:29, Is 7:15, 7:22, 7:22; cf. נַחֲלֵי דבשׁ וח׳ fig. of abundance Jb 20:17; בִּרְחֹץ חֲלִיכַי בְּחֵמָָה Jb 29:6 (‖חוּר יָחוּק :פַּלְגֵי־שָֽׁמֶן ).
† חֵמָא v. חֵמָה sub יחם. p. 404
† חָמַד vb. desire, take pleasure in (Aram. חֲמַד (not in Syr.); Ar. حَمِدَ praise, eulogize, appove of; Sab. חמדס in gratitude [praise] there-for DHM:ZMG 1875, 595; 1876, 686)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Ps 68:17, Pr 12:12; חָֽמְדוּ Pr 1:22; וְחָֽמְדוּ consec. Mi 2:2; חֲמַדְתֶּם Is 1:29; Impf. יַחְמֹד Ex 34:24; 2 ms. תַּחְמֹד Ex 20:16, 20:16 + 3 t. (incl. Pr 6:25 juss.); sf. וָאֶחְמְדֵם Jos 7:21; וְנֶחְמְדֵ֫הוּ Is 53:2; Pt. pass. חֲמוּדוֹ Ps 39:12, Jb 20:20, חֲמדֵיהֶם Is 44:9; —desire: a. in bad sense of inordinate, ungoverned, selfish desire, sq. acc. Ex 20:17, 20:17 (E) = Dt 5:18 (v:18 b has תִּתְאַוֶּה), Ex 34:24 (JE) Dt 7:25, Jos 7:21 (JE) Mi 2:2, Pr 12:12; of lustful desire Pr 6:25. b. = take pleasure in, of idolatrous tendency Is 1:29, so pt. pl. חֲמוּדֵיהֵם Is 44:9 their delightful things (things in which they delight, v. also v:11and Bev:JPh. xvii. 1888. p. 126); לֵחִים לָחוֹן חָֽמְדוּ Pr 1:22 how long do scorners delight in scoring. c. less often in good sense, said of God לְשִׁבְתּוֹ הָהָר חָמַד א׳, poet. Ps 68:17; obj. the suffering servant of י׳, Is 53:2 no beauty in him, that we should desire him (choose him, be drawn toward him); pt. pass. coll. חֲמוּדוֹ Ps 39:12 his desired things, i. e. chosen, choice, desirable (v. Niph.); so prob. Jb 20:20. Niph. Pt. נֶחְמָד Gn 2:9 + 2 t.; הַנֶּחֱמָדִים Ps 19:11; —desirable: עץ נ׳ לְמַרְאֶה Gn 2:9, לְהַשְׂכִּיל נ׳ 3:6, מִוָהָב הַנֶּח׳ Ps 19:11 which are more desirable than gold; אוֹחָר נֶחְמָד Pr 21:20 desirable, i.e. costly treasure. Pi. Pf. 1 s. delight greatly וְיָשַׁ֫בְתִּי בְּחִלּוֹ ח׳ Ct 2:3 in his shadow I greatly delighted and sate, i.e. sate with great delight.
† חֶ֫מֶד n.[m.] desire, delight—abs. ח׳ Am 5:11+ 4 t.; only after a cstr.; נְטַעְתֶּם כַּרְמַיאח׳ Am 5:11vineyards of desire (i.e. delightful vineyards) have ye planted; so rd. also Is 27:2 (for MT כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר) Codd. HCT LXX van d. H Lo Hi Ew De Di Che Du; so of fields שְׁדֵי ח׳ Is 32:12; elsewh. of young men בַּחוּרֵי ח׳ Ez 23:6, 23:12, 23:23 desirable young men = fine, attractive, young men.
† חֶמְדָּה n.f. id.—ח׳ Ho 13:15 + 8 t.; cstr. חֶמְדַּת 1 S 9:20 + 3 t.; sf. חֶמְדָּתִי Je 12:10; חֶמְדָּתֵח Ez 26:12; חֶמְדָּתָם Dn 11:8; —desire of Israel 1 S 9:20 sq. לְ before obj. of desire; בְּלאֹ ח׳ = without desire 2 Ch 21:20 (i.e. he lived as no one desired), v. Öt LXX (not LXXL) Vulgate; concrete: ישׂראל כל־ח׳ 1 S 9:20 and for whom is all that is desirable in Isr.? so LXX Vulgate RV Dr; (>AV and on whom is all the desire of Isr.?); cf. כל־הגוים ובאו ח׳ Hg 2:7 (i.e. the desirable, precious things of all nations); elsewh. after cstr. as חֶמֶד; esp. כלי ח׳ Ho 13:15, Na 2:10, Je 25:34, 2 Ch 32:27, 36:10, Dn 11:8; שְׂכִיּוֹת ח׳ Is 2:16, אֶרֶץ ח׳ Ps 106:24, Je 3:19, Zc 7:14, cf. חֶלְקַת ח׳ Je 12:10; בתי ח׳ Ez 26:12; נשׁים ח׳ Dn 11:37, appar. ref. to some obj. of idolatrous worship, perhaps Adonis = Tammuz Ew Bev (Astarte, Meinh).
† [חֲמוּדָה] n.f. desirableness, preciousness—Pl. abs. חֲמוּדוֹת Dn 9:23; חֲמוּדֹת Ezr 8:37; חֲמֻדוֹת 2 Ch 20:25 + 4 t.; חֲמֻדֹת Gn 27:15; cstr. חֲמֻדוֹת Dn 11:43; —desirable, choice things i.e. garments Gn 27:15 (‖בגדים); cf. Dn 11:38 (‖אבן יקרה), 11:43 (חֲמֻדוֹת מִחְרַיִם); = precious things Ezr 8:27 (as gold); כלי ח׳ 2 Ch 20:25; לֶחֶם ח׳ Dt 10:3; of man only אִישׁ־ח׳ Dn 10:11, 10:19, and, without אישׁ, אָ֫תָּה ח׳ Dn 9:23 thou art a precious treasure (on construction v. Dr:§ 189, 2; v. Bev and cf. neg. חמד Is 53:2).
† חֶמְדָּן n.pr.m. an Edomite Gn 36:26 LXX Αμαδα = חַמְרָן 1 Ch 1:41 (LXX Εμερων, LXXL Αμαδαμ).
† מַחְמַד n.m. desire, desirable thing—abs. מַחְמַד Ho 9:6; cstr. id. 1 K 20:6 + 3 t. Ez; pl. מַחֲמַדַּים Ct 5:16; cstr. מַחֲמַדֵּי La 2:4, Ho 9:16; sf. מַחֲמַדַּי Jo 4:5; מַחֲמַדֵּינוּ Is 64:10; מַחֲמַדֶּיהָ 2 Ch 36:19, La 1:10; מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶם La 1:11Qr (v.also מַחְמֹד);—desirable, precious things כלי־מ׳ 2 Ch 36:19; sg. coll. Ho 9:6; pl. Jo 4:5, Is 64:10, La 1:10, 1:11 (Qr), בִּטְנָם מ׳ Ho 9:16; v. esp. pl. intens. כֻּלּוֹ מַחֲמַדִּים Ct 5:16 all of him is delightfulness (‖מַמְחַַקִּים); elsewh. מַחְמַד עינים desire of the eyes, i.e. that in which the eyes take delight 1 K 20:6, Ez 24:16 (of proph.'s wife), v:21, v:25; pl. La 2:4.
† [מַחְמֹד] n.[m.] desirable, precious thing;—מַחֲמֻרֶיהָ La 1:7, מַחֲמוֹדֵיהֶם La 1:11 Kt (Qr מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶם). Perh. מַחֲמַדּ׳ to be read in both; cf. Sta:§ 273 a.
I. חמה (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. حَمَي protect, guard, RS:K 136 Lag:BN 156; Dl:Pr 91; BAS ii. 43 comp. an As. ê mû, surround, guard, cf. Mod. Syr. ܚܡܐ id.; Eth. h.amawa: III. 1 means contract affinity, be joined by affinity, prob. denom.)
† II. [חָם] n.m. husband's father (NH id., of husband's or wife's father, so Aram. חֲמָא; Ar.حَمُ husband's male relation (father, brother, paternal uncle), but also wife's father, etc.; Eth. h.am: As. êmû, Zim:BP 48);—only sf. חָמִ֫יךָ Gn 38:13, 38:25, of Judah as Tamar's father-in-law; חָמִיהָ 1 S 4:19, 4:21 of Eli, father-in-law of Phinehas' wife.
† [חָמוֹת] n.f. husband's mother (NH חָמוֹת, Aram. חֲמָתָא; Ar. حَمَأُ husband's mother; As. êmêtu, Zim:BP 48; Eth. h.am4t:)—only sf. חֲמוֹתֵךְ Ru 2:11, 3:17; חֲמוֹתָהּ Ru 1:14 + 7 t.; חֲמֹתָהּ Mi 7:6; —of Naomi Ru 1:14, 2:11, 2:18, 2:19, 2:19, 2:23, 3:1, 3:6, 3:16, 3:17; בַּת קָמָ֫ה בְאִמָּ֔הּ כַּלָּה בַּחֲמֹתָהּ Mi 7:6.
חוֹמָה:133 n.f. wall (as protection; cstr. חמת MI:21, MI:21)—abs. ח׳ Lv 25:29 + 59 t. (incl. לְהַחוֹמָה Ne 12:38); חֹמָה Ex 14:29 + 8 t.; cstr. חוֹמַת Jos 6:5 + 28 t.; sf. חוֹמָתָהּ Na 2:6, 3:8; pl, abs. חוֹמוֹת 2 Ch 8:5, Is 26:1; חֹמוֹת Ct 5:7; cstr. חוֹמוֹת Ps 51:20; חוֹמֹת 2 K 25:10 + 9 t.; sf. חוֹמֹתַי Is 56:5; חֹמֹתֶיךָ Dt 28:52, Is 25:12; חוֹמוֹתַיִךְ Ez 26:10, 26:12, 27:11, 27:11; חוֹמֹתַיִךְ Is 49:16 + 2 t.; חֹמֹחַיִךְ Is 60:10; חֹמוֹתָָיִךְ Ez 26:9; חוֹמוֹתֶיהָ Je 50:15; חוֹמֹתֶיהָ Ps 55:11, Je 1:15; du. חוֹמֹתַיִם Is 22:11; חֹמֹתַיִם 2 K 25:4 = Je 52:7; חֹמֹתָָיִם Je 39:4 (on form v. O1:§ 113 a);—
1. usu. term for wall of city Dt 28:52, Jos 2:15, 6:5, 6:20 (all JE), 1 S 31:10, 31:12, 2 S 11:20, 11:21, 11:21, 2 K 18:26, 18:27 = Is 36:11, 36:12, Am 1:7, 1:10, 1:14, Is 2:15, 20:10, 20:11, 25:12, Na 2:6, 3:8, Ez 26:9 +, Je 1:15 +, Jo 2:7, 2:9; בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם (of Jerus.) i.e. between the two walls of the Ophel and the SW. hill respectively, of a reservoir Is 22:11, a gate 2 K 25:4 = Je 34:4 = 52:7; symbol of Isr., Am 7:7; 2 Ch 8:5, 14:6, 25:23, 26:6, 26:6, 26:6, Ps 51:20, Ne 1:3 + 31 t. in Ne; חוֹמַת אֲנָךְ Am 7:7 (lit. wall of a plummet) is of doubtful mng.: a wall built plumb, or by means of a plumb-line ? We thinks unintelligible; עִיר חוֹמָה = walled city, Lv 25:29, עִיר אשׁר לאֹ ח׳ v:30 (לאֹ = לוֹ), opp. הַחֲחֵרִים אשׁר אין להם ח׳ v:31 (all H); more elaborately גְבֹהָה דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִָיחַ עָרִים בְּחֻרֹת ח׳ Dt 3:5, cf.2 Ch 8:5; גְּדֹלוֹת חוֹמָה וּבְרִיחַ נְחשֶׁת ע׳ 1 K 4:13; בְחוּרָה ח׳ Is 2:15; ח׳ sg. of wall of Jerus. 1 K 3:l + oft.; contempt. חוֹמַת אַבְנֵיהֶם Ne 3:35; less oft. pl. Ne 2:13 + ; of specific portions of wall הָעֹפֶל ח׳ 2 Ch 27:3, Ne 3:27; בְּרֵבַת הַשֶּׁלַח ח׳ Ne 3:15; הַח׳ הָֽרְחָבָה 3:8, 12:38; also (generally) of Babylon Je 51:58.—Men build, בנה, the ח׳ 1 K 9:15 +, esp. (of rebuilding), Ne 2:17 +; fortify it בִּצֵּר Is 22:10; it is joined together קשׁר Ne 3:38; is repaired עָֽלְתָה אֲרוּכָה לְח׳ Ne 4:l; it falls נפל Jos 6:5, 6:20, 1 K 20:30, Ez 38:20; the enemy makes it fall הִפִּיל 2 S 20:15 (preceded by מַשְׁחִית si vera l., v. Dr); destroys it הִשְׁחִית La 2:8; שִׁהֵת Ez 26:4; makes a breach in it פָּרַץ בּ׳ 2 K 14:13 = 2 Ch 25:23, cf. פרץ c. acc. 2 Ch 26:6, Ne 3:35, and וֶיִּבֶן אֶת־כל־הח׳ הַפְּרוּחָה 2 Ch 32:5; also (in sim.) עִיר פְּרוּחָה ואין ח׳ Pr 25:28; and Pu. pt. מְפֹרָָחֶת Ne 1:3; one breakes it down נָתַץ 2 K 25:10, 2 Ch 36:19, Je 39:8, 52:14; tears it down הָרַס Ez 26:12, cf. pass. Je 50:15; Amos predicts that י׳ will send fire into wall (of Gaza, etc.): וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ Am 1:7, 1:10; or kindle fire in וְהִצַּתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ v:14, so Je 49:27.
2. wall of a building: a. citadel, fortress; ארמנותיה ח׳ La 2:7. b. surrounding new temple Ez 40:5, 42:20.
3. fig. of waters of Red Sea Ex 14:22, 14:29 (P), cf. Na 3:8; of David's men as protectors of Nabal's shepherds 1 S 25:16; of prophet as object of assault חוֹמַת נְחשֶׁת Je 1:18; נחשׁת בְּחוּרָה ח׳ Je 15:20; of strong, virtuous woman Ct 8:9, 8:10; of salvation, יְשׁוּעָה, as defence Is 26:l (‖חֵל); of י׳ himself ח׳ אֵשׁ Zc 2:9; a dangerous polit. scheme is called breach in נִשְׁגָּבָה ח׳ Is 30:13; נִשְׂגָּבָה ח׳ in sim. of wealth Pr 18:11 (‖קִרְיַת עֻוּוֹ); a reckless man is עִיר פְּרוּחָה אֵין ח׳ Pr 25:28.
† יַחְמַי n.pr.m. (perh.= יַחְמְיָה may י׳ protect ! cf. Sab. יחמאל Hal:187)—a man of Issachar 1 Ch 7:2, LXX Ειικαν, A Ιεμου, LXXL Ιαμιν.
† חֲמוּטַל Qr, חמיטל Kt, n.pr.f. (meaning dub.; perh., if Kt right, my husband's father is the dew, cf. אֲבִיטַל)—LXX Αμειται, Μιτατ; A Αμιταλ, Αμιταθ, LXXL Αμιταλ;—mother of the kings Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, sons of Josiah 2 K 23:31, 24:18 Qr (Kt חמיטל) = Je 52:l Qr (Kt id.)
חֵמָה wrath, v. sub יחם; חֵמָה Jb 29:6, v. חֶמְאָה; חַמָּה, חַמָּן, חַמּוֹן, חַמַּת v. sub חמם. below
חַמּוּאֵל n.pr.m. v. sub חמם. p. 329
חָמוֹת v. sub חמה supr. p. 327
חמט (√ of foll.; cf. As. ḫamâ ṭu, hasten, Prä:ZMG 1874, 88 ff., ḫamṭu, swift, Zim:BP 84 n.; Aram. חֲמַט, חֲמֵיט is sink or fall to the ground, kneel).
† חֹ֫מֶט n.[m.] a kind of lizard, only in list of unclean creeping animals Lv 11:30 וְהָאֲנָקָה :וְהַכֹּחַ וְהַלְּטָאָָה וְהַחֹמֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת (Aram. ܚܽܘܠܡܳܛܳܐ is chameleon).
† חֻמְטָה n.pr.loc. city in Judah Jos 15:54, LXX Εὐμα, LXXL Αμματα; site unknown.
חֲמִיטַל v. חמוטל supr. p. 327
† חָמַל vb. spare (Ar. حَمَلَ; is bear, become responsible; Aram. ܚܡܰܠ comportavit, congessit);—Qal Pf. ח׳ 1 S 15:15 + 3 t.; חָמָָל 2 S 12:6, La 2:17; חָמָָלְתָּ La 2:21, 3:43; וְחָמַלְתִּ֫י Mal 3:17; Impf. יַחְמֹל Jb 16:13 + 6 t.; יַחְמוֹל Jb 6:10 + 3 t.; וַיַּחְמֹל 1 S 15:9 + 3 t.; 3 fs. וַתַּחְמֹל Ex 2:6; 2 ms. תַּחְמֹל Dt 13:9, 1 S 15:3; אֶחְמֹל Ez 8:18, 9:10; אֶחְמוֹל Je 13:14 + 4 t.; וָאֶחְמֹל Ez 36:21; יַחְמָֹלוּ Is 9:18; תַּחְמְלוּ Je 50:14, 51:3; תַּחְמָֹלוּ Ez 9:5; Inf. cstr. חֻמְלָה Ez 16:5 (Ges:§ 45, 1. b);—spare, have compassion, c. על Ex 2:6 (E), 1 S 15:3, 15:9, 15:15, 23:21, 2 S 21:7, 2 Ch 36:15, 36:17, Je 15:5, Ez 16:5, 36:21, Jb 20:13, Zc 11:5, 11:6, Mal 3:17, 3:17, Jo 2:18; Dt 13:9 (‖חוס sq. על), Je 21:7 (‖חוס sq. על + רחם), Ez 9:10 (‖חוס sq. עלacc. to SyrVer Targum Co); sq. אֶל־ Je 51:3, Is 9:18; note poet. אֶל־חֵץ אַל־תַּחְ׳ = spare no arrow Je 50:14; sq. Inf. 2 S 12:4; abs. 2 S 12:6, Is 30:14, La 2:17, 2:21, also v:2 where appar. sq. acc., 3:43, Jb 6:10, 16:13, 27:22, Pr 6:34, Hb 1:17; ‖חוס Ez 5:11, 7:4 (del. Co as doubl. of v:9), 7:9, 8:18, 9:5; Jer 13:14 (‖אחום and ארחם).
† חָמוּל n.pr.m. (spared);—grandson of Judah Gn 46:12 = 1 Ch 2:5, Nu 26:1; LXX Ιεμουηλ, [Ι]αμουηλ.
† חָמוּלִי adj.gent. of foreg.; only c. art. הֶחָ׳, as subst. coll. Nu 26:21.
† [חֶמְלָה] n.f. compassion, mercy, of י׳ (strictly Inf. form from חמל, v. Ges:§ 45, 1 b)—cstr. עָלָיו בְּחֶמְלַת י׳ Gn 19:16 (J), בְּאַהֲבָתוֹ וּבְחֶמְלָתוֹ גְאָלָם Is 63:9.
חֻמְלָה v. חמל Inf. above
† [מַחְמָל] n.[m.] thing pitied, object of compassion, only cstr. מַחְמַד עיניכם וּמַחְמַל נַפְשְׁכֶם Ez 24:21 object of your eyes' desire, and of your soul's compassion.
† [חָמַם] vb. be or become warm (NH id., Pi., make warm, Aram. ܚܰܡ, חֲמַם be warm; Ar. حَمَّ become hot, of water; also heat, kindle fire in)—Qal Pf. חַם Ps 39:4, Ex 16:21; וְחַם consec. 1 K 1:2, Ec 4:11; חַמּוֹתִ֫י Is 44:16; Impf. יָחֹם Is 44:16; וַיָּ֫חָם 2 K 4:34, Is 44:15; also יִחַם 1 K 1:1; יֵחַם Dt 19:6; יֵחָָם Ec 4:11; 3 fs. תֵּחַם Ez 24:11; יֵחַמּוּ Ho 7:7; וַיֶּחֱמוּ Gn 30:39; וַיֵּחַמְנָה v:38 (last seven forms could be also from יחם q.v.; but no decisive evidence that this √ is used in Qal; they are placed under חמם by Thes Ew:§ 193 a Ol:§ 243 b; v. also Kö:i. 365, 417 ff., who on account of יחם Pi. Inf. Gn 30:41, 31:10, der. last two, needlessly, fr. יחם); Inf. לַחְמָם Is 47:14, cf. Jb 30:4 (where, however, ל׳ is fr. לֶחֶם Mich Di unless (Luzz Che) we read לְחַמֵּם Pi. Inf. in both); חֹם 1 S 11:9, Hg 1:6, Ne 7:3; sf. חֻמּוֹ Jb 6:17; חֻמָּם Je 51:39; —
1. lit., be or grow warm Ex 16:21 (P; subj. שֶׁמֶשׁ), cf. 1 S 11:9, Ne 7:3 and Jb 6:l7 (sf. of impers. subj.); from fire Is 44:15, 44:16, 44:16, 47:14 (cf. supr.); natural heat 1 K 1:1, 1:2 (by personal contact), so 2 K 4:34, Ec 4:11, 4:11, fr. clothing Hg 1:6; of Jerusalem under fig. of pot or caldron Ez 24:11.
2. fig., subj. לִבִּי Ps 39:4 (‖בַהֲגִיגִי תִבְעַר־אֵשׁ), cf. Dt 19:6; of conspirators Ho 7:7; Chaldeans Je 51:39.
3. of heat in conception (animals) Gn 30:38, 30:39 (cf. יחם). Niph. Pt. נֵחָמִים באלים Is 57:5 (Kö:i. 371), inflame oneself with, of idolatry. Pi. Impf. 3 fs. תְּחַמֵּם Jb 39:14 keep eggs warm (of ostrich). Hithp. Impf. יִתְחַמָּם warm oneself Jb 31:20 מִגֵּז כְּבָשִׂים by means of fleece of sheep.
† חֹם n.m. Je 17:8 heat;—חֹם abs. Gn 8:22 + 3 t. + 1 S 21:7 (v. infr.); cstr. Gn 18:1+ 3 t.; of heat of (mid-) day חֹם היום Gn 18:1 (J), 1 S 11:11, 2 S 4:5; in promise of regular seasons Gn 8:22 (opp. קֹר); cf. Is 18:4, 18:4 (קָחִיר ח׳); but as dangerous to plant-life Je 17:8; it melts snow Jb 24:l9; לֶחֶם חֹם 1 S 21:7 bread of heat = hot bread, rd. perhaps חָם ל׳ (as Jos 9:12).
† III. חָם adj. hot;—לחם ח׳ Jos 9:12 hot bread (JE), i.e. freshly baked; בגדים חַמִּים Jb 37:17 of garments heated by south wind.—1. חָם v. supr. p. 325. II. חָם v. sub חמה. p. 327
† חַמָּה n.f. heat, sun (poet.)—חַמָּה Is 24:23 + 4 t..; חַמָּתוֹ Ps 19:7; —
1. heat of sun Ps 19:7.
2. = sun Jb 30:28; ‖לְבָנָה moon Is 24:23 = 30:26, 30:26, Ct 6:10.
† [חַמָּן] n.m. sun-pillar, used in idolatrous worship (v. Thes:489 ff. RS:Sem. i, 469, Lag:M i, 228 Now: Arch. ii, 302; = Palm. חמנא Vog:No. 123 a; Ph. לבעל חמן oft. as epithet of solar Baal);—only pl. abs. חַמָּנִים Is 27:9 + 4 t.; sf. חַמָּנֵיכֶם Lv 26:30 + 2 t.; ‖בָּמוֹת Lv 26:30 (H), 2 Ch 14:4, cf. Ez 6:4, 6:6; ‖מזבחות הבעלים 2 Ch 34:4; ‖אשׁרים Is 17:8, 27:9; ‖אשׁרים and פְּסִלִים 2 Ch 34:7.
† חַמּוֹן n.pr.loc. (hot spring ?)—
1. town in Asher Jos 19:28.
2. in Naphtali 1 Ch 6:61 (perh. = 1. חַמַּת, חַמַּת דּאֹר, v. Be and Di Jos 19:35).
† I. חַמַּת n.pr.loc. (hot spring)—town in Naphtali Jos 19:35 (perh. = חַמּוֹן 2 v. Di); LXX Ωμαθαδακεθ (= חַמַּת רַקַּת), A Αμαθ, LXXL Αμμαθ; Jos:Ant. xviii, 2. 3 Αμμαθους (ed. Niese), cf. Id. BJ. iv, 1.3 Guthe:ZPV 1891, xiii, 284; prob. = Talm. Ḥamata Nbr:Gêogr. du Talm. 207 (with hot springs), 35 minutes south of Tiberias, v. Rob:BR ii, 385 Buhl:ZPV xiii, 1890, 39 f. Guthe:l. c. GASm:Geogr, 450 (Furrer:ZPV ii, 1878, 55; xiii, 1890, 194 ff. al. say north of Tiberias); v. חַמֹּת דּאֹר, חַמּוֹן below & above
† II. חַמַּת n.pr.m. father of the house of Rechab 1 Ch 2:55.
† חַמֹּת דּאֹר n.pr.loc. in Naphtali, Levitical city Jos 21:32 (perh. = 1. חַמַּת, חַמּוֹן 2 v. Di), LXX Νεμμαθ, A Εμαθδωρ, LXXL Αμαθδωρ.
† חַמּוּאֵל n.pr.m. (mng.? comp. Sab. [ל]חמא Hal:215)—a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:26 LXXL Αμουηλ.
† [חָמַס] vb. treat violently, wrong (NH id., act violently, treat violently; Aram. חֲמַס (rare) violently seize; Ar. حَمِسَ is be hard, strict, rigorous)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. חָֽמְסוּ Ez 22:26, Zp 3:4; Impf. יַחְמֹס Jb 15:33, וַיַּחְמֹס La 2:6; תַּחְמָֹסוּ Jb 21:27, Je 22:3; Pt. חֹמֵס Pr 8:36; —treat violently, wrong;—
1. of physical wrong: תַּחְ׳ Je 22:3 (‖תֹּנוּ) of wrong to widows and orphans; כַּגַּן שֻׂבּוֹ וַיַּח׳ La 2:6 and hath done violence to his pavilion as to a garden (‖שִׁחֵת מֹעֲדוֹ); so, fig., of vine, wrong, i.e. fail to nourish, kill כַּגֶּפֶן יַח׳ בִּסְרוֹ Jb 15:33.
2. of ethical wrong, obj. תּוֹרָה Zp 3:4, Ex 22:26 (both ‖חִלֵּל קֹדֶשׁ); cf. מְזִמּוֹת עָלֵי תַּחְמָֹסוּ Jb 21:27 the devices (wherewith) ye do me violence.
3. both physical and ethical חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ Pr 8:36. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נֶחְמְסוּ Je 13:22 thy heels suffer violence (‖נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִח).
† חָמָס n.m.:Ps 7:17 violence, wrong—abs. ח׳ Gn 6:11+ 44 t.; cstr. חֲמַס Ju 9:24 + 7 t.; sf. חֲמָסִי Gn 16:5, Je 51:35 (in both = wrong done to me); חֲמָסוֹ Ps 7:17; pl. חֲמָסִים 2 S 22:49 + 3 t.;—violence, specif. of physical violence Ju 9:24, 2 S 22:3 (not ‖ Ps 18:3), Ob:10, Hb 1:9, Je 51:35 (of Chaldeans), Hb 2:8, 2:17, 2:17, Jo 4:19, Ps 72:14; but also wrong, incl. injurious language, harsh treatment, etc. Gn 16:5 (J, of wrong done to Sarah by, Hagar), Jb 19:7; Mal 2:16; in gen. of rude wickedness of men, their noisy, wild, ruthlessness Mi 6:12, Hb 1:2, Zp 1:9, Pr 10:6, 10:11, 13:2, 26:6 + Ez 7:11 (si vera l., v. Co), ‖שֹׁד Am 3:10, Hb 1:3, Je 6:7, 20:8, Ez 45:9, Is 60:18, ‖רִיב Ps 55:10, ‖עָמָל 7:17, ‖גַּאֲיָה 73:6, אֹהֵב ח׳ 11:5 (‖רָשָׁע), denied, of servant of י׳ Is 53:9, בארץ ח׳ Je 51:46, cf. Gn 6:11, 6:13 (P), Ez 8:17, 12:19; מָֽלְאוּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־אֶרֶץ נְאוֹת ח׳ Ps 74:20, הָעִיר מָֽלְאָה ח׳ Ez 7:23, 28:16, שֶׁבֶת ח׳ Am 6:3 is (prob.) enthronement of violence; כְּלֵי ח׳ Gn 49:5 (poem) instrument, weapons, of violence;—other phrases are: בְּיָדַיִם ח׳ Jon 3:8, 1 Ch 12:17, cf. Jb 16:17, יְדֵיכֶם ח׳ Ps 58:3 and בְּכַפֵּיהֶם פֹּעַל ח׳ Is 59:6; עֵד ח׳ i.e. a witness that promotes violence and wrong Ex 23:l (JE), Dt 19:16, עֵדֵי ח׳ Ps 35:11; עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר וִיפֵהַ חָמָס Ps 27:12; שׂנאת ח׳ Ps 25:19 = hatred characterized by violence; אִישׁ חָמָס = violent man Ps 18:49 (2 S 22:49 has the later חמסים א׳, cf. infr.) 140:12, Pr 3:31, 16:29; אישׁ חמסים (later) Ps 140:2, 140:5, 2 S 22:49; יֵין חֲמָסִים Pr 4:17 i.e. wine gained by violence (‖לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע).
† תַּחְמָס n.[m.] name of male ostrich, acc. to Bo:ii.830 Thes (Thes der. fr. violence of this bird, cf. Ar. ظَلِيمُ violence, also ostrich; other conject. are: owl LXX Vulgate; swallow, Saad: v. also Kn in Di)—mentioned as unclean Lv 11:16 (P) Dt 14:15.
† I. חָמֵץ vb. be sour, leavened (NH id., Pi. Hiph. make sour, leaven; Ar. حَمُضَ be sour; Aram. חֲמַע be sour, leavened, ܚܡܰܥ be leavened)—Qal Pf. חָמֵץ Ex 12:39; Impf. יֶחְמָָץ Ex 12:34; Inf. sf. חֻמְחָתוֹ Ho 7:4 +;—be leavened, of dough (בָּחֵק), Ex 12:34, 12:39 (E), cf. Ho 7:4. Hitph. be soured, embittered, Ps 73:21 (‖כִּלְיוֹתַי אֶשְׁתּוֹנָן).
† חָמֵץ n.m.:Ex 13:3 that which is leavened—ח׳ Ex 12:15 + 10 t.—forbidden at Passover Ex 12:15 (P), 13:3, 13:7 (JE), Dt 16:3, in all sacrifices Ex 23:18, 34:25 (both JE); cf. Am 4:5; Lv 2:11, 6:10 (P; appos.); exceptions are לֶחֶם ח׳ of peace-offering Lv 7:13 (P), and the wave-loaves (ח׳ appos.) Lv 23:17 (H).—v. RS:Sem 208 OTJC 2, 345.
† חֹ֫מֶץ n.m. vinegar—ח׳ abs. Pr 10:26 + 3 t.; cstr. Nu 6:3, 6:3; —a common condiment Ru 2:14, forbidden to Nazirite (יין ח׳ and שֵׁכָר ח׳) Nu 6:3, 6:3 (P), offered (in cruelty) to a thirsty man Ps 69:22 (fig. for harshness lack of sympathy); in sim. of sluggard כַּחֹמֶץ לַשִּׁנַּיִם Pr 10:26, עַל־נָָ֑תֶר ח׳ Pr 25:20 vinegar on nitre (sim. of merry songs for the heavy-hearted).
† חָמִיץ adj. seasoned (viz. with salt, or a salt herb—Ar. حَمْضُ, Pun.̓Αμουτ [ = חמוץ] Dlau:ZMG 1873, 522; v.Thes—rendering it more tasty), of provender for cattle בְּלִיל חָמִיץ יאֹכֵָלוּ Is 30:24.
חֻמְחָה v. I. חמץ Inf. p. 329
† מַחְמֶ֫חֶת n.f. anything leavened, only Ex 12:19, 12:20 (P).
† II. [חמץ] vb. be red (? cf. Aram. ܚܡܰܨ Ethpa. blush, be ashamed, poss. orig. be red);—Qal Pt. pass. cstr. חֲמוּץ בְּגָדִים red of garments Is 63:1; poss. also Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱמַץ Ps 68:24 that thy foot may be red with blood (for MT תרחץ; so Krochm Hi Gr; most, however, rd. תרחץ v. רחץ).
† III. [חמץ] vb. be ruthless (dub. √; perh. by-form of חמס; perh. err. for it; identif. by most with I. חמץ, be sour, hence sharp, violent, but connexion improb.)—only Qal Pt. act. מִכַּף מְעַוֵּל וְחוֹמֵץ Ps 71:4 from the hand of the unjust and ruthless (‖מִיַּד רָשָׁע).
† חָמוֹץ n.[m.] coll. the ruthless—only אַשְּׁרוּ ח׳ Is 1:17 set right the ruthless, so Hi EW Kn De Che Di; Vrss give passive (perh. חָמוּץ) hence AV relieve the oppressed; but on form חָמוֹץ = doer of action v. Ew:§ 152 b.
† חָמַק vb. turn away (intr.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. עָבָָר וְדוֹדִי ח׳ Ct 5:6 and my beloved had turned away, passed on. Hithp. Impf. 2 fs. עַד־מָתַי תִּתְחַמָּקִין הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה Je 31:22 turn hither and thither, v. Gf VB.
† [חַמּוּק] n.m. curving, curve, חַמּוּקֵי יְרֵכַיִח Ct 7:2 the curvings (curved lines, curves) of thy thighs.
† I. חָמַר vb. ferment, boil or foam up (Ar. خَمَرَ ferment, leaven, خُمْرَةُ, خَمِيرَةُ n. leaven; v. Lag:BN 207);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְיַיִן ח׳ Ps 75:9 and wine which foams, (others fr. IV. חמר be red); 3 pl. חָֽמְרוּ is suggested by We as poss. Hb 3:15 (for MT חֹמֶר q.v.) the great waters foamed; Impf. 3 mpl. יֶחֱמוּ יֶחְמְרוּ מֵימָיו Ps 46:4 let its water roar and foam. Peï‘ alï‘ al Pf. pass. 3 pl. מֵעַי חֳמַרְמָָרוּ La 1:20 my bowels are in a ferment (‖נֶהְפַּךְ לִבִּי), of distressat calamities of Jerus.; so חֳמַרְמְרוּ מֵעַי La 2:11.—Jb 16:16 v. IV. חמר.
† חֶ֫מֶר n.[m.] wine (poet.) (Aram. ܚܰܡܪܳܐ חַמְרָא; Ar. خَمْرُ, v. Lag:BN 207)—וְדַם־עֵנָבתִּשְׁתֶּה־חָָמֶר Dt 32:14; כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר Is 27:2, but rd. here כֶּרֶם חֶמֶד (v. חֶמֶד).
† חֵמָר n.[m.] bitumen, asphalt (fr. I. חמר acc. to OBlau:ZMG 1869, 279, bitumen as seething, swelling up; Thes MV, fr. IV. חמר, with ref. to reddish-brown colour)—חֵמָר Gn 11:3 + 2 t.; used for cement in building Babel Gn 11:3 (J); abounding in vale of Siddim בֶּאֱרֹת בֶּאֱרֹת ח׳ Gn 14:10; used in coating Moses&atO;’ ‘ark’ of bulrushes Ex 2:3 (E; ‖זָ֑פֶת).
† I. חֹ֫מֶר n.m. cement, mortar, clay;—ח׳ abs. Gn 11:3 + 13 t.; cstr. Is 10:6 + 2 t.;—
1. mortar, cement for holding building-stones (brick) together Gn 11:3 (J), Ex 1:14 (P; both ‖לְבֵנִים); Na 3:14 (‖טיט).
2. clay: a. as material of vessels Je 18:4, 18:6, היחר ח׳ Is 29:16, in sim. of God's fashioning man Is 45:9, 64:7, Jb 10:9; as material of human bodies בָּתֵּי ח׳ Jb 4:19 cf. 33:6; as material of bulwarks (disparagingly) Jb 13:12; חותם ח׳ = seal-clay i.e. clay upon which seal is pressed. b. = mire חוחות ח׳ Is 10:6; הֹרָנִי לַח׳ Jb 30:19 he hath cast me into the mire, i.e. deeply humiliated me (עָפָר and אֵפֶר in ‖ cl.); as sim. of commonness, abundance Jb 27:16 (‖עָפָר).
† II. [חָמַר] vb. denom. cover or smear with asphalt, only Qal Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתַּחְמְרָה Ex 2:3 (E); on form of sf. v. Ges:§ 58, 3, R, 1.
III. חמר (√ of foll.; NH חָמַר, heap up; Aram. חַמֵּר make a ruin-heap; Ar. حِمَرَةُ great mass of stone, heap of stones).
II. חֹ֫מֶר n.[m.] heap (cf. 1. חֲמוֹר)—ח׳ cstr. מַיִם רַבִּים ח׳ Hb 3:15 a heap of great waters (‖יָם)—but txt. dub., v. I. חמר; pl. הֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים Ex 8:10 (J), of dead frogs gathered in heaps.
† III. חֹ֫מֶר n.m. homer, a dry measure (perh. fr. above √, but dub.; cf. As. amâru, surround, contain, II. R 36:19 a. b Strm:4760, Imêru, a measure Zim:BP 6 n)—ח׳ abs. Is 5:10 + 5 t. Ez; cstr. Ho 3:2 + 3 t.; pl. חֳמָרִים Nu 11:32; —ח׳ of barley Ho 3:2, Ez 45:13, cf. שְׂעֹרִים זֶרַע ח׳ Lv 27:16 i.e. land on which a ח׳ of barley seed was sown (taxed at 50 shekels); ח׳ of wheat Ez 45:13; in gen. זֶרַע ח׳ Is 5:10; = 10 ephahs (or baths, v. בַּת sub בתת) Ez 45:11, 45:11, 45:11, 45:14, 45:14 (in v:14 del. Co); on actual size of ח׳, = 393.9 litres, v. Hultzsch:Metrol. 2nd ed. 448, 452f. See further II. בַּת and reff., Benz:Arch 183 f Now:arch. i, 203 f.
† I. חֲמוֹר n.[m.] heap, abs. ח׳ with du. חֲמֹרָתָָיִם (Baer חְִמֹרֹת׳), as if fr. חֲמֹרָה;—בִּלְחִי הַחֲמוֹר חֲמוֹר חֲמֹרָתָָיִם Ju 15:16 with the ass's jawbone, a heap, two heaps, i.e. so many slain.
חֲמֹרֹתָָיִם v. I. חֲמוֹר. above
† IV. [חמר] vb. be red (Ar. حَمَرَ II. dye red, حُمْرَةُ redness, reddish brown (appar. skin-colour) so Thes MV Ba:NB 192 al.)—only Peï‘alï‘al Pf. pass. פָּנַי חֳמַרְמְרֻ֯ה Jb 16:16 my face is reddened from weeping.—La 1:20, 2:11 v. I. חמר.
† II. חֲמוֹר n.m.:Gn 45:23 (he)-ass (NH id. (sts. female, but this regularly חֲמוֹרָה); Aram. הֲמָרָא ܚܡܳܪܳܐ Ar. حِمَرَةُ, Palm. חמרא Reckendorf:ZMG 1888, 404; as imêru, Schr:Cot Gloss;—name fr. reddish colour)—abs. חֲמוֹר Gn 22:5 + 43 t.; חֲמֹר Ex 13:13, Dt 22:10; cstr. חֲמוֹר Ex 23:5 + 4 t.; הֲמֹר Gn 49:14; sf. חֲמֹרְךָ Dt 5:14, 28:31; חֲמֹרֶָךָ Ex 23:12; חֲמֹרוֹ Gn 22:3 + 8 t.; pl. חֲמוֹרִים Ju 19:10 + 9 t.; חֲמֹרִיס Gn 12:16 + 16 t.; sf. חֲמוֹרֵינוּ Ju 19:19; חֲמֹרֵינוּ Gn 43:18; חֲמוֹרֵיכֶם 1 S 8:16; חֲמֹרֵיהֶם Gn 34:28 + 4 t.; חֲמוֹרֵיהֶם Jos 9:4; —ass (he-ass; אתון = she-ass) found in all periods (coll. only Gn 32:6, Is 21:7);—
1. as (valuable) property, with oxen, sheep, camels, slaves, etc. Gn 12:16, 24:35, 30:48, 47:17, Ex 9:3 (all J) Ex 20:17 (E), 21:33, 22:8, 22:8, 22:9, 23:4, 23:5, 23:12, Nu 16:15, Jos 6:21, 7:24 (all JE); note also Ex 13:13 = 34:20 (JE; firstlings belong to י׳); Gn 36:24, Nu 31:28, 31:30, 31:34, 31:39, 31:45 (all P); Dt 5:14, 5:18, 22:3, 22:4, Ju 6:4, 1 S 8:16, 12:3, 15:3, 22:19, 27:9, 1 Ch 5:21, Ezr 2:67 = Ne 7:68 (Baer), Zc 14:15; coll. Gn 32:5 (J; ‖שׁוֹר), חאֹן, עֶבֶד, שִׁפְחָה, but pl. (similar ‖) Gn 34:28 (P), 47:17 (J); cf. also יְתוֹמִים ח׳ Jb 24:3 the orphans' ass (‖שׁוֹר אַלְמָנָה); as knowing its master's crib Is 1:3 (‖שׁוֹר); found in camp 2 K 7:7, 7:10 (both ‖סוּסִים); as harnessed מֶתֶג לַה׳ Pr 26:3 (‖סוּס).
2. used for riding : a. by women Ex 4:20 (J), Jos 15:18 (JE) = Ju 1:14, 1 S 25:20, 25:23, 25:42, cf. 2 Ch 28:15. b. by men 2 S 16:2, 17:23, 19:27, 1 K 2:40, 13:13, 13:13, 13:23, 13:24, 13:27, 13:28, 13:28, Is 21:7, Zc 9:9. c. חֶמֶד חמורים a pair of asses 2 S 16:1 (for burdens and for riding); for man and woman Ju 19:3, 19:10, 19:19, 19:21; carrying dead body v:28, cf. ח׳ 1 K 13:29.
3. beast of burden Gn 22:3, 22:5 (cf. v:6), 42:26, 42:27, 45:23 (all E) 43:18, 43:24, 44:3, 44:13 (all J), Jos 9:4 (JE), 1 S 25:18, 1 Ch 12:41, Ne 13:15 (cf. also חֶמֶד ח׳ 2 S 16:1 supr.); metaph. of Issachar נָּ֑רֶם ח׳ Gn 49:14 (poem), an ass of (strong) bones.—לֶחֶם ח׳ 1 S 16:20 rd. prob. חֲמִשָּׁה five, or better עֲשָׂרָה ten, v. We Dr.
4. used in tillage Is 32:20; not to be used in ploughing with an ox (שׁוֹר) Dt 22:10.
5. parts of body of ass mentioned are: לְחִי ח׳ Ju 15:15, 15:16 jawbone, Samson's weapon; ראֹשׁ ח׳ 2 K 6:25 eaten in famine; בְּשַׂר ה׳ Ez 23:20 genital organ of ass (contempt. sim.)
6. קְבוּרַת ה׳ Je 22:19 burial of an ass, in fig. of ignominious treatment of a corpse.
† III. חֲמוֹר n.pr.m. father of Shechem (he-ass; v. RS:K 220; Sem i. 449)—Gn 33:19, 34:2, 34:4, 34:6, 34:8, 34:13, 34:18, 34:18, 34:20, 34:24, 34:26, Jos 24:32, Ju 9:28.
† חַמְרָן n.pr.m. 1 Ch 1:41 ( = חֶמְדָּן Gn 36:26 q.v.)
† יַחְמוּר n.[m.] roebuck (Sam. יחמור, Syr. ܚܰܡܽܘܪܳܐ Targum יַחְמוּרָא v. Hom:NS 392 (and 339), Lag:BN 127; name from reddish colour ?)—edible Dt 14:5, 1 K 5:3; —on identif. with roebuck, v. Tristr:Proc. Zool. Soc. London, May 2, 1876 Conder:Tent Work, 1887, p.91.
1. חמשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).
חָמֵשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה:342 n.m. and f. five (NH id.; id.; Aram. חֲמֵשׁ, חַמְשָׁא, ܚܰܡܶܫ, ܚܰܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Ph. חמשת; Palm. חמשא, c. n. masc., Reckendorf:ZMG 1888, 408; As ḫamšu, ḫamiltu Dl:§ 75; Eth. xams:, xamst:: Ar. خَمْسُ, خَمْسَةُ Sab. & Liḥyân. חַמס DHM:ZMG xxix, 613; Epigr. Denkm. 71, 73);—m. (c. n.f.) abs. חָמֵשׁ Gn 5:6 + 94 t. + Ez 40:30 (del. LXXB Hi-Sm Co; Co del. also in v:25, v:29, v:33, v:36) + Ez 45:3 Kt (where rd. f. with Qr); cstr. חֲמֵשׁ Gn 5:10 + 67 t. + Ez 48:16 Kt; f. (c. n.m.) abs. חֲמִשָּׁה v. Lag:BN 80 Gn 18:28 + 139 t. (incl. Ez 8:16 del. B Co al.); cstr. חֲמֵשֶׁת Nu 3:47, 3:47 + 26 t.;—on pl. חֲמִשִּׁים fifty, see below;—five, in Hex. chiefly P;—
1. without other numeral: a. חָמֵשׁ before fpl. noun Gn 43:34 + 35 t.; before n. coll. חאֹן ח׳ 1 S 25:18; v. also בָּאַמָּה ח׳ five in cubit (s) = five cubits 1 K 7:23, 1 Ch 11:23, 2 Ch 4:2; after noun (late) 2 K 8:16 (בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ לְיוֹרָם = in the fifth year) + 6 t. Ch; no noun expr. 1 K 7:39, 7:39, 7:49, 7:49, 1 Ch 3:20, 2 Ch 4:7, 4:7. b. חֲמִשָּׁה before mpl. noun Gn 47:2 + 18 t.; after noun Ex 36:38 + 36 t. Nu (all P); no noun expr. Gn 14:9 (only here c. art.) + 20 t. c. חֲמֵשׁ before noun (usu. defined; exc. מֵאוֹת, אֲלָפִים, v. 3, 4) Ex 26:3, 26:9, 36:10, 36:16 + Ez 42:16 אַמּוֹת ח׳ Kt, but Qr מאות ח׳, v. infr. d. חֲמֵשֶׁת חַמְּלָכִים Jos 10:5 + 5 t.; הָאֲנָשִׁים ח׳ Ju 18:7, 18:14, 18:17; שׁקלים ח׳ Nu 18:16; also, distrib., שְׁקָלִים ח׳ ח׳ 3:47; הַסְּרָנִים ח׳ Jos 13:3, Ju 3:3, 1 S 6:18; בני מ׳ ח׳ 2 S 21:8. e. = ordinal, בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ ליורם 2 K 8:16 the fifth (year) of Joram; בַּחֲמִשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ on the fifth (day) of the month Ez 1:1, 1:2, 8:1, 33:21; (so also 15th, 25th, etc.)
2. ח׳ combined with עשׂר, עשׂרה ten = fifteen: a. חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) Gn 5:10, 7:20, Ex 27:14, 27:15, 38:14, 38:15, 2 K 14:17, 14:23, 20:6, 2 Ch 15:10, 25:25, Is 38:5. b. חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר (c. n.m.), (1) after noun Est 9:21; (2) before noun Ex 16:1 ( = ordinal fifteenth, so Lv 23:6 + ) Ho 3:2 +. c. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר before n. 2 S 19:18 +. d. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר, without n. = ordinal fifteenth 1 Ch 24:14 + 4 t. + Ez 45:12 (rd. חֲמִשִּׁים A Hi Co).
3. חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת = 500 Gn 5:30, 5:32 + 49 t. + Ez 42:16 Qr.
4. חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים = 5000 Nu 31:32, Jos 8:12, Ju 20:45, 1 S 17:5, Ez 45:6, 48:15, 1 Ch 29:7, 2 Ch 35:9, Ezr 1:11, 2:69; —in 25,000, 35,000 etc. חֲמִשָּׁה (usu. without א׳) precedes the 20,000, 30,000, etc.
5. with other numerals: a. חָמֵשׁ before larger numeral: (1) noun repeated Gn 5:6 + 4 t.; (2) noun with 2nd num. only, Gn 5:17 + 8 t. + Ez 45:3 Kt; (3) noun c. בְּ with 2nd num. Ez 40:21 + 2 t. b. חָמֵשׁ after larger num.: (1) noun repeated Gn 25:7; (2) noun foll. ח׳ (only) Ju 14:10 + (esp. in expressions of age and duration); (3) noun before both num., st. abs., 2 Ch 3:15; st. cstr. 2 Ch 15:19. c. no noun expr., ח׳ between other num., e.g. ושׁבעים שֵׁשׁ מאות ח׳ Nu 31:37. d. חֲמִשָּׁה before larger num., noun foll. larger num. Nu 1:25 + 22 t. e. ח׳ follows, and (1) is foll. by noun Ju 20:35 + 7 t.; (2) noun precedes both 1 K 7:3, Je 52:30. f. ח׳ precedes, no noun expr. 1 K 5:12. g. ח׳ follows, no noun expr Gn 18:28 +. h. no noun expr. ח׳ between other num. Ex 38:28, Ezr 2:5.
† I. חֹ֫מֶשׁ n.[m.] fifth part—only לְפַרְעֹה לַהֹמֶשׁ Gn 47:26, but connex. with preceding awk-ward; rd. perh. הַחֹמֶשׁ (SyrVer), or לְחַמֵּשׁ LXX, v. Di.
† II. [חמשׁ] vb.denom. only Pi. וְחִמֵּשׁ אֶת־ אֶרֶץ מִחְרַיִם Gn 41:34 (E) and he shall fifth (take the fifth part of) the land of Egypt, i.e. the fifth part of the produce (cf. Ar. خَمَسَ take a fifth part; Eth. xamasa: 1. 2 quinque facere).
חֲמִשִּׁים:164 n.pl. (a) fifty (Ar. خَمْسُونَ Aram. ܚܰܡܫܺܝܢ, Ph. חמשם; MI:28 חמשן; As. ḫamšâti Di in Lotz:TP 80)—חֲמִשִּׁים Gn 6:15 + 154 t. (incl. Ez 40:25, 40:29, 40:33, del. Co) + Ez 45:12 (so rd. A Hi Co for חמּשׁה); sf. חֲמִשֶּׁיךָ 2 K 1:10, 1:12, חֲמִשָּׁיו 2 K 1:9 + 4 t., חֲמִשֵּׁיהֶם 2 K 1:14; —
1. abs. a. a fifty, a company of fifty Ex 18:21, 18:25, Dt 1:15, 1 S 8:12, 2 K 1:9, 1:9 + 13 t. 2 K 1 (in v:14 = fifties), Is 3:3. b. elsewhere, without noun expr., (1) without other numeral Nu 31:30, 31:47, Ez 27:18, 27:18, Hg 2:16; (2) with other num. ח׳ preceding Ex 30:23, 30:23 + 11 t.; + 1 Ch 12:34 Baer, van d. H. v:33 (sq. אלף); (3) ח׳ following Ex 38:26 + 10 t.; (4) ח׳ between other num. Nu 1:23 + 23 t.
2. חֲמִשִּׁים without other num.: a. before noun Gn 6:15 + 58 t. + בָּאַמָּה ח׳ Ex 38:12. b. after noun 2 S 24:24, Ex 26:11 + 4 t. Chr.
3. ח׳ before other num.: a. foll. by noun Gn 7:24 +. b. preceded by noun 1 Ch 5:21.
4. ח׳ after other num., and a. this after noun 1 Ch 8:40, Ezr 8:3, 8:26. b. noun repeated e.g. Gn 9:28, 9:29.
5. ח׳ preceded by cstr. e.g. שָׁנָה בִּשְׁנַת ח׳ 2 K 15:23, 15:27, Lv 15:10, 15:11.
6. ח׳ = ordinal, fiftieth Lv 25:10, 25:11, 2 K 15:23, cf. v:27.
† חֲמִישִׁי m., חֲמִישִׁית f. adj. num. ordin. fifth;—m. חֲמִישִׁי Gn 1:23 + 22 t.; חֲמִשִׁי Zc 7:3 + 3 t.; f. חֲמִישִׁית abs. 1 K 14:25 + 4 t.; חֲמִשִׁית Lv 19:25, Je 36:9; חֲמִשּׁית 1 K 6:31; cstr. חֲמִישִׁית Lv 27:15, 27:19; sf. חֲמִישִׁתוֹ Lv 5:16 + 2 t.; חֲמִשִׁיתוֹ Lv 22:14, 27:31; חֲמִשִׁתוֹ Lv 27:27, cf. חֲמִשִׁתָיו Lv 5:24, rd. תוֹ- Sam. Di (q.v.);—fifth, usu. in enum. days, months, years, sons, etc.; definite, exc. masc. Gn 1:23, 30:17, fem. Gn 47:24, 1 K 6:31, Ne 6:5; —
1. m. Gn 1:23, Nu 7:36, 29:26, 33:38, Jos 19:24 (all P), Gn 30:17 (E), Ju 19:8, 2 K 25:8, Je 1:3, 28:1, 52:12, Zc 7:3, 1 Ch 27:8, Ezr 7:8, 7:9; noun om. 2 S 3:4, 1 Ch 2:14, 3:3, 8:2, 26:3, 26:4 (all of בֵּן), 1 Ch 24:9, 25:12 (גּוֹרָל), Zc 8:19 (חֹדֶשׁ), 1 Ch 27:8 (יוֹם).
2. f. Lv 19:25, 1 K 14:25, Je 36:9, Ez 1:2, 2 Ch 12:2; פַּעַם ח׳ Ne 6:5.
3. חֲמִשִּׁית 1 K 6:31 as subst. a fifth part, so חֲמִישִׁית Gn 47:24, Lv 5:6, 5:24, 22:14, 27:13, 27:27, 27:31, Nu 5:7; cstr. חמישׁית כֶּסֶף Lv 27:15, 27:19.
III. חמשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).
† II. חֹ֫מֶשׁ n.m. belly (Aram. ܚܽܘܡܫܳܐ)—הַחֹמֶשׁ 2 S 2:23 + 3 t.; אל־הח׳ וַיַּכֵּהוּ 2 S 2:23 and he smote him in the belly; 2 S 20:10 + 4:6, rd. וַתָּ֫נָם וַתִּישָָׁן and she slumbered and slept LXX We Dr.; yet corruption difficult to explain, v. Klo; וַיַּכֵּהוּ שָׁם הח׳ 2 S 3:27 (where prob. ins. אל־ cf. Dr).
IV. חמשׁ (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; perh. cf. Ar. خَمِيسُ army, Sab. חַמס men of a tribe who can bear arms; √ then poss. = I. חמשׁ (e.g. army as composed of five parts) v. Lane Frey; also Sab. Denkm.:24, which cities tribus (fr. tres), quartier (fr. quartus, quatuor); > Thes MV al. who comp. Ar. حَمَسَ be firm strong, حَمِسَ be courageous, etc.)
† חֲמֻשִׁים adj.pl. in battle array, alw. this form, Ex 13:18 (E), Jos 1:14, 4:12 (both D), Ju 7:11 + Nu 32:17 (JE), v. חושׁ.
חמת (√ of foll.; mng. unknown; Mv al., very improbably, fr. Ar. حَمِتَ grow rancid, putrid; see on formation, Lag:BN 154).
† חֵ֫מֶת, חֶָמֶת n.[m.] waterskin (NH id.)—הַחֶָמֶת Gn 21:15; הַחֵ֫מֶת Gn 21:19; וְחֵמ»ַת מַ֜יִם Gn 21:14 (v. Di), [Hb 2:5 חֲמָתְךָ v. חֵמָה].
† חֲמָת, חֲמַת n.pr.loc. (√ dub.; Thes MV al. der. fr. חָמָה, חֲמָת = fortress, or (v. RS:Sem. i, 140), sacred enclosure, temenos, ḥimā, cf. Hal:JAS 7 ême Sêr. x, 392, Lag:BN 82, 156; but no certainty that name is Shemitic; Ar. حَمَاة, As. Amattu, Dl:PA 275 ff. Pr 174);—mod. Ḥamâ, on el-ï‘Aï‘ṣi (Orontes), 38 h. (c. 115 m.) N. of Damascus, v. Bd:Pal 398 f. It had a king, תֹּעִי, in David's time 2 S 8:9 = 1 Ch 18:9, and in 8th cent. B.C. 2 K 19:13 = Is 37:13; gods of its own 2 K 17:30, 18:34 = Is 36:19; gave its name to land (limits unknown) רִבְלָה בְּאֶרֶץ ח׳ 2 K 23:33, 25:21, Je 39:5, 52:9, 52:27, cf. 2 Ch 8:4; contained Isr. exiles Is 11:11; furnished colonists for Samaria 2 K 17:24 (cf. v:30 supr.) after being conquered by Sargon, (COT 2 K 17:24, 18:34 cf. Is 10:9). It is called great Hamath by Am 6:2 (חֲמַת רַבָּה, —חֲמַת only here). ח׳ is mentioned with דַּמֶּשֶׂק, חֹר, חִידוֹן in prophecy against land Hadrach (חַדְרָךְ) Zc 9:2, cf. Je 49:23. Often in phr. לְבאֹ ח׳ (עַד־) = the entrance to H., i.e. the approach to H., as territorial limit Ju 3:3; usu. as denoting (ideal) northern limit of Isr. territory Jos 13:5, Nu 13:21, 34:8, Am 6:14, 1 K 8:65 = 2 Ch 7:8, 2 K 14:25, 1 Ch 13:5; חֲמָָתָה 1 Ch 18:3; חובָה ח׳ 2 Ch 8:3, and הֵשִׁיב לִיחוּדָה אֶת־דַּמֶּשֶׂק וְאֶת־ח׳ 2 K 14:28; so also Ez 47, 48: גְּבוּל ח׳ Ez 47:17, cf. v:16 b + v:16 a (del. Co); לְבוֹא ח׳ 48:1, cf. 47:20; אֶל־יַד ח׳ 48:1.
† חֲמָתִי adj. gent. c. art. = subst. הַהֲמָתִָי, as descendants of Canaan Gn 10:18 = 1 Ch 1:16.
חַמַּת n.pr.loc. v. sub חמס. p. 329
חֵן, תֵנָדָד, חַנָּה v. sub חנן. p. 336–37
חָנָה:143 vb. decline, bend down, encamp (Aram. ܚܢܳܐ to aim at, incline towards, reach; Zinj. מחנת cstr. camp, Inscr. Panammu:13. 16. 17; Ar. حَنَا bend, curve, bend down; As. mûnu, mênu and tênû, couch, mânîtu, house, Zim:BP 44, 45 Dl in Zim:117)—Qal Pf. חָנָה 1 S 26:5, Is 29:1; וְחָנִ֫יתִי consec. Is 29:3, Zc 9:8; חָנוּ Nu 2:34 + 2 t.; וְחָנוּ consec. Nu 1:52; Impf. וַיִּחַן Gn 26:17 + 9 t.; 3 fs. תַּחֲנֶה Ps 27:3; יַחֲנוּ Nu 1:50 + 13 t. Nu + Ex 14:2: וַיַּחֲנוּ Ex 13:26 + 79 t. (of which 42 in Nu 33); וַיַּחֲנוּן Ju 11:18; 2 mpl. תַּחֲנוּ Ex 14:2; 1 pl. וַנַּחֲנֶה Ezr 8:15; Imv. חֲנֵה 2 S 12:28; חֲנוּ Nu 31:19, Je 50:29; Inf. חֲנוֹת Ju 19:9; חֲנֹת Nu 1:51; sf. חֲנֹתֵנוּ Nu 10:31; חֲנֹחְכֶם Dt 1:33; Pt. חֹנֶה Ex 18:5, Ps 34:8; f. חֹנָה 2 S 23:13, 1 Ch 11:15; חֹנָ֑ךְ Ps 53:6; pl. חֹנִיס Ex 14:9 + 11 t.; חוֹנִים Nu 2:2, Na 3:17; —
1. decline, of day drawing to its close חֲנוֹת הַיּוֹם Ju 19:9 (‖רָפָה הַיּ׳ לַעֲרוֹב; also נְטוֹת הַיּ׳ v:8; הַיּוֹם רַד מְאֹד v:11).
2. encamp (prop. verge toward, incline to, settle at, of goal of day's march):—a. of single nomad Gn 26:17 (J; sq. ב), 33:18 (E; sq. אֶת־פני). b. of Israel at Exod. and in wilderness Ex 13:20 (ב) 14:2 (לִפְנֵי), v:2 (עַל), + c. 80 t. (Hex. chiefly P); also (abs.) Nu 9:18, 9:20, 9:22, 9:23 cf. Ezr 8:15; Ne 11:30 so they encamped (i.e. settled, or were settled) from Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom (‖ישׁבו v:25). c. of armies: (1) Israel (conquering Canaan, etc.) Jos 4:19, 5:10 + oft.; (2) Philistines 1 S 4:1, 13:16, 2 S 23:23 +; usu. sq. ב loc. Nu 10:31, 1 S 4:1, 13:16, Jos 4:19, 1 S 13:5 + 63 t. (וַיַּחֲנוּ בְ 2 S 24:5 rd. וַיָּחֵלּוּ מִן LXXL We Dr v. חלל); so of locusts in hedges (in sim.) Na 3:17; also sq. עַל = by, near Ex 14:2, 14:9, 15:27, Nu 1:52, 2:2, 2:5, 2:12, 2:27, 3:29, 3:35 (על ירך), 33:10, Ju 7:1, 1 S 4:1; על־פני השׂדה (על in diff. sense) 2 S 11:11; sq. עַל also = against, encamp with hostile purpose Jos 10:5, 10:31, 10:34, Ju 6:4, 20:19, 1 S 11:1, 2 S 12:28, 1 K 16:15, 2 K 25:1, 2 Ch 32:1, Je 50:29, 52:4, Ps 27:3; sq. אֶל־ in same sense Jos 11:5; metaph. of God's hostility to apostate Jerusalem (על) Is 29:3; sq. also לְ = at, by Nu 2:34, Zc 9:8; שָׁס אשׁר Ex 18:5, 1 S 26:5; sq. סביב לְ for protection Nu 1:50, 1:53, cf. metaph. Ps 34:8, but also hostility Jb 19:12; also sq. other prep. and prep. phrases, e.g. מֵעֵבֶר Nu 21:13; מחוץ Nu 31:19; בין 1 S 17:1; נגד 1 K 20:27 etc.; sq. acc. loc. 2 S 17:26; sq. sf. acc. with hostile sense חֹנָ֑ךָ Ps 53:6; without prep. or noun foll., in sense of encamp, be or abide in encampment Nu 9:18, 9:20, 9:22, 9:23, Ezr 8:15, 2 S 11:11 +; poet. of David in Jerusalem, Is 29:1 city in which David fixed his camp.
† [חָנוּת] n.f. cell (as having curved or vaulted roof, arched; v. Thes Gf, and cf. Aram. ܚܳܢܽܘܬܳܐ vaulted room)—הַחֲנֻיּוֹת Je 37:16 (‖בֵּית הַבּוֹר).
† חֲנִית n.f. spear (as flexible? v. Thes);—abs. חֲנִית 2 S 13:19 + 26 t.; cstr. id. 1 S 26:16 (so v:22 Qr, where Kt has art.); sf. חֲנִיתָָךָ Hb 3:11; חֲנִיתוֹ 1 S 17:7, 17:7 + 11 t. + 2 S 23:8, v. infr.; pl. חֲנִיתִים 2 Ch 23:9; חֲנִיתוֹתֵיהֶם Is 2:4 = חֲנִיתֹתֵיהֶם Mi 4:3; —
1. spear, as hurled 1 S 18:10, 18:11, 19:9, 19:10, 19:10, 20:33; held by king 22:6; sign of king's presence 26:7, 26:8, 26:11, 26:12, 26:16, 26:22 (v. RS:K 171); also 2 S 1:6, 2:23, 21:19, 23:18, 23:21, 23:21, 23:21, 1 Ch 11:11 = 2 S 23:8, where rd. הוּא עוֹרֵר אֶת־חֲנִיתוֹ (for הוּא עֲדִינוֹ הָעֶחְנִו֯) acc. to Ew Th Ke Klo Dr (not We), 1 Ch 11:20, 11:23, 11:23, 11:23; pl. 2 Ch 23:9; oft. ‖חֶרֶב 1 S 13:19, 13:22, 17:45, 17:47, 21:9, Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3, Na 3:3; ‖שְׁלָטִים 2 K 11:10; ‖חִנָּה 1 Ch 12:35 (Baer); מַסָּע Jb 41:18; סְגֹד Ps 35:3; ‖קֶשֶׁת Ps 46:10.
2. a. shaft of spear is עֵץ ח׳ 2 S 23:7, 1 Ch 20:5 + 1 S 17:7 Qr (doubtless right; Kt חץ). b. spear-head לַהֶבֶת ח׳ 1 S 17:7, cf. לַהַב ח׳ Jb 39:23; בְּרַק ח׳ Na 3:3, Hb 3:11. c. butt of spear אַחֲרֵי ח׳ 2 S 2:23.
3. metaph. of teeth of lions Ps 57:5 (‖חחים; fig. of Psalmist's enemies).
מַחֲנֶה:214 n.m.:Gn 33:8 + 16 t. and f. Ps 27:3; 1 Ch 11:15 (on Gn 32:9 a v. Di) encampment, camp—abs. מ׳ Gn 32:9, 32:9 + 126 t. (incl. Ez 1:24, del. Co); cstr. מַחֲנֵה Gn 32:3 + 56 t.; sf. מַחֲנֵהוּ Nu 1:52 + 5 t.; מַחֲנֶיךָ Dt 23:15, 29:10, מַחֲנֶךָ Dt 23:15, מַחֲנֵיכֶם Am 4:10, מַהֲנֵיהֶם Nu 5:3, Ju 8:10 (cf. infr., and on form of noun c. sf. vid. Ges:§ 93. 3, R 3); pl. abs. מִחֲנות Gn 32:8 + 9 t.; cstr. 1 Ch 9:18 + 2 t., מַחֲנִים Nu 13:19; sf. (appar. pl. n.) מַחֲנֵיהֶם Jos 10:4 + 5 t.;—on du. v. מ׳ n.pr. infr.
1. camp, place of encampment: a. of caravan of travelers Gn 32:22 (J), esp. of Isr. at Exod. and in wildern. Ex 16:13, 16:13, 19:16, 19:17 (all P; disting. fr. עַם); שַׁעַר מ׳ Ex 32:26 (JE); esp. מִחוּץ המ׳ in connexion with uncleanness, etc., Ex 29:14, Lv 4:12 (P) + oft., of position of tent of meeting Ex 33:7, 33:7 (JE), contr. Nu 2:17 (P), where of encampments of several tribes, cf. 1:52, 2:3, 10:2, 10:5, 10:6, 10:25 etc., (all P), already passing over to 3 (cf. הַחֹנִים 10:5, 10:6); specif. of camp of Levites, surrounding tabernacle, so that P can say אֹהֶל־מוֹעֵד מַחֲנֵה הַלְוִיִם Nu 2:17; and so (late) of temple הַשֹּׁעֲרִים לְמַחֲנוֹת בְּנֵי לֵוִי 1 Ch 9:18, as well as שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ 2 Ch 31:2; pl. (opp. מִבְחָרִים = fortresses) Nu 13:19.
2. camp of armed host Jos 6:11, 6:11, 6:14 (JE), 1 S 4:3, 4:5, 4:6, 4:6, 4:7, 17:53, 2 K 7:16 etc.
3. a. those who encamp Nu 10:5, 10:6, 1 Ch 11:15, Ps 27:3 (all c. vb. חנה) cf. (prob.) Is 37:36 = 2 K 19:35, etc. b. company, body of people; people and beasts Gn 32:8, 32:9, 32:9, 32:11, 33:8, funeral company of Jacob Gn 50:9; of Isr. on march Ex 14:19, 14:20 cf. Nu 10:5, 10:6. c. army, host Jos 8:13, 10:5, 11:4, Ju 4:15, 4:16, 4:16, 7:1, 7:8, 8:10, 8:10, 8:11, 8:11, 8:12, 1 S 17:1, 17:46, 2 K 3:9 even while in the thick of the fight; 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33 etc.
† מַחֲנֵה־דָָן n.pr.loc. = camp of Dan, name given, Ju 13:25, 18:12, to place where Danites encamped (v. Bla).
† מַחֲנַיִם n.pr.loc. (two camps)—E. of Jordan; name from Jacob's meeting angels acc. to Gn 32:3 (J), place on border of Gad Jos 13:26, of Manasseh v:30 (P); Levit. city in Gad 21:36 (P) = 1 Ch 6:65; named also 2 S 2:8 (מַחֲנָ֑יִם), v:12, v:29 (נָ֑יִם-), 19:33, 1 K 2:8 (נָ֑ים-); מַחֲנָ֑יְמָה 2 S 17:24, 17:27, 1 K 4:14; site unknown, v. Di:Gn; כִּמְחֹלַת הַמַּחֲנָ֑יִם Ct 7:1 is put here by Ew Hi Öt al.: as at a (the) dance of Mahanaim; dance of a double choir Gi Stickel RV.
† תַּ֫חַן n.pr.m. (perh. abbrev. fr. תַּחֲנֶה )—an Ephraimite Nu 26:35 LXX Ταναχ, 1 Ch 7:25 LXX Θαεν, LXXL Θααν.
† תַּחֲנִי adj. gent. only c. art. as subst. coll., הַתּ׳ Nu 26:35.
† [תַּחֲנָה] n.f. encamping, or encampment;—pl. sf. תַּחֲנֹתִי (si vera 1.) אֶל־מְקוֹם פְּנִֽי אַלְמֹנִי 2 K 6:8, unto such and such a place is my encamping; but form very strange. Rd. prob. תֵּחָֽבְאוּ ye shall hide yourselves, so SyrVer Th Klo.
† חָנַט vb. spice, make spicy, embalm (NH id., bud, blossom; Ar. حَنَطَ become mature, II. prepare for burial, حَنُوطُ spices for a corpse; حمَاطُ embalmer, Dozy:i, 322 after PS:1320; Aram. ܚܢܰܛ, חֲנַט embalm; so Eth. h.anat.a: (loan-word Di:110));—Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָֽנְטָה Ct 2:13; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּחַנְטוּ Gn 50:2, 50:26; Inf. cstr. לַחֲנֹט Gn 50:2; —
1. spice, make spicy פַגֶּיהָ הַתְּאֵנָה ח׳ Ct 2:13 the fig-tree spiceth its figs, so VB De in transl. (Ew De in notes Öt al. prefer reddeneth, on account of spring season, cf. the less common and perhaps secondary sense in Ar. become red (of leather) Lane:657 a).
2. embalm, sq. acc. pers. Gn 50:2, 50:2 (performed by הָרֹפְאִים), v:26.
† חֲנֻטִים n.[m.] pl. abstr. embalming, only יְמֵי הַח׳ Gn 50:3 i.e. the days consumed in the embalming process = אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם v. Di.
† חִטָּה n.f. wheat (NH id., Aram. חִנְטִין, חִיטְּתָא, ܚܶܛܬܳܐ; Ar. هِنْطَةُ);—abs. ח׳ Ex 9:32 + 6 t.; pl. חִטִּים Gn 30:14 + 20 t.; חִטִּין Ez 4:9; cstr. חִטֵּי Ez 27:17; —wheat, sg. chiefly poet., of growing wheat Ex 9:32 (E), Dt 8:8, Jb 31:40, Jo 1:11; sown Is 28:25; food-product Dt 32:14 (חֵלֶב כִּלְיוֹת ח׳ kidney-fat of wheat, i.e. the choicest, v. חֵלֶב), חֵלֶב ח׳ Ps 81:17 (cf. 147:14 infr.); elsewh. pl.; wheat as sown Je 12:13; wheat-harvest קְחִיר ח׳ Gn 30:14 (J), Ex 34:22 (JE), Ju 15:1, 1 S 6:13, 12:17, Ru 2:23, + 2 S 24:15 where insert acc. to LXX We Dr; wheat threshed Ju 6:11, not found1 Ch 20:21 cf. v:not found23; measured 1 K 5:25 = 2 Ch 2:9 (חטים מַכּוֹת, rd. מַכֹּלֶת ח׳ as 1 K 5:25 = wheat for food Th Be Ke after Vrss), v:14, 27:5, Ez 45:13; stored (with barley, oil and honey) Je 41:8; for food 2 S 17:28, חֵלֶב חִטִּים Ps 147:14 (cf. 81:14 supr.); לֽקְחֵי חִטִּים 2 S 4:6 (rd. סֹקְלָה ח׳ LXX We Dr); סֹלֶת ח׳ fine wheaten flour Ex 29:2 (P); Ez 4:9 (חִטִּין, Aram. pl.) mixed with barley, beans, lentils, etc., and made into bread.
חַנִּיאֵל n.pr., and חֲנִינָה v. sub חנן p. 337
חֲנִית v. sub חנה p. 333
I. חנך (√ of foll. (see Ar. Syr.); meaning unknown).
† חֵךְ n.m. palate, roof of mouth, gums (NH id.; Aram. ܚܶܡܟܳܐ חִכָּא Ar. حَنَكُ palate, roof of mouth, jaws, lower part of mouth, lower jaw of horse, mouth, etc. Lane:659 Dozy:i. 332);—abs. ח׳ Jb 12:11 34:3; sf. חִכִּי Pr 8:7 + 6 t., חִכְּךָ Ho 8:1, חִכֶָּךָ Ez 3:26, Pr 24:13; chiefly poet., esp. WisdLt:—חִכֵח Ct 7:10, חִכּוֹ La 4:4 + 2 t., חִכָּהּ Pr 5:3, חִכָּם Jb 29:10; —palate, roof of mouth: a. אֶל־חִכְּךָ שֹׁפָר Ho 8:1 a trumpet to thy palate! (or gums; as in Eng., to thy lips); oft. c. לָשׁוֹן, tongue clings (דבק) to הך, expression for speechlessness Ez 3:26, Jb 29:10, as imprecation Ps 137:6; for the parching of extreme thirst La 4:4 (בַּצָּמָא), cf. Ps 22:16 MT יָבֵּשׁ כַּחֶרֶשׂ כֹּחִי rd. חִכִּי for כחי v. Che:crit. n. (‖לְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּק מַלְקוֹחָָי). b. as organ of speech Pr 5:3, 8:7 (both ‖שְׂפָתַיִם), Jb 31:30, 33:2 דִּבְּרָה לְשׁוֹנִי בְחִכִּי (‖פָּתַחְתִּי פִי). c. as organ of taste Jb 12:11, 34:3, פִּרְיוֹ מָתוֹק לְחִכִּי Ct 2:3 his fruit was sweet to my palate, Pr 24:13 (implied sim. of wisdom as sweet to the soul); fig. of God's words as sweet לְח׳ Ps 119:103 (‖פִּי); of taste as distinguishing misfortunes Jb 6:30 (‖לָשׁוֹן; > others of speech); of keeping wickedness בְּתוֹח ח׳ Jb 20:18 (‖תַּחַת לָשׁוֹן), i.e. delighting in and prolonging the taste of it. d. nearly = mouth, as an element in personal sweetness and beauty Ct 5:16, 7:10.
†II. חָנַךְ vb. train up, dedicate (cf. Ar. حَنَكَ appar. denom. fr. حَنَكُ rub palate of child with chewed dates, Lane:659 a, of midwife rub palate of new-born child with oil, etc., before it begins to suck, Dozy:ii, 332; also make experienced, submissive, etc. (as one does a horse by a rope in its mouth) Lane; v. also We:Skizzen iii, 154; NH חִנֵּךְ accustom; Aram. חֲנַךְ dedicate, חַנֵּיךְ as NH; Eth. II. h.anaka: perceive, understand (Di:108, hnk4: initiatio is loan-word Id.:ib.))—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. חֲנָכוֹ Dt 20:5; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַחְנְכֶנּוּ Dt 20:5, 3 mpl. וַיַּחְנְכוּ 1 K 8:63, 2 Ch 7:5; Imv. חֲנֹךְ Pr 22:6; —
1. train, train up a (the) youth (לַנַּעַר) Pr 22:6 (cf. NH חִנּוּךְ).
2. dedicate, of formal opening of a new house Dt 20:5, 20:5; dedicate, consecrate temple 1 K 8:63 = 2 Ch 7:5 (all sq. acc.)
† חֲנוֹךְ n.pr.m. 1. son of Cain Gn 4:17, 4:17, 4:18 LXX Ενωχ, LXXL Ενως. 2. son of Jered (line of Seth), the pious Enoch, who walked with God and was taken by him Gn 5:18, 5:19, 5:21, 5:22, 5:23, 5:24, 1 Ch 1:3 LXX Ενωχ. 3. חֲנֹךְ a son of Midian Gn 25:4, 1 Ch 1:33, LXX Ενωχ. 4. חֲנוֹךְ a son of Reuben Gn 46:9, Ex 6:14, Nu 26:5, 1 Ch 5:3, LXX Ενωχ.
† חֲנֹכִי adj.gent. of חֲנוֹךְ 4. only c. art. הַח׳ = subst. coll. Nu 26:5.
† [חָנִיךְ] adj. trained, tried, experienced, only pl. sf. חֲנִיכָיו יְלידֵי בֵיתוֹ, Gn 14:14 i.e. his tried and trusty men, born in his house.
† חֲנֻכָּה n.f. dedication, consecration, as a matter of usage only P and late (NH חֲנוּכָּה Feast of Dedication; so Aram. חֲנוּכְּתָא)—abs ח׳ Ne 12:27; cstr. חֲנֻכַּת Nu 7:10 + 6 t.; dedication of wall of Jerus. Ne 12:27, 12:27, by sacrifices and processions, with music; of altar in temple 2 Ch 7:9; of ‘ the house ’ Ps 30:1 (title), i.e. the temple (re-dedication by Judas Maccab., 1 Macc. 4:52 ff.), v. O1 Bae al. (opp. De), and esp. Che:OP 234. 247; = dedication-offering for altar in tabernacle Nu 7:10 (acc. c. וַיַּקְרִיבוּ), cf. יַקְרִיבוּ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָם לַחֲנֻכַּת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ v:11, also v:84, v:88 (all P; v Di Nu 7:20).
† חַכָּה n.f. hook fastened in jaw, fish-hook (NH id., Aram. חַכְּתָא)—abs. ח׳ Jb 40:25 + 2 t.;—כָּל־מַשְׁלִיכֵי בַיְאֹר חַכָָּה Is 19:8 (‖הַדַּיָּגִים), כֻּלֽה בְּחַכָּה הֵעֲלָה Hb 1:15 (of אדם, who, v:14, is comp. to דְּגֵּי הַיָּם, and רֶמֶשׂ), cf. תִּמְשֹׁךְ לִוְיָתָן בְּחַכָָּה Jb 40:25.
חִנָּם v. sub חנן p. 336
† חֲנַמְאֵל n.pr.m. (perh. = חנן־אל)—Jeremiah's cousin, son of his uncle Je 32:7, 32:8, 32:9, cf. דֹּדִי ח׳ v:12; LXX Αναμεηλ.
† [חֲנָמֵל] n.[m.] only בַּחֲנָמַָל Ps 78:47 (on form v. Dr:Sm p. 98) as instr. of destroying sycomores (‖בָּרָד); meaning conject.; LXX Vulgate frost.
†I. חָנַן vb. shew favour, be gracious (NH id., Aram. חֲנַן ܚܰܢ; Ar. حَنَّ yearn towards, long for, be merciful, compassionate, favourable, inclined towards; Sab. חן in n.pr. חן מסבררהם DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 40; Ph. חנן in חן favour, and n.pr. as אלחנן, חננבעל; As. in deriv. annu, grace, favour, unninu, têninu nannu, id., Lotz:TP Zim:BP 23, 66)—Qal Pf. חָנַן Gn 33:5; sf. חַנַּ֫נִי Gn 33:11; יְ֯חַנַּנִי 2 S 12:22; חַנֹּתִי Ex 33:19; חָנָ֑נוּ La 4:16; Impf. יֶחֱנַן Am 5:15; יָחֹן Dt 28:50; וַיָּ֫חָן 2 K 13:23; sf. יָחְנְךָ Gn 43:29, Is 30:19; וִיחֻנֶּךָ Nu 6:25; יְחֻנֶּנּוּ Is 27:11, Jb 33:24; יְחָנֵּנוּ Ps 67:2, 123:2, Mal 1:9; תָּחֹן Ps 59:6; sf. תְּחָנֵּם Dt 7:2; אָחֹן Ex 33:19; Imv. sf. חָנֵּנִי Ps 4:2 + 17 t. Psalm Psalm; חָנְנֵנִי Ps 9:14 (Baer pts. חַנְנֵנִי); חָנֵּנוּ Is 33:2, Ps 123:3, 123:3; חָנּוּנוּ Ju 21:22; חָנֻּנִי Jb 19:21, 19:21; Inf. abs. חָנוֹן Is 30:19; cstr. חַנּוֹת Ps 77:10; חֶנְנָהּ Ps 102:14; חֲנַנְכֶם Is 30:18; Pt. חֹנֵן Pr 14:31; חוֹנֵן Ps 37:21 + 5 t. Psalm Psalm Pr.—favour, shew favour;
1. of man: a. Ju 21:22 favour us with them (2 acc.; i.e. by giving them to us). b. in dealing with the poor, needy, and orphans, abs. Ps 37:21, 37:26 = 112:5; c. acc. Pr 14:31, 19:17, 28:8; c. לְ Ps 109:12. c. by considering and sparing, c. acc. Dt 7:2, 28:50, La 4:16, Jb 19:21, 19:21.
2. of God, a. in the bestowal of favours, with acc. Gn 33:11 (E), 43:29 (J), Nu 6:25 (P), 2 S 12:22; double acc. Gn 33:5 (E), תּוֹרָֽתְךָ חָנֵּנִי be gracious unto me (in giving) thy law Ps 119:29. b. usually in the bestowal of redemption from enemies, evils, and sins; abs. Ps 77:10, elsewhere c. acc. Ex 33:19, 33:19 (JE), Am 5:15, 2 K 13:23, Is 27:11, 30:18, 30:19, 30:19, 33:2, Mal 1:9, Ps 4:2, 6:3, 9:14, 25:16, 26:11, 27:7, 30:11, 31:10, 41:5, 41:11, 51:3, 56:2, 57:2, 57:2, 59:6, 67:2, 86:3, 86:16, 102:14, 119:58, 119:132, 123:2, 123:3, 123:3, Jb 33:24.—Jb 19:17 v. II. חנן Niph. Pf. 2 fs. נֵחַנְתְּ Je 22:23 be pitied (cf. נֵאַר √ארר) but LXX SyrVer Vulgate express groan (i.e. נֶאֱנַחְתְּ), which is favoured by context, and adopted by Hi Ew Gf Gie al. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. make gracious, favourable כִּי־יְחַנֵּן קוֹלוֹ Pr 26:25. Poeï‘l Impf. 3 ms. direct favour to (Ges:§ 55, 1) וְאֶת־עֲפָרָהּ יְחֹנֵנוּ Ps 102:15; Pt. מְחוֹנֵן עֲנָיִ֯ים Pr 14:21. Hoph. Impf. יֻחַן be shewn favour, consideration Is 26:10, Pr 21:10. Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. הִתְחַנַּנְתָּה 1 K 9:3 + 5 t. Pf.; Impf. וַיִּתְחַנֵּן 2 K 1:13; וַתִּתְחַנֶּן־ Est 8:3; אֶתְחַנָּ֑ן Ps 30:9 + etc. + 6 t. Impf.; Inf. לְהִתְחֶנֶּן־ Est 4:8; בְּהִתְחַנְנוֹ Gn 42:21—seek or implore favour: 1. of man, with אֶל Gn 42:21 (E) 2 K 1:13; with לְ Jb 19:16, Est 4:8, 8:3. 2. of God, with אֶל־ Dt 3:23, 1 K 8:33, 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Jb 8:5, Ps 30:9, 142:2; with לְ Ho 12:5, Jb 9:15; with לפני 1 K 8:59, 9:3, 2 Ch 6:24.
† I. חֵן n.m.:Ps 45:3 favour, grace;—ח׳ Gn 6:8 + 67 t.; sf. חִנּוֹ Gn 39:21; —
1. favour, grace, elegance: a. of form and appearance, of a woman ‖יֹ֑פִי Pr 31:30; אֵשֶׁת חֵן Pr 11:16; זונה טובת חן Na 3:4; of a doe Pr 5:19; precious stone אבן חן Pr 17:8; of ornaments Pr 1:9 = 4:9, 3:22. b. of speech, lips Ps 45:3, Pr 22:11; words Ec 10:12.
2. favour, acceptance: a. with men Pr 13:15, 22:1, Ec 9:11. b. with God Zc 4:7, 4:7, 12:10; chiefly in phrases: מחא חן בעיני find favour in the eyes of: (I) men Gn 30:27, 32:6, 33:8, 33:10, 33:15, 34:11, 39:4, 47:25, 47:29, 50:4, Nu 32:5 (all J); Dt 24:1, Ru 2:2, 2:10, 2:13, 1 S 1:18, 16:22, 20:3, 20:29, 25:8, 27:5, 2 S 14:22, 16:4, 1 K 11:19, Est 5:8, 7:3; (2) of God Gn 6:8, 18:3, 19:19, Ex 33:12, 33:13, 33:13, 33:16, 33:17, 34:9, Nu 11:11, 11:15 (all J); Ju 6:17, 2 S 15:25, Pr 3:4; abs. מחא חן (with man) Pr 28:23; (with God) Je 31:2; מֹחא חן לפניו Est 8:5 (i.e. of the king); נתן חן בעיני give favour in the eyes of (I) man Gn 39:21, Ex 3:21, 11:3, 12:36 (J); abs. נתן חן of man Ps 84:12; (2) of God Pr 3:34; נשׂא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי obtain favour in the eyes of Est 2:15; of the king 5:2; so וַתִּשָּׂא־חֵן וָחֶסֶד לְפָנָיו Est 2:17.
חִנָּם subst., used chiefly in the accus. as adv. (cf. As. annáma, in vain, Dl:K 7, Pr 44; from הֵּן, with aff. ם—ָ, which is sometimes found in substantives proper, as סֻלָּם, and pr. names, but is more partic. used with substs. applied adverbially, as יוֹמָם אָמְנָם, דּוּמָם, רֵיקָם: Sta:§ 203 Ba:NB § 216)—lit. out of favour; i.e. a. gratis, gratuitously, for nothing, עָבַד חִנָּם to serve for nought Gn 29:15, Jb 1:9, Is 52:3 to be sold (fig.) for nought v:5; Ex 21:2, 21:11 יָחָא חִנָּם to go out(from slavery) freely, for nothing, Nu 11:5 which we used to eat in Eg. for nought, Je 22:13, 1 Ch 21:24; in the genitive 2 S 24:24 עֹלוֹת חִנָּם i.e. burnt-offerings which cost nothing (in the ‖ 1 Ch 21:24 the constr. is changed). b. for no purpose, in vain Pr 1:17, Mal 1:10: once אֶל חִנָּם (cf. אֶל 7) Ez 6:10. c. gratuitously, without cause, undeservedly, esp. of groundless hostility or attack, 1 S 19:5 לְהָמִית חִנָּם to slay David without cause, 25:31, Ps 35:7, 35:7, 109:3, 119:161 רְדָפוּנִי חִנָּם, Pr 1:11, 3:30, 23:29, Jb 2:3 לְבַלְּעוֹ ח׳ 9:17, 22:6, Ez 14:23, Ps 35:19 and 69:5 שׂנְאַי חִנָּם my haters without cause, La 3:52 אֹיְבַי חִנָּם; in the genitive 1 K 2:31 דְּמֵי חִנָּם blood shed without cause (cf. 1 S 25:31), Pr 24:28 אֲל־תְּהִי עֵד ח׳ בְּרֵעֶָךָ, 26:2 קִלְלַת ח׳ the causeless curse.
†II. חֵן n.pr.m.(favour)—contemp. of Zerubbabel Zc 6:14, so RV SS We, but RVm Ew Hi Ke Or grace, favour, kindness.
† חִין n.[m.] חִין עֶרְכּוֹ Jb 41:4 the grace of his proportions ( = חֵן Aram. חִנָּא) so AV RV Thes De Volck Da al.; meaning not very appropr. in context (description of crocodile); but nothing better has been proposed; v. suggestions in Di.
† חַנָּה n.pr.f. LXX ̓́Αννα (cf. Nab. חנה Eut:No. 20), mother of Samuel 1 S 1:2, 1:2, 1:5, 1:5, 1:8, 1:9, 1:13, 1:15, 1:19, 1:20, 1:22, 2:1, 2:21.
† חָנָן n.pr.m. (gracious; cf. Sab. חנן, Ph. חנא)—
1. one of the warriors of David 1 Ch 11:43.
2. one of the heads of families of Nethinim Ezr 2:46 = Ne 7:49.
3. names of Levites Ne 8:7, 10:11, 13:3.
4. chiefs of the people: a. Ne 10:23. b. Ne 10:27.
5. Benjamite name 1 Ch 8:23, 8:38, 9:44 (cf. n.pr.loc. בֵּית חָנָן, Mish. כְּעַר חָנָן).
6. אִישׁ הָאֱלֽהִים head of a prophetic guild, בְּנֵי חָנָן Je 35:4.
† חָנוּן (favoured; cf. As Ḫanunu, king of Gaza COT on 2 K 15:29);—
1. an Ammonite king 2 S 10:1, 10:2, 10:3, 10:4, 1 Ch 19:2, 19:2, 19:3, 19:4, 19:6.
2. Jewish chiefs, contemporaries of Nehemiah: a. Ne 3:18. b. Ne 3:30.
† חַנּוּן adj. gracious, only used as an attribute of God, as hearing the cry of the vexed debtor Ex 22:26 (covt. code), ‖ מְרַחֵם Ps 116:5; elsewhere in the earlier phrase רֵחוּס וְחַנּוּן Ex 34:6 (JE) = Ps 86:15, 103:8, or the later חַנּוּן וְרַחוּס 2 Ch 30:9, Ne 9:17, 9:31, Ps 111:4, 112:4, 145:8, Jo 2:13, Jon 4:2.
† חֲנִינָה n.f. favour לא־אֶתֵּן לָכֶם חֲנִינָה I will shew you no favour Je 16:13 (v. on form Ba: NB 136).
† חַנִּיאֵל n.pr.m. (favour of Ēl; cf. Ph. חנבעל, חנמלקרת (Hamilcar) favour of Melqart Nab. חנאל Vog:No. 10)—
1. prince of tribe of Manasseh Nu 34:23.
2. a chief of the tribe of Asher 1 Ch 7:89.
† חֲנַנְאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl; is gracious; cf. Ph. חננבעל, אלחנן, etc.)—name of a tower at Jerusalem Je 31:38, Zc 14:10, Ne 3:1, 12:39.
† חֵנָדָד n.pr.m. (חֵן + הָדָד favour of Hadad)—Levite chief Ezr 3:9, Ne 3:18, 3:24, 10:10.
† חֲנָנִי n.pr.m. (perh. Abbrev. From foll.);—
1. father of the prophet Jehu 1 K 16:1, 16:7, 2 Ch 16:7, 19:2, 20:34.
2. brother of Nehemiah Ne 1:2, 7:2.
3. a chief musician of David 1 Ch 25:4, 25:25.
4. a chief musician in time of Nehemiah Ne 12:36.
5. a priest of Ezra's time Ezr 10:20.
† חֲנַנְיָ֫הוּ, חֲנַנְיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath been gracious)—LXX ̓Ανανίας; חֲנַנְיָהוּ: (cf. חנניהו on Israel. Seal, Ganneau:Jas Fev.-Mars 1883, 128, No.1)—
1. father of a prince under Jehoiakim Je 36:12.
2. captain of Uzziah's army 2 Ch 26:11.
3. chief of one of the divisions musicians of David 1 Ch 25:23 = חֲנַנְיָה v:4.—חֲנַנְיָה:
4. a false prophet of Jeremiah's time Je 28:1, 28:5, 28:10, 28:11, 28:12, 28:13, 28:15, 28:15, 28:17.
5. one of the three companions of Daniel Dn 1:6, 1:7, 1:11, 1:19.
6. grandfather of an officer of the guard in Jeremiah's time Je 37:13.
7. a son of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:19, 3:21.
8. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:24.
9. various postexilic persons. a. Ezr 10:28. b. Ne 3:8. c. Ne 3:30. d. Ne 7:2. e. Ne 10:24. f. Ne 12:12, 12:41.
† חַנָּתֹן n.pr.loc place in the tribe of Zebulun Jos 19:14; LXX Αμωθ, Αενναθωθ, LXXL Αναθωθ; site unknown; acc. to Conder = Talm, Caphar Hanania (Nbr:Geogr. 176. 226) on the border of Upper and Lower Galilee, mod. KefrÕ’ Anân, Survey:WP i. 205, 207.
† תְּחִנּה n.f. favour, supplication for favour;—תְּחִנַּת Jos 11:20 + 4 t.; cstr. תְּחִנָּתִי 1 K 8:30, 8:52, 8:52; תְּחִנֹּתֵיהֶס Je 37:20 + 5 t.; תְּחִנֹּתֵיהֶם 2 Ch 6:39 etc. + 10 t. sf.;—
1. favour, shewn by Israel Jos 11:29 (D); מאת יהוה Ezr 9:8.
2. supplication for favour, from God 1 K 8:52, 8:52, 2 Ch 33:13, Ps 119:170; ‖ תְּפִלָּה 1 K 8:28 = 2 Ch 6:19, Ps 6:10, 55:2; תחנה (ו) תפלה 1 K 8:38, 8:45, 8:49, 8:54 = 2 Ch 6:29, 6:35, 6:39, 1 K 9:3; אשׁר התפלל ת׳ 1 K 8:30 (= תַּחֲנוּן 2 Ch 6:21); לִפְנֵי תִּפֹּלּ ת׳ let the supplication fall before, Yahweh Je 36:7, the king Je 37:20, Jeremiah Je 42:2; לפני הִפִּיל ת׳ present supplication before, Yahweh Je 42:9, Dn 9:20, the king Je 38:26.
† II. תְּחִנָּה n.pr.m. one in the line of Judah 1 Ch 4:12.
† תַּחֱנוּן n.[m] only pl.abstr. supplication for favour;—abs. תַּחֲנוּנִים Pr 18:23 + 4 t.; cstr. תַּחֲנוּנֵי Je 3:21, 2 Ch 6:21; sf. 1 S. תַּחֲנוּנַי Ps 28:2 etc., + 9 t. sf.; also תַּחֲנוּנוֹתָָי Ps 86:6; —
1. made to men: דִּבֶּר ת׳ (a poor man to the rich) Pr 18:23; אֵל ת׳ supplication unto (crocodile to man) Jb 40:27; elsewhere
2. to God: ‖ תפלה Ps 143:1, Dn 9:3, 9:17; אשׁר התפלל ת׳ 2 Ch 6:21 (= קוֹל ת׳ 1 K 8:30); voice of supplication Ps 28:2, 28:6, 31:23, 86:6, 130:2, 140:7, also 116:2 (for קוֹלִי is old case-ending, and cstr. as LXX Vulgate Che Bae al.); ‖ בְּכִי Je 31:9; בְּכִּי ת׳ Je 3:21; רוח חן ות׳ Zc 12:10; לְפָנֶיךָ אֲנַחְנוּ מַפִּילִים ת׳ Dn 9:18 we are presenting our supplications before thee; בִּתְחִלִּת ת׳ Dn 9:23 at the beginning of thy supplication.
† II. [חָנַן] be loathsome (cf. Ar. خَنَّ x. foetorem emisit (puteus); Syr. ܚܰܢܺܝܢܳܐ rancid);—only וְחַנֹּתִ֫י לִבְנֵי בִטְנִי Jb 19:17 and I am loath-some to the sons of my womb (‖ זָרָה v. II. זור), so RVm Ew De Di al. (On the tone v. De.)
† חָנֵס n.pr.loc. Is 30:4 in Lower Egypt, on island in Nile, S. of Memphis (‖ צֹּעַן) = Egypt. Ḥnnstn [*Ḥnênĕ ], As. Ḫininši; Herodot:ii. 137 ̓́ Ανυσις, afterward Heracleopolis magna, now Ahnâs; v. Steindorff:BAS i. 602.
† [חָנֵף] vb. polluted, profane (Ar. حَنَفَ incline, decline, hence حَنِيفُ inclining to a right state, but in Heb. of inclining away from right, irreligion, profaneness, cf. حَنِفَ have a حَنَفُ i.e. distortion of foot; Syr. in deriv. be profane, etc.; NH Hiph., Aram. Aph. act falsely toward, flatter, חֲנוּפָה hypocrisy; As. hanpu, ruthlessness; hanâpu, exercise ruthlessness toward, Tel Amarna Zim: ZA vi, 1891, 256)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָֽנְפָה Is 24:5; 3 pl. חָנֵפָוּ Je 23:11; Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחְֶנַף Je 3:1; תֱּהֶָנָף Mi 4:11; וֵתֶּחֱנַף Je 3:9, Ps 106:38; Inf. abs. חָנוֹף Je 3:1; —
1. be polluted: of land Is 24:5, Je 3:1, 3:1, Ps 106:38; of Zion Mi 4:11.
2. of prophet and priest = be חָנֵף (cf. infr.) i.e. profane, godless Je 23:11.—appar.trans וַתַּחֲנֵף את הארץ, Gf del. את, Gie cites Ges: § 121, 1, but rd. rather Hiph. וַתַּחֲנֵף with Codd. LXX Ewal. (v. also Gf.Gie). Hiph. Impf. יַחֲנַיף Nu 35:33, Dn 11:33; 2 fs. וַתַּחֲנִ֫יפִי Je 3:2; 2 mpl. תַּחֲנִ֫יפוּ;—1. pollute: the land Nu 35:33, 35:33 (by blood; P), Je 3:2 (by idolatry, etc.) + Je 3:9 (v. supr.) 2. make profane, godless Dn 11:32 c. acc. pers.
† חֹ֫נֶף n.[m.] profaneness—לִעֲשׂוֹת ח׳ Is 32:6 to practise profaneness (+ נְבָלָה, אָוֶַן, תּוֹעָה).
† חָנֵף adj. profane, irreligious (Syr. ܚܰܢܦܳܐ profane, hence oft. Healthen, apostate; Ar. حَنِيفُ inclining to a right state, esp. the true religion a Muslim)—abs. ח׳ Jb 8:13 + 10 t.; pl. חֲנֵפִים Is 33:14; חַנְפֵי Jb 36:13, Ps 35:16; —profane, godless: of persons, אָדָם ח׳ Jb 34:30; גּוֹי ח׳ Is 10:6; as subst. godless man Is 9:16 (‖ מרע) Jb 8:13, 13:16, 17:8, 20:5, 27:8, Pr 11:9; coll. עֲדַת ח׳ Jb 15:34; pl. Is 33:14; חַנְפֵי־לֵב Jb 36:13; בְּחַנְפֵי לֵעֲגֵי מָעוֹנ Ps 35:16 as profane men, mockers for cake (i.e. table-jesters; on cstr. v. Ges: § 130. 5), but txt. Dub. (v. Che: crit.n. Bae).
† חֲנֻפָּה (so Baer; van d. H חֲנֻפָךְ) n.f. profaneness, pollution, Je 23:15.
† [חָנַק] vb. strangle (NH id., Aram. חֲנַק, ܚܢܰܦ; Ar. خَنَقَ);—Niph. Impf. וַיֵּחָנַָק 2 S 17:23 strangled himself (+ וַיָּ֫מָת). Pi. pt. מְחַנֵּק Na 2:13 strangle, of lion strangling prey, fig. of Ninevitish king (object not expressed).
† מַחֲנָק n.[m.] strangling, suffocation, as a mode of death, וַתִּבְחַר מַחֲנָק נַפְשִׁי Jb 7:15 and my soul chooseth strangling (‖ מָוֶת).
חַנָּתֹן v. sub. חִנן p. 337
† I. [חָסַד] vb. 1. be good, kind (NH חָסַד in deriv. חָסִיד pious; Aram חֲסַד be kind, mild (then beg), chiefly in deriv. חִסְדָּא etc.; cf. perh. Ar. حَشَدَ usu. pl. they assembled, sq. لَهُ they combined for him, and took pains to shew him courtesy Lane: 574 c, also RS: Proph. iv. n. 9 (and Schu AE v. in Thes); >Thes al. Find primary meaning in eager zeal or desire (‖ קנא), whence develop kindness (as above), and envy, Ar. حَسَدَ, حَسَدُ envy (vb. & n.), Aram. חֲסַד be put to shame, ܚܰܣܶܕ, חַסֵּד reproach, revile, v, II. חסד)—only Hithp. Impf. עִס־חָסִיד תִּחְַסָָּד thou shewest thyself kind 2 S 22:26 = Ps 18:26.—On Pi. Pr 25:10 v. II. חסד.
† חֶ֫סֶד: 247 n.m.: 2 S 16:17 goodness, kindness;—abs. ח׳ Gn 24:12 + 85 t.; חָָסֶד Gn 39:21 + 12 t.; cstr. חֶסֶד 1 S 20:14 + 8 t.; sf. חַסְדִּי Ps 59:18 + 120 t. sfs.; pl. חֲסָדִיס Gn 32:11; cstr. חַסֵדֵי Is 55:3 + 5 t. (Baer: Jes p. 79 Ges: § 93, R, 1. F.); sf. חֲסָדַי Ne 13:14 + 1o t. sfs.; (not in H or P). I. of man:
1. kindness of men towards men, in doing favours and benefits 1 S 20:15, 2 S 16:17, Ps 141:5, Pr 19:22, 20:6; יהוה ח׳ 1 S 20:14 the kindness of י׳ (such as he shews, Thes MV; that sworn to by oath to Yahweh Mich Dathe; shewn out of reverence to Yahweh Th Ke); cf. אלהים ח׳ 2 S 9:3; תּוֹרַתאח׳ Pr 31:26 instruction in kindness, kindly instruction עָשָׂה חֶסֶד עִמָּדִי do or shew kindness (in dealing) with me Gn 20:13, 40:14 (E), 1 S 20:14, 2 S 10:2 (עִמִּי in ‖ 1 Ch 19:2); c. עִם Gn 21:23 (E), 24:12, 24:14, Jos 2:12, 2:12, Ju 1:24 (J), 8:35, 1 S 15:6, 2 S 2:5, 3:8, 9:1, 9:3, 9:7, 10:2 a = 1 Ch 19:2 a, 1 Ch 19:2 b, 2 Ch 24:22; c. עַל 1 S 20:8 c. לְ 1 K 2:7; לפני נשׂא ח׳ obtain kindness before Est 2:9, 2:17; היטיב ח׳ Ru 3:10.
2. kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy Pr 20:28, Jb 6:14; אישׁ חסד merciful man Pr 11:17 (opp. אַכְזָרִי); מַלְכֵּי ח׳ merciful kings 1 K 20:31; עשׂה ח׳ Ps 109:16; in this sense usu. with other attributes (v. also infr. II. 2.); ‖ אמת Ho 4:1, Is 16:5; ואמת ח׳ Pr 3:3, 14:22, 16:6, 20:28; ואמת עשׂה ח׳ Gn 24:49, 47:29, Jos 2:14 (J; RV gives thse under 1); ‖ חדקה Ho 10:12; חדקה וח׳ Pr 21:21; ‖ משׁפט Mi 6:8; ומשׁפט ח׳ Ho 12:7; ‖ חוֹנֵן Ps 109:12; ורחמים ח׳ Zc 7:9, Dn 1:9.—(On Ho 6:4, 6:6 v. 3 infr.)
3. (rarely) affection if Isr. to י׳ love to God, piety: נְעוּרַיִךְ ח׳ Je 2:2 priety of thy youth (‖ love of thine espousals to Yahweh); poss. also חַסְדְּכֶס כַּעֲנַן־בֹּקֶר Ho 6:4 your piety is like a morning cloud (fleeting), and כִּי חֶסֶד חָפַחְתִּיּי וְלאֹ־זָ֑בַח Ho 6:6 for piety I delight in and not in peace-offering (‖ דעת אלהים, cf. 1 S 15:22);—so Wü Now Hi (v:4) Che; Ke Hi (v:6) al. sub 2 (or 1);—נַנְשֵׁי חֶסֶד men of piety Is 57:1 (‖חַדִּיק ); pl. pious acts 2 Ch 32:32, 35:26, Ne 13:14.
4. lovely appearance: כָּל־חַסְדּוֹ כְּחִיץ הַשָֹּׁדֶה Is 40:6 all its loveliness as the flower of the field (so Thes Hi De Che Di al.; but δόξα LXX I Pet 1:24 & gloria Vulgate favour an original reading הוֹדוֹ Lo or כְּבֹדוֹ Ew, see Br:MP 375; Du הֲדָרוֹ). II. of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescendig to the needs of his creatures. He is חַסְדָּס their goodness favour Jon 2:9; חַסְדִּי Ps 144:2; אֱלֽהֵי חַסְדִּי God of my kindness Ps 59:18; in v:11 rd. אֱלֽהַי חַסְדּוֹ my God with his kindness LXX Vulgate Ew Hup De Pe Che Bae; his is the kindness Ps 62:13; it is with him Ps 130:7; he delights in it Mi 7:18. 1. specif. lovingkindness: a. in redemption from enemies and troubles Gn 19:19, 39:21 (J), Ex 15:13 (song), Je 31:3, Ezr 7:28, 9:9, Ps 21:8, 31:17, 31:22, 32:10, 33:22, 36:8, 36:11, 42:9, 44:27, 48:10, 59:17, 66:20, 85:8, 90:14, 94:18, 107:8, 107:15, 107:21, 107:31, 143:8, 143:12, Jb 37:13, Ru 1:8, 2:20; men should trust in it Ps 13:6, 52:10; rejoice in it Ps 31:8; hope in it Ps 33:18; 147:11. b. in preservation of life from death Ps 6:5, 86:13, Jb 10:12. c. in quickening of spiritual life Ps 109:26, 119:41, 119:76, 119:88, 119:124, 119:149, 119:159. d. in redemption from sin Ps 25:7, 51:3. e. in keeping the covenants, with Abraham Mi 7:20; with Moses and Israel חֶסֶד(הַ)שׁמר הַבְּרִית וְ keep-eth the covenant and the lovingkindness Dt 7:9, 7:12, 1 K 8:23 = 2 Ch 6:14, Ne 1:5, 9:32, Dn 9:4; with David and his dynasty 2 S 7:15 = 1 Ch 17:13, 2 S 22:51 = Ps 18:51, 1 K 3:6, 3:6 = 2 Ch 1:8, Ps 89:29, 89:34; with the wife Zion Is 54:10. 2. חֶסֶד is grouped with other divine attributes: חסד ואמת kindness (lovingkindness) and fidelity Gn 24:27 (J), Ps 25:10, 41:11, 40:12, 57:4, 61:8, 85:11, 89:15, 115:1, 138:2; ואמת עם עשׂה ח׳ 2 S 2:6, 15:20 (LXX, v. Dr); ואמת רַב ח׳ Ex 34:6 (JE), Ps 86:15; also ‖אמת Mi 7:20, Ps 26:3, 117:2; ‖אֱמוּנָה Ps 88:12, 89:3, 92:3; אמונה וח׳ Ps 89:25; ואמונה ח׳ Ps 98:3; ‖רחמים Ps 77:9; ורחמיס ח׳ Je 16:5, Ho 2:21, Ps 103:4; ומשׁפט ח׳ Je 9:23, Ps 101:1; ‖חדקה Ps 36:11; טוב וח׳ Ps 23:6. 3. the kindness of God is a. abundant: רַב־חֶסֶד abundant, plenteous in kindness (goodness) Nu 14:18 (J), Ne 9:17 (Qr), Jo 2:13, Jon 4:2, Ps 86:5, 103:8 (cf. Ex 34:6 JE; Ps 86:15); רֹב חַסְדְּךָ Ne 13:22, Ps 5:8, 69:14, 106:7 (LXX Vulgate Aq Targan, to be preferred to MT חֲסָדֶיךָ); רֹב חֲסָדָו֯ La 3:32, Ps 106:45 (Kt LXX in both to be preferred). b. great in extent: נֹּדֶל חִ׳ greatness of thy mercy Nu 14:19 (J); נְּדָוֹ֯לאח׳ Ps 145:8; it is kept for thousands Ex 34:7 (JE), Je 32:18, esp. of those connected with lovers of י׳, Ex 20:6 = Dt 5:10; for 1000 generations Dt 7:9; it is great as the heavens Ps 57:11, 103:11, cf. 36:6, 108:5; the earth is full of it Ps 33:5, 119:64. c. everlasting: לעוֹלם חסדוֹ Je 33:11, 1 Ch 16:34, 16:41, 2 Ch 5:13, 7:3, 7:6, 20:21, Ezr 3:11, Ps 100:5, 106:1, 107:1, 118:1, 118:2, 118:3, 118:4, 118:29, 136:1–26 (26 t.); חסדךָ לעולם Ps 138:8; מעולם ח׳ ועד עולם Ps 103:17; עולם ח׳ Is 54:8; אל כּל ח׳ היום Ps 52:3. d. good: כִּי־טוֹב חַסְדְּךָ Ps 69:17, 109:21; כי טוב חסדךָ מהיים Ps 63:4. 4. pl. mercies, deeds of kindness, the historic displays of lovingkindness to Israel: shewn to Jacob Gn 32:11(R); but mostly late Is 63:7, Ps 25:6, 89:2; כְּרֹב חסִדיו Is 63:7, see 3 a; promised in the Davidic covenant Ps 89:50; חַסְדֵי דָיִיד mercies to David Is 55:3, 2 Ch 6:42; mercies in general La 3:22, Ps 17:7, 107:43 f.—חֶסֶד in n.pr.m. בן־ח׳ v. sub בֵּן. On Lv 20:17, Pr 14:34 v. II. חֶסֶד sub II. חסד.
† חָסִיד adj.m. kind, pious (so, as denoting active practice of חֶסֶד, kindness, Thes MV De and most, cf. קָחִיר, פָּקִיד etc.; > Hup on Ps 4:4 RVm who expl. as passive reception of י׳'s חֶסֶד, cf. שָֹׂכֹיר, אָסִיר etc.; its use as attribute of God Je 3:12, Ps 145:17, and the context Ps 12:1, Mi 7:2 etc., favour active sense)—ח׳ Ps 4:4 + 9 t.; חֲסִידֶָךָ Dt 33:8, Ps 89:20; חֲסִידְי֯ךָ Ps 16:10; pl. חֲסִידִיס Ps 149:1, 149:5; sf. חֲסִידָָי Ps 50:5; חֲסִידָו֯ 1 S 2:9 + 15 t. sfs.;—
1. kind: a. of man תתחסד עם ח׳ with the kind thou shewest thyself kind 2 S 22:26 = Ps 18:26. b. of wing of ostrich אִס אֶבְרָה חֲסִידָה Jb 39:13 is it a kindly pinion? poss. with play on חֲסִידָה n.f. strok (is the ostrich kind like the stork?). c. of God, only Je 3:12, Ps 145:17.
2. pious, godly, either as exhibition of ‘duteous love’ toward God (Che:OP 378), or (in view of rarity of such passages as Ho 6:4, 6:6, Je 2:2, and their possible ambiguity) because kindness, as prominent in the godly, comes to imply other attributes, and to be a designation of the godly character, piety: a. as adj.—גּוֹי לא חסיד a nation, not pious, = ungodly Ps 43:1. b. elsewh. as subst.: sing., a pious man, the godly Ps 4:4, 12:2, 32:6, 86:2, ‖יָשָׁר Mi 7:2; (thy) pious one(s) Ps 16:10 (Kt pl.), 1 S 2:9 (Qr pl.) Pr 2:8, אִישׁ חֲסִידֶָךָ men of thy pious one Dt 33:8 (Moses, v. Di; others, the man, thy godly one, i.e. Levi); pl. the pious, godly, those of the people who were faithful, devoted to God's service, only in Psalter and chiefly, if not entirely, in late Psalms Ps 149:1, 149:5; his pious ones Ps 30:5, 31:24, 37:28, 85:9, 97:10, 116:15, 148:14, 149:9; thy pious ones Ps 52:11, 79:2, 132:9 = 2 Ch 6:41, Ps 145:10; my pious ones Ps 50:5, her (Zion's) pious Ps 132:16.—(In Maccab. age, συναγωγὴ ̓Ασιδαίων denoted, technically, the party of the pious, who opposed the Hellenization of the Judaea, v. 1 Macc 2:42, 7:13, 2 Macc 14:6 and Che:OP 48, 56; so perhaps Ps 116:15, 149:1, 149:5, 149:9.)
† I. חֲסִידָה n.f. stork (so called as kind and affectionate to its young)—Lv 11:19 = Dt 14:18, Ps 104:17, Je 8:7, Zc 5:9.
† חֲסַדְיָה n.pr.m. (Yah is kind) son of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:20.
† II. [חָסַד] vb. be reproached, ashamed (Aramaism, v. RS:Proph. iv, n. 9; Aram. חֲסַד be put to shame, ܚܰܣܶܕ, חַסֵּד reproach, revile; חִסּוּדָא, ܚܶܣܕܳܐ shame, reproach, oft. in Targum LXX for חֶרְפָּה);—only Pi. Impf. פֶּן־וְחַסֶּדְךָ Pr 25:10 lest he reproach thee, expose thee to shame.
† II. חֶ֫סֶד n.m. shame, reproach, only abs.:—הוּא ח׳ Lv 20:17 (H) it is a shame (shameful thing); לְאֻמִּים חַטָּאת ח׳ Pr 14:34 sin is a reproach to peoples.
† חָסָה vb. (mostly poet. and fig.) seek refuge (Ar. حَشِيَ III. is set aside; v. go aside, apart; حَشَني shelter, protection; but ? ش = ס)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Ps 64:11; 3 fs. חָסָ֫יָה Ps 57:2, חָסִ֫יתִי Ps 7:2 + 7 t.; pl. חָסוּ Ps 37:40, Zp 3:12, חָסָ֫יוּ Dt 32:37; Impf. יֶחְסֶּה Ps 34:9, תֶחְסֶּה Ps 91:4, אֶחְסֶּה Ps 57:2 (see Baer Ps 34:9), אֶחֱסֶה Ps 18:3 + 2 t.; pl. יֶחֱסוּ Is 14:32, יֶחֱסָיוּן Ps 36:8; Imv. חֲסוּ Ju 9:15; Inf. חֲסוֹת Ps 118:8 + 3 t.; pt. חוֹסֶה Is 57:13, חֹסֶה Pr 14:32, חוֹסִים Ps 17:7 + 3 t.; חֹסְים Pr 30:5, 2 S 22:31 (see Baer Pr 30:5), חוֹסֵי Ps 2:12, 5:12, חֹסֵי Na 1:7; —seek refuge, c. בְּ:בְּחֵל in the shadow of a tree Ju 9:15, בְּחֵל מחריס Is 30:2; בָּהּ Is 14:32 in Zion, in gods Dt 32:37 (poem), elsewhere in God 2 S 22:3 = Ps 18:3, Na 1:7, Ps 2:12, 5:12, 7:2, 11:1, 16:1, 25:20, 31:2, 31:20, 34:9, 34:23, 37:40, 57:2, 64:11, 71:1, 118:8, 118:9, 141:8, 144:2, Is 57:13; חוסים בו(כל ה)מגן הוא ל a shield is he to (all) who seek refuge in him 2 S 22:31 = Ps 18:31, Pr 30:5; בְּ׳ is probably to be supplied in thought at least: מושׁיע חוסים Ps 17:7 saviour of those seeking refuge (in thee); חסה במותו חדיק Pr 14:32 a righteous man in his death seeketh refuge (in Yahweh), בשׁם י׳ Zp 3:12, בחל כנפיךָ in the shadow of thy wings Ps 36:8, 57:2; בסתר כנפיךָ Ps 61:5, תחת כנפיו under his wings Ps 91:4 = Ru 2:12.
† חֹסָה
1. n.pr.m. (refuge)—name of one of the Levitical doorkeepers of the temple 1 Ch 16:38, 26:10, 26:11, 26:16.
2. n.pr.loc. place in the tribe of Asher Jos 19:29; site unknown; LXX Ιασιφ, A Σουσα, LXXL Ωσα.
† חָסוּת n.f. refuge;—וְהֶחָסוּת בְּחֵל מִחְרַיִם Is 30:3 (‖מָעוֹז פַּרְעֹה).
† מַחְסֶּה n.m.:Pr 14:26 refuge, shelter;—abs. מַ׳ Jb 24:8 + 5 t.; מַחֲסֶה Ps 46:2 + 2 t.; cstr. מַחְסֵּה Is 28:17; sf. מַחְסִּי Ps 62:8 + 5 t.; מַחֲסִי Ps 71:7, Je 17:17, מַחְסֵּהוּ Ps 14:6, מַחְסֵּנוּ Is 28:15; —shelter: a. from rain and storm Is 4:6, 25:4, Jb 24:8. b. from danger סְלָעִים מַחְסֶּה לַשְׁפַנִּים rocks a refuge for conies Ps 104:18; מחסה כזב refuge of falsehood Is 28:17; כזב מחסנוּ falsehood our refuge Is 28:15; elsewhere of God as the refuge of his people Ps 14:6, 46:2, 61:4, 62:8, 62:9, 71:7, 73:28, 91:2, 91:9, 94:22, 142:6, Pr 14:26, Je 17:17, Jo 4:16.
† מַחְסֵיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ is a refuge) ancestor of Baruch and Seraiah Je 32:12 (Baer מַחֲס׳) 51:59.
† [חָסַל] vb. finish off, consume (Aram. חֲסַל come to an end, Aph. bring to an end)—Qal Impf. יַחְסְלֶנּוּ הָאַרְבֶּה Dt 28:38 of locusts destroying crops.
† חָסִיל n.m. a kind of locust (sg. coll.) alw. abs. ח׳, and alw. as destructive; 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, Ps 78:46 (all ‖אַרְבֶּה), Jo 1:4, 2:25 (‖יָ֑לֶק, אַרְבֶּה, גָּזָם); cf. אֹסֶף הֶחָ׳ Is 33:4 the gathering of the locust, in sim. of despoiling of Assyria (‖גֵּבִים).
† [חָסַם] vb. stop up, muzzle (NH id., חסום muzzle; Aram. חֲסַם bind up fast)—Qal Impf. לאֹ תַחְסֹם שׁוֹר בְּדִישׁוֹ Dt 25:4 thou shalt not muzzle an ox when it is treading (i.e. threshing); Pt. וְחֹסֶמֶת היא Ez 39:11 and it shall stop (the way of) the passers-by; but rd. וְחָֽסְמוּ את־הַגַּיְא and they shall stop up the valley, Co v. LXX Syrver Hi.
† מַחְסוֹם n.m. muzzle, אֶשְׁמְרָה־לְפִי מ׳ Ps 39:2 let me keep a muzzle for my mouth, to avoid (hasty and) erring speech.
חסן (√ of foll.; Aram. חֲסַן, ܚܣܶܢ, ܚܣܶܢ, be strong, also take possession of, חָסִין, ܚܣܺܝܢ strong, etc.; Ar. خَسُنَ be rough, hard, coarse).
† חֹ֫סֶן n.m.:Pr 15:6 wealth, treasure (on relation to √ mng. cf. חַיִל)—ח׳ abs. Pr 15:6 + 2 t.; cstr. Is 33:6, Je 20:5; —wealth, treasure, of individuals Pr 15:6 (רַב ח׳, opp. נֶעְכָָּרֶת), Pr 27:24 (‖נֵזֶר), Ez 22:25 (‖יְקָר); of city הָעִיר הַזּאֹת ח׳ Je 20:5 (‖יְגִיעַ, יְקָר, אוֹחָרוֹת); in transf. sense יְשׁוּעֹת ח׳, wealth (or abundance VB) of salvations, הִיא אוֹחָרוֹ חָכְמַת וָדָָעַת יִרְאַת י׳ יְשׁ׳ ח׳ Is 33:6 and stability of thy times shall be abundance of salvations (help, deliverances), etc.
† חָסֹן adj. strong, of the Amorite Am 2:9 (כָּאַלּוֹנִים ח׳, strong as the oaks); הֶחָסוֹן as subst. the strong one Is 1:31.
† חֲסִין adj. strong, mighty (Aramaism);—only מִי־כָמוֹךָ חֲסִין יָהּ Ps 89:9.
† [חַסְפַּס] vb. only Pt. pass. (scaled off) scale-like (appar. redupl. fr. חסף for חספסף, v. Ew:§ 158 c Ol:§§ 214, 276 Ges:§ 55, 6 Sta:§ 291; Kö:i, 250 thinks euphon. for מְחֻסְפָּף; to be comp. are Ar. خَشِفَ, have scab, itch (Frey; but ش = ס ?); Aram. חַסְפָּא potsherd, חַסְפְּנִיתָא scale (of fish), scurf; Eth. xa3afa: scabiosus fuit Di:587 and Ex 16:14)—hence מְחֻסְפָּס scaled off, scale-like as Syrver Targum Thes RobGes MV SS VB;—of the manna דַּק מְחֻסְפָּ֔ס דַּק כַּכְּפֹר Ex 16:14 a fine, scale-like thing, fine as the hoar-frost.
† חָסֵר vb. lack, need, be lacking, decrease (v. Lag:BN 143; NH חִסֵּר cause to lack or fail, diminish (act.), and deriv.; Aram. חֲסַר, ܚܣܰܪ, want, lack, and deriv., cf. Ph. מחסר, v. מחסור infr.; Ar. حَسَرَ remove, strip off; disappear, retire (of water), fail (of sight), etc.; perh. also Eth. xasra: be inferior, worthless, diminished Di:590 and deriv.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ 1 K 17:16; 2 ms. חָסַרְתָּ Dt 2:7; 3 pl. חָסֵָרוּ Ne 9:21; 1 pl. חָסַרְנוּ Je 44:18; Impf. יֶחְסַר Dt 15:8 + 2 t.; יֶחְסָָר Pr 31:11, Ec 9:8; 3 fs. תֶּחְסָָר 1 K 17:14, Pr 13:25; 2 ms. תֶּחְסַר Dt 8:9; 1 s. תֶּחְסָָר Ps 23:1; pl. יַחְסְרוּ Ps 34:11, Ez 4:17; וַיַּחְסְרוּ Gn 8:3; יַחְסְרוּן Gn 18:28; Inf. cstr. חֲסַר Pr 10:21 Ew:§ 238 a, cf. Ges:§ 45. 1 a; abs. חָסוֹר Gn 8:5; Pt. חָסֵר 1 K 11:22, Ec 10:3 (v. חָסֵר infr.);—
1. lack: a. c. acc. Gn 18:28 (J) perchance the fifty righteous lack five, Dt 2:7 thou hast not lacked anything, 8:9, Je 44:18, 1 K 11:22, Ez 4:17, Ps 34:11, Pr 31:11, cf. also בַּחֲסַ־לֵב Pr 10:21 by lacking intelligence (sense), (Di puts here Dt 15:8, v. infr.) b. abs. be in want, want Ps 23:1, Pr 13:25, Ne 9:21.
2. be lacking, לוֹ מַחְסֹרוֹ אֲשֶׁר יֶח׳ Dt 15:8 his lack (i.e. thing needed), which is lacking to him (possible also is, which he lacks for himself, so Di, v. supr.); עַל־רֹאְשְׁךָ אַל־יֶח׳ Ec 9:8 oil on thy head let it not be lacking; v. also abs. Is 51:14, Ct 7:3, and לִבּוֹ חָסֵר Ec 10:3 his sense is lacking; of jar of oil 1 K 17:14, 17:16 (abs.) by meton. for the oil itself (cf. ‖כלה be consumed, exhausted).
3. diminish, decrease, of waters Gn 8:3 (P), cf. הָלוֹךְ וְחָסוֹר v:5 (P), waters continually diminished (v. הלך supr. p. 233:b). Pi. cause to lack, c. acc. pers., Impf. 2 ms. sf. וַתְּחַסְּרֵהוּ מעט מֵאֱלהים Ps 8:6 and thou didst make him lack little of God; Pt. וּמְחַסֵּר את־נפשׁי מִטּוֹבָה Ec 4:8 for whom am I labouring and depriving myself of good things? Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱסִיר Ex 16:18; Impf. יַחְסִיר Is 32:6; —cause to be lacking, fail, c. acc. rei מַשְׁקֵה חָמֵא יַח׳ Is 32:6; the drink of the thirsty he causeth to fail (‖לְהָרִיק נפשׁ רָעֵב); abs. Ex 16:18 (P), he that gathered little caused no lack.
† חֶ֫סֶר n.m.:Pr 28:22 want, poverty—alw. abs.; יְבֹאֶנּוּ ח׳ Pr 28:22 want shall come to him; ‖כָּפָן hunger Jb 30:3.
† חֹ֫סֶר n.[m.] want, lack (Lag:BN 144)—only cstr. לֶחֶם ח׳ Am 4:6; כֹּל ח׳ Dt 28:48, 28:57.
† חָסֵר adj. needy, lacking, in want of—ח׳ abs. Ec 6:2; cstr. חֲסַר 1 S 21:16 + 13 t.;—needy, in want of משׁגעיים אני ח׳ 1 S 21:16 am I in want of madmen? 2 S 3:29 in need of bread, so Pr 12:9; usu. חֲסַר־לֵב lacking understanding, sense Pr 6:32, 7:7, 9:4, 9:16, 10:13, 11:12, 12:11, 15:21; ־לֵבאָדָם ח׳ Pr 17:18, 24:30; תְּבוּנוֹת נָּגִיד ח׳ Pr 28:16; אֵינֶנּוּ חָסֵר לְנַפְשׁוֹ מִכֹּל וג׳ Ec 6:2 neither is he lacking for his soul in aught of (מן part.) all that he desireth.
† חַסְרָה n.pr.m. grandfather of Shallum who was husband of Huldah the prophetess (LXX A Εσσερη, LXXL Ασερ) = חַרְחַס 2 K 22:14 (LXX Αραας, LXXL Αδρα).
† חֶסְרוֹן n.m. thing lacking, deficiency (Lag:BN 198)—only לאֹ־יוּכַל לְהִמָּנוֹת ח׳ Ec 1:15 what is lacking cannot be counted.
† מַחְסוֹר, מַחְסֹר n.[m.] need, thing needed, poverty;—מ׳ abs. Pr 11:24 + 6 t.; cstr. Ju 18:10, 19:19; sf. מַחְסוֹרְךָ Ju 19:20; מַחְסרְךָ Pr 6:11; מַחְסֹרוֹ Dt 15:8; pl. sf. מַחְסֹרֶיךָ Pr 24:34; —
1. need = thing needed דֵּי מַחְסֹרוֹ Dt 15:8 enough for his need (sq. אשׁר יֶחְסַר לוֹ, cf. חָסֵר vb.); עָלָָי כָּל־מ׳ Ju 19:20 all thy need be upon me (for me to provide).
2. lack, want כָּל־דָּבָר אֵין מ׳ Ju 18:10 no lack of anything, 19:19, Ps 34:10.
3. in gen., need, poverty Pr 6:11 (‖רֵאשׁ) = 24:34 (‖רֵישׁ), 11:24, 14:23, 21:5, 22:16, 28:27; אִישׁ מ׳ 21:17 a man of poverty.
חַף v. II. חפף. p. 342
† [חָפָא] vb. do secretly (prop. cover, = חפה, q.v.);—only Pi. Impf. דברים וַיְחַפְּאוּ and they did things secretly 2 K 17:9.
† [חָפָה] vb. cover (NH id., esp. Pi.; Aram. חֲפָא, ܚܦܳܐ (esp. Pa.); Ar. خَفِيَ be hidden, خَفَي hide)—Qal Pf. חָפוּ 2 S 15:30 + 3 t.; Pt. חָפוּי 2 S 15:30; cstr. חֲפוּי Est 6:12; —cover the head (ראֹשׁ), in token of grief 2 S 15:30, Je 14:3, 14:4; pt. agrees with ר׳ 2 S 15:30; חֲפוּי ראֹשׁ (‖אָבֵל ) Est 6:12; in token of sentence of death Est 7:8. Niph. Pt. f. נֶחְפָּה Ps 68:13 (כנפי יונה נ׳), c. בְּ of material. Pi. Pf. (late) חִפָּה 2 Ch 3:8, 3:9; Impf. וַיְחַף 2 Ch 3:7; sf. וַיְחַפֵּהוּ 2 Ch 3:5, 3:8; overlay sq. 2 acc. (one of material) 2 Ch 3:5, 3:5, 3:7, 3:8, 3:9.
I. חֻפָּה II. חֻפָּה v. sub חפף. below
† [חָפַז] vb. be in trepidation, hurry, or alarm (Ar. خَفَزَ hasten, incite, urge);—Qal Impf. יַחְפּוֹז Jb 40:23; תַּחְפְּזוּ Dt 20:3; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּחָפְזִי Ps 31:28, 116:11; בְּחָפְּזָהּ 2 S 4:4; בְּחָפְזָם 2 K 7:15 Qr (Kt הֵחָֽפְזֵם);—
1. be in a hurry or alarm, of hurried flight 2 S 4:4, 2 K 7:15; Inf. c. ב = noun, in my alarm Ps 31:23, 116:11; be alarmed Dt 20:3 (‖תיראו), Jb 40:23 (of hippopot.) Niph. Pf. נֶתְפָָּזוּ Ps 48:6 (‖נִבְהֲלוּ) hurry away in alarm; so Impf. יֵחָפֵזָוּן Ps 104:7 (‖יְּנוּסוּן); Inf. הֵחָֽפְזֵם 2 K 7:15 Kt v. supr.; Pt. נֶחְפָּז 1 S 23:26 hurried ללבת ויהי דוד נ׳ and David became hurried to go.
† חִפָּזוֹן n.[m.] trepidation, hurried flight (Lag:BN 200)—always בח׳ Ex 12:11 (P), Dt 16:3, Is 52:12 (‖מְנוּסָה).
† חֻפִּים v. sub חפף. below
חפן (√ of foll.; Ar. خَفَنَ take with both hands, خَفْنَةُ handful; NH חָפַן, Aram. חֲפַן fill the hands with).
† [חֹ֫פֶן] n.[m.] hollow of hand (NH חוֹפֶן, Aram. חָפְנִי, חוּפְנָא, ܚܽܘܦܢܳܐ; Eth. h.fn:—also Ar. حُفْنَةُ hollow in the ground; and, acc, to Zehnpfund:BAB i, 635, As. ḫupunnu, bowl, but ḫ = ح?)—only du. חָפְנַיִם Ec 4:6; cstr. חָפְנֵי Ez 10:7 (del. Co intern. grounds); sf. חָפְנֶיךָ Ez 10:2; חָפְנָיו Lv 16:2, Pr 30:4; חָפְנֵינֶם Ex 9:8; מַלֵּא ה׳ Ez 10:2 + v:7 (del. Co cf. supr.);—מְלאֹ ח׳ = handful Ex 9:8, Lv 16:12 (both P), Ec 4:6, material follows in implic. acc.; מי־אסךָ רוח בח׳ Pr 30:4.
† חָפְנִי n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr. חפן Hal:No 14)—one of Eli's two sons 1 S 1:3, 2:34, 4:4, 4:11, 4:17.
† I. [חָפַף] vb. enclose, surround, cover (Ar. حَفَّ, surround, حِفَافُ side, or border of a thing)—only Qal Pt. חֹפֵף עָלָיו Dt 33:12 (poem) he (י׳) is covering him over, fig. of י׳'s sheltering Benj. (in temple; on omission of subj. v. Ges:§ 116. 5. R. 3).
† חוֹף n.[m.] shore, coast (as surrounding, enclosing)—ח׳ only cstr. Gn 49:13, 49:13 + 5 t.:—shore of sea הַיָּם ה׳ Dt 1:7, Jos 9:1 (both D), Ju 5:17, Je 47:7, Ez 25:16; יַמִּים ח׳ Gn 49:13 (poem); ח׳ אֳנִיּוֹת v:13 the shore of ships, i.e. to which ships come.
† I. חֻפָּה n.f. canopy, chamber (as covering, enclosing)—abs. ח׳ Is 4:5; sf. תֻפָּתוֹ Ps 19:6; חֻפָּתָהּ Jo 2:16; —
1. canopy, על־בל־כּבוד ח׳ Is 4:5 over all glory a canopy (for protection).
2. chamber, of bridegroom Ps 19:6 (metaph. of sunrising); of bride Jo 2:16 (‖חֶדֶר of bridegroom).
† II. חֻפָּה n.pr.m. 1 Ch 24:13 priest of 13th course LXX Οφφα.
† חֻפִּים n.pr.m. a son of Benjamin Gn 46:21 (LXX Οφιμ(ε)ιν, Οφμειν), descendant of Benjamin 1 Ch 7:15 (LXX Αμφειν, Αφφειν, LXXL Οφερ), and so חֻפִם v:15; v. הוּפָּם.
II. חפף (NH חָפַף; Aram. חֲפַף ܚܳܦ, ܚܰܦ, all rub, cleanse, esp. the head).
† חַף adj. clean—only זַךְ אֲנִי בְּלִי֫ שפשַׁע חַף אָנֹכִָי Jb 33:9 I am pure, without transgression, I am clean (in speech of Elihu).
† חָפֵץ vb. delight in (cf. Ar. حَفِظَ be mindful of, attentive to, keep, protect, Aram. ܚܦܛ whence ܚܦܺܝܛ eager, zealous, Ar. حَفِيفَةُ anger (excitement), اَحْفَظَ enrage (Aram. and Ar. of excited attention, Heb. of delighted attention), Dl:Pr 168 Nö:ZMG 1886, 742; NH חֵפֶץ weakened to thing, v. De:Ec. Gloss., Ph. in n.pr. חפחבעל);—Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 34:19 + 28 t.; f. הָפֵָחָה Is 66:3; 2 m. חָפַחְתָּ Dt 21:14 + 4 t.; חָפָ֫חְנוּ Jb 21:14, etc., + 14 t. Pf.; Impf. יַחְפֹּץ Dt 25:7 + 7 t.; יֶחְפָָּץ Ps 37:23, 147:10; pl. יַחְפְּחוּ Is 13:17, Je 6:10; יֶחְפָָּחוּ Ps 68:31; יֶחְפָּחוּ֑ן Is 58:2, 58:2 etc. + 9 t. Impf.; Inf. abs. חָפֹץ Ez 18:23; on Pt. חָפֵץ = adj. verb., v. infr.;—
1. of men: a. take pleasure in, delight in, c. בְּ, a woman Gn 34:19 (J), Dt 21:14, Est 2:14; a man 1 S 18:22, 19:1, 2 S 20:11; in matters and things 2 S 24:3, Is 13:17, 66:3, Je 6:10, Ps 109:17, 112:1, 119:35, Pr 18:2, Est 6:6, 6:7, 6:9, 6:9, 6:11; c. acc. Ps 68:31, Is 58:2, Ec 8:3; implic. obj. Ps 73:25. b. delight, desire, be pleased to do a thing, would do it Dt 25:7, 25:8, 1 K 9:1, Est 6:6, Ru 3:13, Ps 40:9, Jb 9:3, 13:3, 21:14, 33:32, Is 58:2, Je 42:22. c. abs. עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָָּץ until it please (of love) Ct 2:7, 3:5, 8:4.
2. of God: a. delight in, have pleasure in, c. בְּ, persons Nu 14:8 (J), 2 S 15:26, 22:20 = Ps 18:20, 1 K 10:9 = 2 Ch 9:8, Ps 22:9, 41:12, Is 62:4; not in the strength of a horse Ps 147:10; in doing evil Mal 2:17; in the death of the sinner Ez 18:32, 33:11; but in mercy, justice, and righteousness Je 9:23; חפחתי (לא)בחר באשׁר Is 56:4, 65:12, 66:4; not with (acc.) the blood of bullocks Is 1:11; (ים )זבח ; Ps 40:7, 51:18, 51:21, or the death of the sinner Ez 18:23, 18:23; but with חסד Ho 6:6, Mi 7:18, אמת Ps 51:8; with the way of a man Ps 37:23; כל אשׁר חפץ Ps 115:3, 135:6, Pr 21:1; אשׁר חפץ Is 55:11, Jon 1:14. b. pleased to do a thing c. inf. Ju 13:23, 1 S 2:25, Is 53:10. c. with impf. subj. (Ges:§ 142 (3) c) חָפֵץ יגדיל תּורה י׳ Yahweh was pleased to magnify teaching Is 42:21.—On Jb 40:17 v. חָפַץ.
† חָפֵץ adj. verb. delighting in, having pleasure in;—ח׳ Ps 5:5 + 4 t.; pl. חֲפֵחִים Mal 3:1, Ne 1:11; cstr. חֲפֵחֵי Ps 35:27 + 2 t.; sf. חֶפְחֵיהֶם Ps 111:2; f. חֲפֵחָָה 1 Ch 28:9; —
1. of man, c. acc. Ps 34:13, 35:27, Mal 3:1; c. inf. Ne 1:11; abs. הֶחָפֵץ whosoever would 1 K 13:33; אם חפץ אתה if thou pleasest 1 K 21:6; נֶפֶשׁ חֲפֵחָה willing soul 1 Ch 28:9; pl. cstr. before nouns abs. Ps 35:22, 40:15 = 70:3; דְּרוּשִׁים לְכָל־חֶפְחֵיהֶם studied of all who take pleasure in them Ps 111:2.
2. of God, לאֹ אֵל־ חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע אַתָּה thou art not a God taking pleasure in wickedness Ps 5:5.
† חֵ֫פֶץ n.m.:Pr 3:15 delight, pleasure;—ח׳ Is 54:12 + 20 t.; sf. חֶפְחְךָ Is 58:13 etc. + 13 t. sfs.; pl. חֲפָחִים Pr 8:11; sf. חֲפָחֶיךָ Pr 3:15; חֲפָחֶ֖ךָ Is 58:13—
1. delight אבני ח׳ Is 54:12 delightful stones; אֶרֶץ ח׳ Mal 3:12 delightsome land; דִּבְּרֵי ח׳ Ec 12:10; so perhaps also בִּגְדֵי ח׳ Ez 27:20 garments of delight, i.e. of beauty and luxury (Gr; MT חֹפֶשׁ q.v.); c. בְּ of persons Ps 16:3, Ec 5:3, Mal 1:10; of things 1 S 15:22, 18:25, Ps 1:2, Jb 21:21, Ec 12:1; כְּלִי אֵין חֵפֶץ בּוֹ vessel wherein is no pleasure Je 22:28, 48:38, Ho 8:8; הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי Jb 22:3 is it a pleasure to Shadday that ?
2. desire, longing דלים מנע מח׳ Jb 31:16 withhold the poor from (their) desire; מְחוֹז חֶפְחָם the city of their desire Ps 107:30; כל חפץ all (one's) desire 2 S 23:5, 1 K 5:22, 5:23, 5:24, 9:11, 10:13 = 2 Ch 9:12; כל חפחים all things to be desired Pr 3:15, 8:11.
3. the good pleasure, will, purpose, of Yahweh Is 44:28, 46:10, 48:14.
4. that in which one takes delight, his business (late), or matter (very late, cf. in Mish. = thing) בְּיָדוֹ יִחְלַח חֵפֶץ י׳ the good pleasure (cause, business) of Yahweh will prosper in his hands Is 53:10; מחא ח׳ Is 58:3, 58:13; עֲשׂוֹת חֲפָחֶךָ doing thy affairs Is 58:13 (see De in loco); בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ in the business of her hands Pr 31:13; עֵתּ לְכָל־חֵפֶץ time for every matter, affair Ec 3:1, 3:17, 8:6; אַל־ תִּתְּמַהּ עַל־הַחֵפֶץ marvel not at the matter Ec 5:7.
Note.—חפץ is not used in any of its forms in E D:2 H P of the Hexateuch.
† חֶפְחִי־בָהּ n.pr.f. (my delight is in her; cf. Ph. חפחבעל)—
1. mother of king Manasseh 2 K 21:1.
2. fig. name of Zion Is 62:4, here expl. by כִּי חפץ יהוה בָּח for Yahweh delighteth in thee.
† [חָפַץ] vb. bend down (Ar. خَفَضَ lower, depress, as wings Qor 15:88)—only Qal Impf. יַחְפֹּץ זְנָבוֹ כְמוֹ־אֶרֶז Jb 40:17; he bendeth down (extendeth down stiffly) his tail like a cedar, v. Wetzst in De:Job 526 Hi:Hiob 299.
† I. חָפַר vb. dig, search for (Ar. حَفَرَ id.; Aram. חֲפַר, ܚܦܰܪ, id.; NH חֵפֶר act of digging)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Jb 39:29; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ Jb 11:18; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ה Dt 23:14; חָפַרְתִּי Gn 21:30; חָֽפְרוּ Gn 26:18 + 2 t.; חָפָָרוּ Gn 26:32; חֲפָרוּהָ Nu 21:18; Impf. וַיַּחְפֹּר Gn 26:18, 26:22; וַיַּחְפְּרֵהוּ Ps 7:16; וָאֶחְפֹּר Je 13:7; יַחְפְּרוּ Jb Jb 39:21 (but rd. יַחְפֹּר so LXX Vulgate SyrVer Di) Dt 1:22; וַיַּחְפְּרוּ Gn 26:19 + 2 t.; וַיַּחְפְּרֻהוּ Jb 3:21; Inf. cstr. לַחְפֹּר Jos 2:2, 2:3 + Is 2:20 (cf. infr.); Pt. חֹפֵר Ec 10:8; —
1. dig: a. a well, c. acc. בְּאֵר Gn 21:30 (E), 26:15, 26:18, 26:18, 26:19, 26:21, 26:22, 26:32 (J), Nu 21:18 (E); cf. Ex 7:24 (E); dig (a hole, implied as obj.) Dt 23:14; a pit, with hostile purpose, as snare or trap, fig. of malicious plan, c. acc. בּוֹר Ps 7:16 (‖כָּרָה); so c. acc. גומץ Ec 10:8, cf. [שַׁחַת]לְנַפְשִׁי ח׳ Ps 35:7; of horse, dig, i.e. paw the ground, יַחְפֹּר בָּעֵמֶק Jb 39:21 (so rd., v. supr.) he paweth in the valley (cf. Ar. حَافِرُ hoof). b. dig for something hidden, c. acc. Jb 3:21 (fig. of longing for death), Je 13:7 (no obj. expr.)
2. search, search out, explore, c. acc. הָאָרֶץ Jos 2:3, 2:3 (JE), Dt 1:22; of eagle, search for food, c. acc. אֹכֶל ח׳ Jb 39:29, with esp. reference to keen vision (‖מֵרָחוֹק עֵינָיו יַבִּיטוּ); so = search or look carefully about before going to rest Jb 11:18 (no obj.).—לַחְפֹּר Is 2:20 v. חֲפַרְפָּרָה infr.
† I. חֵ֫פֶר n.pr.m. 1. a Manassite Nu 26:32, 26:33, 27:1 Jos 17:2, 17:3, LXX Οφερ. 2. a man of Judah 1 Ch 4:6; LXX Ηφαλ, LXXL Αφερ. 3. one of David's heroes, acc. to 1 Ch 11:36 (but on txt. v. Be VB and Dr 2 S 23:36).
† חֶפְרִי adj. gent. of I. חֵפֶר a; only c. art. as n.pr. coll. הַח׳ Nu 26:32.
† II. חֵ֫פֶר n.pr.loc. 1. Canaanitish town, with a king, named just before Aphek Jos 12:17, exact site unknown. 2. 1 K 4:10 in Judah (ארץ ח׳);—on גִּ֫תָּה ח׳ Jos 19:13, גַּת הַח׳ 2 K 14:25, v. גַּת sub יגן.
† חֲפָרַיִם n.pr.loc. in Issachar Jos 19:19, LXX Αγειν, A Αφεραειμ, LXXL Αμφαραιμ; = Egypt. Ḥa-pu-ru-m-â WMM:Asien, 170; site dub.; 6 m. N. of Legio acc. to Lag:Onom. 223, 2nd ed. 241.
† [חֲפַרְפָּרָה] n.f. mole (as digger)—only Is 2:20, rd. לַחֲפַרְפָּרוֹת (MT לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת, meaning obscure, v. conject. in Thes Ges:Comm. Di).
† II. [חָפֵר] vb. be abashed, ashamed (Targum חֲפַר Pr 13:5, מַחְפְּרָנָא one causing shame Pr 19:26; Syr. ܚܦܰܪ, esp. Aph. be ashamed, put to shame; Ar. خَفَرَ be bashful, خَفِرُ shy, bashful; Eth. xafara: be ashamed, blush)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָֽפְרָה Je 50:12; וְחָֽפְרָה consec. Is 24:23; וְחָפֵָרָה Je 15:9; חָֽפְרוּ Ps 71:24; וְחָֽפְרוּ consec. Mi 3:7; Impf. יַחְפְּרוּ Ps 35:4 + 4 t.; יֶחְפָָּרוּ Ps 34:6; וַיֶּחְפָָּרוּ Jb 6:20; תַּחְפְּרוּ Is 1:29; —be abashed, ashamed, said of face Ps 34:6 (avoided by looking to י׳); elsewhere always ‖בּוֹשׁ, of enemies of righteousness Ps 71:24, 35:4, 35:26, 40:15 = 70:3, 83:18; of idolaters Is 1:29; diviners Mi 3:7; of distressed Jerusalem Je 15:9; so of Babylon 50:12; of moon Is 24:33; be put to shame (disappointment), of caravans looking for water Jb 6:20. Hiph. Pf. הֶחְפִּיר Is 33:9; Impf. יַחְפִּיר Pr 13:5; תַּחְפִּ֫ירִי Is 54:4; Pt. מַחְפִּיר Pr 19:26; —display shame, fig. of Lebanon Is 33:9 (‖קָמַָל ‘ dried up ’ Che); of Israel is 54:4 (‖בּוֹשׁ Qal); of an unfilial son, cause shame Pr 19:26 (‖מֵבִישׁ); cf. Pr 13:5 of wicked (‖יבאישׁ: v. באשׁ Hiph. supr. p. 93).
† חָפְרַע n.pr.m. Apries, reigned in Egypt alone, B.C. 589 – 570 and with Amasis 570–564; named as מֶלֶח־מִחְרַיִם פַּרְעֹה ח׳ Je 44:30 Pharaoh Hophraï king of Egypt (v. פַּרְעֹה); 4th king of 26th dynasty; LXX Οὐαφρη; Manetho Οὔαφρις; Egypt. Monum. Uaḥ-ȧbra, Wiedemann:Ägypt. Gesch. 602, 636 ff.; Gesch. Ägypt. 163 ff.; GK. ̓Απρίης Herodot.:ii. 161 etc. (v. Wied:Herodot's 2tes Buch, 569), Diodor:i. 68; ̓Απρίας Ctesias (Athen. 13:560).
חֲפַרְפָּרֶה v. sub I. חפר. above
† [חָפַשׂ] vb. search (Targum:Jer חֲפַס dig, seek; Pal. Syr. dig (Schw); perh. As. êppêšu, êtpêšu, sensible, Lyon:Sargontexte 65)—Qal Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּחְפְּשֶׂ֫נָּה Pr 2:4; יַחְפְּשׂוּ Ps 64:7; נַחְפְּשָׂה La 3:40; Pt. חֹפֵשׂ Pr 20:27; —search, search out, fig.;
1. search for, obj. בִּינָה etc. Pr 2:4 (‖בקשׁ).
2. = think out, devise, c. acc. עולות unjust acts Ps 64:7 (cf. also sub. Pu.)
3. search = test, La 3:40 (obj. דרכינו; ‖חקר), Pr 20:27. Niph. Pf. נַחְפְּשׁוּ Ob:6 subj. עֵשָׂו coll.; searched out = exposed and plundered (‖נִבְעוּ מַחְפּוּנָיו). Pi. Pf. וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֫י 1 S 23:23; וְחִפְּשׂוּ 1 K 20:6; Impf. וַיְחַפֵּשׂ Gn 31:35 + 2 t.; אֲחַפֵּשׂ Am 9:3, Zp 1:12; Imv. חַפְּשׂוּ 2 K 10:23; —1. search through, c. acc., a house 1 K 20:6, Jerusalem (metaph.) Zp 1:12; no obj. expr. 2 K 10:23. 2. search for: a. a person c. acc. 1 S 23:23. b. a thing, c. acc. Gn 44:12 (J; Joseph searching for his cup); Gn 31:35 (E; no obj. expr., Laban looking for his teraphim); Am 9:3 (י׳ searching for evildoers), Ps 77:7 (soul searching to understand י׳'s dealings with his servants). Pu. Impf. יְחֻפַּשׂ Pr 28:12 be searched for = be hidden; Pt. מְחֻפָּשׂ Ps 64:7 in חֵפֶשׂ מ׳ = a searched out search, i.e. a device well thought out (cf. Che; ‖ Qal q.v.); v. also חֵ֫פֶשׂ. Hithp. Pf. הִתְחַפֵּשׂ 2 Ch 35:22 (but LXX הִתְחַזֵּק, cf. also Vulgate SyrVer 3 Esdr 1:26, so Be Öt); Impf. יִתְחַפֵּשׂ Jb 30:18; וַיִּתְחַפֵּשׂ 1 S 28:8 + 3 t.; Inf. abs. הִתְחַפֵּשׂ 1 K 22:30 = 2 Ch 18:29; —disguise oneself (lit. let oneself be searched for) 1 S 28:8, 1 K 22:30, 22:30 = 2 Ch 18:29, 18:29, 2 Ch 35:22 (but v. supr.), all of disguise by change of garments; 1 K 20:38 באפר i.e. with headgear over eyes; subj. לבושׂ Jb 30:18, i.e. his garment is disguised, no longer looks like the mantle it is.
† חֵ֫פֶשׂ n.[m.] a (shrewd) device, plot, only in מְחֻפָּשׂ תָּֽמְנוּ ח׳ Ps 64:7 (cf. חָפַשׂ supr.)
† [חָפַשׁ] vb. be free—only Pu. Pf. 3 fs. כִּי לאֹ חֻפָָּשָׁה Lv 19:20 (H), because she was not freed (a freed-woman).
† חֹ֫פֶשׁ n.[m.] very dub.; only בִּגְדֵי־תֹ֫פֶשׁ לְרִכְבָּה Ez 27:20 wide-spread (?) garments for riding, i.e. saddle-cloths, acc. to Thes Sm Co Da al.; but mng. spread for √ purely conject.; Gr suggests, plausibly, חֵ֫פֶץ (q.v.)
† חֻפְַשָׁה n.f. freedom, only לא נִתַּן־לָהּ ח׳ Lv 19:20 (H) freedom had not been given to her.
† חָפְשִׁי adj. free (NH id.)—ח׳ Ex 21:5 + 10 t. + Ps 88:6; pl. חָפְשִׁים Is 58:6 + 4 t.—
1. free from slavery: of Hebrew bondslave (male or female) set free in 7th year Ex 21:2, 21:5 (JE), Dt 15:12, 15:13, 15:18, cf. Je 34:9, 34:10, 34:11, 34:14, 34:16; of slave (male or female) set free on account of injury done Ex 21:26, 21:27 (JE); מֵאֲדֹנָיו עֶבֶד ח׳ Jb 3:19 a slave is free from his master (i.e. in She’ôl); but בַּמֵּתִים חָפְשִׁי Ps 88:6 among the dead I am free (i.e. adrift, cut off from Yahweh's remembrance); more gen., שַׁלַּח רְחוּחִים חָפְשִׁים Is 58:6 to let oppressed ones go free.
2. free from taxes, obligations, etc. אֵת בֵּית אָבִיו יַעֲשֶׂה חָפְשִׁי בְּיְשְׂרָאֵל 1 S 17:25 his father's house will he make free in Israel.
† חָפְשִׁית, חפשׁות n.f. freedom, separateness, only בֵּית הַחָפְשִׁית 2 K 15:5 = 2 Ch 26:21 Qr (Kt החפשׁות) i.e. (si vera 1.) a separate house—a house apart (on account of his disease).
חֵץ v. sub חחץ. p. 346
† [חָחַב]חָחֵב vb. hew, hew out, cleave (NH id., Aram. חֲחַב; SI:4. 6 pt. pl. החחבם; cf. Ph. מחחב = Heb. id.)—Qal Pf. חָחֵכ Is 5:2; חָֽחְבָה Pr 9:1; חָחַבְתִּי Ho 6:5, etc.; Impf. וַיַּחְחֹב 2 Ch 26:10; 2 ms. תַּחְחֹב Dt 8:9; Inf. cstr. לַחְחֹב Je 2:13; לַחְחוֹב 1 Ch 22:2; Pt. act. חֹחֵב Is 10:15 + 4 t.; cstr. חֹחְבִי Is 22:16; חֹחְבִים 1 Ch 22:2 + 3 t.; חֹחְבֵי 2 K 12:13; pass. חֲחוּבִים Dt 6:11, Ne 9:25; —
1. hew out, (dig), wine-vat יֶקֶב Is 5:2; sepulchre (קֶבֶר) Is 22:16, 22:16; cisterns בֹּרוֹת Dt 6:11, 6:11, 2 Ch 26:10, Ne 9:25, cf. Je 2:13; of mining נחשׁת מהרריה תַּת׳ Dt 8:9 out of its mountains thou mayst hew out copper.
2. a. hew stone 1 Ch 22:2; metaph. of pillars Pr 9:1 (subj. wisdom); elsewhere pt., hewer of stone 2 K 12:13, 1 Ch 22:2, 22:15 (v. SI:4.6 supr.); prob. 1 K 5:29, 2 Ch 2:1, 2:17 (בָּהָרח׳ v. Be), cf. 24:12, Ezr 3:7. b. appar. hew wood Is 10:15 בוֹ ח׳ (i.e. בְּגַרְזֶן).
3. metaph. hew in pieces Ho 6:5 fig. of י׳ attacking people by agency of prophets (‖הֲרַגְתִּים); divide, cleave subj. י׳'s voice Ps 29:7 obj. להבות אשׁ, i.e. the thunder of his voice sends forked lightnings (but on txt. cf. Che and crit. n.) Niph. Impf. יֵחָחְבוּן be cut, hewn, graven (words on rock) Jb 19:24. Pu. Pf. חֻצַּבְתֶּם Is 51:1 fig., hewn out of rock (of Isr.'s origin; ‖נֻקַּר). Hiph. Pt. מַחֲחֶ֫בֶת Is 51:9 hew in pieces = Qal 3, fig. of destroying רהב = Egypt (cf. Ps 89:11).
† מַחְחֵב n.[m.] hewing, alw. אַבְנֵי מ׳ = hewn stones 2 K 12:13, 22:6 = 2 Ch 34:11 (in all ‖עֵחִים).
† חָחָה vb. divide (NH id.; Ar. حَظِيَ is be fortunate, happy with one's husband or wife, etc., i.e. have a share in happiness; حَظْوَةُ a small arrow; Di:134 puts here Eth. has’u: arrow, cf. חֵחִי)—Qal Pf. חָחָה Nu 31:42; וְחָחִיתָ consec. Nu 31:27; וְחָחוּ consec. Ex 21:35; Impf. יֶחֱחֶה Is 30:28; וַיַּ֫חַץ Gn 32:8 + 2 t.; וַיֶּחֱחֵם Ju 9:43; יֶחֱחוּ Ps 55:24; יֶחֱחוּן Ex 21:35; יֶחֱחוּהוּ Jb 40:30; —
1. divide, sq. כסף Ex 21:35; שׁור v:35 (both JE), לִוְיָתָן crocodile Jb 40:30; prey, מלקוח, Nu 31:27 (P; c. לְ before parts); a company of people Gn 32:8 (sq. לְ as foreg.), 33:1 (both J) Ju 9:43 (לְ as foreg.) but cf. 7:16.
2. (appar. denom. fr. חֲחִי) Ps 55:24 מיהם לא יח׳ shall not halve their days, i.e. enjoy even half of the normal number; Is 30:28 עד חואר יח׳ shall halve unto the neck = shall reach to the neck and so divide the man in half. Niph. Impf. 3 fs. apoc. תֵּחָץ Dn 11:4 be divided (of kingdom), sq. לְ; ולא יֵחָ֫חוּ עוד לשׁני גוים Ez 37:22 (Judah and Isr.); waters of Jordan 2 K 2:8, 2:14.
† [חָחוֹת] n.f. (Inf. form.) division, middle—only cstr. חֲחֹת הַלַּיְלָה Ex 11:4 (J) = midnight; חֲחוֹת לַיְלָה Jb 34:20, Ps 119:62; in all = adverb. phr. of time (בְּ om.)
חֲחִי:123 n.m.:Nu 12:12 half (NH id.; Ph. חחי; on format. v. Lag:BN 113)—abs. חֲחִי 1 K 3:25, 3:25 + 3 t.; הַחֵָחִי 1 K 10:7, cf. 16:21; וָחֵ֔חִי Ez 40:42; וָחֵחִי Dn 12:7 + 13 t. (usu. c. Pashta or Tiphcha), cf. בַּחֵ֖חִי 2 S 10:4, 1 Ch 19:4; cstr. חֲחִי Ex 12:29 + 84 t.; sf. חֶחְיוֹ Ex 38:4 + 7 t. + Jos 8:33 וְהַחֶחְיוֹ (but art. suspicious. v. Ges:§ 127 R 3, 4); חֶחְיָהּ Ne 3:38; חֶחְיֵנוּ 2 S 18:3; חֶחְיָם Zc 14:8, 14:8 + 2 t.—
1. half of anything:—blood of offering Ex 24:6, 24:6 (JE), beard 2 S 10:4, a hin Nu 15:9, 15:10, 28:14 (P); curtain Ex 26:12 (P); week השׁבוע ח׳ Dn 9:27 etc.; אַמָּה ח׳ half a cubit Ex 26:16, 36:21 (P) +; esp. שׁבט ח׳ half a tribe Nu 32:33, 34:13, 34:14, 34:15 (P) +; half of people 2 S 18:3, 19:41, 1 K 16:21, 16:21, 16:21 +, etc. so הַמְּנֻחוֹת ח׳ 1 Ch 2:52 and הַמָּנַחְתִּי ח׳ v:54 (v. Be and מָנַחַת sub נוח).—On כבחחי 1 S 14:4 v. We Dr.
2. middle הלילה ח׳ Ex 12:29 (J) midnight, so Ju 16:3, 16:3, Ru 3:8; of garments 2 S 10:4, 1 Ch 19:4; altar Ex 27:5; of the Mt. of Olives Zc 14:4; יָמַי ח׳ Ps 102:25 the midst of my days (when they are but half done), Je 17:11.
חֲחִי הַמְּנֻחוֹת 1 Ch 2:52, and חֲחִי הַמָּנַחְתִּי v:54, v. מָנַהַת sub נוח. p. 630
† חֵ֫חִי n.m.:2 K 9:24 arrow (cf. Ar. حُظوَةُ, Eth. h.as’u: id., Di:134, and v. Dr on 1 S 20:36)—abs. הַחֵ֫חִי 1 S 20:36, 20:37, 20:37 + v:38 Kt (Qr הַחִצִּים), perh. also v:21, v:22 (so LXX We, for MT pl. הַחִצִּים), 2 K 9:24; the usual form is חֵץ; v. infr.
† יַחְחְאֵל, יַחְחִיאֵל n.pr.m. (God divideth, apportioneth)—son of Naphtali; יַחְחְ׳ Gn 46:24 (LXX Ασιηλ, LXXL Ιασνηλ), Nu 26:48 (Σαηλ, Ασιηλ) = יַחֲחִי׳ 1 Ch 7:13 (Ιεισιηλ, LXXL Ιασσιηλ).
† יַחְחְאֵלִי adj.gent. of foregoing; only c. art. as n.pr.coll., Nu 26:48.
† מֶחֱחָה n.f. half, of spoils;—abs. מֶחֱחָה Nu 31:36; cstr. מֶחֱחַת Nu 31:43 (both P).
† מַחֲחִית n.f. half, middle—cstr. מַחֲחִית Ex 30:13, 30:13 + 8 t.; מַחֲחִת Nu 31:30, 31:47; sf. מַחֲחִיתוֹ Ex 30:23, מַחֲחִיתָהּ Lv 6:13, 6:13, מַחֲחִיתָם Nu 31:29—
1. half of a shekel Ex 30:13, 30:13, 30:15 cf. v:23, 38:26; the flour for offering Lv 6:13, 6:13, of spoils Nu 31:29, 31:30, 31:42, 31:47; of tribe Jos 21:25 (all P), 1 Ch 6:46, 6:55; of chariots 1 K 16:9.
2. middle היּוֹם מ׳ = midday, noon Ne 8:3 (cf. midnight, חָחוֹת, חֲחִי 2). p. 345
חחן (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; denom. seem to be Ar. حَضَنَ, Eth. h.ad.ana: carry in the arms or bosom, rear, foster; perhaps also As. êṣênu, bring together, also drink or draw in sweet odours Flood Tablet:iii, 49 Hpt in KAT:2 Gloss i).
† [חֵ֫חֶן] n.m. bosom of a garment (Ar. حِضْنُ, Eth.h.d.n: also Syr. ܚܰܢܳܐ bosom (= ܚܥܢܐ *), v. Hoffm:ZMG 1878, 753 Lag:M ii. 361 ff.; BN 46 f.; on this word and foll. v. Ba:NB 120; ZMG 1889, 183)—שֶׁלּאֹ מִלֵּא כַפּוֹ קוֹחֵר וְחִחְנוֹ מְעַמֵּר Ps 129:7 (grass) with which a reaper filleth not his hand, nor a binder his bosom.
† חֹ֫חֶן n.m. bosom;—חָחְנִי נָעַרְתִּי Ne 5:13 I shook out my bosom (the bosom of my garment); וְהֵבִיאוּ בָּנַיִח בְּחֹ֫חֶן Is 49:22 and they shall bring thy sons in the bosom (i.e. in the arms, clasped to the bosom, like infants; ‖עַל־כָּתֵף).
† חָחַץ vb. divide (NH makes a partition; As. ḫaṣâṣu, cut in two, Zim:BP 24 n.; Eth. h.as’as’a: curtail, diminish)—Qal Pt. חֹחֵץ intr. Pr 30:27 of locusts כלו ויחא ח׳; i.e. dividing (themselves) into companies or swarms. Pi. Pt. מְחַחְחִים v. II. חחץ. Pu. Pf. מספר חדשׁיו חֻצָָּחוּ Jb 21:21 the number of his months, they have been cut in two (fig. for curtailed).
† חָחָץ n.[m.] gravel (as divided, comminuted; Aram. חֲחִיחָא, ܚܨܳܨܳܐ)—only abs. ח׳ Pr 20:17, La 3:16 [חֲחָחֶיךָ Ps 77:18 v. חֵץ].—יְמַלֵּא־פִיהוּ ח׳ Pr 20:17 fig. of a liar; שִׁנָּ֑י וַיַּגְרֵס בח׳ La 3:16 and he hath crushed my teeth with gravel-stones, fig. of י׳'s dealings with sufferer.
† חֵץ n.m.:1 S 20:20 arrow, mostly poet. and proph. (cf. חֵחִי supr. sub חחה)—abs. ח׳ Ps 91:5 + 9 t. + 1 S 17:7 Kt (Qr עֵץ q.v.); cstr. id. 2 K 13:17, 13:17; sf. חִצִּי Jb 34:6, חִצּוֹ Ps 58:8, Zc 9:14, חִצָּם Ps 11:2, 64:4; Pl. חִצִּים Gn 49:23 + 17 t. + 1 S 20:38 Qr (Kt חֵ֫חִי q.v.) + 2 S 22:15 (< חִצָּיו ‖ Ps 18:15); cstr. חִצֵּת Jb 6:4, Ps 120:4 + Ez 5:16 (Co חִצַּי cf. LXX SyrVer Hi); חִצַּי Dt 32:23, 32:42 (Ez 5:16 v. supr.), חִצֶּיךָ Ps 38:3 + 4 t.; חִצָּיו Is 5:28 + 5 t.;—arrow:
1. lit., shot from bow by hand 1 S 20:20, 20:21, 20:21, 20:22 (LXX We sg., i.e. הַחֵחִי, in v:21, v:22, see also Dr) v:36, v:38 Qr 2 K 19:32 = Is 37:33, Is 5:28, 7:24, Je 50:9, 50:14, 51:11, Ez 39:3, 39:9, 1 Ch 12:2; shot from engine of war 2 Ch 26:15; used in divination Ez 21:26 cf. 2 K 13:15, 13:15, 13:17, 13:17, 13:18; בַּעֲלֵי חִצִּים = archers Gn 49:23.
2. fig. of Israel's weapons Nu 24:8, of the (Messianic) king Ps 45:6, of Yahweh's judgments Dt 32:23, 32:42, Jb 6:4 (cf. חִצִּי = my wound 34:6), Ps 7:14, 38:3, 58:8 (but on text cf. Che:crit. n.) 64:8, 120:4 (? cf. Che); further Pr 7:23, La 3:12, Ez 5:16; in theoph. Ps 18:15 = 2 S 22:15, cf. Hb 3:11, Zc 9:14, Ps 144:6; of wicked men's violence Ps 11:2 cf. 91:5, under fig. of lion's teeth Ps 57:5; their words Ps 64:4 cf. Pr 25:18, Je 9:8; simile, of strength and efficiency derived from one's children, Ps 127:4; of a deceiver's words Pr 26:18; metaph. of servant of בָּרוּר י׳ ח׳ Is 49:2.—In 1 S 17:7 rd. עֵץ (for חֵץ) as Qr and ‖ 2 S 21:19 = the shaft; v. עֵץ; so Klo Dr.
† חַחֲחֹן תָּמָר n.pr.loc. (ח׳ of the palm);—abode of Amorites Gn 14:7, LXX Ασασαν Θαμαρ; חַחֲחוֹן תָּמָר הִיא עֵין גֶּדִָי 2 Ch 20:2 base of operations for אֲרַם (rd. אֱדוֹם) ag. Judah (vid. Jos:Ant. ix, 1. 2); it was on W. side of Dead Sea (v. עֵין גֶּ֫דִי); see Rob:BR i, 500 – 509 Bd:Pal 143 GASm:Geogr. 269 ff.; Wady Ḥuṣāṣā (= חחחן ?) lies NW. fr. Engedi GASm:l. c. cf. Rob:BR i, 506 Bd:Pal 14 (map); GASm suggests also possibility of finding here תָּמָר 1 K 9:18 Kt (= תַּדְמֹר Qr and 2 Ch 8:4), Ez 47:19, 48:28 (v. תָּמָר n.pr.loc.)
† II. [חחץ] vb. denom. only Pi. Pt. מְחַחְחִים Ju 5:11 archers (> those dividing spoil, since no obj. expr. and חלק more suitable for such mng.)
חחחר, חֲחֹחְרָה v. IV. חחר. p. 348
I. חחר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. حَصَرَ encompass, surround; Eth. h.as’ara: surround, enclose by wall, etc.; h.as’ur: enclosure; NH חָחֵר court, Ph. חחר id., Syr. ܚܨܳܪܳܐ, id.)
I. חָחֵר:145 n.m.:Ez 40:23 and (oftener) f.:1 K 6:36 enclosure, court—abs. ח׳ 1 K 7:8 +, חָחֵרָה Je 36:20; cstr. חֲחַר Ex 27:9 +; sf. חֲחֵרוֹ 2 S 17:18; חֲחֵרוֹת Ex 8:9 + 4 t.; cstr. חַחְרֵי Ne 13:7, הַחְרוֹת 2 K 21:5 +10 t.; sf. חֲחֵרָָי Is 1:12, Zc 3:7; חֲחֵרֶיךָ Ps 65:5, 84:11; חֲחֵרוֹתָָי 1 Ch 28:6; חֲחֵרֹתָיו Ps 100:4, לְחַחְרוֹתָָיו Ps 96:8, וּבְחַחְרֹתֵיהֶם Ne 8:16; —
1. enclosures (in Egypt), perhaps court-yards, or cattle-yards, distinct from houses and from fields Ex 8:9 (J).
2. court of private house 2 S 17:l8 (containing well), cf. Ne 8:16; of a palace, חָחֵר הָאַחֶרֶת 1 K 7:8 the other court, immediately surrounding palace, so called in distinct. from הַגְּדוֹלָה ח׳(הֶ) v:9, v:12 the great court, including הא׳ ח׳ and הַפְּנִימִית הֶח׳ of temple (v. 3 b) in one great enclosure (v. Sta:Salomos Bauten, ZAW 1883. 152 f.); 2 K 20:4 (Qr Vrss The Kmp Klo al.; Kt Ke al. הָעִיר), Je 36:20, Est 1:5, 2:11, 4:11, 5:1, 5:2, 6:4, 6:4, 6:5; מַטָּרָה ח׳ court of guard, place of (honourable) confinement Je 32:2 (in king's house), v:8, v:12, 33:1, 37:21, 37:21, 38:6, 38:13, 38:28, 39:14, 39:15. Esp.
3. a. court of tabernacle חֲחַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן Ex 27:9, cf. v:9, v:12, v:13 + 24 t. Ex (all P; שַׁעַר הֶח׳ gate of the court Ex 35:17, 38:15, 38:18, 38:31, 39:40, 40:8, 40:33); Lv 6:9, 6:19, Nu 3:26, 3:26 (פֶּתַח הֶח׳), v:37, 4:26, 4:26 (פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הֶח׳), v:32; courts of house of י׳ 1 Ch 23:28. b. court(s) of Sol.'s temple, inner c. הַפְּנִימִית הֶח׳ 1 K 6:36, 7:12 (but on txt. v. Sta:l. c.) Ez 8:16, 10:3 cf. v:4; = upper c. הָעֶלְיוֹן הֶח׳ Je 36:10 (v. Gf), and הַכֹּהֲנִים ח׳ 2 Ch 4:9 (where also הָעֲזָרָה הַגְּדוֹלָה, as oft. Ezek., also דְּלָתוֹת לָעֲזָרָה); outer court הֶח׳ הַחִיחֹנָה Ez 10:5 = הַחֲדָשָׁה הֶח׳ 2 Ch 20:5; v. further 1 K 8:64 = 2 Ch 7:7, 2 Ch 24:21, 29:16, Je 19:14, 26:2, Ez 8:7; two courts 2 K 21:5 = 2 Ch 33:5, 2 K 23:12; courts Ez 9:7, 1 Ch 28:12, 2 Ch 23:5, Ne 8:1, 8:6, 13:7; oft. poet., courts of י׳ Is 1:12, 62:9 (קדשׁי ח׳), Zc 3:7, Ps 65:5, 84:3, 84:11, 96:8, 100:4, 116:19, 135:2 c. courts of Ezek.'s temple Ez 40:14 + 38 t. Ez 40–46 (of these rd. הַשַּׁעַר for החחר 40:19, 40:32 with LXX Hi Co; and החיחון for החחר 41:15 with LXX Ew Co).
II. חחר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. حَضَرَ be present, settle or dwell, v. Lag:BN 47 f.; Sab. חחַר fixed abode OS (Levy):ZMG l865, 185 CIS:iv, 1. 2, No. 79. 82).
II. [חָחֵר]:46 n.m.:Ne 11:25 settled abode, settlement, village (Lag:l. c.)—always pl., abs. חֲחֵרִים Jos 19:8 + 5 t.; cstr. חַחְרֵי 1 Ch 9:16, Ne 12:28; sf. חֲחֵרֶיהָ Jos 21:12 + 4 t.; חַחְרֵיהֶם 1 Ch 4:33 + 6 t.; חַחְרֵיהֶן Jos 13:23 + 24 t. Jos;—a. settlements of Ishmaelites Gn 25:16 (P; ‖טִירוֹת circles of tents); of עַוִּים Dt 2:23; of Kedar Is 42:11 (‖עָרִים); בָּתֵּי הַחֲחֵרִים אֲשֶׁר אֵין־לָהֶם חֹמָה סָבִיב Lv 25:31 (H), houses of the villages which have no wall about them; מַאֲרַב חֲחֵרִים Ps 10:8 lurking-place(s) of villages (i.e. where oppressor, as a wild beast, watches his opportunity to attack the defenceless). Usu. b. as dependencies of cities Jos 15:46, with בְּנֹתֶיהָ (v. supr. בַּת 4 p. 123) Jos 15:45, 15:47, 15:47 (all JE ?); אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֹת הֶעָרִים וְכָל־הַח׳ 19:8 (P), also 21:12 (P), = 1 Ch 6:41, Ne 12:29; also Jos 13:23, 13:28, 15:32 + 23 t. Jos (all P), Ne 11:25, 11:30 (‖בָּנוֹת v:25, v:27 etc.), 12:28. c. villages, not contrasted with cities (cf. Is 42:11 supr.) 1 Ch 9:16, 9:22, 9:25 (all of Levites). d. ח׳ appar. incl. all settlements outside of Jerusalem הַח׳ בִּשְׂדֹתָם Ne 11:25.—ח׳ in n.pr.loc. v. infr. (and see Bla on Jos 15:20 – 32).
† חֲחַר־אַדָּר n.pr.loc place on southern border of Canaan (Judah) Nu 34:4 LXX ἔπαυλις Αραδ; = חֶחְרוֹן (q.v.) Jos 15:3 (+ אַדָּ֫רָה) LXX Σαραδα, A LXXL Αδδαρα.
† חֲחַר גַּדָּה n.pr.loc. in southern Judah Jos 15:27 LXX Σερει, A LXXL Ασεργαδδα.
† חֲחַר סוּסָה, סוּסִים ח׳ n.pr.loc. (cf. Kefr Susê, ‘ Rossdorf, ’ close to Damascus on the south, Nö:ZMG, 1875, xxix. 476)—in Simeon סוסה ח׳ Jos 19:5 LXX Σαρσουσειμ, LXXL Ασαρσουσιν = סוסים ח׳ 1 Ch 4:31, LXX ̔Ημισυσεσοραμ, LXXL Ασερσουσι.
† חֲחַר עֵינוֹן, עֵינָן ח׳ n.pr.loc. on NE. border of Canaan Ez 47:17; חֲחַר עֵינָן 48:1 (Co in both חָחֵ֫רָךְ עֵינוֹן); עֵינָן ח׳ Nu 34:9, 34:10; where it is said (v:9) זֶה יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל חָפוֹן; LXX Αρσεναιειμ, LXXL Ασερναιν;—v. also חָחֵר הַתִּיכוֹן infr.
† חֲחַר שׁוּעָל n.pr.loc
1. place in southern Judah Jos 15:28 = 1 Ch 4:28, Ne 11:27
2. place in Simeon Jos 19:3.—LXX Αρσωλα, Ξολασεωλα, Ασαρσουλα, Ασαρσουαρ, etc.
† חָחֵר הַתִּיכוֹן n.pr.loc. Ez 47:16 LXX Sm Co חָחֵ֫רָה עינון (q.v.); it is described as אֲשֶׁר אֶל־גְּבוּל חַוְרָן; Wetzst:ZKW, 1884, v. 114 identif. with Ḥaḍar (حضَر) ‘ at the foot of the eastern corner of Hermon. ’
† חָחוֹר, חָחֹר n.pr.loc (Lag:BN 47 f.)—LXX Ασωρ, etc.;
1. a royal city of northern Canaan Jos 11:1 יָבִין מֶלֶח־ח׳, cf. 12:19, and Ju 4:2, 4:17, 1 S 12:9; Jos 11:10, 11:10, 11:11, 11:13, 19:36, 2 K 15:29; חָחֹר 1 K 9:15.
2. places in the Negeb: a. Jos 15:23. b. c. Jos 15:25 וחָחוֹר חֲדַתָּה וּקְרִיּוֹת חֶחְרוֹן הִיא חָחוֹר.
3. חָחוֹר Ne 11:33 a Benjamite town, prob. = בַּעַל חָחוֹר q.v.
4. מַמְלְכוֹת חָחוֹר אֲשֶׂר הִכָּה נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּו֯ר Je 49:28, cf. v:30, v:33, an Arabian locality, v. Winer:BW Hazor Gf Gie.—עֵין ח׳ Jos 19:37, v. sub עַיִן.
† חָחוֹר חֲדַתָּה n.pr.loc (si vera l. perhaps new Haṣôr, with Aram. ת in adj.)—Jos 15:25, v. חָחוֹר; in Negeb of Judah, site unknown.
† I. חָחִיר n.[m.] settled abode or haunt (‖ form of חָחֵר supr., or txt. err. for it);—נְוֵה תַנִּים חָחִיר לִבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Is 34:13 a dwelling of jackals (and) a hunt for ostriches; also בִּנְוֵת תַנִּים רִבְחָהּ חָחִיר לְקָנֶה וָגֹ֑מֶא 35:7 an abode, home, of reeds and rushes (so Che Di Du al.; others put this under II. חָחִיר); Che Du think the v. mutilated, and would emend this line acc. to 34:13.
† חֶחְרוֹ, חֶחְרַי (n.pr.m. cf. Sab. n.pr.m. חחַר DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 56)—one of David's heroes, called the Carmelite, חחרו 2 S 23:35 Kt (חֶחְרַי Qr; LXX Ασαραι) = חֶחְרוֹ 1 Ch 11:37 LXX Ησεραι, Ασαραι, Εσρει.
† חֶחְרוֹן, חֶחְרֹן n.pr.loc. et pers. (cf. Sab חחַרן n.pr.loc. vel. trib. Hal:No. 661 DHM:ZMG 1883,15)—
1. n.pr.loc. LXX Ασωρων, Ασερων, Εσρωμ: a. חֶחְרוֹן Jos 15:3 place in extreme south of Judah, + אַדָּ֫רָה = חֲחַר־אַדָּר (q.v.) Nu 34:4. b. קְרִיּוֹת חֶחְרוֹן הִיא חָחוֹר Jos 15:25 another town of Judah in south.
2. n.pr.m. LXX Ασρωμ(ν), Εσρων, etc.: a. חֶחְרֹן son of Reuben Gn 46:9, Ex 6:14, Nu 26:6 = חֶחְרוֹן 1 Ch 5:3. b. son of Pereṣ and grandson of Judah Gn 46:12, Nu 26:21 = חֶחְרוֹן Ru 4:18, 4:19, 1 Ch 2:5, 2:9, 2:18, 2:21, 2:24, 2:24, 2:25, 4:1.
† חֶחְרוֹנִי, חֶחְרֹנִי adj.gent. only c. art. as n. coll.
1. הַחחרוני Nu 26:6, of 2 a supr.
2. החחרני v:21, of 2 b supr.
† חֲחֵרוֹת, חֲחֵרֹת n.pr.loc. LXX Ασηρωθ, a station of Isr. in wilderness: חִַחֵרוֹת Nu 11:35, 11:35, 12:16 = חֲחֵרֹת 33:17, 33:18, Dt 1:1.
† חֲחַרְמָ֫וֶת n.pr.m. (Ar. حَضْرَمَوْت, Sab. חחַרמות, חחַרמת, Os:ZMG 1865, 289 ff. DHM:ZMG 1883, 18. 412)—a ‘ son ’ of יָקְטָן, 5th in order from Shem (שֵׁם, 1. אַרְפַּכְשַׁד; 2. שֶׁלַת; 3. עֵבֶר; 4. יָקְטָן; 5. ח׳ Gn 10:26 = 1 Ch 1:20, LXX Ασαρ(α)μωθ; = n.pr.terr. a district in southern Arabia, where dwelt the Ξατραμωτῖται (Strabo:xvi. 4. 2); mod. Ḥaḍramaut (or Ḥaḍramût, see Maltzan:ZMG 1871, 498 Mordt:ZMG 1876, 323, van d. Berg:p. 9, v. infr.) is same land, but not quite co-extensive; v. Di Gn 10:26, Ritter:Erdkunde xii (Arabien i) 609 ff., de Goeje:Ḥadhr. 1886, van den Berg:Ḥadhramout, 1886, Glaser:Skizze ii. 20, 428 ff. etc.; on its precise limits see esp. Ritter:611 ff, de Goeje:l. c. van d. Berg:ch. i.
III. חחר (√ of foll.; Ar. حَضِرَ be green).
† II. חָחִיר n.m.:Is 15:6 green grass, herbage, abs. חָחִיר Nu 11:5 + 16 t.; cstr. חֲחִיר Is 37:27 = 2 K 19:26, Ps 129:6; —
1. grass, as food for animals 1 K 18:5, Jb 40:15, Ps 104:14, 147:8, Pr 27:25 (‖דֶּשֶׁא and עֵשֶׂב), Is 15:6 (‖דֶּשֶׁא and יֶרֶק); spec. of leeks (as still sometimes in Aram., v. Löw:pp. 226, 228) Nu 11:5 (v. Di); in sim. of abundant growth Is 44:4 (v. LXX Ew Che); on Is 35:7 v. 1. חָחִיר supr.
2. as type of what is quickly perishing Jb 8:12, hence fig. of perishing enemies חֲחִיר גַּגּוֹת Is 37:27 = 2 K 19:26 (‖דֶּשֶׁא, עֵשֶׂב), Ps 129:6, i.e. having no depth of root; of wicked, soon to be cut down Ps 37:2; with special reference to Israel's oppressors Is 40:6 (‖[השׂרה]חיץ ), v:7 (‖ id.), v:7, v:8 (‖ id.), 51:12; in sim. of frail man Ps 90:5; man's days Ps 103:15 (‖חיץ השׂדה).
IV. חחר (assumed as √ for redupl. חחרחר whence foll.; mng. unknown; perh. onomatop., v. Thes Ol:§§ 82 c.188 a Sta:§124 b; see also Lag:Or ii.18).
† חֲחֹחְרָה n.f. clarion (NH חֲחוֹחֶרֶת, Aram. חֲחוֹחַרְתָּח)—mostly P and late;—abs. ח׳ Ho 5:8; pl. abs. חֲחֹחְרוֹת Nu 10:8 + 22 t.; חֲחֹחְרֹת Nu 10:9, 10:10; cstr. id. Nu 31:6, 2 Ch 13:12; חֲחוֹחְרֹת Nu 10:2; clarion:
1. as secular instr. Ho 5:8 (‖שׁוֹפָר) 2 K 11:14, 11:14 = 2 Ch 23:13, 23:13.
2. as sacred instr. 2 K 12:14, esp. for use by priests (only P, Ps 98 and Chr). a. תקע בח׳ (of blowing a single long blast) Nu 10:3, 10:4, 10:7, 10:8, to gather congreg. or נשׂיא׳ together, and, on festivals, over sacrif., ‘ to be remembered before י׳, ’ v:10. b. תקע תרועה בח׳, or הריע בח׳ (of sounding alarm,—a series of quick blasts) for camps to move Nu 10:5, 10:6, also in battle, v:9, ‘ to be remembered before י׳; ’ so Nu 31:6, 2 Ch 13:12 (cf. v:14), both התרועה ח׳. c. esp. in Chr's descriptions of ceremonies at festivals, to express rejoicing: 1 Ch 13:8, 15:28 (‖קוֹל שׁוֹפָר), 16:6, 16:42, 2 Ch 15:14 (‖שׁוֹפָר), 20:28, 29:26, 29:27, Ezr 3:10, Ne 12:35, 12:41, Ps 98:6 (‖קוֹל שׁוֹפָר); הָרִים קוֹל בח׳ 2 Ch 5:13; מחחחרים בח׳ 1 Ch 15:24, 2 Ch 5:12, 5:13, 13:14; in 2 Ch 29:28 this pt. agrees with noun in sense, and is masc.; and the clarions (= players on the clarions) sounded.—The חֲחֹחְרָה, or (sacred) clarion, was a long, straight, slender metal tube, with flaring end, v. Benz:Archäol. 277; distinguished thus from the שׁוֹפָר which was originally a ram's horn, and prob. always retained the horn-shape; the שׁוֹפָר is mentioned constantly in the earlier lit., and was used by watchmen, warriors, etc., as well as priests (v. Benz:ib. 276 and שׁוֹפָר).
† [חחחר] vb. Kt, [חחר] Qr, denominat. from חחחרה = sound a clarion—Pi. Pt. מְחַצְּח֯רִים 2 Ch 5:13 (Qr מְחַצְּרִים) = players on clarions. Hiph. Pt. מַחְחְח֯רִים (Qr מַחְחְרִים as Hiph. v. Kö:ii, 252) 1 Ch 15:24 + 3 t. + 2 Ch 5:12 Baer, (van d. H מחחררים); sound with clarions מח׳ בחחחרות 1 Ch 15:24, 2 Ch 5:12, 13:14; abs. sounded (sounding) 2 Ch 7:6, 29:28, cf. חחחרה ad fin. (Kt in all to be pronounced (prob.) מְחַחְחְרִים).
חֵק v. חֵיק sub חוק; חֹק v. sub חקק. p. 300, 349
† חָקָה vb. only Pu. cut in, carve (NH represent, imitate; ‖חקק)—Pu. Pt. מְחֻקֶּה 1 K 6:35, Ez 8:10 + 23:14 (Co מְחֻקִּים, after LXX SyrVer Targum Vulgate), carved figure on wall Ez 8:10, 23:14 (where rd. אנשׁים מחקים, v. supr.) = subst. carved work 1 K 6:35 (on doors of temple). Hithp. Impf. 2 ms. על־שָׁרְשֵׁי רַגְלַי תִּתְחַקֶּה Jb 13:27 thou gravest thee a graving (= markest a line) for (i.e. about) the soles of my feet, fixest limits for them (v. Di).
חֻקָּה v. sub חקק. below
† חֲקוּפָא n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:51 = Ne 7:53, LXX Αφεικα, Αχειφα, Ακουφα, etc.
† [חָקַק] vb. cut in, inscribe, decree (NH id., Aram. חֲקַק, Zinj. חקק; Ph. id. Pt. Hiph.; Ar. حَقَّ be just, right, obligatory, also make or decide to be just, etc.; حَقُّ justness, truth, necessity, obligation; Eth. h.q.: adj. moderate, sufficient; cf. also חקה)—Qal וְחַקּוֹתָ֫ Ez 4:1; sf. חַקֹּתִיח Is 49:16; Inf. sf. בְּחֻקּוֹ Pr 8:27; בְּחוּקוֹ Pr 8:29 (assim. to בְּשׂוּמוֹ); חֻקָּהּ Is 30:8; Pt. חֹקְקִי Is 22:16 (archaic case ending Ges:§ 90. 3 a); pl. חֹקְקִים Is 10:1; cstr. חוֹקְקֵי Ju 5:9 (poss. Poïel = מחוקקי with מְ omitted, v. Ges:§ 52 (2), note 6); Pt. Pass. pl. חֲקֻקִַים Ez 23:14 (Co חקוקים);—
1. cut in, with בְּ, Is 22:16, of a dwelling-place = tomb, in a rock.
2. cut in or on, upon, engrave, inscribe, c. על on roll of a book Is 30:8; representation of city on brick (as in Babylonia) Ez 4:1; images on a wall Ez 23:14; fig. of Zion's walls on palms of י׳ Is 49:16.
3. trace, mark out, a circle, c. על over the face of deep Pr 8:27; c. acc., foundations of earth v:29.
4. of a law, engrave, inscribe (on a tablet), fig. for enact, decree חקקים חקקי און Is 10:1 (‖כתב עמל); חוֹקקֵי ישׂראל poet. = commanders (v. Poïel) Ju 5:9 (‖מחקקים v:14). Poïel Impf. יְחוֹקְקוּ Pr 8:15; Pt. מְחֹקֵק Gn 49:10, Nu 21:18, Dt 33:21; sf. מְחֹקְקִי Ps 60:9, 108:9; מְחֹקְקֵנוּ Is 33:22; pl. מְחֹקְקִים Ju 5:14; —inscribe (as a law), enact (poet.): c. acc. חֶדֶק Pr 8:15 elsewh. pt. a. prescriber of laws, hence (as sovereign authority in a warlike clan) commander Dt 33:21 (of warlike tribe of Gad), Ju 5:14, Is 33:22 (of י׳; ‖שֹׁפְטֵנוּ, מַלְכֵּנוּ). b. commander's staff Gn 49:10 (‖שֵׁבֶט), Nu 21:18 (both poet.), Ps 60:9 = 108:9. Pu. Pt. מְחֻקָּק that which is decreed Pr 31:5 (late). Hoph. Impf. יֻחָָקַוּ Jb 19:23 inscribed in (בְּ) a book.
חֹק:127 n.m.:Mi 7:11 something prescribed, a statute or due;—ח׳ Gn 47:22 + 22 t.; חָק־ Ex 30:21 + 14 t.; sf. חֻקִּי Pr 30:8 + 3 t.; חָקְךָ Lv 10:13, 10:14 etc. + 4 t. sfs.; pl. חֻקִּים Dt 4:5 + 31 t.; cstr. חֻקֵּי Ex 18:16; חוּקֵּ֯י Ez 20:18; also חִקֲקֵי Ju 5:15, Is 10:1 (Ges:§ 93. 1 R 7); חֻקָּו֯ Jb 14:5 etc. + 44 t. sfs.—
1. prescribed task, assigned to Isr. in Egypt Ex 5:14 (E).
2. prescribed portion, or allowance of food Gn 47:22, 47:22 (J); Pr 30:8, 31:15, Ez 16:27; מחקי Jb 23:12 (RV; < LXX Vulgate O1 Me Di SS בְּחֵקִי in my bosom).
3. action prescribed for oneself, resolve: חִקֲקֵי לֵב Ju 5:15 resolves of mind ‖חִקְרֵי לֵב v:16.
4. prescribed due of the priests from offerings Lv 6:11, 10:13, 10:13, 10:14, 10:14 (P); due of י׳ Lv 6:15 (P); עולם לח׳ Ex 29:28, Lv 7:34, 10:15, Nu 18:8, 18:11, 18:19 (all P), Lv 24:9 (H); portion of oil for the תּרומה Ez 45:14.
5. prescribed limit, boundary: of sea Je 5:22, Pr 8:29, Jb 26:10, 38:10; of heavens Ps 148:6; of land of Israel Mi 7:11; of time Jb 14:5, 14:13; so פָּֽעֲרָה פִיהָ לִבְלִי חָֹק Is 5:14 She’ôl openeth wide her mouth, without limit.
6. enactment, decree, ordinance of either God or man: a. specific decree: law of fifth in Egypt Gn 47:26 (J); of passover Ex 12:24 (J); lament for Jephthah's daughter Ju 11:39; for Josiah 2 Ch 35:25; חק ומשׁפט Ex 15:25, Jos 24:25 (both E), 1 S 30:25; חק עולם Ex 30:21; ‖עֵדוּת, מִשְׁפָּט Ps 81:5, 81:6 (law of a festival). b. of י׳ in nature Jb 28:26. c. respecting Mess. king Ps 2:7; day of י׳ Zp 2:2 MT, but on txt. v. We and טֶרֶם, infr.; covenant with Jacob Ps 105:10 = 1 Ch 16:17; destiny of man Jb 23:14. d. law in general עלי חק according to law, right Ps 94:20 (others against law); ומשׁפט לַמֵּד ח׳ Ezr 7:10; ‖בּרית and תורות Is 25:5; ‖עדות Ps 99:7.
7. pl. חֻקִּים enactments, statutes of a law: a. of י׳ in nature Je 31:36. b. of the prophets Zc 1:6. c. conditions of deed of purchase Je 32:11. d. enactments ‖מִשְׁפָּטִים: ancestral Ez 20:18; given by God as punishment for disobedience 20:25. e. decrees of unjust judges חִקֲקֵי־אָוֶן Is 10:1. f. civil enactments prescribed by God: חֻקֵּי האלהים Ex 18:16 (E; ‖תּוֹרֹתָיו), v:20 (E; ‖ id.) g. elsewh. of prescriptions of the several codes of Hex: Lv 10:11, Nu 30:17 (P), Dt 4:6, 6:24, 16:12, Ps 119:5 + 20 t., Mal 3:7; ‖תּוֹרַת י׳ Am 2:4; ותורות ח׳ Ps 105:45; והח׳ דברי הת׳ Dt 17:19; ‖ברית Ps 50:16; וברית ועדות ח׳ 2 K 17:15; usu. either ‖משׁפטים Dt 4:1, 4:5, 4:8, 4:14, 5:1, 11:32, 12:1, 26:16, 1 K 9:4 = 2 Ch 7:17, 1 Ch 22:13, Ez 11:12, 36:27, or else ומשׁפטים ח׳ combined with other synon. (usu. preceding): e.g. (ים )דבר Ps 147:19; תורה 2 Ch 33:8, Mal 3:22; מחוה Dt 5:28, 6:1, 7:11; מחות Ne 1:7, 1 K 8:58; מחוה, תורה 2 Ch 19:10; עֵדֹת Dt 4:45, 6:20; sts. foll.: e.g. תורות Lv 26:46; מחוה, תורה 2 K 17:37; or in different order, e.g. ותורות מ׳ ומחות ח׳ Ne 9:13; וח׳ מחות ומ׳ Ne 10:30; ומחות ח׳ ומ׳ Dt 26:17. Apart from משׁפטום it is combined with מחות, e.g. וח׳ מ׳ Ex 15:26 (R), Dt 27:10; ומ׳ ח׳ Dt 4:40, 1 K 3:14, 8:61; ותורה וח׳ מ׳ Ne 9:14; ועדות וח׳ מ׳ Dt 6:17, 1 Ch 29:19, 2 Ch 34:31; וח׳ דברי מ׳ Ezr 7:11; it is used c. vbs.: נתן Lv 26:46 + 3 t.; חוּה Nu 30:17 + 9 t.; למּד Dt 4:1 + 10 t.; שׁמר Dt 26:17 + 16 t.; עשׂה Dt 6:24 + 5 t.; שׁמר לעשׂות Dt 11:32 + 4 t.; הלך בְּ 1 K 8:61 + 3 t.—[On usage of חֹק v. חֻקָּה ad fin.]
† חֻקָּה:104 n.f.:Ex 13:10 something prescribed, enactment, statute;—ח׳ Nu 9:14 + 2 t.; cstr. חֻקַּת Ex 12:14 + 28 t.; pl. חֻקּוֹת Je 5:24 + 12 t.; חֻקֹּת Lv 20:23, Je 31:35; sf. חֻקּוֹתַי Gn 26:5 + 14 t.; חֻקֹּתַי Lv 18:4 + 21 t. etc.;—
1. sg. statute, of special ritual laws: of passover Ex 13:10 (J); elsewhere only in P (and H), חקת הפסח Ex 12:43, Nu 9:12, 9:14; התורה ח׳ Nu 19:2, 31:21; משׁפט ח׳ Nu 27:11, 35:29; עולם ח׳ Ex 12:14, 12:17, 27:21, 28:43, 29:9, Lv 3:17, 7:36, 10:9, 16:29, 16:31, 16:34, 23:21, 23:31, 24:3, Nu 10:8, 15:15, 18:23, 19:10, 19:21 (all P), Lv 17:7, 23:14, 23:41 (H); חֻקָּה אַחַת לַגֵּר ולאזרךְ Nu 9:14, 15:15.
2. pl. statutes: a. of nature שׁמים ח׳ Jb 38:33, Je 33:25; of moon and stars Je 31:35; of weeks of harvest Je 5:24. b. fig. of a firmly established custom (ם)הגוי ח׳ Lv 20:23 (H) 2 K 17:8; העמים ח׳ Je 10:3 עמרי ח׳ Mi 6:16; idolatry ישׂראל ח׳ 2 K 17:19; sexual offences Lv 18:30 (H). c. דוד ח׳ statutes of David 1 K 3:3. d. ‖משׁפטים 2 S 22:23 = Ps 18:23 (of the law known to David); ‖מחות Ps 89:32; ברית וח׳ 1 K 11:11; elsewhere of the prescriptions of the codes of D, H, P, Ez: usu. חקות ומשׁפטים Lv 18:5, 18:26, 19:37, 20:22 (H), 25:18, Nu 9:3 (P), 1 K 11:33, Ez 5:7, 11:20, 18:9, 20:11, 20:13, 20:19, 20:21; preceded by מחות Dt 30:16; followed by מחות Lv 26:15 (H), Dt 11:1, 1 K 6:12; תורה ומחוה 2 K 17:34; or else משׁפטים וחקות Lv 18:4, 26:43 (H), Ez 5:6, 5:6, 18:17, 20:16, 20:24, 37:24; preceded by מחות Dt 8:11; in diff. order, ועדות מחות ומ׳ ח׳ 1 K 2:3; frequently also ומחות ח׳ Lv 26:3 (H), Dt 6:2, 1 K 11:38, 2 Ch 7:19; or ח׳(ו)מחות Dt 10:13, 28:15, 28:45, 30:10, 1 K 9:6, 11:34, Ez 43:11 (Co), 2 K 17:13; foll. by תורות Gn 26:5 (R); מחות ועדות וח׳ 2 K 23:3; תורה וח׳ Je 44:10; ותורה וח׳ ועדות 44:23; ותורות ח׳ Ez 44:5, 43:11 (Co); תורות יח׳ 44:24; special ordinances are המזבח ח׳ Ez 43:18; בית י׳ ח׳ Ez 44:5; חיים ח׳ Ez 33:15 (which are life to those who keep them); עולם תמיד ח׳ (LXX SyrVer Vulgate Talm Co del. עולם) Ez 46:14. e. phrases of obedience are הלך ב׳ Lv 18:3, 20:23, 26:3 (H), 1 K 3:3, 6:12, 2 K 17:8, 17:19, Je 44:10, 44:23, Ez 5:6, 5:7, 11:20, 18:9, 18:17, 20:13, 20:16, 20:19, 20:21, 33:15; שׁמר Lv 18:4, 18:5, 18:26, 19:19, 19:37, 20:8, 20:22 (H), Gn 26:5 (R), Dt 6:2, 8:11, 10:13, 11:1, 28:45, 30:10, 30:16, 1 K 2:3, 9:6, 11:11, 11:34, 11:38, 2 K 17:13, 23:3, Ez 18:19, 18:21, 37:24, 43:11, 44:24; עשׂה Lv 25:18 (P), Dt 28:15, 1 K 11:33; עשׂה כח׳ 2 K 17:34; אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָָׁע בח׳ Ps 119:16; phrases of disobedience are מאס ח׳ Ez 20:24 מאס בח׳ Lv 26:15 (H); געל Lv 26:43 (H); עזב 2 Ch 7:19; חלל Ps 89:32.—[חֹק and חֻקָּה differ somewhat in shade of meaning and frequency in various writings: e.g. חֹק oftener in Jb Psalm Pr (חֻקָּה not at all Pr, once Jb), and in Chr (חֻקָּה only 2 Ch 7:19); חֻקָּה oft. in K, rarely in Hex. except in P (H); in proph., חֹק occurs Am 2:4, Is 5:14, 24:5, Mi 7:11, Je 3 t., Ez 6 t., חֻקָּה only Ez, Je (6 t.) and Mi 6:16; חֻקִּים esp. in Dt and Ps 119, חֻקּוֹת esp. in H, Ez and sometimes (8 t.) Dt; חֹק עוֹלָם usu. = due, חֻקַּת ע׳ much more often statute, ordinance, etc.]
† [חֻקַֹק] n.pr.loc. in tribe of Naphtali, only c. ה loc. חֻקַָֹקָה Jos 19:34; identif. with Yakûk c. 4 m. NW. of Lake Tiberias by Rob:BR iii. 81 Survey:WP i. 365.
† חוּקֹק n.pr.loc. only 1 Ch 6:60, prob. err. for חֶלְקַת (q.v.) Jos 19:25, 21:31. p. 324
חִקֲקֵי v. חֹק supr. p. 349
† [חָקַר] vb. search (NH id., Niph. pass., Aram. חֲקַר)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. וַחֲקָרוֹ consec. Pr 18:17; חֲקָרָהּ Jb 28:27; וְחָֽקַרְתָּ֫ Dt 13:15 etc.; Impf. יַחְקֹר Jb 13:19; יַחֲקָר־ Ps 44:22; יַחְקְרֶנּוּ Pr 28:11; אֶחְקֹר 1 S 20:12; תַּחְקְרוּן Jb 32:11; נַחְקָֹרָה La 3:40 etc.; Imv. חָקְרֵ֫נִי Ps 139:23; חִקְרוּ Ju 18:2; Inf. חֲקֹר 2 S 10:3 + 2 t.; לַחְקוֹר Pr 23:30; לְחָקְרָהּ Ju 18:2; —
1. search (for), sq. acc. Pr 23:30, Jb 32:11; abs. וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֫ וְחָקַרְתָּ֫ וְשָׁאַלְתָּ֫ הֵיטֵיב Dt 13:15; lit. Ez 39:14 (i.e. for bones unburied).
2. a. search through, explore, lit., obj. הארץ Ju 18:2 (‖רַגֵּל) v:2, 1 Ch 19:3 (‖ id.); city העיר 2 S 10:3 (‖ id.), of mining Jb 28:3; search out a subject or matter Jb 5:27, 28:27, Pr 25:2, Ps 44:22. b. search a man, find out his sentiments (AV sound him) 1 S 20:12. c. of י׳ searching man, c. acc. Ps 139:1 (‖ידע), v:23 (‖ id.) Jb 13:9, cf. Je 17:10 (obj. לֵב). d. of examining thoroughly, so as to expose weakness in a case Jb 29:16, Pr 18:17, cf. 28:11; so of self-examination דרכים ח׳ La 3:40 (‖חפשׂ). Niph. Pf. נֶחְקַר 1 K 7:47, 2 Ch 4:18; Impf. יֵחָקֵר Je 46:23; יֵחָֽקְרוּ Je 31:37 be searched out, found out, ascertained, 1 K 7:47, 2 Ch 4:18 (weight of the bronze used in temple utensils), of forest Je 46:23; searched out, Je 31:37 subj. מוסדי־ ארץ Pi. Pf. חִקֵּר Ec 12:9 he sought out many proverbs (מְשָׁלִים; ‖אִזֵּן).
† חֵ֫קֶר n.m.:Ju 5:16 searching, thing (to be) searched out;—abs. חֵ֫קֶר Jb 5:9 + 8 t.; cstr. id. Jb 8:8 + 2 t.; pl. cstr. חִקְרֵי Ju 5:16; —חִקְרֵי לֵב Ju 5:16 searchings, questionings of heart; Jb 11:7 canst thou reach אֱלוֹהַּ ח׳ i.e. what is to be explored in him, the whole range of his nature, so ח׳ תהום 38:16 the range of the deep; esp. אֵין ח׳ i.e. it is unsearchable Jb 5:9, 9:10, Ps 145:3, Pr 25:3, Is 40:28, cf. לא ח׳ Jb 34:24, 36:26; אבותם ח׳ 8:8 i.e. thing searched out by their fathers.
† [מֶחְקָר] n.m. range (as place to be explored), מֶחְקְרֵי־אָָרֶץ Ps 95:4 (cf. חֵקֶר Jb 38:16).
חֹר noble, חֹר, חֻר hole, v. sub II. חרר; חֹר הַגִּדְגָּד v. sub II. חור. p. 301, 359
חרא, or חרה (√ of following; meaning unknown).
† [חֶרֶא, or חֲרִי] n.[m.] dung (NH חרא(י-), id.; Aram. ܚܰܢܗܳܐ id.; Mand. חרא (on this and cogn. lang. in gen. v. No:M 56); Ar. خُرْءُ id., whence vb. خَرِئَ of act, and n. مَخْرَأَةُ of place; Amh. h.r4: (Di:Lex. Aeth. 88))—pl. sf. חַרְאֵיהֶם Is 36:12 Kt (Qr חוֹאָתָם); ‖ 2 K 18:27 has חֲרִיהֶם (v. sg. חרי 6:25; Qr as above); חֲרִי יוֹנִים dove's dung 2 K 6:25 Kt (Qr דִּבִיוֹנִים); v., further, Gei:Urschrift, 409.
† [מַחֲרָאָה] n.f. pl. draught house, 2 K 10:27.
† [חָרֵב] vb. be dry, dried up (cf. יָבֵשׁ) (Aram. חֲרוֹב be dry, חוּרְבָּא drought);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. חָֽרְבוּ Gn 8:13, 8:13, Is 19:6; Impf. 3 ms. יֶחֱרַב Ho 13:15 + 2 t., וַיֶּחֱרָָב Ps 106:9; Imv. fs. חֳרָָבִי Is 44:27; —be dry, dried up:
1. of ground, be freed from waters of flood פְּנֵי חָאֲדָמָה ח׳ Gn 8:13 b (J).
2. of waters, be dried up, taken away; of waters of flood Gn 8:13 a (P); of Nile וְנָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ Is 19:5 (‖וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּם), v. same combination Jb 14:11 (‖אָֽזְלו מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם); Is 19:6 (‖דָּֽלֲלוּ) 44:27 (‖הוֹבִישׁ); of Red Sea Ps 106:9; fig. of Ephraim's freshness and vigour Ho 13:15. Pu. Pf. 3 pl. לאֹ חֹרָָבוּ Ju 16:7, 16:8, of fresh bow-strings (of gut, v. Bla). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיב Na 1:4, of י׳'s drying up rivers (‖וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ), perh. also Is 11:15 (for MT החרים) v. LXX SyrVer Vulgate Targum; וְהַחֲרַבְתִּ֫י the Euphrates Je 51:36 (‖הוֹבַשְׁתִּי); Impf. אַחֲרִיב יָם Is 50:2, subj. י׳, I dry up a sea (‖אָשִׂים נְהָרוֹת מִדְבָּר); אַחְרִב Is 37:25 = אַחֲרִב 2 K 19:24, of king of Assyria drying up rivers of Egypt; Pt. fs. הַמַּחֲרֶבֶת Is 51:10 of י׳'s arm drying up (Red) Sea.
† I. [חָרֵב] adj. dry, only fs. חֲרֵבָה Lv 7:10 of meal-offering not moistened (with oil; P); פַּת־ חֲרֵבָה Pr 17:1 a dry morsel.
† I. חֹ֫רֶב n.m.:Gn 31:40 dryness, drought, heat, abs. ח׳ Gn 31:40 + 11 t. + Dt 28:22 (for MT חֶרֶב; v. Di, sq. Vulgate; LXX and LXXL om.);—
1. dryness Ju 6:37, 6:39, 6:40 (all of absence of dew); Je 50:38 (‖יָבֵשׁ); so rd. also Zc 11:17 (for MT חֶרֶב, see v:b and Sta:ZAW i. 1881, 29), a drying up upon his arm (i.e. a withering) and upon his right eye.
2. drought Hg 1:11 + Dt 28:22 v. supr.
3. parching heat (of sun) Gn 31:40 (opp. קֶ֫רַח), Je 36:30 (opp. id.); Is 4:6, 25:4, 25:5, 25:5; of fever Jb 30:30.
† חָֽרָבָה n.f. dry ground;—abs. ח׳ Gn 7:22 + 7 t.; opp. הַיָּם Ex 14:21 (J), Hg 2:6; cf. Gn 7:22 (J); opp. water of Jordan Jos 3:17, 3:17 (J), 4:18 (E), 2 K 2:8; of Nile-arms וְנָתַתִּ֫י יְאֹרִים ח׳ Ez 30:12.
† [חֵרָבוֹן] n.m. drought, only pl. cstr. בְּחַרְבֹנֵי קַ֫יִץ Ps 32:4 metaph. of fever heat.
† II. [חָרֵב] be waste, desolate (NH חָרֵב id.; Aram. חֲרוֹב ܚܪܰܒ be laid waste; Zinj. חרב adj.; Ar. خَرِبَ be in ruins, waste, depopulated; As. ḫarâbu, be waste, Dl:Pr 175, ḫuribtu, desert, Lotz:TP);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱרַ֔ב Je 26:9, תֶּחֱרָ֔ב Is 34:10; 3 mpl. יֶחֶרְבוּ Ez 6:6, יֶחֱרָָבוּ Am 7:9, Is 60:12; 3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַבְנָה Ez 6:6, 12:20; Imv. חָרְבוּ (so, not חָֽרְבוּ—Theile—see van d. H Hahn Kö:i. 244) Je 2:12; Inf. abs. חָרֹב Is 60:12; —be waste, desolate; of sanctuaries of Isr. Am 7:9 (‖נָשַׁמּוּ), of altars Ez 6:6; of cities Je 26:9, Ez 6:6, 12:20 (‖שׁמם); of nations Is 34:10, חָרֹב יֶחֱרָָבוּ 60:12 (‖יאֹבֵדוּ); fig., in address to the heavens חָרְבוּ מְאֹד Je 2:12—(‖שֹׁמּוּ, וְשַׂעֲרוּ), be very desolate (at sins of Isr.); others, be amazed, astounded (on relation of meanings v. שׁמם). Niph. Pt. f. נֶחֱרֶבֶת Ez 26:19 as adj., desolate city, i.e. uninhabited, v. context; נַחֲרָבוֹת 30:17 of desolate countries (‖נָשַׁמּוּ). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיב Ez not found19:17; 1 S. הֶחֱרַבְתִּי Zp 3:6; 3 pl. הֶחֱרִיבוּ Is 37:18, 2 K 19:17; Impf. 1 S. אַחֲרִיב Is 42:15; Pt. מַחֲרִיב Ju 16:24; pl. c. sf. מַחֲרִיבַיִח Is 49:17; —lay waste, make desolate, human subj.; nations and lands Is 37:18 = 2 K 19:17, Is 42:15, cf. pt. Is 49:17 (‖מְהָֽרְסַיִח); add prob. with We Am 4:9 (הֶחֱרַבְתִּי for the untranslateable הַרְבּוֹת) I have devastated your gardens and vineyards; pt. Ju 16:24 desolater of our country (‖הִרְבָּה אֶת־חֲלָלֵנ֑וּ); obj. cities Ez 19:7; streets Zp 3:6 (‖נָשַׁמּוּ). Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הָחֳרָָבָה Ez 26:2 she is laid waste, of a city; Pt. מָחֳרָבוֹת Ez 29:12 laid waste, of cities (‖שׁמם).
† II. חָרֵב adj. waste, desolate;—ms. abs. ח׳ Je 33:10 + 3 t.; fs. חֲרֵבָה Ne 2:3 + 2 t.; fpl. הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Ez 36:35, 36:38 (v. Kö:i. 241);—of a city, defined מֵאֵין אָדָם וּמֵאֵין בְּהֵמָה Je 33:10, cf. v:12; also Ne 2:3, 2:17; הֶעָרִים הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Ez 36:35 (+ הַנְשַׁמּוֹת, הַנֶּהֱרָסוֹת; opp. בְּחוּרוֹת יָשָׁבָוּ).
† II. חֹ֫רֶב n.[m.] desolation;—עָרֵי ח׳ Is 61:4 cities of desolation (‖שֹׁמֲמוֹת, and, in v:a, חָרְבוֹת); cf. Zp 2:14, Je 49:13, and מִחְרַיִם חָרְבוֹת ח׳ Ez 29:10 Egypt shall be wastes of desolation (but LXX Vulgate Co wastes of the sword, חֶרֶב for חֹרֶב); + Ez 38:8 Co, who rds. מֵחֹרֶב (or מֵחָרְבָּה).
† חֹרֵב, חוֹרֵב n.pr.mont. Horeb (waste, desert)—LXX Ξωρηβ (v. Lag:BN 85); אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֽהִים חֹרֵָבָה Ex 3:1 (E), cf. עַד הַר הָאֱלֽהִים חֹרֵב 1 K 19:8; הַצּוּר בְּחֹרֵב Ex 17:6, הַר חוֹרֵב 33:6 (both E); מֵחֹרֵב, בְּחֹרֵב Dt 1:2, 1:6, 1:19, 4:10, 4:15, 5:2, 9:8, 18:16, 28:69; 1 K 8:9, 2 Ch 5:10, Ps 106:19, Mal 3:22; the sacred mountain of the wilderness, no geograph. diff. from סִינַי discoverable, but synonym of it in E and (esp.) D (except poem Dt 33:2; vid. סִינַי P).
† חָרְבָּה n.f. waste, desolation, ruin;—abs. ח׳ Lv 26:31 + 15 t. + Ez 38:8 (del. SyrVer Co) + Ez 38:12 חרבה LXX Co for חרבות; pl. חֳרָבוֹת Ps 9:7 + 11 t. (Ez 38:12, cf. supr.); cstr. חָרְבוֹת Is 5:17 + 7 t.; sf. חָרְבֹתַיִח Is 49:19; חָרְבֹתָיו Ezr 9:9; חָרְבֹתֶיהָ Is 51:3; חָרְבוֹתֶיהָ Is 44:26; חָרְבוֹתֵיהֶם Ps 109:10 + 2 Ch 34:6 (cf. חֶרֶב and infr.); (chiefly mid. and late Heb. Is:2 8 t.; Je 10 t. Ez 14 t.—incl. 38:8, q. del. Co);—
1. waste, ruin, of cities of Israel Lv 26:31, 26:33 (H); Judah Is 44:26, 49:19 (‖שֹׁמְמֹת), 58:12 (בנה), Je 25:18, 27:17, 44:2, 44:6, Ez 5:14; ruins of Jerusalem Is 52:9, Dn 9:2; also Ez 35:4; cf. Mal 1:4 (c. בנה), Ez 36:10 (c. בנה) v:33 (id.); Egypt Ez 29:9, 29:10 (in both ‖שְׁמָמָה; חרבות חֹרֶב in v:10); ruin of temple Ezr 9:9; = ruined dwellings Ps 109:10; cf. 2 Ch 34:6, where rd. perh. בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם for בּחר בתיהם (v. חֶרֶב sub III. חרב); Je 22:5; in gen. ruins (si vera 1., v. Di; obj. of בנה) Jb 3:14; כוס ח׳ Ps 102:7 an owl of a ruin.
2. of land: waste place amid ruins Is 5:17, cf. 51:3 (‖מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה); land a desolation Je 7:34, 44:22, Ez 25:13 (Edom) Je 25:11, Is 64:10 and Ez 33:24, 33:27 (of Judah), cf. Ez 13:4, כְשֻׁעָלִים בח׳ sim. of the prophets; הַשֹּׁמֵמוֹת הח׳ Ez 36:4 (of Israel); of desolation of enemies of Isr. Ps 9:7 (לָנֶ֫חַח ח׳); עולם ח׳ = old ruins Is 61:4 (c. בנה); elsewhere perpetual ruin, desolation Je 25:9, 49:13 (cities of Bosra); מעולם ה׳ Ez 26:20 (sim. of Tyre).
† III. [חָרַב] vb. (Aram. and rare) attack, smite down (cf. Ar. حَرَبَ plunder, III. wage war with, VI. fight together, حَرْبُ war, battle; Syr. ܚܪܰܒ smite, slay)—Qal Imv. ms. חֲרֹב Je 50:21 attack (+ וְהַחֲרֵם אַחֲרֵיהֶם); mpl. חִרְבוּ v:27 obj. כָּל־פָּרֶיהָ, fig. of men of Babylon. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נֶחֶרְבוּ המלכים (v. Hoph.) הָחֳרֵב 2 K 3:23 the kings have attacked one another, fought together (‖וַיַּכּוּ אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ). Hoph. Inf. abs. 2 K 3:23, v. Niph., but rd. perhaps הֵחָרֵב, cf. Dr Lv 19:20, note.
חֶ֫רֶב:411 n.f.:Is 21:15 sword (as weapon; Aram. חַרְבָּא, ܚܰܪܒܳܐ, Zinj. חרב; Ar. حَرْبَةُ dart, javelin)—abs. חֶ֫רֶב Gn 3:24 +; חָָרֶב Ex 17:13 +; cstr. חֶ֫רֶב Dt 33:29 +; sf. חַרְבִּי Ex 15:9 + 13 t.; חַרְבְּךָ Gn 27:40 + 7 t.; חֵרְבֶָּךָ 1 S 17:33; Ps 17:13; חַרְבּוֹ Nu 22:23 + 24 t.; חַרְבְּכֶם Je 2:30, Ez 33:26; חַרְבָּם Ps 37:15, 44:4; pl. חֲרָבוֹת Is 21:15 + 5 t.; cstr. חַרְבוֹת Jos 5:2 + 2 t.; sf. חַרְבוֹתָיו Ez 26:9; חַרְבוֹתָם Is 2:4 + 5 t.; חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Mi 4:3 + 2 t.;—
1. a. sword, as weapon of war Gn 48:22 (E), Ju 7:14, 7:20, 1 S 21:9, and so in all periods; two-edged (short) sword וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֹ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ ח׳ Ju 3:16, cf. פִּיּוֹת ח׳ Pr 5:4 (in sim.), פִּיפִיּוֹת ח׳ Ps 149:6; v. also חוּר ח׳ edge of sword Ps 89:44. b. gird on sword = חָגַר הח׳ 1 S 17:39, 25:13, 25:13, 25:13, Ps 45:4 (הח׳ ח׳ עַל יָרֵך), שִׂים על ירך Ex 32:27, cf. esp. 2 S 20:8. c. draw the sword הֵרִיק הח׳ Ex 15:9, Lv 26:33, Ez 5:2, 5:12, 12:14, 28:7, הוחיא הח׳ Ez 21:8, 21:10, פתח הח׳ Ps 37:14, Ez 21:33, נטשׁ Is 21:15 (Gr Che לטשׁ v. infr.); usu. שׁלף הח׳ Nu 22:23, 22:31, Jos 5:13, Ju 3:22, 8:10, 8:20, 9:54, 1 S 17:51, 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4, 21:16, and as characteristic of warriors שֹׁלֵף ח׳ Ju 20:2, 20:15, 20:17, 20:25, 20:35, 20:46, 2 S 24:9, 2 K 3:26, 1 Ch 21:5, 21:5; וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֹ אֶל־הַח׳ 2 S 23:10, ins. also in ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 (Dr). d. whet, sharpen the sword לטשׁ הח׳ Ps 7:13 (cf. Is 21:15 supr.), but also שׁנן Dt 32:41 cf. Ps 64:4, הוּחַדָּה Ez 21:14, 21:16. e. put up the sword into the sheath אֶל־נְדָנָהּ הֵשִׁיב הח׳ 1 Ch 21:27 (sheath of sword is elsewhere תַּעַר 1 S 7:51, 2 S 20:8, Je 47:6, Ez 21:8). f. slay with sword הרג בח׳ Jos 10:11, 13:22 +; in ימותו אנשׁים 1 S 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים LXX We Dr; rarely הכה בח׳ Jos 11:10, 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38; very oft. הִכָּה לְפִי־ח׳ smite acc. to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (2 S 2:26, 11:25) = without quarter Nu 21:24 (E) Dt 13:16 a, 20:13, Jos 11:11, 11:12, 11:14 (all D) Ju 18:27, 21:10, 1 K 10:25, Jb 1:15, 1:17; also c. העיר as sole obj. Jos 8:24, 10:28, 10:30, 10:32, 10:35, 10:37, cf. v:39, 19:47, Ju 1:8, 1:25, 20:37, 1 S 22:19, 22:19, 2 S 15:14; הרג לפי־ח׳ † Gn 34:26 (J); החרים לפי־ח׳ Dt 13:16 b (incl. הָעִיר in obj.), Jos 6:21, 1 S 15:8, חלשׁ לפי־ח׳ † Ex 17:13 (E); נפל לפי־ח׳ Jos 8:24, Ju 4:16; לפי־ח׳ וַיָּהָם י׳ Ju 4:15; —(לפי־ח׳ is chiefly in Jos and Ju (21 t.), in Hexat. only JED; but Jb post-ex.). g. אכלה הח׳ etc., of the sword as devouring:—תּאֹכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Dt 32:42 (poet.), 2 S 2:26, 11:25, 18:8, Is 1:10, Je 2:30, Je 46:10, 46:14, Na 2:14. h. slain by sword is חֲלַל־חִ׳ Nu 19:16 (P) and frequently Ez, חַלְלֵי־ח׳ 31:17, 31:18, 32:21, 32:25, 32:28, 32:29, 32:30, 32:32, 35:8 מְחֻלְלֵי ח׳ v:26 < Co חללי־ח׳ (on text of 32:20, 32:22, 32:31 v. Co). i. שְׁבֻיוֹת ח׳ Gn 31:26 are captives of (taken by) sword. j. sword frequently agent of י׳ Ju 7:20, Is 34:6, Je 12:12, 47:6 etc.,—so Dt 28:22, but rd. חֹרֶב v. sub I. חרב (cf. on other hand 1 S 17:47); note esp. Gn 3:24 לַהַט הח׳ הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת; poet. לַהַכ ח׳ Na 3:3, בְּרַק ח׳ Dt 32:41. k. ח׳ fig. of tongue Ps 57:5 cf. 59:8; fig. of violence war, etc., Gn 27:40; in sim. Pr 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women).
2. knife חֻרִים ח׳ flint knives for use in circumcision Jos 5:2, 5:3 (v. We:Skizzen iii, 166); Ez 5:1; 5:2 חַדָּה תַּעַר ח׳ הַגַּלָּבִים (acc. to Co use of sword as razor is significant).
3. of tools used in hewing stone חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Ex 20:25; יִתֹּץ בח׳ Ez 26:9, acc. to most = tools, axes, ‘ steel ’ (Co ‘ Eisen ’), but poss. swords as implement ready to hand; 2 Ch 34:6 Qr בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; rd. perh. בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins, Be, who comp. Ps 109:10; v. חָרְבָּה sub II. חרב (LXX Vulgate om. חרב).
† חַרְבוֹנָא n.pr.m. eunuch of Ahasuerus Est 1:10 = חַרְבוֹנָה 7:9 (Pers. خربان = donkey driver, Vullers:i, 668 b).
חַרְבּוֹנָה n.pr.m. v. foregoing.
† [חָרַג] vb. quake (cf. (si vera 1.) Ar. حَرِجَ be straitened, unable to move for fear and rage (Lane), also put oneself in a rage (Dozy); Targum חַרְגַת מוֹתָא Dt 32:25 terror of death)—only Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וְיַחְרְגוּ מִמִּסְגְּרוֹתֵיהֶם Ps 18:46 pregn. and come quaking out of their fortresses (cf. יִרְגְּזוּ in like connex. Mi 7:17); rd. the same also in ‖ 2 S 22:46 (for MT וְיַחְגְרוּ, v. חגר; possible would be also ויחרדו in both, as Ho 11:10, 11:11 etc.)
חרגל (quadril. √ of foll.; cf. Ar. حَرْجَلَ run right and left, run swiftly (Frey)).
חַרְגֹּל n.[m.] a kind of locust (NH id.; Aram. ܚܰܪܓܳܠܳܐ, חַרְגּוֹלָא; حَرْجَلُ (Dozy), all = locust; حَرْجَلَتُ swarm of locusts (Frey))—only Lv 11:22 (P) in list of edible insects, ‖אַרְבֶּה, סָלְעָם, חָגָב.
† חָרַד vb. tremble, be terrified (As. ḫarâdu, id., acc. to Dl:HA 20, Pr 46; Ar. خَرِدَ be bashful, shamefaced; NH חֲרָדָה a trembling)—Qal Pf. וְחָרַד consec. Is 19:16, חָֽרְדָה Is 10:29, חָרַדְתְּ 2 K 4:13, חָרְדוּ 1 S 13:7, 14:15, וְחָֽרְדוּ consec. Ez 26:16, 32:10; Impf. יֶחֱרַד Jb 37:1, וַיֶּחֱרַד Gn 27:33 + 5 t.; יֶחְרְדוּ Ho 11:10, Ez 26:18, יֶחֶֽרְדוּ Ho 11:11, יֶחֱרָָדוּ Am 3:6, Is 41:6, וַיֶּחֶֽרְדוּ Gn 42:28 + 2 t.; Imv. חִרְדוּ Is 32:11; —
1. tremble, quake, of a mountain Ex 19:18—so HCT, but rd. חָעָם, LXX v. Di (E); of isles Ez 26:18 (metaph., in fear); so Is 41:5 (קְחוֹת הארץ, ‖אִיִּים יראו).
2. tremble, of persons under supernat. infl. 1 S 14:15 (‖חֲרָדֶה, וַתִּרְגַּז הָאָרָץ); start, start up (out of sleep) Ru 3:8; in mental disturbance Gn 27:33 (J; c. acc. cogn.) tremble, in terror Ex 19:16 (E), Is 32:11 (‖רגז), be startled (at sound of trumpet) Am 3:6 cf. 1 K 1:49 (+ קום, הלך, ירא); tremble Ez 26:16, 32:10 sq. לְ = at, Jb 37:1 (לִבִּי), be terrified, of Egypt (personif.) Is 19:16 (‖פָּחַד), Ramah 10:29, of Saul 1 S 28:5 subj. לִבּוֹ, ‖ירא).
3. be anxiously careful חָרַדְתְּ אֵלֵנוּ את־כל הַחֲרָדָה הַזּאֹת 2 K 4:13.
4. with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling 1 S 13:7 (sq. מֵאחריו LXXL We Dr) Gn 42:28 (E; sq. אֶל־) 1 S 16:4 (sq. לִקְרָאתוֹ) so 21:2, Ho 11:10 (מִיָּם) v:11 (מִמִּחְרַיִם). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיד Ju 8:12, וְּהַחֲרַדְתִּ֫י 2 S 17:2; Pt. מַחֲרִיד Lv 6:26 + 11 t.; Inf. cstr. הַחֲרִיד Ez 30:9, Zc 2:4; —drive in terror, rout an army, sq. acc. Ju 8:12, Ez 30:9, Zc 2:4 cf. 2 S 17:2; (We prop. החרידו Ho 5:8 ‘ setzt Benj. in Schrecken, ’ for MT אַחֲרֶיךָ); in Pt. abs., only in וְאֵין מ׳; and none shall terrify, i.e. disturb the peace of those reposing—שׁכב, שׁקט, רבץ, ישׁב, ישׁב לָבֶטַחִ—in the promised land Lv 26:6, so after captivity Je 30:10 = 46:27, also Ez 34:28, 39:26, Mi 4:4, Zp 3:13; of undisturbed peace of the righteous Jb 11:19; peace of flocks in forsaken cities Is 17:2; undisturbed feeding on carrion by fowl and beast Dt 28:26, Je 7:33, undisturbed prowling of lions Na 2:12 (metaph. of Assyrians).
† חָרֵד adj. verb. of foregoing, trembling;—חָרֵד Ju 7:3 + 3 t.; חֲרֵדִים Is 66:5, Ezr 10:3—trembling (from fear), abs. Ju 7:3 (‖ירא), 1 S 4:13 (subj. לִבּוֹ, sq. עַל, for, in behalf of); in awe and reverence, at word of God, sq, בְּ Ezr 9:4, Is 66:2 (sq. עַל), v:5 (sq. אֶל); cf. בְּמִחְוַת אל׳ ח׳ Ezr 10:3.
† חֲרֹד n.pr.loc. only עֵין ח׳ (v. sub עַיִן), a camping-place of Gideon and Israel. Ju 7:1. p. 745
† חֲרֹדִי adj.loc. only c. art. הַח׳, of Harod 2 S 23:25 a (v. Dr and Ju 7:1); = הַהֲרוֹרִי 1 Ch 11:27 (rd. הַהֲרוֹדִי); also 1 S 23:25 b but prob. not genuine; not in LXX or 1 Ch 11, 27 (v. Dr and אֱלִיקָא supr. p. 45:b).
† I. חֲרָדָה n.f. trembling, fear, anxiety—חֲרָדָה Gn 27:33 + 5 t. + Ez 38:21 (rd. for הָרַי, B Co cf. Dr 1 S 14:15); cstr. חֶרְדַּת 1 S 14:15, Pr 29:25 (v. Lag:BN 113); pl. חֲרָדוֹת Ez 26:16; —
1. trembling, quaking (of terror ascribed to supernat. cause) 1 S 14:15, 14:15 (hence אלהים ח׳ v. Dr; ‖וַתִּרְגַּז־הארץ) cf. Ez 38:21 (v. supr.); Dn 10:7; קול ח׳ Je 30:5 voice of trembling; sq. gen. obj. אָדָם ח׳ Pr 29:25 trembling before man; opp. pleasure Is 21:4; tremblings (pl.) Ez 26:16 under fig. of garment (ילבשׁו ח׳), of effect on coast-princes of fall of Tyre.
2. anxious care 2 K 4:13, acc. cogn. c. חָרַד.
† II. חֲרָדָה n.pr.loc. a station of Isr. in wilderness Nu 33:24, 33:25, site unknown.
† חָרָה vb. burn, be kindled, of anger (Aram. חרי Pa. cause, fire to burn (rare); Zinj. חרא anger, Nö:ZMG 1893, 98. 103; Ar. حَرْوَةُ burning sensation, in throat, etc., fr. rage and pain)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 4:6 + 20 t.; Impf. יֶחֱרֶה Ex 32:11 + 2 t.; יִ֫חַר Gn 18:30 + 7 t.; וַיִּ֫חַר Gn 4:5 + 46 t.; Inf. abs. חָרֹה 1 S 20:7; cstr. חֲרוֹת 2 S 24:1, Ps 124:3; —
1. of man: a. חרה אף (one's) anger was kindled, burned Gn 39:19, Nu 22:27 (J), Ex 32:19, 32:22 (JE), Ju 9:30, 14:19, 1 S 11:6, Jb 32:2, 32:5; c. בְּ against Gn 30:2 (E), 44:18 (J), 1 S 17:28, 20:30, 2 S 12:5, 2 Ch 25:10, Ps 124:3, Jb 32:2, 32:3; c. אֶל Nu 24:10 (E). b. impers., אף omitted; חרה לְ it was kindled for (him) he burned with anger Gn 31:36 (E), 4:5, 4:6, 34:7, Nu 16:15 (J), 1 S 15:11 (rd. perh. וַיֵּחֶר, Weir in Dr), 18:8, 20:7, 20:7, 2 S 3:8, 6:8 = 1 Ch 13:11, 2 S 13:21, 19:43, Ne 3:33, 4:1, 5:6, Jon 4:1, 4:4, 4:9, 4:9; ins. ויחר לדוד 2 S 11:22 LXX We Dr; בְּעֵינֵי ח׳ Gn 31:35, 45:5 (E).
2. of God: a. אף ח׳ Ex 22:23, Nu 22:22 (E), Nu 11:1, 11:10, 32:10 (J); c. בְּ Ex 4:14, 32:10, Nu 12:9, Dt 31:17 (J), 6:15, 7:4, 11:17, 29:26, Jos 23:16 (D), Ju 6:39, 2 S 6:7 = 1 Ch 13:10, Ho 8:5, 2 K 23:26, 2 Ch 25:15, Jb 42:7; בְּעַם Ex 32:11, Nu 11:33 (J), Is 5:25, Ps 106:40; בישׂראל Nu 25:3, 32:13 (JE); Ju 2:14, 2:20, 3:8, 10:7, 2 S 24:1, 2 K 13:3; בבני ישׂראל Jos 7:1 (R); בנהרים, אף omitted, Hb 3:8; c. עַל Zc 10:3. b. חרה לְ Gn 18:30, 18:32 (J) 2 S 22:8 = Ps 18:8.—Note: חרה not in HP (who use קחף); nor in Je Ez Is:2 Pr or poetry of Jb. Niph. Pf. נִחֲרוּ־ sq. בְּ Ct 1:6 (acc. to Bö:ii. 379 De Kö:1. 551) be angry with; Pt. כֹּל הַנֶּחֱרִים בְּ׳ all that are incensed against (thee) Is 41:11, so 45:24. Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרָה הֶחֱזִיק Ne 3:20 burned with zeal (?) in repairing, but LXX om. החרה; prob. dittogr.; Impf. וַיַּחַר עָלַי אַפּוֹ Jb 19:11 and kindled his anger against me. Hithp. Impf. אַל תִּתְחַר Ps 37:1, 37:7, 37:8, Pr 24:19 heat oneself in vexation.—The foll. forms are somewhat dub.: Impf. 2 ms. אֵיח תְּתַחֲרֶה אֶת־הַסּוּסִים Je 12:5 how canst thou hotly contend (in a race) with the horses ? Pt. כִּי אַתָּה מְתַחֲרֶה בָאָָרֶז Je 22:15 because thou strivest eagerly (to excel) in cedar; expl. as Tiphï‘ēl by Thes Ges:§ 55, 5 Ew:§ 122 a Ol:§ 255 a Sta:§ 159 b Kö:i. p. 557 al., and regarded by most as a rare causative stem; but ag. existence of Tiphï‘ēl v. Ba:NB § 180 a; ZMG 1894, 20; Ba regards the form as denom. (fr. a noun formed by ת preform., cf. Aram. ܬܰܚܪܽܘܬܳܐ contention); SS would point as Hithp. [cf. Syr. ܐܶܬܚܰܪܺܝ contend with, ܚܶܪܝܳܐ contention], although meaning of Hithp. is diff., v. supr.
† חָרוֹן n.m. (burning of) anger (cf. Lag:BN 204 Anm. * *)—ח׳ Ez 7:12 + 2 t.; cstr. חֲרוֹן Nu 25:4 + 33 t.; sf. חֲרוֹנִי Ez 7:14 (Co חרון), חֲרוֹגוֹ Ps 2:5; חֲרֹנְךָ Ex 15:7; pl. sf. חֲרוֹנֶי֑ךָ Ps 88:17; —alw. of God's anger (v. note, infr.), חֲרוֹן אף Ex 32:12, Nu 25:4, 32:14, Jos 7:26 (J), Dt 13:18, 1 S 28:18, 2 K 23:26, 2 Ch 28:11, 28:13, 29:10, 30:8, Ezr 10:14, Ho 11:9, Na 1:6, Zp 2:2, 3:8, Is 13:9, 13:13, Je 4:8, 4:26, 12:13, 25:37, 25:38, 30:24, 49:37, 51:45, Jon 3:9, Ps 69:25, 78:49, 85:4, Jb 20:23, La 1:12, 4:11; אף om., Ex 15:7 (song), Ne 13:18, Ps 2:5, Ez 7:12 (del. Co), v:14; pl. bursts of burning anger Ps 88:17.—Note: כְּמוֹ־חָרוֹן Ps 58:10 burning anger LXX Vulgate Jer AV Bae Che; but Thes MV SS DeW Ew Ol Pe, something burning, e.g. thorns, antith. green thorns; Hengst De cooked flesh, antith. raw; Je 25:38 הַיּוֹנָה מפני ח׳ because of the fierceness of the oppressor (? AV) would then be the only use of the word of other than God's anger; here LXX Targum Ew Hi Gf Ke Che Gie RV rightly rd. חרב oppressing sword (as 46:16, 50:16). חרון is not used in H P D:2 or E (except song, Ex 15:7) of the Hex; nor in Ez except 7:12 (del. Co), v:14.
† חֳרִי n.m. burning, alw. אַף(הָ)חֳרִי of Moses Ex 11:8 (J); Jonathan 1 S 20:34; army of Ephraim 2 Ch 25:10; Rezin Is 7:4; of God Dt 29:23, La 2:3.
חַרְהֲיָה v. חרחיה. below
† חֲרוּמַף n.pr.m. father of one of the builders of the wall Ne 3:10.
חרז (√ of foll.; NH חֲרַז string together, esp. jewels or pearls; Aram. חֲרַז id.; ܚܪܰܙ id.; Ar. خَرَزَ sew or stitch, خَرَزُ beads strung together, neck-ornament).
† [חָרוּז] n.[m.] string of beads, only pl. חַוָּארֵח בַּחֲרוּזִים Ct 1:10 thy neck (is comely) with strings of beads.
† חַרְחֲיָה (van d. H חרהיה), n.pr.m. (√ and mng. unknown)—father of one of the builders of the wall, Neh.'s time Ne 3:8.
חַרְחוּר, חַרְחֻר v. sub. I. חרר. p. 359
† חַרְחַס n.pr.m. grandfather of Shallum, who was husband of Huldah the prophetess 2 K 22:14.
I. חרט (√ of foll.; Aram. ܚܪܰܛ cut, scratch, tear; cf. Ar. خَرَطَ peel off bark, strip off leaves (mod. Ar. turn wood), مِخْرَطُ iron instrument for doing this).
† חֶ֫רֶט n.[m.] graving-tool, stylus—
1. graving-tool, with which Aaron fashioned (וַיָּחַר) the molten calf Ex 32:4 (E).
2. stylus, for writing on tablet (גִּלָּיוֹן): כְּתֹב עָלָיו בְּחֶרֶט אֱנוֹשׁ Is 8:1 write on it with a man's (i.e. an ordinary) stylus = in common characters, intelligible to all (v. Benz:Arch. 290).
† [חַרְטֹם] n.m.:Ex 7:22 engraver, writer, only in deriv. sense of one possessed of occult knowledge, diviner, astrologer, magician (prob. = ם + חֶרֶט, v. Di Ol:§ 216, 5 Sta:§§ 295, 327 a)—only pl. abs. חַרְטֻמִּים Gn 41:24 + 4 t.; חַרְטֻמִּם Ex 8:15, 9:11; cstr. חַרְטֻמֵּי Gn 41:8 + 2 t.;—
1. magicians of Egypt Gn 41:8 (E; ‖חֲכָמִים), v:24 (E), Ex 8:3, 8:14, 8:15, 7:11 (‖חֲכָמִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים), v:22, 9:11, 9:11 (all P).
2. magicians of Babylon Dn 2:2 (‖אַשָּׁפִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים).
II. חרט (√ of foll.; relation to I. חרט obscure).
† [חָרִיט] n.m.:1 K 5:23 bag, purse (cf. Ar. خَرِيطَةُ bag or purse made of skin or other material)—only. pl. abs. שְׁנֵי חֲרִטִים 2 K 5:23, containing each a talent of silver; הָֽחֲרִיטִים Is 3:22 in list of ladies Õ’ finery.
I. חֹרִי white bread v. sub I. חור. p. 301
II. חֹרִי, חוֹרִי n.pr.gent. v. sub III. חרר. p. 360
חֲרֵי יוֹנים, חֲרֵיהֶם v. [חרא, חרי]. p. 351
† I. [חָרַךְ] vb. set in motion, start (cf. Ar. حَرُكَ move, be agitated, II. set in motion)—only Qal Impf. 3 ms. לֹא־יַחֲרֹךְ רְמִיָּה צֵידוֹ Pr 12:27 slackness (i.e. a slack or slothful man) doth not start its game De RVm, cf. Now (> Be Ew after Jewish trad., doth not roast, Aram. חֲרַךְ, ܚܪܰܟ scorch, parch).
II. חרך (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).
† חֲרַכִּים n.[m.] pl. lattice or other opening through which one may look (Aram. חֲרַכָּא Targum Jos 2:15 al.=Heb. חַלּ֗וֹן; but NH חֲרָח is an opening smaller than a window)—only מֵחִיץ מִן־הַח׳ Ct 2:9 peeping in at the lattice (‖מַשְׁגִּיחַ מִן־הַחַלּֽנוֹת).
חרל (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).
† חָרוּל n.[m.] a kind of weed, perh. chickpea (cicercula), v. Löw:p. 153 (Syr. ܚܽܘܪܠܳܐ fodder for horses; Targum Pr 24:31 gives חוּרְלָא)—abs. ח׳ Jb 30:6, Zp 2:9; pl. חֲרֻלִים Pr 24:31; —as growing in devastated land, coll. Zp 2:9; in vineyard of slothful, pl. כִּסּוּ פניו ח׳ Pr 24:31 (‖קִמְּשׂגִים); as sole shelter of certain outcast peoples Jb 30:7 (שִׂיחִים).
† I. [חָרַם] vb. Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate (MI:17 החרמתה of devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in cl. with כי explaining massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of י׳ there was dragged before Chemosh; حَرُمَ be prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; II. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable; Eth. h.arama: prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palm. חרם = consacrê Vog:No 35; Nab. id., Eut:p. 28; Sab. מחרם sanctuary, temple, Os:ZMG 1865, 176. 252, חרמתן DHM:ZMG 1875, 594; Aram. אַחֲרִים, and esp. ܐܰܚܪܰܡ anathematize, excommunicate; v. also We:Skizzen iii, 165, Dr:Sm 100 ff., RS:Sem. i. 140 (150))—Hiph. Pf. הֶהֱרִים Jos 8:26 + 5 t.; הֶחֱרִם Jos 10:28; 2 ms. וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֫ה 1 S 15:18; 1 S. הֶחֱרַמְתִּי 1 S 15:20; וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֫י Nu 21:2; 2 fs. (י)וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ consec. Mi 4:13 (so LXX Vulgate SyrVer Targum RV most; MT 1 S.), v. Ges:§ 44, R. 4; pl. הֶחֱרִימוּ 1 S 15:9, 2 Ch 32:14 etc.; (1 S 15:3 rd. והחרמתו LXX We Dr); Impf. יַחֲרִם Lv 27:28; וַיַּחֲרֵם Nu 21:3, Jos 10:37; sf. וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ Jos 10:1; 1 pl. וַנַּחֲרֵם Dt 2:34, 3:6 etc.; Imv. הַחֲרֵם Dt 13:16; pl. הַחֲרִימוּ Je 51:3; sf. הַחֲרִימוּהָ Je 50:26; Inf. abs. הַחֲרֵם Dt 3:6 + 4 t.; cstr. הַחֲרִים 2 Ch 20:23 Dn 11:44; sf. הַחֲרִימָם Jos 11:20 + 4 t.;—ban, devote (esp. religiously, sq. objects hostile to the theocracy [v. esp. Ex 22:19 Hoph.]; this involved gen. their destruction; when a city was ‘ devoted ’ the inhab. were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not acc. to the gravity of the occasion [contrast Jos 6:17, 6:21, 1 S 15:3 with Dt 2:34 f. 3:6, 3:7], cf. MI:17 לעשתר כמש החרמתה to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it, i.e. the city Nebo);—
1. most oft. of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Isr., exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions: a. Isr. and her leaders subj. Nu 21:2, 21:3 (destruction acc. to vow), Jos 6:21 (cf. חֵרֶם ליהוה v:17; all J); in v:18 rd. תַּחְמְדוּ (for MT תַּחֲרִימוּ, v. Di VB); 8:26 (LXX, not LXXL, om. v.), 10:1 (JE), Dt 2:34, 3:6, 3:6, 7:2, 7:2 (commanded through Moses, cf. for underlying thought v:4, v:5, v:6), 20:17, 20:17 (commanded by י׳), Jos 2:10, 10:28; 10:35; 10:37; 10:39; 10:40 (divine command), 11:11, 11:12, 11:20, 11:21 (divine command v:12, v:20; all D), 1 S 15:3, 15:8, 15:9, 15:9, 15:15, 15:18, 15:20 (divine command v:3, v:18, v:20, cf. v:11, v:22, v:23); quite secondary is simple exterminate 1 K 9:21, 1 Ch 4:41. b. secondary mng. destroy, exterminate, also with other nations subj.:—2 K 19:11 = Is 37:11 = 2 Ch 32:14, 2 Ch 20:23, Je 50:21, 50:26 (both by divine command), 51:3, Dn 11:44. c. God as subj., fig. all nations and their armies Is 34:2; the nations of Western Asia Je 25:9; the tongue of the Egyptian sea (by drying it up) Is 11:15 (but rd. perh. החריב with LXX SyrVer Vulgate Targum). d. so also of devoting even Israelites: a city of Isr. for worshipping other gods Dt 13:16; residents of Jabesh-Gilead for not joining in campaign against Benj. Ju 21:11.
2. devote to י׳: for sacred uses החרים ליהוה the spoil of the nations Mi 4:13; private possessions, whether a man, animal, or field Lv 27:28 (P). Hoph. Impf. יָחֳרַם Lv 27:29, Ezr 10:8; יָחֳרָָם Ex 22:19; —1. be put under the ban, devoted (to death), for worshipping other gods than י׳ Ex 22:19 (JE; earliest use of word in OT); for some other theocratic offence Lv 27:29 (P; v. Di). 2. devoted, i.e. forfeited, to the temple treasures Ezr 10:8.—On חרם v. esp. Di (Kn) Lv 27:28; Ew:Antiq. 75. 78, Dr 1 S 15:33.
† I. חֵ֫רֶם n.m.:Lv 27:28
1. devoted thing.
2. devotion, ban;—ח׳ abs. Jos 6:17 + 24 t. (most rd. חֶרֶם Zc 14:11, Baer חֵרֶם); חֶָרֶם Jos 7:1; sf. חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42, Is 34:5; —thing devoted to י׳: 1. thing hostile to theocracy, and therefore (in the strictest application) to be either destroyed, or, in the case of certain objects (e.g. si1ver and gold, vessels of brass and iron Jos 6:19, 6:24), set apart to sacred uses; esp. a. of a Canaan. city, as Jericho, incl. all inhab. (exc. Rahab's family) and spoil Jos 6:17, 6:18, 6:18, 7:1, 7:11, 7:15; Achan by taking מִן־הַחֵרֶם made (camp of) Isr. ח׳ 7:12 cf. 6:18, and became himself ח׳, and was stoned and, with his family and possessions, incl. the spoil, was burnt 7:1, 7:11, 7:12, 7:13, 7:13 (all JE exc. 7:1 P; cf. v:15, v:24, v:25); מָעַל מַעַל בַּח׳ committed unfaithfulness in the matter of the devoted thing is term for the sin Jos 7:1, 22:20 (both P), cf. מָעַל בַּח׳ 1 Ch 2:7; Saul and Isr. spared Agag king of Amalek and רֵאשִׁית הַח׳ i.e. of the spoil (sheep and oxen), wh. should have been utterly destroyed 1 S 15:21 (cf. v:3, v:8; Saul rejected by י׳ for this v:11, v:26); so an idolatr. city in Isr. should become י׳, with all its contents, and be utterly destroyed Dt 13:17 (cf. v:13, v:15, v:16). b. of individuals, one having relic of Canaanit. god in his house should become ח׳, the relic being ח׳ Dt 7:26, 7:26; every human being who became ח׳ should be killed Lv 27:29, 27:29 (P; v. Di). 2. appar. (so Di) anything devoted to sanctuary under specially stringent conditions Lv 27:28 (v. Di; and cf. Ezr 10:8); a field consecrated to י׳ becomes under certain conditions כִּשְׂדֵה הַח׳ Lv 27:21; every ח׳ is קֹדֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים ליהוה v:28, and no ח׳ that a man may devote, whether man, beast or field, may be sold or redeemed v:28; every such ח׳ (as in case of metals and metal objects Jos 6:17, 6:19) went to Aaron and his sons Nu 18:14 (P), to Zadokite priests Ez 44:29.
3. devotion, ban, involving destruction; אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42 man under my (י׳'s) ban (of Benhadad); עַם חֶרְמִי Is 34:5 (of Edom); נחן לַח׳ Is 43:28 fig. of י׳'s giving over Jud. to Chald.; ח׳ not to be in future Zc 14:11; פֶּן־אָבוֹא וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ ח׳ Mal 3:24 smite the land with a ban, i.e. utterly destroy it.
† חֳרֵם n.pr.loc. (sacred; cf. Sab. n.pr.loc. אחרם DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 43)—a place in tribe of Naphtali Jos 19:38 (P); not identified.
† חָרִם n.pr.m. (consecrated; cf. Sab. n.pr.m. חרם, יחרמאל Ha1:411. 504 DHM:1. c.)—
1. priest of the third course, David's time, acc. to 1 Ch 24:8.
2. priest of time of Nehemiah Ne 10:6.
3. heads of families of returning exiles: a. Ezr 2:39 = Ne 7:42, Ezr 10:21, Ne 12:15. b. Ezr 2:32 = Ne 7:35, Ezr 10:31, Ne 3:11.
4. a prince Ne 10:28.
† חָרְמָה n.pr.loc. (asylum, cf. Ar. id., Wetzst:ZKW v. 1884, 115)—a royal city of Canaanites, in the South, in tribe of Simeon Nu 14:45 (JE; art. only here v. Di), 21:3 (J) where name expl. from Israel's devoting Canaanites of Arad to destruction; Jos 15:30, 19:4 (P), Dt 1:44, Jos 12:14 (D), 1 S 30:30, 1 Ch 4:30; originally called חְפַת Ju 1:17, where name is said to have been changed to Ḥormah because Judah and Simeon (after death of Joshua) devoted its inhabitants to destruction, v. Di Nu 21:3.—On site v. חְפַת.
† חֶרְמוֹן n. pr. mont. Hermon (sacred mountain, cf. Sab. מחרם, etc., temple, Ar. حَرَامُ interior of mosque, حُرْمَةُ asylum, Wetzst:ZKW v. 1884, 115 RS:Sem. i, 93; 2nd ed., 94)—the highest peak of Anti-Lebanon range, usually snow-capped, commanding southern Syria & northern Palestine; it is called שִׂיאֹן by the author of Dt 4:48; by the Amorites שְׂנִיר, by the Sidonians שִׂרְיֹן Dt 3:9. It has three peaks; and the names חרמון and שׂניר, distinguished in 1 Ch 5:23, Ct 4:8, may refer to two of these peaks; חֶרְמוֹנִים Ps 42:7 prob. refers to these different peaks (see Rob:BR iii. 357 Bäd:Pal 301). It is a northern boundary עד הר ח׳ Dt 3:8, Jos 12:1; הר חרמוֹן mount Hermon is used also Jos 11:17, 12:5, 13:5, 13:11, 1 Ch 5:23; but חרמון Jos 11:3, Ps 89:13, 133:3, Ct 4:8. Vid. בַּעַל חֶרְמוֹן Ju 3:3, 1 Ch 5:23 (see Wetzst:ib. 115).
חֶרְמוֹנִים v. foregoing.
† II. [חָרַם] vb. slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate, esp. face (Ar. خَرَمُ perforate, pierce, slit the partition between the nostrils, or the lip, or the lobe of the ear)—Qal Pt. pass. אִישׁ עִוֵּר אוֹ פִּסֵּחַ אוֹ חָרֻם אוֹ שָׂרוּעַ a man blind or lame or mutilated in the face (in nose, lip, ear, etc.), or too long in a limb Lv 21:18 (H), v. Di (Kn).
† II. חֵ֫רֶם n.m. net (as something perforated; cf. Ar. مُخَرَّمُ perforated work, Fl in NHWB:ii, 208; NH חֵרֶם net; Ph. חרם maker of nets)—abs. ח׳ Mi 7:2; sf. חֶרְמִי Ez 32:3, חֶרְמוֹ Hb 1:15, 1:16, 1:17; pl. חֲרָמִים Ec 7:26, Ez 26:5, 26:14, 47:10; —hunter's net Mi 7:2, Ec 7:26; fisherman's net Ez 26:5, 26:14, 32:3, 47:10, Hb 1:15, 1:16, 1:17.
† חֶרְמֵשׁ n.[m.] sickle (on form v. Ges:§ 85 xii. 55)—Dt 16:9, 23:26.
† I. חָרָן n.pr.loc. city in northern Mesopotamia (As. ḫarrânu = road, path COT:Gloss; cf. Dl:Pa 185; Jensen:Kosmologie 28 ‘ junction of trading-routes ’ = cross-roads)—mentioned as city of Abram's sojourn Gn 11:31, where his father Teraḥ died v:32, and whence he departed for Canaan 12:4, 12:5; where Laban, Jacob's uncle, lived, and whither Jacob fled 27:43, 28:10 (both חָרָ֫נָה), 29:4; as conquered by fathers of Sennacherib 2 K 19:12 = Is 37:12; as place of trade Ez 27:23; As. Ḫarrana (-ni), Schr:COT on Gn 11:31, 27:43 LXX Ξαρραν. It was an ancient seat of worship of moon-god (Sin), v. Schr:KG 355, 596; see further Chwolsohn:Ssabier i, 303 ff. Wüstenfeld:ZMG 1864, 443 f. Schr:KG 355, 536 Sachau:Reise 217 ff. Mez:Gesch. d. Stadt Harran, 1892.
† II. חָרָן n.pr.m. son of Caleb of Judah 1 Ch 2:46, 2:46; LXX Αρραν, LXXL Ωρων (Sab. n.pr. חרן DHM:Epigr. Dakam. 56).
חוֹרֹן, חֹרֹן v. בֵּית חוֹרֹן p. III supr.
חֹרֹנִי adj. gent. v. id.
† חֹרוֹנַיִם, חֹרֹנַיִם n.pr.loc. (poss. two hollows, caves, ravines, v. בֵּית חוֹרֹן)—דֶּרָח חרונים Is 15:5, Je 48:3, מוֹרַד חֹרוֹנָ֑יִם Je 48:5, חֹרֹיִם 48:34, city of Moab; = MI:31.32 חורנן (i.e. prob. חוֹרֹנֵן); LXX Αρωνιειμ, Ωρωνσιμ.—On חֹרֹנַיִם LXX Jos 13:10, 13:11, 2 S 13:34 v. We Dr and בֵּית חוֹרֹן.
† חַרְנֶ֫פֶר n.pr.m. name in tribe of Asher 1 Ch 7:36 = n.pr.loc. v. Be.—LXX Αναρφαρ, A Αρναφαρ, LXXL Αριαφερ.
חרס (√ of foll,; meaning dubious).
† I. חֶ֫רֶס n.m.:Ju 14:18 sun (NH id.)—abs. ח׳ Jb 9:7 (‖כוכבים); c. ה epenth. בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַ֫רְסָה Ju 14:18 (cf. לַיִל, לַיְלָה) before the sun could go down (but rd. perh. הַחַ֫דְרָה into the (bridal) chamber Sta:ZAW 1884, 253 ff.).
† II. [חֶ֫רֶס] n.pr.loc. 1. abode of Amorites, בְּהַר־חֶרֶם בְּאַיָּלוֹן וּבְשַׁעַלְבִַים Ju 1:35, since חֶרֶס sun = שֶׁמֶשׁ, perh. = בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ
1. (q.v.), so Stu (who prop. עִיר חֶרֶס = עָר), Ke Be Bu:RS 17 Öt Bla; LXX ἐν τῷ [ὔρει τοῦ] Μυρσινῶνι(-ος) = הַר הֲדַס.
2. place E. of Jordan מִלְמַעֲלֵה הֶחָָרֶס Ju 8:13 from the ascent of Ḥeres, LXX Αρες; the point whence Gideon turned back from pursuing Midian; Aq Symm rd. הֶהָרִים (v. Lag:Onom. 96, 2nd ed. 131) so SS.—תִּמְנַת־חֶרֶס Ju 2:9 v. sub תִּמְנַת , √ מנה.
III. חֶרֶס, חַרְסִית, חרסות v. sub חרשׂ. p. 360
חרע (√ of foll.; perh. cf. Aram. ܚܪܰܥ Ethpa. be clever, ܚܐܪܥܳܐ shrewd, esp. in bad sense; Ar. خَرَعَ split, VIII. originate, invent).
† תַּחֲרֵעַ n.pr.m. a great-great-grandson of a Saul 1 Ch 9:41 LXX Θαρα(χ) = תַּאֲרֵעַ 8:35 LXX Θερεε, A Θαρεε; LXXL in both Θαραα.
† I. [חָרַף] vb. reproach (NH Pi. id.; Aram. חֲרַף id., ܚܰܪܶܦ sharpen, ܚܰܪܺܝܦ sharp, keen, acute);—Qal Impf. לאֹ־יֶחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָּמָָי Jb 27:6; Pt. sf. חֹרְפִי Ps 119:42, Pr 27:11; חוֹרְפֶיךָ Ps 69:10. Piel. Pf. חֵרֵף Ju 5:18 + 6 t.; חֵרַפְתָּ Is 37:23 + 4 t. etc. + 10 t. pf.; Impf. יְחָרֵף 2 S 21:21, 1 Ch 20:7; יְחָ֫רֶף Ps 74:10 + 2 t. sf.; Inf. לְחָרֵף Is 37:4 + 5 t.; בְּחָֽרְפָם 2 S 23:9 (but v. infr.); Pt. מְחָרֵף Ps 44:17; —reproach,—prop. say sharp things against,—taunt, c. acc. Ju 8:15, 1 S 17:10, 17:25, 17:26, 17:36, 17:45, 2 S 21:21 +1 Ch 20:7; God, by injustice to the poor Pr 14:31, 17:5; Yahweh, by idolatry Is 65:7; Yahweh as the God of Israel 2 K 19:4, 19:16, 19:22, 19:23 = Is 37:4, 37:17, 37:23, 37:24 = 2 Ch 32:17 (c. לְ); c. בְּ, Philistines 2 S 23:9 MT (but rd. בְּפַס דַּמִּים at Pas-dammîm, n.pr.loc., as 1 Ch 11:12 We Dr); reproach, Ne 6:13, Psalm 42:11, 44:17, 55:13, 57:4, 74:10, 74:18, 79:12, 89:52, 89:52, 102:9, Zp 2:8, 2:10; poet. and fig., despise, scorn, נפשׁ למוּת ח׳ Ju 5:18.
† חֶרְפָּה n.f. reproach—ח׳ Gn 34:14 + 35 t.; cstr. חֶרְפַּת Jos 5:9 + 15 t.; sf. חֶרְפָּֽתְךָ Ps 74:22 etc. + 17 t. sfs.; pl. חֲרָפוֹת Ps 69:11, Dn 12:2; cstr. חֶרְפּוֹת Ps 69:10.—
1. taunt of enemy 1 S 17:26; so also 1 S 25:39; reproach cast upon another, scorn, contumely Ne 3:36, 5:9, Ps 69:20, 69:21, 71:13, 89:51, 119:22, Pr 18:3, Is 51:7, Ez 21:33; שׁמע ח׳ Je 51:51, Zp 2:8, La 3:61; על נתן ח׳ Je 23:40; על נשׂא ח׳ Ps 15:3 (slander); נשׂא ח׳ Je 31:19, Ez 36:15, Mi 6:16 (reproach); נשׂא על ח׳ bear reproach for Ps 69:8, Je 15:15, Zp 3:18; השׁיב ח׳ Ho 12:15, Ne 3:36; חרף ח׳ Ps 69:10, 79:12, 89:51; מעל הסיר ח׳ 1 S 17:26, Is 25:8; העביר ח׳ Ps 119:39; reproaches against God Ps 69:10 (חֶרְפּוֹת חוֹרְפֶיךָ), 74:22, 79:12.
2. reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace: a. sexual 2 S 13:13, Is 47:3, Ez 16:57, Pr 6:33. b. barrenness of womb Gn 30:23 (E) is 4:1; widowhood Is 54:4. c. hunger Ez 36:30; disease Jb 19:5. d. ritual, uncircumcision Gn 34:14 (P) Jos 5:9 (JE). e. injuries from enemies La 3:30, 5:1, Ne 1:3, 2:7, Jb 16:10, Dn 11:18, 11:18.
3. a reproach, the object of reproach, the person of thing reproached חֶרְפַּת אָדָם a reproach of man Ps 22:7; נבל ח׳ 39:9; ל׳ היה ח׳ become an object of reproach to 31:12, 79:4, 89:42, 109:25, Ez 5:15; (ל׳)לח (היה) Is 30:5, Je 6:10, 20:8, 42:18, 44:8, 44:12, 49:13, Ps 69:11, Dn 9:16, 12:2; (ל׳) נתן ח׳ Ez 22:4, Jo 2:19, Ps 78:66; נתן לח׳ Je 24:9, 29:18, Ez 5:14, Jos 2:17; ל׳ שׂים ח׳ Ps 44:14; על שׂים ח׳ 1 S 11:2.
† II. חרף (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. خَرَفَ gather fruit, pluck).
† חֹ֫רֶף n.m. harvest-time, autumn (Ar. خَرِيفُ freshly gathered fruit, autumn (also rain of autumn or beginning of winter) = Sab. (ן)חַרפ DHM:ZMG 1875, xxix. 597; Sab. חַרף, חַרפם = year, cf. Eth. xarif: annus currens Os (Levy):ZMG 1865, 168, 174 DHM:ZMG 1883, 369; As ḫarpu, Schr:JPTh 1875, 341 KAT: 2 53 n. = COT:i. 54 n.)—abs. ח׳ Zc 14:8 + 5 t.; sf. חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4; —קַיִץ וָחֹרֶף Gn 8:22 (J), Ps 74:17, Zc 14:8; בֵּית הַח׳ autumn-house or palace Am 3:15, Je 36:22 (+ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִי in the 9th month, i.e. Nov.–Dec.); מח׳ עָחֵל לאֹ יַחֲרשׁ Pr 20:4 a sluggard ploughs not after harvest; as implying maturity, בִּימֵי חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4 in the days of my autumn (prime).
III. [חָרֵף] vb. denom. remain in harvest-time (so Ar. خَرَفَ; Eng. to winter)—only Qal Impf. 3 fs. כָּל־בֶּהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרָָף Is 18:6 all the beasts of the earth shall spend the harvest-time upon it.
† חָרֵף (dub. whether from I. or II.) n.pr.m. a chief of the line of Judah 1 Ch 2:51.
† חָרִף, חָרִיף n.pr.m. (cf. Ar. خَرِيفُ autumn, v. חֹרֶף supr.)—
1. חָרִף head of a family of returned exiles Ne 7:24 (LXX Αρειφ, LXXL Ιωρηε) = יוֹרָה (cf. יוֹרָה early rain) Ezr 2:18 (LXX Ουρα, A Ιωρα, LXXL Ωραι).
2. חָרִיף one of those sealed Ne 10:20 LXX Αρειφ(α), LXXL Αρηφ.
† חֲרִיפִּי Qr, חרופי Kt, adj. gent. c. art.; שְׁפַטְיָהוּ הַח׳ 1 Ch 12:6 (Baer, v:5 van d. H), LXX Χαρα(ι)φ(ε)ι, A Αρουφι; perh., if Qr right, connected with חָרִף Ne 7:24.
† IV. [חָרַף] vb. acquire (cf. Ar. حَرَفَ turn a thing from its proper way or manner, but also gain, acquire [subsistence] for one's family)—only Niph. Pt. f. שִׁפְחָה נֶחֱרֶפֶת לְאִישׁ a maidservant acquired for a man (viz. as his concubine) Lv 19:26 (H; cf. NH חֲרוּפָה of woman designated for a man).
† I. חָרַץ vb. cut, sharpen, decide (NH id., cut in, decide, Aram. in deriv.; As ḫarâṣu, dig, decide, ḫariṣu, trench, Zehnpfund:BAS i. 502; Ph. חרץ decision, Hoffm:AGG xxxvi, May 1889, 11)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jos 10:21; חָרָָחְתָּ 1 K 20:40; Impf. יֶחֱרַץ־ Ex 11:7; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרָָץ 2 S 5:24; Pt. pass. חָרוּץ Is 10:22, Lv 22:22; pl. חֲרוּחִים Jb 14:5 (v. also חָרוּץ infr.);—
1. cut, mutilate Lv 22:22 (עַוְּרֶת אוֹ שָׁבוּר אוֹ־חָרוּץ אוֹ יַבֶּלֶת).
2. sharpen, fig. the tongue, ־כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ לְלאֹ יֶח׳ Ex 11:7 (J), i.e. utter no sound against Isr., Jos 10:21.
3. decide 1 K 20:40 (abs.); so pt. pass חרוחים ימיו Jb 14:5 his days are determined, fixed (‖מִסְפַּר חדשׁיו), Is 10:22 כִּלָּיוֹן ח׳; act with decision 2 S 5:24. Niph. Pt. נֶחֱרָחָה Is 10:23 + 3 t.; נֶחֱרֶחֶת Dn 9:26 (both these forms inf. cstr. acc. to Ba:NB 90); decisive כָּלָה וְנֶח׳ Is 10:23, 28:22, Dn 9:27 a consumption and strict decision (i.e. that which is strictly determined), נֶעֱשָָׂתָה כי נ׳ Dn 11:36; שֹׁמֵמוֹת נח׳ Dn 9:26 strict determining of desolation.
† I. חָרוּץ adj. sharp, diligent (on this and foll. v. Ba:NB 173)—חָרוּץ Is 28:27 + 11 t.; pl. חֲרוּחִים Pr 10:4, 12:24; חֲרֻחִים Pr 13:4; חֲרֻחוֹת Am 1:3; —
1. sharp: of threshing instrument חָדָשׁ מוֹרָג ח׳ Is 41:15; without מ׳, as subst., 28:27 (where יוּדַשׁ); הַבַּרְזֶל ח׳ Am 1:3; Jb 41:22 (fig. of crocodile).
2. fig. diligent: as subst. Pr 21:5; opp. רְמִיָּךְ Pr 10:4, 12:24, 12:27; opp. עָצֵּל Pr 13:4.—Dn 9:25 v. IV. חרוץ.
† II. חָרוּץ n.[m.] strict decision, only עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Jo 4:14, 4:14 valley of strict decision (v. Ba:i. c.).
† III. חָרוּץ n.[m.] trench, moat (Aram. חֲרִיחָא; As. ḫariṣu, ḫiriṣu, id., Dl:HWB)—only in רְחוֹב וְח׳ Dn 9:25, si vera l.; as above Ges Herzf Ew Zö Meinh (q.v.); Gr רְחוֹב וחיץ; < SyrVer Bev רְחוֹב וָחוּץ with public places and streets.
† IV. חָרוּץ n.pr.m. father of king Amon's mother 2 K 21:19, LXX Αρους.
† [חָרִיץ] n.m.:1 S 17:18 a cut, thing cut, sharp instrument;—pl. cstr. חֲרִיחֵי 1 S 17:18, 1 Ch 20:3; חֲרִחֵי 2 S 12:31; —
1. הֶחָלָב ח׳ 1 S 17:18 cuts of milk i.e. cheeses.
2. sharp instr. of iron, 2 S 12:31 = 1 Ch 20:3 הַבַּרְזֶל וּבַמְּגֵרָוֹת בַּמְּגֵרָה ובח׳ (cf. Am 1:3 sub חרוץ 1, and Dr:Sm).
† חַרְחַנִּים n.m.pl. some insignificant vine-product, usu. taken as grape-kernels, grape-stones, fr. acrid taste, so Thes (after Onk Mishn), v. also זָּג p. 260 supr.: וְעַד־זָג מִגֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן מֵח׳ Nu 6:4 of the wine-vine, including both חרחנים and זג, he shall not eat.
II. חרץ be yellow (prob. √ of foll.: Syr. ܚܪܰܥ id. (rare), ܚܰܪܽܘܥܳܐ yellow; cf. Aram. חריע safflower, Ar. إِحرِيضُ id.: v. Nö:ZMG 1886, 728, Löw:Aram. Pflanzenn. 218 Kö:ii. l. 137).
† v. חָרוּץ n.m.:Pr 8:10 gold, poet. (Ph. חרץ, v. Dr:Sm xxviii; As. ḫurâṣu)—חָרוּץ Ps 68:14 + 5 t.; gold, always ‖כֶּסֶף; Zc 9:3, of dove's wings Ps 68:14 בִּירַקְרַק ח׳; elsewh. in comparison with value of wisdom, etc. Pr 3:14, 8:10 (נִבְחָר ח׳) v:19, 16:16.
חרחב (quadrilit. √ of foll.; cf. Ar. حَضْرَبَ bind or twist powerfully, Frey).
† [חַרְחֻבָּה] n.[f.] bond, fetter, pang, only pl. חַרְחֻבּוֹת;—
1. cstr. רֶשַׁע ח׳ Is 58:6 bonds of wickedness i.e. imposed by wicked men (‖אֲגֻדּוֹת מוֹטָה).
2. pangs (cf. חֶבֶל, חֵבֶל), abs. אֵין ח׳ למותם Ps 73:4 they have no pangs (rd. לָָמוֹ תָּם וגו׳).
חַרְחַנִּים v. sub. I. חרץ. above
† חָרַק vb. gnash or grind the teeth, only poet. (NH id.; Ar. حَرَقَ file, rub together, grate or grind (teeth); Aram. ܚܰܪܶܩ id.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jb 16:9; Impf. יַחֲרֹק Ps 112:10; וַיַּחַרְקוּ־ La 2:16; Inf. abs. חָרֹק Ps 35:16; Pt. חֹרֵק Ps 37:12; —grind the teeth in rage against: שׁניו על ח׳ Ps 37:12, 35:16 abs. without על 112:10, La 2:16 (only here c. שֵׁן sing.); c. בְּ instr. (Ges:§ 119, 3 b, R. Da:Synt, § 73 R. 6) בשׁניו על־ ח׳ Jb 16:9.
† I. [חָרַר] vb. be not, scorched, burn poet. & late (Ar. حَرُّ be hot, burn, thirst; Eth. h.arara: Aram. חַר; cf. As. arâru, glow, SASm:Asrb. i. p. 97 Belser:BAS ii. 155)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫רָה Jb 30:30, וְחָ֫רָה consec. Ez 24:11, חָ֫רוּ Is 24:6; —
1. be hot, scorched, Jerus., under fig. of caldron Ez 24:11.
2. burn = be burned, fig. of men, in י׳'s judgement, Is 24:6.
3. burn, of bones of sick men in fever מִנִּי־חֹרֶב ח׳ Jb 30:30. Niph. Pf. נָחַר Je 6:29, נָחָָר Ez 15:4, נִחַר Ps 69:4; 3 pl. נִחָָרוּ Ps 102:4 (Kö:i. 368); Impf. וַיֵּחָָר Ez 15:5 יֵחָָרוּ Ez 24:10 (del. Co B al.) 1. be scorched, of bellows מַפֻּחַ in fierce fire Je 6:29 (fig.); scorched, charred, of the vine (as fuel) Ez 15:4, 15:5 middle part charred, the ends devoured (אכל) by fire (sim. of inhab. of Jerus.); bones (sim. id.) Ez 24:10 (v. supr.). 2. burn, of bones in fever Ps 102:4 (כְּמוֹקֵד, cf. Qal Jb 30:30); be parched, of throat גרוני נח׳ 69:4.—Is 41:11, 45:24, Ct 1:6 v. חרה. Pilp. Inf. לְחַרְחַר־רִיב Pr 26:21 to kindle strife.
† [חָרֵר] n.[m.] parched place (Ar. حرَاتُ, Bd:Pal 196), only pl. abs. חֲרֵרִים; במדבר ח׳ Je 17:6 (‖עֲרָבָה) fig. of life of godless.
† חַרְחֻר n.m. violent heat, fever (v. Ba:NB 206)—ובחרב וגו׳ בַּשַּׁחֶפֶת וּבַקַּדַּחַת וּבַדַּלֶּקֶת וּבַח׳ Dt 28:22.
† חַרְחוּר n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:51 = Ne 7:53; LXX Αρου(α)ρ (meaning as above ? or fr. II. חרר ?).
II. חרר (√ of foll.; Ar. حَرَّ be or become free, حُرُّ free, freeborn; NH חרר Pi. set free, חֹר freeman; Aram. חֲרַר, ܚܰܪ Pa. set free, חֹרָא, חָרְתָּא freed-man, -woman; Sab. חר freeman, noble (?) DHM:Epigr.Denkm. 57; Eth. h.ari: coll. army, troops (in Amhar. free, noble, acc. to Di:85), h.ariwi: free, noble, etc.)
† II. [חֹר] n.m.:1 K 21:8 noble, late, esp. Neh., v. Dr:Intr 519 n. (v. Lag:BN 32)—only pl. חֹרִים 1 K 21:8 + 6 t., חוֹרִים Ec 10:17, Ne 6:17 + 3 t.; sf. חֹרֶיהָ Is 34:12; —nobles in Naboth's city 1 K 21:8, 21:11 nobles of Judah, חֹרֵי יְהוּדָה 6:17, 13:17, Je 27:20, 39:6, Ne 6:17, 13:17, והסגנים הח׳ (in Jerusalem) Ne 2:16, 4:8, 4:13, 5:7, 7:5, Ec 10:17, of Edom Is 34:12.—I. חֹר, v. II. חור.
III. חרר (√ of foll.; v. As ḫarâru, bore, pierce, ḫurru, hole, ravine Dl:Pr 150, 182; Ar. خُرُّ hole or mouth of millstone; NH חִרְחֵר bore pierce).
† III. חֹר, חוֹר n.[m.] hole;—abs. חֹר 2 K 12:10, Ez 8:7 (del. Co B etc.), חוֹר Ct 5:4, חֹרִים 1 S 14:11; cstr. חֹרֵי Jb 30:6; sf. חֹרָיו Na 2:13, חֹרֵיהֶן Zc 14:12; —hole in lid of chest 2 K 12:10 (made by boring, נקב), in door Ct 5:4; in wall Ez 8:7 (v. supra); = eye-socket עיניו תִּמַּקְנָה בְּח׳ Zc 14:12 (plague of enemies of Jerusalem); holes as hiding-places for men 1 S 14:11, so also 13:6 Ew We Dr (for MT חוחים), dwelling of outcast people חרי עָפָר Jb 30:6; of dens of lions Na 2:13.—I. חֹר, v. II. חור. p. 301
† חֻר, חוּר n.[m.] id.—coll. חוּר Is 42:22 as hiding-places of men; cstr. חֻר Is 11:8 hole of asp (פָָּחֶן).
† II. חֹרִי, חוֹרִי adj., usu. n.pr.gent. et pers. (prob. = cave-dweller, so Thes Rob Ges MV VB; v. also W Max Müll:Asien u. Europa 136, 155, 156)—
1. adj. gent. שֵׂעִיר הַח׳ Gn 36:20 Seir the Horite (P); rd. הַחִ׳ also v:2 for MT הַחִוִּי
2. n.pr.gent. alw. c. art.; usu. sg. coll. הַחֹרִיִ, ancient inhabitants of land of Edom Gn 14:6 (בְּהַרֲרָם שֵׂעִיר); in P called בְּנֵי שֵׂעִיר בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם 36:21 (vid. v:20); cf. v:29, v:30; acc. to Dt 2:12 (where alone הַחֹרִים), v:22 they were driven out by sons of Esau (yet v. Gn 36:1 c. and Di); LXX ὁ Χορραιος, οἱ Χορραιοι, (Gn 36:29, 36:30 Χορρ(ε)ι).
3. n. pr. pers. m. a. חֹרִי an Edomite Gn 36:22 = 1 Ch 1:39; LXX Χορρ(ε)ι. b. חִוֹרי a Simeonite Nu 13:5, but LXX Σουρ(ε)ι, LXXL Σουδρι.—I. חֹרִי v. sub I. חור.
חרשׂ (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. خَرَشَ vb. scratch, lacerate, خِرَاشُ irritation, etc.)
† חֶ֫רֶשׂ n.[m.] earthenware, earthen vessel, sherd, potsherd, P and late (NH חֶרֶס, Aram. חֲרַס)—abs. ח׳ Lv 6:21 + 9 t., חָָרֶשׂ Nu 5:17 + 4 t.; pl. cstr. חַרְשֵׂי Is 45:9; sf. חֲרָשֶׂיהָ Ez 23:34.—
1. earthenware: כְּלִיאח׳ earthen vessel Je 32:14; esp. P Lv 6:21, 11:33, 14:5, 14:50, 15:12, Nu 5:17; without כְּלִי Pr 26:23; cf. בַּקְבֻּק יוֹחֵר ח׳ Je 19:1; לְנִבְלֵי ח׳ La 4:2 they are reckoned as earthen vessels, sim. of sons of Zion; חֶרֶשׂ אֶת־חַרְשֵׂי אֲדָמָה Is 45:9 a potsherd (perh. = earthen vessel, v. Pr 26:23 supr.) among earthen potsherds (of men, over against י׳ their potter); sim. of dryness Ps 22:16.
2. a fragment of earthenware, sherd Is 30:14, Ez 23:34; לְהִתְגָּרֵד ח׳ Jb 2:8 a sherd to scrape himself; חַדּוּדֵי ח׳ Jb 41:22 sharpest potsherds, fig. of sharp scales on belly of crocodile.
חֲרֶשֶׂת v. קִיר־חֲרֶשֶׂת.
† III. [חֶ֫רֶס] n.[m.] an eruptive disease, itch (Aram. חַרְסָא, ܚܶܪܣܳܐ; also ܚܰܪܽܘܣ rough, etc.)—וּבֶחָָרֶס Dt 28:27 (‖עפלים Kt, גָּרָב).—I, II. חֶרֶם v. sub חרס. p. 357
† חרסות Kt, חַרְסִית Qr n.f.coll. potsherd—פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הַחַרְסִ֯ות Je 19:2, designation of a gate in Jerus.; opening of the gate of potsherds, i.e. where they were thrown (vid. v:10, v:11 and Gf); it led into the valley of Hinnom; LXX Χαρσ(ε)ιθ favours Qr.
† I. [חָרַשׁ] vb. cut in, engrave, plough, devise (NH id., plough, so Eth h.arasa: Ph. חרש, Aram. (rare) חֲרַת engrave, ܚܪܰܬ cleave, plough, Ar. حَرَشَ plough)—Qal Pf. חָֽרְשׁוּ Ps 129:3, חֲרַשְׁתֶּם Ju 14:18, Ho 10:13; Impf. יַחֲרשׁ Is 28:24, Pr 20:4; יַחֲרוֹשׁ Ho 10:11+ Am 6:12 (v. infr.); 2 ms. תַּחֲרשׁ Dt 22:10, Pr 3:29; Inf. cstr. חֲרשׁ 1 S 8:12; Pt. חֹרֵשׁ Gn 4:22 + 5 t.; חוֹרֵשׁ Am 9:13; pl. חֹרְשִׁים Ps 129:3, חֹרְשֵׁי Jb 4:8 + 3 t., fpl. abs. חֹרְשׁוֹת Jb 1:14; pass. חֲרוּשָׁה Je 17:1:—
1. cut in, engrave, of worker in metals נְחשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל ח׳ Gn 4:22 (J), נחשׁת ח׳ 1 K 7:14; fig. עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם ח׳ Je 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart.
2. plough, lit., human subj. (animal usu. c. בְּ), no obj. expr. 1 K 19:19, Dt 22:10, Is 28:24, so יַחֲרוֹשׁ בבקרים Am 6:12 (but rd. prob. יֵחָרֵשׁ בבקר יָם, v. We al.); c. acc. cogn. חֲרִישׁוֹ ח׳ 1 S 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Pr 20:4; fig. of Judah Ho 10:11; with ethical ref. רֶשַׁע ח׳ v:13 (‖קחר), אָיֶן ח׳ Jb 4:8 (‖זרע, קחר); עַל־גַּבִּי חָֽרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים Ps 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (fig. of oppression by wicked); חֹרֵשׁ = ploughman Is 28:24, Am 9:13 (‖קוֹחֵר); ח׳ with oxen subj. only Jb 1:14.
3. devise (as one who works in, practises), usu. bad sense, obj. רָעָה Pr 3:29, רַע 6:14; מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן v:18, חֹרְשֵׁי רַע Pr 12:20, 14:22; but also חֹרְשֵׁי טוֹב v:22. Niph. Impf. 3 fs. חִיּוֹן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ Mi 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Je 26:18. Hiph. Pt. מַחֲרִישׁ רָעָה עַל־ 1 S 23:9 fabricating mischief against (v. Dr, and cf. We).
† חָרָשׁ n.m.:Ex 38:23 graver, artificer (Ph. חרש)—abs. ח׳ (= חַרָּשׁ ) Ex 35:35 + 14 t.; cstr. חָרַשׁ Ex 28:11 + 2 t.; pl. חָֽרָשִׁים Ho 13:2 + 7 t.; חֲרָשִׁים 1 Ch 4:14, 4:14, Ne 11:35 (v. infr.); cstr. חָֽרָשֵׁי 2 S 5:11 + 6 t.;—
1. graver, artificer: a. worker in metal 1 S 13:19, Ho 8:6, 13:2, Dt 27:15, Je 10:9 (‖חֹרֵף), Is 40:19 (‖ id.), 54:16, 1 Ch 29:5; בַּרְזֶל ח׳ Is 44:12, 2 Ch 24:12; perh. also Is 41:7 (+ חֹרֵף); appar. = hammer Zc 2:3 (symbol.). b. worker in wood עֵץ ח׳ 2 S 5:11 = 1 Ch 14:1 (עֵחִים), 2 K 12:12, 22:6 = 2 Ch 34:11, Je 10:3, Is 40:20, 44:13 (v. also 1 Ch 22:15 infr.); perh. also Ezr 3:7, 2 Ch 24:12 (both ‖חחב). c. worker in stone אֶבֶן קִיר ח׳ 2 S 5:11 = 1 Ch 14:1 (om. אבן); also of engraving on gems אבן ח׳ Ex 28:11 (P; ‖פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם); see also foll. d. in gen. אֶבֶן וָעֵץ ח׳ 1 Ch 22:15; idol-maker חִירִים ח׳ Is 45:16, cf. 44:11 (also v:12, v:13 supr.), 2 K 24:14, 24:16, Je 24:1, 29:2 (all ‖מַסְגֵּר), Ex 35:35, 38:23 (both P; both ‖חשֵׁב). In גֵּיא חֲרָשִׁים 1 Ch 4:14, גֵּי הַחֲ׳ Ne 11:35 valley of (the) artificers, and חֲרָשִׁים artificers 1 Ch 4:14, ח has —ֲ exceptionally, v. O1:§ 183 a Kö:ii, § 60. 5; rd. חָֽרָשִׁים ?
2. fig. מַשְׁחִית ח׳ Ez 21:36 men skilled to destroy.
† I. חֲר֫שֶׁת n.f. carving, skilful working, only cstr. חֲרשֶׁת עֵץ Ex 31:5, 35:33; אֶבֶן ח׳ 31:5, 35:33.—II. חֲרשֶׁת v. p. 361 infr.
† חָרִישׁ n.m. ploughing, ploughing-time—abs. וְקָחִיר ח׳ Gn 45:6 (E) ploughing and harvesting; also (= time of ploughing and harvest) Ex 34:21 (JE); c. sf. as acc. cogn. חָרַשׁ חֲרִישׁוֹ 1 S 8:12 (v. supr. חָרַשׁ 2).
† [מַחֲרֵשָׁה, מַחֲרֶ֫שֶׁת] n.f. ploughshare—sg. sf. לִלְטוֹשׁ אִישׁ מַחֲרַשְׁתּוֹ v:20 to sharpen each man his ploughshare 1 S 13:20 (+ אֵתוֹ, קַרְדֻּמּוֹ) + מַחֲרֵשָׁתוֹ v:20, rd. prob. דָּרְבָּנוֹ his goad (so LXX SyrVer We Dr, see v:21); pl. abs. מַחֲרֵשֹׁת v:21 (+ similar list; on txt. of both vv. see Dr).
† II. [חָרֵשׁ] vb. 1. be silent, dumb, speechless; 2. be deaf; chiefly poet. (NH Pi. make deaf; Aram. ܚܪܶܫ, ܚܪܰܫ be dumb, deaf; Ar. خَرِسَ be dumb, speechless, cf. As. ḫarâšu, restrain, acc. to Dl:Pr 100; v. Lag:BN 120)—Qal Impf. יֶחֱרָָשׁ Ps 50:3; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרַשׁ Ps 28:1, 83:2; תֶּחֱרַָשׁ Ps 35:22, 109:1; תֶּחֱרָָשׁ Ps 39:13; 3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַָשְׁנָה Mi 7:16; —
1. be silent, alw. of God's keeping silence when men pray Ps 35:22, 50:3, 83:2, 109:1; sq. אֶל־ 39:13.
2. be deaf, subj. י׳, sq. מִמֶּנִּי Ps 28:1; subj. אָזְנַיִם Mi 7:16. Hiph. Pf. חֶחֱרִשׁ Nu 30:15, Gn 34:5; יְחֶחֱרִישׁ consec. Nu 30:5, 30:8; וְהֶחֱרִשׁ consec. Nu 30:12; הֶחֱרַ֫שְׁתִּי Est 7:4 + 2 t. etc.; Impf. יַחֲרִישׁ Nu 30:15 + 2 t. (incl. Zp 3:17 v. infr.); 2 ms. תַּחֲרִישׁ Hb 1:13; juss. תַּחְרֵשׁ 1 S 7:8; 2 mpl. תַּחֲרִישׁוּן Jb 13:5; תַּחֲרִשׁוּן Ex 14:14, etc.; Imv. הַחֲרֵשׁ Ju 18:19 + 2 t.; הַחֲרִ֫ישִׁי 2 S 13:20; הַחֲרִ֫ישׁוּ Jb 13:13, Is 41:1; Inf. abs. הַחֲרֵשׁ Nu 30:15 + 2 t.; Pt. מַחֲרִישׁ Gn 24:21 + 2 t. (incl. 1 S 10:27 v. infr.); מַחֲרִישִׁים 2 S 19:11; —1. be silent (= exhibit silence) a. almost alw. of men Gn 24:21, 34:5, Ex 14:14 (all J), Ju 18:19, 2 S 13:20, 19:11, 2 K 18:36 = Is 36:21, Je 4:19, Jb 6:24, 13:5, 13:5, 13:19, 33:31, 33:33, Pr 11:12, 17:28, Ps 32:3, Ne 5:8, Est 4:14; 4:14, 7:4; also וַיְהִי כְּמַחֲרִישׁ 1 S 10:27 (but rd. rather ויהי כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ and it came to pass after about a month, LXX Dr); יחרישׁ באהבתו Zp 3:17 (LXX SyrVer יְחַדֵּשׁ he will renew his love, v. esp. Buhl:ZAW v. 1885, 183); ח׳ c. לְ pers. keep silence at one, i.e. fail to make objection at proper time Nu 30:5, 30:8, 30:12, 30:15, 30:15, 30:15 (all P); אלי הח׳ Is 41:1 pregn. = come silently unto me; sq. מִן pers. cease to speak with Je 38:27; be silent about, pass by in silence, sq. acc. בַּדָּיו אח׳ Jb 41:4. b. rarely of God, permitting evil in silence Hb 1:13, Is 42:14, Ps 50:21. 2. once causat. make silent, c. acc. Jb 11:3.
3. be deaf, shew deafness: אַל־ תַּחֲרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ מִזְּעֹק 1 S 7:8 be not deaf (turning) from us, so as not to cry.
† חֵרֵשׁ adj. deaf—חֵרֵשׁ (= חִרֵּשׁ) Ex 4:11 + 4 t.; pl. חֵרְשִׁים Is 29:18 + 3 t.;—deaf, Ex 4:11 (J; ‖אִלֵּם), Ps 38:14 (‖ id.); also Lv 19:14 (H), Is 29:18, 35:5, 42:18, 42:19 + v:19 b (for last עִוֵּר, cf. 43:8; Gr:JQ 1891, Oct. p. 2 v. Che:Comm., JQ Jan. 1892, 382), 43:8; פֶּ֫תֶן ח׳ Ps 58:5 a deaf adder.
† I. חֶ֫רֶשׁ n.[m.] as adv. silently, secretly—מְרַגְּלִים ח׳ Jos 2:1 (JE) exploring secretly.
III. חרשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).
† חֹ֫רֶשׁ n.m.:Ez 31:3 wood, wooded height (As. ḫuršu, wooded height COT:Gloss Lyon:Sargontexte, Gloss (v. also Dl:Pr 180 Che:crit. n. on Is 17:9); NH חוֹרֶשׁ wood, forest; Aram. חוּרְשָׁא id.)—abs. ח׳ Is 17:9, Ez 31:3 (but on both v.infr.); חֹ֫רְשָׁה 1 S 23:16 (v. Dr); בַּחֹ֫רְשָׁה 1 S 23:15, 23:18, 23:19; pl. חֳרָשִׁים 2 Ch 27:4; —wooded height 1 S 23:15 (‖בָּהָר v:14), v:16, v:18, so בַּמְּחָדוֹת בַּח׳ בְּגִבְעַת הַחֲכִילָה v:19; בנה בִּירָנִיּוֹת וּמִגְדָּלִים וּבֶח׳ 2 Ch 27:4 and on the wooded heights he built fortresses and towers (‖בְּהַר יְהוּדָה); עֲזוּבַת הַחֹרֶשׁ וְהָאָמִיר Is 17:9 the forsaken places of the wooded heights and summits Ges Ew De Di RV; but rd. prob. החוי והאמרי ע׳ forsaken places of the Hivites and the Amorites, so LXX Lag Che Or Brd Du; ח׳ מֵחַל Ez 31:3 shade-giving wood or thicket, of close branches of cedar (but sense hardly legitimate; del. LXX Co).
IV. חרשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning unknown; suggestions on etym. v. infr.)
† II. חֶ֫רֶשׁ n.[m.] magic art, or perh. magic drug (Aram. ܚܪܶܫ practise magic, חָרָשׁ, ܚܰܪܳܫܳܐ magician, ܚܶܪܫܳܐ incantation, magic art, preparation of magic potion, so Eth. h.arise: one using incantations; h.aras: h.ars: h.ar4s: incantation, magic; comp. perh. Ar. خُرْسُ, خُرْسَةُ a medicinal broth given to women in childbed; חֶרֶשׁ perh. magical drug, v. RS:JPh xiv. 1885, 125)—only חֲכַם חֲרָשִׁים Is 3:3 skilled in magic arts, or drugs (‖נְבוֹן לָָחַשׁ), ( > others gen. = handicraft).
† III. חֶ֫רֶשׁ n.pr.m. a Levite 1 Ch 9:15 LXX Παραιηλ, A Αρες, LXXL Αρης.
† חַרְשָׁא n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:52 LXX Αρησα, LXXL Βαασα, = Ne 7:54 LXX Αδασα.
† II. חֲר֫שֶׁת n.pr.loc. only in combin. ח׳ הַגּוֹיִם, Ḥarosheth of the nations (v. גּוֹי), Ju 4:2, 4:13, 4:16; perh. mod. el-Ḥariṯîye, on right bank of lower Kishon, v. Thomson:Land and Book; Central Palestine, 1883, 215 ff. Bd:Pal 241 Be Bla Cooke:Hist. Deb. 3 GASm:Geog. 393.
חֲרָשִׁים v. חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also II. חֶרֶשׁ. above & p. 360
† [חֲרִישִׁי] adj. meaning wholly dub.; only רוּחַ קָדִים חֲרִישְׁית Jon 4:8; a silent east wind is not suitable in context; still = sultry is mere conject.; Hi autumnal (√ I. חרשׁ); St. prop. חרישׂית = חריסית, fr. חֶרֶס sun (or √ whence חֶרֶס comes) hot east wind; We makes no attempt to explain.
† [חָרַת] vb. grave, engrave, only Qal Pt. pass. חָרוּת עַל הַלֻּחֹת Ex 32:16 (E), engraved upon the tablets. (by finger of God), but fr. absence of ‖ in cogn. lang. (Ar. خَرَتَ is perforate, bore, slit) prob. error for חָרוּשׁ (Je 17:1).
† [חֶרֶת] n.pr.loc., only in יַעַר חָ֫רֶת 1 S 22:5.
† חָשַׂךְ vb. withhold, refrain (NH חָסַח, Aram. חֲסַח, ܚܣܰܟ; Palm. חסך remit, spare, Vog:Nos. 6:15; Sab. משחכן weaned (child) DHM:ZMG 1875, 608)—Qal Pf. חָשַׂךְ Gn 39:9 + 4 t. (+ Ez 30:18 Ba; v. חשׁך; Is 38:17 v. infr.), חָשָָׂךְ Is 14:6, חָֽשְׂכוּ Jb 30:10, חָשָָׂכוּ Je 14:10, etc.; Impf. יַחְשׂח Jb 16:5 + 2 t.; 2 ms. תַּחְשׂח Is 58:1, תַּחְשׂוֹח Pr 24:11; 2 fs. תַּחְשָׂכִי Is 54:2, etc.; Imv. חֲשׂח Ps 19:14; Pt. חֹשֵׂח Pr 10:19, 11:24; חוֹשֵׂח Pr 13:24, 17:27; sq.—
1. a. withhold, keep back, keep for oneself, acc., Gn 22:12 (E), v:16, 39:9 (sq. מִמֶּגִּי; both J); abs. Pr 21:26 (opp. נָתַן); withhold the rod (שׁבט) in discipline, Pr 13:24; no obj. expr. 11:24, 24:11. b. keep one from evil, calamity, SheÕ’ôl, etc., c. acc. and מִן Gn 20:6 (E), 1 S 25:39, Ps 19:14; מִמָּוֶת נַפְשָׁם ח׳ Ps 78:50 cf. Jb 33:18, Is 38:7 (rd. חָשַׂכְתָּ or חֲשׂח for MT חָשַׁקְתָּ, v. חשׁק); abs. hinder (i.e. calamities fr. coming) Is 14:6; לְמַטָח מֵעֲוֹנֵנוּ ח׳ Ezr 9:13 thou hast kept back, downward (= and kept down), part of our iniquity, i.e. hast not punished us according to our full desert. c. hold in check c. acc. 2 S 18:16 (or spare v. infr.); obj. רַגְלֵיהֶם Je 14:10; esp. of keeping silence, obj. פִּי Jb 7:11 restrain my mouth, שׂפתים Pr 10:19, אמרים 17:27; רֹק מִפָּנַי לאֹ ח׳ Jb 30:10 from my face they have not withheld spittle (= they have spit in my face). d. refrain (fr. doing what is mentioned in the context), abs. Is 54:2, 58:1. e. spare, c. acc. pers. 2 K 5:20 he hath spared Naaman מִקַּחַת so as not to take (= and hath not taken anything) out of his hand; perh. also 2 S 18:16 Joab spared the people (v. supr.). f. reserve for, c. acc. + לְ Jb 38:23.
2. (abs.) restrain, check (pain) i.e. assuage, so appar. MT Jb 16:5 (v. Di Kau; I would not restrain condolence of my lips, LXX SyrVer Me, rdg. לא אחשׂך for יחשׂך).—Ez 30:18 v. חשׁך. Niph. Impf. לְיוֹם אֵיד יֵחָשֶׂח־רָע Jb 21:30 at the day of calamity the wicked is spared (pass. of Qal 1 e); יֵחָשֵׂח Jb 16:6 be assuaged, of pain (pass of Qal 2).
† חָשַׂף vb. strip off, strip, make bare—Qal Pf. חָשַׂף Is 52:10, חֲשָׂפָהּ Jo 1:7, חָשַׂפְתִּי Je 13:26, 49:10; Impf. וַיֶּחֱשׂף Ps 29:9; Imv. fs. חֶשְׂפִּי־ Is 47:2; Inf. abs. חָשׂף Jo 1:7; cstr. לַחְשׂף Is 30:14, Hg 2:16; Pt. pass. חֲשׂוּפָה Ez 4:7, חֲשׂוּפַי Is 20:4 (pl. cstr. ? cf. infr.).—
1. strip off, expose oneself by removing (obj. שֹׁבֶל, flowing skirt, train) Is 47:2 of Babylon, personified as queen (‖גַּלִּי שׁוֹק), שׁוּלַיִח עַל־פָּנַיִח ח׳ Je 13:26.
2. strip, lay bare, fig. of י׳ Is 52:10 obj. זְרוֹעַ קדשׁו; of prophet, Ez 4:7 (but Co del. v. as interpol.); obj. pers. Je 49:10 (‖גִּלֵּיתִי); חָשׂף חשׂפהּ Jo 1:7 of locusts stripping fig-tree; חֲשׂוּפַי שֵׁת Is 20:4 (pt. either sg. coll., with formative ending י—ַ, De Lag:Se i. 19 (cf. 69), BN 192; or pl. cstr., v. Ges:§ 87, 1 c.); יְעָרוֹת ח׳ Ps 29:9 of voice of י׳ (i.e. a storm) stripping forests.
3. draw (water) Is 30:14; (wine) Hg 2:16; properly take from the surface, skim.
† [חָשִׂיף] n.m. only pl. cstr. כִּשְׁנֵי חֲשִׂפֵי עִוִּים 1 K 20:27 LXX Vulgate Targum and most, two little flocks of goats (חשׂיף = segregatum, strictly what is stripped off), but this without other evidence than authority of the Vrss; Klo proposes בַּשְּׁפִי מִשְׁפַּט עִזִּיס on the bare height, after the manner of goats.
† חֲשׂוּפָא, חֲשֻׁפָא n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim among the returning exiles חֲשׂוּפָא Ezr 2:43 = חֲשֻׂפָא Ne 7:46.
חֲשׂוּפַי Is 20:4 v. חשׂף. above
† מַחְשׂף n.m. a laying bare, stripping—only cstr. מַחְשׂף הַלָּבָן Gn 30:37 (J) a stripping of the white, i.e. so as to shew wood under the bark.
† חָשַׁב vb. think, account (NH id.; Aram. חֲשַׁב, حشَب; Ar. حَسَبَ; Eth. h.asab: id.; Ph. n. חשב mng. dub. v. CIS:i. 86)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Is 33:8 + 9 t.; חָשַׁבְתָּה 2 S 14:13 etc.; Impf. יַחְשֹׁב Is 10:7 + 4 t.; יַחֲשָׁב־ 2 S 19:20, Ps 40:18; sf. יַחְשְׁבֵנִי Jb 19:11, 33:10; pl. יַחְשְׁבוּ Ps 41:8, Dn 11:25; יַחְשָֹׁבוּ Is 13:17; יַחֲשֹׁבוּן Ps 35:20; נַחְשְׁבָה Je 18:18, etc. + 9 t. Impf.; Inf. cstr. לַחְשֹׁב Ex 31:4 + 3 t.; Pt. חשֵׁב Ex 26:1 + 15 t., חוֹשֵׁב 2 Ch 26:15; חשְׁבִים Ne 6:2 + 3 t., חשְׁבֵי Mi 2:1 + 3 t.;—I. of man:
1. think, account לבבו לא כן יחשׁב Is 10:7 not so thinketh his mind; חשׁבי שׁמוֹ Mal 3:16 those thinking of his name; sq. 2 acc. חשׁבנהו נגוע Is 53:4 we thought him stricken; elsewhere c. acc. + לְ Gn 38:15 (J), 1 S 1:13, Jb 19:15, 35:2, 41:24; so, fig., of crocodile Jb 41:19 he reckoneth iron as straw.
2. devise, plan, mean, c. acc. מַחֲשֶׁבֶת רָעָה Ez 38:10, רעה Ps 35:4, 140:3, Zc 7:10, 8:17, תַּהְפֻּכָוֹת Pr 16:30, מְזִמּוֹת Ps 10:2, 21:12, דִּבְרֵי מִרְמוֹת Ps 35:20, אָוֶן Mi 2:1, Ez 11:2, Ps 36:5, הַוּוֹת Ps 52:4; על (ה)רע ח׳ devise evil against Gn 50:20 (E), Je 48:2, Na 1:11, רעה לְ ח׳ Ps 41:8, מַחֲשֶׁבֶת על ח׳ Je 11:19, 18:18, 49:30, Dn 11:25, Est 8:3, 9:25, כזאת על ח׳ 2 S 14:13; c. inf. 1 S 18:25, Je 18:8, 23:27, Jb 6:26, Ne 6:2, 6:6, Est 9:24, Ps 140:5; c. לבלתי + Impf. 2 S 14:14 (where, however, Ew rds. חוֹבֵ for וחשׁב cf. We Dr; in this case לבלתי carries on לאֹ יִשָּׂא).
3. charge, impute עון ל׳ ח׳, 2 S 19:20 impute iniquity to.
4. esteem, value, regard, silver Is 13:17, a man Is 33:8, the servant of י׳ Is 53:3.
5. invent ingenious and artistic things, להם כלי שׁיר ח׳ Am 6:5 invent for themselves instruments of music; מחשׁבת (כל) ח׳ invent cunning work (of artistic devices in constr. of tabern.) Ex 31:4, 35:32, 35:35 (all P), so 2 Ch 2:13; מַעֲשֵׂה חשֵׁב work of the cunning (ingenious, inventive) workman (of artistic devices in weaving; see esp. VB and Di) Ex 26:1, 26:31, 28:6, 28:15, 36:8, 36:35, 39:3, 39:8 (all P); מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חוֹשֵׁב 2 Ch 26:15 inventions of inventive men (of engines of war); חָרָשׁ וְחשֵׁב craftsman and inventive workman (in constr. of tabern., vid. supr.) Ex 35:35, 38:23 (P). II. of God: 1. think, c. acc. pers + לְ indirect obj. account one לאויב, for an enemy Jb 13:24, 33:10; לוֹ כחריו ח׳ Jb 19:11 he accounted me unto him as his adversaries. 2. devise, plan, mean, c. acc. + ל indirect obj. לטבה for good Gn 50:20 (E); c. ל pers. לִי devise for me Ps 40:18; acc. rei + עַל, devise something against a person Mi 2:3, Je 18:11; towards one Je 29:11, c. אל against Je 49:20, 50:45; sq. inf. Je 26:3, 36:3, La 2:8. 3. impute, reckon, c. acc. rei + ל pers., the habit of believing in י׳ he reckoned to Abram as righteousness Gn 15:6 (JE; cf. Niph. 3); not impute iniquity to one Ps 32:2. Niph. Pf. נֶחְשַׁב Nu 18:27, 18:30, נֶחְשַׁבְתִּי Ps 88:5 etc. + 10 t. Pf.; Impf. יֵחָשֵׁב Lv 7:18 + 7 t., etc., + 6 t. Impf.; Pt. נֶחְשָׁב Is 2:22, 1 K 10:21, 2 Ch 9:20:—1. be accounted, thought, esteemed, c. כְּ as Ho 8:12, Is 5:28, 29:16, 40:15, Ps 44:23, Jb 18:3, 41:21; c. לְ Is 29:17 = 32:15, La 4:2; עִם with, among Ps 88:5, בַּמֶּה Is 2:22 at what (value) ? (v. prob. interpol.; om. LXX); c. acc. Dt 2:11, 2:20, Pr 17:28, Ne 13:13; נָכְרִיּוֹת נֶחְשַׁבְנוּ לוֹ Gn 31:13 (E; LXX Sam כְּנֶח׳) Is 40:17. 2. be computed, reckoned, c. לְ Jos 13:3 (D), עַל Lv 25:31 (P), 2 S 4:2: abs. כסף was not counted (so plentiful was it) 1 K 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20, 2 K 22:7. 3. be imputed to any one, c. לְ Lv 7:18, Nu 18:27, 18:30 (all P), Lv 17:4 (H) Pr 27:14; the interposition of Phinehas לוֹ לחדקה נח׳ Ps 106:31 was imputed to him for righteousness (cf. Qal II 3). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. חִשַּׁב Lv 25:27 + 4 t.; f. חִשְּׁבָה Jon 1:4; 1 s. חִשַּׁבְתִּי Ps 77:6, 119:59; Impf. יְחַשֵּׁב Pr 16:9, Dn 11:24, תְּחַשְּׁבוּן Na 1:9, etc., + 4 t. Impf.; Pt. מְחַשֵּׁב Pr 24:8:—1. think upon, consider, be mindful of, c. acc. Ps 77:6, 119:59, בֶּן־אֱנוֹשׁ וַתְּחַשְּׁבֵהוּ (מה) Ps 144:3 what (is) man's son, and thou thinkest upon him (‖תֵּדָעֵהוּ). 2. think to do, devise, plan, c. acc. Pr 16:9, אֶל of persons against whom Ho 7:15, Na 1:9, עַל Dn 11:24; c. inf. Ps 73:16, Pr 24:8; so of inanim. object הָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָּׁבֵר Jon 1:4 the ship was about to (minded to) be broken up. 3. count, reckon, the years since a sale of land Lv 25:27 (H); c. לְ pers. Lv 25:52 (H), 27:18, 27:23 (P); c. עִם Lv 25:50 (P); c. אֶת 2 K 12:16. Hithp. Impf. בַּגּוֹיִם לאֹ יִתְחַשָָּׁב Nu 23:9 (JE) among the nations it shall not reckon itself.
† חֵ֫שֶׁב n.m. ingenious work, name of the girdle or band of the ephod (cunningly woven band, RV), only P; alw. in combin., ד(ו)האפ ח׳ Ex 28:27, 28:28, 29:5, 39:20, 39:21, Lv 8:7; אֲפֻדָּתוֹ ח׳ Ex 28:8, 39:5.
† חֲשֻׁבָה n.pr.m. (consideration)—son of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:20; LXX Ασουβε, LXXL Αασαβαθ.
† חַשּׁוּב n.pr.m. (considerate)—
1. a Levite chief 1 Ch 9:14, Ne 11:15, LXX Ασουβ.
2. builders at the wall: a. Ne 3:11, 10:24, LXX Ασουβ, Ασουθ. b. Ne 3:23, LXX Ασουβ.
† I. חֶשְׁבּוֹן n.m. reckoning, account (NH Aram. id.) Ec 9:10, בקּשׁ ח׳ Ec 7:25, מחא ח׳ Ec 7:27.
† II. חֶשְׁבּוֹן n.pr.loc. of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites Nu 21:26, 21:27, 21:28, 21:30, 21:34, 32:3 (all E); Dt 1:4, 2:24, 2:26, 2:30, 3:2, 3:6, 4:46, 29:6, Jos 9:10, 12:2, 12:5, 13:10, 13:21, 13:27 (all D) Ju 11:19, Je 48:45, Ne 9:22; captured by Israel who dwelt in it Nu 21:25 (E) Ju 11:26; rebuilt by Reuben Nu 32:37 (E), given to Reuben at the division of the land Jos 13:17 (P); on the border of Gad, Jos 13:26 (P), it subsequently fell to Gad and was assigned to Levites out of that tribe Jos 21:39 (P) 1 Ch 6:66; the Moabites gained possession of it Is 15:4, 16:8, 16:9 and subsequently the Ammonites Je 48:2, 48:34, 48:45, 49:3; it was celebrated for its fish ponds Ct 7:5.—Mod. Ḥusbân, Seetzen:Reisen i. 407 Rob:BR i. 551 BD:Pal 191 Survey:EP 8.
† [חִשָּׁבוֹן] n.m. device, invention (cf. Lag:BN 200)—only pl. abs. חִשְּׁבֹנוֹת; עָשָׁה הָאֱלֽהִים אֶת־הָאָדָם יָשָׁר וְהֵמָּה בִקְשׁוּ חִשְּׁבֹנוֹת רַבִּים Ec 7:29 God made mankind upright but they sought out many devices; וַיַּעַשׂ חִשְּׁבֹנוֹת מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חֹוֹבֵ 2 Ch 26:15 and he made contrivances (i.e. engines of war for hurling stones and arrows, see v:b) the invention of inventive men.
† חֲשַׁבְיָ֫הוּ, חֲשַׁבְיָה n.pr.m. (Yah(u) has taken account)—
1. חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ a temple musician 1 Ch 25:3 = חֲשַׁבְיָה v:19; LXX in both Ασαβια.
2. חֲשַׁבְיָה a Levite, David's time 1 Ch 27:17; perh. = חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ, officer of David in Hebron 1 Ch 26:30; in both LXX Ασαβιας.
3. חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ a Levite, Josiah's time 2 Ch 35:9; LXX Ασαβια. Elsewhere חשׁביה:
4. Levite in line of Merari 1 Ch 6:30 LXX Ασεβ(ε)ι, Ασαβια.
5. Levite 1 Ch 9:14, LXX Ασαβια = Ne 11:15, A LXXL Ασαβιου[ας]
6. Levite, Ezra's time Ezr 8:19, 8:24, Ne 10:12, 11:22, 12:24 (LXX Ασαβιας etc.) = חֲשַׁבְנְיָה 2, q. v.
7. head of a family of priests Ne 12:21, LXX Ασαβιας.
8. a builder at the wall Ne 3:17, LXX Ασαβια(ς).
† חֲשַׁבְנָה n.pr.m. (this and foll. perh. txt. err. for (ו)חשׁביה; yet LXX Εσβανα, LXXL Ασβανα)—a chief of the people, Nehemiah's time Ne 10:26. Vid. also following.
חֲשַׁבְנְיָה n.pr.m. (v. foregoing);—
1. father of a builder at the wall Ne 3:10, LXX Ασβαναμ; LXXL Σαβανιου[-ας].
2. a Levite Ne 9:5 (om. LXX = חֲשַׁבְיָה 6.
† מַחֲשָׁבָה n.f. thought, device (chiefly poet. and late)—abs. מ׳ Je 18:11, 49:30; מַחֲשֶׁ֫בֶת Ez 38:10; מַחֲשָָׁבֶת Ex 35:33, 2 Ch 2:13; cstr. מַחֲשֶׁבֶת Est 8:5, 2 Ch 26:15; sf. מַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ Est 8:3, 9:25; pl. מַחֲשָׁבוֹת Je 11:19 + 7 t.; מַחֲשְׁבֹת Ex 31:4 + 3 t.; cstr. מַחְשְׁבוֹת Is 59:7 + 13 t.; מַחְשְׁבֹת Gn 6:5; sf. מַחְשְׁבוֹתַי Is 55:8 etc. + 19 t. sfs.;—
1. thought: a. of man אדם מ׳ Ps 94:11; לֵב מ׳ Ps 33:11 thoughts of the mind; (לב) יחר מ׳ (כל) Gn 6:5 (J), 1 Ch 28:9, 29:18. b. of God יהוה מ׳ Mi 4:12; c. אֶל־ Ps 40:6; עַל־ Je 51:29; the thoughts of God are exceeding deep Ps 92:6; higher than man's thoughts Is 55:8, 55:8, 55:9, 55:9.
2. device, plan, purpose Is 55:7, 59:7, 65:2, 66:18, Je 6:19, 18:12, Ps 56:6, Pr 19:21, Jb 21:27, La 3:60, 3:61, Est 8:5; חָרוּץ מ׳ Pr 21:5; עֲרוּמִים מ׳ Jb 5:12; חדיקים מ׳ Pr 12:5; עמים מ׳ Ps 33:10; אֹון מ׳ Is 59:7, Je 4:14, Pr 6:18; רע מ׳ Pr 15:26; שָׁלוֹם מ׳ Je 21:11; חשׁב מ׳ devise devices 2 S 14:14, Je 11:19, 18:11, 18:18, 29:11, 49:20, 49:30, 50:45, Ez 38:10, Dn 11:24, 11:25, Est 8:3, 9:25; מ׳ as subj. of נָכוֹן be established Pr 16:3, 20:18; הפר מ׳ break plans Pr 15:22.
3. invention Ex 31:4, 35:32, 35:33, 35:35 (all P), 2 Ch 2:13, 26:15 (v. חָשַׁב I 5).
† חַשְׁבַּדָּנָה n.pr.m. (etym. dub.)—one of those who stood with Ezra at the reading of the law Ne 8:4; B om.; A Ασαβααμα, LXXL Αβαανας.
† [חָשָׁה] vb. be silent, inactive, still (chiefly poet. and late) (NH id., Aram. in deriv.)—Qal Impf. 2 ms. תֶּחֱשֶׁה Ps 28:1, Is 64:11; אֶחֱשֶׁה Is 62:1, 65:6; יֶחֱשׁוּ Is 62:6; וַיֶּחֱשׁוּ Ps 107:29; —be silent Ec 3:7 (opp. לְדַבֵּר); Is 62:1, 62:6 (= neglect to speak); of י׳ i.e. be unresponsive Ps 28:1 (‖חרשׁ); Is 64:11 (‖הִתְאַפַּק); but 65:6 of י׳'s keeping silence at iniquity, i.e. overlooking it (cf. 57:11 Hiph.); of waves, be still Ps 107:29 (subj. גַּלֵּיהֶם). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱשֵׁיתִי Ps 39:3, Is 42:14; Imv. הֶחֱשׁוּ 2 K 2:3, 2:5; Pt. מַחְשֶׁה Is 57:11; pl. מַחְשִׁים Ju 18:9 + 3 t.;—
1. exhibit silence, be silent 2 K 2:3, 2:5, 7:9, Ps 39:3 (sq. מִטּוֹב, ‖נֶאֱלַמְתִּי), fig. Is 42:14 (‖אחרישׁ); of י׳'s being silent at iniquity Is 57:11 (i.e. overlooking it, cf. Qal 65:5), poss. also is be silent, opp. rescue, Ges Che Di Du.
2. shew inactivity Ju 18:9, מִקַּחַת הח׳ 1 K 22:3 Gilead is ours, and we shew inactivity so as not to take it.
3. causat. make still, quiet, sq. לְ, of direct obj. Ne 8:11 (v:b הַסּוּ q.v.)
חֻשִׁים, חֻשָם v. supr. p. 302 a.
† חָשַׁךְ vb. be, grow dark (NH id.; Aram. חֲשַׁח, ܚܫܶܟ; Ar. حَسِكَ bear rancour, v. Lag:BN 30)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Is 5:30 + 4 t.; וְחָֽשְׁכָה consec. Mi 3:6 (but v. infr.); חָֽשְׁכוּ La 5:17; וְחָֽשְׁכוּ consec. Ec 12:3; Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחְשַׁח Ec 12:2; וַתֶּחְשַׁח Ex 10:15; 3 mpl. יֶחְשְׁכוּ Jb 3:9; 3 fpl. תֶּחְשַׁכְנָה Ps 69:24; —
1. be, grow dark, אוֹר Is 5:30, cf. (fig.) Jb 18:6; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Is 13:10 (fig.); היום Ez 30:18 (where rd. חשׁך, for MT Baer חשׂך); Jb 3:9 (subj. כוכבים), cf. Ec 12:2 (subj. השׁמשׁ, האור, הירח, הכוכבים); impers. Mi 3:6; (si vera 1.; but rd. prob. וַחֲשֵׁכָה, corresponding with לַיְלָה preceding).
2. have a dark colour: מִשְּׁחוֹר ח׳ תָּֽאֳרָם La 4:8 darker than blackness is their visage; of the earth הָאֶרֶץ Ex 10:15.
3. grow dim La 5:17 (subj. עינינו), cf. Ps 69:24 (fig.), Ec 12:3 subj. הָראֹוֹת i.e. the eyes. Hiph. Pf. הֶחְשִׁיח Am 5:8, וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֫י Am 8:9; Impf. יַחֲשִׁיח Ps 139:12; יַחְשִׁיח Je 13:16; וַיַּחְשִׁח Ps 105:28; Pt. מַחְשִׁיח Jb 38:2; —1. make dark, יום לילה הח׳ Am 5:8; abs. cause darkness Je 13:16, Ps 105:28, cf. Am 8:9 (לארץ). 2. = hide, conceal, sq. מִמֶּךָּ Ps 139:12. 3. fig. obscure, confuse Jb 38:2 (obj. עֵחָה).
† ח֫שֶׁךְ n.m.:Ex 10:21 darkness, obscurity;—abs. חשֶׁךְ Gn 1:2 + 75 t. (+ Ez 8:12 del. Co A B etc.); cstr. id. Ex 10:22; sf. חָשְׁכִּי Ps 18:29 = 2 S 22:29; —
1. darkness (opp. אוֹר) lit. Gn 1:2, 1:4 (P), Is 45:7, Jb 26:10, Ec 2:13, cf. in imprecation Jb 3:4, 3:5 (וחלמות ח׳) = לילה Gn 1:5, 1:18 (P), cf. Jos 2:5 (JE), Is 45:19, Jb 17:12, 24:16, 38:19, Ps 104:20; darkness in mines Jb 28:3; of extraordinary darkness, in Egypt Ex 10:21, 10:21 (E); ־אֲפֵלָהח׳ Ex 10:22 (E), Ps 105:28, from pillar of cloud Ex 14:20; at Mt. Sinai Dt 4:11, 5:20; of clouds of theophany 2 S 22:12 = Ps 18:12; of darkness in death, or SheÕ’ô l, 1 S 2:9, Jb 10:21 (וחלמות אֶרֶץ ח׳), 17:13, 18:18, Ps 88:13, Pr 20:20 (אִישׁוֹן ח׳ = extreme of darkness).
2. = secret place(s) Is 45:3, Jb 12:22 (‖חלמות); = hiding-place Jb 34:22 (‖ id.), cf. Ps 139:11, 139:12; —on Ez 8:12, v. supr.
3. fig., a. = distress Is 5:30, 9:1, 29:18 (fig. of blindness), 42:7, 49:9, 58:10, 59:9, 60:2, La 3:2, Mi 7:8, Ps 18:29 = 2 S 22:29, Jb 15:22, 15:23, 15:30, 20:26, 22:11, 23:17, 29:3, Ps 107:10, 107:14 (in both ‖חלמות), 112:4, Ec 5:16, 11:8. b. = dread, terror, symbol. of judgment Am 5:18, 5:20, Zp 1:15, Na 1:8, Ez 32:8, Jo 2:4, 3:4. c. = mourning Is 47:5. d. = perplexity Jb 5:14, 12:25, 19:8; confusion Ps 35:6. e. = ignorance Jb 37:19, Ec 2:14. f. = evil, sin Is 5:20, 5:20, Pr 2:13. g. = obscurity Ec 6:4, 6:4.
† [חָשֹׁךְ] adj. obscure, low, only mpl. as subst.; בַּל־יִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי חֲשֻׁכִּים Pr 22:29 he shall not stand before obscure men (opp. לפני־מלכים).
† חֲשֵׁכָה n.f. darkness (chiefly poet.)—ח׳ Gn 15:12 + 2 t., so rd. also prob. Mi 3:6 (for MT חָֽשְׁכָה); חֲשֵׁיכָה Ps 139:12; cstr. חֶשְׁכַּת Ps 18:12; pl. חֲשֵׁכִים Is 50:10; —darkness, opp. light (אוֹרָה) Psalm 139:12; supernat., גדולה ח׳ Gn 15:12 (JE); חֶשְׁכַּת־ מַיִם Ps 18:12 in theoph. (but ‖ 2 S 22:12 חַשְׁרַת־מים a mass of water); fig. = lack of understanding Ps 82:5; = distress Is 8:22 (‖חָרָה), 50:10.
† מַחְשַׁךְ n.m. dark place (poet.)—abs. מ׳ Is 29:15, 42:16; מַחְשָָׁךְ Ps 88:19; pl. מַחֲשַׁכִּים 88:7, 143:3 = La 3:6 cstr. מַחֲשַׁכֵּי Ps 74:20; —dark place: a. = hiding-place ־ארץמח׳ 74:20. b. dark region, in which men may lose their way Is 42:16. c. = grave, or שׁאול Ps 88:19 (v. Che); of dark place of God's wrath (like SheÕ’ ô l) 88:7; cf. 143:3 = La 3:6. d. = secret place, secrecy (of plots) Is 29:15.
† [חָשַׁל] vb. shatter (BAram. חֲשַׁל shatter; NH Pi., ‖משׁבר; Syr. ܚܫܠ forge a metal, Ar. حَسَلَ drive cattle violently; As. ḫašâlu, shatter, destroy Zim:BP 12 Dl:Pr 42)—Niph. Pt. fig. כָּל־ הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִים Dt 25:18 all the shattered ones, i.e. those broken down, worn out, sq. וְאַתָּה עָיֵף וְיָגֵעַ; others think = חלשׁ.
† חָשֻׁם n.pr.m. head of a family of returned exiles Ezr 2:19 = Ne 7:22, Ezr 10:33 cf. Ne 8:4, 10:19.
† חַשְׁמַל n.[m.] etym. and exact mng. dub.; evidently some shining substance; AV amber; supposed by Thes (q. v.) and most to be a brilliant amalgam of gold and silver, LXX ἤλεκτρον (v. Liddell & Scott s. v. 2), Vulgate electrum; v. also Dl in Baer:Ezech. xii; only in the combination כְּעֵין ח׳ like the appearance of ח׳ Ez 1:4, 1:27; בְּעֵין הַחַשְׁמַָלָה Ez 8:2 (on ending ה—ָ v. Ges:§ 90, 2 R a; Co del.)
† [חַשְׁמַן] n.m. only pl. חַשְׁמַגִּים Ps 68:32; mng. unknown, LXX SyrVer Vulgate ambassadors, Rabb. nobles, conject. from context; doubtless txt. err.; Nes:JBL 1891, 152 prop. בשׁמנים they shall come with oils, ointments, Hilg Che (after Aq Jer) חָשִׁם hasting.
† חֶשְׁמוֹן n.pr.loc. town in southern Judah, site unknown Jos 15:27.
† חַשְׁמֹנָה n.pr.loc. a station of Isr. in wilderness Nu 33:29, 33:30, site unknown.
חשׁן (√ of foll.; meaning not certain; Ar. حَسُنَ is be excellent, beautiful; حُسْنُ beauty, all excellence; hence poss. חשֶׁן either as chief ornament of ephod, or as the most excellent, precious article of high priest's attire).
† ח֫שֶׁן n.m. the breast-piece or sacred pouch, containing the אורים ותמים, worn on the breast of the high priest when he ministered in the Holy Place to bring the tribes for memorial. before י׳. It was made of the same material as the ephod (v. אֵפוֹד), a span square; set in front with twelve jewels in four rows, engraved with the names of the twelve tribes. It was firmly fastened to the shoulders of the ephod by gold chains passing through gold rings, and to the lower part of the ephod just above the girdle by a blue ribbon passing through other gold rings. It was מִשְׁפָּט(ה)חשֶׁן ( Ex 28:15, 28:29, 28:30) pouch of judgment, because of the decision given by the אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים. The name occurs only in P, Ex 25:7, 28:4, 28:15, 28:22, 28:23, 28:23, 28:24, 28:26, 28:28, 28:28, 28:29, 28:30, 29:5, 35:9, 35:27, 39:8, 39:9, 39:15, 39:16, 39:17, 39:19, 39:21, 39:21, Lv 8:8, 8:8.—Vid. Now:Arch. ii. 119.
† I. חָשַׁק vb. be attached to, love (NH press together, desire (rare); Aram. חֲשַׁק bind, saddle (an ass))—Qal Pf. ח׳ Dt 7:7 + 4 t.; חָֽשְׁקָה Gn 34:8; חָשַׁקְתָּ Is 38:17 (but v. infr.); וְחָֽשַׁקְתָּ֫ Dt 21:11; —be attached to, only fig. = love, a woman sq. בְּ Gn 34:8 (P) Dt 21:11; elsewh. of י׳'s; love for Israel Dt 7:7, 10:15, and of love to י׳ Ps 91:14; sq. acc. cogn.+ לְ and inf. כל־חֵשֶׁק שְׁלֽמה אשׁר ח׳ לִבְנוֹת 1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6; חָשַׁקְתָּ נַפְשִׁי מִשַּׁחַת Is 38:17 lit. thou hast loved my soul out of the pit, i.e. lovingly delivered it; but rd. חָשַׂכְתָּ thou hast held back, kept, from LXX Vulgate Lo Ew Che Di, or חֲשׂח hold back (Imv.), so Du.
† חֵ֫שֶׁק n.m. desire = thing desired—cstr. חֵשֶׁק שְׁלֽמֹה 1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6, 1 K 9:1; sf. נֶשֶׁף חִשְׁקִי Is 21:4 the twilight of my pleasure .
† [חָשׁוּק] n.[m.] fillet or ring clasping (binding) a pillar of the tabernacle, only pl. sf. חֲשֻׁקֵיהֶם Ex 27:10 + 5 t.; חֲשׁוּקַיהֶם Ex 38:12, 38:17; those of the pillars at door of tabernacle (הָאֹהֶל) were overlaid with gold Ex 36:38; those of the pillars of the court with silver 27:10, 27:11, 38:10, 38:11, 38:12, 38:17, 38:19 (all P), v. Di on Ex 27:10; > Thes and most who understand of connecting-rods, joining tops of pillars, from which curtains were hung.
† II. [חשׁק] vb. denom. only Pi. furnish with fillets or rings, and Pu. pass.; Pi. Pf. 3 ms. חִשַּׁק Ex 38:28 (P), subj. Bezaleel. Pu. Pt. מְחֻשָּׁקִים כֶּסֶף Ex 27:17, 38:17 finished with silver fillets, in agreement with הָעַמּוּדִים (both P).
† [חִשּׁוּק] n.[m.] spoke of a wheel (as binding felloe to nave)—pl. sf. חִשֻּׁקֵיהֶם 1 K 7:33.
חשׁר (√ of foll.; cf. As. ašâru, collect gather Zim:BP 39. In Ar., collect is حَشَرَ, but ش not usu. = שׁ).
† [חַשְׁרָה] n.f. collection, mass, only (si vera 1.) חַשְׁרַת־מַיִם 2 S 22:12 (חֶשְׁכַּת in ‖ Ps 18:12).
† [חִשּׁוּר] n.[m.] nave, hub of a wheel (which gather in the spokes)—pl. sf. חִשֻּׁרֵיהֶם 1 K 7:33.
חשׁשׁ (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. حَتَّ hasten, hurry (trans.), حُتُّ particles of straw, sand, dust, as flying quickly about; v. Lag:BN 40).
† חֲשַׁשׁ n.m. Is 59:24 chaff;—abs. תֵלְדוּ תַּהֲרוּ ח׳ קַשׁ Is 33:11 ye conceive chaff, ye bring forth stubble (fig. of vain attempt of Assyr.); cstr. לֶהָבָה ח׳ יִרְפֶּה Is 5:24 (‖קַשׁ) as flaming chaff sinketh down (sim. of perishing of heedless Judahites).
חֻשָׁתִי v. חושׁ. p. 302
חַת, חִתָּה v. חתת. p. 369
† חֵת n.pr.m. appar. represented as ancestor of the Hittites (etym. and mng. unknown; pronounced as fr. √ עע in Heb. & As., but not Egypt.; v. חִתִּי infr.)—‘begotten’ by Canaan Gn 10:15 (J) = 1 Ch 1:13; elsewh. only in combin. with בְּנֵי, בְּנוֹת; a. בְּנֵי־חֵת acc. to P lived at Mamre (Hebron), and one of them sold Abraham the cave of Machpelah for a sepulchre Gn 23:3, 23:5, 23:10, 23:10, 23:16, 23:18, 23:20, 25:10, 49:32. b. חֵת(־)בְּנוֹת only of wives of Esau Gn 27:46, 27:46 (P; LXX om. v:b; ‖בְּנוֹת הָאָרֶץ = בְּנוֹת כְּנָ֑עַן 28:1).
† חִתִּי adj. et n. gent. Hittite(s) (Egypt. Ḫ-tá, Ḫetá W Max Müll:Asien u. Europa, 319 ff.; As. Ḫatti, Schr:KG 192 ff. COT on Gn 10:19 Dl:Pa, 269 ff.; Telel-Amarna Ḫatti, Ḫatta Bez:Tel el Amarn. Brit. Mus. 150)—m. alw. c. art. הַחִתִּי Gn 23:10, Ex 3:8 +; f. חִתִּית Ez 16:3, 16:45; mpl. הַחִתִּים Jos 1:4 + 3 t.; fpl. חִתִּיֹּת 1 K 11:1; —
1. adj., of seller of Machpelah to Abr., עֶפְרוֹן הַחִתִּי Gn 23:10, 49:29, 49:30, 50:13; עֶפְרֹן בֶּן־חֹחַר הַח׳ 25:9 (all P); of fathers of Esau's wives בְּאֵרִי הַח׳ Gn 26:34; אֵילוֹן הַח׳ v:34, 36:2 (all P); also of warriors of David, אֲחִימֶלֶח הַח׳ 1 S 26:6, and esp. אוּרִיָּה הַח׳ 2 S 11:3, 11:6, 11:17, 11:21, 11:24, 12:9, 12:10, 23:39, 1 K 15:5, 1 Ch 11:41; fs. = subst., only of (religious) ancestry of Jerus. Ez 16:3 thy father was the Amorite, and thy mother was a Hittite woman חִתִּית, similarly v:45; fpl. = subst. of Sol.'s foreign wives, חִתִּיֹּת 1 K 11:1 Hittite women (+ מוֹאֲבִיּוֹת, עַמּוֹנִיּוֹת, אֲדֹמִיֹּת, חֵדְנִיֹּת).
2. n. usu. a. coll. הַחִתִּי the Hittites: in lists of Canaanitish peoples Gn 15:20 (JE), Ex 3:8, 3:11 (both J), 13:5, 23:23, 23:28, 33:2, 34:11, Nu 13:29, Jos 3:10 (all JE), Dt 7:1, 20:17, Jos 9:1, 12:8, 24:11 (all D); rd. also for הַחִוִּי Ju 3:3 (so We Mey Bu:Urg 350); in Jos 11:3 (D) del. הַחִתִּי We Mey Bu:1. c., and rd. then הַחִתִּי for הַחִוִּי v:b (so LXX, not LXXL); further 1 K 9:20 = 2 Ch 8:7, Ezr 9:1 Ne 9:8. b. pl. הַחִתִּים: כֹּל אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים Jos 1:4 (D) nearly = land of Canaanites; ארץ הַח׳ specif. of northern home of Hittites Ju 1:26; so also 2 S 24:6 where rd. אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים קֵ֫דְשָׁה (for MT תחתים חָדְשִׁי, v. חָדְשִׁי, קֵדֶשׁ); מַלְכֵי הַחִתִּים 1 K 10:29 = 2 Ch 1:17 (both + מַלְכֵי אֲרָם), 2 K 7:6 (+ מַלְכֵי מִחְרַיִם, both feared by אֲרָם). Hence it appears that (ם)הַחִתִּי had their proper seat in the north—where also they were encountered by Assyrians from time of TP I (v. Schr: Dl:i. c.), and by Egyptians from time of Tutmes III (v. W Max Müll.:1. c.)—(cf. also Ju 3:3, Jos 11:3 supr.), but that individual Hittites were known in Isr. (cf., besides 1 S 2:6, 2 S 11:3 etc., 1 K 9:20 supr.); that the Hittites were regarded (by JED) as one of the peoples of Canaan, and that the name even came to be used in more gen. sense for Canaanites. Only in P do they appear as having a definite settlement in the south, and are designated by בְּנֵי־חֵת (v. חֵת), as well as by the adj. הַחִתִּי.
† [חָתָה] vb. snatch up, usu. fire, coals (NH id.; Targum חֲתָא, id. (rare); As. ḫatû is destroy (i.e. snatch away ?) v. SASmith:Asrb i. 90)—Qal Impf. יַחְתֶּה Pr 6:27; sf. יַחְתְּךָ Ps 52:7; Inf. cstr. לַחְתִּוֹת Is 30:14; Pt. חֹתֶה Pr 25:22; —snatch up, c. acc. אֵשׁ מִיָּקוּד Is 30:14 to snatch up fire from a hearth (‖לַחְשׂף מים מִגֶּבֶא); אֵשׁ בְּחֵיקוֹ Pr 6:27 shall a man snatch up fire in his bosom and his garments not be burned ? (in sim. of adulterer); pregn. seize (and put) upon על־ראֹשׁוֹ גְּחָלִים אַתָּה ח׳ Pr 25:22; יַחְתְּךָ וְיִסָּֽחֲךָ מֵאָֹהֶל Ps 52:7 God shall snatch thee away, and pluck thee up tent-less.
† יַ֫חַת n.pr.m. (perh. for יַחְתֶּה, יַחֲתֶה he (God) will snatch up)—
1. grandson of Judah 1 Ch 4:2, 4:2, LXX Ιεθ, LXXL Ιαωθ.
2. Levites: a. 1 Ch 6:5, 6:28, LXX Ιεεθ, LXXL Ιααθ. b. 1 Ch 23:10, 23:11, LXX Ιεθ, LXXL Ιειηλ. c. 1 Ch 24:22, LXX Ιναθ, LXXL Ιααθ. d. 2 Ch 34:12, LXX Ιε(θ), LXXL Ιαεθ.
† מַ֫חַת n.pr.m. (perh. from מַחֲתֶה thing seized)—Levites: a. 1 Ch 6:20, LXX Μεθ, A Μααθ, LXXL Αμιωθ. b. 2 Ch 29:12, 31:13, LXX Μααθ, Μαεθ, LXXL Μααθ, Ααθ.
† מַחְתָּה n.f. fire-holder, censer, snuffdish;—abs. מ׳ Lv 16:12, Nu 17:11; sf. מַחְתָּתוֹ Lv 10:1+ 4 t.; pl. abs. מַחְתּוֹת Nu 16:6 + 4 t.; מַחְתֹּת Nu 16:17 + 3 t.; cstr. מַחְתּוֹת Nu 17:3, 17:4; sf. מַחְתֹּתָיו Ex 27:3; מַחְתֹּתֶיהָ Ex 25:38 + 2 t;—
1. snuff-holder, snuff-dish (Now:Archäol. ii, 63. 65) of gold Ex 25:38, 37:23, Nu 4:9 (all P).
2. bronze utensils, fire-pans, belonging to altar of burnt-offerings Ex 27:3, 38:3, cf. Nu 4:14 (all P); fire-pans of gold 1 K 7:50 = 2 Ch 4:22, 2 K 25:15 = Je 52:19.
3. censer, Lv 10:1, 16:12, Nu 16:6, 16:17, 16:17, 16:17, 16:17, 16:18, 17:2, 17:3, 17:4 (of bronze), v:11 (all P).
חִתָּה, חַתְחַת v. sub חתת. p. 369
† [חָתַךְ] vb. divide, determine (NH id., cut, cut off, decide, so Aram. חתך Pa. Ethpa.)—only Niph. Pf. שָֽׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעִים נֶחְתַּךְ עַל־עַמְּךָ Dn 9:24 seventy weeks are determined upon thy people.
† [חָתַל] vb. perh. entwine, enwrap (poss. denom., so MV al.; yet cf. NH חוֹתָל woven date-basket)—Pu. Pf. 2 fs. חֻתַּלְתְּ and Hoph. Inf. abs. הָחְתֵּל be swathed, swaddled;—וְהָמְלֵחַ לאֹ הֻמְלַ֫חַתְּ וְהָחְתֵּל לאֹ חֻתַּלְתְּ Ez 16:4 and not at all wast thou rubbed with salt, and not at all wast thou swaddled, of Jerusalem under fig. of infant.
† [חֲתֻלָּה] n.f. swaddling-band (v. Ba:NB 146)—only בְּשׂוּמִי עָנָן לְבֻשׁוֹ וַעֲרָפֶל חֲתֻלֶּתוֹ Jb 38:9 when I made cloud its garment, and thick darkness its swaddling-band, fig. of dark clouds enveloping the sea.
† חִתּוּל n.[m.] bandage—ח׳ Ez 30:21, for broken arm (in fig. of Pharaoh's broken arm).
† חֶתְלֽן n.pr.loc., on the extreme northern boundary of Isr. territory (in Ezek.'s conception), only ח׳(־)דֶּרֶח Ez 47:15, 48:1; mod. Ḥeitela nearly two hours from sea-coast, acc. to Furrer:ZPV viii, 27.
† חָתַם vb. seal, affix seal, seal up (NH id.; Aram. חֲתַם, ܚܬܰܡ; Eth. xatama: Ar. خَتَمَ (whence خَاتِمُ) is loan-word acc. to Frä:252)—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַחְתֹּם Jb 9:7, 33:6, יַחְתּוֹם Jb 37:7, וַיַּחְתֹּם Est 8:10, etc.; Imv. חֲתֹם Dn 12:4, חֲתוֹם Is 8:16, חִתְמוּ Est 8:8; Inf. abs. חָתוֹם Je 32:44; cstr. לַחְתֹּם Dn 9:24, + v:24 Kt (Qr לְהָתֵם); Pt. act. חוֹתֵם Ez 28:12; pass. חָתוּם Dt 32:24 + 2 t., etc.;—
1. seal, affix one's seal, in attestation; seal with king's seal (בְּחֹתָמוֹ) 1 K 21:8, בְּטַבַּעַת המלך Est 8:8, 8:10; of covenant with י׳, attested by seal (pass.) Ne 10:1, 10:2; fig., of י׳ putting his seal upon (בְּ) discipline, i.e. ratifying it, Jb 33:16; perh. also upon hand of man (that man may know י׳'s ways) 37:7 v. De; Di sub
2. seal up hand of man, so that he cannot work with it (in winter). 2. seal up, fasten up by sealing, a deed of sale Je 32:10, 32:11(opp. הַגָּלוּי that which was left open,), v:14, v:44, a book of prophecy Dn 12:4 (‖סְתֹם הַדְּבָרים), cf. v:9 (‖ id.), 9:24 b; so in sim.of unintelligible prophecy Is 29:11, 29:11; חֲתֹם תּוֹרָה בְּלְמֻּדָָי Is 8:16 seal up the teaching among my disciples, i.e. keep it securely (‖חוֹר); of י׳'s remembrance of offences חָתוּם בְּאוֹחְרֹתָָי Dt 32:34 (‖כָּמֻס עְמָּרִי), so חָתוּם בִּחְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי Jb 14:17 (‖וַתִּטְפֹּל עַל־עֲוֹנִי); מַעְיָן חָתוּם Ct 4:12 a fountain sealed up, metaph. of chaste woman (‖נָעוּל (גַּל)גַּן ); וּבְעַד כּוֹכָבִים יַח׳ Jb 9:7 and about the stars he putteth a seal (‖ of forbidding sun to rise).—אַתָּה חוֹתֵם תָּכְנִית Ez 28:12 is obscure: thou wast one sealing proportion, i.e. perfection,—wast complete perfection, Ges Sm.; wast a sealer of symmetry v. Da; wast a seal (ring) —i.e. חוֹתַם cstr.—of proportion Codd. LXX Vulgate Hi cf. Ew; txt. perh. corrupt, v. suggestions in Co.—Dn 9:24 a rd. Qr לְהָתֵם (v. תמם). Jb 33:16, 37:7 v. sub 1. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. [or Pt.?] נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם Est 3:12 (it was) written and sealed בְּטַבַּעַת הַמֶּלֶח; Inf. abs. וְנַחְתּוֹם Est 8:8 (continuing pt. נִכְתָּ֣ב) also + בְּטַבַּעַת הַמּ׳; both pass. of Qal 1. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. יוֹמָם חִתְּמוּ־לָמוֹ Jb 24:16 lit. by day they seal up for themselves, i.e. acc. to most, they shut themselves up, do not shew themselves (‖לאֹ יָדְעוּ אוֹר); LXX C has ἡμέρας ἐσφράγισαν ἐαυτοῖ ς (B al. ἑαυτους), whence Siegf conj. plausibly ל׳ יָמִים ח׳ they seal up the days unto themselves, i.e. daytime is for them sealed up and unused. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. אוֹ־הֶחְתִּים בְּשָׁרוֹ מִוּוֹבוֹ Lv 15:3 or hath his flesh (genital organ) shewn stoppage by reason of his flux.
† I. חֹתָם, חוֹתָם n.m.:Jb 41:7 seal, signetring (Aram. ܚܳܬܡܳܐ; Eth. m4xtam:—v. Lag:BN 116)—abs. חֹתָם Ex 28:11 + 2 t.; חוֹתָם Je 22:24 + 8 t.; sf. חֹתָֽמְךָ Gn 38:18, חֹתָמוֹ 1 K 21:8; —on supposed cstr. חוֹתַם v. foregoing;—seal, signet-ring, hung by a cord (פָּתִיל) about the neck Gn 38:18 (J; = חֹתֶמֶת v:25), or (later ?) worn on (finger of) right hand Je 22:24, (Benz:Archäol. 106); the two customs appar. combined Ct 8:6 (עַל־לִבֶֹּךָ, עַל־זְרוֹעֶךָ); used to attest a royal missive 1 K 21:8 (instr. of vb. חתם); a precious article Hg 2:23 (sim. of Zerubbabel); פִּתּוּחֵי ח׳ engravings of a seal, as model for cutting names and inscr. on precious stones and gold plate Ex 28:11, 28:21, 28:26, 39:6, 39:14, 39:30 (all P; v. Benz:258 ff.); חֹמֶר ח׳ Jb 38:14 = clay of (under) a signet; חָָר ח׳ 41:7 a close signet, i.e. one that is closely pressed down, sim. of closely joined (סָגוּר) scales of crocodile.
† II. חוֹתָם n.pr.m.1. man of Asher 1 Ch 7:32 LXX Χωθαν(μ) (= הֶלֶם v:35; A Ελαμ, LXXL Λασουλ). 2. father of two of David's heroes 1 Ch 11:44, LXX Κωθαν, LXXL Χωθαν.
חֹתֶ֫מֶת n.f. signet-ring—only הַח׳ Gn 38:25 (J; for I. חֹתָם v:18) the signet-ring (acc. to Bö:NÄ i. 23 fem. coll. the sealing-apparatus).
I. חתן (√ of foll.; prob. circumcise; cf. Ar. خَتََنَ circumcise, خِتَانُ circumcision, circumcision-feast).
† חֹתֵן n. verb. 1. m. wife's father (Ar. خَاتِنُ a circumciser, hence father-in-law, with ref. to circumcision performed on young men just before marriage; خَتَنُ relation on wife's side; v. We:Prol. 1886, 355 Anm, 1; Skizzen iii, 154 Sta:ZAW 1886. 143 Aum. Nö:ZMG 1886, 187; otherwise Dl:Pr 91 Lag:BN 116)—cstr. חֹתֵן Ex 18:1 + 9t., חֹתֶנְךָ Ex 18:6, חֹתְנוֹ Ex 3:1+ 9 t.;—usu. of Moses&atO;’ wife's father Ex 3:1, 4:18, 18:1, 18:2, 18:5, 18:6, 18:7, 18:8, 18:12, 18:12, 18:14, 18:15, 18:17, 18:24, 18:27 (a11 E), Nu 10:29 (J), Ju 1:16, 4:11; of a Levite Ju 19:4, 19:7, 19:9. 2. f. wife's mother, only sf. חֹתַנְתּוֹ Dt 27:23.
† חָתָן n.m. daughter's husband, bride-groom (as one who undergoes circumcision, v. supr.; NH id.; Aram. חַתְנָא, and ܚܰܬܢܳܐ (also sister's husband, etc.); vulg. Ar. خَتَنُ daughter's husband, then more gen. wife's and husband's relations; Sab. (Liḥyân) חַתן daughter's husband DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 87; As. ḫatanu, daughter's husband COT:Gloss)—abs. ח׳ 1 S 18:18 + 10 t. + Gn 19:12 (where rd. חֲחָנֶיךָ LXX Ol Di); cstr. חֲתַן Ex 4:23 + 4 t.; sf. חֲתָנוֹ Ju 19:5; חֲתָנָיו Gn 19:14, 19:14; —
1. in relation to a father, daughter's husband, or bridegroom Gn 19:12, 19:14 (לֽקְחֵי בְּנֹתָיו ח׳), v:14 (all J), Ju 15:6, 19:5, 1 S 18:18, 22:14, Ne 6:18, 13:28; v. also חֲתַן בֵּית אַחְאָב 2 K 8:27 son-in-law of the house of Ahad, said of Ahaziah, whose mother Athaliah was the daughter of Ahab.
2. in relation to the bride, bridegroom דָּמִים אַתָּה לִי ח׳ Ex 4:25 a bloody bridegroom art thou to me, cf. v:26 (J; on this v. We:Prol. 1886, 355); ‖כַּלָּה Je 7:34, 16:9, 25:10, 33:11, Jo 2:16; in sim. of י׳'s work for and delight in his people Is 61:10, 62:5; of sun Ps 19:6.
† II. חתן vb. denom. only Hiphp. make oneself a daughter's husband (NH Hithp. id., Aram. Ithpa. id.)—Pf. 2 mpl. וְהִתְחַתַּנְתֶּם consec. Jos 23:12; Impf. וַיִּתְחַתֵּן 1 K 3:1, 2 Ch 18:1; 2 m. תִּתְחַתֵּן Dt 7:3, 1 S 18:21; Imv. הִתְחַתֵּן 1 S 18:22, הִתְחַתְּנוּ Gn 34:9; Inf. הִתְחַתֵּן 1 S 18:23 + 3 t.;—
1. make oneself daughter's husband (son-in-law) to, c. בְּ 1 S 18:21, 18:22, 18:23, 18:26, 18:27; c. אֶת 1 K 3:1, Gn 34:9 (P); c. לְ 2 Ch 18:1, of marriage of Jehoshaphat's son and Ahab's daughter (cf. 2 K 8:18 = 2 Ch 21:6).
2. in gen. form marriage-alliance with, c. בְּ Dt 7:3 Jos 23:12 (D), Ezr 9:14.
† [חֲתֻנָּה] n.f. marriage, wedding (NH חִיתּוּן id.; Aram. חִיתּוּנָא id.; Ar. خُتُونَةُ marriage-alliance, marriage)—only בְּיוֹם חֲתֻנָּתו Ct 3:11 on the day of his marriage.
† [חָתַף] vb. seize, snatch away (cf. Aram. ܰܚܰܬܶܦ Pa. break in, pieces; Ar. حَتْفُ death)—Qal Impf. no obj. expr. הֵן יַחְתֹּף וּמִי יְשִׁיבֶנּוּ Jb 9:12 lo ! he seizeth, and who shall turn him back ?
† חֶ֫תֶף n.[m.] prey—only תֶּאֱרֹב אַף־חִיא כְּחֶ׳ Pr 23:28 she also lieth in wait as for prey (said of strange woman).
† חָתַר vb. dig, row (NH id., bore (through), so Aram. חֲתַר Targum (rare))—Qal Pf. ח׳ Jb 24:16, חָתַרְתִּי Ez 12:7; Impf. וָאֶחְתֹּר Ez 8:8, יַחְתְּרוּ Ez 12:12, Am 9:2, וַיַּחְתְּרוּ Jon 1:13; Imv. חֲתָר־ Ez 8:8, 12:5; —
1. dig into houses, c. acc. בָּתִּים Jb 24:16 (of burglary); sq. בְּ into or through a wall Ez 8:8, 8:8 (Co del. on intern. grounds), 12:5, 12:7, 12:12; metaph. sq. בשׁאול Am 9:2 dig into SheÕ’ôl, i.e. as a refuge.
2. row (as digging into the water) Jon 1:13.
† מַחְתֶּ֫רֶת n.m. breaking in, burglary—יִמָּחֵא הַגַּנָּב אִם־בַּמּ׳ Ex 22:l i.e. caught in the act (JE); so מְחָאתִים לאֹ בַּמּ׳ Je 2:34, not in the act of breaking in didst thou find them (2 fs. sf. Ges:§ 44, 2, R 4), i.e. those whom thou hast slain were not detected in crime.
† [חָתַת] vb. be shattered, dismayed (As. ḫattu, terror, Dl:HWB 296; Talm. חִתִּית id.; Eth. h.atata: is scrutari, examinare, v. Di:Lex, 105)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. חַת Je 50:2; 3 fs. חַ֫תָּה Je 14:4 + 2 t., וָחָָתָּה Je 48:1; 3 pl. חַ֫תּוּ Is 37:27 + 4 t., וְחַתּ֫וּ consec. Is 20:5 + 2 t., וָחָָתּוּ consec. Je 50:36; Impf. (Kö:i. 366) יֵחַת Is 7:8, 30:31, יֵחַָת Jb 39:22, יֵחָָת Is 31:4, אֵחַ֫תָּה Je 17:18, יֵחַ֫תּוּ 1 S 2:10 + 3 t.—On יֵּחַָתּוּ Jb 21:13 v. נָחַת;—תֵּחָָתּוּ Jos 10:25 + 2 t., etc.; Imv. וָחֹ֫תּוּ Is 8:9, 8:9, 8:9; —
1. be shattered, broken, fig. of nations under divine judgment Is 7:8, 30:31; so prob. also Is 8:9, 8:9, 8:9 (but del. in v:a), and perh. (of י׳'s foes in gen.) 1 S 2:10 (song;—others render dismayed in all exc. Is 7:8); fig. of י׳'s righteousness Is 51:6 (= be abolished, annihilated); lit. of bows Je 51:56, acc. to Gie's rdg. חַתָּה, v. Pi. 2. be dismayed, usu. a. abs.: ‖יָרֵא Dt 1:21, 31:8, Jos 8:1, 10:25 (all D), 1 S 17:11, Je 23:4, 30:10, 46:27, Ez 2:6, 3:9, 1 Ch 22:13, 28:20, 2 Ch 20:15, 20:17, 32:7; ‖בּוֹשׁ Is 20:5, 37:27 = 2 K 19:26, Je 8:9, 17:18, 17:18, 48:1, 48:20, 48:39, 50:2, 50:2 (others assign. 48:20, 48:39, 50:2, 50:2 to 1); fig. of the ground הָאֲדָמָה, dismayed for lack of rain Je 14:4 (‖בּוֹשׁ of the husband-men); no ‖ Je 50:36, Ob:9, Jb 39:22. b. be dismayed at, by reason of, sq. מִן Is 31:4, 31:9, 51:7 (‖יָרֵא) Je 1:17, 10:2, 10:2. Niph. Pf. only 3 ms. וּמִפְּנֵי שְׁמִי נִחַת Mal 2:5 and at my name he is put in awe (‖יָרֵא). Pi. Pf. dismay, scare, 2 ms. sf. וְחִתַּתַּ֫נִי בַחֲלֽמוֹת (Kö:i. 372) consec. Jb 7:14 and thou scarest me with dreams (‖בִּעֵת); 3 fs. חִתְּתָה Je 51:56 (of bows) is intrans. [inchoat. Ew:§ 120, 2 d], Gf. al., be shattered, but txt. prob. erron. Gie חַתָּה (v. Qal 1). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הַחִתֹּתָ Is 9:3; 1 s. וְהַחְתַּתִּ֫י Je 49:37 (Kö:i. 372); Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְחִתֵּנִי Jb 31:34, sf. 3 fpl. יְחִיתַָן Hb 2:17 (Kö:i. 374; but LXX Targum SyrVer Ew Ol Sta We יְחִתֶָּךָ); 1 s. sf. אֲחִתְּךָ Je 1:17 (sq. לפניהם)—1. shutter c. acc. Is 9:3.
2. a. cause to be dismayed Je 49:37 sq. לִפְנֵי. b. dismay, terrify, sq. sf. Jb 31:34, Hb 2:17.
† I. [חַת] n.m.:Gn 9:2 terror, fear;—חָָת Jb 41:25, חִתְּכֶם Gn 9:2; —c. sf. as obj. gen., Gn 9:2 terror of you (‖מוֹרַאֲכֶם); in description of crocodile c. neg., הֶעָשׂוּ לִבְלִי־חָָת Jb 41:25 one made for fearlessness.
† II. [חַת] adj. shattered, dismayed—mpl. חַתִּים:—
1. shattered קֶשֶׁת גִּבֹּרִים ח׳ 1 S 2:4 (song; on pl. חַתִּים v. Dr); so fig. Ez 32:30 acc. to LXX Codd. Co (חַתִּים for MT חִתִּיתָם) broken in their might, of Sidonians in SheÕ’ôl.
2. dismayed Je 46:5 of Egyptians defeated by Nebuchadrezzar.
† I. חֲתַת n.[m.] terror—only וַתִּירָָאוּ חִרְאוּ ח׳ Jb 6:21 (> Baer תִּֽירְאוּ for תִּרְאוּ) ye see a terror, and fear (note paronomasia in Heb.; v. Di).
† [חִתָּה] n.f. terror—חִתַּת אלהים עַל־הֶעָרִים Gn 35:5 a terror of (= from) God was upon the cities.
† II. חֲתַת n.pr.m. son of Othniel and grandson of Kenaz (brother of Caleb), חֲתַָת 1 Ch 4:13.
† [חַתְחַת] n.[m.] terror, only pl. חַתְחַתִּים בַּדֶּרֶח Ec 12:5 terrors are in the way (‖ירא).
חִתִּית n.f. terror, only Ezek.; abs. ח׳ Ez 32:23, but Co rds. חִתִּיתָם (with LXX and v:24, v:26); cstr. id. 32:27; sf. חתיתו 32:32 Kt (> חִתִּיתִי Qr); חִתִּיתָם 32:24 + 2 t.+ 26:17 (rd. חִתִּיתָהּ, with LXX Ew Co, see VB), 32:30 (rd. חַתִּים, v. II. חת);—terror, caused by powerful cities, nations, kings, etc.: usu. c. sf. obj. genit. Ez 26:17 (of Tyre); elsewh. only Ez 32: v:27 (גִּבּוֹרִים ח׳, SyrVer Co גבור תם ח׳), v:30 (חִתִּיתָם, but rd. חַתִּים, v. supr.); esp. in phr. בארץ נָתַן ח׳ חַיִּים cause one's terror (terror of oneself) in the land of the living v:23, v:24, v:25 (del. LXX Co), v:26, v:32.—חִתִּית Ez 16:3, 16:45 v. חִתִּי sub חֵת supr. p. 366.
† מְחִתָּה n.f. terror, destruction, ruin, poet. (esp. Pr)—abs. מ׳ Pr 10:14 + 8 t.; cstr. מְחִתַּת Pr 10:15, 14:28; —
1. a. terror, Is 54:14 (‖עשֶׁק), Je 17:17; = obj. of terror, 48:39 (‖שְׂחֹק). b. dismay, Pr 21:15 (opp. שִׂמְחָה).
2. ruin, of strongholds Ps 89:41; רָזוֹן בְּאֶפֶס לְאֹם מ׳ Pr 14:28 without people is ruin to a prince (opp. הַדְרַת־מֶלֶח); דַּלִּים מ׳ רֵישָׁם 10:15 the ruin of the poor (is) their poverty; as consequence of evil-doing לְפֹעֲלֵי אָוֶן מ׳ Pr 10:29 (opp. מָעוֹז); of fools ־לוֹפִּי כְסִיל מ׳ 18:7, cf. 13:3 (opp. שֹׁמֵר נַפְשׁוֹ); קְרֹבָה פִּי אֱוִיל מ׳ 10:14 the mouth of a fool is imminent ruin.
חֵת, חִתִּי v. supr. p. 366