ג

ג, גּ Gîmel, third letter; in postB Heb. = numeral 3 (and so margin of printed MT); ג̈ = 3000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

גֵּא v. sub. נאה.

† גָּאָה vb. rise up (Aramaic Pe. (𝔗 1 S 2:5) & often Ethiopic אֶתְגָּאֵי, ܐܶܬܓܰܠܻܝ be boastful, proud, cf. also NH)—

Qal Pf. ג׳ Ex 15:1, 21, גָּאוּ Ez 47:5; Impf. יִגְאֶה Jb 8:11; 10:16, Inf. abs. גָּאֹה Ex 15:1, 21;— 1. rise up, of waters Ez 47:5. 2. grow up, of plants Jb 8:11. 3. be lifted up, exalted, of head Jb 10:16, of י׳ in triumph Ex 15:1, 21.

† גֵּא adj. proud, scribal error for גֵּאֶה Is 16:6 (as in Je 48:29).

† גֵּאֶה adj. proud, Jb 40:11, 12 Is 2:12 Je 48:29; pl. גֵּאִים ψ 94:2; 140:6 Pr 15:25; 16:19; cstr. גְּאֵי ψ 123:4 Qr גאי יונים (> Kt גאייונים), yet cf. De al.

† גֵּאָה n.f. pride, Pr 8:13.

† גַּאֲוָה n.f. majesty, pride (cf. Syriac ܓܰܐܝܽܘܬܳܐ )—Jb 41:7 + 6 times; cstr. גַּאֲוַת Pr 29:23 + 2 times; sf. גַּאֲוָתִי Is 13:3 + 8 times;—

1. rising up, swelling of the sea ψ 46:4.

2. majesty, of Israel Dt 33:29, Moab Is 16:6 = Je 48:29, scales of crocodile Jb 41:7, of God Dt 33:26 ψ 68:35.

3. pride, haughtiness ψ 10:2; 31:19, 24; 36:12; 73:6 Pr 14:3; 29:23 Is 9:8; 13:11; 25:11; עליזי גאותי my proudly exulting ones Is 13:3 cf. Zp 3:11.

† גָּאוֹן n.m. ^{Ho 5:5} exaltation—Jb 40:10 + 5 times; cstr. גְּאוֹן Lv 26:19 + 31 times; sf. גְּאוֹנְךָ etc. Ex 15:7 + 9 times; pl. sf. גְּאוֹנָ֑יִךְ Ez 16:56;—

1. exaltation, majesty, excellence, a. of nations, their wealth, power, magnificence of buildings, e.g. Egypt Ez 32:12, Chaldeans Is 13:11, 19; 14:11, Philistines Zc 9:6, Assyria Zc 10:11, Jacob; ψ 47:5 Am 6:8; 8:7 Na 2:3, Israel Ho 5:5; 7:10 (prob. appellation of י׳), Na 2:3, Judah Je 13:9, Jerusalem v 9 Ez 16:56; גְּאוֹן עֻזָּהּ pride of her strength Ez 30:6, 18; 33:28; גאון עזים Ez 7:24 (but 𝔊 Ew Hi Co read עזם); גאון עזכם Lv 26:19; Ez 24:21; the fruit of land of Judah will become לגאון ולתפארת majestic and beautiful Is 4:2; גאון כל צבי the majesty of all the splendour (of Tyre) Is 23:9; Zion is to become גאון עולם an everlasting excellency Is 60:15. b. of God Ex 15:7; Is 24:14; Mi 5:3; הֲדַר גְּאֹנוֹ Is 2:10, 19, 21; יַרְעֵם בְּקוֹל גְּאוֹנוֹ Jb 37:4; עֲדֵה נָא גָּאוֹן וָגֹבַהּ Jb 40:10. c. גאון הירדן majesty of the Jordan, referring to the green and shady banks, clothed with willows, tamarisks, and cane, in which the lions made their covert Je 49:19; 50:44; Zc 11:3, and therefore dangerous Je 12:5 (Ew thinks of the swelling of its agitated waters); גְּאוֹן גַּלֶּיךָ majesty of thy waves Jb 38:11.

2. pride (bad sense) Jb 35:12 ψ 59:13; Pr 8:13; 16:18; Ez 7:20; 16:49 Zp 2:10; of Moab Is 16:6⁽×2⁾ = Je 48:29^(×2).

† גֵּאוּת n.f. majesty, ψ 93:1 + 7 times;—

1. lifting up גֵּאוּת עָשָׁן column of smoke Is 9:17; גֵּאוּת הַיָּם swelling of the sea ψ 89:10.

2. majesty of God ψ 93:1; Is 26:10; גֵּאוּת עָשָׂה he hath done majestically Is 12:5; עֲטֶרֶת גֵּאוּת crown of majesty Is 28:1, 3 (Samaria, on a round hill majestically commanding the country).

3. pride דִּבְּרוּ בְגֵאוּת they speak proudly ψ 17:10; so for נְאוֹת 74:20 Bi Che.

† גְּאוּאֵל n.pr.m. (majesty of Ēl) the spy of the tribe of Gad Nu 13:15.

† [גַּאֲיוֹן] adj. proud, גאייונים ψ 123:4 (Kt cf. Baer’s note, yet read prob. גַּאֲיוֹנִים; but Qr better, גְּאֵי יוֹנִים proudest oppressors, v. גֵּאֶה).

גאייונים v. foregoing, and also גֵּאֶה.

I. גֵּוָה n.f. pride (contr. for גַּאֲוָה Ew ^{§ 62 b, 73 b} cf. Aramaic Dn 4:34 & 𝔗)—

1. pride Jb 33:17 Je 13:17.

2. lifting up Jb 22:29 an exclamation, up! Ew Di De al.; but pride Hi Dr^{§ 154 n. (ed. 3)}.

גֵּאָיוֹת v. גַּיְא.

† I. גָּאַל vb. redeem, act as kinsman (NH, Niph. be redeemed; also גּוֹאֵל, גְּאוּלָּה)—

Qal Pf. ג׳, etc. Is 44:23 + 14 times; Impf. יִגְאַל, etc. Lv 25:33 + 18 times; Imv. גְּאַל, etc. Ru 4:6 + 3 times; Inf. abs. גָּאֹל Lv 27:13 + 2 times cstr. לִגְאוֹל Ru 4:4 + 2 times; sf. לְגָאֳלֵךְ Ru 3:13; Pt. גֹּאֵל Lv 25:26 + 24 times, גּוֹאֵל Is 59 ψ 103:4; sf. גֹּאַלְךָ Is 48:17, גֹּאֲלֵךְ Is 54:8 (sf. 19 times); pass. pl. גְּאוּלִים, etc. Is 35:9 + 4 times;— 1. act as kinsman, do the part of next of kin (chiefly in D H P Ru.), גֹּאֵל kinsman Lv 25:25 (H) Nu 5:8; 35:12 (P) Ru 2:20; 3:9, 12; 4:1, 3, 6, 8, 14 1 K 16:11. a. in taking a kinsman’s widow אם יגאלך טוב יגאל ואם לא יחפץ לגאלך וגאלתיך if he will do thee the kinsman’s part (raise up children by the widow) well, let him do the kinsman’s part; but if he is not pleased to do thee the kinsman’s part then I will do thee the kinsman’s part Ru 3:13; b. in redeeming from bondage Lv 25:48, 49 (H); c. in redeeming a field Lv 25:26, 23 (H) Ru 4:4, 6, d. claim as kinsman Jb 3:5; e. גֹּאֵל הַדָּם the avenger of blood Nu 35:19, 21, 24, 25, 27^(×2) Jos 20:3, 5 (?; notin 𝔊) v 9 (P). Dt 19:6, 12 (D) 2 S 14:11. 2. redeem, by payment of value assessed, of consecrated things, by the original owner Lv 27:13, 15, 19, 20, 31 (P). 3. redeem, with God as subj. implying personal relationship, chiefly in poetry:— a. individuals, from death ψ 103:4 La 3:58 Ho 13:14; מכל רע Gn 48:16 (E poetry), נפשׁ ψ 69:19; 72:14, orphans Pr 23:11; Je 50:34, ריבה ריבי וגאלני ψ 119:154, גֹּאֲלִי Jb 19:25, צוּרִי וְגֹאֲלִי ψ 19:15. b. Israel, from Egyptian bondage Ex 6:6 (P?) 15:13 (song) ψ 74:2; 77:16; 78:35, מיד אויב ψ 106:10. c. from exile (chiefly Is 3, the vb. not in Is 1) Is 43:1; 44:22, 23; 48:20; 52:9; 63:9 Mi 4:10, מיד ψ 107:2; Je 31:11; Yahweh is גֹּאֵל Is 41:14; 43:14; 44:6, 24; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7, 26; 54:5, 8; 59:20; 60:16; 63:16; and the people גְּאוּלִים Is 35:9; 51:10; 62:12; 63:4 (cf. גְּאוּלַי infr.), ψ 107:2.

Niph. Pf. נִגְאָ֑ל Lv 25:49; Lv Impf. יִגָּאֵל Lv 25:30 + 5 times; תִּגָּאֵ֑לוּ Is 52:3;— 1. refl. redeem oneself Lv 25:49 (H). 2. pass. be redeemed, a. field Lv 25:30 (H), slave Lv 25:54 (H); b. consecrated things Lv 27:20, 27, 28, 33 (P); c. Jerusalem by Yahweh Is 52:3.

† גְּאוּלִים Is 63:4, in שְׁנַת גְּאוּלַי, n.abstr. redemption, according to 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Ges Hi De MV Che Di RVm; then either pl. abstr. sf. year of (my) redemption (so most); or abstr. form. in י—, after Syriac analogy, Lag ^Symm. ^{ii. 101 f. Sem. i. 19, 68. BN 192} (𝔊 om. my); but < Pt. pass. pl. sf. my ransomed (released) ones Ew Br Brd AV RV cf. sub גאל supra.

† גְּאֻלָּה₁₄ n.f. kin (?), redemption—Lv 25:24 + 5 times; cstr. גְּאֻלַּת Lv 25:32; sf. גְּאֻלָּתִי Ru 4:6, גְּאֻלָּתֶ֑ךָ Ez 11:15, גְּאֻלָּתוֹ Lv 25:26 + 4 times;—

1. kin, אַנְשֵׁי גְּאֻלָּתֶ֑ךָ men of thy kindred Ez 11:15 RV Thes Hi al.; but 𝔊 𝔖 Ew Co א׳ גלותך thy fellow-exiles.

2. redemption, of field Lv 25:24 (H) Ru 4:7.

3. right of redemption Lv 25:29, 31, 32, 48 (H) Ru 4:6 Je 32:8 = משׁפט הגאלה Je 32:7.

4. price of redemption Lv 25:26, 51, 52 (H).

† יִגְאָל n.pr.m. (He redeems)—

1. one of the spies Nu 13:7.

2. one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:36.

3. descendant of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:22.

† II. [גָּאַל] vb. defile, late (cf. גָּעַל)—

Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. נְגֹאֲלוּ Is 59:3 La 4:14, on form v. Ges^{§ 51 h}, Kö^{i 265}; Pt. נִגְאָלָה Zp 3:1;—be defiled, hands with blood בַּדָּם, Is 59:3 cf. La 4:14; pt. as subst. defiled, polluted one Zp 3:1 of Jerusalem (‖ מֹֽרְאָה; appos. הָעִיר הַיּוֹנָה).

Pi. Pf. 1 pl. sf. גֵּאַלְנוּךָ Mal 1:7 pollute, desecrate, obj. י׳ (desecrated in his altar).

Pu. Impf. וַיְגֹאֲלוּ מִן־הַכְּהֻנָּה Ezr 2:62 = Ne 7:64 cstr. pregn. and they were desecrated out of the priesthood, i.e. deposed, as desecrated ones; Pt. מְגֹאָל of bread laid on Yahweh’s altar Mal 1:7; of Yahweh’s altar (table, שֻׁלְחָן) v 12.

Hiph. Pf. 1 s. אֶגְאָ֑לְתִּי Is 63:3 (on Aramaic form v. Kö^{i 27} Ges^{§ 53 R. 6} but) read perhaps גֵּאָ֑לְתִּי Pi., v. GFM^{ThLZ 1887, 292} cf. also Ges^{l.c. N.} Ol^{§ 255 b} Sta^{§ 159 b, 3};—I have polluted, i.e. stained, all my raiment,

Hithp. Impf. יִתְגָּאַל Dn 1:8; יִתְגָּאָ֑ל v 8;—defile himself.

† [גֹּ֫אֶל] n.[m.] defiling, defilement, גָּֽאֳלֵי הַכְּהֻנָּה Ne 13:29.

גַּב back, etc., v. sub גבב.

[גָּב], גָּבִים v. גוב p. 155.

I. [גֵּב] locust, v. sub גבה.

II. [גֵּב] pit, iii. [גֵּב] beam, v. sub גוב.

גֹּב, גּוֹב n.pr.loc. v. sub גבב.

גבא (cf. Arabic جَبَأَ, جَبِئَ restrain or withhold oneself; perhaps = جَبَا collect (water in a cistern, also tributate), so Lane جَبَى 1. ad fin., Fl NHWB^{i. 431}; v. also NH גבי, גָּבָה, Aramaic גְּבָא, ܓܒܳܐ collect debts, taxes, etc.)

† גֶּ֫בֶא n.m. ^{Ez 47:11} cistern, pool (cf. Arabic جَابِيَةٌ watering-trough)—

1. cistern מֵיִם מִגֶּ֑בֶא Is 30:14.

2. pool, marsh גְּבָאָיו Ez 47:13 (‖ בִּצֹּאתָ‌֯ו).

גבב (prob. be curved, convex, elevated, Aramaic גִּבְּבָא hill; be) or make hollow, dig, Arabic جَبَّ cut off or out, جُبٌّ, Aramaic גֹּב, Ethiopic ግብ Assyrian gubbu,—all = cistern; cf. e.g. Assyrian gubbâni ša mê cisterns of water, Asrb.^{Annals Col. viii. 102}, KB^{ii. 220}; v. n.pr. גֹּב infr.

† גַּב n.m.? cf. Ez 43:13 (f. Ez 1:18) anything convex, curved, gibbous, e.g. back, chiefly late;—abs. גָּ֑ב Ez 16:24; cstr. גַּב Ez 43:13 (read גֹּבַהּ 𝔊 Ew Sm Co); sf. גַּבִּי ψ 129:3, גַּבֵּךְ Ez 16:31, 39; pl. cstr. גַּבֹּת Lv 14:9, גַּבֵּי Jb 13:12; 15:26; sf. גַּבֵּיהֶם 1 K 7:33, גַּבֵּהֶם Ez 10:12, גַּבֵּיהֶן Ez 1:18, גַּבֹּתָם Ez 1:18;—

1. back, of man (fig. of Isr.) ψ 129:3; appar. of cherubim Ez 10:12, but Hi Sm emend v. so that גּ׳ ref. to wheels, rim v. 6 infr.

2. mound, for illicit worship Ez 16:24, 34, 39 (all ‖ רמה); 𝔊 𝔙 lupanar, brothel, after analogy of fornix, but this without sufficient proof, & needless.

3. boss, or convex projection, of shield Jb 15:26 (fig.) he runneth against him … with the stout bosses of his shields (i.e. wicked against י׳); so ظهر in Arabic in similar phrase; cf. also Arabic جَوْبٌ, shield; also French bouclier from boucle.

4. bulwarks, breastworks, fig. for arguments לְגַבֵּי־חֹמֶר גַּבֵּיכֶם Jb 13:12 breastworks of clay are your breastworks.

5. brow, only גַּבֹּת עֵינָיו Lv 14:9 his eyebrows.

6. rim of wheel, felloe 1 K 7:33; Ez 1:18^(×2); so perhaps 10:12 v. 1 supr.—Ez 43:13; elevation, i.e. basement of altar, Da after MT., but v. גֹּבַהּ, cf. supr.

† גֹּב 2 S 21:18, גּוֹב v 19 n.pr.loc. (cf. Aramaic גֻּבָּא den, and ܓܘܽܒܳܐ, Arabic جُبٌّ, Ethiopic ግብ Assyrian gubbu, well, cistern, v. גבב)—field of battle with Philistines 2 S 21:18 = גֶּזֶר in ‖ 1 Ch 20:4 (so here Th Ew; cf. Jos 10:33), but = גַּת 𝔊 𝔖 2 S 21:18 (𝔊L Γαζεθ); 2 S 21:9 (om. ‖ 1 Ch 20:5), 𝔊 Ρομ, Ροβ; Klo Gath; in v 16 We Dr (q.v.) read בְּגֹב for בְּנֹב; site of Gob (si vera l.) unknown.

גַּבַּי סַלָּ֑י appar. n.pr.m. (cf. Aramaic ܓܰܒܳܝܳܐ, Talm גַּבָּי, tax-gatherer) a Benjamite Ne 11:8; but text dub. cf. 1 Ch 9:8 & Sm^{Listen 7}.

† גִּבְּתוֹן n.pr.loc. (mound, height, cf. 𝔗 גִּבְבָא ridge) Philistine city 1 K 15:27^(×2); 16:15, 17; assigned to Dan Jos 19:44, and to Levites 21:23: site unknown; cf. Lag^{Onom. 246, 2nd ed. 255}.

גבה (collect, Arabic جَبَا (= جَبَأَ ?, cf. גבא supr.), NH גְּבי, גָּבָה, Aramaic גְּבָא, ܓܒܳܐ; ‖ form גבא q.v.)

† I. [גֵּבֶה] n.[p.] locust (name from swarm, collection, Ethiopic ጉባኤ cf. also Ethiopic አንበጣ locust √ = Arabic نَبَطَ scaturivit, manavit), only pl. גֵּבִים Is 33:4 (in sim. of leaping).—גֵּב ii, iii, v. sub גוב.

† גּוֹב n.[m.] locusts, Na 3:17; cf. גֹּבַי.

† גֹּבַי, גּוֹבָ֑י n.m.; Am. 7:1 cf. v. 2 coll. locusts (swarm, multitude; Aramaic גּוּבָא, pl. גוּבָאֵי; on format. v. Ol^{§ 216 d}), גֹּבַי symbol of Yahweh’s judgment on Isr. Am 7:1; in sim. of disappearance of Assyrian leaders at destruction of Nineveh גּוֹב גּוֹבָ֑י Na 3:17 (locust-) swarm of locusts (‖ אַרְבֶּה); but del. גּוֹב as dittogr. We al.

גָּבַהּ vb. be high, exalted (NH id. (Hiph.), Aramaic גְּבַהּ, cf. Arabic جَبْهَةٌ forehead, جَبَةٌ prominence of forehead; compare perhaps also Assyrian gabâni, heights (?) Lotz^{TP 133})—

Qal Pf. ג׳ 2 Ch 26:16 + 5 times; גָּֽבְהָא֯ Ez 31:5 (א = ה); גָּבַהְתָּ Ez 31:10, גָּֽבְהוּ Jb 35:5 + 3 times; Impf. יִגְבַּהּ Pr 18:12 + 5 times; sf. יִגְבְּהוּ Ez 31:14, יִגְבָּ֑הוּ Jb 36:7, תִּגְבָּ֑הוּ Je 13:15, תִּגְבְּהֶינָה Ez 16:50; Inf. כִּגְבֹהַּ ψ 103:11, לְגָבְהָה Zp 3:11;— 1. be high, lofty, tall, e.g. tree Ez 19:11; 31:5, 10, 14, heavens Jb 35:5 Is 55:9 ψ 103:11, man 1 S 10:23. 2. be exalted, of man in dignity and honour Jb 36:7, of servant of Yahweh Is 52:13, God Is 5:16, God’s ways Is 55:9. 3. lofty גָּבַהּ לִבּוֹ:— a. in a good sense, encouraged in the ways of Yahweh 2 Ch 17:6; b. elsewhere in a bad sense, be haughty ψ 131:1 Pr 18:12 2 Ch 26:16; 32:25 Ez 28:2, 5, 17, and so without לב Is 3:16 Je 13:15 Ez 16:50 Zp 3:11.

Hiph. Pf. הִגְבַּהְתִּי Ez 17:24; Impf. יַגְבִּיהַּ Jb 39:27 Je 49:16 Ob 4; וַיַּגְבִּיהֶהָ 2 Ch 33:14; יַגְבִּיהוּ Jb 5:7; Inf. הַגְבֵּהַּ Is 7:11 Ez 21:31; Pt. מַגְבִּיהַּ Pr 17:19 ψ 113:5;—make high, exalt, e.g. trees Ez 17:24, wall 2 Ch 33:14, gate Pr 17:19, nest Je 49:16 Ob 4, dwelling ψ 113:5 a request Is 7:11, the lowly Ez 21:31; יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף make their flight high, soar aloft Jb 5:7, without עוף Jb 39:27.

† גָּבֹהַּ adj. high, exalted—1 S 9:2 + 15 times; גָּבוֹהַּ ψ 138:6; cstr. גְּבֹהַּ 1 S 16:7; גְּבַהּ (Ew^{§ 213 d}) ψ 101:5 + 3 times; pl. גְּבֹהִים Ec 5:7 + 5 times; f. גְּבֹהָה Dt 3:5 + 6 times; pl. גְּבֹהוֹת Dn 8:3 + 2 times; גְּבֹהֹת Dt 28:52;—

1. high, lofty, tall, e.g. Ez 17:24, tower Is 2:15 Zp 1:16, mountain Gn 7:19 ψ 104:18 Is 40:9; 57:7 Ez 17:22; 40:2; cf. phrases על כל גבעה גבהה upon every high hill 1 K 14:23 2 K 17:10 Je 2:20; על גבעות הגבהות Je 17:2; עַל־כָּל־הַר גָּבֹהַּ Is 30:25 Je 3:6; man 1 S 9:2; tree גְּבַהּ קוֹמָה Ez 31:3; horns Dn 8:3; walls Dt 3:5; 28:52; gallows Est 5:14; 7:9; gate Je 51:58; altar Ez 41:22; high things Jb 41:26 Ec 12:5.

2. exalted in station Ez 21:31; כִּי גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר וּגְבֹהִים עֲלֵיהֶם for high one above high one is watching, & the Most High over them Ec 5:7 so Ew Zö al., but Vrss De Now al. higher (earthly), potentates over them.

3. haughty ψ 138:6 Is 5:15; 10:33 1 S 2:3; גְּבַהּ־עֵינַיִם ψ 101:5; ג׳ לֵב Pr 16:5; ג׳ רוּחַ Ec 7:8.

4. n.[m.] loftiness, גְּבֹהַּ קוֹמָתוֹ 1 S 16:7; cf. גָּדוֹל 10, p. 153.

† גֹּ֫בַהּ n.m. height—Jb 22:12 + 9 times; sf. גָּבְהוֹ 1 S 17:4 + 5 times; pl. cstr. גָּבְהֵי Jb 11:8;—

1. height, of buildings and trees Ez 1:18; 19:11; 31:10, 14; 40:42; 41:8 2 Ch 3:4 Am 2:9; prob. also Ez 43:13 (of altar), so 𝔊 Ew Co for MT גַּב (q.v.); of man 1 S 17:4; heaven Jb 11:8; 22:12 (גבה cstr. SI⁶ of rock).

2. exaltation, grandeur Jb 40:10.

3. haughtiness, Je 48:29; גּ׳ אַף ψ 10:4; גּ׳־לִבּוֹ 2 Ch 32:26; גּ׳ רוּחַ Pr 16:18.

† גַּבְהוּת n.f. haughtiness, Is 2:11, 17.

† יָגְבְּהָה n.pr. (exalted? Ol^{§ 277 k. 4}) place in the tribe of Gad Nu 32:35 Ju 8:11;—Ḫirbet-Ajbêhât, NW. from ʿAmmân, Bd^{Pal. 189}.

(ה)גבול Jos 15:47 Kt read הַגָּדוֹל Vrss Codd. cf. v 12.

גבח (only in foll. derivatives found in P; cf. also NH גִּבֵּחַ, giant).

† גִּבֵּחַ adj. having a bald forehead, ג׳ הוּא Lv 13:41 (P ‖ קֵרֵחַ הוּא v 40).

† גַּבַּ֫חַת n.f. bald forehead (NH id., Aramaic ܓܒܳܚܽܘܬܳܐ ), only Lv 13—abs. Lv 13:42 (P; asson. בְּקָרַ֫חַת אוֹ בַגַּבַּ֫חַת); גַּבַּחְתּוֹ v 42, 43 (both P & ‖ קָרַחְתּוֹ); in all, as place of appearance of an eruption; v 55 (P; ‖ id.) = in its front, i.e. front of garment.

גֹּבַי v. sub גבה.

גַּבַּי, גַּבַּי, סַלָּ֑י v. sub. גבב.

גֵּבִים n.pr.loc. v. sub גוב.

גבל (according to Thes orig. twist, wind, whence not only גַּבְלֻת, מִגְבָּלֹת, but also גְּבוּל (cord and then) boundary, as determined by measuring cord, or line, whence vb. denom. גָּבַל bound, border, q.v. infr.; NH גָּבַל, Aramaic גְּבַל, mean mix, knead; Arabic جَبَلَ, Syriac ܓܒܰܠ = create, fashion; MV assume meaning massive, whence Arabic جَبَل mountain (cf. Assyrian gablu HA ⁴⁸), and גְּבוּל as originally earth-wall, etc., serving as boundary; this explains גַּבְלֻת etc. less well).

גְּבוּל₂₄₀ n.m. Nu 34, 3 border, boundary, territory (NH id., Punic gubulim (pl., Plaut^{Poen. i. 9})—גְּבוּל Gn 10:19 + 168 times + Jos 15:47 Kt (but read Qr גָּדוֹל); גְּבֻל Nu 21:13 + 9 times; (both, in abs. & cstr., e.g. abs. Nu 22:36; 34:8, cstr. Gn 10:19 2 S 21:5); sf. גְּבוּלִי 1 Ch 4:10, גְּבוּלְךָ Ex 7:27, גְבֻלְךָ Ex 23:31 + 3 times, etc.; pl. (8 times) only sf. גְּבוּלֶיךָ Je 15:13; 17:3, etc.;—

1. border, boundary, a. of a land or people: Canaanites Gn 10:19 (J), Edom Nu 20:23 Jos 15:1, 21 (all P) cf. Ob 7, Amorites Nu 21:13 (E) Jos 13:4 (D) cf. 12:5 (D) Ju 1:36, Moab Nu 21:13, 15; 22:36 (E) 33:44 (P) Dt 2:18 Ju 11:18^(×2) 2 K 3:21 Is 15:8, Ammon Nu 21:24 (E) Dt 3:16 Jos 12:2; 13:10 (all D) Am 1:13, Bashan Jos 12:4 (D), Egypt 1 K 5:1 = 2 Ch 9:26, Is 19:19; especially of promised land Ex 23:31; 34:24 (JE) Nu 34:3 + 13 times Nu 34 (all P) Dt 11:24; 12:20; 16:4 Jos 1:4 (D), cf. Ez 45:1 + 10 times Ez 45–48; also of Israel 2 K 14:25 Am 6:2 Mal 1:5. b. boundary of smaller divisions, e.g. Geshurites Dt 3:14 Jos 12:5; 13:11 (all D), cf. Jos 16:2, 3 (J) 19:12 (P); especially of tribes of Israel Dt 3:16, 17 Jos 13:30 (all D) 13:16 + 60 times Jos 13–19 (P);—15:47 read גדול v. supr. Jos 22:25 (P) & 17:8; 18:11; 24:30 (JE), cf. 1 Ch 6:39, 51 2 Ch 11:13 Ez 48:1 + 15 times Ez 48 (incl. v 22^(×2) q. del. Co);—in 1 S 13:18 read for גְּבוּל, הַגֶּבַע 𝔊 We Dr †c. boundary of territory belonging to an individual,—of field, piece of ground, etc. Gn 23:17 (P) Dt 19:14; 27:17, Jos 24:30 (E) = Ju 2:9 1 Ch 4:10 Pr 15:25; 22:28; 23:10 Ho 5:10. †d. border of stream Nu 22:36. †e. limit to waters of deep ψ 104:9 cf. Je 5:22. †f. a concrete object marking limit, (α) barrier in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 40:12 (del. 𝔊 𝔖 Co) v 12; (β) border of altar Ez 43:13, 17, 20; (γ) surrounding wall of restored Zion Is 54:12 (so 𝔊 Ew Kn Che; De Brd territory, Di undecided).

†2. territory (enclosed within boundary), a. of land or people Gn 47:21 (J) Ex 7:27 (P) 10:4, 14 (‖ ארץ) v 19; 13:7 (all J), Nu 20:16, 17, 21; 21:22 (E; ‖ ארץ) = Ju 11:20, Nu 21:23 (E) Dt 2:4; 19:3 (גּ׳ אַרְצְךָ) v 8; 28:40 Jos 18:5^(×2) (E) Ju 11:22; 19:29 2 S 21:5 1 K 1:3 2 K 10:32 1 Ch 21:12 (‖ ארץ) ψ 105:31 (= ארץ in ‖ Ez 8:16, 17) v 33; 147:14 Je 31:17 Ez 11:10, 11 Jo 4:6 Zp 2:8. b. territory of a city (or limit of such territory) Nu 35:26, 27 Jos 13:26 Ju 1:18^(×3) Ez 47:16^(×2); 17^(×2) (del. 𝔊 Co) 48:1 Am 6:2. †c. territory about Ezekiel’s temple Ez 43:12. †d. pl. in like sense (only use of pl.), of land Mi 5:5 Is 60:18 (‖ ארץ) Je 15:13; 17:3, cf. city 1 S 5:6 2 K 15:16; 18:8; so Ez 27:4 of Tyre. †e. fig. territory (region) of darkness Jb 38:20; territory of wickedness Mal 1:4 (of Edom); territory of his holiness ψ 78:54 (of Canaan).

† [גְּבוּלָה] n.f. border, boundary—sf. גְּבֻלָתוֹ Is 28:25; Pl. abs. גְּבֻלֹת Nu 32:33, גְּבֻלוֹת Jb 24:2; cstr. גְּבוּלוֹת ψ 74:17, גְּבוּלֹת Is 10:13, גְּבֻלֹת Dt 32:8; sf. גְּבוּלֹתֶיהָ Jos 18:20; 19:49, גְבֻלֹתֶיהָ Nu 34:2, 12; border, boundary of the earth (poet.) ψ 74:17; of peoples Is 10:13 Dt 32:8 (poem); of land of Canaan Nu 34:2, 12 (P) Jos 19:49 (JE); of a tribe Jos 18:20 (P); of territory about cities Nu 32:33 (P?); of a piece of ground Jb 24:2; of barley-field Is 28:25.

† גַּבְלֻת n.f. twisting—שַׁרְשֹׁת גַּבְלֻת Ex 28:22, שַׁרְשְׁרֹת גּ׳ 39:15 (both P), cords of twisting, i. e. (well or tightly) twisted cords.

† מִגְבָּלֹת n.f.pl. the twisted, i.e. cords, Ex 28:14 cf. Di (appos. שַׁרְשְׁרֹת זָהָב, ‖ שׁ׳ הָעֲבֹתֹת).

† [גָּבַל] vb.denom. bound, border—

Qal Pf. גָּֽבְלוּ Dt 19:14; Impf. 3 ms. יִגְבּוֹל Jos 18:20, 3 fs. תִּגְבָּל־ Zc 9:2;—bound, border, c. acc. Jos 18:20 (P); c. בְּ border upon, adjoin Zc 9:2; trans. set bounds Dt 19:14 (c. acc. cogn.)

Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. set bounds for, c. acc. וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֫ Ex 19:12; Imv. id. הַגְבֵּל v 23 (both JE), + Pt. מַגְבִּיל Ez 47:18 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Co.

† גְּבַל n.pr.loc. maritime city on the Pheuician coast Ez 27:9; (Ph. גבל = Byblus (Sm Di Jos 13:5); in Assyrian Gubli COT^Gloss.); mod. Jebeil Bd^{Pal 358}; v. also Furrer^{ZPV viii. 20}.

† גִּבְלִי adj.gent. offoregoing, c.art. = n.coll. Jos 13:5 והארץ הַגִּבְלִי, but read גְּבוּל הַגּ׳, cf. Di. 1 K 5:32 הַגִּבְלִים (but prob. textual error Th reads וַיַּגְבִּלוּם and they bordered them, made a border for them (the stones); 𝔊 ἔβαλαν, cf. also Klo).

† גְּבָל n.pr.loc. (= Arabic جِبَال, Γεβαληνη) mountainous region S. of Dead Sea, 𝔗 Seir, cf. Jos^{Ant. ii, 1, 2; ix, 9, 1}; ψ 83:8 גבָל ועמון ועמלק;—mod. Jibâl; Seetzen ^{ii. 357} Burckh^{Travels 401} Rob^{BR ii, 154}.

גבן (prob. be curved, contracted, coagulated; Syriac Pa. ܓܰܒܶܢ coagulate; Arabic جَبُنَ is be timid, perhaps from shrinking, cowering).

† גִּבֵּן adj. crook-backed, hump-backed (cf. Aramaic גְּבִין id., NH גַּבָּן highlander; also NH גבין, Aramaic גבינא, ܓܒܺܝܢܳܐ, all = brow (eyebrow, etc.); cf. Arabic جَبِينٌ side of forehead), Lv 21:20.

† גְּבִינָה n.f. curd, or cheese (NH id., Arabic جُبْنٌ, Ethiopic ግብነት Aramaic גּוּבְנָא, ܓܽܘܒܢܳܐ cf. ܓܒܶܬܐܴ )—וְכַגְּבִינָה תַּקְפִּיאֵנִי Jb 10:10 (K גְּבִנָּה).

† [גַּבְנֹן] n.[m.] peak, rounded summit; pl. גַּבְנֻנִּים: ψ 68:16 הַר־אֱלֹהִים הַר־בָּשָׁ֑ן הַר־ג׳ הַר־בָּשָֽׁן׃; הָרִים ג׳ v 17 (appos., Thes Dr^{§ 188} al.; others adj. many-peaked). Cf. Wetzst^{Batan. Giebelgeb., 1884}.

גבע (convex, projecting, high; cf. Aramaic Pa. גַּבַּע swell, swell up, גְּבִיעַ hump-backed, גִּבְעֲתָא hill; v. also i. גִּבְעָה infr.)

† גֶּ֫בַע n.pr.loc.—ג׳ abs. Jos 21:17 +; cstr. Ju 20:10 +; גָּ֑בַע Jos 18:24 +;—Levitical city, in Benjamin Jos 21:17 = 1 Ch 6:45 Jos 18:24 cf. 1 Ch 8:6, 1 K 15:22 Ne 11:31; also 1 S 13:16 & Ju 20:10, 33 MT, in all three read (גִּבְעַת) גִּבְעָה, cf. context;—northernmost city in kingdom of Judah 2 K 23:8 from Geba to Beersheba, cf. Zc 14:10; situated S. of pass of Michmash Is 10:29 1 S 14:5 cf. 1 S 13:3; mentioned also 2 Ch 16:6 Ezr 2:26 Ne 7:30; 12:29; in 1 S 13:18 𝔊 We Dr read הַגֶּבַע for MT גְּבוּל q.v.; (2 S 5:25 read גבעון with 𝔊 and 1 Ch 14:16).—Mod. Jebaʿ Rob^{BR i. 440 f.} Bd^{Pal 120}.

† גִּבְעָא n.pr.m. a son of Caleb 1 Ch 2:49.

† I. גִּבְעָה n.f. hill—abs. גִּבְעָה 2 S 2:25 + 13 times + Ez 6:13 (del. Co q.v.) 1 S 7:1 2 S 6:3, 4 (cf. Dr); cstr. גִּבְעַת Jos 5:3 + 8 times + 1 S 10:5 (cf. Dr); sf. גִּבְעָתִי Ez 34:26 (but del. Co), גִּבְעָתָהּ Is 31:4; pl. abs. גְּבָעוֹת Dt 12:2 + 35 times; cstr. גִּבְעוֹת Dt 33:15 Hb 3:6, גִּבְעֹת Gn 49:26; sf. גִּבְעוֹתֶיךָ Ez 35:8;—hill, height, elevation, both high and low, cf. ψ 148:9 ההרים וכל גבעות, 65:13;—

1. in ordinary prose, hill, lower than mountain Ex 17:9, 10 (E) 2 S 2:25; it may be n.pr. in 1 S 7:1; 10:10 2 S 6:3, 4 v. also sub ii. גִּבְעָה.

2. especially as place of illicit worship עַל כָּל־ג׳ גְּבֹהָה ותחת כל עץ רענן 1 K 14:23 2 K 17:10 Je 2:20; cf. Dt 12:2 2 K 16:4 2 Ch 28:4 (these two + במות); also Ho 4:13 Je 13:27; 17:2 Ez 6:13 (v. supr.).

3. very commonly ‖ הר in poet. & proph. Dt 33:15 ψ 72:3; 114:4, 6; 148:9 Ct 2:8; 4:6 Is 2:2, 14; 30:17, 25; 31:4; 40:4, 12; 41:15; 42:15; 54:10; 55:12; 65:7 Je 3:23; 4:24; 16:16; 50:7 Ez 6:3; 34:6; 35:8; 36:4, 6 Ho 4:13; 10:8 Jo 4:18 Am 9:13 Mi 4:1; 6:1 Na 1:5 Hb 3:6; rarely in prose Dt 12:2; sometimes as rejoicing ψ 65:13, majestic (poet.) ג׳ עולם Gn 49:26 Dt 33:15 Hb 3:6 (‘everlasting hills’); cf. also Jb 15:7; high Pr 8:25 (with adj. high, cf. supr.) Je 49:16.

4. hills with special names, some nearly or quite = n.pr.loc., which see under the respective words: ג׳ הַמּוֹרֶה Ju 7:1 teacher’s hill, in valley of Jezreel; ג׳ הָעֲרָלוֹת Jos 5:3 hill of the fore-skins; ג׳ הָאֱלֹהִים 1 S 10:5 (a designation of Gibeah); ג׳ הַחֲכִילָה 1 S 23:19; 26:1, 3; ג׳ אַמָּה 2 S 2:24; ג׳ הַלְּבוֹנָה Ct 4:6 (i.e. hill where frankincense is grown); ג׳ גָּרֵ֑ב Je 31:39; ג׳ יְרוּשָׁלַם Is 10:32 cf. 31:4 (where ‖ הַר־צִיּוֹן), Ez 34:26 (v. supr.) & הַגְּבָעוֹת Zp 1:10 hills on which Jerusalem stands.

II. גִּבְעָה n.pr.loc. (hill)—ג׳ Jos 15:57 +; (הַ)גִּבְעָ֫תָה Ju 20:4 + 5 times; גִּבְעַת Jos 18:28; cstr. גִּבְעַת 1 S 11:4 + 9 times; abs. always c. art. except Jos 15:57; 18:28 Ju 19:12; 20:31 1 S 10:26 2 Ch 13:2;—

†1. a city of Judah Jos 15:57 (perhaps one of two villages called Gabaa, Gabatha in Onom. v. Lag^{Onom. 246, 128; 2nd ed. 255, 160}).

2. city of Benj. Ju 19:14, 16 + 20 times Ju, 1 S 10:26; 14:2; 22:6; 26:1 2 S 23:29 = 1 Ch 11:31; also Ho 5:8; 9:9; 10:9^(×2) (cf. Ju 19:12 ff.) 2 Ch 13:2; perhaps also 1 S 7:1; 10:10 2 S 6:3, 4 read also (for גבע) 1 S 13:16 Ju 20:10, 33; = גִּבְעַת Jos 18:28; called also גִּבְעַת בִּנְיָמִין 1 S 13:2, 15; 14:16, & גִּבְעַת שָׁאוּל 1 S 11:4; 15:34 Is 10:29; 2 S 21:6 read prob. גִּבְעוֹן, 𝔊 We Dr.

†3. a city of Ephraim, called גִּבְעַת פִּֽינְחָס Jos 24:33.

גִּבְעַת n.pr.loc. (Ges^{§ 80, R. 2}) v. foregoing, 2.

† גִּבְעָתִי adj.gent. of גִּבְעָה of Benjamin (?) 1 Ch 12:3.

† גָּבִיעַ n.m. ^{Gn 44:12} cup, bowl—ג׳ Gn 44:12 + 2 times; cstr. גְּבִיעַ Gn 44:2; sf. גְּבִיעִי Gn 44:2; pl. גְּבִיעִים Ex 25:34, גְּבִעִים v 33^(×2) + 4 times; sf. גְּבִיעֶיהָ Ex 25:31; 34:17;—cup (of Joseph) Gn 44:2, 12, 16, 17; pl. cups (of golden candlestick in tab.) Ex 25:31, 33^(×2), 34; 37:17, 19^(×2), 20; bowls Je 35:5 גְּבִעִים מלאים יין וכֹסוֹת.

† מִגְבָּעוֹת n.f.pl. head-gear, turban, of common priest (conical or convex), Ex 28:40 Lv 8:13; מִגְבָּעֹת Ex 29:9; 39:28 (פַּאֲרֵי הַמּ׳).

† גִּבְעוֹן n.pr.loc.—ג׳ Jos 9:17 +; c. ָה loc., גִּבְע֫וֹנָה 2 S 12 cf. 1 K 3:4;—Levitical city in tribe of Benjamin; formerly inhabited by Hivites Jos 9:17; 10:2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 41; 11:19; 18:25; 21:17 2 S 2:12, 13 (pool of Gibeon) v 16; 3:30; 20:8 Je 28:1; 41:12 (great waters which are in Gibeon) v 16 1 Ch 14:16; vid. especially יוֹשְׁבֵי ג׳, אַנְשֵׁי ג׳ Jos 9:3 (called Hivites 9:7) 10:1, 6; 11:19 Ne 3:7, so בְּנֵי ג׳ Ne 7:25 (= בְּנֵי גִבָּר Ezr 2:20, v. גִּבָּר); cf. also as n.pr.m. 1 Ch 8:29 וּבְגִבְעוֹן יָֽשְׁבוּ אֲבִי גִבְעוֹן = 9:35; cf. מִדְבַּר ג׳ 2 S 2:24, עֵמֶק בְּג׳ Is 28:21; it was the site of a great Bamah 1 K 3:4, 5; 9:2, where was ‘the tabernacle of Yahweh in the high place’ according to 1 Ch 16:39, cf. 21:29 2 Ch 1:3, 13.

† גִּבְעֹנִי adj.gent.—always c. art. הַגִּבְעֹנִי Ne 3:7, הַגִּבְעוֹנִי 1 Ch 12:4, הַגִּבְעֹנִים 2 S 21:1, 2^(×2), 3, 4, 9.

† גִּבְעֹל n.[m.] bud (Ol^{§ 216 b})—Ex 9:31 the flax was bud (i. e. in bud Dr^{§ 188. (2)}), cf. RS^{JPh. xii. 299, 300}.

† גָּבַר vb. be strong, mighty (NH id., Aramaic גְּבַר; Arabic جَبَرَ (conj. I. dial.; usually in derived conj.) compel, force; جَبَرِيَّةٌ overbearing behaviour, جَبْرٌ constraint; Ethiopic ገብረ I, 1, subigere; II, 2, cogere; Syriac ܐܶܬܓܰܒܰܪ play the man, is denom. from ܓܒܰܪ man)—

Qal Pf. ג׳ ψ 103:11 + 5 times; גָּבְֽרוּ Gn 7:19 + 6 times; גָּבֵ֑רוּ 2 S 1:23; Impf. יִגְבַּר 1 S 2:9; וַיִּגְבְּרוּ Gn 7:18, 24;— 1. be strong, mighty, abs. גָּבְֽרוּ חַיִל mighty in power Jb 21:7; with מִן stronger than 2 S 1:23 ψ 65:4; with בְּ mighty among 1 Ch 5:2. 2. prevail:— a. abs. e.g. enemies Ex 17:11^(×2) (E) 1 S 2:9 La 1:16, waters Gn 7:18, 19, 20, 24 (P), power Je 9:2; b. with עַל prevail over, subj. enemies 2 S 11:23, blessings Gn 49:26 (J), mercy of God ψ 103:11; 117:2.

Pi. Pf. גִּבַּרְתִּי Zc 10:6; sf. גִּבַּרְתִּים Zc 10:12; Impf. יְגַבֵּר Ec 10:10 make strong, strengthen.

Hiph. Pf. הִגְבִּיר בְּרִית לְ confirm a covenant Dn 9:27; Impf. נַגְבִּיר לִלְשֹׁנֵנוּ we will confirm a covenant with our tongue Ew Ol Che (or, to our tongue will we give strength Hi De) ψ 12:5.

Hithp. Impf. יִתְגַּבָּ֑ר Jb 15:25 Is 42:13; יִתְגַּבָּ֑רוּ Jb 36:9:—of י׳, shew himself a mighty one against (עַל) Is 42:13; of wicked, behave proudly toward (אֶל) Jb 15:25; of erring righteous (abs.) 36:9.

גְּבַר v. following.

I. גֶּ֫בֶר₆₆ n.m. man (NH id., MI¹⁶ גברן (pl.), Aramaic גְּבַר, ܓܒܰܪ; Assyrian gabru, rival is Akkadian loanword according to Schr^{JLZ 1874, 200} Dl^{S 120, Sm. Chald. Gen. 286})—Dt 22:5 + 39 times; גָּ֑בֶר Jb 3:3 + 13 times; cstr. גְּבֶּר ψ 18:26 (= 2 S 22:26 גִּבּוֹר but 𝔊 𝔖 read גֶּבֶר); pl. גְּבָרים Je 41:16 + 10 times;—man as strong, disting. from women, children, and non-combatants whom he is to defend, chiefly poetic Ex 10:11 Nu 24:3, 15 (E) Ex 12:37 Jos 7:14, 17, 18 (J) Dt 22:5^(×2) Ju 5:30 2 S 23:1 1 Ch 23:3; 24:4; 26:12 Jb 3:3 + 14 times Jb; ψ 18:26 + 8 times ψ; Pr 6:34 + 7 times Pr; Is 22:17 Je 17:5 + 8 times Je; La 3:1, 27, 35, 39 Dn 8:15 Mi 2:2 Hb 2:5 Zc 13:7; also 1 S 10:21 𝔊 We Dr; = each (of locusts) Jo 2:8, cf. אישׁ.

† II. גֶּ֫בֶר n.pr.m. an official of Solomon 1 K 4:19 (cf. בֶּן־גֶּבֶר v 13, p. 122 supr.)

† גִּבָּר n.pr. (Aramaic id. = hero) Ezr 2:20 prob. = גִּבְעוֹן Ne 7:25.

גִּבּוֹר₁₅₉ adj. strong, mighty (cf. Arabic جَبَّارٌ one who magnifies himself, behaves proudly, a tyrant, who is bold, audacious)—Gn 10:9 + 58 times; גִּבֹּר Gn 10:8 + 2 times; גִּבּוֹרָם 1 S 17:51; pl. גִּבּוֹרִים Je 46:9 + 27 times; גִּבֹּרִים Jos 10:2 + 21 times; cstr. גִּבּוֹרֵי 1 Ch 11:27 + 29 times; גִּבֹּרֵי 1 Ch 9:26 + 4 times; sf. גִּבּוֹרֶיךָ Ho 10:13 + (var. sfs. 11 times);—

1. adj. גִּבּוֹר בַּבְּהֵמָה mightiest among beasts Pr 30:30; אִישׁ גִּבּוֹר 1 S 14:52; גִּבּוֹר בָּאָרֶץ ψ 112:2; גִּבּוֹר צַיִד mighty in hunting Gn 10:9 (J); מלך גבור Dn 11:3; אֵל גִּבּוֹר the Messiah Is 9:5; attribute of God especially as fighting for his people ψ 24:8^(×2) Dt 10:17 Ne 9:32 Is 10:21 Je 32:18 (cf. Arabic الجَبَّارُ).

2. n.m. strong, valiant man Jos 10:2 (E) Gn 6:4; 10:8 (J) Ju 5:13, 23 1 S 2:4 + 16 times 1 K 1:8, 10 2 K 24:16 1 Ch 1:10 + 11 times Ezr 7:28 Jb 16:14 ψ 19:6; 33:16; 45:4; 52:3; 78:65; 89:20; 120:4; 127:4 Pr 16:32; 21:22 Ct 3:7^(×2); 4:4 Ec 9:11 Is 3:2; 13:3; 21:17; 42:13; 49:24, 25 Je 5:16 + 17 times Ez 32:12 + 5 times Ho 10:13 Jo 2:7; 4:9, 10, 11 Am 2:14, 16 Ob 9 Na 2:4 Zp 1:14; 3:17 Zc 9:13; 10:5, 7; cf. phrases גִּבּוֹר חיל mighty man of valour Ju 6:12; 11:1 1 S 9:1; 16:18 1 K 11:28 2 K 5:1 (וְהָאִישׁ הָיָה גִּבּוֹר חַיִל מְצֹרָ֑ע so 𝔊 al. 𝔊L ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἦν λεπρός, cf. also Klo’s dub. emend.), 1 Ch 12:28; 28:1 2 Ch 13:3; 17:16, 17; 25:6; 32:21; אישׁ גבור חיל Ru 2:1; גבורי החיל Jos 1:14 (D) 6:2; 10:7 (JE) 2 K 15:20; 24:14; אישׁ גבורי החיל Jos 8:3; גברי חיל 1 Ch 5:24 + 14 times Ne 11:14; גבורי חילים 1 Ch 7:5, 7, 11, 40; גבורי החילים 1 Ch 11:26; גברי כח ψ 103:20; גבורי מלחמה 2 Ch 13:3; גברי הֹשׂערים 1 Ch 9:26; בית הגבורים Ne 3:16; (ה)צָבָא הגבורים 2 S 10:7 1 Ch 19:8; ראשׁי הגברים 1 Ch 11:10; גבורים לשׁתות valiant to drink Is 5:22.

† גְּבוּרָה₆₁ n.f. strength, might—Ex 32:18 + 16 times; cstr. גְּבוּרַת ψ 147:10; sf. גְּבוּרָתוֹ + (sfs. 32 times); pl. גְּבוּרוֹת Jb 41:4 + 3 times; גְּבֻרוֹת ψ 71:16; גְּבוּרֹתֶיךָ Dt 3:24 + (sfs. 6 times);—

1. strength, cf. horse Jb 39:19 ψ 147:10, crocodile Jb 41:4, sun Ju 5:31, body of man ψ 90:10 Ec 9:16; 10:17.

2. might, valour, of warriors Ju 8:21 Pr 8:14 Is 3:25; 28:6; 30:15 Je 9:22; 23:10; 49:35; 51:30 Ez 32:29, 30 Mi 3:8; 7:16; קוֹל עֲנוֹת גְּבוּרָה noise of shouting in warlike strength Ex 32:18 (E); עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה 2 K 18:20 Is 11:2; 36:5; cf. phrases of compiler of Kings כֹּל גְּבוּרָתוֹ 1 K 15:23 2 K 10:34; 20:20; אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וּגְבוּרָתוֹ 1 K 16:5, 27; 22:46 2 K 13:8, 12; 14:15, 28; cf. also מַלְכוּתוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ 1 Ch 29:30, תָקְפּוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ Est 10:2.

3. might of God Jb 26:14 ψ 21:14; 54:3; 65:7; 66:7; 71:18; 80:3; 89:14; 106:8; 145:11 Is 33:13 Je 10:6; 16:21; cf. phrases כח וגבורה 1 Ch 29:12 2 Ch 20:6, חכמה וג׳ Jb 12:13, משׁפט וג׳ Mi 3:8, הגדלה והג׳ 1 Ch 29:11; גְּבוּרוֹת mighty deeds of God Dt 3:24 ψ 20:7; 71:16; 106:2; 145:4, 12; 150:2 Is 63:15.

† גְּבִיר n.m. lord, Gn 27:29, 37.

† גְּבִירָה n.f.

1. lady, queen, 1 K 11:19;

2. queen-mother, 1 K 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16; וַיְסִרֶהָ מִגּ׳ he removed her from (the position of) queenmother; cf. 2 K 10:13 Je 13:18; 29:2.

† גְּבֶ֫רֶת n.f.

1. lady, queen, Is 47:5, 7.

2. mistress of servants, sf. גְּבִרְתִּי Gn 16:8; גְּבִרְתֵּךְ Gn 16:9; גְּבִרְתָּהּ Gn 16:4 2 K 5:3 ψ 123:2 Pr 30:23; (pl. גברת women MI¹⁶); גְּבִרְתָּהּ Is 24:2.

† גַּבְרִיאֵל n.pr.m. (man of Ēl) an archangel Dn 8:16; 9:21 (cf. Lu 1:19).

גבשׁ (be firm, massive, cf. Assyrian gabâšu, be thick, massive, Zim^{BP 76}, & deriv.; cf. also Aramaic גַּבֵּשׁ Pa. heap up, Heb. גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית height, hill).

† גָּבִישׁ n.m. crystal (cf. אֶלְגָּבִישׁ hail—on relation of meanings cf. Gk. κρύσταλλος, & Ethiopic usage of እብነ በረድ Di^{Lex. Aeth. 759}—Arabic جِبْسٌ gypsum, Assyrian gibšu, mass, abundance, COT^Gloss)—רָאמוֹת וְגָבִישׁ Jb 28:18 coral and crystal.

† מַגְבִּישׁ n.pr.m. Ezr 2:30 בְּנֵי מ׳ 𝔊 Μαγεβως, etc., a family of returning exiles, om. ‖ Ne 7:33, but 𝔊 A א Μαγεβως etc., 𝔊L Μαγβεις; cf. Sm^{Listen 15}.

גִּבְּתוֹן v. sub גבב.

† גָּג n.m. roof, top (NH id.; Di comp. Ethiopic ጋግ, ጋጋ vinculum (ferreum), jugo simil. collare ferreum; √ dub.; Thes proposes גנג; perhaps גנג (= גנגן) cover Bö^{§ 292} Sta^{§ 189 a} MV)—גָּג Jos 2:6 + 9 times + 1 S 9:26 Kt (Qr גָּ֫גָה), גָּ֫גָה Jos 2:6 1 S 9:26 Qr (Kt גג); cstr. Ju 9:51 + 2 times + Ez 40:13 (del. Co v. infr.); sf. גַּגֶּ֑ךָ Dt 22:8, גַּגּוֹ Ex 30:3 + 2 times + Ez 40:13 (del. Co v. infr.); pl. גַּגּוֹת Is 37:27 + 5 times; sf. גַּגּוֹתֶיהָ Is 15:3, גַּגּוֹתֵיהֶם Je 32:29, גַּגֹּתֵיהֶם Je 19:13;—

1. roof (of house) Dt 22:8 Jos 2:6^(×2), 8 Ju 16:27 1 S 9:25, 26 2 S 11:2^(×2); 16:22 2 K 19:26 = Is 37:27, Ne 8:16 ψ 102:8; 129:6 Pr 21:9; 25:24 Is 15:3; 22:1 Je 48:38; as places of idolatrous worship (especially of heavenly bodies) Je 19:13; 32:29 Zp 1:5; so הַגָּג עֲלִיַּת אָחָז 2 K 23:12, roof of tower Ju 9:51, over gate 2 S 18:24, of chamber Ez 40:13^(×2) (but 𝔊 Co קיר).

2. top of altar of incense, in tabern. Ex 30:3; 37:26 (both P).

גַּד, גָּד, גִּדְגָּד, גֻּדְגֹּדָה v. sub גדד.

† [גָּדַד] vb. penetrate, cut (NH id., cut, cut out, Aramaic גְּדַד, ܓܰܕ, Arabic جَدّ cut, cut off; Ethiopic ገደደ in deriv.)—

Qal Impf. ψ 94:21 יָג֯וֹדּוּ עַל־נֶפֶשׁ צַדִּיק they attack (penetrate, make inroads upon) the life of a righteous man (Ol proposes יָגוּרוּ cf. 56:7; 59:4 where, however, Che יגודו; si vera l., perhaps denom. from גְּדוּד cf. Ho 6:9 & infr.; cf. also גוד & Kö^{i 356}).

Hithpo. Impf. יִתְגֹּדַד Je 16:6; 2 fs. תִּתְגֹּדֲדִי Mi 4:14, תִּתְגּוֹדָ֑דִי Je 47:5; pl. וַיִּתְגֹּדְדוּ 1 K 18:28, יִתְגּוֹדָ֑דוּ Je 5:7 + Ho 7:14 v. infr., תִּתְגֹּדְדוּ Dt 14:1; Pt. pl. מִתְגֹּדְדִים Je 41:5;— 1. cut oneself, as religious (heathen) practice 1 K 18:28; practised also by men of Shechem, etc. in worship of י׳ (late) Je 41:5; for the dead, forbidden Dt 14:1 לֹא תִתְגֹּדְדוּ וְלֹא תָשִׂימוּ קָרְחָה בֵּין עֵינֵיכֶם לָמֵת, Je 16:6; cf. 47:5 (subject Philistia personified); also for MT יִתְגּוֹרָר֖וּ Ho 7:14 Codd, they cut themselves, 𝔊 Gr Che RVm, read We Now Marti Harper (cf. i, ii. גּוּר). 2. gather in troops, or bands; go in troops or throngs, throng; (denominative from גְּדוּד q.v.) cf. תִּתְגֹּדֲדִי בַת־גְּדוּד Mi 4:14 (addressed to Jerusalem); Je 5:7 read prob. יִתְגֹּרָ֑רוּ 𝔊 Gie Du al. וּבֵית זוֹנָה יִתְגּ׳ and to a harlot’s house they throng.

I. גְּדוּד n.m. ^{Gn 49:19} band, troop (as making inroads; others, as a division, detachment (as severed), but this usually later in Heb.)—ג׳ abs. 1 S 30:8 + 19 times; cstr. 2 Ch 25:9; pl. גְּדוּדִים 2 S 4:2 + 2 times; cstr. גְּדוּדֵי 2 K 6:23 + 6 times; sf. גְּדוּדָיו Jb 19:12; 25:3;—

1. marauding band (making incursions, inroads, cf. גדד) 1 S 30:8, 15^(×2), 23 cf. 1 Ch 12:22, also 2 Ch 22:1 1 K 11:24 2 K 5:2; 6:23; 13:20, 21; 24:2^(×4) cf. 2 S 22:30 = ψ 18:30, & Gn 49:19 (v. גַּד 30:11) Ho 6:9; 7:1 Je 18:22; שָׂרֵי גְּדוּדִים 2 S 4:2, cf. וַיִּתְּנֵם בְּרָאשֵׁי הַגְּדוּד 1 Ch 12:19; fig. of God’s attacking forces, his chastisements Jb 19:12 (cf. 25:3 infr.)

2. troop, of divisions of army of Isr. (late) גְּדוּדֵי צְבָא מִלְחָמָה 1 Ch 7:4, cf. 2 Ch 26:11; band of Israel, i.e. troop of mercenaries hired from Isr. by Amaziah 2 Ch 25:9, 10; בְּנֵי הַגְּדוּד i.e. soldiers of the band 2 Ch 25:13; of army in general כְּמֶלֶךְ בַּגְּדוּד Jb 29:25, in sim.; also Mi 4:14 בַּת־גְּדוּד of Zion.

3. foray, raid 2 S 3:22.

† II. [גְּדוּד, or גְּדוּדָה] n.[m. or f.

† I. גַּד n.m. coriander (NH גִּיד, Aramaic גִּידָּא; connexion with above √ dub.; v. further Löw^{No. 155})—זֶרַע גַּד Ex 16:31 Nu 11:7, sim. of manna.

† II. [גַּד] 1. n.[m.] fortune, good fortune (Arabic جَدٌّ id., Aramaic גַּדָּא, ܓܰܕܳܐ )—Gn 30:11 בּגד Kt, i.e. בְּגָד (בָּא גָד֑ Qr), 𝔊 ἐν τύχῃ, by or with good fortune.

2. n.pr.m. god of fortune (Arabic جَدّ We^{Skizzen iii. 171}; גד named often in Ph. & Aramaic inscript., & found in Ph. & Aramaic n.pr., Bae^{Rel 76 f.} Nö^{ZMG 1888, 479}; v. especially Siegf^{JPTh 1875, 356 ff.})—c. לְ + art. לַגַּד Is 65:11 cf. Che.

III. גָּד₇₁ n.pr.m. (fortunatus? perhaps der. from foreg. divine name Siegf^{JPTh 1875, 364} Sta^{Gesch. i. 148}; but v. also Bae^{Rel. 159 f.})—גָּ֥ד Gn 35:26 +, as well as גָּד֑ Gn 30:11 +;—

1. son of Jacob and Zilpah; a. strictly as personal name Gn 30:11; 35:26; 46:16 Ex 1:4 cf. Gn 49:19 1 Ch 2:2. b. as name of tribe Nu 1:14 Dt 27:13; 33:20^(×2) Jos 18:7 Ez 48:27, 28; cf. אֶרֶץ גָּד 1 S 13:7 v. also Je 49:1, שַׁעַר גָּד Ez 48:34, on הַנַּחַל הַגָּד 2 S 24:5 cf. We Dr; explicitly מַטֵּה גָּד Nu 1:25; 2:14; 13:15 Jos 13:24; 20:8; 21:7, 36 1 Ch 6:48, 65; once, צְבָא מַטֵּה בְנֵי־גָד Nu 10:20; בְּנֵי גָד (MI¹⁰ אש גד) Nu 1:24 + 12 times Nu; Jos 4:12 + 14 times Jos; 1 Ch 5:11; 12:14.

†2. a prophet in David’s time, called נָבִיא 1 S 22:5, but הַנָּבִיא חֹזֶה דָוִד 2 S 24:11 & חֹזֵה דָוִיד ‖ 1 Ch 21:9, הַחֹזֶה 1 Ch 29:29 & חֹזֵה־הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Ch 29:25. מִגְדַּל־גַּד v. p. 154.

† I. גָּדִי adj.gent. of גָּד 1, Gadite 2 S 23:36 (so perhaps also ‖ 1 Ch 11:38 where MT הַגְרִי q.v.; cf. Th Be Dr); elsewhere as n.pr. coll.: so 1 Ch 5:18 (only here without art., read perhaps גָּד so 𝔊), Dt 3:12, 16; 4:43; 29:7 Jos 1:12; 12:6; 13:8; 22:1 2 K 10:33 1 Ch 5:26; 12:8, 37; 26:32.

† II. גָּדִי n.pr.m. father of Menahem 2 K 15:14, 17 (cf. גדו (? גדי) n.pr.m. Eut^{Nab No. 25}; Palm. גדיא n.pr.m. Vog^{No. 32}).

גַּדָּה in חֲצַר ג׳ v. sub חצר.

† גַּדִּי n.pr.m. (my fortune) a man of Manasseh Nu 13:11.

† גַּדִּיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl is my fortune) a man of Zebulun Nu 13:10.

גִּדְגָּד in חֹר הַגּ׳ v. following & sub חֹר.

† גֻּדְגֹּ֫דָה c. art. הַגֻּדְגֹּ֫דָה n.pr.loc. (meaning dub.) station of Israel in wilderness Dt 10:7^(×2) (in ‖ Nu 33:32 חֹר הַגִּדְגָּ֑ד v. sub חֹר).

† מְגִדּוֹ and (Zc 12:11) מְגִדּוֹן n.pr.loc. (connexion with above √ not clear; 𝔊 Μαγεδδω, Μεκεδω, Μαγεδω, etc.; 𝔙 Mageddo; Assyrian Magadû, Magidû, COT^Gloss Dl^{Pa 287}) old Canaanitish city, assigned to Manasseh 1 K 4:12; 9:15 2 K 9:27; 23:29, 30; מֶלֶךְ מ׳ Jos 12:21; ישְׁבֵי מ׳ Jos 17:11 = Ju 1:27; מֵי מ׳ Ju 5:19; בִּקְעַת מ׳ Zc 12:11 2 Ch 35:22;—mod. Lejjûn (= legio) Rob^{BR ii, 329 f. 364} Bd^{Pal 229}.

גדה (cut, cut or tear away?)

† [גָּדָה] n.f. bank of river (cf. Arabic جُدَّةٌ, جِدَّةٌ id., Aramaic גּוּדָּא, wall), גְּדוֹתָיו Jos 3:15; 4:18 1 Ch 12:16 Is 8:7.

[גדיה] only pl. sf. 1 Ch 12:16 Kt, v. foregoing.

† גְּדִי n.m. Gn 27, 9 kid (NH id., Arabic جَدْىٌ Ph. גדא, Aramaic גַּדְיָא, ܓܰܕܝܳܐ; cf. Assyrian gadû, gadiia, Meissner ^{ZA iv. 1889, 286} Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 505})—גְּדִי Gn 38:17 + 12 times (abs. Gn 38:23 +, & (generally) cstr. Gn 38:17 +); pl. גְּדָיִים 1 S 10:3, cstr. גְּדָיֵי Gn 27:9, 16;—kid, almost always ג׳ עִזִּים Gn 27:9, 16; 38:17, 20 Ju 6:19; 13:15, 19; 15:1 1 S 16:20; abs. Ex 23:19; 34:26 Dt 14:21 (all לא תבשׁל ג׳ בחלב אמו), & c. art. הַגּ׳ Gn 38:23 Ju 14:6; abs. pl. 1 S 10:3;—cf. also עֵין גֶּ֫דִי.

† [גְּדִיָּה] n.f. only pl. kids sf. גְּדִיֹּתַיִךְ Ct 1:8 (‖ הצאן).

† גָּדַל₁₁₅ vb. grow up, become great (Aramaic גְּדַל (Ithpe.), ܓܕܰܠ twist, twine, Arabic جَدَلَ twist a cord, make firm, strong, become strong, so NH)—

Qal Pf. ג׳ etc. Gn 38:14 + 14 times; sf. גְּדֵלַנִי Jb 31:18; Impf. יִגְדַּל etc. ψ 35:27 + 34 times;— 1. grow up, a. child Gn 21:8, 20; 25:27; 38:11, 14 Ex 2:10, 11 (JE) Ju 11:2; 13:24 Ru 1:13 1 S 2:21; 3:19 1 K 12:8, 10 (= 2 Ch 10:8, 10) 2 K 4:18; גְּדֵלַנִי כְאָב he grew up to me as to a father Jb 31:18; b. lamb 2 S 12:3. 2. become great, a. in extent, wealthy Gn 26:13^(×2); 41:40 (JE) Je 5:27; b. in value, בְּעֵינֵי י׳, גָּֽדְלָה נֶפֶשׁ בְּעֵיָנ֑י prized by 1 S 26:24^(×2); c. in intensity, grief Jb 2:13, mourning Zc 12:11, punishment La 4:6, trespass Ezr 9:6; d. in sound, loud cry Gn 19:13 (J); e. in importance, of a king Ec 2:9 1 K 10:23 (= 2 Ch 9:22) Dn 8:9, 10 (under fig. of horn), chief Gn 24:35; 48:19 (J), Messiah Mi 5:3, Jerusalem Ez 16:7; f. of God 2 S 7:22 ψ 104:1, his works ψ 92:6, his power Nu 14:17 (J). 3. to be magnified, a. house of David Zc 12:7; b. Yahweh ψ 35:27; 40:17; 70:5 Mal 1:5, his name 2 S 7:26 (= 1 Ch 17:24).

Pi. Pf. גִּדַּל Jos 4:14 Est 3:1; גִּדֵּ֔ל Is 49:21; גִּדֵּ֑לָה Is 51:18, etc.; Impf. יְגַדֵּל Is 44:14 + 8 times; Imv. גַּדְּלוּ ψ 34:4; Inf. גַּדֵּל Nu 6:5 + 3 times; Pt. מְגַדְּלִים 2 K 10:6 (מְגַדְּלוֹת) Ct 5:13 𝔊 𝔙 Hi Bö De);— 1. cause to grow, e.g. hair Nu 6:5 (P), plants Jon 4:10 Is 44:14 Ez 31:4 Ct 5:13; bring up children 2 K 10:6 Is 1:2; 23:4; 49:21; 51:18 Dn 1:5 Ho 9:12. 2. make great, powerful Gn 12:2 (J) Jos 3:7; 4:14 (D) 1 K 1:37, 47 1 Ch 29:12, 25 2 Ch 1:1 Est 3:1; 5:11; 10:2. 3. magnify, a. man Jb 7:17; b. God ψ 34:4 w. ל, 69:31.

Pu. Pt. pl. מְגֻדָּלִים brought up ψ 144:12.

Hiph. Pf. הִגְדִּיל ψ 41:10 +, etc.; Impf. יַגְדִּיל Is 42:21 Dn 8:25, etc.; Inf. הַגְדִּיל 1 Ch 22:8 Am 8:5; Pt. מַגְדִּיל ψ 18:51 (= מִגְדֹּיל in ‖ 2 S 22:51); pl. מַגְדִּילִים ψ 35:26;— 1. make great, e.g. shekel Am 8:5, pile for fire Ez 24:9, joy Is 9:2, counsel Is 28:29, wisdom Ec 1:16, works Ec 2:4, house of Yahweh 1 Ch 22:5; the heel ψ 41:10 either lifted high (Ges), or (cf. De Now) gave me insidiously a great fall; cf. ג׳ פִּיךָ Ob 12 i.e. utter proud words (v. רחב Hiph.). 2. magnify, salvation ψ 18:51, so ‖ 2 S 22:51 (Kt מַגְדִּיל; > Qr מִגְדֹּל). mercy Gn 19:19 (J), teaching Is 42:21, the word of Yahweh ψ 138:2. 3. do great things הִגְדִּיל לַעֲשׂוֹת, a. in a good sense, of God ψ 126:2, Jo 2:21, also pregn. without Inf. 1 S 12:24. b. in bad sense, of ‘the northern one’ Jo 2:20, also pregn. without Inf. La 1:9 Zp 2:8, 10 Dn 8:4, 8, 11, 25; with עַל, of enemies ψ 35:26; 38:17; 55:13 Jb 19:5 Je 48:26, 42; Ez 35:13 of speaking ג׳ עָלַי בְּפִיכֶם. c. also, with Inf. implied, wept greatly 1 S 20:41.

Hithp. Pf. וְהִתְגַּדִּלְתִּ֫י Ez 38:23 I will magnify myself, shew myself great and powerful (of God); Impf. יִתְגַּדֵּל, with עַל in a bad sense, magnify oneself against Is 10:15 Dn 11:36; יִתְגַּדָּ֑ל Dn 11:37.

† גָּדֵל pt.m. or adj.verbal. becoming great, growing up, Gn 26:13 (J) 1 S 2:26 (cf. Dr) 2 Ch 17:12; also great, pl. cstr. גִּדְלֵי בָשָׂר Ez 16:26 great of flesh.

† גֹּ֫דֶל n.m. greatness—Dt 32:3 + 5 times; sf. גָּדְלוֹ Dt 5:21 + 5 times; גֻּדְלוֹ ψ 150:2;—

1. greatness, magnitude, tree Ez 31:7, arm of God ψ 79:11, mercy of God Nu 14:19.

2. magnificence, a. king Ez 31:2, 18; b. God Dt 3:24; 5:21; 9:26; 11:2; 32:3 ψ 150:2.

3. in a bad sense, גֹּדֶל לֵבָב = pride, insolence of heart Is 9:8; 10:12.

† גְּדִלִים n.[m.]pl. twisted threads (NH גְּדִיל, Bab. gidlu, cord on which onions were strung, a string of onions, Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 511}; Aramaic גְּדִילָא, ܓܕܺܝܠܬܳܐ thread, cord, rope, also plaited locks, ܓܕܽܘ̈ܠܷܐ id.)—

1. tassels Dt 22:12 on border of garment (‖ צִיצִת Nu 15:38, 39).

2. festoons, on capitals of columns 1 K 7:17.

גָּדוֹל₅₂₂ adj. great—ג׳ Gn 4:13 + 279 times; גָּדֹל Dt 26:8 + 22 times; cstr. גְּדוֹל Ex 15:16 belongs rather sub גֹּ֫דֶל Ez 17:3, 7, גְּדֹל Ex 15:16 Je 32:19, גְּדָל־ Pr 19:19, גְּדָו֯ל־ ψ 145:8 Na 1:3; sf. גְּדוֹלָם Je 6:13 + 2 times; pl. גְּדוֹלִים Ex 7:4 + 11 times, גְּדֹלִים Gn 12:17 + 22 times; cstr. גְּדֹלֵי ψ 79:11 2 K 10:6; sf. גְּדֹלָיו 2 K 10:11 Jon 3:7; גְּדוֹלָיהָ Na 3:10; f. גְּדוֹלָה Nu 22:18 + 96 times; גְּדֹלָה Gn 15:12 + 31 times; pl. גְּדוֹלֹת Ne 9:26; 12:31, גְּדֹלוֹת Dt 27:2 + 30 times, גְּדֹלֹת Nu 13:28 + 7 times;—great,

1. in magnitude and extent, e.g. sea Nu 34:6, river Gn 15:18, wilderness Dt 1:19, rain 1 K 18:45, mountain Zc 4:7, city Gn 10:12, house Je 52:13, altar Jos 22:10, throne 2 Ch 9:17, sea-monsters Gn 1:21, fish Jon 2:1, eagle Ez 17:3, terebinth 2 S 18:9, substance Gn 15:14, wealth Dn 11:2, victory 1 S 19:5; 1 S 19:22 בּוֹר הַגָּדוֹל read ב׳ הַגֹּרֶן according to 𝔊 We Dr.

2. in number, e.g. nation Gn 12:2, congregation Je 31:8, camp 1 Ch 12:22, army Ez 17:17, sacrifice 2 K 10:19. slaughter Dt 28:59 1 S 4:17.

3. in intensity, fear Dt 4:34, weeping Is 38:3, power כּחַ Ex 32:11, joy Jon 4:6, anger Dt 29:23, indignation Je 21:5, sin Gn 20:9, iniquity Gn 4:13, evil Gn 39:9, trespass Ez 9:7.

4. in sound, loud voice Gn 39:14, cry Ex 11:6, shout Jos 6:5.

5. in age, elder, eldest, son Gn 27:1, daughter Gn 29:16, brother Gn 10:21, sister Ez 16:46.

6. in importance, a. things †(הַ)דָּבָר (הַ)גָּדֹל an important thing or affair Ex 18:22 Dt 4:32 1 S 12:16 2 K 5:13; 8:13; יום יהוה Je 30:7 Ho 2:2 Jo 2:11; 3:4 Zp 1:14 Mal 3:23. b. of men, great, distinguished, Moses Ex 11:3, David 2 S 5:10, Job Jb 1:3, Mordecai Est 9:4, kings Ec 9:14 Je 27:7; especially of king of Assyrian הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֹל 2 K 18:19, 28 = Is 36:4, 13, = Assyrian šarru rabbu, šarru dannu, e.g. KB ^{i. 94, 1. 1}; הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל the h. p. Lv 21:10 + 20 times; (הָ)אִישׁ גָּדוֹל 1 S 25:2 2 S 19:33 2 K 5:1; אִשָּׁה גְדוֹלָה 2 K 4:8; †גָּדוֹל a great man 2 S 3:38 Mi 7:3; לֹא תֶהְדַּר פְּנֵי גָדוֹל thou shalt not honour (favour) the person of a great man (opp. דָּל) Lv 19:15 (H); †(הַ)גְּדוֹלִים the great 2 S 7:9 = 1 Ch 17:8 Ne 11:14 (vid. infr.) Pr 18:16; 25:6 Je 5:5 (2 K 10:11 𝔊L ἀγχιστεύοντας, Klo גֹּאֲלָיו); further גְּדֹלֵי הָעִיר 2 K 10:6; (כָּל־)גְּדֹלָיו 2 K 10:11; Jon 3:7; כָּל־גְּדוֹלֶיהָ Na 3:10. c. †of God, himself 2 Ch 2:4 Ne 4:8; 8:6 ψ 86:10; 99:2; 135:5; 147:5 Is 12:6 Je 10:6; (הָ)אֵל (הַ)גָּדוֹל Dt 7:21; 10:17 Ne 1:5; 9:32 ψ 77:14; 95:3 Je 32:18 Dn 9:4; גדול מכל האלהים Ex 18:11; גדול ומהלל מאד 1 Ch 16:25 ψ 48:2; 96:4; 145:3; מלך גדול ψ 47:3; 95:3 Mal 1:14; †his works Dt 11:7 Ju 2:7 ψ 111:2, †glory ψ 21:6; 138:5, †name Jos 7:9 1 S 12:22 1 K 8:42 2 Ch 6:32 ψ 76:2; 99:3 Je 10:6; 44:26 Ez 36:23 Mal 1:11^(×2), mercy 1 K 3:6 2 Ch 1:8 ψ 57:11; 86:13; 108:5, goodness Ne 9:25, compassion Is 54:7.

7. in phrases †עוֹד הַיּוֹם גָּדוֹל it is yet high day (Fr. grand jour, Germ. hoch am Tage, the day is at its height) Gn 29:7; †כַּקָּטֹן כַּגָּדֹל (or reverse) as well small as great Dt 1:17 1 Ch 25:8; 26:13 2 Ch 31:15; †(לְ)מִקָּטֹן וְעַד גָּדוֹל (or reverse) from small to great Gn 19:11 1 S 5:9; 30:2, 19 2 K 23:2; 25:26 2 Ch 15:13; 34:30 Est 1:5, 20 Je 6:13; 8:10; 31:34; 42:1, 8; 44:12 Jon 3:5.

8. cstr. גְּדֹל (הַ)כְּנָפַיִם great of wings Ez 17:3, 7, so of anger Pr 19:19 (Qr); usually of God, in power Na 1:3, counsel, Je 32:19, mercy ψ 145:8.

9. as subst. concr. †עשׂה גדלות do great things, of God’s great acts of redemption and judgment Dt 10:21 Jb 5:9; 9:10; 37:5 ψ 71:19; 106:21; of the miracles of Elisha 2 K 8:4; of things too great and so presumptuous, haughty תבקשׁ ג׳ Je 45:5; מדברת ג׳ ψ 12:4; לא הלכתי בג׳ ψ 131:1 (cf. Biblical Aramaic Dn 7:8, 11, 20; also Rev 13:5).

10. †as subst. neut. greatness of arm Ex 15:16; cf. גָּבֹהַּ 4.

† גְּדוּלָּה n.f. greatness—2 S 7:21 + 3 times; גְּדֻלָּה 1 Ch 29:11; cstr. גְּדֻלַּת Est 10:2; sf. גְּדוּלָּתוֹ Est 1:4; גְּדֻלָּתוֹ ψ 145:3; גְּדֻלָּתִי ψ 71:21; גְדֻלָּו֯תְךָ ψ 145:6; pl. intens. גְּדֻלּוֹת 1 Ch 17:19, 21;—chiefly late Heb.

a. of Psalmist ψ 71:21, Mordecai Est 6:3; 10:2, king Est 1:4;

b. of God’s greatness, as an attribute 1 Ch 29:11 ψ 145:3, 6, or of his acts 2 S 7:21 (cf. Dr) v 23 = 1 Ch 17:19^(×2), 21.

† הַגְּדוֹלִים n.pr.m. father of Zabdiel Ne 11:14 (RV & so most; but 𝔊 RVm al. the great).

† גִּדֵּל n.pr.m. (very great)—

1. head of one of the families of Nethinim Ezr 2:47 Ne 7:49.

2. head of one of the families of Solomon’s servants Ezr 2:56 Ne 7:58.

† גְּדַלְיָה n.pr.m. (Yah is great)—

1. governor of Judea appointed by Nebuchadnezzar Je 40:5, 8; 41:16.

2. son of Amariah, a son of Hezekiah Zp 1:1.

3. priest of the sons of Jeshua Ezr 10:18.

גְּדַלְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (Yah(u) is great)—

1. governor of Judea = גדליה 2 K 25:22–25 Je 39:14; 40:6–16; 41:1–18; 43:6 (24 times)

2. son of Pashur, one of the chiefs of Jerusalem in the time of Jeremiah Je 38:1.

3. one of the sons of Jeduthun, in the time of David 1 Ch 25:3, 9.

† גִּדַּ֫לְתִּי n.pr.m. (I magnify (God)) son of Heman 1 Ch 25:4 (cf. on this remarkable list of names Ew^{§ 274b} We RS^{OTJC 422; 2nd ed. 143}) v 29.

† יִגְדַּלְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (Yah(u) is great) a prophet of the age of Josiah Je 35:4.

† מִגְדָּל n.m. tower, Gn 11:5 + 11 times; cstr. מִגְדַּל Ju 8:17 + 21 times; pl. מִגְדָּלִים 2 Ch 26:9 + 6 times; מִגְדָּלֶיהָ ψ 48:13 Ez 26:4; pl.f. מִגְדָּלוֹת 2 Ch 32:5 + 2 times; cstr. מִגְדְּלוֹת Ct 5:13 (?); sf. מִגְדְּלֹתַיִךְEz 26:9; 27:11;—

1. tower Gn 11:4, 5 Ju 8:9; 9:51^(×2), 52^(×2) 2 K 9:17; 17:9; 18:8 1 Ch 27:25 2 Ch 14:6; 26:9, 10, 15; 27:4; 32:5 Ne 3:25, 26, 27 Is 2:15; 30:25; 33:18 Ez 26:4, 9; 27:11 ψ 48:13, watch-tower in vineyard Is 5:2; fig. of God as refuge ψ 61:4 Pr 18:10; beautiful neck like tower of David Ct 4:4; an ivory tower 7:5; breasts 8:10. (Cf. MI²² מגדלתה, Sab. (more precisely Liḥyân) מגדלנהן, Eut, v. DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 4, 1.5}). Special towers mentioned on Lebanon Ct 7:5, Penuel Ju 8:17, Shechem Ju 9:46, 47, 49; and at Jerusalem, the tower of David Ct 4:4 (the arsenal), מֵאָה Ne 3:1, חֲנַנְאֵל Ne 3:1; 12:39^(×2) Je 31:38 Zc 14:10, תַּנּוּרִים Ne 3:11; 12:38 (tower of the furnaces).

2. elevated stage, pulpit of wood Ne 8:4.

3. raised bed ‖ עֲרוּגָה Ct 5:13 (but 𝔊 𝔙 Hi read מְגַדְּלוֹת).

† מִגְדַּל־אֵל n.pr. (tower of God) stronghold in Naphtali Jos 19:38 prob. = Μαγδαλά Matt 15:39 = Mejdel in the plain of Gennesareth Rob^{BR iii. 298} Bd^{Pal. 257}.

† מִגְדַּל־גַּד n.pr. (tower of Gad) stronghold in Judah Jos 15:37;—cf. Magdala, Lag^{Onom. 139, 12, 2nd ed. 171}; possibly Mejdel, eastward of Askalon, Guérin ^{Judée ii. 130 f.} cf. Bd^{Pal. 162}.

† מִגְדַּל־עֵ֫דֶר n.pr. (flock-tower) shepherd’s watch-tower near Bethlehem Gn 35:21 Mi 4:8.

† מִגְדּוֹל n.m. tower, 2 S 22:51 Qr (Kt מגדיל = ψ 18:51 מַגְדִּל).

† מִגְדֹּל n.pr. (מִגְדּוֹל only Je 46:14) fortified city on the NE. border of Egypt Ex 14:2 Nu 33:7 Je 44:1; 46:14 Ez 29:10; 30:6; Copt. meschtôl (Champoll.^{L’Égypte sous les Pharaons ii. 79}), Egyptian makƟel Eb^{GS 522}.

† גָּדַע vb. hew, hew down or off (NH id. (rare), Aramaic גְּדַע Ithp.; Arabic جَدَعَ cut off hand or other member, mutilate)—

Qal Pf. גָּדַע La 2:3; וְגָדַעְתִּ֫י 1 S 2:31; Impf. וָאֶגְדַּע Zc 11:10, 14; Pt. pass. גְּדוּעָה Is 15:2 (so many edd. but) Baer גְּרוּעָה; cf. infr., גְּדֻעִים Is 10:33;—hew, cut in two, a staff Zc 11:10, 14; metaph. hew off, an arm 1 S 2:31; horns La 2:3; hew down, trees Is 10:33; if in Is 15:2 then = shave off (object זקן, beard), but no other indication of this meaning, and true MT גְּרוּעָה, cf. Baer’s note & Je 48:37; v. גרע.

Niph. Pf. נִגְדַּע Ju 21:6, נֶגְדַּע Je 50:23; 3 fs. נִגְדְּעָה Je 48:25, וְנִגְדְּעָה consec. Is 22:25; 2 ms. נִגְדַּעְתָּ Is 14:12; 3 pl. וְנִגְדְּעוּ consec. Ez 6:6 Am 3:14;—be hewn off, of altarhorns Am 3:14, of idols Ez 6:6 (‖ נשׁבר); of severance of a tribe from nation Ju 21:6; fig. of king of Babylon Is 14:12; of Babylon as hammer Je 50:23 (‖ נשׁבר); of a minister, under fig. of secure per or pin Is 22:25; of horn of Moab Je 48:25 (‖ נשׁבר).

Pi. Pf. גִּדַּע 2 Ch 34:7, גִּדֵּ֑עַ 2 Ch 34:4 ψ 107:16, וַיְגַדַּע 2 Ch 14:2, אֲגַדֵּ֑ע ψ 75:11 Is 45:2, וַיְגַדְּעוּ 2 Ch 31:1; 3 mpl. תְּגַדֵּע֑וּן Dt 7:5; 12:3;—hew off, down, in two (cf. Qal) of Asherîm Dt 7:5 2 Ch 14:2; 31:1, of idols Dt 12:3 (פְּסִילִים) 2 Ch 34:4, 7 (חַמָּנִים); fig. horns of wicked ψ 75:11; bars of iron (i.e. of Babylon’s gates) Is 45:2, cf. ψ 107:16.

†Pu. Pf. גֻּדָּ֑עוּ Is 9:9 be hewn down (of trees).

גִּדְעוֹן n.pr.m. judge of Israel Ju 6:11, 13, 19 + 36 times Ju 6–8;—called also יְרֻבַּעַל (q.v.) Ju 6:32; 7:1 etc., & יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת (q.v.) 2 S 11:21.

† גִּדְעֹנִי n.pr.m. a Benjamite Nu 1:11; 2:22; 7:60, 65; גִּדְעוֹנִי 10:24 (always אֲבִידָן בֶּן־גּ׳).

† גִּדְעֹם n.pr.loc. marking limit of pursuit of Benjamites by rest of Israel Ju 20:45.

† [גָּדַף] vb. only

Pi. revile, blaspheme (NH גָּדַף cut, wound, then (especially Pi.) revile; Arabic جَدَفَ cut, cut off, ii. deny a favour, be ungrateful, etc.; Aramaic Pa. גַּדֵּף, ܓܰܕܶܦ, revile)—Pf. 2 ms. וְגִדַּפְתָּ 2 K 19:22 = Is 37:23; 3 pl. גִּדְּפוּ 2 K 19:6 = Is 37:6; Pt. מְגַדֵּף Nu 15:30 ψ 44:17;— 1. revile, between man and man, (abs.) קוֹל מְחָרֵף וּמְגַדֵּף ψ 44:17 the voice of (him that) reproacheth and revileth. 2. blaspheme, sq. acc. י׳ Nu 15:30 (P); 2 K 19:22 = Is 37:23 (‖ חֵרֵף; obj. אֶת־מִי, ref. to י׳ as above); 2 acc. Ez 20:27; הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר ג׳ נַעֲרֵי מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר אֹתִי … 2 K 19:6 = Is 37:6 the words with which the servants of the king of Assyria blaspheme me.

† גְּדוּפָה n.f. taunt, only Ez 5:15 וְהָֽיְתָה חֶרְפָּה וּג׳ מוּסָר וּמְשַׁמָּה לַגּוֹיִם and she shall become a reproach and a taunt, an admonition and an astonishment, to the nations.

† גִּדּוּפִים n.m.pl. revilings, reviling words—ג׳ Is 43:28; cstr. גִּדֻּפֵי Zp 2:8; sf. גִּדֻּפֹתָם Is 51:7 between men, Is 43:28 (‖ חֵרֶם); 51:7 Zp 2:8 (both ‖ חֶרְפָּה).

† גָּדַר vb. wall up or off, build a wall (denom.? NH id. Arabic جَدَرَ and v. גָּדֵר infr.)—

Qal Pf. גָּדַר Jb 19:8 + 2 times, וְגָדַרְתִּ֫י Ho 2:8 Am 9:11; Impf. 2 mpl. וַתִּגְדְּרוּ Ez 13:5; Pt. גֹּדֵר Is 58:12 Ez 22:30; pl. גֹּדְרִים 2 K 12:13; 22:6;—wall up, shut off, lit. only Pt., abs. = masons (wall-builders) 2 K 12:13; 22:6; also Is 58:12 (obj. פֶּרֶץ); fig. of Yahweh’s dealings with men, obj. אֹרַח Jb 19:8, דֶּרֶך La 3:9; cf. Ho 2:8 (acc. cogn. גָּדֵר), in all = obstructing path of life, cf. also La 3:7 (c. בַּעֲדִי); of restoring fallen booth of David Am 9:11 (obj. פרצים); of repairing fortunes of Israel, a work neglected by prophets Ez 13:5, and by all in power 22:30 (both c. acc. cogn.)

† גָּדֵר n.m. Ez 42:7 wall (NH גָּדֵר, Aramaic גָּדֵירָא, גְּדֵירָא, Arabic جَدْرٌ, جِدْرٌ, and more commonly جِدَارٌ enclosing-wall cf. Heb. גְּדוֹר infr.) —abs. גָּדֵר Nu 22:24^(×2) + 5 times + ψ 62:4 (read גדרה cf. infr.) + Ez 13:5 (Co גדרת cf. infr.); cstr. גֶּ֫דֶר Pr 24:31 Ez 42:10 (Co del.); sf. גְּדֵרוֹ Is 5:5, גְּדֵרָהּ Ho 2:8 (cf. Baer, note); pl. sf. גְּדֵרַיִךְ Mi 7:11, גְּדֵרֶיהָ ψ 80:13;—wall, fence, bordering a road Nu 22:24^(×2) cf. Ec 10:8; connected with Ezekiel’s temple Ez 42:7; city wall Mi 7:11 cf. Ezr 9:9; fig. of Yahweh’s vineyard Is 5:5 ψ 80:13; of fortunes of Isreal Ez 22:30; so also Ez 13:5 (Co גְּדֶרֶת cf. גְּדֵרָה); of hindrance in path of Israel (fig. as woman) Ho 2:8; of man beset by enemies ψ 62:4 (ג׳ הַדְּחוּיָה, but read גְּדֵרָה ד׳ Ol De etc.)

† גֶּ֫דֶר n.pr.loc. Canaanitish city Jos 12:13. Γαδερ A & 𝔊L also Euseb Lag^{Onom.244 2nd ed. 254} = גָּדֵר? Lag^{BN 76}; cf. גְּדֵרִי infr.; possibly = בֵּית גָּדֵר 1 Ch 2:51 (v. p. 111).

† I. גְּדֵרָה, גְּדֶ֫רֶת n.f. wall—גְּדֵרָה 1 Ch 4:23 + ψ 62:4 (MT גָּדֵר q.v.), גְּדֶרֶת Ez 13:5 (Co, cf. 𝔊; MT גָּדֵר) 42:12 (del. Co); pl. גְּדֵרוֹת Na 3:17 + 2 times, גְּדֵרֹת Nu 32:24; cstr. גִּדְרוֹת Nu 32:26 + 2 times, גִּדְרֹת Nu 32:16; sf. גְּדֵרֹתָיו ψ 89:41;—wall, hedge 1 Ch 4:23 (or is this n.pr.loc.? cf. Öt) Na 3:17 (where grasshoppers alight), Je 49:3; wall, connected with Ezekiel’s temple Ez 42:12 (del. Co); defences ψ 89:41; elsewhere ג׳ צאן sheep-folds Nu 32:16, 36 1 S 24:4 Zp 2:6 cf. Nu 32:24; Ez 13:5 Co גְּדֶרֶת after 𝔊; ψ 62:4 MT גדר הדחויה, read גדרה ד׳ cf. גָּדֵר.

† גְּדֵרָתִי adj.gent. of ii. גְּדֵרָה; הַגְּדֵרָתִי 1 Ch 12:4.

† II. גְּדֵרָה n.pr.loc. a city of Judah הַגְּדֵרָה Jos 15:36; 𝔊 Γαδηρα, 𝔊L Γαδιρα;? cf. Γεδουρ Lag^{Onom. 245, 2nd ed. 254}.

† גְּדֵרוֹת n.pr.loc. in Judah Jos 15:41; הַגְּ׳ 2 Ch 28:18.

† גְּדֵרֹתָ֑יִם n.pr.loc. in Judah Jos 15:36; perhaps del., so 𝔊; whole number too large, cf. Di.

† גְּדֵרִי adj.gent. of גֶּ֫דֶר (q.v.) so Lag^{BN 77}; cf. MV al.; others גְּדֵרָה; but 𝔊 Γεδωρειτης, 𝔊L Γεδδωριτης;—הַגְּדֵרִי 1 Ch 27:28.

† גְּדוֹר, גְּדֹר n.pr. (Arabic جِدَارٌ wall);—

1. n.pr.loc. city of Judah גְּדוֹר Jos 15:58; also as n.pr.m., under fig. of genealogy גְּדֹר son of Penuel 1 Ch 4:4, גְּדוֹר son of Yered 1 Ch 4:18; also הַגְּדוֹר 1 Ch 12:7 v. d. H. הַגְּדוּד Baer, cf. his note.

2. n.pr.loc. גְּדֹר 1 Ch 4:39, but read Gerar, according to 𝔊 Ew Hi Be al.

3. n.pr.m. גְּדוֹר 1 Ch 8:31; 9:37 a Benjamite, of Gibeon.

גדשׁ (NH גָּדַשׁ, Aramaic גְּדַשׁ, heap up; cf. also Arabic كَدَسَ ).

† I. גָּדִישׁ n.m. ^{Jb 5:26} heap, stack (NH id., Aramaic id.)—גָּדִישׁ Ex 22:5 + 3 times;—stack of sheaves Ex 22:5 Ju 15:5 (‖ קָמָה in both) Jb 5:26.

II. גּדשׁ (= جدث; exact meaning unknown).

† II. גָּדִישׁ n.[m.] tomb (Arabic جَدَثٌ id.) Jb 21:32; Dr^{§ 178, ed. 3, p. 229} suggests reading גֶּדֶשׁ.

† גֵּה Ez 47:13, read זֶה 𝔊 𝔗 𝔙 & all moderns.

† [גָּהָה] vb. depart, i.e. be cured, healed (subj. wound) (cf. Aramaic ܓܗܳܐ be freed (from guilt, pain, disease, etc.), Aph. set free, also become free)

Qal Impf. ולא־יִגְהֶה מִכֶּם מָזוֹר Ho 5:13.

† גֵּהָה n.f. healing, cure—גֵּהָ֑ה Pr 17:22 לֵב שָׂמֵחַ יֵיטִיב ג׳ cf. Now.

† [גָּהַר] vb. bend, crouch (so Vrss)—

Qal Impf. וַיִּגְהַר 1 K 18:42 sq. אַרְצָה Elijah, with face between knees; 2 K 4:34, 35 Elisha, over dead boy, sq. עליו (‖ וישׁכב v 34, cf. שׁכב).

גַּו, גֵּו v. sub גוה.

גּוֹב, גּוֹבַי v. sub גבה.

† [גּוּב] vb. dig (cf. Arabic جَابَ pierce, bore, hollow out)—

Qal Pt. גָּבִים diggers or ploughmen 2 K 25:12 Kt; but cf. Qr יֹגְבִים as Je 52:16 (v. יגב) and v. גֵּב infr.

† II. [גֵּב] n.[m.] pit, ditch, trench (Arabic جَوْبَةٌ hollow, depression; Syriac ܓܽܘܒܳܐ cistern)—only pl. גֵּבִים Je 14:3; in 2 K 3:16 גבים גבים, i.e. full of ditches; further, cisterns (according to Klo 2 K 25:12) Je 39:10 וִיגֵבִים (read וְגֵבִים) cf. also ‖ 2 K 25:12 (ולגבים Kt, וּלְיוֹגְבִים Qr) = Je 52:16 (וּלְיֹגְבִים; both c. כֹּרְמִים); Klo proposes to emend these, so as to read in all וַיִּתֵּן לָהֶם כְּרָמִים וְגֵבִים and gave to them vineyards and cisterns; another view in Th; cf. further גוב, יגב.—i. גֵּב v. sub גבה.

† גּבִים n.pr.loc. (trenches) N. from Jerusalem, c. art. הַגּ׳ Is 10:31; site unknown.

† III. [גֵּב] n.[m.] beam, rafter? (Thes sub גוב, but meaning & √ dub.), גֵּבִים 1 K 6:9; but Lag^{Armen. Stud. § 499, M i.212; BN 155} reads גֻּבְּדִים (Pers. گنبد, Armen. γμβεθ) vaulted roofs.

† גּוֹג n.pr.m. (√ unknown)—

1. 1 Ch 5:4 a Reubenite.

2. Gog of the land of Magog, prince of Rosh, Meshek, and Tubal, גּוֹג אֶרֶץ מָגוֹג נְשִׂיא רֹאשׁ מֶשֶׁךְ וְתֻבָ֑ל Ez 38:2, 3 (om. א׳ מָגוֹג) 39:1 (om. id.) cf. 38:14, 16 (del. 𝔊 𝔖 Co) v 18; 39:1, 11^(×3) (גֵּיא הֲמוֹן ג׳) v 15 (id.); cf. Assyrian Gâgu, chief of a mountain tribe N. of Assyria Dl^{Pa 247} COT on Ez 38:2.

† מָגוֹג n.pr.terr. (= land of Gog? cf. Dl^{Pa 246} Len^{Or. ii. 1, 465})—Ez 38:2; 39:6; in Gn 10:2 = 1 Ch 1:5 a son of Japhet, בְּנֵי יֶפֶת גֹּמֶר וּמָגוֹג וּמָדַי וְיָוָן וְתֻבָ֑ל וּמֶשֶׁךְ וְתִירָס; = Scythians? cf. Jos^{Ant. i, 6, 1}; Lag^{Ges Abh. 158} refers name to mountainous region between Cappadocia and Media; cf. Di Gn 10:2, Kiep^{MBAk Feb. 1889, 207} (N. & E. Armenia), Len (SE. Armenia), v. especially Len^{Or. ii. 1, 412–476}.

† [גּוּד] vb. invade, attack (cf. גדד, whence יָגֻד etc. actually derived by Ki Bö Kö^{i 356} q.v.; SS, perhaps better, denom. from גדוד)—

Qal Impf. יָגֻד Gn 49:19, יְגוּדֶ֑נּוּ v 19, יְגֻדֶ֑נּוּ Hb 3:16; יגודו ψ 94:21 Kt (v. גדד);—attack Gn 49:19, allit. c. גָּד n.pr. & גְּדוּד, גָּד גְּדוּד יְגוּדֶ֑נּוּ וְהוּא יָגֻד עָקֵֽב׃ Gad, a troop shall troop upon him, but he shall troop upon the heel (i.e. pursue them in their retreat) VB; Hb 3:16 לַעֲלוֹת לְעַם יְגֻדֶ֑נּוּ cf. VB & Comm.

I. גֵּוָה v. sub גאה.

גוה (project, be convex?).

† [גַּו] n.[m.] back—only sf. גַּוֶּ֑ךָ 1 K 14:9, גַּוֵּ֑ךְ Ez 23:35, גַּוָּם Ne 9:26;—always הִשְׁלִיךְ אַחֲרֵי ג׳ cast behind the back, i.e. put out of mind, ignore, reject י׳ 1 K 14:9 Ez 23:35, and his law Ne 9:26.

† I. גֵּו n.[m.] back—גֵּו abs. not found, cstr. Pr 10:13 + 2 times, sf. גֵּוִי Is 50:6, גֵּוְךָ Is 38:17, גֵּוֵךְ 51:23;—back, as beaten, lashed Pr 10:13; 19:29; 26:3 cf. Is 50:6; in phr. הִשְׁלִיךְ אַחֲרֵי ג׳ (as גַּו) Is 38:17, of Yahweh’s casting sins of penitent behind his back, putting them out of mind; as trodden upon Is 51:23, fig. of extreme humiliation.

† II. גֵּו n.[m.] midst, Aramaism (cf. Aramaic גֵּו גְּוָּא middle, NH גֵּו midst, interior; ܓܰܘ id., belly, Arabic جَوٌّ midst) Jb 30:5 מִן־גֵּו יְגֹרָ֑שׁוּ from the mindst (of men) they are driven; Rosenmüller al. comp. Cicero ^{Off. iii. 8}: e medio pelluntur.

† II. גֵּוָה n.f. back—(so also Di Hoffm SS; 𝔊 Thes De AV RV body = גְּוִיָּה, cf. Ba^{ZMG 1887, 605}) Jb 20:25 וַיֵּצֵא מִגֵּוָה it comes out from the back (of arrow which has struck a fugitive, and is then extracted; Hoffm reads מִגֵּוֹה).—i. גֵּוָה sub גאה.

† גְּוִיָּה n.f. body, corpse—abs. ג׳ Na 3:3; cstr. גְּוִיַּת Ju 14:8 + 2 times; sf. גְּוִיָּתוֹ 1 S 31:10 Dn 10:6, גְּוִיָּתֵנוּ Gn 47:18, גְּוִיָּתָם Na 3:3; pl. abs. גְּוִיּוֹת ψ 110:6; sf. גְּוִיֹּתֵנוּ Ne 9:37, גְּוִיֹּתֵיהֶם Ez 1:23, גְּוִיֹּתֵיהֶ֑נָה v 11;—

1. living human body Gn 47:18 (sg., of many persons) cf. pl. Ne 9:37; of man in Daniel’s vision Dn 10:6 (body apart from extremities); also of the living creatures in Ezek.’s vision Ez 1:11, 23.

2. dead body, corpse, carcass: a. of man 1 S 31:10 (so orig. in ‖ 1 Ch 10:10 v. We^Sm cf. Dr) v 12^(×2) (sg. of several persons), ψ 110:6; coll. Na 3:3^(×2); b. of lion Ju 14:8, 9.

גּוֹי₅₆₁ n.m. Gn 12:2 nation, people (NH id. Gentiles, Ph. גו community, ܓܰܘܳܐ, Sab. גו id., DHM^{ZMG 1883, 348})—ג׳ Gn 12:2 + 121 times; sf. i s. גּוֹיִ Zp 2:9, גּוֹיֶ֑ךָ ψ 106:5, גּוֹיֵךְ Kt Ez 36:13, 14, 15 (Qr wrongly גּוֹיַיִךְ cf. Co, who del. v 15); pl. גּוֹיִם Gn 10:5 + 410 times + Qr Gn 25:23 ψ 79:10 (Kt גיים) + 6 times Ez (var. emend. Co); cstr. גּוֹיֵי Gn 18:18 + 8 times, גּוֹיֵ 2 Ch 32:13 Ezr 6:21 (cf. Baer’s notes); sf. גּוֹיֵהֶם Gn 10:5, 20, 31, 32;—

1. nation, people Gn 10:5^(×2), 20, 31, 32^(×2) (all P) +; Is 2:2, 4^(×2) = Mi 4:2, 3^(×2); †Jb 12:23^(×2); 34:29†; Pr 14:34; כֹּל גּוֹיֵי הָאָרֶץ Gn 18:18; 22:18; 26:4 (all J) Dt 28:1. a. specif. of descendants of Abraham, גּוֹי גָּדוֹל Gn 12:2 cf. 18:18 (both J), גּוֹיִם 17:6, הֲמוֹן גּוֹיִם 17:4, 5 (all P); of Sarah גּוֹיִם 17:16 (P); of Ishmael גּוֹי 21:13, גּוֹי גָּדוֹל v 18 (both E), גּוֹי גָּדוֹל 17:20 (P); of Jacob גּוֹי וּקְהַל גּוֹיִם Gn 35:11 (P), גּוֹי גָּדוֹל 46:3 (E); of Ephraim מְלֹא הַגּ׳ 48:19 (J); of Moses גּוֹי גָּדוֹל Ex 32:10 (J) cf. Nu 14:12 (J) Dt 9:14; of Jacob and Esau as two nations Gn 25:23 (J). b. definitely of Israel Ex 19:6 (גּ׳ קָדוֹשׁ) 33:13 (both JE), Dt 4:6 (הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה, said by heathen cf. v 7, 8) v. also v 34, 26:5 cf. ψ 33:12, ψ 83:5 (said by enemies) Je 31:36; 33:24 Ez 27:22; in narrative Jos 3:17; 4:1; 5:8 (JE), v 6 (D), 10:13 (poet., no art.); of Israel and Judah as two nations Ez 35:10 (said by heathen) 37:22; of Judah Is 26:2, 15^(×2) cf. 58:2; 60:22 Mi 4:7; once my people Zp 2:9 (‖ עַם); thy people ψ 106:5 (i.e. of י׳), cf. also Ez 36:13, 14 (read Kt); especially of Israel and (or) Judah as sinful, rebellious Dt 32:28 Ju 2:20 Is 1:4; 10:6 Je 5:9, 29; 7:28; 9:8; 12:17 Ez 2:3 (del. 𝔊 Co) Hg 2:14 Mal 3:9.—Note. This definite ref. to Israel and (or) Judah is comparatively rare; in Hex not P (yet v. Gn 17:4, 5, 6, 16; 35:11 P); seldom in exile & post-exile proph.; not Chr.— c. usually of non-Heb. peoples Ex 9:24; 34:10 (JE) Lv 25:44 (H) Nu 14:15 (J) Dt 15:6^(×2) 1 K 5:11 1 Ch 14:17; 16:20 Is 11:10, 12 + often; opp. Israel as עם י׳ 2 S 7:23 1 Ch 17:21^(×2) ect., v. עם, cf. also Nu 23:9; note especially גְּלִיל הַגּוֹיִם Is 8:23 circle or district of the nations (v. גָּלִיל); also חֲרֹשֶׁת הַגּ׳ Ju 4:2, 13, 16 Charosheth of the nations, & מֶלֶךְ גּוֹיִם לְגִלְגָּ֖ל Jos 12:23 king of nations (peoples, tribes) belonging to Gilgal (𝔊 Di to the district, i.e. ‘Galilee’); especially of these peoples as heathen: idolatrous Lv 8:24, 28 (P) 20:23 (H) 1 K 14:24 2 K 17:8, 11, 15, 26, 29^(×2) 2 Ch 28:3; 32:13 +, Ezr 6:21 Ez 5:6 +; hostile Gn 15:14 (J) Lv 26:33; 38, 45 (H) Dt 4:27; 9:4, 5; 18:9 1 Ch 16:35 Je 5:15 Ez 4:13 + often Je Ez, etc.; in simile Ez 20:32; 25:8; sometimes ‖ עַם ψ 33:10, 12 Is 11:10 Je 6:18, v. also Is 2:2, 4 comp. with Mi 4:1, 3.

2. fig. of swarm of locusts Jo 1:6; of all species of beasts Zp 2:14.

3. גּוֹיִם Gn 14:1, 9 prob. mutilated n.pr. v. infr.

† I. [גּוּז] vb. pass over, away (Arabic جَازَ pass by, over; Aramaic גּוּז cross, ܓܳܙ pass away, fail)—

Qal Pf. גָּז ψ 90:10; Impf. וַיָּ֫גָז Nu 11:31;—pass away, of the life of the aged, ψ 90:10 גָּז חִישׁ; trans. bring over, subj. wind, obj. quails from sea, Nu 11:31 (read perhaps Hiph. וַיָּגֶז cf. Kö^{i 442} Di).

† גּוֹזָן n.pr.loc. (Assyrian Guzana COT 2 K 17:6 Dl^{Pa 184}) city and district of Mesopotamia, on or near the middle course of the Euphrates, through which the river Chabur (חָבוֹר) flowed; thither some of the exiled Israelites were brought [by Sargon, b.c. 722–21]: גּוֹזָן 2 K 19:12=Is 37:12; חָבוֹר נְהַר גּוֹזָן 2 K 17:6; 18:11; וְחָבוֹר וְהָרָא וּנְהַר גּוֹזָן 1 Ch 5:26 where Chabur is separated entirely from the river of Gozan (v. חבור).

גוח v. גיח.

גּוֹי v. sub גוה.

גְּוִיָּה v. sub גוה.

† גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Gn 14:1, 9, in phr. תִּדְעָל מֶלֶךְ גּוֹיִם Tidʿal king of Goim; prob. a Babylonian (Elamitic, etc.) name corrupted; H. Rawlinson proposes Gutî, a people NE. of Babylonia, COT on Gn 14:1; also KGF ^{258 al.}; cf. also Dl^{Pa 233 f.}

גול v. גיל.

† גּוֹלָן n.pr.loc. (? connected with √ גול, Arabic جَالَ go about, around; جَوْلٌ circuit; cf. Ph. גול n.pr. insul.; also גָּלִיל, גְּלִילָה) city of Manasseh in Bashan, named as a city of refuge Dt 4:43 cf. Jos 20:8; 21:27 both Qr (Kt גלון); given to sons of Gershom son of Levi according to 1 Ch 6:56; Euseb. knew it as a very large village Γαυλὼν ἢ Γωλάν Lag^{Onom. 242, 2nd ed. 253}; district of same name ib., Josephus^{Ant. viii, 2, 3 etc.} Gaulanitis, mod. Jaulân Rob^{BR ii, 432} Bd^{Pal. 270} Schumacher^{ZPV 1886 = Jaulân 1888}, according to most, name applied first to city, thence to district, but perhaps otherwise if above deriv. be correct.

גּון (meaning dub., cf. perhaps Aramaic גַּוֵּן tinye ܓܘܰܢ, ܓܘܽܢ; Arabic جَوْنٌ reddish black, cf. Hommel^{Säugethiere 64}).

† גּוּנִי n.pr.m.

1. a Naphtalite Gn 46:24 Nu 26:48 1 Ch 7:13.

2. 1 Ch 5:15 a Gadite.

† גּוּנִי adj.gent. of foregoing 1.; c. art. as n. coll. הַגּוּנִי Nu 26:48; also of individ. 2 S 23:32 according to 𝔊L (Ιεσσαι ὁ Γουνι) Klo Dr; read יָשֵׁן הַגּוּנִי; also 1 Ch 11:34 where read id. for השׁם הגזוני (𝔊L Εἰρασαι ὁ Γουνι).

† גָּוַע vb. expire, perish, die (cf. Arabic جَاعَ be empty, hungry)—

Qal Pf. גָּוַע Nu 20:29 Jos 22:20, גָּוָ֑עוּ La 1:19, גָּוַעְנוּ Nu 17:27; 20:3; Impf. יִגְוַע Jb 34:15, יִגְוָ֑ע Gn 6:17, יִגְוְעוּ Jb 36:12, יִגְוָ֑עוּ Zc 13:8, יִגְוָע֑וּן ψ 104:29 etc.; Inf. cstr. גְּוַע Nu 20:3, גְּוֹעַ Nu 17:28; Pt. גֹּוֵעַ ψ 88:16;—expire and die, only P & poet.; נ׳ וימת Gn 25:8, 17; 35:29 (all P); ‖ מות Jb 3:11; 14:10 cf. Nu 17:28 (P); ‖ אבד Nu 17:27 we expire, we perish (P); ‖ עָנִי ψ 88:16 (progressive parall.) distressed and about to die; ‖ יאסף אל אבותיו Gn 49:33; ‖ על־עפר ישׁוב Jb 34:15 cf. ψ 104:29; ‖ יִכָּֽרְתוּ Zc 13:8; abs. both prose and (especially) poetry Nu 20:3^(×2), 29 Jos 22:20 Gn 6:17; 7:21 (all P) Jb 10:18; 13:19; 27:5; 36:12 La 1:19; Jb 29:18 עִם־קִנִּי אגוע with my nest shall I die, i.e. in full possession of what is mine, cf. Di.

† [גּוּף] vb. shut, close (NH id., v. NHWB ^{i. 314, 352})—

Hiph. Impf. juss. יָגִ֫יפוּ Ne 7:3 close (doors, דלתות).

† [גּוּפָה] n.f. body, corpse (late; NH גּוּף, Aramaic גּוּפָא; Arabic جِيفَةٌ )—cstr. sg. גּוּפַת 1 Ch 10:12; cstr. pl. גּוּפֹת 1 Ch 10:12, cf. Be (‖ 1 S 31:12 has גְּוִיָּה).

† I. גּוּר vb. sojourn (cf. Arabic جَارَ turn aside, tarry; v. especially iii. iv. viii. x; Aramaic ܓܳܪ, Ethiopic in der.)—

Qal Pf. גָּר Gn 35:27 + 3 times, וְגָר consec. Is 11:6; גַּרְתָּה Gn 21:23; גַּרְתִּי Gn 32:5 ψ 120:5; גָּרוּ Ex 6:4; Impf. יָגוּר Ex 12:48 + 12 times, וַיָּ֫גָר Gn 20:1 + 2 times, sf. יְגֻרְךָ ψ 5:5; 3 fs. וַתָּ֫גָר 2 K 8:2; 2 fs. תָּגוּרִי 2 K 8:1; cohort. אָגוּ֑רָה ψ 61:5, יָגוּרוּ Is 16:4; Imv. גּוּר Gn 26:3, גּוּ֫רִי 2 K 8:1; Inf. cstr. גּוּר Gn 12:10 + 17 times; Pt. גָּר Dt 18:6 Ju 17:7 + 17 times; f. cstr. גָּרַת Ex 3:22; pl. גָּרִים Lv 25:6 + 8 times; cstr. גָּרֵי Jb 19:15;— 1. sojourn, dwell for a (definite or indef.) time, dwell as a new-comer (cf. גֵּר) without original rights, v. especially Gn 19:9 (J) Dt 18:6 & cf. Ju 17:7, 8, 9; 19:1; also Gn 12:10; 20:1; 21:23, 24; 32:5; 47:4 (all JE); of patriarchs in Canaan Gn 26:3 (J) 35:27 Ex 6:4 (both P) cf. ψ 105:12 = 1 Ch 16:19, Ju 19:16 2 S 4:3 2 K 8:1^(×2), 2 (seven years) Is 16:4 Ru 1:1 Ezr 1:4 (in exile); cf. further Ex 3:22 (E) גָּרַת בַּיִת of a woman in another’s house as lodger or guest (v. Di), גָּרֵי בַיִת Jb 19:15; so (poet.) of worshipper in Yahweh’s house ψ 15:1; 61:5 cf. Is 33:14^(×2); fig. of evil לֹא יְגֻֽרְךָ רָ֑ע ψ 5:5 evil cannot be a guest of thine (Che; sq. acc., as in Arabic جاوره iii); particularly of the גֵּר (q.v.) in Israel Ex 12:48, 49 Lv 16:29 (all P) 17:8, 10, 12, 13; 18:26; 19:33, 34; 20:2; 25:6, 45 (all H) Nu 9:14; 15:14, 15, 16, 26, 29; 19:10 Jos 20:9 (all P) Ez 14:7; 47:22, 23; of Ephraim and Manasseh sojourning with Judah and Benjamin 2 Ch 15:9; of Rechabites sojourning in Judah Je 35:7; of Israelites sojourning in Egypt Dt 26:5 Is 52:4 ψ 105:23; so of Judah, to escape from under Babylonian power Je 42:15, 17, 22; 43:2; 44:8, 12, 14, 28. 2. abide, nearly or quite = dwell Je 43:5 cf. La 4:15, Je 49:18, 33; 50:40, also Jb 28:4; of wolf dwelling with lamb Is 11:6; stay (inactive) Ju 5:17;—in Is 5:7 read perhaps, for גָּרִים, גְּדָיִם or כָּרִים cf. 𝔊 Lo Ew Di & Che crit. n. (> Stu גֵּרִים).

Hithpol. Pt. מִתְגּוֹרֵר 1 K 17:20 seek hospitality with, sq. עִם (cf. Arabic x); יִתְגּוֹרָ֖רוּ Ho 7:14 is dub. (cf. II. גור); AE Ki Thes Wü AV RV they assemble themselves, but text prob. error, v. גדד.

† I. גּוּר n.pr.loc. (sojourning, dwelling) 2 K 9:27 מַעֲלֵה־ג׳ אשׁר את־יִבְלְעָם, otherwise unknown.

† גּוּר־בָּ֑֫עַל n.pr.loc. (dwelling or Gûr of Baal) 2 Ch 26:7 הָעֲרָבִי֯ים הַיּשְׁבִים בְּגוּר־בָּ֑עַל.

גֵּר₉₂ n.m. ^{Ex 12:48} sojourner (Arabic جَارٌ, Ethiopic ግዩር, ጎር Aramaic ܓܝܻܘܽܪ, גִּיּוֹר, proselyte, גַּיֵּר proselytize, Ph. גר in n.pr., & pl. גרם)—גֵּר Gn 15:13 + 74 times; sf. גֵּרְךָ Ex 20:10 + 4 times, גֵּרוֹ Dt 1:16; pl. גֵּרִים Ex 22:20 + 9 times, גֵּירִים 2 Ch 2:16;—

1. sojourner, temporary dweller, new-comer (no inherited rights), cf. Ex 12:19 Lv 24:16 Nu 15:30 Jos 8:33 (opp. homeborn); of Abraham at Hebron Gn 23:4 (P; ‖ תּוֹשָׁב); Moses in desert Ex 2:22 (J) 18:3 (E; here explan. of name Gershom, Moses’ son); as claiming hospitality Jb 31:32; perhaps in above cases, and certainly in general, with technical sense; fig. of Yahweh Je 14:8; of Israel in Egypt Gn 15:13 Ex 22:20; 23:9 (all JE) Lv 19:34 (H) Dt 10:19; 23:8; גֵּרִים with Yahweh Lv 25:23 (H) 1 Ch 29:15 ψ 39:13 (in all ‖ תּוֹשָׁב) cf. 119:19.

2. usually of גֵּרִים in Israel 2 S 1:13 (Amalekite) cf. Jos 8:33, 35 (E) 20:9 (P) Is 14:1; dwellers in Israel with certain conceded, not inherited rights (cf. RS^{OTJC 434; 2nd ed. 342. n.; K 42; Sem 75 f.} Sta^{Gesch. i. 400}). The גֵּר is to share in Sabbath rest Ex 20:10; 23:12 (both JE) Dt 5:14; otherwise he is to have like obligations with Israel Ex 12:19, 48, 49 Lv 16:29 (all P) Lv 17:8, 10, 12, 13, 15; 18:26; 20:2; 22:18; 24:16, 22 (all H) Nu 9:14^(×2); 15:14, 15^(×2), 16, 26, 29, 30; 19:10; 35:15 (all P) Ez 14:7; similar rights Dt 1:16 Ez 14:22, 23; and like privileges Dt 16:11, 14; 26:11; 29:10; 31:12 cf. 2 Ch 30:25; very rarely any distinction made, in obligation Lv 25:47^(×3) (H), in permissible food Dt 14:21; in future success Dt 28:43; kindness to גֵּר frequently enjoined: Lv 19:10 (‖ עָנִי), 23:22 (‖ id.) 19:34 (all H); Dt 10:18, 19; 14:29; 24:19, 20, 21; 26:12, 13 (all ‖ יָתוֹם וְאַלְמָנָה); oppression prohibited Lv 19:33 (H) Dt 24:14; Ex 22:20; 23:9^(×2) (JE) Dt 24:17; 27:19 Je 7:6; 22:3 Zc 7:10 (these eight ‖ יָתוֹם וְאַלְמָנָה); obj. of care to י׳ ψ 146:9 (‖ id.); charge that גֵּר has been oppressed Ez 22:7 Mal 3:5 (both ‖ id.); also Ez 22:29 (‖ עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן), ψ 94:6; cf. also command that a poor brother be treated like גֵּר, i.e. kindly, Lv 25:35 (H). Latest conception somewhat different: גֵּר 1 Ch 22:2 2 Ch 2:16 (הַגֵּירִים) gathered for hard service; yet cf. 2 Ch 30:25. (Often c. verb. cogn. Ex 12:48, 49 Lv 16:29; 17:8, 10, 12, 13; 18:26; 19:33; 20:2 Nu 9:14; 15:14, 15, 16, 26, 29; 19:10 Jos 20:9 Ez 14:22, 23; often ‖ תּוֹשָׁב Gn 23:4 Lv 25:23, 35, 47 1 Ch 29:15 ψ 39:13).

† גּרוּת n.f. lodging(-place)—וישׁבו בְּגֵרוּת כִּמְוהָם אשׁר אצל בית לחם Je 41:17, inn, khan? so Ew Gf; Hi al. גִּדְרוֹת flods, after Jos^{Ant. X, ix, 5} Aq

† יָגוּר n.pr.loc. a southern city of Judah, toward Edom Jos 15:21.

† I. [מָגוֹר] n.[m.] sojourning-place, dwelling-place, sojourning—sf. מְגוּרָם ψ 55:16; pl. cstr. מְגוּרֵי Gn 37:1; sf. מְגוּרַי Gn 47:9, מְגוּרָ֑י ψ 119:54, מְגֻרֶיךָ Gn 17:8; 28:4, מְגוּרָיו Jb 18:19, מְגוּרֵיהֶם Gn 36:7 + 2 times, מְגֻרֵיהֶם Ex 6:4;—dwelling-place ψ 55:16 Jb 18:19;—sojourning(-place), always pl., אֶרֶץ מ׳ Gn 17:8; 28:4; 36:7; 37:1 Ex 6:4 (Hex always P) Ez 20:38; sojourning (pl.) = life-time, שְׁנֵי מ׳ Gn 47:9 יְמֵי מ׳ Gn 47:9; cf. בֵּית מ׳ ψ 119:54.

† מְגוּרָה n.f. store-house, granary Hg 2:19.

† מַמְּגֻרוֹת n.f.pl. id., Jo 1:17 (‖ אֹצָרוֹת; but 𝔊 ληνοί, Me גתות).

† II. [גּוּר] vb. stir up strife, quarrel (cf. גרה)—so Ew Che Di RVm (Is 54:15); gather together Ges De Br cf. 𝔗 𝔙, so AV RV;—

Qal Pf. גָּר Is 54:15; Impf. יָגוּר v 15, יָגוּרוּ ψ 56:7; 59:4; 140:3 (on all cf. infr.); Inf. abs. גּוֹר Is 54:15;— 1. stir up strife, abs. גּוֹר יָגוּר Is 54:15; cf. ψ 56:7 (but AE Che read יָגוֹדּוּ attack, v. גדד); sq. עַל־ ψ 59:4 (but Che id.; cf. ψ 94:21, wh. however Ol would emend by 56:7; 59:4); sq. acc. מִלְחָמוֹת ψ 140:3 (Hup Che read יְגָרוּ Pi. Impf. of גרה). 2. quarrel, sq. אֶת־ with Is 54:15. Here also Hithpoʿl. Impf. Ho 7:14 יִתְגּוֹרָ֖רוּ (cf. I. גור), according to Ew, they excite themselves, but unlikely; v. גדד.

† [גּוֹר] n.[m.] whelp (as quarrelsome? or onomatop.? perhaps = Assyrian giru Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 504}) of lion—גּוֹרֵי אֲרָיוֹת Je 51:38 (‖ כְּפִרִים) sim. of Babylonians; cf. גֹּרֹתָיו Na 2:13 (‖ id. v 14) fig. of Assyrians.

† II. גּוּר n.m. ^{Ez 19:3}, 5 whelp, young—cstr. גּוּר(אַרְיֵה) Gn 49:9 + 2 times; sf. גּוּרֶיהָ Ez 19:2, גֻּרֶיהָ Ez 19:3, 5, גּוּרֵיהֶן La 4:3;—

1. lion’s whelps, fig. of Judah Gn 49:9; of Dan Dt 33:22; of Assyrian (prince?) Na 2:12; fig. of Israelites Ez 19:2, 3, 5 (‖ כְּפִיר).

2. young of jackals (תַּנִּין) La 4:3.

† III. [גּוּר] vb. dread (cf. יָגֹר)—

Qal Impf. וַיָּגָר Nu 22:3 1 S 18:15; 2 ms. תָּגוּר Dt 18:22; אָגוּר Dt 32:27; pl. יָגוּרוּ ψ 33:8; Jb 41:17 + Ho 10:5, תָּגוּרוּ Dt 1:17; Imv. גּוּרוּ ψ 22:24 Jb 19:29;— 1. be afraid of, sq. מִפְּנֵי Nu 22:3 Dt 1:17 1 S 18:15, גּוּרוּ לָכֶם מִפְּנֵי Jb 19:29; c. מִן 41:17 Dt 18:22; c. acc. Dt 32:27 (poet.) Ho 10:5 read prob. ינודו lament (‖ אבל, used c. לְ e.g. Na 3:7 Je 15:5 al.; cf. Che). 2. stand in awe of, sq. מִן ψ 22:24; 33:8 (‖ יָרֵא).

† III. מָגוֹר n.m. fear, terror—abs. מ׳ ψ 31:14 + 6 times + Je 20:3 cf. infr.; pl. sf. מְגוּרַי La 2:22;—fear, terror Is 31:9; = cause of terror Je 20:4; elsewhere in phrase, coined by Jerem, מ׳ מִסָּבִיב terror on every side Je 6:25; 20:3 (where as n.pr.), v 10; 46:5; 49:29 ψ 31:14; La 2:22 (מְגוּרַי מִסּ׳).

† [מְגוֹרָה] n.f. fear, terror—cstr. מְגוֹרַת Pr 10:24; pl. sf. מְגוּרוֹתַי ψ 34:5, מְגוּרֹתָם Is 66:4 (on these forms with וּ cf. Ges^{§ 27. 3. R. 1. & 85, 48});—terror (= thing dreaded) ψ 34:5 Pr 10:24; Is 66:4.

[גורן] Je 2:25 גורנך Kt v. גָּרוֹן.

גושׁ (be hard, cf. Arabic جَسَأَ be hard, of hands, from toil).

† גּוּשׁ n.[m.] clod, lump (NH id., Aramaic גּוּשָׁא; cf. Arabic جَسْءٌ etc., rough ground, also ice)—וְגיּשׁ עָפָר Jb 7:5, Qr וְגוּשׁ ע׳.

גֵּז v. sub גזז.

† גִּזְבָּר n.m. treasurer (loan-word; NH id.; cf. Biblical Aramaic [גִּזְבָּר], pl. גִּזְבָּרַיָּא; Syriac ܓܺܙܒܰܪ, ܓܺܙܰܒܪܳܐ, also ܓܰܢܙܘܳܪ, Pers. گنجوار, cf. Lag^{Ges Abh. 27 f., Arm. Stud. § 454}), Ezr 1:8.

† [גָּזָה] vb. cut, (cut off, sever), √ of גָּזִית (cf. Talm. גְּזָא cut off); hence perhaps

Qal Pt. act. sf. גּוֹזִי ψ 71:6 thou art he that severed me from my mother’s womb (De Che; 𝔊 σκεπαστής, De proposes ἐκσπαστής, v. 𝔊 ψ 22:10; 𝔙 protector cf. 𝔊, Thes Ew Hup Pe benefactor, cf. Arabic جَزَا requite, Jerus. Syriac ܓܙܐ, Talm. גְּזָא id.;—text and meaning dub.; ‖ ψ 22:10 has גֹּחִי; v. Che^{crit. n. and OP 476}; Du עֻוִּי.

† גָּזִית n.f. a cutting, hewing—גָּזִית Ex 20:25 + 10 times, always abs.;—hewing, אַבְנֵי ג׳ = hewn stones (building-stones) 1 K 5:31; 1 Ch 22:2; Ez 40:42 (for tables), cf. אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת כְּמִדּוֹת ג׳ 1 K 7:9,11 (but Klo del. as gloss, cf. 𝔊; also without אבני = hewn stones Ex 20:25 (altar) Am 5:11 (בָּֽתֵּי ג׳) Is 9:9 (opp. לְבֵנִים); טוּרֵי ג׳ 1 K 6:36, טוּרִים ג׳ 7:12; also La 3:9 גָּדַר דַּרְכִּי בְּג׳.

גִּזָּה v. sub גזז.

† גִּזוֹנִי adj.gent. 1 Ch 11:34 הָשֵׁם הַגּֽווֹנִי, but read יָשֵׁן הַגּוּנִי (𝔊L Εἰρασαι ὁ Γουνι) cf. גּוּנִי.

† [גָּזַז] vb. shear (NH id., Aramaic גְּזָז, ܓܰܙ; Arabic جَزَّ, Assyrian deriv.)—

Qal Impf. וַיָּ֫גָז Jb 1:20; 2 ms. תָּגֹז Dt 15:19; Imv. 2 fs. גָּזִּ֫י Je 7:29, גֹּ֫זִּי Mi 1:16; Inf. cstr. גְּזֹז Gn 31:19 (E) 1 S 25:2, גֹּז Gn 38:13 (J); Pt.; גֹּזֵז 1 S 25:4; pl. גֹּזֲזִים 1 S 25:7 + 2 times; cstr. גֹּזֲזֵי Gn 38:12; sf. גֹּזֲזָי֑ 1 S 25:11, גֹּזֲזֶיהָ Is 53:7;—shear sheep (obj. צֹאן) Gn 31:19; 38:13; Dt 15:19 1 S 25:2, 4; cf. Pt. shearer (c. צאן) Gn 38:12, also גֹּזֲזֶיהָ (i.e. רָחֵל) Is 53:7; abs. = sheep-shearer, 1 S 25:7, 11 2 S 13:23, 24; obj. man’s head (ראשׁוֹ) Jb 1:20; of a woman’s (fig. of Israel) Mi 1:16 (no obj.; ‖ קרחי), (fig. of Jerusalem) Je 7:29 (obj. נֵזֶר q.v.)

Niph. נָגוֹ֫זּוּ be cut off (= destroyed) of Assyrians Na 1:12.

† גֵּז n.[m.] shearing, mowing (Assyrian gizzu Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 530}, Aramaic גִּיזָּא, ܓܶܙܳܐ fleece)—גֵּז ψ 72:6, also cstr. Dt 18:4 Jb 31:20; pl. cstr. גִּזֵּי Am 7:1;—shearing = thing sheared off, wool, fleece ג׳ צֹאן Dt 18:4, ג׳ כְּבָשַׂי Jb 31:20; mowing Am 7:1 (ג׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ cf. RS^{Semi. 228}); = land to be mown ψ 72:6 (but shearing in both, according to HoffmZAW ^{1883, 116 ff.} SS).

† גִּזָּה n.f. fleece—(Arabicجِزَّةٌ, Aramaic ܓܶܙܬܳܐ ) גִּזָּה Ju 6:37 + 5 times; cstr. גִּזַּת Ju 6:37;—fleece, ג׳ צֶמֶר Ju 6:37; abs. Ju 6:37, 38^(×2), 39^(×2), 40.

† גָּזֵז n.pr.m. son of עֵיפָה, concub. of Caleb 1 Ch 2:46^(×2); v b says that חָרָן son of עיפה (and Caleb?) begat Gazez.

גָּזִית v. sub גזה.

† I. גָּזַל vb. tear away, seize, rob (NH id., Ph. גזל Niph., Aramaic גְּזַל, ܓܠܰܙ & (Nas.) ܓܙܰܠ; Arabic جَزَلَ cut off)—

Qal Pf. גָּזַל Jb 20:19 Ez 18:18, גָּזָ֑ל Lv 5:23 + 2 times, גָּזַלְתִּי ψ 69:5 etc.; Impf. יִגְזֹל Ez 18:7, וַיִּגְזֹל 2 S 23:21 1 Ch 11:23 etc.; Inf. גְּזֹל Is 10:2; Pt. act. גּוֹזֵל Pr 28:24; sf. גֹּזְלוֹ ψ 35:10; pl. cstr. גֹּזְלֵי Mi 3:2; pass. גָּזוּל Dt 28:29 + 4 times;—tear away, rob, c. obj. rei (movable), flock (עֵדֶר) Jb 24:2, ass Dt 28:31, women Ju 21:23 cf. Gn 31:31 (E), tear away orphan child from breast Jb 24:9 יתום מִשֹּׁד, snatch a spear from enemy’s hand 2 S 23:21 = 1 Ch 11:23; fig. of drying up snow-water Jb 24:19; (obj. stationary) take violent possession of, well of water Gn 21:25 (E), house Jb 20:19, fields Mi 2:2; (hyperb.) the skin Mi 3:2; c. acc. cogn. = seize, plunder, obj. גְּזֵלָה Lv 5:23 (P) Ez 18:7, 12, 16, גָּזֵל Ez 18:18; 22:29; indef. ψ 69:5; fig., obj. מִשְׁפָּט Is 10:2; c. obj. pers. robbed ψ 35:10 Pr 22:22; 28:24, prob. also Ju 9:25 cf. Lv 19:13 (H; abs.); cf. also pass. Dt 28:29 (‖ עָשׁוּק); הציל גָּזוּל מיד עושׁק Je 21:12 cf. 22:3; Mal 1:13 גָּזוּל (‖ פִּסֵּחַ lame and חוֹלֶה sick), prob. that rescued after seizure by wild beasts, therefore mutilated.

†Niph. Pf. 3 fs. וְנִגְזְלָה, subj. sleep Pr 4:16 לא (‖ יִשְֽׁנוּ).

† גָּזֵל n.[m.] robbery—abs. גָּזֵל Lv 5:21 + 3 times + Ez 18:18 cf. infr.; cstr. גֵּ֫זֶל Ec 5:7 Ez 18:18 (but cf. infr.);—robbery Lv 5:21 (P) ψ 62:11 (‖ עֹשֶׁק) Is 61:8; = thing plundered, taken as plunder, as acc. cogn. Ez 22:29 (גָּזַל גָּזֵל); fig. גֵּזֶל משפט = wresting of justice (cf. Is 10:2) Ec 5:7—Ez 18:18 has גֵּזֶל אָח, but 𝔊 Co del. אח; read then גָּזֵל.—Cf. Lag^{BN 172}.

† גְּזֵלָה n.f. plunder, spoil—גְּזֵלָה Lv 5:23 + 3 times; cstr. גְּזֵלַת Is 3:14, גְּזֵלוֹת Ez 18:12;—thing seized, spoil Lv 5:23 (P) Ez 33:15; גְּזֵלַת הֶעָנִי Is 3:14; as acc. cogn. Ez 18:7, 12, 16.

II. גזל (√ of foll., meaning dub.; according to Fl^{NHWB i. 433} onomatop. cf. جَزْلٌ Frey crassa vox, vox columbi, v. also Frä¹¹⁵).

† גּוֹזָל n.m.^{Dt 32:11} young of birds (Syriac ܙܽܘܓܰܠ, cf. Arabic جَوْزَلٌ )—וְתֹר וְגוֹזָלֽ׃ Gn 15:9 pigeon; גּוֹזָלָיו Dt 32:11 eaglet (suff. ref. to נֶשֶׁר).

גזם (cut off, NH id., Ethiopic ገዘመ cf. Arabic جَزَمَ [= Aramaic ܓܙܰܡ]; or possibly جَذَمَ [= Aramaic ܓܕܰܡ]).

† גָּזָם n.m. ^{Am 4:9} locusts (coll.)—abs. גָּזָם Jo 1:4; 2:25; Am 4:9;—always as devouring, devastating, Jo 1:4 (‖ אַרְבֶּה, יֶלֶק, חָסִיל), 2:25 (‖ id.); Am 4:9 alone: your gardens and your vineyards, and your fig-trees and your olive-trees יֹאכַל הַגָּזָם.

† גַּזָּם n.pr.m. head of a family of returned exiles בְּנֵי ג׳ Ezr 2:48 = Ne 7:51.

גזע (√ of foll., cf. Arabic جَزَعَ cut off, & Ethiopic ገዝዐ saw in two).

† [גֶּ֫זַע] n.m. ^{Jb 14:8} stock, stem (NH id., cf. Syriac ܓܽܘܙܥܳܐ stem, trunk)—cstr. גֶּזַע Is 11:1; sf. גִּזְעוֹ Jb 14:8, גִּזְעָם Is 40:24;—stock, stem of a tree Jb 14:8 (‖ שֹׁרֶשׁ); fig. ג׳ ישׁי ‘stem of Jesse’ Is 11:1 (‖ שֹׁרֶשׁ); שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ ג׳ Is 40:24 (‖ נטע, זרע).

† גָּזַר vb. cut, divide (Arabic جَزَرَ, NH גָּזַר cut, determine, circumcise; Ethiopic ገዘረ Aramaic גְּזַר, ܓܙܰܪ )—

Qal Pf. גָּזַר Hb 3:17; Impf. וַיִּגְזֹר Is 9:19; 2 ms. תִּגְזַר Jb 22:28; וַיִּגְזְרוּ 2 K 6:4; Pt. act. גֹּזֵר ψ 136:13;— 1. divide, cut in two, sq. acc. 1 K 3:25 (ג׳ לִשְׁנָ֑יִם) cf. v 26 (obj. not expressed). 2. divide the Red Sea (acc.) ψ 136:13 sq. לִגְזָרִים. 3. cut down הָעֵצִים 2 K 6:4. 4. cut off (piece of meat to eat, but obj. not expr. ‖ אכל) Is 9:19. 5. cut off, i.e. destroy, exterminate Hb 3:17 (c. acc.; indef. subj.), sq. מִן loc. 6. decree (Aramaism, cf. Biblical Aramaic) Jb 22:28 c. acc.

Niph. Pf. נִגְזַר 2 Ch 26:21; Est 2:1, נִגְזָ֑רְתִּי La 3:54, נִגֳז֑רוּ ψ 88:6, נִגְזַרְנוּ Ez 37:11; Is 53:8;— 1. be cut off, separated, excluded from (מִן) temple 2 Ch 26:21, from (מִן) Yahweh’s hand ψ 88:6 (of the slain), from (מִן) the land of the living Is 53:8 (of the suffering servant of י׳). 2. be cut off = destroyed La 3:54; Ez 37:11. 3. be decreed, Est 2:1 sq. עַל against (cf. Qal 6).

† I. [גֶּ֫זֶר] n. [m.] part, only pl. הַגְּזָרִים Gn 15:17 of halves of animals; גְּזָרִים ψ 136:13 of divided portions of Red Sea.

† II. גֶּ֫זֶר n.pr.loc. (portion) Levitical city on border of Ephraim Jos 10:33; 12:12; 21:21; 1 K 9:16; 1 Ch 6:52; 7:28; 20:4; גָּ֑זֶר Jos 16:3, 10; Ju 1:29^(×2) cf. 2 S 5:25; 1 K 9:15, 17; c. ה—ָ loc. גָּ֑זְרָה 1 Ch 14:16;—cuneiform Gazri, Bez^{Tell el-Amarna Tabl. BM. 148}; mod. Tell-Jezer, c. 18 m. N. of W. from Jerus., S. of the Jaffa road; Gann in PEF ^{1873, 78 f.; 1875, 74 f.} cf. Bd^{Pal. 17}.

† גִּזְרִי adj.gent. 1 S 27:8 Qr (Kt והגרזי) cf. Dr

† גְּזֵרָה n.f. separation—אֶל־אֶרֶץ גְּזֵרָ֑ה Lv 16:22 (P) unto a land of separation, of the goat for Azazel; solitary land RV; ‘cut off,’ i.e. whence it would not readily find its way back VB.

† גִּזְרָה n.f. cutting, separation—גִּזְרָה Ez 41:12 + 6 times; sf. גִּזְרָתָם La 4:7;—

1. cutting, i.e. polishing (AV RV or carving, i.e. beauty of form, shape, cf. VB) סַפִּיר גִּזְרָתָם La 4:7; their polishing (or beauty of form) was as sapphire.

2. separation, הַגִּזְרָה Ez 41:12, 13, 14, 15; 42:1, 10, 13, separate place AV RV cf. Da; i.e. yard, or space adjoining temple on three sides.

† [מַגְזֵרָה] n.f. cutting instrument, axe—2 S 12:31 of David’s treatment of captives, וַיָּשֶׂם בַּמְּגֵרָה … וּבְמַגְזְרוֹת הַבַּרְזֶל. (cf. 1 Ch 20:3).

גֵחֲזִי v. sub גַּיְא.

גֹּ֫חִי v. [גִּיחַ, גּוֹחַ].

גחל (prob. = kindle, burn).

† גַּחֶ֫לֶת n.f. Ez 1:13 coal (cf. Assyrian guḫlu, a shining precious stone? COT^Gloss. Zim^{BP 45})—abs. גַּחֶלֶת Is 47:14; sf. גַּחַלְתִּי 2 S 14:7; pl. גֶּחָלִים ψ 18:9 + 6 times; cstr. גַּחֲלֵי Lv 16:12 + 5 times + ψ 18:14 (del. 𝔊 De Che) sf. גֶּחָלָיו Is 44:19, גֶּחָלֶיהָ Ez 24:11;—coal, pl. ג׳ אֵשׁ coals of fire Lv 16:12 (P), 2 S 22:13 = ψ 18:13 [also ψ 18:14 cf. supr.] Ez 10:2 (in vision); cf. 2 S 22:9 = ψ 18:9 Jb 41:13, also Pr 6:28 Is 44:19; in simile (of strife) Pr 26:21 (opp. פֶּחָם black coal); Ez 1:13 גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ (of the living creatures); fig. of hope in posterity 2 S 14:7, of divine judgment, ג׳ רתם coals of broom-plant ψ 120:4, cf. 140:11, also (negat.) Is 47:14 Ez 24:11; of kindness to enemy Pr 25:22.

גחם (? cf. Arabic جَحَمَ kindle, جَحِمَ, جَحُمَ burn).

† גַּ֫חַם n.pr.m. (flame?) Gn 22:24 a son of Nahor, brother of Abraham, by רְאוּמָה his concubine.

גחן (cf. Aramaic גְּחַן, Nasar ܓܚܰܢ (Syriacܓܗܰܢ PS) curve, bend).

† גָּחוֹן n.m. belly, of reptiles (cf. perhaps Assyrian giḫinnu, cord (from twisting?) Zim^{BP 104})—גְּחֹנְךָ Gn 3:14 (J) of the serpent, cf. גָּחוֹן Lv 11:42 (P).

גחר (? cf. Arabic جَحَرَ retire, retreat, etc.)

† גַּ֫חַר n.pr.m. head of a family of returned exiles Ezr 2:47 בְּנֵי־ג׳ = Ne 7:49 בְּנֵי־גָחַ֑ר.

† גַּיְא n.m.^{Is 40:4} (f. ^{Zc 14:4}) valley—abs. גַּיְא Nu 21:20 + 8 times + 1 S 17:52 (cf. infr.) גָּ֑יְא 1 Ch 4:39, גֵּיא Zc 14:4, גֶּיא Is 40:4, גַּי Dt 34:6 + 2 times; cstr. גֵּיא Is 22:1 + 21 times גֵּי Jos 15:8 + 13 times; pl. abs. גֵּאָיוֹת Ez 31:12; 36:4, 6 + 7:16; 32:5 (del. Co) + 6:3 2 K 2:16 Qr (so Co Ez 6:3; Kt גיאות); sf. גֵּיאוֹתֶיךָ Ez 35:8;—valley Jos 8:11 (E) Mi 1:6 1 S 17:3 2 K 2:16 (opp. הַר) Is 40:4 (opp. גִּבְעָה, הַר), Ez 6:3; 35:8; 36:4, 6 (in all c. גבעות אפיקים, הרים), 31:12 (opp. הַר), cf. 7:16 (del. B Co) 32:5; specif., valley in Moab, a station of Isr. Nu 21:20 (E); over against Beth-Peor Dt 3:29; 4:46; 34:6; a valley near גְּדוֹר 1 Ch 4:39; ג׳ חִזָּיוֹן Is 22:1, 5 near Jerus.; ג׳ שְׁמָנִים Is 28:1, 4 valley of fatness, fertility, the valley surrounding Samaria; שַׁעַר הַגּ׳ 2 Ch 26:9 Ne 2:13, 15; 3:13; apocalyptic valley Zc 14:4, made by cleaving Mt. of Olives, cf. ג׳ הרים; valley of slaughter ג׳ ההרגה, a future name of valley of Hinnom Je 7:32; 19:6 1 S 17:52 (גַּיְא) 𝔊 reads גַּת cf. We Dr; Je 2:23 of valley of Hinnom, v. infr.; fig. ψ 23:4 ג׳ צלמות cf. צלמות; Ez 39:11 ג׳ הָעֹבְרִים, Co הָעֲבָרִים n.pr. cf. infr.; elsewhere in combination with n.pr.:—

a. ג׳ יִפְתַּח־אֵל Jos 19:14, 27 perhaps Jotapata Jos^{BJ iii. 7, 7}; Rabbin. גופתתא Reland^{Pal. 816};—Tell Jefût Rob^{BR iii, 107}. Guérin^{Gal i. 476 f.} cf. Bd^{Pal. 243}.

b. ג׳ הַצְּבֹעִים 1 S 13:18.

c. ג׳־הַמֶּלַח 2 K 14:7 (Kt; Qr om. art.) 1 Ch 18:12 2 Ch 25:11 = ג׳־מֶלַח 2 S 8:13 ψ 60:2 (title); S. of Dead Sea, in or bordering on Edom; el-Ghôr Rob^{BR ii. 109}.

d. ג׳ הֶחָרָשִׁים 1 Ch 4:14 Ne 11:35, appar. near Lod & Ono, NW. of Jerus., not far from the sea.

e. ג׳ צְפַ֖תָֿה לְמָרֵשָׁה 2 Ch 14:9 (? read צָפֹנָה, 𝔊 κατὰ βορρᾶν, to the north of M.) prob. near the great plain of Judah, W. of Jerus., toward the sea; ג׳ הָעֹבְרִים Ez 39:11, E. of Dead Sea (Hi Sm), Co reads ג׳ הָעֲבָרִים.

f. name to be changed to ג׳ הֲמוֹן־גּוֹג Ez 39:11, 15. Most frequently

g. גֵּי הִנֹּם Jos 15:8; 18:16 Ne 11:30, גֵּי בֶן־הִנֹּם Jos 15:8; 18:16 2 K 23:10 Qr (Kt גי בני ה׳) 2 Ch 28:3; 33:6 Je 7:31, 32; 19:2, 6; 32:35; valley SW. & S. of Jerus. (Rob^{BR ii. 273 f.}), where incense was burned, and children were offered in sacrifice to ‘Molech.’ Others identify with the Tyropœon valley, cf. RS^{Sem i. 353}; vid. further הִנֹּם, תֹּפֶת.

† גֵּיחֲזִי, גֵּחֲזִי n.pr.m. (valley of vision?) servant of Elisha, גֵיחֲזִי 2 K 4:12, 14, 25, 27, 29, 36; 5:20, 21; גֵּחֲזִי 2 K 4:31; 5:25; 8:4, 5.

גיד (√ of foll.; meaning dub.;? cf. Assyrian gâdu, bind, fetter, Jäger^{BAS i. 589 f.}).

† גִּיד n.m. ^{Gn 32:33} sinew (NH id., Aramaic גִּידָא, ܓܝܳܕܳܐ; cf. Arabic جِيدٌ neck)—cstr. גִּיד Gn 32:33^(×2) Is 48:4; pl. גִּידִים Jb 10:11 Ez 37:6, גִּדִים Ez 37:8; cstr. גִּידֵי Jb 40:17;—sinew, in general of human body, ‖ בשׂר, עור, עצמות, Jb 10:11 cf. Ez 37:6, 8; of thigh Gn 32:33 (of beast) v 33; iron sinew, fig. of obstinacy, Is 48:4 וג׳ בַּרְזֶל עָרְפֶּ֑ךָ וּמִצְחֲךָ נְחוּשָׁה; of hippopot., ג׳ פחדו, i.e. of his loins, Jb 40:17.

† [גִּיחַ, גּוּחַ] vb. burst forth (cf. Nö^{ZMG 1883, 538}; NH id., Aramaic id., and ܓܳܚ; Ethiopic ጎሐ break forth, of light, etc.)—

Qal impf. יָגִיחַ Jb 40:23, 2 ms. וַתָּ֫גַח Ez 32:2; Imv. fs. גֹּ֫חִי Mi 4:10; Inf. sf. (בְּ)גִיחוֹ Jb 38:8; Pt. sf. גֹּחִ֫י ψ 22:10 (but cf. infr.);— 1. intrans. burst forth, of dashing river (a very Jordan) Jb 40:23; of sea fig. as babe from womb Jb 38:8; 2. trans. a. draw forth from womb (subj. י׳) ψ 22:10 (where read גָּחִ֫י pt. from גּוּחַ, or regard גֹּחִי as metapl., as if from גחה? v. De & Che^{crit. note}) cf. ψ 71:6; also b. thrust forth, bring forth, fig. of travail, applied to Jerusalem in distress Mi 4:10 (cf. Sta^{§ 599 b} Kö^{f. 505}); burst forth with rivers (fig. of Pharaoh under image of תַּנִּים) Ez 32:2, but for בנהרותיך (rivers) read prob. בִּנְהִרוֹתֶיךָ Jb 41:12 (nostrils), i.e. snort with thy nostrils, so Ew Co Hi. rather ‘break forth (with that which is to be born),’ but text dub. Hi pt. מֵגִיחַ of troops burst forth Ju 20:33.

† גִּיחַ n.pr.loc. (from a spring?) near Gibeon in Benjamin 2 S 2:24.

† גִּיחוֹן n.pr.fl. (a bursting forth)—

1. one of the rivers of Eden Gn 2:13 (on theories of identity v. Comm.; also Smith^{Dict. Bible} Schaff-Herzog^{Art. Eden} Spurrell^{Text of Gen. ad loc.} Ri^HWB).

2. spring of water near Jerusalem: גִּחוֹן 1 K 1:33, 38, 45, מֵימֵי גִוחוֹן הָעֶלְיוֹן 2 Ch 32:30, לְגִיחוֹן בַּנַּחַל 2 Ch 33:14;—there are two main theories as to locality: a. W. of Jerusalem, connected with Birket Mamilla, and aqueduct into city Rob^{BR i. 239, 345 ff.} Survey^Jerusalem al.; b. E. of Jerusalem = Fountain of the Virgin, Furrer^{SchenkelBL ii. 463} Bd^{Pal. 101}, or Siloah water-system Guthe^{ZPV, v., 1882, 359 ff.}

גֵּיחֲזִי v. sub גַּיְא.

† [גִּיל] vb. rejoice (Nö^{ZMG 1883, 537}; cf. Arabic جَالَ go round or about, be excited to levity, etc.)—

Qal Pf. גַּלְתִּי Is 65:19; Impf. יָגִיל, תָּגִיל ψ 21:2 + 4 times (ψ 21:2 Kt יגיל, Qr יָ֫גֶל with retracted tone); יָגֵל, תָּגֵל ψ 13:6 + 11 times, וַיָּגֶל ψ 16:9, אָגִילָה, נָגִילָה ψ 9:15 + 5 times, יָגִילוּ ψ 13:5 + 5 times, יְגִילוּן ψ 89:17, תָּגֵלְנָה ψ 48:12 + 2 times; יָגִו֯ל Pr 23:24; Imv. גִּילוּ ψ 2:11 + 4 times, גִּילִי Is 49:13 + 2 times; 1. rejoice, a. abs. ψ 13:5; 51:10 Is 49:13 Zc 9:9; ‖ שׂמח ψ 14:7; 16:9; 32:11; 48:12; 53:7; 96:11; 97:1, 8 Pr 23:24, 25 1 Ch 16:31 Hb 1:15; ‖ שׂושׂ, שׂישׂ Is 35:1; 65:18. b. c. בְּ ψ 149:2 Pr 2:14; 24:17 Is 9:2; בירושׁלם Is 65:19; 66:10; בישׁועתך ψ 9:15; 13:6; 21:2; ביהוה ψ 35:9 Is 41:16 Zc 10:7; באלהים Is 61:10 Hb 3:18; בשׁם י׳ ψ 89:17; בקדושׁ ישׂראל Is 29:19; גיל ושׂמח ב׳ ψ 31:8; 118:24 Ct 1:4 Is 25:9 Jo 2:23; גילי ושׂמחי כי Jo 2:21. c. with עַל Zp 3:17. Besides persons the subj. is לֵב ψ 13:6 Pr 24:17 Zc 10:7; נפשׁ ψ 35:9 Is 61:10, כבוד (= נפשׁ) ψ 16:9, ארץ 1 Ch 16:31 ψ 96:11; 97:1 Is 49:13, ערבה Is 35:1, 2. 2. tremble (cf. Arabic وَجِلَ) ψ 2:11 ‖ עבד (Thes Ew Hi Che, but 𝔊 Hu De Pe AV RV rejoice), Ho 10:5 ‖ אבל (Thes and most mod., but AV RV that rejoiced over it), possibly error for חיל Ew Gr Che.

† I. גִּיל n.[m.] rejoicing—Jb 3:22 + 6times, גִּו֯ל Pr 23:24; sf. גִּילִי ψ 43:4;—rejoicing ψ 65:13 Pr 23:24; ‖ שׂמחה ψ 45:16 Is 16:10 Je 48:33 Jo 1:16, שִׂמְחַת גִילִי ψ 43:4, שׂמח אל גיל glad unto rejoicing Ho 9:1 Jb 3:22.

† II. [גִּיל] n.[m.] circle, age, מן הילדים אשׁר כְּגִלְכֶם of the youths which are of your age Dn 1:10 (cf. Arabic جِيلٌ, Sam. גיל = Heb. דור = γενεά, Talm בן גילו one born at the same time, a contemporary).

† גִּילָה n.f. rejoicing Is 65:18, גִּילַת וְרַנֵּן Is 35:2 (nom. verbal. for Inf. abs. cf. De Di; cstr. before וְ Ges^{§ 130. 2}; but read prob. גִּילָה); הַגִּילָה read Is 9:2 for הַגּוֹי לֹא by Krochm Che RS Di.

† גִּלֹה n.pr.loc. city in mountains of Judah Jos 15:51 2 S 15:12; (on √ cf. Dr 2 S 15:12.)

† גִּילֹנִי adj.gent. 2 S 15:12, 23:34 = 1 Ch 11:36, where also read הַגּ׳ (for MT הַפְּלֹנִי).

גִּינַת v. sub גנן.

גיר (boil, boil up? cf. Aramaic גִּיר wave. NH id. foam; Arabic جَيَّارٌ quicklime, also heat in chest from rage or hunger (Lane); admodum aestuans according to Fl NHWB^{i. 433 b}; but cf. infr.)

† גִּר n.[m.] chalk, lime (perhaps Aramaic loanword cf. Frä9; Aramaic (also Biblical Aramaic) גִּיר, ܓܺܪܳܐ; Arabic جِيرٌ is loan-wd.Frä^l.c.)—מִזְבֵּחַ כְּאַבְנֵי גִר Is 27:9.

† [גֵּיר] n.m. 2 Ch 2:16 v. גֵּר sub I. גור.

† גישׁ Jb 7:5 Kt, v. גּוּשׁ.

† גֵּישָׁן n.pr.m. a descendant of Judah through Caleb 1 Ch 2:47.

גַּל, גֵּל, גֹּל v. sub גלל.

גלב (= shear, shave, Assyrian [galâbu] Hpt^SFG; Aramaic גְּלַב id., גְּלָב razor; cf. ܓܰܠܳܒܳܐ 2 S 20:8 v. PS).

† [גַּלָּב] n.[m.] barber (Ph. גלב CIS^{i, 257 ff.})—Ez 5:1 תַּעַר הַגַּלָּבִים.

† גִּלְבֹּעַ n.pr.loc. Gilboaʿ (derivation unknown), mountain-ridge at S.E. end of plain of Jezreel, where Saul & Jonathan were killed; usually c. art. הַר הַגּ׳ 1 S 31:1, 8 2 S 1:6; הָרֵי בַּגִּלְבֹּעַ 2 S 1:21 (David’s lament); בַּגּ׳ alone 1 S 28:4 2 S 21:12; without art. הַר גִּלְבֹּעַ 1 Ch 10:1, 8 (‖ 1 S 31:1, 8 supr.);—mod. Jebel Fuḳûʿa Bd^{Pal. 244}.

גַּלְגַּל, גִּלְגָּל, גֻּלְגֹּלֶת v. sub גלל.

גלד (√ of foll. meaning dub. perhaps cf. Ethiopic ገlለደ obducere, inducere; Arabic جَلَدَ scourge).

† [גֶּ֫לֶד] n.m. skin (Arabic جِلْدٌ, Aramaic גִּלְדָּא, ܓܶܠܕܳܐ ) of man Jb 16:15 שַׂק תָּפַרְתִּי עֲלֵי גִלְדִּ֑י.

גָּלָה₁₈₉ vb. uncover, remove (NH id., cf. Arabic جَلَا be or become clear, uncovered; display, reveal, declare; go forth, emigrate; cf. Ethiopic ገለወ obducere, velare, & 11: ገለየ in deriv. (rare) Di¹¹⁴¹; Aramaic גְּלָא, ܓܠܴܐ reveal)—

Qal₅₁ Pf. ג׳ etc. 1 S 4:21 + (18 t.times in all); Impf. יִגְלֶה 1 S 20:2 + 5 times וַיִּ֫גֶֽל 2 K 17:23 + 3 times, also juss. יִ֫גֶל Jb 20:28; 36:15; 3 mpl. יִגְלוּ Am 6:7; Imv. ms. גְּלֵה Ez 12:3; Inf. abs. גָּלֹה Am 5:5 + 2 times, cstr. גְּלוֹת Ju 18:30 Je 1:3; Pt. גּוֹלֶה 2 K 24:14, גֹּלֶה 1 S 22:8 + 3 times, f. גּוֹלָה Is 49:21; pass. גָּלוּי Est 3:14 + 2 times, cstr. גְּלוּי Nu 24:4, 16;— 1. גָּלָה אֹזֶן uncover the ear of one, i.e. reveal to him 1 S 9:15; 20:2, 12, 13; 22:8^(×2), 17 2 S 7:27 1 Ch 17:25 Ru 4:4 Jb 33:16; 36:10, 15; גְּלוּי עינים uncovered of eyes, having the eyes open Nu 24:4, 16; גָּלָה סוֹד reveal a secret Am 3:7 Pr 20:19; הגלוי the revealed opp. הֶחָתוּם Je 32:11; גָּלוּי לְ disclosed, published Est 3:14; 8:13. 2. intr. remove, depart, גלה משׂושׂ הארץ the mirth of the land is departed Is 24:11; יגל יבול ביתו the increase of his house shall depart Jb 20:28; גלה חציר Pr 27:25. 3. go into exile Ju 18:30 2 K 17:23; 25:21 Is 5:13 Je 1:3; 52:27 Ez 12:3; 39:23 Am 1:5; 5:5; 6:7; 7:11, 17 Mi 1:16 La 1:3; גלה כבוד 1 S 4:21, 22 Ho 10:5; pt. גֹּלֶה an exile 2 S 15:19 2 K 24:14 Is 49:21 Am 6:7.

Niph. Pf. נִגְלָה 1 S 3:1 + 9 times, נִגְלָתָה Is 53:1, נִגְלֵתִי 1 S 2:27, נִגְלוּ Gn 35:7 + 2 times, נִגְלִינוּ 1 S 14:8; Impf. יִגָּלֶה, תִּגָּלֶה 1 S 3:7 + 4 times תִּגָּל Is 47:3, יִגָּלוּ 2 S 22:16 + 2 times; Imv. הִגָּלוּ Is 49:9; Inf. abs. נִגְלֹה 1 S 2:27; cstr. נִגְלוֹת 2 S 6:20, הִגָּלוֹת 2 S 6:20 + 2 times; Pt. pl. נִגְלֹת Dt 29:28;— 1. refl. a. uncover oneself (one’s nakedness) 2 S 6:20. b. discover or shew oneself Is 49:9, אֶל 1 S 14:8, 11. c. reveal himself (of God), אֶל Gn 35:7 (E) 1 S 2:27; 3:21, באזני Is 22:14. 2. pass. a. be uncovered (one’s nakedness), ערוה Ex 20:26 (E) Is 47:3 Ez 16:36; 23:29, שׁולים Je 13:22. b. be disclosed, discovered, foundations 2 S 22:16 (= ψ 18:16) Ez 13:14; gates of death Jb 38:17, עון Ho 7:1, פשׁע Ez 21:29, רעה Pr 26:26 Ez 16:57. c. be revealed כבוד י׳ Is 40:5, זרוע י׳ Is 53:1, דבר י׳ 1 S 3:7, צדקה Is 56:1; with לְ Is 23:1 Dn 10:1, הַנִּגְלֹת the things revealed Dt 29:28. 3. be removed, דּוֹרִי נִסַּע וְנִגְלָה מִנִּי my habitation is plucked up and removed from me Is 38:12.

Pi.₅₆ Pf. גִּלָּה Lv 20:11, גִּלִּית Is 57:8, גִּלֵּיתִי Je 33:6; Impf. יְגַלֶּה Dt 23:1, תְּגַל Pr 25:9; Imv. גַּל ψ 119:18, גַּלִּי Is 47:2; Inf. גַּלּוֹת Lv 18:6; Pt. מְגַלֶּה Jb 12:22;— 1. uncover, a. nakedness (often = contract marriage, RSLag^{GN 1882, 408; JPh. ix. 94}) Lv 18:6–19; 20:11–21 (H 23 times) Ez 22:10; cf. כנף אביו Dt 23:1; 27:20; of exposure, as a reproach, Ez 16:37; 23:10, cf. נבלת Ho 2:12, שׁולים Na 3:5; immodesty Ez 23:18, מקור דמיה Lv 20:18 (H), תזנותיה Ez 23:18; ג׳ alone Is 57:8 (all subj. fem.) b. in gen.; feet Ru 3:4, 7, leg Is 47:2, veil v 2 (i.e. remove it) cf. 22:8, פני לבושׁו Jb 41:5, eyes Nu 22:31 (E) ψ 119:18 (open them so as to see). 2. disclose, discover, lay bare, secret places Je 49:10, deep places Jb 12:22, foundations Mi 1:6, blood Is 26:21, iniquity Jb 20:27, secret Pr 11:13; 25:9, a wanderer (betray) Is 16:3. 3. make known, shew, reveal, רִיב אֶל make known a cause unto Je 11:20; 20:12; with לְ Je 33:6; גִּלָּה צִדְקָתוֹ לעיני shew his righteousness in the eyes of ψ 98:2; with עַל: על עון, על חטאת make known concerning, iniquity, sin La 2:14; 4:22.

Pu. Pf. גֻּלְּתָה be uncovered Na 2:8; Pt. תּוֹכַחַת מְגֻלָּה open rebuke Pr 27:5.

Hiph.₃₉ Pf. הֶגְלָה 2 K 17:11 +, הִגְלָה 2 K 24:14, הֶגְלָם 1 Ch 8:7, הִגְלָם Je 20:4; Impf. וַיֶּגֶל 2 K 17:6 + 3 times; sf. וַיַּגְלֶהָ 2 K 16:9, וַיַּגְלֵם 2 K 15:29, 1 Ch 5:26, יַגְלוּם 1 Ch 8:6: Inf. הַגְלוֹת 1 Ch 5:41 + 5 times, בַּגְלוֹתוֹ Je 27:20;—carry away into exile, take into exile 2 K 15:29; 16:9; 17:6, 11, 26, 27, 28, 33; 18:11; 24:14, 15; 25:11 1 Ch 5:6, 26, 41; 8:6, 7 2 Ch 36:20 Ezr 2:1 Ne 7:6 Est 2:6 Je 20:4; 22:12; 24:1; 27:20; 20:1, 4, 7, 14; 39:9; 43:3; 52:15, 28, 29, 30 La 4:22 Ez 39:28 Am 1:6; 5:27.

Hoph. Pf. הָגְלָה Est 2:6; f. הָגְלְתָה Est 2:6, הָגְלוּ 1 Ch 9:1 Je 40:7, הָגְלָת Je 13:19^(×2) (Ges^{§ 75 m}); Pt. pass. מֻגְלִים Je 40:1 carried into exile.

Hithp. 1. Impf. וַיִּתְגַּל was uncovered (naked) Gn 9:21. 2. Inf. בְּהִתְגַּלּוֹת לִבּוֹ that his heart may reveal itself Pr 18:2.

† גּוֹלָה₄₂ n.f. exiles, exile—(cf. Arabic جَالٍ one emigrating, جَالِيَةٌ a company of exiles)—Je 28:6 + 38 times, גֹּלָה Is 49:21 1 Ch 5:22 Est 2:6 Na 3:10;—

1. coll. exiles, Est 2:6 Je 29:1 Ez 1:1; 3:11, 15; 11:24, 25 Na 3:10; כל־הגולה Je 28:6; 29:4, 20, 31, קהל הגולה Ezr 10:8.

2. abstract, exile, Ezr 6:21; 9:4; 10:6 Zc 6:10; הלך בגולה go into exile Je 48:11; 49:3; Ez 12:11; 25:3 Am 1:15; יצא בג׳ Je 29:16; 48:7 Zc 14:2; הוליך גולה carry into exile 2 K 24:15, הביא ג׳ 2 K 24:16, הוציא ג׳ Ez 12:4, העלה ג׳ Ezr 1:11; כלי גולה equipment for exile Je 46:19 Ez 12:3, 4, 7; עד הגלה until the exile 1 Ch 5:22; בני הגולה exiles Ezr 4:1; 6:19, 20; 8:35; 10:7, 16; שׁבי הגולה captivity of the exile Ezr 2:1 Ne 7:6.

† גָּלוּת n.f. exile—Is 20:4 + 9 times; גָּלֻת Ob 20:20; sf. גָּלוּתִי Is 45:13, גָּלוּתֵינוּ Ez 33:21; 40:1 (Qameṣ unchangeable);—

1. abs. exile, 2 K 25:27 Je 52:31 Ez 1:2; 33:21; 40:1.

2. coll. exiles Am 1:6, 9 Ob 20, גלות כושׁ Is 20:4, גלות יהודה Je 24:5; 28:4; 29:22; 40:1, גלותי ישׁלח he shall let my exiles (Yahweh’s) go free Is 45:13; vid. Lag^{Arm. Stud. § 445}.

† גִּלָּיוֹן n.m. table, tablet (Talm גִּלְיוֹן, the empty margin of page or roll, vid. Lag^{GN 1881, 403, cf. BN 199})—קַח־לְךָ גִּלָּיוֹן גָּדוֹל וּכְתֹב עָלָיו take thee a great tablet and write upon it Is 8:1; pl. הַגִּלְיֹנִים tablets of polished metal, mirrors Is 3:23 𝔗 𝔙 Ges Che Di De; but transparent garments, gauzes, 𝔊 Ew (cf. Arabic جَلْوَةٌ fine garment).

† גָּלְיַת n.pr.m. (conspicuous? On ending ת cf. Dr 1 S 17:4 & Nö in Eut^{Nab 73}) (גָּלְיָת 1 Ch 20:5) Philistine giant slain by David 1 S 17:4, 23; 21:10; 22:10, but according to 2 S 21:19 slain by Elhanan of Bethlehem (בֵּית הַלַּחְמִי; according to 1 Ch 20:5 Elhanan slew לַחְמִי brother of Goliath).

† יָגְלִי n.pr.m. (led into exile?) chief of tribe of Dan Nu 34:22.

גִּלֹה n.pr.loc. v. sub גיל.

גֻּלָּה v sub גלל.

† [גָּלַח] vb. be bald (Arabic جَلِحَ );

Pi. shave, shave off (so NH, Aramaic)—Pf. וְגִלַּח consec. Lv 14:8 + 2 times; sf. וְגִלְּחוֹ consec. 2 S 14:26; 3 fs. וְגִלְּחָה consec. Dt 21:12; Impf. יְגַלַּח Lv 14:9 Is 7:20, יְגַלֵּ֑חַ Lv 13:33 + 2 times, וַיְגַלַּח Gn 41:14 2 S 10:4; sf. (3 ms.) יְגַלְּחֶנּוּ, וַיְגַלְּחֵם 1 Ch 19:4; 3 fs. וַתְּגַלַּח Ju 16:19; 3 mpl. יְגַלֵּ֑חוּ Lv 21:5 Ez 44:20; Inf. sf. of subj. גַּלְּחוֹ 2 S 14:26;— 1. shave, obj. the head, רֹאשׁ Nu 6:9^(×2), 18 (P) Dt 21:12 (hair as containing impurity cf. RS^{Sem i 407}), 2 S 14:26^(×2) cf. 26 Ez 44:20; Lv 13:33 (P), obj. הַנֶּתֶק; obj. persons 1 Ch 19:4. 2. shave off, the hair שֵׂעָר Lv 14:8, 9^(×2) (P) cf. Ju 16:19; the beard זָקָן Lv 21:5 (H) 2 S 10:4. 3. fig. of devastation by Assyrians Is 7:20 (obj. הָרֹאשׁ, שַׂעַר הָרַגְלָ֑יִם and הַזָּקָן) 4. intrans. he shaved (himself) Gn 41:14 (E).

Pu. Pf. גֻּלָּ֑ח Ju 16:22, גֻּלַּחְתִּי Ju 16:17; Pt. cstr. מְגֻלְּחֵי Je 41:5;—be shaven, subj. pers. (of Samson) Ju 16:17, 22; מְגֻלְּחֵי זָקָן Je 41:5.

Hithp. Pf. וְהִתְגַּלָּ֑ח consec. Lv 13:33; Inf. sf. הִתְגַּלְּחוֹ Nu 6:19;—shave oneself Lv 13:33; c. acc. אֶת־נִזְרוֹ Nu 6:19 (both P).

I. גלל (جَلَّ be great in rank or dignity (often of God)).

† I. [גְּלַל] n.[m.] account, only in cstr. st. with בְּ, בִּגְלַל on account of, for the sake of (جَلَلٌ a great and momentous matter; مِنْ جَلَلِكَ on thy account; cf. מִן בִּגְלַל דְּ because that in Palestinian 𝔗, as ψ 4:9, and ܓܠܰܠ in Jerus. Syriac PS⁷³¹) Gn 39:5 י׳ blessed the house of the Egyptian בִּגְלַל יוֹסֵף on account of Joseph, Dt 15:10; 18:12 1 K 14:16 Je 11:17; 15:4; with sf. בִּגְלָלֶ֑ךָ Gn 30:27; בִּגְלָלֵךְ 12:13; בִּגְלַלְכֶם Dt 1:37 Mi 3:12.

† II. [גָּלַל] vb. roll, roll away (NH id., & deriv.; Aramaic Pa. גַּלֵּל, Palp. גַּלְגֵּיל roll, Ithpalp. reflex., & deriv.; cf. ܓܰܠ Ethiopic, Ethpalp. (v. PS). ܓܺܓܰܠ rota, ܓܰܠܠܴܐ fluctus, etc.)—

Qal Pf. 1 s. גַּלּוֹתִי Jos 5:9, וְגָֽלֲלוּ consec. Gn 29:3, 8; Imv. גֹּל ψ 22:9 (MT De; but 𝔊 Bi Che read גַּל 3 ms. pf., so AV RVm) Pr 16:3, גּוֹל ψ 37:5, גַּל 119:22 (but read גֹּל Ew Hi Ri Gr Che), גֹּלּוּ Jos 10:18 1 S 14:33; Pt. גֹּלֵל Pr 26:27;—roll a stone Pr 26:27; roll away stone from upon (מֵעַל) the mouth of a well Gn 29:3, 8; roll stones unto (אֶל) the mouth of a cave Jos 10:18; stone unto (אֶל) Saul, at which to slay beasts 1 S 14:33; fig. reproach from upon (מֵעַל) the people Jos 5:9 (subj. י׳), cf. ψ 119:22 (sq. מֵעַל); but also גּוֹל עַל־י׳ דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ ψ 37:5, cf. 22:9 Pr 16:3 (both sq. אֶל־).

Niph. Pf. וְנָגֹלּוּ consec. Is 34:4; Impf. וְיִגַּל (juss.) Am 5:24;—roll, roll up or along (intrans.). וְנָגֹלּוּ כַסֵּפֶר הַשָּׁמַיִם Is 34:4 and the heavens shall roll up like a book; יִגַּל כַּמַּיִם מִשְׁפָּט Am 5:24 let judgment roll along (flow down) as the waters.

Pilp. Pf. וְגִלְגַּלְתִּיךָ consec. Je 51:25 and I will roll thee down from (מִן) the rocks (subj. י׳; obj. Babylon under fig. of mt.) Pōʿal. Pt. שִׂמְלָה מְגוֹלָלָה בְדָמִים Is 9:4 garment rolled (dabbled, rolled over and over) in blood.

Hithpo. Inf. לְהִתְגֹּלֵל Gn 43:18; Pt. מִתְגֹּלֵל 2 S 20:12; roll oneself over and over, וַעֲמָשָׂא מִתְג׳ בַּדָּם 2 S 20:12 now Amasa was wallowing in his blood; fig. Gn 43:18 לְהִתְג׳ עָלֵינוּ to roll himself upon us, i.e. assail us with overwhelming force (‖ וּלְהִתְנַפֵּל עָלֵינוּ).

Hithpalp. Pf. הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ Jb 30:14 (abs.; ‖ כְּפֶרֶץ רָחָב יֶאֱתָ֑יוּ) cf. Hithpo. Gn 43:18.

Hiph. Impf. וַיָּ֫גֶל Gn 29:10;—roll away stone from upon (מֵעַל) mouth of well; as Qal (which it really is, Impf. in i, according to Ba^{ZMG 1888, 178}).

† גַּל n.m. ^{Gn 31:48} heap, wave, billow (as rolled together, rolling, rolling up), also spring, MT Ct 4:12 cf. 3 infr.—abs. גַּל Jb 8:17 + 5 times (incl. הַגַּל Gn 31:48 +); גָּ֑ל Gn 31:46; הַגָּ֑ל Gn 31:46; לַגָּ֑ל Is. 25:2; cstr. גַּל־ Jos 7:26 + 2 times + Gn 31:47, 48 q.v. infr.; pl. גַּלִּים 2 K 19:25 + 6 times; cstr. גַּלֵּי־ Is 48:18; sf. גַּלָּיו ψ 89:10 + 6 times; גַּלֵּיהֶם ψ 65:8 + 2 times;—