Home · BDB · א

א

1

א, Āleph, first letter; in post B Heb. = numeral 1 (and so in marg. of printed MT); Āleph (with diaresis) = 1000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

אָב v. II. אבה. p. 3

אבב (fresh, bright, As. abâbu Dl:w, AGl.)

† [אֵב] n. [m.] freshness, fresh green (Lag:BN 207 Inf. ibb; thence concr., cf. Ar. أَبّ; above stem & mng. better than √ אנב (spring) cf. As. inbu, fruit, Aram. אִנְבַּהּ (q. v.) Dl:HA 65, Pr 114) עֹדֶנּוּ בְאִבּוֹ while yet in its freshness (i.e. אָחוּ, reed) Jb 8:12; concr., pl. green shoots בְּאִבֵּי הַנַּחַל Ct 6:11 (‖:הֲפָֽרְחָה הַגֶּפֶן הֵנֵחוּ הָֽרִמֹּנִים).

אָבִיב n.m.:Lv 2:14 coll. (Lag:BN 207 Inf.)

1. fresh, young ears of barley Ex 9:31; indef. Lv 2:14 קָלוּי בָּאֵשׁ מִנְחַת בִּכּוּרִים ליהוה א׳.

2. חֹדֶשׁ הָֽאָבִיב month of ear-forming, or of growing green, Abib, month of Exodus & passover, Ex 13:4, 23:15, 34:18, 34:18 (JE), Dt 16:1, 16:1 (1st month = c. April = הָרִאשֹׁן, הַחֹדֶשׁ הָר׳ (q.v.) in P; v. Di Ex 12:2; = postexilic נִיסָן q.v.)

אֲבִגַיִל v. אֲבִיגַיִל sub II. אבה. p. 4

אֲבַגְתָא n. pr. m. (Pers. cf. בִּגְתָא) eunuch of Ahasuerus Est 1:10.

אָבַד vb. perish (MI אבד, As. abâtu Dl:W 184 Aram. אֲבַד, ܐܒܰܕ).—Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָֽבְדוּ Ps 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 LXX Co) etc.; Impf. יאֹבַד Jb 3:3, Je 4:9; יאֹבֵָדּ Jb 20:7 + 2 t.; 3 fs. תּאֹבַד Dt 22:3 + 4 t.; תּאֹבֵדָ Jb 8:13 + 3 t.; יאֹבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3 t.; יאֹבֵָדוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3 fpl. וַתּאֹבַדְנָה 1 S 9:3; תּאֹבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נאֹבֵָד Jn 1:6, 3:9; נאֹבְדָה Jon 1:14.etc.; Inf. abs. אָבדֹ Dt 4:26 + 2 t.; cstr. אֲבדֹ Dt 7:20, Pr 11:10; אֲבָדְךָ Dt 28:20; אָבְדֶָךָ Dt 28:22; אֲבָדְכֶם Jos 23:13; אָבְדָם Ob:12, Pr 28:28; Pt. אוֹבֵד Dt 26:5 + 7t.; cstr. אֹבַד Dt 32:28 (bef. ע ? v. Di. Bö:§ 378); etc.

1. perish, die, of individuals (mostly late) Nu 17:27 (‖נוע & (v:28) מות, (also Dt 26:5 ? cf. infr.) Jon 1:6, 1:14, Jb 31:19 cf. 29:13, Pr 31:6, Est 4:14, 4:16, 4:16, Mi 4:9, Je 40:15 cf. Is 57:1, Pr 11:10, 28:28, Ec 7:15, Ps 119:92; emphasis on mortality Jb 4:20, Ps 146:4, Ec 9:6; Saul & Jonath., under fig. of weapons 2 S 1:27; lion Jb 4:11; caravan Jb 6:18 (cf. Di); cf. מִן־הָאָרֶץ חָסִיד א׳ Mi 7:2, מֶלֶח מֵעַזָּה וא׳ Zc 9:5; perish, be exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Lv 26:38, Dt 8:19, 8:19, 8:20, 28:20, 20:22, 30:18, 30:18, Je 27:10, 27:15 cf. 6:21, Ob:12 cf. Ps 80:17, Is 27:13; other nations Dt 7:20, Je 10:15, 51:18, Ps 2:12, 10:16, 83:18 cf. 9:4, Am 1:8, Is 41:11, 60:12 cf. Jon 3:9 v. also Ex 10:7, Nu 21:29, 21:30 (JE) Je 48:46; house of Ahab 2 K 9:8; wicked in general Ju 5:31, Jb 4:9 cf. v:7, Ps 37:20, 49:11, 68:3 (‖ sim. of melting wax), 73:27, 92:10; also Pr 19:9, 21:18; לָנֶחַח א׳ Jb 20:7; cf. דֶּרֶח רְשָׁעִים א׳ Ps 1:6; sq. מֵעַל הָאָָרֶץ (of annihilation of Isr.) Dt 4:26, 4:26, 11:17, Jos 23:13, 23:16 (D); sq. מִתּוֹח הַקָּהָל (of Korah's company) Nu 16:33 (JE); perish, be ruined, destroyed, of inanimate things, e.g. land Je 9:11 (‖נִצְּתָה כַמִּדְבָּר cf. 48:8; harvest Jo 1:11; Jonah's gourd Jon 4:10; riches Je 48:36, Ec 5:13; vessel Ps 31:13; houses Am 3:15 (so oft. As. Dl:w); city Ez 26:17 (but del. LXX Co); cf. bamôth Ez 6:3 LXX Co; heavens & earth Ps 102:27.

2. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory Jb 18:17, Ps 9:7; name Ps 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Jb 30:2; wisdom Is 29:14; cf. אֹבַד עֵחוֹת Dt 32:28; אֱמוּנָה Je 7:28 (‖נִכְרְתָה); חָזוֹן Ez 12:22; יוֹם Jb 3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); לֵב Je 4:9 (i.e. courage fail); תִּקְוָה Ps 9:19, Pr 10:28, 11:7, Ez 19:5, 37:11, Jb 8:13; so תַּאֲוָה Ps 112:10 (i.e. comes to naught); תּוֹחֶלֶת Pr 11:7, sq. מִן + agent La 3:18; עֵחָה + תּוֹרָה sq. מן + persons negligent Je 18:18, Ez 7:26, cf. Je 49:7; esp. מָנוֹס מִן־ א׳ (i.e. they could not escape) Am. 2:14, Je 25:35, Jb 11:20, Ps 142:5.

3. be lost, strayed, asses 1 S 9:3, 9:20; sheep Je 50:6, Ez 34:4, 34:16, Ps 119:176 (fig. of erring men); perh. Dt 26:5. Pi. caus. of Qal.—Pf. אִבַּד 2 K 21:3 + 2 t.; sf. וְאִבֶּדְךָ Co Ez 28:16 cf. infr.; אִבַּדְתִּי Je 15:7; וְאִבַּדְתִּ֫י Ez 6:3 (LXX Co וְאָֽבְּדוּ) etc.; Impf. יְאַבֵּד Ec 9:18; וִיאַבֵּד Ec 7:7, Zp 2:13; 1 S. sf. וָאַבֶּדְךָ Ez 28:16 (for וָאֲאַבּ׳ Ew:§ 72 c Ol:§ 79 a Kö I:338 Ges:§ 68 fin; but Co 3 ms.; v. also Co 38:14); תְּאַבְּדוּן Dt 12:2 etc.; Inf. abs. Dt 12:2 + 3 t.; cstr. id. Ez 22:27 + etc.; Pt. מְאַבְּדִים Je 23:1. 1. cause to perish, destroy, kill, obj. pers. (mostly late) 2 K 11:1, Est 3:9, 4:7, 8:5, 9:24; ‖הרג 9:6, 9:12; ‖הרג + השׁמיד 3:13, 7:4, 8:11; ‖המם 9:24; cf. Ps 119:95; obj. נְפָשׁוֹת Ez 22:17 (del. LXX Co); in judgment, subj. י׳ Ps 5:7; cf. Pr 1:32; sq. מִתּוֹח Ez 28:16; obj. a people 2 K 13:7, 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19; Jb 12:13; in judgment Dt 11:4, Je 12:17, 15:7, Zp 2:13, Ps 9:6 cf. 21:11; obj. inanimate things esp. idols, bamôth etc., Nu. 33:52, 33:52; (J) Dt 12:2, 12:2, 2 K 21:3, Ez 6:3 (but cf. LXX Co supr.); bars of Zion La 2:9 (‖שִׁבַּר). 2. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with names of idols Dt 12:3; voice of Babylon Je 51:55; memory of dead Is 26:14; substance Pr 29:3; understanding Ec 7:7; good (טוֹבָה q.v.) Ec 9:18. 3. cause to stray, lose; obj. Isr. under fig. of flock Je 23:1 (‖הֵפִיץ); abs. Ec 3:6 (‖בִּקֵּשׁ).

Hiph. Pf. וְהֶאֱבִּיד Nu 24:19; הֶאֱבַָדְתָּ Jb 14:19 etc.; Impf. אֹבִידָה Je 46:8 (Ges:§ 68, 2 R. 1). Inf. cstr. הַאֲבִיד 2 K 10:19 + etc.; Pt. מַאֲבִיד Dt 8:20. 1. destroy, put to death, in judgment, (subj. י׳) obj. pers. Lv 23:30 (sq. מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּהּ; ‖כָּרַת v:29); Je 49:38 (sq. מִשָּׁם); Ob:8 (sq. מֵאֱדוֹם); obj. nation, Ammon Ez 25:7 (sq. מן־הארחות; ‖כָּרַת), cf. v:16; Canaanites Dt 8:20 (sq. מִפְּנֵיכֶם); Canaan = Philistines Zp 2:5 (‖כָּרַת); esp. Isr. Dt 28:51, 28:63 (‖הִשְׁמִיד), cf. Js 7:7; also abs. Je 18:7 (‖לִנְתוֹשׁ וְלִנְתוֹץ); = 1:10 (+ וְלַהֲרוֹס) = 31:28 (+ וּלְהָרֵעַ); animals Ez 32:13 (sq. מֵעַל מַיִם רַבִּים); cf. Dt 7:10; Ps 143:12 (‖הִחְמִית); (human subj.), obj. servants of Baal 2 K 10:19, obj. nation Dt 9:3, cf. Nu 24:19 (E; sq. מֵעִיר); 2 K 24:2; cf. Je 46:8; obj. inanimate, chariots Mi 5:9; idols Ez 30:13 (del. BCo). 2. fig., obj. name of kings Dt 7:24 (sq. מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם); hope Jb 14:19; voice of mirth etc. Je 25:10 (cf. 51:55 Pi. supr.)

2

אֹבֵד n.[m.] destruction, עֲדֵי א׳ Nu 24:20, 24:24 (JE; on form with abstract sense v. Ba:NB 149).

אֲבֵדָה n.f. a lost thing—abs. exc. Dt 22:3 cstr. אֲבֵדַתEx 22:8; with מָחָא Lv 5:22, 5:23; with אָבַד + מָחָא Dt 22:3; —(אבדה Pr 27:20 Kt cf. אֲבַדּוֹ infr.)

אֲבַדֹּה, אֲבַדּוֹ cf. אבדון infr.

אַבְדָָן, & אָבְדַן (cstr.) n.[m.] destruction (Syr. ܐܰܒܕܳܢܳܐ) Est 9:5 (מַכַּת־חֶרֶב וְהֶרֶג וְא׳), 8:6; (on form v. BeRy; Ol:§ 215 b. 1 Ba:NB 49, 487).

אֲבַדּוֹן n.f.:? Pr 27:20 abstr. nearly = n.pr. (place of) Destruction, Ruin, ’Abaddon (cf. ܐܰܒܕܳܢܳܐ SyrVer Jb 28:32 etc.)—אֲבַדּוֹן Jb 26:6 (+ 4 t.); abbrev. אבדה Kt אֲבַדּוֹ Qr † Pr 27:20.—Place of ruin in Shₑ’ôl for lost or ruined dead, as development of earlier distinction of condition in Shₑ’ôl (v. שְׁאוֹל). Only in WisdLt; Jb 31:12; ‖שׁאול Jb 26:6, Pr 15:11 27:20; ‖מות Jb 28:22; ‖קבר Ps 88:12.

† I. אָבָה vb. be willing, consent (cf. As. abîtu, command, Dl:W, Eth. أَبَيَ refuse, Ar. أَبَي, id., Nejd be willing So:De Jes 3, p. 26; LCB 1880, 817)—Qal (c. לאֹ, אַל exc. Is 1:19, Jb 39:9; in Hex. rare & only JED, incl. Lv 26:21); Pf. אָבָה Ex 10:27 + אָבוּ Ju 19:25 + 7 t.; אָבוּא Is 28:l2 (Sta:§ 31 R. 2; Kö:1, 414); Impf. יֹאבֶה Dt 29:19 + 2 t.; 2 ms. juss. תֹּבֵא Pr 1:10 (Sta:§ 143 e 1 fin; Kö:1, 576 f) etc.; Pt. אֹבִים Ez 3:7; —be willing, sq. Inf. with ל Ex 10:27 + 29 t.; without ל Dt 2:30 + 8 t.; subj. י׳ Dt 10:10, 23:6, 29:19, Jos 24:10, 2 K 8:19, 13:23, 24:4, 2 Ch 21:7; human subj. Gn 24:5, 24:8, Ju 19:10, 2 S 2:21, 13:25, 14:29, 14:29, 23:16, 23:17 = 1 Ch 11:18, 11:19, 1 Ch 19:19; in bad sense Ex 10:27, Dt 2:30, 25:7, Ju. 19:25, 20:13, 2 S 13:14, 13:16; esp. of perverse Isr. Lv 26:21, Dt 1:26, 1 S 15:9, Is 28:12, 30:9, 42:24, Ez 3:7, 3:7, 20:8; subj. animal, רֵים Jb 39:9; abs. (no Inf.) 2 S 12:17, 1 K 20:8, 22:50; cf. Pr 6:35, of jealous man; bad sense Ju 11:17, Is 30:15; good sense 1 S 22:17, 26:23, 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4, 2 S 6:10, Pr 1:10; + vb. fin. Is 1:19 (אִם תּאֹבוּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּם); consent, yield to, sq. לוֹ Dt 13:9 (good sense); sq. לִי Ps 81:12; sq. לַעֲחָתִי Pr 1:30; sq. acc. תּוֹכַחְתִּי v:25 (all in bad sense).

אֶבְיוֹן adj. in want, needy, poor,—so, alw. abs., Dt 15:4 + 40 t; אֶבְיֹנְךָ Ex 23:6, Dt 15:11; אֶבְיוֹנִים Am 4:1 + 14 t.; אֶבְיוֹנֵי (אֶבְיֹנֵי) Ex 23:11, Is 29:19; אֶבְיוֹנֶיהָ Ps 132:15—(Hex. only JED; mostly poet., 23 t. Psalm) needy, chiefly poor (in material things); as adj. Dt 15:7, 15:7, 15:9; 24:14, Ps 109:16 (both ‖עָנִי); elsewhere subst.; Ps 49:3 (‖עָשִׁיר); Dt 15:4, 15:11; subj. to oppression & abuse Am 2:6, 5:12 (both ‖חַדִּיק) 4:1, 8:6 (all ‖דַּל) Is 32:7; Am 8:4, Ez 16:49, 18:12, 22:29, Ps 37:14, Jb 24:4, 24:14, Pr 30:14—cf. Ps 109:16 supr.—(all ‖עָנִי) Je 5:28 (‖יָתוֹם) 2:34; cared for by good Jb 29:16 30:25 (‖קְשֵׁה־יוֹם) 31:19 Ps 112:9, Est 9:22; Pr 14:31 (‖דַּל) 31:20, Je 22:16 (‖עָנִי); care of them enjoined, negatively Ex 23:6; —cf. Dt 24:14 supr.—positively Ex 23:11, Dt 15:11, Pr 31:9 (both ‖עָנִי)—cf. Dt 15:7, 15:7, 15:9 supr.—Ps 82:4 (‖דַּל); cared for by God Je 20:13, Ps 107:41, 132:15, Jb 5:15; 1 S 2:8 = Ps 113:7, Is 14:30 (all ‖דַּל) Ps 35:10 140:13 (both ‖עָנִי), cf. Davidic king Ps 72:12 (‖עָנִי) = v:4 בְּנֵי אֶבְ׳ (‖ id.), v:13, v:13 (‖דַּל); needing help, deliverance from trouble, esp. as delivered by God Ps 9:19, 12:6, 40:18 = 70:6, 74:21, 86:1, 109:22, Is 29:19, 41:17 (all ‖עָנִי) Is 25:4 (‖דַּל) Ps 69:34, 109:31.

אֲבִיּוֹנָה n.f. caper-berry (as stimulating desire) Ec 12:5 (v. GFM:JBL 1891, 55 ff.; so LXX Vulgate, Mish. אביונות, cf. NHWB; v. also SyrVer; i.e. capparis spinosa, cf. Ri:HWB; so Thes, Ew De, etc.; but Wetzst in De (Germ. ed. 1875) proposes אֶבְיוֹנָה (as fem. of אביון) the poor soul in sense = נִשְׁמָתוֹ הָאֶבְיוֹנָה cf. Symm SyrVer, where double translation).

3

אֵ֫בֶה n.[m.] reed, papyrus (etymology uncertain; = Ar. أَبَاُ, As. abu Dl:W, AGl) אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶָה Jb 9:26 (craft made of reeds, light & swift, Heliod.:Aethiop. X, 460) = כְּלֵי־גֹמֶא Is 18:2.

II. אבה (perh. at least formally justified as stem of אָב (cstr. אֲבִי), so Thes (cf. infr.), but existence & mng. wholly dub.; as real √ Ba:ZMG 1887, 609 ff. Ol:§ 123 c; acc. to Dl:W p. 22 אבה As. abû = decide, אָב = he who decides; Thes (so RobGes Nö:ZMG xl, 737 & cf. Sta:§ 186 al.) makes אָב nom. prim. bilit., imitating infant's speech cf. πάππας, pappa, papa (cf. Ew:§ 106 a); also As. bab Jen:ZA 1886, 404).

אָב:1191 n.m. father (Ph. אב, As. abu, Ar. أَبُّ, Sab. אב CIS:iv, 1.37 1.2 al., Eth. أَب Aram. אַבָּא, ܐܰܒܳܐ—abs. אָב Gn 44:19 + 47 t.; cstr. אַב Gn 17:4, 17:5; (cf. in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewh. in n.pr. On Hal's prop. אֲבִר v. אברהם); אֲבִי (cf. Ge:§§ 90, 3b, 96) Gn4:20 +; sf. אָבִי Gn 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gn 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gn 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Ju 14:10 + 6t.; pl. אָבוֹת Ex 12:3 +; cstr. אֲבוֹת Ex 6:25 + 7 t.; sf. אֲבוֹתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֹתָָי) Gn 47:9 + 15 t.; אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם 1 Ch 4:38 + 32 t. (late); אֲבוֹתָם Ex 4:5 + 106 t. etc.;—

1. father of individual Gn 2:24 (+ אֵם) 11:28, 11:29, 11:29; 19:31, 19:32, 19:33, + oft. (mostly JED); of father as commanding Gn 50:16 (J) Je 35:6 f, Pr 6:20 (cf. Gn 18:19, J 28:1, 28:6 P 1 S 17:20, 1 K 2:1); instructing מוסר Pr 1:8, 4:1 (cf. Dt 8:5); specif. as begetter, genitor Pr 23:22, Zc 13:3, 13:3 (+ אֵם) Is 45:10; cf. Gn 49:4 (J) Lv 18:7, 18:8, 18:11 (P); rebuking Gn 37:10; loving Gn 37:4, 44:20 (JE; cf. 22:2, 25:28, 37:3, 2 S 14:1); pitying Ps 103:13 (in sim. cf. 2 S 18:5); blessing Gn 27:41 (JE cf. 27:4 also 28:1 P +); as glad Pr 10:1, 15:20 cf. 29:3; grieving Gn 37:35 (JE; cf. 2 S 12:22, 19:1, 19:2 f) etc. Also as obj. of honour, obedience, love Ex 20:12 (E) = Dt 5:16; Ex 21:15, 21:17 (E) Dt 21:18, 21:19, Gn 28:7 (P) 1 K 19:20 (all + אֵם), 50:1, 50:5 (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaph. of intimate connection Jb 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (‖אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).

2. of God as father of his people (v. RS:Sem 42), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Dt 32:6, Je 3:4, 3:19, 31:9, Is 63:16, 63:16, 64:7, Mal 1:6, 2:10 (cf. Ex 4:22, 19:4 (JE) Dt 32:11, Ho 11:1); cf. Je 2:27 (of idolatr. Isr.) :אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַמְּ ילדתני; esp. God as father of Davidic line 2 S 7:14, Ps 89:27; f. of needy (late) Ps 68:6 (cf. 103:13) (in n.pr., f. of individ., cf. infr.)

3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gn 38:11, 38:11, Lv 22:13 +; = family Gn 24:40 (‖מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי) 41:51, 46:31 + cf. Nu 18:1, 18:2, Jos 2:12, 2:18, 6:25; esp. techn. of divisions of Isr. בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֹת Nu 3:30, 3:35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan; more oft. pl. (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֹת = father's houses = families, clans (cf. Di on Ex 6:14) Ex 6:14, 12:3, Nu 1:2, 1:18 ff (oft. in Nu) Jos 14:1, 19:51, 21:1, 21:1, 22:14, 22:14 (always P in Hex.); also 1 Ch 5:13, 5:15 + oft. in Ch; cf. רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= בית א׳ ר׳) Ex 6:25 cf. 1 K 8:1, 1 Ch 6:4, 7:11 + oft. Ch Ezr Ne.

4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gn 28:13, 32:10 (J; where used by Jacob of Abr. & then of Isaac); greatgr. 1 K 15:13; great-greatgr. 1 K 15:11 etc.; oft pl. (= fathers, forefathers) Gn 15:15, 46:34 (JE) 1 K 19:4, 21:3, 21:4, 2 K 19:12, 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1 K 1:21, 2:10, 11:21, 22:40 +; joined with ויקבר עם אב׳ 1 K 14:31, 15:24, 22:51, 2 K 8:24, 15:38 cf. v:7, 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intens., אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֹת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Ex 10:6 cf. Dn 11:24; (b) of people Gn 10:21 (J) 17:4, 17:5 (P) 19:37, 19:38 (J) 36:9, 36:43 (P) Dt 26:5, Is 51:2, 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, v. Che) cf. also Ez 16:3, 16:45 + oft.; pl. Ex 3:13, 3:15, 3:16 (E) Dt 1:8, Jos 1:6, Ju 2:1, 1 S 12:6 +; 1 S 12:15 ad fin rd. וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם LXX We Dr.

5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gn 4:20, 4:21.

6. fig. of producer, generator Jb 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָָב (‖מִי־ :הוֹלִיד אֶגְלֵי־טָֽל).

7. fig. of benevolence & protection Jb 29:6 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִים, cf. 31:18; of Eliakim Is 22:21; perh. also of gracious Mess. king אֲבִי עַד Is 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di)—others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue Br:MP).

8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); appl. to master 2 K 5:13; priest Ju 17:10, 18:19; prophet 2 K 2:12, 2:12, 6:21, 13:14, 13:14 cf. 8:9; counsellor Gn 45:8 (E; cf. δευτέρου πατρός LXX add. Est 3:13; τῷ πατρί 1 Mac 11:32); king 1 S 24:12; artificer 2 Ch 2:12, 4:16.

9. specif., ruler, chief (late) 1 Ch 2:24, 2:42, 2:42; etc. (cf. Ew:§ 273 b).

אֲבִי־עַלְבוֹן n.pr.m. a hero of David 2 S 23:31 rd. אֲבִיאֵל so LXX 1 Ch 11:32, cf. Dr:S (We:S אבי־בעל (v. sub אביאל); otherwise Klo:S.

אֲבִיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl is (my) father, cf. אביהו & Ph. אבבעל (fem.), also אביבעל; & אבנבעל our father etc.; Abi-ba&atO;’al KAT:2 355; v. RS:Sem 45. Nö:ZMG 1888, 480 makes אבי here, & in אביהו etc., cstr. but this seems unlikely; cf. also אליאב etc.; views differ much as to these n.pr. and uniform interpr. is impossible. Cf. in gen. Ol:§ 277 f).

1. Saul's grandfather 1 S 9:1, 14:51.

2. = foregoing, 1 Ch 11:32.

4

אֲבִיאָסָף n.pr.m. (my father has gathered) son (descendant) of Korah Ex 6:24, Sam. אביסף, so אֶבְיָסָף 1 Ch 6:8, 6:22, 9:19 (cf. Nes:Eg 185).

אֲבִיגַ֫יִל n.pr.f. (my father is joy (?) orig. אבגל ? (אֲבִגֵל ? cf. MT infr. & Nö:ZMG 1883, 537 Anm2).

1. wife of Nabal, then of David 1 S 25:14, 25:23, 25:39, 25:40, 25:42, 27:3, 30:5, 2 S 2:2, 1 Ch 3:1; = אֲבִגַיִל 1 S 25:3, 25:36 אֲבִו֯גַיִל v:18, אֲבִיגָלָ v:32, אֲבִיגַ֯לִ 2 S 3:3.

2. sister of David 1 Ch 2:16, 2:17 = אֲבִיגַל 2 S 17:25.

אֲבִידָן n.pr.m. (my father is judge) a prince of Benj. Nu 1:11, 2:22, 7:60, 7:65, 10:24.

אֲבִידָע n.pr.m. (my father took knowledge) a son of Midian Gn 25:4, 1 Ch 1:33. Cf. Sab. אבידע, Hal:MA 192, 202, also ידעאב, DHM:ZMG Õ’83, 399.

אֲבִיָּ֫הוּ n.pr.m. & f. (Yah(u) is (my) father)—so † 2 Ch 13:20, 13:21 = אֲבִיָּם1 K 14:31, 15:1, 15:7, 15:7, 15:8 (LXX ̓Αβιου, ̓Αβια); = אֲבִי2 K 18:2 (LXX ̓Αβου, ̓Αβουθ); = אֲבִיָּה 1 S 8:2 + 22 t.—

1. king of Judah, son & successor of Rehoboam 1 K 14:31, 15:1, 15:7, 15:7, 15:8, 1 Ch 3:10, 2 Ch 11:20, 11:22, 12:16, 13:1, 13:2, 13:3, 13:4, 13:15, 13:17, 13:19, 13:20, 13:21, 13:22, 13:23.

2. 2nd son of Samuel 1 S 8:2, 1 Ch 6:13.

3. son of Jerob. I 1 K 14:1.

4. son of Becher, a Benjamite 1 Ch 7:8.

5. head of a priestly house 1 Ch 24:10.

6. id. Ne 10:8, 12:4, 12:17.

7. wife of Hezron 1 Ch 2:24.

8. mother of Hezekiah 2 K 18:2, 2 Ch 29:1.

אֲבִיהוּא n.pr.m. (he is father) a son of Aaron Ex 6:23, 24:1, 24:9, 28:1, Lv 10:1 + 7 t.

אֲבִיהוּד n.pr.m. (my father is majesty, cf. הוֹד, עַמִּיהוּד) son of Bela, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:3.

אֲבִיחַ֫יִל n.pr.m. & f. (my father is might, Sab. אבחיל Hal:MA 234)—prob. = אֲבִיהַיִל 2 Ch 11:18, אֲבִיהָָיִל 1 Ch 2:29

1. a Levite Nu 3:25.

2. a Gadite 1 Ch 5:14.

3. father of Esther Est 2:15, 9:29.

4. wife of Abishur 1 Ch 2:29.

5. wife of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:18.

אֲבִיטוּב n.pr.m (my father is goodness) son of Shaharaim, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:11.

אֲבִיטָָל n.pr.f. (my father is (the) dew) a wife of David 2 S 3:4, 1 Ch 3:3.

אֲבִימָאֵל n.pr.m. (a father is Ēl; South-Arab. name) son of Joktan Gn 10:28, 1 Ch 1:22. Cf. Sab. אבמעתַתר, Abmi ï‘Aṯtar a father is ï‘Aṯtar ([עשׁתר] v. עַשְׁתֹּרֶת) Hal:M 86, DHM:ZMG 1883, 18.

אֲבִימֶ֫לֶךְ n.pr.m. (Melek (= Malik, Molech) is father)—אֲבִימֶָלֶךְ Gn 20:18 +—

1. king of Gerar Gn 20:2, 20:3, 20:4 +, 21:22, 21:25, 21:25 +, 26:1, 26:8 + (24 t. Gn). †

2. king of Gath Ps 34:1 err. for אָכִישׁ, cf. 1 S 21:11 f;—a better known Philist. name substituted for a less known (Hup:3). > Others (Thes Ol De MV) think a title of Philist. kings, cf. Pharaoh.

3. son of Gideon Ju 8:31, 9:1, 9:3, 9:4 +, 10:1 (40 t. Ju), 2 S 11:21. †

4. priest, son of Abiathar 1 Ch 18:16 err. for אֲחִימֶלֶח q.v. (Sab. also n.pr.f. Osiander:ZMG 1865, 209).

אֲבִינָדָב n.pr.m. (my father is noble)

1. a man of Gibeah in whose house the ark tarried 1 S 7:1, 2 S 6:3, 6:3, 6:4, 1 Ch 13:7.

2. a son of Jesse 1 S 16:8, 17:13, 1 K 4:11 (? perh. otherwise unknown; Klo prop. אֲבִינֵר בְּ).

3. a son of Saul 1 S 31:2, 1 Ch 8:33, 9:39, 10:2.

אֲבִי֫נֹ֫עַם n.pr.m. (my father is delight) father of Barak Ju 4:6, 4:12, 5:1, 5:12.

אֲבִינֵר n.pr.m. (my father is Nêr, or is a lamp cf. 2 S 21:17; acc. to Lag:BN 75 = אֲבֶן (= בֶּן) + נֵר = son of Ner; cf. LXX ̓Αβεννηρ)—so only 1 S 14:50, elsewh. אַבְנֵר—cousin of Saul, and captain of his host 1 S 14:50, 14:51, 17:55, 17:55, 17:55 + 52 t. 1 & 2 S + 1 K 2:5, 2:32, 1 Ch 26:28, 27:21.

אֲבִיעֶ֫זֶר n.pr.m. (my father is help)—= אִיעֶזֶר Nu 26:30

1. a Manassite, called ‘ son ’ of Gilead Nu 26:30 (cf. Di) Jos 17:2 Ju 6:34, 8:2; and son of Gil.'s sister 1 Ch 7:18.

2. a Benjamite, a warrior of David 2 S 23:27, 1 Ch 11:28, 27:12.

אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי adj.gent. Abiezrite Ju 6:11, 6:24, 8:32 = אִיעֶזְרִי Nu 26:30.

אֲבִירָם n.pr.m. ((the) Exalted One is (my) father (v. Bae:Rel 156) cf. As. Aburamu (?) KAT:2 479 cf. Dl:L2, p. 91, 1. 225).

1. a Reubenite, son of Eliab Nu 16:1, 16:12, 16:24, 16:25, 16:27, 16:27, 26:9, Dt 11:6, Ps 106:17.

2. son of Hiel the Bethelite 1 K 16:34. Cf. also following.

אַבְרָם n.pr.m. (id., Thes al. exalted father) Abram Gn 11:26, 11:27 + 57 t. Gn (to 17:5) + 1 Ch 1:27, Ne 9:7; = אַבְרָהָם Abraham Gn 17:5, 17:9, 17:15 + 172 t. OT. (אברהם connected Gn 17:5 by word-play with הם of המון; really = אברםרום = רהם which however is not found in Heb.—cf. Di > Hal RÉJ:1887, 177 f who prop. אֲבִר הַם גּוֹיִם cf. Gn 49:21 with Is 41:21; so that אֲבִר הָם chief of multi-tude is the new name of Gn 17:5 (הָם) √ המה).

אֲבִישַׁג n.pr.f. (my father is a wanderer (שׁגג) ?) a handmaid of David 1 K 1:3, 1:15, 2:17, 2:21, 2:22.

אֲבִישׁוּעַ n.pr.m. (my father is rescue, or is opulence (cf. שׁוֹעַ rich Jb 34:19; also שׁוּעַ Jb 36:19 ? but v. שׁוע); Lag:BN 75 thinks fr. אֲבֶן (= בֶּן) + שׁוע cf. LXX ̓Αβεσσουε 1 Ch 8:4)

1. a son of Phinehas 1 Ch 5:30, 5:31, 6:35, Ezr 7:5.

2. a Benjamite, son of Bela 1 Ch 8:4.

אֲבִישׁוּר n.pr.m. (my father is a wall, Sab. אבשור Hal:MA 148, cf. As. Abudûru Dl:Pr 202) son of Shammai 1 Ch 2:28, 2:29.

5

אֲבִישַׁי n.pr.m. (my father is Jesse; Lag:BN 75 thinks fr. אֲבֶן (= בֶּן + ישׁי cf. LXX ̓Αβεσσα[ι] 1 S 26:6)—א׳ 1 S 26:6, 26:6 + 17 t. 1 & 2 S = אַבְשַׁי 2 S 10:10 + 5 t. 1 Ch.—grandson of Jesse; son of Zeruiah & brother of Joab 1 S 26:6, 26:6, 26:7, 26:8, 26:9, 2 S 2:18, 2:24 + 20:6 (where rd. יואב SyrVer Th We Dr) + 12 t. 2 S + 20:7 (where insert אבישׁי LXX We Dr) + 5 t. 1 Ch.

אֲבִישָׁלוֹם n.pr.m. (my father is peace; acc. to Lag:BN 75 = אֲבֶן (בֶּן) + שָׁלֽם, cf. LXX ̓Αβεσσαλωμ)—א׳1 K 15:2, 15:10 = אַבְשָׁלוֹם 2 S 3:3 +, 2 Ch 11:20, 11:21, אַבְשָׁלֽם 2 S 13:14 +—

1. Rehob.'s father-in-law † 1 K 15:2, 15:10, 2 Ch 11:20, 11:21.

2. 3rd son of Dvd 2 S 3:3, 13:1 + 90 t. 2 S (insert 2 S 13:27 LXX Th We cf. Dr; del. v:38 Dr cf. We), + † 1 K 1:6 2:7, 2:28, 1 Ch 3:2, Ps 3:1.

אֶבְיָתָר n.pr.m. (the Great One is father (?) so Bä:Rel. 156, cf. Sab. ותר) a priest, son of Ahimelech 1 S 22:20, 22:21, 22:22, 23:6, 23:9, 30:7, 30:7, 2 S 8:17 (rd. בן־אחמלך אב׳ so SyrVer We Dr) + 22 t. 2 S, 1 K, 1 Ch.

אבוגיל Kt 2 S 25:18 v. אֲבִיגַיִל sub II. אבה.

אֲבוֹי interj. exclam. of pain, Oh ! Pr 23:29 (‖אוֹי woe !). Prob. akin to Syr. ܐܘܽܒܺܝܰܐ alas…! PS:53 (AW Ges less prob. as a subst. need from אָבָה, cf. אֶבְיוֹן).

אבח (Dl:BD Ez. x; Pr 75 comp. As. [abâḥu], torment, but dub.)

[אִבְחָה] n.f. cstr. אִבְחַת חֶרֶב Ez 21:20; Dl, as above, slaughter; but prob. error for טבחת (v. טבח) Ges Co; LXX σφάγια ῥομφαίας, cf. Targum.

אֲבַטִּיחִים v. בטח. p. 105

אָבִי v. ביה.

אֲבִי v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה. p. 4

אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי v. אֲבִיעֶזֶר sub II. אבה. p. 4

אֲבִיָּה v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה. p. 4

אֲבִיהַיִל v. אֲבִיחַיִל sub II. אבה. p. 4

אֶבְיוֹן, אֲבִיּוֹנָה v. I. אָבָה. p. 2

אֲבִיָּם v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה. p. 4

אֶבְיָסָף v. אֲבִיאָסָף sub II. אבה. p. 4

† [אָבַךְ] vb. turn (?) (cf. As. abâku Dl:w = הָפַח; Thes MV al. compare בוך) Hithp. וַיִּתְאַבְכוּ Is 9:17; roll, roll up, as volume of smoke (of Isr. under fig. of thickets of forest) v. De & cf. הִתִהַפֵּח Ju 7:3.

† I. אָבַל:39 vb. mourn (As. [abâlu] v. Dl:w)—Qal Pf. אָבַל Is 24:7 + 2 t. etc. Impf. 3 fs. תֶּאֱבַל Ho 4:3 + 3 t.—mourn, lament (poet. & higher style); abs., human subj. Jo 1:9, Am 8:8, 9:5, Is 19:8 (‖אנה ) cf. Jb 14:22 (subj. נַפְשׁוֹ); sq. על Ho 10:5; more oft. fig., inanim. subj., gates Is 3:26; land 24:4, 33:9, Ho 4:3, Jo 1:10, Je 4:28 (sq. על) 12:4, 23:10 cf. 12:11 (sq. על), יְהוּדָה 14:2 ; pastures Am 1:2. Hithp.Pf. הִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 15:35; Impf. יִתְאַבָָּל Ez 7:12, 7:27; וַיִּתְאַבֵּל Gn 37:34 + 3 t. etc.; Imv. fs. הִתְאַבְּלִי 2 S 14:2; Pt. מִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 16:1 + 2 t. etc.;—mourn (mostly prose) esp. for dead, sq. על Gn 37:34, 2 S 13:37, 14:2, 19:2בכה 2 Ch 35:24, cf. also Is 66:10 (over Jerusalem); abs. 1 Ch 7:22; cf. 2 S 14:2 play the mourner (where indic. by dress); over un-worthy Saul sq. אֶל 1 S 15:35, 16:1; over sin sq. על Ezr 10:6 cf. (abs.) Ne 8:9; judgment of י׳ Ex 33:4 abs. (indic. by dress), Nu 14:39, Ez 7:27 (del. B Co); sq. כִּי 1 S 6:19; calamity Ne 1:4, Ez 7:12 cf. Dn 10:2. Hiph. Pf. הֶאֱבַלְתִּי Ez 31:15; Impf. וַיַּאֲבֶל־ La 2:8; —cause to mourn; Ez 31:15 abs. MT, but A BCo obj. תהום sq. על, caused the deep to mourn over; La 2:8 obj. wall etc.; (both these fig., cf. Qal).

אֵ֫בֶל n.m.:Gn 50:11 mourning—abs. Gn 50:10 + 17 t.; cstr. 27:41 + 3 t.; אֶבְלֵךְ Is 60:20; אֶבְלָם Je 31:13—for dead, cstr. Gn 27:41, Dt 34:8 (‖בּכי) so יָחִיד א׳ sim. for grievous mourning Am 8:10, id. metaph. Je 6:26 (‖מִסְפַּד תַּמְרוּרִים); Gn 50:11, 50:11, Je 16:7 cf. 2 S 19:3 עשה א׳ Ez 24:17 (v. Co) sq. לְ Gn 50:10 (v. also II. אָבֵל ad fin.); for calamity, Est 4:3, 9:22 (‖יָגוֹן; contr. יוֹם טוֹב) Jb 30:31 (‖קול בכים Is 60:20, 61:3 (where appar. = mourning garb, sq. מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה, v. also Bi Che on txt.; ‖רוּחַ כֵּהָה; contr. שֶׁמֶן שָׂשׂוֹן); Je 31:13 (‖שׂשׂון), La 5:15 (‖מָחוֹל), Am 5:16 (‖מִסְפֵּד); cf. כִּבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה א׳ Mi 1:8; = time, period of mourning 2 S 11:7; בֵּית א׳ Ec 7:2 (‖בּ׳ מִשְׁתֶּה, v:4 (‖שִׂמְחָה בּ׳); בִּגְדֵי א׳ garments of mourning 2 S 14:2.

אֵבֶל מִחְרַיִם v. אָבֵל מ׳ sub II. אבל. p. 6

† I. אָבֵל adj. mourning—א׳ Gn 37:35, Est 6:12; cstr. אֲבֶל־ Ps 35:14; אֲבֵלִים Jb 29:25 Is 61:2 etc.;—for dead Gn 37:35, calamity Est 6:12, cf. fig. La 1:4 (pred., inanim. subj.), elsewhere as subst. mourner; sg. Ps 35:14 (cstr.) for dead (‖קדר); pl. Jb 29:25 abs.; for calamity Is 57:18, 61:2, 61:3 (where mourners for Zion, or of Zion, v. Di).

II. אבל (perh. أَبَلَ grow green, cf. ܝܺܒܶܠ grass; Lag:BN 45 prop. أَبَلَ withstand, hence אָבֵל as withstanding scorching sun (protected by trees, springs, etc.), hence also (Lag) إِبِلُ camel).

† II. אָבֵל n.f. 1. meadow (?) 1 S 6:18 MT but rd. אֶבֶן cf. v:14; v:15 LXX SyrVer We Dr. 2. n.pr.loc. city in N. Isr. 2 S 20:18, near Beth Maacah v:14 = אָבֵל בֵּית מַעֲכָה v:15 (so also v:14 Ew Th We Klo Dr), 1 K 15:20, 2 K 15:29; = מַיִם א׳ 2 Ch 16:4 (= Abil el Ḳamḥ, wheat-meadow NW. of Dan & S. of Mutulleh Rob:BR III, 372). 3. אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים n.pr.loc (= acacia-meadow) in lowlands of Moab Nu 33:49; = שִׁטִּים Nu 25:1, Mi 6:5 (= Tel Kefrein (?) Tristr & Merrill:PESoc. 4th Statement, 89). 4. אָבֵל כְּרָמִים n.pr.loc. (= vineyard-meadow) in Ammon Ju 11:33 (v. Euseb. ̓Αβελαμπελων). 5. אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה n.pr.loc. (= dance-meadow) Ju 7:22, 1 K 4:12; Elisha's birthplace 19:16 (v. Euseb. ̓Αβελμαελαι). 6. אָבֵל מִחְרַיִם n.pr.loc. (= meadow of Egypt, i.e. fertile as Egypt ?) E. of Jordan Gn 50:11 (where interpr. as if אֵבֶל מ׳, so LXX Vulgate; v. Di).

6

אֲבָל adv. 1. in older Heb. with an asseverative force, verily, of a truth Gn 42:21, 2 S 14:5, 1 K 1:43, 2 K 4:14, with a slight advers. force, nay, but Gn 17:19 (P). 2. in late Heb. as a decided adversative, howbeit, but Dn 10:7, 10:21, Ezr 10:13, 2 Ch 1:4, 19:3, 33:17 (cf. Ar. بَلْ of a truth, sometimes, from the context, nay rather Qor 2:82, 2:94, 2:110, 2:129, 2:149, 2:165, 2:261, 3:143, 4:52 etc.)

III. אבל (cf. Ar. أَبِلُ able to manage camels, fr. إِبِلُ, coll., Sab. אבל camel DHM:ZMG 1883, 329).

אוֹבִיל n.pr.m. (? camel-driver), overseer of David's camels 1 Ch 27:30.

אֻבָל, אוּבָל v. יבל. p. 385

אֶ֫בֶן:274 n.f.:Gn:29:2 (m.:1 S 17:40 ?) stone (As. abnu, = the sharp, projecting ? v.Dl:W, Pr 107; Ph. אבן; Aram. אֶבֶן, ܐܰܒܢܳܐ; Eth. ابن Sab. [ם]אבנ DHM:ZMG 1883, 341)—א׳ abs. Gn 28:22 +; אָָבֶן 11:3 +; cstr. 49:24 +; sf. אַבְנוֹ 2 K3:25; אֲבָנִים Gn 31:46 +, etc.;—a stone (large or small).

1. in natural state, used as pillow Gn 28:11, 28:18 (E); seat Ex 17:12 (E); cover of well Gn 29:2, 29:3, 29:3, 29:8, 29:10 (J); causing one to stumble Is 8:14; marring good ground 2 K 3:19, 3:25; hand-missle Ex 21:18 (JE) Nu 35:17, 35:23 (P) 2 S 16:6, 16:13, esp. in judicial stoning, with vb. רָגַם Lv 20:2, 20:27, 24:23, Nu 14:10, 15:35, 15:36, Jos 7:25 a (all P), so also Dt 21:21, 2 Ch 24:21, Ez 16:40, 23:47; cf. 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18; with vb. סָקַל Dt 13:11, 17:5, 22:21, 22:24, 1 K 21:13; also Jos 7:25 b (JE or D); sling-stones Ju 20:16, 1 S 17:40, 17:49, 17:49, 17:50, 2 Ch 26:14; hurled by engines 2 Ch 26:15; set up for inscribing law Dt 27:2, 27:4, 27:8, Jos 8:32 (all D); as memorial Jos 4:3, 4:5, 4:6, 4:7, 4:8, 4:9, 4:20, 4:21 (JED) 1 S 7:12; as sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gn 28:18, 35:14 (anointed with oil), 28:22 (= בֵּיתאֵל) cf. א׳ (רֹעֶה) יִשְׂרָאֵל Gn 49:24 (v. Di); as witness 31:45 cf. Jos 24:26, 24:27 (all JE); pl. gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Jos 7:26 (v. Di) 8:29 cf. 10:18, 10:27 (JE) 2 S 18:17; גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Gn 31:46, 31:46 (JE); built into altar Ex 20:25, Dt 27:5, 27:6 (JED) Jos 8:31, 1 K 18:31, 18:32, 18:38; cf. 2 K 23:15 LXX Klo (for הבמה); of figured stone (forbidden) מַשְׂכִּית א׳ Lv 26:1 (H) ;גדולה א׳ where ark rested 1 S 6:14, 6:15 also v:18 (MT אבל q.v.); (v. for other note-worthy stones 9. infr.

2. stone, as material, of tablets Ex 24:12, 31:18, 34:1 (pl.) v:4, v:4 (JE) Dt 4:13, 5:19, 9:9, 9:10, 9:11, 10:1, 10:3; of vessels, hence prob. Ex 7:19 (P; א׳ = vessels of stone ‖עחים) v. Di; idols (‖עץ) Dt 4:28, 28:36, 28:64, 29:16, 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19; also Je 3:9, Ez 20:32; pavement 2 K 16:17; edifice 1 K 6:7 cf. Gn 11:3; also 2 S 5:11, 2 K 12:13, 1 Ch 22:15; oft. pl. of (worked) stones Lv 14:40, 14:42, 14:42, 14:43, 14:45 (P; in wall of house) 2 K 22:6 +, cf. of city-wall Ne 3:35; of (ruined) city 1 K 15:22, Ne 3:34; tomb Is 14:19; אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת (costly building-stones) 1 K 5:31, 7:9, 7:10, 7:11 (v. also sub 3); אַבְנֵי־ שַׁיִשׁ = marble (v. LXX) 1 Ch 29:2; אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1 K 5:31, 1 Ch 22:2, Ez 40:42 (for altar-tables),—cf. גָּזִית; מַחְחֵב א׳ 2 K 12:13, 22:6, 2 Ch 34:11; foundation-stone, corner-stone Is 28:16, Je 51:26, Jb 38:6, Ps 118:22; cap-stone, completing the building, הָרִאשֹׁנָה הָא׳ Zc 4:7 (but v. רֹאשׁ פִּנָּה Ps 118:22 as above), Zc 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, prob. refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God's watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, v. Guthe:ZPV 1890, 129; stone-cutters חָרָשֵׁי א׳ 2 S 5:11, 1 Ch 22:15; חֹחְבֵי הָא׳ 2 K 12:13 cf. 1 Ch 22:2.

3. precious stones, gen. with modifying word יְקָרָה א׳ coll. 2 S 12:30, 1 K 10:2 + oft. (v. 2); הַשֹּׁהַם א׳ Gn 2:12 (J) cf. Ex 25:7, 28:9, 35:9, 35:27, 39:6 (P) 1 Ch 29:2; מִלֻּאִים א׳ Ex 25:7, 35:9, 35:27 cf. 1 Ch 29:2; סַפִּיר א׳ Ez 1:26, 10:1; אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Is 54:12; חֵפֶץ א׳ ib.; אַבְנֵי פוּח וְרִקְמָה 1 Ch 29:2; חֵן א׳ Pr 17:8; on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ez 28:14, 28:16 as precious stones = As. aban išâti (?) v. Dl:Pa 118 & W 40; but Sm al. thunderbolts; also without distinctive modifier Ex 25:7, 35:9; חָרַשׁ א׳ engraver in stone Ex 28:11 cf. 31:5, 35:33 (P). †

4. stones containing metal, = ore, Dt 8:9 (v. Di) Jb 28:2 cf. v:3. †

5. a weight, orig. stone (v. Pr 27:3 cf. Eng. weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵי־כִיס Pr 16:11 (cf. As. Dl:W 38); הַמֶּלֶח א׳ 2 S 14:26 (i.e. acc. to royal standard; cf. COT:Gn 23:16); וָא׳ א׳ Dt 25:13, Pr 20:10, 20:23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use); כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Mi 6:11; just weights אַבְנֵי־חֶדֶק Lv 19:36; שְׁלֵמָה א׳ Pr 11:1; hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zc 5:8. †

6. plummet Is 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, cf. on sense 2 K 21:13, Am 7:7, 7:8); also made of metal הַבְּדִּיל הא׳ Zc 4:10 (conversely plummet fr. plumbum). †

7. objects like stones; partic. hail, explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Jos 10:11 cf. Is 30:30; אֶלְגָּבִישׁ א׳ Ez 13:11, 13:18, 38:22; but also אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלוֹת Jos 10:11 (E) (cf. As. Dl:W 38); lime-stones אַבְנֵי־גִר Is 27:9.

8. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water Ex 15:5 = Ne 9:11; motionlessness Ex 15:16; strength Jb 6:12; firmness 41:16; solidity (of ice) 38:30; in prose, of commonness 1 K 10:27, 2 Ch 1:15; also metaph. of one in fear 1 S 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, cf. Ex 15:16 supr.); לֵב הָא׳ = perverse, hard heart Ez 11:19, 36:26; אַבְנֵי־נֵזֶר Zc 9:16 (of ransomed Isr.)—א׳ personif. Hb 2:11 cf. v:19; cf. Ez 13:11 (v. 7 supr.) †

9. In topogr. terms (nearly = n.pr.); אֶבֶן בֹּהַן not foundJo 15:6, not found18:17; הָעֶזֶר א׳ 1 S 5:1 cf. 7:12, also 4:1 (We Dr); הָא׳ הָאָָזֶל 1 S 20:19, rd. הָאַרְגָּב הַלָּאז v. LXX here & v:41 (We Dr Klo); הַזֹּחֶלֶת א׳ 1 K 1:9 (where We:Skizzen III, 171 comp. Ar. Zuhal = Saturn).

7

† [אֹבֶן] n.[m.] wheel, disc.—Du. הָאָבְנָ֑יִם

1. potter's wheel Je 18:3 (two discs revolving one above the other; name from likeness to mill-stones; v. AW:18).

2. עַל־הָא׳ Ex 1:16 prob. = sella parturientis, = δίφροι λοχειαῖοι bearing-stool, midwife's stool (fr. likeness to potter's wheel; on custom of labor upon stool v. Ploss:Das Weib, 2nd ed. ii, 35, 179 etc. & Cesnola Coll. fr. Cyprus, Metrop. Mus., N. York, No. 614, terra cotta fig. fr. 4th or 5th cent. B.C.; Descriptive Atlas of Cesn. Coll.:l, pl. lxvi. No. 435; cf. W. H. W[ard]:PESoc. 2nd Statement 1873, p. 76).

אבנה Kt 2 K 5:12 v. אֲמָנָה.

אַבְנֵט v. בנט. p. 126

אַבְנֵר v. אֲבִינֵר sub II. אָבָה. p. 4

† [אָבַס] vb. feed, fatten (Mish. id.; ? As. [abâsu] Dl:W46) Qal Pt. pass. fattened, אָבוּס of ox Pr 15:17; אֲבוּסִים of fowl 1 K 5:3.

אֵבוּס n.m.:Pr 14:4 crib (= feeding-trough, on form v. Ges:§ 84 a 12. R.) of ass Is 1:3 (cstr.); oxen Pr 14:4 (abs.); אִם־יָלִין עַל־אֲבוֶּסָךָ Jb 39:9 (of wild-ox).

† [מַאֲבוּס] n.[m.] granary (= place of fodder; ? As. bit abûsâti Dl:W 46) pl. sf. מַאֲבֻסֶיהָ Je 50:26.

אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת v. בוע. p. 101

אבץ (meaning unknown).

† [אֶ֫בֶץ] n.pr.loc. city in Issachar, אָָבֶץ Jos 19:20.

אִבְחָן n.pr.m. judge of Isr. Ju 12:8, 12:10 (Lag:GN 1891, 19 בֶן חָן(אֲ), LXX ̓Αβεσσαν, SyrVer ܐܰܒܝܨܳܢ).

אבק (Ar. أَبَقَ run away (cf. Lag:BN 51)).

אָבָק n.m.:Ez 26:10 dust—א׳ Dt 28:24 + 3 t.; cstr. אֲבַק Na 1:3; sf. אֲבָקָם Ez 26:10dust (? fleeing, flying; syn. עָפָר = oft. dust lying on or composing ground) Ex 9:9, Ez 26:10, Dt 28:24 (‖עָפָר) Is 5:24 (‖מָק) 29:5 (‖מֹץ); fig. of clouds under Yahweh's feet Na 1:3.

† [אֲבָקָה or אַבְקָה] n.f. prob. coll., cstr. אַבְקַת רוֹכֵל Ct 3:6 powders of merchant = scent-powders. (On formation cf. Lag:BN 81.)

† [אָבַק] vb. denom. Niph. wrestle (= get dusty, cf. κόνις, κονίω, v. also Str:Pirke Aboth, 1, 4 מִתְאַבֵּק בַּעֲפַר רַגְלֵיהֶם = sit at their feet; others, e.g. Di, comp. חבק). וַיֵּאָבֵק עִם Gn 32:25; Inf. sf. בְּהֵאָֽבְקוֹ עִם v:26.

אבר (cf. As. abâru, be firm, strong Dl:W).

אֵ֫בֶר n.[m.] pinions (fr. strength, poet. & fig., pl. in sense) as of dove Ps 55:7; eagle Is 40:31; אֶרֶךְ הָא׳ of king of Babyl. under fig. of eagle Ez 17:3 (‖גְּדוֹל הַכְּנָפַיִם of broad, overshadowing wings).

אֶבְרָה n.f. pinion (nom. unit., poet.) of ostrich Jb 39:13; אֶבְרָתוֹ of eagle, sim. for י׳ Dt 32:11; metaph. of י׳ Ps 91:4; אֶבְרוֹתֶיהָ of dove Ps 68:14; (all ‖כּנף).

† [אָבַר vb. denom. Hiph. fly (= move pinions); of hawk יַאֲבֶר־נֵץ Jb 39:29.

† [אָבִיר adj. strong; alw. = subst. the Strong, old name for God (poet.); only cstr. in אֲבִיר יַעֲקֹב Gn 49:24 & thence Ps 132:2, 132:5, Is 49:26, 60:16; יִשְׂרָאֵל א׳ Is 1:24 (cf. Che crit. n.)—Ba:NB 51 assigns this cstr. to אַבִּיר.

אַבִּיר adj. mighty, valiant—א׳ Jb 34:20 + Is 10:13 Kt (Qr כַּבִּיר); cstr. id. 1 S 21:8; pl. אַכִּירִים Jb 24:22 +;—mighty (alw. = subst. & poet. exc. 1 S 21:8).

1. men Ju 5:22, Jb 24:22 (= violent) 34:20, Je 46:15, 1 S 21:8 (rd. הָרָחִים א׳ Gr Dr, cf. 22:17; but Lag:Probebibel אֹבִיל הָעֲיָרִים v. Id.:BN 45; Klo גִּבּוֹר), La 1:15; אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout of heart Is 46:12 (= obstinate) Ps 76:6.

2. angels Ps 78:25 (cf. 103:20).

3. animals; bull, sim. of king of Assyr. Is 10:13 (rd. כְּאַבִּיר & v. Di); elsewh. pl.; metaph. for enemies אַבִּירֵי בָשָׁן) Ps 22:13 (‖פּרים); for princes Ps 68:31; for Edomites Is 34:7; hence even as sacrif. Ps 50:13 (‖עַתּוּדִים); of horses Je 8:16, 47:3, 50:11.

אַבְרָהָם v. אַבְרָם sub II. אבה. p. 4

אַבְרֵךְ proclaimed before Joseph Gn 41:43 (mng. dub.; many Egypt. deriv. proposed; e.g. a-bor-k, Copt. = prostrate thyself! Benfey:Verh. d. āg. Spr. z. Sem. 302 f; āprek, = head bowed ! Chabas:RA 1, —but ā = ע v. also Wiedemann:Altāg. Wörter 1883, 8; apreχ-u, head of the wise, Harkavy:Berl. āg. Zeltschr. 1869; ȧb-rek, rejoice thou ! Cook:Speaker's Comm. Gn. ad loc. and p. 482; Lepage Renouf:PSBA Nov. 1888, 5 f ȧb(u)-rek, thy command is our desire, i.e. we are at thy service; Say:Rel. Bab. 183 As. abrikku = Ak. abrik, vizier (unpub. tabl.), v. already Dl:W; L 134 c., 1. 11. 12 who cp. As. abarakku = title, perh. grand vizier; against Dl, v. COT & Nö:ZMG 1886, 734).

8

אַבְרָם, אַבְשַׁי v. אֲבִירָם, אֲבִישַׁי sub II. אבה. p. 5

אַבְשָׁלוֹם, אַבְשָׁלֽם v. אֲבִישָׁלוֹם sub II. אבה. p. 5

אגא (cf. Ar. أَجَأَ, flee Frey).

אָגֵא n.pr.m (fugitive ?) father of a hero of David 2 S 23:11 (ins. also 1 Ch 11:13 Dr:Sm).

אֲגָג, (אֲגַג Nu 24:7) n.pr.m (violent ? As. agâgu Dl:W) king of Amalek 1 S 15:8, 15:9, 15:20, 15:32, 15:32, 15:32, 15:33, also Nu 24:7 (E), as symbol of might; (Is א׳ then title ? v. Di).

אֲגָגִי adj.gent. of Haman (= Amalekite ? so Jew. trad. & cf. Jos:Ant. xi. 6. 5) Est 3:1, 3:10, 8:3, 8:5, 9:24.

אגד (bind, so Talm. אָגַד, Aram. אֲגַד).

אֲגֻדָּה n.f. band (Mishn. אֲגוּדָּה cf. NHWB).

1. pl. cstr. אֲגֻדּוֹת מוֹטָה bands, thongs (fastening ox-bow) metaph. of fetters of slavery Is 58:6.

2. אֲגֻדַּת אֵזוֹב bunch of hyssop Ex 12:22.

3. א׳ abs. band of men (cf. חֶבֶל. Eng. band) 2 S 2:25.

4. אֲגֻדָּתוֹ vault of the heavens (as fitted together, constructed, cf. Ar. إِجَادُ) Am 9:6.

אֱגוֹז n.[m.] nuts (coll.) (NH id., אַמְגּוֹזָא, Ar. جَوْزُ, Eth. غَوْز Aram. ܓܰܘܙ, אֱגוּזָא; cf. Pers. guwz, whence prob. אֱגוֹז as loan-word) Ct 6:11.

אגל (Hoffm:Hiob. 86 comp. Ar. اجل restrict, Eth. 0gale: a certain one (name withheld), etc.)

אֵ֫גֶל n.[m.] usually trans. drop, אֶגְלֵי־טָָל dew-drops Jb 38:28 (‖מָטָר) so Vrss De Di; Hoffm ‘ Rückstände, ’ ‘ Ansammlungen, ’ i.e. collections, stores, reserve-supply.

אֶגְלַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. town in Moab Is 15:8; (meaning ?); ? cf. Αἰγαλειμ (Euseb.) 9 m. S. of Areopolis; v. Lag:Onom. 228, 98; ed. 2, p. 224.

אגם (troubled, sad, As. agâmu Dl:W cf. Ar. أَجَمَ loathe; also أَجَمَةُ marshy jungle; v. עגם).

אֲגַם n.[m.] troubled pool (Aram. id., ܐܶܓܡܳܐ, As. agammu Dl:W)—א׳ abs. Is 35:7; cstr. 41:18 + 2 t.; אֲגַמִּים Ex 8:1 + 2 t.; אַגְמֵי Is 14:23; אַגְמֵיהֶם Ex 7:19

1. troubled or muddy (gloomy) pools or marshes, pl. מַיִם א׳ Is 14:23.

2. any pool, pond, sg. מַיִם א׳ Is 41:18, Ps 107:35, 114:8; pl. without מַיִם Ex 7:19, 8:1 (P) Is 42:15.

3. swamp-reed, rush (= אַגְמוֹן) Je 51:32.

† [אָגֵם] adj. sad (cf. Mish.) אַגְמֵי־נֶפֶשׁ Is 19:10.

אַגְמֹן, אַגְמוֹן n.[m.] rush, bulrush.

1. used as cord or line Jb 40:26 (of twisted rushes, or spun of rush-fibre, cf. Di ad loc.); as fuel 41:12; sim. of bending head Is 58:5.

2. metaph. of the lowly, insignif. (‖כִּפָּה) Is 9:13, 19:15.

אגן (prob. circular, round, cf. Ar. أُجْنَةُ ball of cheek & v. Talm. אוֹגֶן curved rim of a vessel).

† [אַגָּן] n.[m.] bowl, basin (Talm. אוֹגָן, Aram. אַגָּנָא, ܐܰܓܡܐܢܳܐܳ; Ar. إِجَّانَةُ, vessel in which clothes are washed; As. (pl.) aganâtē Dl:W).

1. basins used in ritual אֲגָנֹת Ex 24:6 (E).

2. אַגַּן הַסַּהַר, sim. of curves of body Ct 7:3.

3. metaph. of family of Eliakim. כְּלֵי הָאַגָּנוֹת = basin-vessels Is 22:24 (= bowl-shaped vessels Che) opp. כְּלֵי הַנְּכָלִים; both ‖כְּלֵי הַקָּטָן.

אגף (As. stem of agappu, wing, cf. Dl:W).

† [אֲגַף] n.[m.] band, army (loan-word, orig. wing of army; As. agappu, Aram. אגף, wing. Others, fr. גפףThe ½ in the following seems to be a fly speck in the hard copy. The author is giving an etymology; the previous etymology is consonants only, and this should be also.גפ&״, Sta:§ 256 b)—All Ez. & all pl. (or du. ?) אֲגַפֶּיךָ Ez 38:9, 39:4; אֲגַפָּיו 12:14 + 3 t; אֲגַפֶּיהָ 38:6 (all c. כָּל־ exc. 38:22)—bands, armies of king of Judah Ez 12:14, 17:21; hordes (RV) of Gog 38:9, 38:22, 39:4; specif. of גֹּמֶר 38:6; of תּוֹגַרְמָה ib.

† I. [אָגַר vb. gather (food)—only Qal - Pf. אָֽגְרָה, of ant Pr 6:8 (obj. מַאֲכָל); Impf. 2 ms. תֶּאֱגֹר of Isr. Dt 28:39 (obj. = grapes, not expr.); Pt. אֹגֵר בַּקַּיִץ subst. one who gathers (abs.) Pr. 10:5.

II. אגר (pay, hire, Ar. أَجَرَ, Aram. אֲגַר, ܐܶܓܰܪ, As. agâru Dl:W, Palm. אגר Reck:ZMG 1888, 396).

אָגוּר n.pr.m. (perh. hireling, Ar. أَجِيرُ, Aram. אֲגִירָא, ܐܰܓܺܝܪܳܐ v. PS, As. agîru, cf. Hpt:BAS i. 124; others gatherer, fr. I. אגר) son of יָקֶה, an author of proverbs Pr 30:1.

† [אֲגוֹרָה n.f. payment, אֲגוֹרַת כֶסֶף 1 S 2:36.

אִגֶּ֫רֶת n.f. letter, letter-missive (late, prob. loan-word, As. egirtu Dl:W)—abs. Ne 2:8 + 2 t.; cstr. Est 9:29; pl. אִגְּרוֹת abs. 2 Ch 30:1 + 3 t.; cstr. Ne 2:9; אִגְּרֹתֵיהֶם Ne 6:17letter, esp. royal letter 2 Ch 30:1, 30:6, Ne 2:7, 2:8, 2:9; but also others Ne 6:5, 6:17, 6:19, Es 9:26, 9:29 (‖סֵפֶר vv:20; vv:30; other syn. מִכְתָּב, נִשְׁתְּוָן q.v.)

אֲגַרְטָל v. גרטל. p. 173

אֶגְרֹף v. גרף. p. 175

9

אֵד, אוֹדוֹת, אֹדוֹת v. אוד.

† [אָדַב] vb. grieve; Hiph. Inf. לַאֲדִיב (= לְהַאֲדִיב Ges:§ 53. 3. R, 7) to cause to grieve 1 S 2:33. (But Dr prop. לְהָדִיב fr. דוב q.v.)

אַדְבְּאֵל n.pr.m. 3rd son of Ishmael (cf. Ar. أَدَبَ invite, discipline ?) Gn 25:13, 1 Ch 11:29 (As. Idiba&atO;’il etc., name of north. Ar. tribe Dl:Pa 301; cf. Minæan אדבל DHM in MV).

אדד (? cf. Ar. أَدَّ strength).

אִדּוֹ n.pr.m. a chief Israelite Ezr 8:17, 8:17.

אֲדַד n.pr.m. v. הדד. p. 212

אֲדַלְיָא n.pr.m. 5th son of Haman Est 9:8 (Pers. ?).

I. אדם (cf. As. [adâmu] make, produce (?) Dl:W & Pr 104).

אָדָם:560 n.m.:Gn 1:27 man, mankind (Ph. אדם, Sab. id., CIS:iv. 1, l. 4 al.; cf. As. admu, young (of bird) Dl:W, but Nö:ZMG 1886, 722 identif. with Ar. أَذَام coll. creatures)—Sg. abs. exc. cstr. Pr 6:12 cf. Thes; (א׳(הָ)בְּנֵי oft. = pl. of א׳ Gn 11:5 +39 t., cf. בְּנוֹת הָא׳ Gn 6:2, 6:4)—

1. a man (= Ger. Mensch) = human being Gn 2:5, 2:7, 2:7, 2:8, 2:15, 2:16, 2:18 +, 16:12 (27 t. J) Lv 5:4נֶפֶּשׁ 13:2, 13:9 (19 t. P) Ne 2:10, Is 13:12 (‖אֱנוֹשׁ); הַגָּדוֹל הָאָ׳ Jos 14:15 (E); בְּלִיַּעַל אָ׳ Pr 6:12 (‖אִישׁ אָוֶן cf. 1 S 25:25 & v. בליעל); = any one Lv 1:2, Nu 9:6, 9:7, Jb 20:29, 27:13, Pr 15:20, 21:16, 21:20, 24:30, Ec 7:20 + oft. WisdLt, Je 2:6, 4:25, Ne 2:12, cf. נֶפֶּשׁ א׳ Nu 19:11, 19:13, +; seld. man opp. woman Gn 2:22, 2:22, 2:23, 2:25, 3:8, 3:12, 3:17, 3:20, 3:21, Ec 7:28.

2. coll. man, mankind Gn 1:26, 9:5, 9:6, 9:6, 9:6 + (P 28 t.) 6:1, 6:5, 6:6, 6:7 (JE 24 t.) Dt 4:32 (D 6 t.) (on 2 S 7:19 cf. 1 Ch 17:17 v. Dr:Sm); distinctly = men + women Gn 1:27, 5:1, Nu 5:6; given as name Gn 5:2; but = warriors Is 22:6 רֶכֶב א׳ (‖פּרשׁים ); ‖ beasts (41 t.) בְּהֵמָה Gn 6:7, 7:23 (J ?) Ex 8:13, 8:14, 9:9, 9:10 (P) 9:19, 9:22, 9:25, 12:12, 13:2, 13:13, 13:15 (all J) +; late proph. Je 21:6, 31:27, 50:3, 51:62, Ez 14:13, 14:17, 14:19, 14:21, 25:13, 29:8, 29:11, 32:13 (del. Co) 36:11, Jon 3:8, Zp 1:3, Hg 1:11, Zc 2:8, 8:10; ‖בָּקָר Ez 4:15; ‖חֹאן, חֲמֹרִים ב׳ Nu 31:28; ‖ id. + מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָה v:30 cf. Jon 3:7; ‖חַיָּה Gn 9:5 (P) cf. Ez 1:5, 1:8, 1:10, 1:26, & descript. of כְּרוּבִים Ez 10:8, 10:14, 10:21 cf. 41:19; ‖ trees Dt 20:19 (rd. הֶאָדָם v. Di); opp. God 1 S 15:29, 16:7, 16:7, Is 31:3, Ez 28:2, 28:9, 1 Ch 21:13, 29:1, 2 Ch 6:18, Mal 3:8 cf. Ex 33:20, Dt 5:21; so בֶּן־א׳ Nu 23:19 (‖אישׁ) Ez 2:1, 2:3, 2:6, 2:8 (87 t. Ez, alw. addressed to proph.); בְּנֵי הָא׳ 1 S 26:19; made in God's image Gn 1:26, 1:27, 9:6 cf. Ec 7:29; as feeble, earthly, mortal Nu 16:29, 16:29, Ps 82:7, 144:3, 144:4, Jb 5:7, 14:1, 14:10 cf. 25:6 (בֶּן־א׳) Ec 12:5; as sinful 1 K 8:46, 2 Ch 6:36, Je 10:14 cf. Nu 5:6, Jb 31:33, Ho 6:7; of men in general, other men (opp. to particular ones) Ju 16:17 (cf. אַחַד הָא׳ v:7, v:11) 18:7, 18:28, Ps 73:5, Je 32:20 +; ‖אִישׁ Is 2:9, 2:11, 2:17, 5:15 cf. Ez 23:42 (del. Co Vrss); בְּנֵי א׳ 2 S 7:14 (‖אֲנָשִׁים) Pr 8:4 (‖אִישִׁים); Ps 49:3, 62:10 (both ‖בְּנֵי אִישׁ) = men of low opp. men of high degree—so oft. Ph. and = vassal Sab. DHM:ZMG 1875, 680 cf. 686; נֶפֶשׁ א׳ coll. Nu 31:35, 31:40, 31:46, 1 Ch 5:21, Ez 27:13. †

3. n.pr.m. Adam, first man (without art., cf. שָׂטָן 1 Ch 21:1 over ag. הַשּׂ׳ Jb 1:6 etc.) Gn 4:25 (J) 5:1, 5:3, 5:4, 5:5 (P) 1 Ch 1:1. (Gn 2:20, 3:17, 3:21 rd. לָא׳ v. Di.) †

4. n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built ?) Jos 3:16.

אֲדָמָה:224 n.f. ground, land (as tilled, Ger. bebaut ? Dl:Pr 105, but Fleisch. (Merx:Archiv 1, 236 f) comp. Ar. أَدَمَة, skin, as smoothly covering & close-fitting; √ דם cf. Ar. دَمَّ smear (spread over surface); cf. also Nö:ZMG 1886, 737)—א׳ Gn 1:25 +; cstr. אַדְמַת Gn 47:20 +; sf. אַדְמָתִי Jb 31:38 + 2 t. etc.; pl. אֲדָמוֹת Ps 49:12

1. ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance) Gn 2:5, 2:9, 3:17, 3:23, 4:2, 4:3, 4:12, 5:29, 8:21, 19:25, 47:23, Ex 34:26 (all J); Ex 23:19 (E) Dt 7:13, 11:17, 26:2, 26:10, 26:15, 28:4, 28:11, 28:18, 28:33, 28:42, 28:51, 30:9, 2 S 9:10, Is 1:7, 28:24, 30:23, 30:23, 30:24, Je 7:20, 14:4, 25:33, Hg 1:11, Mal 3:11, Ps 83:11, 105:35, Pr 12:11, 28:19, 1 Ch 27:26, Ne 10:36, 10:38 cf. fig. Jb 5:6 (‖עפר); personif. 31:38, Jo 1:10; also אִישׁ הָא׳ Gn 9:20 (J) tiller, husbandman; meton. אֹהֵב א׳ 2 Ch 26:10 i.e. lover of husbandry (or do these point to earlier meaning tillage ? cf. Dl:Pr 105) אִישׁ עֹבֵד א׳ Zc 13:5. †

2. piece of ground, landed property Gn 47:18, 47:19, 47:19, 47:19, 47:20, 47:22, 47:22, 47:23, 47:26 (all J) Ps 49:12 (pl.) †

3. earth as material substance; of wh. man is made Gn 2:7 (עָפָד מִן־הָא׳); so animals v:19 (מִן־הָא׳); altar Ex 20:24; earthen vessels חַרְשֵׂי א׳ Is 45:9; on head, sign of woe 1 S 4:12, 2 S 1:2, 15:32; of contrition Ne 9:1 (cf. אֵפֶר, עָפָר; מַעֲבֵה הָא׳ 1 K 7:46 cf. 2 Ch 4:17 (firmness of earth, firm earth, clay-ground, for casting-moulds; or clay-moulds (Be) ? or is this n.pr. ? Klo prop. בַּמְּעָרָה הָאֲדֻמָּה in the red cave); mule-loads of 2 K 5:17; in it lie the dead מִיְּשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־עָפָר Dn 12:2 cf. Gn 3:19, 3:23, Ps 146:4.

4. ground as earth's visible surface; רֶמֶס הָא׳ Gn 1:25, 6:20 (both P) Ho 2:20 cf. Gn 7:8, 9:2 (J ?) Lv 20:25 (P) Dt 4:18, Ez 38:20; also Gn 4:10 (J) Is 24:21, Am 3:5, Zp 1:2, 1:3; as wet with dew 2 S 17:12; rain 1 K 17:14, 18:1; cf. personif. אֶת־פִּיהָ פָּֽחְתָה הָא׳ Nu 16:30 (P) (‖ארץ v:32), vid. v:31; of partic. place, spot קֹדֶשׁ א׳ Ex 3:5 esp. as abode of man Gn 4:11, Ex 10:6, Dt 4:10, 4:40, 12:1, 1 S 20:31, 2 S 14:7; oft. פְּנֵי הָא׳ Gn 2:6, 4:14, 6:1, 6:7, 7:4, 7:23, 8:8, 8:13, Ex 32:12, 33:16, Nu 12:3, Dt 6:15, 7:6 (all J, D) 1 S 20:15 + 9 t.

5. land, territory, country (= ארץ) Gn 47:19 (J) Lv 20:24 (J ?—‖ארץ) cstr. bef. n.pr. מִחְרַיִם א׳ Gn 47:20, 47:26; יְהוּדָה א׳ Is 19:17; יִשְׂרָאֵל א׳ Ez 11:17 + 16 t. Ez; esp. of land as promised or given by י׳ to his people = Canaan Gn 28:15, Ex 20:12, Nu 11:12, 32:11 (all J ?) Dt 5:16 + 16 t. Dt, Jos; 1 K 8:34, 8:40 +, Je 16:15, 24:10, 25:5, 35:15, Ez 28:25, 2 Ch 6:25, 6:31, 7:20, 33:8; cf. also Dt 12:19, 21:23, 29:27, 2 K 17:23, Is 6:11, 7:16, 14:1 +, Ez 34:13, 34:27 +, Ne 9:25; (שְׁמֵנָה א׳),—in all c. 41 t.; + Jo 2:21 (personif.); הַקֹּדֶשׁ א׳ Zc 2:16 (cf. sub 4 supr.); hence also as Yahweh's land Dt 32:43, Is 14:2, Zc 9:16, 2 Ch 7:20. †

6. whole earth, inhabited earth (seld.; cf. also פְּנֵי הָא׳ sub 4 supr.) Gn 12:3, 28:14 (both J cf. אֶרֶץ 18:18, 22:18, 26:4) Dt 14:2, Am 3:2, Is 24:21. †

7. n.pr.loc. city in Naphtali (as built cf. אָדָם 4 ? = ed-Dâme ?) W. of L. Gennes. Jos 19:36 v. Di.

10

אַדְמָה n.pr.loc. city in Vale of Siddim Gn 10:19, 14:2, 14:8, Dt 29:22, Ho 11:8.

אֲדָמִי הַנֶּ֫קֶב n.pr.loc. pass in Naphtali, Jos 19:33 v. נקב.

II. אדם (أَدُمَ, أَدِمَ tawny, Eth. أَدَمَ (only in derivatives), As. adâmu ? Dl:W; cf. Lag:BN 28).

† [אָדֹם, אָדֵם] vb. be red (on format. cf. Lag:BN 83 cf. 120)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. אָֽדְמוּ ruddy, of Nazirites La 4:7; Pu. Pt. reddened, dyed red, מְאָדָּם Na 2:4 (of shield), מְאָדָּמִים of rams&atO;’ skins Ex 25:5, 26:14, 35:7, 35:23, 36:19, 39:34 (all P). Hithp. Impf. redden, grow or look red, יִתְאַדָָּם Pr 23:31 ( of wine); Hiph. Impf. emit (show) redness (cf. Lag:BN 120) יַאְדִּימוּ כַתּוֹלָע Is 1:18 (of sins) i.e. be glaring, flagrant (cf. also v:15).

אָדֹם adj. red—א׳ Is 63:2, Zc 1:8 + Gn 25:30, 25:30, v. infr.; אָדוֹם Ct 5:10; f. אֲדֻמָּה Nu 19:2, pl. אֲדֻמִּים 2 K 3:22 + 2 t.;—ruddy, red, of man Ct 5:10; horse Zc 1:8, 1:8 (‖שָׂרֹק cf. As. Dl:W 87) 6:2 (‖שָׁחֹר); heifer Nu 19:2; water 2 K 3:22 (כַּדָּם א׳); cf. as subst. red, redness on garment Is 63:2; הָאָדֹם = the (red) lentils Gn 25:30, 25:30, but rd. הָאֱדֹם v. infr.; cf. also מַעֲלֶה.

אֹ֫דֶם n.[f.] carnelian (fr. redness; LXX σάρδιον; on format. cf. Lag:BN 144) Ex 28:17, 39:10 (P) Ez 28:13.

אֱדֹם n.[m.] name of a condiment (Ar. إِدَامُ v. Anderson in Di; cf. As. adumatu ? Dl:W) הָאֱ׳ Gn 25:30, 25:30 (J; so rd. for הָאָ׳ MT; v. Di).

אֱדוֹם († אֱדֹם Ez 25:14) n.pr.m. 1. Edom (name of a god ? v. Sta:G. 1, 121 RS:Sem 43; vid. n.pr. עבדאדם; but Bae:Rel 10 thinks dial. var. of אָדָם, בני אדום = בְנֵי אָדָם) = Esau, elderson of Isaac Gn 25:30 (J) (where etym. = red, cf. v:25 (E ?) & sub אַדְמוֹנִי 36:1, 36:8, 36:19 (P). 2. coll. (m. but f. Mal 1:4) Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau Gn 36:9, 36:43 (P); also 1 S 14:47 + 31 t. + 2 S 8:13 (for MT ארם; LXX SyrVer v. 1 Ch 18:12, Ps 60:2, We Dr); perh. also v:12 (LXX SyrVer 1 Ch 18:11; MT ארם but v. We Dr); also 2 Ch 20:2 (v. Be); א׳ = king of Edom Nu 20:18, 20:20, 20:21; poet. בְּנֵי א׳ Ps 137:7 בַּת א׳ La 4:21, 4:22 3. land of Edom, Idumaea (f. Ez 32:29, 35:15 and 36:5) S. & SE. of Pal. Gn 36:32, 36:43 + 32 t. (incl. שְׂדֵה א׳ Gn 32:4; אֶרֶץ א׳ Gn 36:16, 36:17, 36:21, 36:31, Nu 20:23, 21:4, 33:37 +);—uncertain weather 2 or 3 are Ex 15:15, Nu 20:14, 24:18 + 9 t. (chiefly in מֶלֶח א׳ etc.)

אֲדֹמִי adj.gent. Edomite Dt 23:8, 1 S 21:8, 22:9, 22:18, 22:22, 1 K 11:14, Ps 52:2; אֲדוֹמִים 2 Ch 25:14, 28:17; so 2 K 16:6 (Qr; Kt ארומים, v. ארם); אֲדֹמִיִּים 1 K 11:17; f. אֲדֹמִיּוֹת 1 K 11:1.

אֲדַמְדָּם adj. reddish (cf. As. ada(m)mumu ? Dl:W) of leprous sores Lv 13:42 (־דָָּם) v:49 (־דָֹם); f. אֲדַמְדֶּמֶת v:24; v:43; ־דָָמֶת v:19; f. pl. אֲדַמְדַּמֹּת 14:37.

אַדְמוֹנִי adj. red, ruddy, of Esau as newborn babe Gn 25:25 (whence name Edom acc. to E ? cf. Di); of youth 1 S 16:12, 17:42 (אַדְמֹנִי).

אֲדֻמִּים n.pr.loc. v. מַעֲלֶה sub עלה. p. 748

אַדְמָתָא n.pr.m. a prince of Persia & Media Est 1:14 (cf. Pers. admâta, unrestrained).

אדן (mng. disputed; (1) cf. As. [adannu] firm, strong; adv. adannisû, strongly, exceedingly Dl:W > (2) Fü. (a) make firm, fasten (cf. عدن) whence אֶדֶן; (b) determine, command, rule, whence אָדוֹן; (3) Thes Add., MV al. (a) intr.be under, low, inferior (cf. דּוּן, دان), whence אֶדֶן; (b) tr. put under command, rule over (cf. דִּין) whence אָדוֹן; v. also (4) Lag:M. i. 102, אָדוֹן fr. ادي).

[אֶ֫דֶן]:57 n.m.:Ex 26:19 base, pedestal—אָָדֶן Ex 38:7; pl. אֲדָנִים Ex 26:19 +; cstr. אַדְנֵי Ct 5:15 +, etc.

1. pedestals of fine gold, on wh. pillars of marble were set Ct 5:15.

2. pedestals of the earth on wh. its pillars were placed Jb 38:6 (‖ corner-stone).

3. (metal) pedestals, bases, or sockets in wh. tenons of planks & pillars of tabernacle were set up; two for each plank & one for each pillar Ex 26:19, 26:19, 26:19 + 52 t. in Ex 26, 27, 3540, Nu 3, 4 (all P); cf. LXX Sm Co for אָרְכּוֹ Ez 41:22, of altar.

אָדוֹן n.m.:Mal 3:1 lord (Ph. אדן)—א׳ Ps 12:5 + cstr. אֲדוֹן Jos 3:11 +; pl. אֲדֹנִים Is 26:13 +; cstr. אֲדֹנֵי Dt 10:17 +; sf. אֲדֹנֵינוּ 1 S 25:14 + etc.; (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Mass. pointing to distinguish divine reference fr. human. Pl., with few exc. an intens. pl. of rank; word takes sf. as pl. in all other pers.; so doubtless here. Orig. reading prob. in all cases אֲדֹנַי (v. Dalman:Der Gottesname Adonaj; Lag:BN 188 makes אֲדֹנָי an Aram. format.); אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.; in E † Gn 31:35, 32:19, 42:10, Ex 21:5; in P † Gn 23:6, 23:11, 23:15, Nu 36:2, 36:2; often S & K; in Chr only in sources, 1 Ch 21:3, 21:3, 21:3, 21:23 (= 2 S 24:3; 24:22) 2 Ch 2:13, 2:14, Is & Je only in hist. parts Is 36:8, 36:9, 36:12, Je 37:20, 38:9; elsewh. † Dn 1:10, 10:16, 10:17, 10:19, 12:8, Zc 1:9, 4:4, 4:5, 4:13, 6:4, Ps 110:1, Ju 4:18, 6:13, Ru 2:13; בִּי אֲדנָיEx 4:10, 4:13, Jos 7:8 (J) Ju 6:15, 13:8 is referred to God, but בִּי אֲדנִיGn 43:20, 44:18, Nu 12:11 (J) 1 S 1:26, 25:24, 1 K 3:17, 3:26 ref. to human superiors. There is uncertainty as to אֲדֹנָ֯י Gn 18:3, 19:18; אֲדֹ֯נַי 19:2)—†

1. sg. lord, master (1) ref. to men: (a) supt. of household, or of affairs Gn 45:8, 45:9 (E) = Ps 105:21; (b) master Ps 12:5; (c) king Je 22:18, 34:5; (2) ref. to God, הָאָדוֹן יהוה the Lord Yahweh (v. יהוה) Ex 23:17, 34:23 (Cov't codes); אֲרוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ Lord of the whole earth Jos 3:11, 3:13 (J) Ps 97:5, Zc 4:14, 6:5, Mi 4:13; חֻבָאוֹת י׳ הָא׳, earlier Is 1:24, 3:1, 10:33, 19:4 (אֲדֹנָי Is 10:16 in common MT; not Massora, doubtless scrib. error); הָא׳ Mal 3:1; אָדוֹן Ps 114:7.

2. pl. lords, kings Dt 10:17 = Ps 136:3; Is 26:13; elsewh. intens. pl. of rank, lord, master, (1) ref. to men: (a) proprietor of hill Samaria † 1 K 16:24; (b) master Gn 40:7 (E) Ex 21:4, 21:4, 21:6, 21:8, 21:32 (Cov't code) Gn 24:9 + (J, 11 t.) Dt 23:16, Ju 19:11, 19:12 + 13 t. S & K; Jb 3:19, Ps 123:2, Pr 25:13, 27:18, 30:10, Is 24:2, Am 4:1, Zp 1:9, Mal 1:6, 1:6; (c) husband Ju 19:26, 19:27, Ps 45:12; (d) prophet 2 K 2:3, 2:5, 2:16; (e) governor Ne 3:5; (f) prince Gn 42:10, 42:30, 42:33 (E) 44:8 (J) 1 S 29:10; (g) king Gn 40:1 (E) Ju 3:25 + 40 t. S & K; Ch only in sources 1 Ch 12:19 cf. 1 S 29:4; 2 Ch 13:6, 18:16 = 1 K 22:17; Is 19:4, 22:18, 36:12, 37:4, 37:6, Je 27:4; (2) ref. to God Mal 1:6; אֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Lord of lords Dt 10:17 = Ps 136:3; אֲדֹנֵינוּ Ps 135:5, 147:5, Ne 8:10; אֲדֹנֵינוּ י׳ Ps 8:2, 8:10, Ne 10:30; אֲדֹנַיִח י׳ Is 51:22 (prob. = thy husband, Yahweh); אֲדֹנָיו Ho 12:15 (possibly error for אֲדֹנָי).

3. sf. 1 s. אֲדֹנִי (אֲדֹנַי) (1) ref. to men: my lord, my master, (a) master Ex 21:5 (Cov't code) Gn 24:12 +, 44:5 (J, 20 t.) 1 S 30:13, 30:15, 2 K 5:3, 5:20, 5:22 6:15; (b) husband Gn 18:12 (J); (c) prophet 1 K 18:7, 18:13, 2 K 2:19, 4:16, 4:28, 6:5, 8:5; (d) prince Gn 42:10 (E), 23:6, 23:11, 23:15 (P), 43:20, 44:18 +, 47:18, + (J, 12 t.); Ju 4:18; (e) king 1 S 22:12 + (S & K 75 t.); (f) father Gn 31:35 (E); (g) Moses Ex 32:22, Nu 11:28, 12:11, 32:26, 32:27 (J); 36:2, 36:2 (P); (h) priest 1 S 1:15, 1:26, 1:26; (i) theophanic angel Jos 5:14, Ju 6:13; (j) captain 2 S 11:11; (k) general recognition of superiority Gn 24:18, 32:5 + 33:8 +; 44:7 + (J, 13 t.), Ru 2:13, 1 S 25:24 + (15 t.); (2) ref. to God: אֲדֹנָי a. my Lord Gn 20:4 (? E) Ex 15:17 (Sam. יהוה) elsewhere in Hex, J; Gn 18:3(?), 18:27, 18:30, 18:31, 18:32, 19:2, 19:18(?) Ex 4:10, 4:13, 5:22, 34:9, Nu 14:17, Jos 7:8; also Ju 6:15, 13:8; not S; 1 K 22:6, 2 K 19:23; not Chron. exc. memorials Ezr 10:3 (ref. to Ezra) Ne 1:11, 4:8; WisdLt only Jb 28:28 (doubtless scrib. error for יהוֹה of many MSS.); not Ho; Is 37:24 38:14, 38:16 (hist. part); exil. Is 49:14 (cf. 51:22); Mi 1:2, Ps 16:2 + (47 t., chiefly this sense, exc. sub b.; cf. אֱלֽהַי וַאדֹנָי my Lord and my God Ps 35:23; (writers that use אֱלֽהִיםseld. use אֲדֹנָי); b. Adonay n.pr. of God, parallel with Yahweh, substit. for it oft. by scrib. error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier Is 3:17 + (19 t. seeming to belong here), Am 7:7, 7:8, 9:1, Ez 18:25, 18:29, 33:17, 33:20, 21:14 (prob. אֲדֹנָי י׳ as in usual phrase); Zc 9:4, Mal 1:12, 1:14, La 1:14 + (14 t.) Ps 2:4, 37:13, 78:65, 90:17 (? יהוה) 110:5 (Dalman puts most of these sub (a);—many cases are doubtful); 1 K 3:10, 3:15 (Mass. אדני for יהוה cf. Dalm. 2 K 7:6; Dalm. rightly questions; he rds. יהוה). The phrases אֲדֹנָי אֱלֽהַי Ps 38:16, 86:12, Adonay my God; אֲדֹנָי הָאֱלֽהִים Dn 9:3, אֱלֽהֵינוּ א׳ 9:9, 9:15, הָאֵל א׳ Dn 9:4 favour taking א׳ Dn 1:2, 9:7, 9:8 (יהוה ?) v:16, v:17, v:19, v:19, v:19 as the divine name.

4. אֲדֹנָי יהוה (a) my Lord Yahweh (v. יהוה) Gn 15:2, 15:8 (JE) Jos 7:7 (J, LXX om. י׳) Dt 3:24, 9:26, Ju 6:22, 16:28, 2 S:7 (6 t.) 1 K 2:26, 8:53; prob. Am 3:7, 3:8, 7:2, 7:4, 7:5, 9:8, Je 1:6, 4:10, 14:13, 32:17, 32:25, Ez 4:14, 8:1, 9:6, 11:13, 20:49, 37:3 (יָדַע כִּי אֲני א׳ י׳) 13:9, 23:49, 24:24, 28:24, 29:16 inappropriate in mouth of God; del. אֲדֹנָי (Co) or rd. אֱלֽהֵיכֶם י׳ (Dalm.); Mi 1:2, Zp 1:7, Ob:1, Zc 9:14, Ps 71:5, 71:16, 73:28; (b) appar. n.pr. Adonay Yahweh Is 25:8, Je 44:26; exil. Is 40:10 + (10 t., but 61:1, 61:11 rd. יהוה, LXX); (c) uncertain whether (a) or (b) in proph. formula אָמַר י׳ א׳ Is 7:7, 28:16, 30:15, 49:22, 51:4, 65:13, Je 7:20, Am 1:8, 3:11, 5:3, 7:6, Ob:1, Ez (131 t.); י׳ נְאֻם א׳ Is 56:8, Je 2:22, Am 3:13, 4:5, 8:3, 8:9, 8:11 Ez (80 t.); י׳ דְּבַר־א׳ Ez 6:3, 25:3, 36:4; י׳ נִשְׁבַּע א׳ Am 4:2, 6:8; י׳ כֹּה הִרְאַנִי א׳ Am 7:1, 7:4, 8:1.

5. יהוה אֲדֹנָי Yahweh my Lord Ps 68:21, 109:21, 140:8, 141:8, Hb 3:9.

6. אֲדֹנָי יהוה חְבָאוֹת (a) my Lord Yahweh Ṣ. (v. חבאות) Ps 69:7, Am 9:5, Is 10:23, 22:5, 22:12, 28:22 cf. אֱלֽהֵי הַחְבָאוֹת א׳ י׳, Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord Am 5:16; (b) a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh Ṣ. Je 46:10, 46:10, 50:25; (c) uncertain are ח׳ י׳ כֹּה אָמַר א׳ Is 10:24, 22:14, 22:15; נְאֻם א׳ ח׳ י׳ Is 3:15, Je 2:19, 49:5, 50:31.

11

אַדָּן n.pr.loc. in Babylonia Ezr 2:59 (v. כְּרוּב n.pr.)

אַדּוֹן id. Ne 7:61.

אֲדֹנִי־בֶ֫זֶק n.pr.m. (or title) king of Can. city Bezek Ju 1:7; without Maqq. v:5; v:6.

אֲדֹנִי־חֶ֫דֶק n.pr.m. Canaan. king of Jerusalem Jos 10:1, 10:3 (Lord of righteousness; my lord is righteous, or my Lord is Ṣidiq—divine name—cf. מַלְכִּי חֶדֶק, אֲדֹנִיָּהוּ, Ph. אדנבעל etc.)

אֲדֹנִיָּ֫הוּ (אֲדֹיִּנָה) n.pr.m. (my Lord is Yahweh, cf. Ph. אדנאשמן, אדנבעל, אדנשמש etc., in As. Aduniba&atO;’ al Schr:KB II, 172)

1. fourth son of David 1 K 1:8 + 11 t., 2:13 + 5 t. (= אֲדֹנִיָּה 2 S 3:4, 1 K 1:5, 1:7, 1:18, 2:28, 1 Ch 3:2).

2. a Levite † 2 Ch 17:8.

3. a chief of the people † Ne 10:17 (= אֲדֹנִיקָם 7:18, Ezr 2:13 cf. 8:13).

12

אֲדֹנִיקָם n.pr.m. (my Lord has arisen) head of a family Ezr 2:13, 8:13, Ne 7:18 (אֲדֹנִיָּהוּ Ne 10:17).

אֲדֹנִירָם n.pr.m. (my Lord is exalted) official of Solom. 1 K 4:6, 5:28; so also 2 S 20:24, 1 K 12:18 LXX We Dr:Sm.

אֲדֹרָם (contr. or corrupt, cf. foregoing) same official, under David 2 S 20:24, & Rehob. 1 K 12:18 (= הֲדֹרָם 2 Ch 10:18).

† [אָדַר] vb. (poet.) wide, great, (thence) high, noble (? As. adâru Dl:W)—Niph. Pt. majestic, glorious, of י׳, נֶאְדָּר Ex15:11; cstr. נֶאְדָּרִי v:6 (v. Di); Hiph. Impf. יַאְדִּיר make glorious the teaching Is 42:21 (י׳ subj.)

אֶ֫דֶר n.[m.] 1. glory, magnificence (As. aduru, adiru) ironic. of price of shepherd (symbol.) Zc 11:13. 2. mangle, cloak (as wide) Mi 2:8 (‖שַׂלְמָה), but rd. אדרת (ת lost bef. foll. ת), so WRS:Proph 427.

אֲדֹורַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. (two hills ?) city in Judah 2 Ch 11:9 (cf. ̓Αδωρα, Δωρα, Jos.:Ant. viii. 10. 1, xiv. 5. 3); now Dûra, W. of Hebron, Rob.:BR II, 215.

אַדָּר n.pr.m. (noble ?).

1. son of Bela, grandson of Benjm. 1 Ch 8:3 (perh. error—cf. Be—for אַרְדְּ q.v. Nu 26:40, Gn 46:21).

2. city in Judah Jos 15:3 (אַדָּ֫רָה); = חֲחַר אַדָּר (q.v.) Nu 34:4.

אַדִּיר adj. majestic—א׳ Ps 8:2 +; f. אַדֶּ֫רֶת Ez 17:8 ? (v. infr.) etc.—

1. majestic (wide, lofty) of waters of sea Ex 15:10, Ps 93:4; a ship Is 33:21; a tree Ez 17:23; a vine Ez 17:8 (גֶּפֶן אַדֶּרֶת, so Fü; or א׳ n. abstr. v. sub אַדֶּרֶת infr.); also fig. of kings Ps 136:18; nations Ez 32:18; gods 1 S 4:8; of י׳ Ps 93:4 76:5; of name of י׳ Ps 8:2, 8:10.

2. subst. majestic one, of nobles, chieftains, etc., Ju 5:13, 5:25, Na 2:6, 3:18, Je 14:3, 25:34 (אַדִּירֵי הַצּאֹן fig. so): 35, 36, 30:21, Zc 11:2, 2 Ch 23:20, Ne 3:5, 10:30; of י׳ Is 10:34, 33:21; of servants of י׳ Ps 16:3 (= priests ? cf. 1 Ch 24:5 & v. Che).

אַדֶּ֫רֶת n.f. glory, cloak—א׳ abs. Jos 7:24; אַדָָּרֶת Ez 17:8; cstr. Gn 25:25 + 4 t.; אַדַּרְתּוֹ 1 K 19:13 + 3 t.; אַדַּרתָּם Zc 11:3

1. glory, magnificence, of vine Ez 17:8 (so Thes MV, but < adj. f. fr. אַדִּיר q.v.), of shepherds Zc 11:3 (or sub 2).

2. mantle, cloak (wide garment) of hair שֵׂעָר Gn 25:25, Zc 13:4 (as proph. mantle, so perh. 11:3 of shepherds = false proph.) cf. of Elijah 1 K 19:13, 19:19, 2 K 2:8, 2:13, 2:14; but אַדֶּרֶת שִׁנְעָר טוֹבָה (fine mantle of Shinar = Babylonian mantle—doubtless costly) Jos 7:21, 7:24 (J) & (late) א׳ alone Jon 3:6.

אֲדָר n.pr.[m.] 12th (Babylonian) month = Feb.–Mar. (late Heb. loan-word, = Bab. A(d)-daru v. Dl:Wp. 188, cf. Al 3 93, meaning dub. perh.adâru, be darkened, eclipsed, but v. Dl:W p. 190) Est 3:7, 3:12, 8:12, 9:1, 9:15, 9:17, 9:19, 9:21; cf. Palm. Nab. אדר Vog:8 Eut:Nab 24.

אַדְרַמֶּ֫לֶךְ n.pr.m. (Adar is prince, As. Adar-malik (?) v. KAT:2 284, cf, ABK:140; or A. is Counsellor, Decider, cf. Dl:K 52 f; otherwise Sayce:Rel. Bab. 7; on Bab. god Adar v. Schr:KSGW 1880, 19 f Dl:K 52 f, but Sayce:Rel, Bab. 151 f; Jen:Ko 457 f al. rd. As. name Ninib; on Carth. יתנאדר v. Bae:Rel. 54)

1. a god of Sepharvaim 2 K 17:31.

2. parricidal son of Sennacherib 2 K 19:37, Is 37:38.

אֲדֹרָם v. אדנירם sub אדון. above

אֲדַרְכּוֹן v. דרכמון. p. 204

אֶדְרְעִי v. דרע. p. 204

אדשׁ only Inf. abs. אָדוֹשׁ v. דושׁ. p. 190

אָהֵב:216 vb. love—Qal Pf. אָהֵָב Gn 27:9 + 7 t; אָשֵהבּ Gn 27:14; אָהַב Gn 37:3 + 3 t.; אֲהֵֽבָךָ Dt 15:16; 3 fs. אָֽהֲבָה Ct 1:7 +, etc.; Impf. יֶאֱהַב (־הָָב) Pr 3:12 +; 1 s. אֵהָָב Pr 8:17 (cf. Ew:§ 192 d Ges:§ 68. 1); וָֽאֹהַ֖ב Mal 1:2; וָאֹהֲבֵהוּ Ho 11:1; אֹהֲבֵם Ho 14:5; וָאֹהֲבֵם Ps 119:167; 2 mpl. תְּאֵהֲבוּ Pr 1:22 (cf. Kö:I p. 394 Ges:§ 63 R 2); תֶּאֱהָָבוּ Zc 8:17; תָּאֱהָבוּן Ps 4:3; Imv. אֱהַב־ Ho 3:1; אֱהָבֶהָ Pr 4:6; אֶהֱבוּ Ps 31:24, Am 5:15; אֱהָָבוּ Zc 8:19; Inf. cstr. אֱהֹב Ec 3:8; אַהֲבָה Dt 10:12 +; אֲהֲבַת Mi 6:8 + etc.; cf. also sub n. אהבה infr.; Pt. אֹהֵב (אוֹהֵב) Dt 10:18 + 26 t.; f. cstr. אֲהֻבַת Ho 3:1 is prob. active cf. Ba:NB 174 ff; sf. אֹהֲבִי Is 41:8 etc.; f. אֹהֶ֫בֶת Gn 25:28; אֹהַ֫בְתִּי Ho 10:11 etc.; Pt. pass. אָהוּב Ne 13:26; אֲהוּבָה Dt 21:15, 21:15, 21:16.—love (mostly c. acc., sq. לְ + obj. Lv 19:18, 19:34, 2 Ch 19:2 (late), sq. בְּ Ec 5:9; abs. Ec 3:8 & v.infr.), (affection both pure & impure, divine & human);—

1. human love to human object; abs., opp. hate שָׂנֵא Ec 3:8; of love to son Gn 22:2, 25:28, 37:3, 37:4, 44:20 (JE) Pr 13:24; so also 2 S 13:21 LXX Ew Th We, cf. Dr, of Dvd's loving Amnon; never to parent, but mother-in-law Ru 4:15; of man's love to woman; wife Gn 24:67, 29:20, 29:30 (cf. v:18):32 (JE), also Dt 21:15, 21:15, 21:16, Ju 14:16, 1 S 1:5, 2 Ch 11:21, Est 2:17, Ho 3:1, Ec 9:9; but also Gn 34:3 (J) Ju 16:4, 16:15, 2 S 13:1, 13:4, 13:15 (where of carnal desire) 1 K 11:1 cf. v:2 Ho 3:1; רֵעַ א׳ loving a paramour, v. Ba:NB 176; woman's love to man 1 S 18:20 (so v:28 MT, but rd. וְבִי כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֹהֵב אֹתוֹ LXX We Dr) Ct 1:3, 1:4, 1:7, 3:1, 3:2, 3:3, 3:4 (5 t. subj. נַפְשִׁי); cf. also fig. of adulterous Judah Je 2:25, Is 57:8, Ez 16:37; of love of slave to master Ex 21:5 (JE) Dt 15:16; inferior to superior 1 S 18:22 cf. v:16; love to neighbour Lv 19:18 (וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוָֹךָ), partic to stranger Lv 19:34 (both P), Dt 10:18, 10:19; love of friend to friend 1 S 16:21, 18:1, 18:3, 20:17, 20:17, Jb 19:19, Pr 17:1 cf. 2 S 19:7, 19:7, 2 Ch 19:2; v. also Pr 9:8, 16:13 cf. 15:12; v. esp. Pt. infr.

2. less oft. of appetite, obj. food, Gn 27:7, 27:9, 27:14 (JE); drink Ho 3:1, Pr 21:17; husbandry 2 Ch 26:10; cf. fig. of Ephraim Ho 10:11 sq. inf.; length of life Ps 34:13; of cupidity Ho 9:1, 1 S 1:23, Ec 5:9, 5:9; of love of sleep Pr 20:13 cf. fig. of sluggish watchmen (sq. inf.) Is 56:10; also c. obj. abstr. wisdom (personif.), knowledge, righteousness, etc. Pr 4:6, 8:17, 8:21, 12:1, 22:11, 29:3, Am 5:15, Mi 6:8 (inf. ‖ infinitives) Zc 8:19, cf. Pr. 19:8 קֹנֶה לֵב אֹהֵב נַפְשׁוֹ; obj. folly, evil, etc., Mi 3:2, 4:3, Ps 11:5, 52:5, 52:6, 109:17, Pr 1:22, 8:36, 17:19, 17:19, cf. 18:21, Zc 8:17, cf. כֵּן א׳ Am 4:5, Je 5:3, sq. Inf. Ho 12:8, Je 14:10, esp. of idolatry Ho 4:13 (where del. הֵבוּ cf. Kö:1. p. 395) Je 8:2.

3. love to God Ex 20:6 (JE) elsewhere Hex only Dt 5:10, 6:5, 7:9 + 9 t. Dt + Jos 22:5, 23:11; also Ju 5:31, 1 K 3:3, Ne 1:5, Dn 9:4; esp. in (late) Ps 31:24, 116:1, 145:20, but usually sq. name, law, etc. of י׳ Ps 5:12, 26:8, 40:17, 69:37, 70:5, 97:10, 119:47 + 11 t. Ps 119; cf. 1 S 56:6; cf. also of love to Jerusalem 1 S 66:10 Ps 122:6.

4. esp. Pt. אֹהֵב = (a) lover, La 1:2 (fig. of Jerus.); (b) friend Hiram of David 1 K 5:15, cf. Je 20:4, 20:6, Est 5:10, 5:14, 6:13, Ps 38:12 (‖רֵעַ) so 88:19, & Pr 14:20; also 18:24, 27:6; Abr. of God 1 S 41:8, 2 Ch 20:7.

5. of divine love (a) to individual men Dt 4:37, 2 S 12:24, Pr 3:12, 15:9, Ps 146:8, Ne 13:26; (b) to people Israel, etc. Dt 7:8, 7:13, 23:6, Ho 3:1, 9:15, 11:1, 14:5, 1 K 10:9, 2 Ch 2:10, 9:8, Is 43:4, 48:14, Je 31:3, Mal 1:2, 1:2, 1:2, Ps 47:5; to Jerusalem Ps 78:68, 87:2; (c) to righteousness, etc. Ps 11:7, 33:5, 37:28, 45:8, 99:4, Is 61:8, Mal 2:11. † Niph. Pt. pl. הַנֶּאֱהָבִים 2 S 1:23 lovely, loveable of Saul & Jonath. (‖הַנְּעִימִם). † Pi. Pt. pl. sf. מְאַהֲבַי (־בָָי) Ho 2:7 + 3 t.; מְאַהֲבַיִח (־בָָיִח) Je 22:20 + 6 t.; מְאַהֲבֶיהָ Ho 2:9 + 4 t. 1. friends Zc 13:6; 2. lovers in fig. of adulter. Isr. Ho 2:7, 2:9, 2:12, 2:14, 2:15, Ez 23:5, 23:9; Judah Je 22:20, 22:22, 30:14, La 1:19, Ez 16:33, 16:36, 16:37, 23:22.

13

† [אַ֫הַב] n.[m.]love only pl. אֲהָבִים, loves, amours; bad sense Ho 8:9, but אַיֶּלֶת א׳ loving hind Pr 5:19 (fig. of wife ‖יַעֲלַת חֵן).

† [אֹ֫הַב] n.[m.] id. = loved object, sf. אָהֳבָם Ho 9:10 (= בּשֶׁת = בַּעַל v. Hi Now) i.e. the idol worshipped; pl. = amours (carnal sense) Pr 7:18.

אַהֲבָה n.f. love (= Inf. of אהב q.v.)—abs. א׳ Pr 10:12 + 18 t.; cstr. אַהֲבַת Je 2:2 + 3 t.; sf. אַהֲבָתִי Ps 109:4, 109:5; אַהֲבָֽתְךָ 2 S 1:26; אַהֲבָתוֹ 1 S 63:9, Zp 3:17; אַהֲבָתָהּ Pr 5:19; אַהֲבָתָם Ec 9:6love, esp. WisdLt & late.

1. human (to human obj.) abs. Ec 9:1, 9:6 (both ‖שִׂנְאָה) so Pr 10:12, 15:17 cf. 27:5; v. also 17:9; of man toward man Ps 109:4, 109:5; love for one's self (נַפְשׁוֹ) 1 S 20:17; between man & woman Ct 2:4, 2:5, 5:8, 8:6, 8:7, 8:7; Pr 5:19 cf. also 2 S 1:26 (נָשִׁים א׳); personif. Ct. 2:7, 3:5, 7:7, 8:4; cf. fig. use 3:10; of mere sexual desire 2 S 13:15; fig. of Jerusalem's love to י׳ Je 2:2 (כְּלוּלֽתַיִח א׳), & of love of adulter. Jesus. v:33.

2. God's love to his people Ho 11:4 (עֲבֹתוֹת א׳) Je 31:3, 1 S 63:9, Zp 3:17.

אהד (= אחד ? v. Thes.)

אֹ֫הַד n.pr.m. son of Simeon Gn 46:10, Ex 6:15.

אֵהוּד n.pr.m. 1. a Benjamite, son of Gera, deliverer of Isr. fr. Moab Ju 3:15, 3:16, 3:20, 3:20, 3:21, 3:23, 3:26, 4:1. 2. a Benjamite, son of Bilhan (= fore-going ?) 1 Ch 7:10.

אֲהָהּ (آه أَه) interj. alas! Ju 11:35, 2 K 3:10, 6:5, 6:15; with ל Jo 1:15 אֲהָהּ לַיּוֹם alas for the day! for etc. In the combination אֲהָהּ אֲדֹנָי יֱהוִֹה Jos 7:7, Ju 6:22, Je 1:6, 4:10, 14:13, 32:17, Ez 4:14, 9:8, 11:13, 21:5.

אַהֲוָא n.pr.loc. town or district in Babylonia, by which a stream is designated Ezr 8:15, 8:31, also the stream v:21 (הנהו א׳), v:31 (נְהַר א׳).

אֱהִי Ho. 13:10, 13:14, 13:14 adv. where ? = אֵי, אַיֵּה. So LXX SyrVer Vulgate Targum AW in Ho 13:10, & LXX SyrVer (cf. 1 Cor 15:55) AW in Ho 13:14. Taken by many of the older interpreters, and even by Ges in 13:14, as 1 s. impf. apoc. of היה I would be : but this is less suited to the context, and the jussive form is an objection, being unusual with the 1 ps.

I. אהל (settle down (?), Ar. اهل be inhabited, cf. As. âlu, settlement, city, maÕ’ âlu, maÕ’âltu, bed; Dl:W & Pr 105).

אֹ֫הֶל:343 n.m.:Gn 13:3 tent (cf. As. âlu, supr., Ar. أَهَلَ, fellow-dwellers, family, Sab. אהל DHM:ZMG 1883, 341 al., also in n.pr. Sab. & Ph. v. אהליאב)—abs. א׳ Gn 4:20 +; cstr. id. Ex 28:43 +; אֹ֫הֱלָה (ה loc.) Gn 18:6 +; sf. אָהֳלִי Jb 29:4 +; אָֽהָלִךָ Ps 61:5; אָֽהֳלֽה Gn 9:21 + 3 t. (v. Dr:Sm xxxv); pl. אֹהָלִים Gn 13:5 + (Ges:§ 23. 3); בָֽאֳהָלִים Ju 8:11 +; cstr. אָהֳלֵי Nu 16:26 +; sf. אֹהָלַי Je 4:20; אֹהָלֶיךָ Nu 24:5 +; אָהֳלֵיכֶם Jos 22:8 +, etc.—

1. tent of nomad Ct 1:5, Je 6:3, 49:29; ישֵׁב א׳ dweller in tents Gn 4:20, 25:27 (J); אָהֳלֵי מִקְנֶה tents of cattle 2 Ch 14:14; of soldier 1 Sa 17:54 cf. Dr, Je 37:10; 1 K 8:66 לְאֹהָלֶיךָ, ישׂראל, exclam., to thy tents, Israel ! 1 K 12:16, 12:16 cf. 2 Ch 10:16, 2 S 20:1 (but cf. Dr, 1 S 17:54); of pleasure-tent on house-top 2 S 16:22 (= bridal-tent, bridal pavilion, cf. חֻפָּה Ps 19:5, Jo 2:16 v. RS:Kinship 168).

2. dwelling, habitation; Ps 91:10 לְאֹהָלֶָךָ home (lit. to thy tents, pl.) Ju 19:9 (after הלך); א׳ בֵּיתִי habitation of my house Ps 132:3 cf. Dn11:45; דוד א׳ habitat. or palace of David where throne erected Is 16:5; בַת חִיּוֹן א׳ h. of daughter of Zion (= Jerusalem) La 2:4; אָהֲלֵי יַעֲקֹב Je 30:18, Mal 2:12 (‖מִשְׁכָּן); יְהוּדָה א׳ Zc 12:7 (‖בית דוד); רְשָׁעִים א׳ h. of wicked Jb 8:22, cf. רֶשַׁע א׳ Ps 84:11, יְשָׁרִים א׳ Pr 14:11; שֹׁחַד א׳ Jb 15:34; חַדִּיקִים א׳ Ps 118:15; אֱדוֹם א׳ = Edom itself, Ps 83:7 cf. קְדָר א׳ Ps 120:5 כוּשָׁן א׳ Hb 3:7.

3. the sacred tent used in worship of God; הָאֹהֶל the tent; מוֹעֵד א׳ tent of meeting of God with his people (tent of congregation or assembly Ges MV al.) Acc. to E Moses so called the tent which he used to pitch without the camp, afar off, into which he used to enter, & where God spake with him face to face, Ex 33:711 Nu 12:5, 12:10, Dt 31:14, 31:15; J seems to have same conception of an מ׳ א׳ outside the camp, Nu 11:24, 11:26; D has no allusion to such a tent; P mentions it 131 t. as מ׳ א׳; 19 t. as הָאֹהֶל (cf. Ez 41:1) & הָעֵדוּת א׳, tent of the testimony Nu 9:15, 17:22, 17:23, 18:2 (as containing ark & tables of the testimony) cf. 2 Ch 24:6; this tent sometimes confounded with the מִשְׁכָּן but distinguished in מ׳ מִשְׁכַּן א׳ Ex 39:32, 40:2, 40:6, 40:29, cf. 1 Ch 6:17; הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְהָאֹהֶל Nu 3:25; אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן Ex 35:11; tent was of three layers of skins, goatskins, ramskins, & tachash skins, each layer of eleven pieces stretched in form of a tent, covering & protecting the מִשְׁכָּן, wh. was in form of parallelopip. (Ex 26). An אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד was at Shilo 1 S 2:22 (om. LXX; v. Dr) cf. Ps 78:60, called יוֹסֵף א׳ v:67. The Mosaic מ׳ א׳ was later at Gibeon 2 Ch 1:3, 1:6, 1:13; courses of ministry arranged for service at מ׳ א׳ 1 Ch 6:17, 23:32 cf. 1 Ch 9:19 (הָא׳), v:21; v:23 (בֵּית הָא׳); David erected an אֹהֶל for ark on Mt. Zion 2 S 6:17, 1 Ch 15:1, 16:1, 2 Ch 1:4; Joab fled for refuge to יהוה א׳ 1 K 2:2830; sacred oil brought fr. הָא׳ 1 K 1:39; the מוֹעֵד א׳ was taken up into temple 1 K 8:4 = 2 Ch 5:5; י׳ had not previously dwelt in a בַּיִת, but had gone מֵאֹהֶל אֶל־אֹהֶל fr. tent to tent, fr. one to another, 1 Ch 17:5, cf. 2 S 7:6; יהוה א׳ (‖בַּיִת & הַר קֹדֶשׁ) is refuge & dwelling-place of righteous, Ps 15:1, 27:5, 27:6, 61:5 (cf. Ps 90:1).

14

†[אָהַל] vb. denom. tent, move tent fr. place to place (cf. As. âÕ’ilu (?) Dl:W No. 4 & Agl) וַיֶּאֱהַל Gn 13:12, 13:18 (J), cf. ישֵׁב אֹהֶל (v. אֹהֶל); Pi. Impf. יַהֵל (contr. for יְאַהֵל) pitch one's tent like nomad Is 13:20.

אָהֳלָה n.pr.f. Ohoála (for אָהֳלָהּ she who has a tent, tent-woman, i.e. worshipper at tent-shrine, v. Sm) of Samaria, adultress with Assyria Ez 23:4, 23:4, 23:5, 23:36, 23:44.

אָהֳלִיאָב n.pr.m. Ohoáliab (Father's tent, cf. Ph. אהלבעל, אהלמלך; Sab. אהלעתַתר, אהלאל chief assistant of Bezalel in construction of tabernacle, etc. Ex 31:6, 35:34, 36:1, 36:2, 38:23.

אָהֳלִיבָה n.pr.f. Ohŏliba (= אָהֳלִֽיבָהּ tent in her = (in meaning) אָהֳלָה cf. Sm) of Jerusalem as adulterous wife of י׳ Ez 23:4, 23:4, 23:11, 23:22, 23:36, 23:44.

אָהֳלִיבָמָה n.pr. Ohŏlibama (tent of the high place)

1. f. wife of Esau Gn 36:2, 36:5, 36:14, 36:18, 36:25.

2. m. an Edomite chief Gn 36:41, 1 Ch 1:52.

† II. [אָהַל] vb. Hiph. be clear, shine, Impf. 3 ms. נַאֲהִיל (subj. moon יָרֵחַ) Jb 25:5 (‖זַכּוּ subj. כוכבים, cf. also יִזְכֶּה v:4) (= יָהֵל, fr. הלל; by text. error ?) cf. Di so LXX > = I. אָהַל Kö:I, 373, after Ki).

†III. [אהל] n.[m.] odorif. tree, aloe (?) (? loan-word from Skr. aguru, agaru, dial. aghil, cf. Wilson:Skr. Dict.; M. Müller in Pusey:Dn 2d ed. p. 647 f; aloëxylon agallochum (cf. Sigismund:Aromata, Leipz. 1884, p. 38 f, MV cite Kondracki:Beltr. z. Kenntn. d. Aloe, Dorpat 1874 & Baer:Reden III, 293 f); others aloë succotrina (Schenkel:BL, cf. Di ad Nu 24:6); Wetzst in De:Ct 2d ed. 167 brings under I. אהל; he proposes cardamum, Ar. هَيْل fr. اُهَيل = little tents, from three-cornered shape of capsules)

1. pl. אֲהָלִים trees planted by י׳ Nu 24:6 (‖ארזים perh. error for אֵילִים cf. Di.

2. aloes, as sweet-smelling; perfume for bed, אֲהָלִים Pr 7:17 (‖מֹר, קִנָּמוֹן); for garments אֲהָלוֹת Ps 45:9 (‖מֹר, קְחִיעוֹת); of bride, under fig. of odorif. tree Ct 4:14 (‖מֹר, כָּל־רָאשֵׁי בְשָׂמִים).

אַהֲרֹן:346 n.pr.m. Aaron, elder brother of Moses Ex 7:7; the priest Ex 31:10 +; mentioned Ex 4:14, 15:20, 17:10, 24:1, 28:29 + (115 t. Ex); Lv 8:12, 8:23 + (80 t. Lv); Nu 20:24 f 33:39 + (101 t. Nu); 1 Ch 5:29 +; Mi 6:4 (only here in proph.) Ps 77:21, 105:26; called הַכֹּהֵן Ex 31:10, 35:19, 39:41, Lv 7:34 +, v. Ps 99:6 בְּכֹהֲנָיו משֶׁה וא׳; also הַכֹּהֵן בּן־א׳ Ex 38:21, Nu 3:32 + (all P) called קְדוֹשׁ יהוה Ps 106:16; oft. named with his sons Lv 2:3, 2:10, 6:2 +; בְּנֵי א׳ in strict sense Ex 28:1, 28:4, 28:40 + oft.; הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּנֵי א׳ Lv 1:5 + Nu 3:3 10:8 Jos 21:19, 1 Ch 6:42; of temple-priests in gen'l, as descendants of A., 2 Ch 26:18, 29:21, 31:19, 35:14, 35:14, v. also 13:9, 13:10 & cf. הַכֹּהֵן בֶּן־א׳ Ne 10:39; so בֵּית א׳ Ps 115:10, 115:12, 118:3, 135:19; אַהֲרֹן alone (= בֵּית א׳) 1 Ch 12:28 cf. 27:17.

אוֹ:320 أَوْ, ܐܰܘ, 0aw:), conj. or (whether aut or vel).

1. Gn 24:49, 31:43, Ex 4:11, Ct 2:9, Lv 13:24, Nu 5:30 + oft. (esp. in laws); sometimes implying a preference, nearly = or rather Gn 24:55 יָמִים אוֹ עָשׂוֹר a few days or ten Ju 18:19, 1 S 29:3. Prefixed to the first as well as to the second alternative (rare) either (whether) ... or Lv 5:1, 13:48, 13:51; = or, if not Ez 21:15 (si vera l.) Ke Mal 2:17, Jb 16:3, 22:11.

2. introducing a sentence, esp. a particular case under a general principle, or = or if Ex 21:31 אוֹ־בֵן יִגַּח וג׳ or if he gore a son, etc. v:36 Lv 4:23, 4:28 (v. Di) 5:21, 5:22, 25:49 b Nu 5:14, 2 S 18:13 or if I had dealt falsely against his life, then, etc., Ez 14:17, 14:19 or if I send, etc.

3. if perchance, 1 S 20:10 if perchance thy father answer thee with something hard, Lv 26:41.

4. once, with the juss. (as in Ar. with the subjunct. v. Dr:§ 175) = except: Is 27:5 I would burn them together, אוֹ יַחֲזֵק בְּמָעֻזִּי or else let him take hold (= except he take hold) of my strong-hold, etc.

15

אוּאֵל n.pr.m. a Judæan (will of God, cf. II. אוה; or contr.fr. אֲבוּאֵל cf. אִיעֶזֶר ?) Ezr 10:34.

אוב (meaning ? Thes comp. Ar. آبَ return, أَيَّابُ water-carrier; but cf. LagBN 90). MV comp. אבב (with conjectural sense) to get meaning have a hollow sound. Deriv. and signif. totally uncertain).

אוֹב n.m.:Jb 32:19 skin-bottle, necromancer, etc.—abs. א׳ Lv 20:27 + 8 t.; pl. אֹבוֹת Lv 19:31 + 7 t.—

1. skin-bottle, only pl. אֹבוֹת חֲדָשִׁים new (wine-) skins Jb 32:19.

2. necromancer, in phr. אוֹב אוֹ יִדְּעֹנִי necrom. or wizard Lv 20:27 (H; usually tr. ‘a man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit or that is a wizard’ RV; but better a man or a woman, if there should be among them, a necromancer or wizard; no suff. reason for exceptional use of phrase here); וְיִדְּעֹנִי א׳ Dt 18:11, 2 Ch 33:6 = 2 K 21:6 (where וידענים א׳); הָאֹבוֹת וְהַיִּדְּעֹנִים Lv 19:31, 20:6 (H) 1 S 28:3, 28:9, 2 K 23:24, Is 8:19 (where repres. as chirping & muttering, in practice of their art of seeking dead for instruction, prob. ventriloquism, & so LXX) 19:3.

3. ghost, Is 29:4 וְהָיָה כְּאוֹב מֵאֶרֶץ קוֹלֵח וּמֵעָפָר אִמְרָתֵח תְּחַפְחֵף and thy voice shall be as a ghost fr. the ground and fr. the dust thy speech shall chirp (so Ge MV Ew De Che al., but chirping might be of necromancer, as 8:19).

4. necromancy אֵשֶׁת בַּעֲלַת־אוֹב a woman who was mistress of necromancy 1 S 28:7, 28:7; (> RS:JPh xiv, 127 f makes אוֹב primarily a subterranean spirit, and signif. 2. only an abbrev. of בעלתא׳ etc.); קסם בּאוֹב divine by necromancy 1 S 28:8, which seems to be interpr. of 1 Ch 10:13 שׁאל בא׳ inquire by necromancy. (In these three exx. אוֹב is usually interpreted as ghost or familiar spirit conceived as dwelling in necromancer; but this apparently not the ancient conception.)

אֹבֹת n.pr.loc. (water-skins) station of Isr. in wildern. Nu 21:10, not found34:43; not yet determ., prob. on eastern skirts of Idumæa not far from Moab; acc. to Wetzst in De:Ct 168 Wêba, وَيْبَة in the Arabah, but identif. not prob.; cf. Di on Nu 21:10.

אוד (be curved, bent, also trans. burden, oppress, cf. Ar. أَوِدَ).

אוּד n.m. brand, fire-brand (orig. perh. bent stick used to stir fire) מֻצָּל מִשְּׂרֵפָה א׳ Am 4:11 = מֵאֵשׁ מ׳ א׳ Zc 3:2, pl. זַנְבוֹת הָאוּדִים הָעֲשֵׁנִים Is 7:4, stumps of smoking firebrands.

† [אוֹדָה] n.f. cause (perh. orig. circumstance, cf. Sab. אוד enclosing wall)—only pl. אוֹדֹת Gn 21:11 +; אֹדוֹת Nu 12:1 +; (8 t. + 2 S 13:16 vid. infra); אֹדוֹתַי Jos 14:6; אֹדוֹתֶיךָ ib.;—cause, alw. with על, & cstr., exc. Je 3:8, where sq. אֲשֶׁר; עַל־א׳ because of Gn 21:11, 21:25, Ex 18:8, Nu 12:1, 13:24, Ju 6:7, Je 3:8; = concerning (on occasion of) Gn 26:32, Jos 14:6, 14:6; in 2 S 13:16 rd., for אל־אֹדוֹת, אַל אָחִי כִּי LXXL It. We Dr.

אֵיד n.m.:Jb 18:12 distress, calamity (under wh. one bends, cf. Ar. آئِدُ burdening)—א׳ Jb 21:30 +; cstr. id. Jb 31:23 +; אֵידי 2 S 22:19 = Ps 18:19 etc.;—distress, calamity (poet. chiefly WisdLt & late); Pr 17:5, 27:10.

1. national calam. of Isr. (apostate) Je 18:17, Ez 35:5, Ob:13, Ob:13, Ob:13; of Egypt Je 46:21; Moab 48:16; Edom (עֵשָׂו א׳) 49:8; Hazor v:32.

2. of righteous sufferer 2 S 22:19 = Ps 18:19 cf. אֵל א׳ i.e. from God Jb 31:23 & אָרְחוֹת אֵידָם 30:12 their calamitous paths (sf. ref. to bereavement, pain, etc.)

3. oft. of wicked Jb 18:12, 21:17, 31:3, Pr 1:26, 1:27 (wisd. mocks at; ‖פַּחַד) 6:15, 24:22; also יוֹם א׳ Dt 32:35, Jb 21:30 (cf. supr. 2 S 22:19 = Ps 18:19, Pr 27:10, Je 18:17, 46:21, Ob:13, Ob:13, Ob:13 where ‖יוֹם אֹבֶד יוֹם חָרה v:12, v:14, cf. יוֹם יהוה v:15).

אֵד n.m. mist (deriv. dub.; Ar. آدَ = be strong; اِيَاد that which affords protection, shade; otherwise Dl:W 125) Gn 2:6; אֵדוֹ Jb 36:27.

I. אוה

1.Ar. أَوَي betake oneself to a place for dwelling, etc.;

2. id., be tenderly inclined.

† I. אִי n.m.:Is 20:5 († f.:Is. 23:2) coast, region 339 (contr. fr. אֱוִי so Ol:§ 152 b; place whither one betakes oneself for resting, etc., orig. fr. mariner's standpoint)—אִי abs. Is 20:6 +; cstr. Je 47:4; (Jb 22:30 v. sub IV. אִי cf. Di) pl. אִיִּים Ps 72:10 +; אִיִּן Ez 26:18 (Co איים) אִיֵּי Gn 10:5 +;—coast, border, region (mostly late), of Philistia & Phenicia with adjacent country Is 20:6, 23:2, 23:6; so of Caphtor (= Crete ) Je 47:4; מַלְכֵי הָאִי אֲשֶׁר בְּעֵבֶר הַיָּם Je 25:22; elswh. pl., coasts of Chittim Je 2:10, Ez 27:6, of Elishah v:7; different countries (on or in sea) v:3; v:15; v:35 26:15, 26:18, 26:18 (last del. Co cf. LXX) cf. 39:6, so also אִיֵּי הַגּוֹיִם Gn 10:5 (P); partic. אִיֵּי הַיָּם = coast-lands & islands Is 11:11, 24:15, ‖הָאָרֶץ Est 10:1; v. (without הַיָּם) Dn 11:18, & Ps 72:10; so oft. Is:2 incl. inhabitants, 41:1, 41:5, 42:4, 42:10 (אִיִּים וְישְׁבֵיהֶםהַיָּם וּמְלאֹוֹ) v:12, 49:1, 51:5, 59:18, 60:9, 66:19 cf. Je 31:10, Ps 97:1, Zp 2:11 (אִיֵּי הַגּוֹיִם); islands, distinctly (taken up by א׳ as little things) Is 40:15; coasts, banks, i.e. habitable lands Is 42:15 (‖נְהָרוֹת).

16

אִיתָמָר n.pr.m. ((is) land of palms ? Thes) youngest (4th) son of Aaron Ex 6:23, 28:1, 38:21, Lv 10:6, 10:12, 10:16, Nu 3:2, 3:4, 4:28, 4:33, 7:8, 26:60 (all P) 1 Ch 5:29, 24:1, 24:2, 24:3, 24:4, 24:4, 24:5, 24:6, Ezr 8:2.

† [אָוָה] vb. incline, desire (cf. Stem 2). Pi. Pf. אִוָּה Ps 132:13; אִוְּתָה Mi 7:1 +, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תְּאַוֶּה Dt 12:20 + 4 t.—desire subj. usually נֶפֶשׁ, obj. fruit Mi 7:1 (in metaph.); flesh (to eat) 1 S 2:16, cf. Dt 12:20 (sq. inf. לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר); food & drink Dt 14:26; of king desiring rule, וּמָלַכְתָּ בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תְּאַוֶּה נַפְשֶָׁךָ 2 S 3:21, 1 K 11:37; obj. evil (רַע) Pr 21:10; once obj. י׳ Is 26:9 נַפְשִׁי אִוִּיתִךָ בַּלַּיְלָה; of God וְנַפְשׁוֹ אִוְּתָה וַיַּעַשׂ Jb 23:13; as desiring Zion for dwelling-place (late, only cases without נפשׁ) Ps 132:13, 132:14; Hithp. Pf. הִתְאַוָּת Pr 21:26; הִתְאַוֵּיתִי Je 17:16; הִתְאַוּוּ Nu 11:4; וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶם Nu 34:10; Impf. יִתְאַוֶּה Ec 6:2; וַיִּתְאַוֶּה 2 S 23:15; apoc. וְיִתְאַו Ps 45:12, וַיִּתְאַו 1 Ch 11:17, etc.—Pt. fs. מִתְאַוָּה Pr 13:4; mpl. מִתְאַוִּים Am 5:18, Nu 11:34desire, long for, lust after, of bodily appetites; for dainty food Nu 11:4 (E; sq. acc. cogn.) = Ps 106:14, Nu 11:34 (E); sq. ל Pr 23:3, 23:6 cf. Ec 6:2 (sq. acc.), v. also Pr 13:4 (abs., subj. נֶפֶשׁ); abs. of extreme thirst 2 S 23:15 = 1 Ch 11:17; of king desiring the beauty (יְפִי) of princess Ps 45:12 (sq. acc.); of covetous man Pr 21:26 (sq. acc. cogn.); obj. בֵּית רֵעֲךָ Dt 5:18 (‖חמד); sq. inf. Pr 24:1 (of desiring evil companionship); obj. יוֹם י׳ Am 5:18 (acc.; of presumptuous, reckless longing) cf. Je 17:16. (Nu 34:7, 34:8 for תְּתָאוּ—Pi. of תאה—Di prop. תִּתְאַוֻּ, & queries whether this & הִתְאַוִּיתֶם v:10 are not fr. אוה, = desire for yourselves.)

[אַו] n.m. cstr. אוֹ, Kt Pr 31:4 desire, so Thes MV; but < Qr אֵי q.v.

† [אַוָּה] n.f. desire—cstr. אַוַּת Dt 12:15 + 5 t.; sf. אַוָּתִי Ho 10:10desire, will, usually sq. נֶפֶשׁ; of natural human desire (morally indiff.), for meat Dt 12:15, 12:20, 12:21; of longing for sanctuary 18:6; of royal good pleasure 1 S 23:20; without נֶפֶשׁ, of wild-ass Je 2:24; of divine will Ho 10:10.

אֱוִי n.pr.m. (desire ?) one of five chiefs of Midian Nu 31:8, Jos 13:21.

† [מַאֲוַי] n.[m.] desire pl. cstr. מַאֲוַיֵּי רָשָׁע Ps 140:9.

תַּאֲוָה n.f. desire—abs. Gn 3:6 +; cstr. תַּאֲוַת Ps 10:3 + etc.;—desire, wish Pr 13:12, 13:19, 18:1; of physical appetite, longing for dainty food מַאֲכַל ת׳ Jb 33:20; distinctly good sense Ps 10:17, 38:10, Pr 11:23, 19:22 (? cf. infr.) Is 26:8 (־נָ֑פֶשׁלְשִׁמְךָ וּלְזִכְרְךָ ת׳); bad sense, lust, appetite, covetousness Ps 10:3 (ת׳ נַפְשׁוֹ) 112:10; Pr 21:25, 21:26 (as acc. cogn.); particularly of longing for dainties of Egypt Nu 11:4, Ps 106:14 (both acc. cogn.) 78:30 & in n.pr. given to place where it occurred קִבְרוֹת הַתַּאֲוָה (q.v.) Nu 11:34, 11:35, 33:16, 33:17, Dt 9:22. 2. thing desired, in good sense Pr 10:24; bad sense Ps 78:29 so לִבּוֹ ת׳ Ps 21:3; thing desirable (to senses) Gn 3:6 (לְעֵינַיִם ת׳); perhaps also Pr 19:22 the ornament of a man is his kindness (Ra Ki, etc. but cf. supr.)

† II. [אָוָה] vb. sign, mark, describe with a mark (so Ges (who compares תאה, תוה) Dl:Pr 116 (not W)) only Hithp. Pf. הִתְאַוִּיתֶם לָכֶם mark you out, measure, Nu 34:10 (P), so Vrss (cf. תְּתָאוּ לָכֶם v:7; v:8; v. however Di, & sub I. אוה).

אוֹת n.m.:79 Ex4:8 (f.:Jos 24:17) sign (Ar. آيَة, pl. آيُ, Aram. אָתָא, ܐܳܬܳܐ)—א׳ Gn 4:15 +; cstr. 9:12 +; pl. אוֹתוֹת Ex 4:9 + etc.—

1. sign, pledge, token Gn 4:15 (J); אוֹת אֱמֶת true, token Jos 2:12 (J); of blood of passover Ex 12:13 (P); אוֹת לְטוֹבָה token for good Ps 86:17; pledges, assurances of travellers Jb 21:29.

2. signs, omens promised by prophets as pledges of certain predicted events 1 S 10:7, 10:9 + v:1 where א׳ ins. LXX Vulgate, vid. We Dr; esp. phr. זֶה הָאוֹת לְ Ex 3:12, 1 S 2:34, 14:10, 2 K 19:29, Je 44:29, Is 7:11, 7:14; prob. also Is 44:25 (of false proph.).

3. sign, symbol of prophets Is 8:18 cf. Ez 4:3.

4. signs, miracles, as pledges or attestations of divine presence & interposition Ex 4:8, 4:8, 4:9 (J) 7:3 (P) 8:19 (J) Ps 74:9, 2 K 19:29, 20:8, 20:9 = Is 37:30, 38:7, 38:22; c. עָשָׂה Ex 4:17, 4:30, Nu 14:11, 14:22, Jos 24:17 (all JE) Dt 11:3, Ju 6:17; c. חִוָּה Ex 4:28 (J); c. שִׁית 10:1 (J); c. שִׂים Ex 10:2 (J) Ps 78:43, Is 66:19; הָאוֹת וְהַמּוֹפֵת (v. מוֹפֵת) Dt 13:3 cf. 28:46, Is 20:3; אוֹ מ׳ א׳ Dt 13:2; אוֹתוֹת וּמוֹפְתִים Dt 4:34 7:19, 26:8, 29:2, Je 32:31; c. נָתַן Dt 6:22, Ne 9:10; c. שִׂים Je 32:20, Ps 105:27; c. שָׁלַח Dt 34:11, Ps 135:9.

5. signs, memorials, stones fr. Jordan Jos 4:6 (J); metal of censers Nu 17:3 (P); Aaron's rod Nu 17:25 (P); עוֹלָם א׳ Is 55:13 prob. also Ez 14:8 (‖מָשָׁל); signs on hands, etc., Ex 13:9, 13:16 (J) = Dt 6:8, 11:18, prob. belong here; also memorial pillar in Egypt Is 19:20.

6. sign, pledge of convenant, הַבְּרִית א׳ (v. ברית) e.g. rainbow, of Noachian convenant Gn 9:12, 9:13, 9:17 (P); circumcision, of Abrahamic convenant Gn 17:11 (P); the sabbath Ex 31:13, 31:17 (P); Ez 20:12, 20:20.

7. ensigns, standards Nu 2:2 (P) Ps 74:4.

8. signs, tokens of changes of weather & times Gn 1:14 (P; of heavenly luminaries) אוֹתוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם Je 10:2 (changes of the heavens as omens to frighten the nations) cf. Ps 65:9.

17

אוּזַי n.pr.m. a Judæan, Ne 3:25.

אוֹי interj. (onomatop.; cf. ܐܘܽܝ, ܘܳܝ) woe! an impassioned expression of grief and despair: usually with dative אוֹי לִי Is 6:5 woe to me! for I am undone, so 24:16, Je 10:19, 15:10; אוֹי לָנוּ woe to us! 1 S 4:7, 4:8, Je 4:13, 6:4; אוֹי־נָא לִי Je 4:31, 45:3; אוֹי־נָא לָנוּ La 5:16. With the 2nd or 3rd ps. often implying a denunciation; אוֹי־לְךָ מוֹאָב Nu 21:29 (= Je 48:46) Je 13:27, Ez 16:23 repeated אוֹי אוֹי לָח; Is 3:9 אוֹי לְנַפְשָׁם v:11, Ho 7:13, 9:12 (‖שֹׁד לָהֶם). With a voc. (or implicit accus.) Ez 24:6, 24:9 אוֹי עִיר הַדָּמִים; absol. Nu 24:23. Used as a subst. Pr 23:29 לְמִי אוֹי (‖לְמִי אֲבוֹי).

אוֹיָה = אוֹי Ps 120:5 א֣וֹיָה לִּ֖י.

III. אוה (to cry אוֹי, howl cf. Ar. آهَ, to cry آهِ to be assumed prob. as source of two foll. words).

† II. [אִי] n.m. jackal (howler, for *אָוִי v. Ba:NB 188, cf. Ar. إِبنُآوَي, whence ܒܢܳܬ ܐܰܘܰܝ)—pl. אִיִּים, Is 13:22, 34:14, Je 50:39 (inhabitant of desert, ruin).

† I. אַיָּה n.f. hawk, falcon, kite (perh. fr. cry; cf. Ar. يُؤْيُؤ, a kind of hawk) Lv 11:14, Dt 14:13 generic, cf. לְמִינָהּ & Di; Jb 28:7 (keen-sighted).

† II. אַיָּה n.pr.m. (falcon)

1. a Horite Gn 36:24, 1 Ch 1:40.

2. father of Rizpah 2 S 3:7, 21:8, 21:10, 21:11.

אֱוִיּל מְרֹדַךְ n.pr.m. (Bab. A vêl (Amêl) Maruduk, man of Merodach) son & successor of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, B.C. 562–60, 2 K 25:27 (v. COT) = Je 52:31.

I. אול (be foolish, cf. יאל, & Ar. آلَ grow thick (of fluids)).

אֱוִיל:26 adj. (foolishא׳ Jb 5:2 +; pl. אֱוִילִים Ps 107:17 +, etc.;—foolish, Pr 29:9 (אִישׁ א׳) Ho 9:7 (pred. of prophet); cf. Is 35:8, elsewhere n.m. fool (always morally bad), who despises wisdom & discipline Pr 1:7, 15:5; mocks at guilt 14:9; is quarrelsome 20:3; licentious 7:22; it is folly & useless to instruct him 16:22, 27:22 (19 t. Pr); cf. also Je 4:22, Jb 5:2, 5:3, Is 19:11, Ps 107:17.

אֱוִלִי adj. id. Zc 11:15.

אִוֶּ֫לֶת:25 n.f. folly.—abs. Pr 12:23 +; cstr. 14:8 +; sf. אִוַּלְתִּי Ps 38:6, etc.;—folly, special product of כְּסִילִים (v. כֶּסֶל) Pr 12:23 + (12 t.); c. פְּתָאִים Pr 14:18; c. אֱוִלִיים only 16:22, 27:22 for alliteration. It is bound up in mind of boy, to be removed only by rod of discipline Pr 22:15; א׳ personif. tears down house built by חַכְמוֹת נָשִׁים Pr 14:1; it is contrasted with תְּבוּנָה Pr 14:29, 15:21.

II. אול, איל (be in front of, precede, lead; v. Thes Nö:MBA 1880, 774; SBA 1882, 1175, who comp. Ar أَوَّلُ for اَاوَلُ, Targ. אוולא; cf. Sab. אול DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 33. 34; v. on the other hand Lag:Or ii. p. 3; M i. p.100 & sub I. אלה infr.)

†I. [אוּל] n.[m.] body, belly; sf. אוּלָם (in contempt) Ps 73:4 (lit. their front, prominent part).

† II. [אוּל] n.[m.] leading man, noble; pl. cstr. אוּלֵי הָאָרֶץ 2 K 24:15 Kt (Qr אֵילֵי v. III. [איל]).

† I. אוּלָם n.m.:1 K 7:8 porch (cf. אֵילָם)—א׳ abs. 1 K 6:3 +; אֻלָם Ez 40:48, 40:49; cstr. אוּלָם 1 K 7:6 +; אֻלָם Ez 40:7 + (marg. אֻלָּם 1 K 7:7, 7:12, 7:21); pl. cstr. אֻלַמֵּי Ez 41:15 (Co sg. c. sf.; in Ez Co rds. everywhere אילם vid. אֵילָם infr.)—porch(only K Ch Ez & Jo).

1. in Soloman's temple 1 K 7:19, 2 Ch 29:7, יהוה א׳ v:17, 8:12 (altar in front of); יהוה א׳ 15:8 (id.), cf. בֵּין הָאוּלָם וּבֵין הַמִּזְבֵּתַ Ez 8:16 & Jo 2:17; הַהֵיכָל א׳ 1 K 7:21; הַבַּיִת א׳ v:12; תַּבְנִית הָא׳ 1 Ch 28:11.

2. in Sol.'s palace 1 K 7:8, 7:8; הָעַמּוּדִים א׳ 1 K 7:6 cf. v:6; הַכִּסֵּא א׳ 7:7 = הַמִּשְׁפָּט א׳ v:7.

3. in temple of Ezek.'s vision, partic. הַשַּׁעַר א׳ Ez 40:7, 40:8 (del. Co vid. LXX SyrVer Vulgate):9, 9, 15, 39, 40, 44:3, 46:2, 46:8; הַבַּיִת א׳ 40:48 cf. v:48, v:49, 41:25, 41:26; אֻלַמֵּי הֶחָחֵר Ez 41:25 Co sg. ואילמו החיחון v. אֵילָם.—(III. אוּלָם, adv., v. p. 19.)

II. אוּלָם n.pr.m. only geneal.

1. 1 Ch 7:16, 7:17.

2. 1 Ch 8:39, 8:40.

I. אַ֫יִל:156 n.m.: Gn 22:13 ram (as leader of flock, NHeb. & Aram. id., As. ailu Dl:W, Ph. איל, = אַיִל rather than אַיָּל, cf. CIS:l. p. 231)—אַיִל (אָָיִל) Gn 15:9 +; cstr. אֵיל Ex 29:22 +; pl. אֵילִים (אֵילִם, אֵלִים) Gn 32:15 +; cstr. אֵילֵי Gn 31:38, Is 60:7.—ram,

1. used as food Gn 31:38 (E) Dt 32:14 (cf. ram of sacrifice, infr. e.g. Ex 29:32 cf. Lv 8:31); as yielding wool 2 K 3:4; as tribute 2 Ch 17:11; as merchandise Ez 27:21; as gift Gn 32:15 (E); in sim. of leaping, skipping Ps 114:4 (הֶהָרִים רָקְדוּ כְּא׳) v:6; in Dn.'s vision, ram with two horns symbol. kings of Media and Persia Dn 8:3, 8:4, 8:6, 8:7, 8:7, 8:7, 8:7, 8:20; fig. of rich and powerful in Isr. Ez 34:17.

2. slain in ceremony of ratification of convenant betw. י׳ & Abr. Gn 15:9 (J); in Abr.'s sacrif. Gn 22:13, 22:13 (E); Balaam's sacrif. Nu 23:1 + 5 t. Nu 23 (JE); so in ritual (P), (a) in consecration ceremony of Aaron & his sons Ex 29:1 + 15 t. Ex 29 (א׳ מִלֻּאִים v:22 cf. v:26, v:27, v:31) Lv 8:2 + 8 t. Lv 8 (הַמִּלֻּאִים א׳ v:22, v:29 הָעֹלָה א׳ v:18); (b) in guilt-offering (אָשָׁם) Lv 5:15, 5:16, 5:18, 5:25, 19:21, 19:22 cf. Ezr 10:19 & הַכִּפֻּרִים א׳ Nu 5:8; (c) burnt-offering (עֹלָה) Lv 9:2 & Nu 15:6, 15:11 & Ez 46:4, 46:5, 46:6, 46:7, 46:11, on day of atonement Lv 16:3, 16:5, Pentecost 23:18; (d) peace-offering (שְׁלָמִים) Lv 9:4, 9:18, 9:19; beginning of month Nu 28:11, 28:12, 28:14 cf. 29:2, 29:3; passover v:19; v:20 cf. Ez 45:23, 45:24; day of firstfruits v:27; v:28; in 7th month 29:8 + 18 t. Nu 29; (e) in law of Nazarite Nu 6:14, 6:17, 6:19; (f) in consecration of altar of tabernacle Nu 7:15 + 25 t. Nu:7, cf. consecr. of Ezek.'s temple-altar Ez 43:23, 43:25; (g) more generally 1 S 15:22, Is 1:11, Mi 6:7, Jb 42:8, Ps 66:15, also Is 34:6, 60:7; at bringing ark to Jerus. 1 Ch 15:26; others occasions 29:21, 2 Ch 13:9, 29:21, 29:22, 29:32, Ezr 8:35; cf. fig. Je 51:40, Ez 39:18.

3. עֹרֹת אֵילִים מְאָדָּמִים ramsÕ’ skins dyed red, of covering of tabernacle Ex 25:5, 26:14, 35:7, 35:23, 36:19 cf. 39:34 (all P).

18

II. אַ֫יִל n.[m.] projecting pillar or pilaster—א׳ abs. 1 K 6:31 (but v. infr.) cstr. id. Ez 40:14 (but del. Co):16 (Co better אֵילָיו); אֵיל 41:3, אֵל 40:48; pl. אֵילִים 40:14 +; אֵילִם 40:10; sf. אילו Kt 40:9 + 7 t.; אלו Kt 40:29 + 2 t. Qr (in all) אֵילָיו, אֵלָיו; אֵלֵיהֵמַָה 40:16; —pilaster or projection in wall at each side of entrance (cf. Bö:Proben, 302; NÄ 927), in Sol.’s temple 1 K 6:31 (Bö:NÄ 525 rds. אֵילָם), in Ezek.'s temple Ez 40:9, 40:10 + 14 t. Ez 40, 41 + 40:14 a Ew Hi Co אילם cf. LXX B; 40:38 rd. אילם so Sm Co cf. LXX; 40:14 b Co del. א׳.

III. [אַ֫יִל?] n.m. leader, chief (= ram, as leader of flock ? cf. Di Ex 15:15 Ol:§142 f Lag:BN 170 & v. Ez 34:17)—cstr. אֵל Ez 31:11; pl. cstr. אֵילֵי Ex 15:15, Ez 17:13 + 2 K 24:15 Qr (Kt אולי v. אוּל); אֵלֵי Ez 32:21 (del. Co, v. LXX).—leader, chief מוֹאָב א׳ Ex 15:15; הָאָרֶץ א׳ Ez 17:13, 2 K 24:15 Qr; גּוֹיִם א׳ Ez 31:11 (אֵלִים Jb 41:17 v. sub אלה; perh. אֵלֵיהֶם Ez 31:14 but cf. infr. IV. איל & also אֶל Note 1).

† IV. [אַ֫יִל?] n.m. terebinth (prob. as prominent, lofty tree, v. Di Gn 12:6, 14:6)—cstr. אֵיל only n.pr. אֵיל פָּארָן vid. infr.; pl. אֵילִים Is 1:29; אֵלִים Is 57:5 cstr. אֵילֵי Is 61:3; sf. אֵלֵיהֶם Ez 31:14 (> del. Co. vid. Vulgate U).—terebinth (cf. אֵלָה); as marking idol-shrines Is 1:29, 57:5 (so Che Di etc. > gods); fig. of ransomed ones of Zion אֵילֵי הַצֶּדֶק; perh. of haughty ones Ez 31:14.

אֵיל פָּארָן n.pr.loc (terebinth (or palm ? v. Di) of Paran) town & harbour at head of Ælanitic Gulf Gn 14:6 (v. Di); = אֵלָה 36:41; אֵילַת Dt 2:8, 2 K 14:22, 16:6; אֵילוֹת 1 K 9:26, 2 K 16:6; close to Ezion Geber (v. עֶחְיוֹן גֶּבֶר).

† [אֵילִים], alw. אֵילִם n.pr.loc. (= place of terebinths or other great trees, v. Di Gn 14:6 & Ex 15:27 (12 fountains & 70 palms)) 2nd station of Isr. in desert after passing sea Ex 16:1, 16:1, Nu 33:9, 33:10; אֵי֫לִמָה Ex 15:27, Nu 33:9; prob. = Wady Gharandel cf. Rob:BR i. 100, 105.

† I. אֵלָה n.f. terebinth (= אֵילָה (?) v. IV. איל > Sta:Gesch. 455 wh. derives fr. אֵל = divine; but cf. ib. on lack of clear distinction betw. אֵלָה, אֵלוֹן & אַלּוֹן)—Gn 35:4 + 15 t. + אֵילָה Gn 49:21 (for MT אַיָּלָה v. infr.)—terebinth = Pistacia terebinthus, Linn., a deciduous tree with pinnate leaves & red berries; occasional in Palestine; grows to great age; always of single tree; near Shechem Gn 35:4 (E) cf. †אַלָּה Jos 24:26 (E, rd. אֵלָה ?), Ophrah Ju 6:11, 6:19; in Jabesh 1 Ch 10:12; tree in which Absalom was caught 2 S 18:9, 18:9, 18:10, 18:14; v. also 1 K 13:14; expressly of idol-shrine Ho 4:13 (‖אַלּוֹן, לִבְנֶה) Ez 6:13; as fading, withering, sim. of Judah Is 1:30; as hewn down, sim. id. 6:13 (‖אַלּוֹן); fig. of Naphtali אֵילָה שְׁלֻחָה Gn 49:21 (LXX Ew Ol Di > MT אַיָּלָה hind q.v.) a slender terebinth, v. Di & cf. II. אֵלָה; in topogr. designat. עֵמֶק הָא׳ 1 S 17:2, 17:19, 21:10 (v. עֵמֶק).

†II. אֵלָה n.pr.m. (terebinth, cf. Gn 49:21 sub I. אֵלָה)

1. a chief of Edom Gn 36:41 = 1 Ch 1:52 (= אֵילַת n.pr.loc. ? v. Di).

2. son of Baasha; reigned two years in Isr. 1 K 16:6, 16:8, 16:13, 16:14.

3. father of Hoshea who was last king of Isr. 2 K 15:30, 17:1, 18:1, 18:9.

4. a son of Caleb 1 Ch 4:15, 4:15.

5. a son of Uzzi 1 Ch 9:8.

† I. אֵלוֹן n.[f.] terebinth (= אֵלָה)—א׳ cstr. Gn 12:6 + 4 t.; pl. cstr. אֵלוֹנֵי Gn 13:18 + 3 t.—terebinth (or other tall tree, cf. infr. on 1 S 10:3, Ju 4:5), marking shrine, & hence used in topogr. designations; מוֹרֶה א׳ (teacher's terebinth) Gn 12:6 (v. Di) so Dt 11:30; מְעוֹנְנִים א׳ (eonjurors&atO;’ tereb.) Ju 9:37; distinguished by owner or ruler מַמְרֵא א׳ Gn 13:18, 14:13, 18:1; by neighbouring town חענים(ב) Ju 4:11; cf. בְּחַעֲנַנִּים א׳ Jos 19:33 (edd. אַלּוֹן, but v. Norzi Baer Di.); מֻצָּב אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁכֶם אֵ׳ Ju 9:6 (cf. אֵלָה Gn 35:4); תָּבוֹר א׳ 1 S 10:3 rd. דְּבוֹרָה א׳ (& cf. אַלּוֹן בָּכוּת Gn 35:8, & תֹּמֶר דְּבוֹרָה Ju 4:5) cf. Ew:Gesch. iii. 31 Th Di Gn 35:8 (v. also sub אַלּוֹן).

19

† II. אֵלוֹן n.pr.m. (= id. cf. אֵלָה n.pr.)

1. a son of Zebulun Gn 46:14, Nu 26:26.

2. אֵילֽן Gn 26:34; אֵיִלוֹן 36:2 a Hittite, father-in-law of Esau.

3. אֵילוֹן Ju 12:11, 12:12 a judge of Isr., of tribe of Zeb. 4. n.pr.loc. אֵילוֹן Jos 19:43 a town of Dan; so 1 K 4:9 (where rd. וּבֵית ח׳ א׳ Th Klo).

אֵלֽנִי adj.gent. of אֵלוֹן

1. (as n. coll.) Nu 26:26.

אֵילַת n.pr.loc. (lofty tree (s coll.?) i.e. palms? cf. Di Gn 14:6) town & harbour, N.E. arm of Red Sea, hence called Ælanitic Gulf (= Gulf of Akaba, fr. neighbouring fortress) Dt 2:8, 2 K 14:22, 16:6, 16:6 (perh. later designat. for fuller איל פארן q.v.) = LXX Αἰλων, Αἰλαθ Gr. Αἰλανα etc.; = אֵלָה (? Gn 36:41 v. Di), אֵילוֹת infr.

אֵילוֹת n.pr.loc. id. (grove of lofty trees (palms?)) 1 K 9:26, 2 K 16:6, 2 Ch 8:17, 26:2 (cf. אֵיל פָּאוָן, אֵילַת).

[אֵילָם] n.m. (= אוּלָם), q.v.; only Ez, where Co always for אוּלָם, cf. LXX αἰλαμ; Bö:NÄ 929; makes אילם vestibule, אולם porch)—אֵילָם rd. for אֵילִים Ez 40:37 (so Sm Co); sf. אילמו Kt Ez 40:22, 40:22 + 4 t. (Qr אֵילַמָּיו) + 41:15 Co (for MT אֻלַמֵּי); אלמו Kt Ez 40:21 + 6 t. (Qr אֵלַמָּיו).—Co all sg.:—pl. אֵלַמּוֹת Ez 40:16 (Co sg.) v:30 (del. Co cf. MSS. of HCT, B etc., also Ew Hi Sm).—porch, of Ezek.'s temple Ez 40:16, 40:21 + 13 t.

אַיָּל n.[m.] (f. Ps 42:2) hart, stag, deer (Aram. id., ܐܰܝܠܳܐ, Ar. إِيَّلُ, As. ailu Dl:w, but dub., v. Hpt:BAS i. 170; Eth. hayal: = leader ? cf. איִל)—א׳ abs. Dt 12:15 + 6 t.; pl. אַיָּלִים Ct 2:9 + 3 t.;—hart, stag, allowed as food Dt 12:15, 12:22, 15:22 (all ‖חְבִי); 14:5; (‖חְבִי, יַחְמוּר etc.); eaten in Sol.'s household 1 K 5:3 (‖ as Dt 14:5); sim. of leaping Is 35:6; id. עֹפֶר הָא׳ Ct 2:9, 2:17, 8:14 (all ‖חְבִי); as in search of pasture, sim. of princes of Judah La 1:6; as longing for water, sim. of longing for י׳ Ps 42:2.

אַיָּלָה n.f. hind, doe—א׳ abs. Gn 49:21 (but rd. אֵילָה v. infr.); אַיֶּ֫לֶת Je 14:5; cstr. אַיֶּ֫לֶת Ps 22:1, Pr 5:19; pl. אַיָּלוֹת Ps 29:9 + 4 t; cstr. אַיְלוֹת Ct 2:7, 3:5hind, doe, as calving Jb 39:1 (חֹלֵל א׳לֶדֶת יַעֲלֵי סָָלַע) cf. Ps 29:9 יְחוֹלֵל א׳ קוֹל י׳; in adjuration הַשָּׂדֶה בָּחְבָאוֹת אוֹ בְּא׳ Ct 2:7, 3:5; in sim. מְשַׁוֶּה רַגְלַי כָּא׳ Ps 18:34 = 2 S 22:34 cf. כָּא׳ וַיָּשֶׂם ר׳ Hb 3:19 i.e. surefooted, secure, cf. ‖וְעַל בָּמֹתַי יַעֲמִידֵנִי Ps 18:34 (2 S 22:34; so Hb 3:19 but vb. יַדְרִכֵנִי metaph. of Naphtali Gn 49:21 שְׁלֻחָה א׳, but rd. אֵילָה, cf. sub. I. אֵלָה; in name of a melody Ps 22:1 עַל־אַיֶּלֶת הַשַּׁחַר cf. De, & for hind as fig. of dawn Yom.:29 a.

אַיָּלוֹן n.pr.loc. (Deer -field) Aijalon—א׳ Jos 10:12 + 8 t.; אַיָּ֫לֽנָה 1 S 14:31

1. city in Dan Jos 19:42, 21:24 (Levit. city) Ju 1:35, 1 S 14:31 doubtless same; so 1 Ch 6:54 (where Dan om.); app. later in Benj. 1 Ch 8:13, 2 Ch 11:10, 28:18 (v. Be); עֵמֶק אַיָּלוֹן Jos 10:12 almost certainly named from same; = Epiph. ̓Ιαλω mod. Jâlo Rob:BR ii. 253, Survey:iii. 19.

2. city in Zebulun Ju 12:12.

† I. [אוּלַי] n.pr.fl. Ulai, Eulaeus (As. Ulâi, cf. Dl:Pa 329 Gr. Εὐλαιος) only אוּלָָי, river of Elam Dn 8:2, 8:16; = (at least in lower part) mod. Karûn (old Pasitigris) v. Dl:Pa 177. 189. 329; in upper part perh. also = mod. Kerkhah (= Choaspes), which. was formerly connected with Karûn not far from Susa (Loftus:Trav. & Researches, 423 ff Schaff-Herz.:iii. 2178, art. Shushan).

II. אוּלַי:44 and (Gn 24:39) אֻלַי adv. (perh. from אוֹ & לַי = לֵי, לֵא, as in לוּלֵא, = or not ?).

1. peradventure, perhaps; usually expressing a hope, as Gn 16:2, Nu 22:6, 22:11, 23:3; 1 S 6:5, Je 20:10; but also a fear or doubt, as Gn 27:12; Jb 1:5, sq. לאֹ Gn 24:5, 24:39; in mockery Is 47:12; Je 51:8.

2. followed by another clause ἀσυνδέτως, it, it expresses vir-tually the protasis = if peradventure Gn 18:24, 18:28 (cf. v:2932) Ho 8:7 the blade shall yield no meal; אוּלַי יַעֲשֶׂה זָרִים יִבְלָעֻהוּ if perchance it yield, strangers shall swallow it up.

3. in Nu 22:33 לוּלֵי (q.v) must be read; unless she had turned aside from me, surely, etc.

I. & II. אוּלָם n.m. & n.pr.m. v. sub II. אול. p. 17

† III. אוּלָם and (Jb 17:10, perhaps for sake of assonance with following כֻּלָּם) אֻלָּם adv. but, but indeed, a strong adversative Jb 2:5, 5:8, 13:3 (where LXX excellently οὐ μὴν ἀλλά). More usually with וְ, וְאוּלָם Gn 28:19 (cf. Ju 18:29) 48:19 howbeit his younger brother shall be greater than he, Ex 9:16 but in very deed, Nu 14:21 (cf. 1 S 20:3, 25:34) 1 K 20:23; Mic 3:8; Jb 1:11, 11:5, 12:7, 13:4, 14:18, 17:10, 33:1.

I. און (cf. Ar. آنَ (med. ي) be fatigued, tired, أَيْن weariness, sorrow, trouble).

אָ֫וֶן:85 n.m.:Jb 5:6 trouble, sorrow, wickedness—abs. Nu 23:21 +; sf. אוֹנִי Gn 35:18 etc.; pl. אוֹנִים Ho 9:4

1. trouble, sorrow בֶּן־אוֹנִי son of my trouble or sorrow Gn 35:18 (E); לֽא הִבִּיט אָוֶן בְּיַעֲקֹב Nu 23:21 (song of Balaam), he doth not behold trouble in Jacob (‖ he doth not see misery—עָמָל—in Isr); oft. ‖עָמָל Ps 7:15 (הִנֵּה יְחַבֶּל־אָוֶן lo he travaileth with troubleוְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָָׁקֶר, yea he hath conceived misery & brought forth a lie), prob. thence Jb 15:35 (הָרהֹ עָמָל וְיָלֽד אָוֶן) = Is 59:4; cf. עָמָל וָאָוֶן Ps 10:7, 55:11, 90:10, Jb 4:8, 5:6, Is 10:1 (v. עָמָל); also זוֹרֵעַ עַוְלָה יִקְחָר־אָוֶן Pr 22:8 the sower of iniquity shall reap trouble; in this sense elsewh. only Dt 26:14, Pr 12:21; Je 4:15; Hb 3:7; Am 5:5, pl. intens. לֶחֶם אוֹנִים bread of trouble, sorrow, or mourning Ho 9:4.

2. idolatry Ho 12:12; Is 41:29; אָוֶן וּתְרָפִים הַפְחַָר stubbornness is idolatry & (the use of) teraphim 1 S 15:23 (poet. source); אָוֶן בֵּית Ho 4:15 (for בֵּית אֵלbecause Bethel, house of God, is given over to idolatry) so also 5:8; 10:5 cf. בָּמוֹת א׳ Ho 10:8; בִּקְעַת א׳ Am 1:5 (Baalbek); בַּחוּרֵי א׳ rd. אוֹן, אֹן = On, Heliopolis Ez 30:17; —abstr. for concr. = idols Is 66:3.

3. trouble of iniquity, wickedness, מְתֵי אָוֶן Jb 22:15; אַנְשֵׁי א׳ 34:36 = men of trouble, troublers, wicked men; cf. אִישׁ א׳ Pr 6:12; Is 55:17; פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן workers of trouble, evil-doers, workers of iniquity Jb 31:3, 34:8, 34:22, Ps 5:6; + (16 t. chiefly late Psalm) Pr 10:29, 21:15, Is 31:2, Ho 6:8; מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן thoughts of trouble, wicked imaginations Pr 6:18, Is 59:7, Je 4:14; oft. of words & thoughts Jb 11:11 + (5 t.) Ps 36:5 + (9 t.) Pr 17:4, 19:28, 30:20, Is 29:20, 32:6, 58:9, 59:6, Ez 11:2, Mi 2:1, Hb 1:3, Zc 10:2; לֽא אוּכַל אָוֶן וַעֲחָרָה Is 1:13 I cannot bear iniquity with the solemn meeting (RV & most mod.; AV it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting).

20

תְּאֻנִים n.[m.] toil Ez 24:12 הֶלְאָת תּ׳ she hath wearied (me or herself) with toil (but Co del. as dittogr. cf. LXX).

II. און (cf. Ar. آنَ (med.ُ) be at rest, at ease, enjoy life of plenty; أَةِنَ one enjoying a life of ease, freedom from toil & trouble).

† I. אוֹן n.m. vigour, wealth—abs. Ho 12:9, sf. אוֹנִי Gn 49:3 + etc.; pl. אוֹנִים Ps 78:51 +.

1. manly vigour בְּאוֹנוֹ שָׂרָה אֶת־אֱלֽהִים Ho 12:4 (of Jacob); רֵאשִׁית אוֹן beginning of manly vigour Gn 49:3 (of Reuben, first-born of Jacob); Dt 21:17, Ps 105:36 (firstborn Egyptians), so 78:51, רֵאשִׁית אוֹנִים where א׳ is assim. to מִחְרַיִם, or intens. pl.

2. strength of man Jb 18:7, 18:12; behemoth Jb 40:16; pl. intens. מֵרֹב אוֹנִים Is 40:26 because of the abundance of great strength (of God); of man אֵין אוֹנִים Is 40:29 one not having strength; תּוֹחֶלֶת אוֹנִים Pr 11:7 hope in strength (not the hope of iniquity RV, or of unjust men AV).

3. wealth Jb 20:10, Ho 12:9 לִי מָחָאתִי א׳ (‖עָשַׁרְתִּי).

† II. אוֹן n.pr.m. (vigour) a chief of tribe of Reuben Nu 16:1.

אוֹנוֹ n.pr.loc. (vigorous, for אונון) city in Benjamin Ezr 2:33, Ne 7:37, 11:35, 1 Ch 8:12; valley of same name Ne 6:2; prob. Kefr ï‘Anâ, NW. of Lydda, Survey:11, 251.

אוֹנָם n.pr.m. (vigorous).

1. chief of Horites Gn 36:23, 1 Ch 1:40.

2. chief of tribe of Judah 1 Ch 2:26, 2:28.

אוֹנָן n.pr.m. (vigorous) son of Judah Gn 38:4, 38:8, 38:9, 46:12, 46:12, Nu 26:19, 26:19, 1 Ch 2:3.

אוֹן n.pr.loc v. אֹן. p. 58

אוניות 2 Ch 8:18 Kt v. אֳנִי sub אנה.

אוּפָז (n.pr.loc. unknown & dub.) whence came gold, זָהָב מֵא׳ Je 10:9; כֶּֽתֶם א׳ Dn 10:5; so Thes 1 K 10:18 זָהָב מוּפָז (מוּפָז = מֵא׳); but LXX δόκιμος, & 2 Ch 9:17 טָהוֹר, whence MV Klo make מוּפָז Hoph. Pt. fr. פזז q.v. Klo rds. אוֹפִיר (q.v.) for אוּפָז Je 10:9, Dn 10:5, in view of כֶּתֶם אוֹפִיר Is 13:12.

אוֹפִיר n.pr. Ophir—א׳ 1 K 10:11 +; אוֹפִ֫ירָה 9:28 + אוֹפִרGn 10:29; אֹפִיר1 K 10:11

1. n.pr.m. 11th son of Joktan Gn 10:29 (J) = 1 Ch 1:23; LXX Οὐφειρ, ̓Ωφειρ, name of an Arabian tribe, vid. Gn 10:30 & Di.

2. n.pr.loc. (land or city S. or SE. fr. Palestine, exact position unknown, cf. infr.; LXX Σωφηρα, Σωφειρα, Σουφειρ, etc.; Jb 28:16 ̓Ωφειρ AC, cf. 1 K 22:49 A ̓Ωφειρδε, B om.) place whither Sol.'s ships went fr. Ezion Geber, bringing thence gold 1 K 9:28—cf. 22:492 Ch 8:18; gold, almug- (sandal-?) wood & gems 10:11, 10:11, cf. 2 Ch 9:10; prob. 1 K 10:22 ref. to same ships; they came once in three years with gold, silver, ivory, apes & peacocks (all fr. Ophir ?); 2 Ch 9:21 makes these ships go to Tarshish (but on Tarshish-ships, i.e. large, sea-going vessels, merchantmen, v. 1 K 22:49 & sub תַּרְשִׁישׁ).

3. characteristic of fine gold (poet. & late) זְהַב א׳ 1 Ch 29:4; כֶּתֶם א׳ Is 13:12, Jb 28:16, Ps 45:10.

4. hence for fine gold itself Jb 22:24 (‖בֶּחֶר).—(If 2 = 1, then southern, prob. south-eastern, Arabia (cf. Di Gn 10:29) furnished the gold; and other articles, which point farther E. (e.g. to India, toward which the words קוֹפִים apes & תֻּכִּיִּים peacocks seem to lead), were either brought to Ophir by traders, & so found there by Sol.'s men, or were found elsewhere by the latter, whose cruise may have taken them beyond Ophir, the name of Ophir alone, as source of gold-supply, being preserved. If (less likely) 1 & 2 are not the same, the only data for determining loc. of 2 are the articles brought, & one may look toward India, Ceylon or other islands, or even lower Africa. Particular theories have as yet no adequate support; e.g. (a) old city Supara, or Uppara, in the region of Goa, Malabar coast (cf. LXX supr. 2, but also 1; form with Σ said on Copt. authority to denote India, v. Jablonskii:Opusc. ed. te Water i. 337; cf. also Jos:Ant. viii. 6. 4; in that case its use by LXX may indicate a theory of the location of Ophir); (b) peninsula Malacca; (c) island Sumatra; (d) Sofâla, with city Zimbabye (SE. Africa); (e) west coast of Arabia (where gold & silver formerly found), etc. On these & other theories, v. Di Gn 10:29 Ri:HWB, Herzog, Smith:Dict. Bib.; cf. Glaser:Skizze ii. 367 ff.)

21

† [אוּץ] vb. press, be pressed, make haste—Qal Pf. אָץ Jos 10:13, 17:15; אַ֫חְתִּי Je 17:16 Pt. אָץ Pr 19:2 + 3 t. Pr; אָחִים Ex 5:13; —

1. press, hasten (trans. but obj. not expr.) Ex 5:13 (E ).

2. (intr.) be pressed, confined, narrow Jos 17:15 כִי אָץ לְךָ הַר־אֶפְרַיִם.

3. hasten, make haste, sq. ל + Inf. Jos 10:13 לאֹ אָץ לָבוֹא (J, of sun); Pr 28:20 לְהַעֲשִׂיר א׳; sq. מִן Je 17:16 מֵרֹעֶה לאֹ א׳; sq. ב (of particular in wh. one hastens) Pr 19:2 (בְּרגְלַיִם); 29:20 (בִּדְבָרִים); cf. also Pr 21:5 וְכָל־אָץ אַח לְמַחְסוֹר. Hiph. Impf. וַיָּאִיחוּ Gn 19:15; תָּאִיחוּ Is 22:4hasten(tr.) sq. ב Gn 19:15 (J); sq. ל + Inf. אַל־תָּא׳ לְנַחֲמֵנִי Is 22:4. (May be Qal Impf., & vb. יע׳.)

[אוֹר]:43 vb. be or become light (cf. Ar. أَوَّرَ enkindle, Aram. (Nasar.) ܐܘܪ Aph. illumine, & deriv. in As.)—Qal Pf. אוֹר Gn 44:3 + אֹ֫רוּ 1 S 14:29; Impf. 3 fpl. וַתָּאֹרְנָה 1 S 14:27 Qr; Pt. אוֹר Pr 4:18 (Ges:§ 72 R. 1) Imv. fs. א֫וֹרִי Is 60:1, Pr 4:18; —become light, shine of sun (esp. in early morn.) Gn 44:3 (J) 1 S 29:10, Pr 4:18, Is 60:1; of eyes (owing to refreshment) 1 S 14:27 (Qr) 29. Niph. Impf. וַיֵּאֹר 2 S 2:32; Inf. לֵאוֹר Jb 33:30; Pt. נָאוֹר Ps 76:5—become lighted up of day-break 2 S 2:32; by light of life, revival Jb 33:30; by light of glory, enveloped in light Ps 76:5. Hiph. Pf. וְהֵאִיר Ex 25:37, etc.; Impf. יָאִיר Jb 41:24 +; יָאֵר Nu 6:2, ,+; וַיָּ֫אֶר Ps 118:27 +, etc.; imv. הָאֵר Ps 80:20 +, הָאִ֫ירָהPs 31:17 +; Inf. הָאִיר Gn 1:15 +; Pt. מֵאִיר Pr 29:13; מְאִירַתPs 19:9; מְאִירוֹת Is 27:11

1. give light, of sun, moon & stars Gn 1:15, 1:17 (P), of moon Is 60:19; of pillar of fire (sq. ל) Ex 13:21, 14:20 (both JE) Ps 105:39, Ne 9:12, 9:19; of scared lamp Ex 25:37, Nu 8:2 (both P); fig. of the words of God Ps 119:130.

2. light up, cause to shine, shine, sq. acc. הֵאִירוּ בְרָקִים תֵּבֵל lightnings lighted up the world Ps 77:19, 97:4; abs. הָֹאָרֶץ הֵאִירָה מִכְּבֹדוֹ Ez 43:2; the earth shined with his glory (of theophany); of leviathan, which makes path shine behind him Jb 42:24; לַיְלָה כַּיּוֹם יָאִיר night shineth as day Ps 139:12.

3. light a lamp Ps 18:29; wood Is 27:11; alter (-fire) Mal 1:10.

4. lighten, of the eyes, הָאִיר עֵינַיִם, subj. י׳, his law, etc. Pr 29:13, Ps 13:4, 19:9, Ezr 9:8.

5. make shine, of face of God פָּנָיו אֵלֶיךָ יָאֵר י׳ Yahweh make his face shine upon thee Nu 6:25 (priest's blessing), reappearing Ps 31:17 (sq. עַל־), 67:2 (sq. אֶת־), 80:4, 80:8, 80:20, 119:135 (sq. ב), Dn 9:17 cf. Ps 4:7; without פָּנִים (sq. ל) Ps 118:27; once, of face of man, Ec 8:1 פָּנָיו חָכְמַת אָדָם תָּאִיר the wisdom of a man lighteth up his face.

אוֹר:121 n.m.:Gn 1:3 (f.:Jb 36:32; Je 13:16) light (As. urru = ûru Dl:w).—abs. Gn 1:3 +; cstr. Ju 16:2 +; sf. אוֹרִי Ps 27:1, etc.; pl. אוֹרִים Ps 136:7; —

1. light as diffused in nature, light of day Gn 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 (P) Jb 3:9, 38:19 +.

2. morning light, dawn, אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר light of the morn. Ju 16:2, 1 S 14:36, 25:34, 25:36, 2 S 17:22, 2 K 7:9, Mi 2:1; בֹּקֶר א׳ 2 S 23:4 (poem of David); עַד־הָא׳ Ju 19:26 (cf. עַד־הַבֹּקֶר v:25); לָאוֹר Jb 24:14; מִן־הָאוֹר עַד מַחֲחִית הַיּוֹם fr. dawn till mid-day, Ne 8:3 cf. Pr 4:18.

3. light of the heavenly luminaries; הַלְּבָנָה א׳, ‖הַחַמָּה א׳ moonlight & sunlight Is 30:26; כּוֹכְבֵי אוֹר stars of light Ps 148:3; מְאוֹרֵי אוֹר luminaries of light Ez 32:8; אוֹרִים = מְאוֹרִים Ps 136:7; so עֲלֵי־אוֹר in sunshine Is 18:4; the sun itself Jb 31:26.

4. daylight אוֹר רְשָׁעִים light of the wicked Jb 38:15 (their work-day being the night); יוֹם אוֹר a day of light Am 8:9 (= a clear, sunshiny day).

5. lightning Jb 36:32, 37:3, 37:11, 37:15 cf. Hb 3:11.

6. light of lamp Pr 13:9, Je 25:10; of crocodile's hot breath Jb 41:10.

7. light of life חַיִּים א׳ Jb 33:30, Ps 56:14; cf. אוֹר Jb 3:16, 3:20.

8. light of prosperity Jb 22:28, 30:26, Ps 97:11, La 3:2.

9. light of instruction נֵר מִחְוָה וְתוֹרָה אוֹר Pr 6:23 the commandment is a lamp and instruction a light; so the Messian. servant is אוֹר גּוֹיִם Is 42:6, 49:6; cf. עַמִּים א׳ Is 51:4; the advent of Mess. is shining of great light Is 9:1, 9:1.

10. light of face אוֹר פָּנִים = bright, cheerful face (of men) Jb 29:24; betokening king's favour Pr 16:15 (cf. עֵינַיִם א׳ Ps 38:11); of God = his shining, enlightening, favouring face Ps 4:7, 44:4, 89:16.

11. Yahweh is יִשְׂרָאֵל א׳ Is 10:17, as source enlightenment & prosperity; light & salvation Ps 27:1; light to guide Mi 7:8 cf. Ps 43:3; everlasting light of Zion, instead of sun & moon Is 60:19, 60:20; house of Jacob is to walk in his light Is 2:5.

† I. אוֹרָה n.f. light (late, Mish, id., cf. Aram. אוּרְתָּא evening-light, moon-light, star-light, etc.)

1. light (opp. חֲשֵׁיכָה) Ps 139:12.

2. light of joy & happiness Es 8:16; pl. intens. אוֹרוֹת light of life Is 26:19 (light that quickens dead bodies as dew the plants Ew Hi De Che Di RVm; vid. Br:MP 303 cf. אוֹר חַיִּים; but Ki Ges MV Bö RV transl. herbs).

† II. [אוֹרָה] n.f. herb (so Mish., Ges cf. נחץ, Ar. انوار = lights & flowers, & Sam. יאר = דֶּשֶׁא of Gn 1:11, 1:12) only pl. אוֹרוֹת herbs 2 K 4:39 (cf. Is. 26:19 supr. sub I. אוֹרָה).

22

† I. אוּר n.m. flame. לְכוּ בְאוּר אֶשְּׁכֶם walk in the flame of your fire Is 50:11, & so fire itself, whose light & flame were seen 44:16, 47:14—exil. Is. + 31:9 & Ez 5:2 (Co אשׁ).

אֻרִים n.[m.] pl. region of light, East Is 24:15 (so Ges MVEw De DiRV; Lo Hi Kn Che rd. איים = coasts, so Cdd. LXX;—LXX mostly om. Vulgate in doctrina, thinking of Urim, vid. Br:MP 297).

אוּרִים n.m. Urim (pl. intens., mostly c. art. the Urim, and mostly joined with תֻּמִּים q. v.) תֻּמֶּיךָ וְאוּרֶיךָ לְאִישׁ הֲסִידֶךָ Dt 33:8 thy Thummim and thy Urim has the man of thy favour, i.e. the Levite tested at Massah & Meribah; הָאוּרִים וְהִתֻּמִּים were put into the חשֶׁן הִמִּשְׁפָּט of the high priest Ex 28:30, Lv 8:8 (P); this חשֶׁן (q.v.) was a little bag or pouch worn on breast of high, priest, to hold the Urim & Thummim; the name הַמִּשְׁפָּט ח׳ was given because of decisions made by that which was within it; thus, Eleazar was to inquire of י׳ for Joshua בְּמִשְׁפַּט הָאוּרִים Nu 27:2l (P); Saul prayed הָבָה אוּרִים opp. הבה תֻּמִּים, 1 S 14:41 LXX, so We Dr (MT om. former, and rds. תָּמִים in latter); י׳ did not answer Saul בָּאוּרִים or by dreams or prophets 1 S 28:6; postex. Jews reserved diffi-cult questions until there stood up a priest לְאוּרִים וּלְתֻמִּים Ezr 2:63, Ne 7:65 (here alone without art.) These passages give little information; LXX δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια, Vulgate doctrina et veritas, Sym φωτισμοὶ καὶ τελεώτητες; Jos:Ant. iii. 8. 9 thinks of the twelve gems of face of bag as giving decision by shining; Philo:Vit. Mos. iii thinks of two small images (א׳ & ת׳), prob. embroidered in the cloth of the bag, like oracle-images of Egypt (Diod:1, 48, 75 Aelian:Var. Hist.14, 34); Ew:Gesch. iii, 309; Antiq. 295, of two stones of different colours for sacred lot, on this v. Dr 1 S 14:41 where LXX אוּרִים & תֻּמִּים as obj. of give, δος = הָבָה; cf. הִפִּילוּ v:42, וַיִלָּכֵד v:41 (used of taking by lot 10:20, Is 7:14, 7:16); v. also We & RS:OTJC Lect x. N 4; Bähr:Symbolik, of one thing within bag, a sacred pledge to high priest of the enlightenment & perfection he would receive fr. י׳ when called to make sacred decisions; Ka:Ex 544 sees the sacred pledge in the twelve sacred gems themselves, that stimulate priest to self-sacrifice & perfect sanctification.

† II. אוּר n.pr.m. (flame) father of one of David's heroes 1 Ch 11:35 (III. אוּר n.pr.loc. v. infr.)

אוּרִי n.pr.m. (fiery, or contr. for אוּרִיָּה)

1. prince of Judah Ex 31:2, 35:30, 38:22, 1 Ch 2:20, 2 Ch 1:5;

2. a porter Ezr 10:24;

3. father of an officer of Solomon 1 K 4:19.

אוּרִיאֵל n.pr.m. (flame of Ēl or my light is EĒl, v. אֵל sub אלה; cf. Ph. ארמלך in As. Urumilki (Sen:Taylor Cylind. ii. 50, cf. COT:2 K 18:13))

1. chief of Levit. line of Kohath, in time of David 1 Ch 6:9, 15:5, 15:11.

2. maternal grandfather of Abijah 2 Ch 13:2.

אוּרִיָּה n.pr.m. (flame of Yah or my light is Yah v. יָהּ).

1. Hittite husband of Bathsheba 2 S 11:3 f 23:39.

2. priest in reign of Ahaz Is 8:2, 2 K 16:10 f.

3. priest in time of Nehemiah Ezr 8:33, Ne 3:4, 3:21, 8:4.

אוּרִיָּ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (flame of Yahweh or my light is Yahweh v. יהוה) a prophet slain by Jehoiakim Je 26:20.

יָאִיר n.pr.m. (he enlightens, or one giving light).

1. son of Manasseh Nu 32:41, 32:41, Dt 3:14, 3:14, Jos 13:30, 1 K 4:13, 1 Ch 2:22, 2:23.

2. a judge in Gilead Ju 10:3, 10:4, 10:5.

3. father of Mordecai Est 2:5.

יָאִירִי adj.gent. Jairite 2 S 20:26.

מָאוֹר n.m. luminary—abs. Gn 1:16 +; cstr. מְאוֹר Pr 15:30 +; pl. מְאוֹרֹת Gn 1:15; מְאֹרֹת v:14; v:16; cstr. מְאוֹרֵי Ez 32:8light, light-bearer, luminary, lamp, of sun & moon Gn 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:16, 1:16 (P) Ez 32:8; moon Ps 74:16; מְנֹרַת הַמָּאוֹר the lamp-stand of the luminary or light (where הַמּ׳ is sum of seven sacred lamps on golden lamp-stand) Ex 35:14, 35:14, 35:28, 39:37, Nu 4:9, 4:16, cf. Ex 25:6 27:20, 35:8, Lv 24:2 (all P); מְאוֹר־עֵינַיִם יְשַׂמַּח־לֵבָ Pr 15:30 the luminary of the eyes (= the eyes as a lamp) gives the light of joy to the heart; מְאוֹר פָּנֶיךָ Ps 90:8 the luminary of thy face (thy face as a lamp) in the light of which the secrets are exposed.

† [מְאוּרָה] n.f. light-hole—only cstr. מְאוּרַת—= den of great viper Is 11:8, cf. מָאוֹר Mish. Ohaloth 13:1 (others eye-ball Targum Ew De Di).

† III. אור n.pr.loc. Ur (Bab. Uru; seat of moon-god worship; hence Eupolemos in Euseb:Praep. Ev. ix. 17 says Καμαρίνῃ ἥν τινας λέγειν πόλιν Οὐρίην), ancient city in Southern Baby-lonia; OT alw. אור כַּשְׂדִּים i.e. Ur of the Kasdim (Chaldeans) v. כַּשְׂדִּים sub כשׂד; home of Terah, Abram's father, & A.'s point of departure for Mesopotamia & Canaan Gn 11:28, 15:7 (both J), & hence Ne 9:7; also Gn 11:31 (P);—mod. Muqayyar, south of Euphrates, c. 150 miles SE. of Babylon; v. KG:94 f Dl:Pa 226 f COT on Gn 11:28.

אֲוֵרוֹת v. אֻרְיָה sub I. ארה. p. 71

אֲוַרְנָה v. אֲרַוְנָה p. 72

† [אוּת] vb. only Niph. Impf. consent, agree (cf. Rab. נֵיאוֹת Niph. Pt. esp. enjoying NHWB:48) sq. לְ Gn 34:22 יֵאֹתוּ לָנוּ; v:15 נֵאוֹת לָכֶם; v:23 נֵאוֹתָה לָהֶם; sq. Inf. 2 K 12:9 וַיֵּאֹתוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים לְבִלְתִּי קְחַת־כֶּסֶףֶ.

23

אוֹת v. II. אוה. p. 16

אָז adv. (cf. إِذْ, إِذَان 0d also BAram. אֱדַיִן prop. a subst. = time; see מֵאָז) at that time, then, whether expressing duration, or inception (= thereupon).

1. strictly temporal: a. of past time:—without a verb Gn 12:6, 13:7, Jos 14:11, 2 S 23:14; with a pf. Gn 4:26, Ex 4:26, Jos 10:33, Ju 8:3, 13:21, Je 22:15 אָז טוֹב לוֹ then was it well to him (cf. v:16 Ho 2:9); more usually (esp. when = thereupon) with an impf. (v. Dr:§ 27) Ex 15:1, Nu 21:17, Jos 8:30, 10:12, 22:1, 1 K 3:16, 8:1, 9:11(v. Dr:Intr.192) al. b. of fut. time (usually where some emph. is intended), with impf. Is 35:5, 35:6, 60:5, Mi 3:4, rather differently Lv 26:41, 1 S 20:12; rarely with pf. 2 S 5:24 b (will have gone forth) Is 33:23: with an accompany-ing logical force, implying the fulfilment of a condition, then = if or when this has been done (with the impf.) Gn 24:41, Ex 12:44, 12:48, Dt 29:19, Jos 1:8, 1 S 6:3, Is 58:8, 58:9, Je 11:15, Hi Ke Ps 19:14, 51:21, Pr 3:23, Jb 11:15, 13:20, 22:26. c. in poetry אז is sometimes used to throw emphasis on a particular feature of the description Gn 49:4, Ex 15:15, Ju 5:8, 5:11, 5:13, 5:19, 5:22, Is 33:23, 41:1, Hb 1:11, Ps 2:5, 96:12. d. it points back with emphasis to an inf. with בּ 2 S 5:24 a, Ps 126:2, 126:2, Jb 28:27, 33:16; to בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא (anomalously) 1 Ch 16:7.

2. expressing logical sequence strictly: in the apod.:—after אם (rare) for sake of special emphasis Is 58:14, Pr 2:5, Jb 9:31; = in that case, after לוּ or לוּלֵא 2 S 2:27 hadst thou not spoken, כִּי אָז surely then had the people, etc. 19:7, Ps 119:92; after אחלי 2 K 5:3, Ps 119:6; after a suppressed protasis 2 K 13:19, Jb 3:13 יָשַׁנְתִּי אָז יָנוּחַ לִי I had slept, then were there rest for me; Jos 22:31 (strangely) = now, as things are; Ec 2:15 = that being so. (122 t., besides מאז and מן־אז. Seldom used except where some special emphasis is de-sired. ‘Then’ of AV RV more commonly repre-sents וְ, esp. in the apodosis.)

מֵאָז (cf. مُنْذُ), once (Je 44:18) מִן־אָז, lit. from that time: used (a) absol., as adv. = in time past, of old, whether of a nearer 2 S 15:34, Is 16:13, or of a remoter past Is 44:8, 45:21, 48:3, 48:5, 48:7, 48:8, Ps 93:2, Pr 8:22; (b) with foll. gen. or relat. clause, as prep. or conj. = from time of, since. With subst. Ru 2:7 מֵאָז הַבֹּקֶר from time of morning Ps 76:8; with infin. Ex 4:10 מֵאָז דַּבֶּרְךָ since thy speaking unto thy servant; with finite vb. Gn 39:5, Ex 5:23 וּמֵאָז בָּאתִי וג׳ and since I came unto Pharaoh, etc. 9:24, Jos 14:10, Is 14:8, Je 44:18.

אֲזַי = אָז (prob. a dialectic form; cf. Aram. אֱדַיִן) then, in that case Ps 124:3, 124:4, 124:5, in apod. after לוּלֵי cf. אָז Ps 119:92.

אֶזְבָָּי n.pr.m. father of one of David's men 1 Ch 11:37 (where בֶּן־אֶזְבָָּי = הָאַרְבִּי 2 S 23:35).

אֵזוֹב n.m.:1 K 5:13 hyssop (Mish. אזוב, Aram. ܙܽܘܦܐ, Ar. زُوفَا Frey., Eth. 0azabe: LXX ὕσσωπος, herb of purging qualities, but perh. not precise botanical term, v. Di Lv 14:6 f; v. also Löw:93)—א׳ abs. Ex 12:22 + 4 t.; אֵזֹב Lv 14:4 + 4 t.;—hyssop, little plant (contr. אֶרֶז cedar) 1 K 5:13, אֲשֶׁר יֹחֵא בַּקִּיר הָא׳; Ex 12:22 (J) אֲגֻדַּת א׳ a bunch of h. for sprinkling blood on doorposts; without אגדת, used in cleansing from leprosy Lv 14:4, 14:6, 14:49, 14:51, 14:52; burnt with red heifer Nu 19:6; used in cleansing with ashes of red heifer v:18 (all P); cf. Ps 51:9 וְאֶטְהָָר תְּחַטְּאֵנִי בְּא׳.

אַזְכָּרָה v. זכר. p. 272

אָזַל vb. go (mostly poet.) (Targum id., BAram. אֲזַל, Syr. ܐܶܙܰܠ)—Qal. Pf. אַזַל 1 S 9:7; 3 fs. אָֽזְלַת (poet.) Dt 32:36; אָֽזְלוּ Jb 14:11; Impf. 2 fs. תֵּזְלִי (for תֵּאזְלִי) Je 2:36; Pt. אֹזֵל Pr 20:14—go away Pr 20:14; go about Je 2:36 מַה־תֵּזְלִי מְאֹד לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵָּךְ; be gone, exhausted, used up Dt 32:36 (subj. יָד strength); sq. מִן 1 S 9:7 הַלֶּחֶם אָזַל מִכֵּלֵינוּ; Jb 14:11 אָֽזְלוּ מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם Pu. Pt. מְאוּזָּל Ez 27:19 (RV yarn, cf. Aram. עזל spin but) rd. מֵאוּזָל, v. sub אוּזָל infr., so LXX SyrVer Hi Sm Co.

† [אֶזֶל] only הָאָָזֶל 1 S 20:19 rd. ז(א)הַלָּ q.v.

אוּזָל n.pr.m. (Sam. איזל, LXX Αἰζηλ) 6th son of Joktan Gn 10:27, 1 Ch 1:21 = n.pr.loc. Ez 27:19, rd. מֵאוּזָל LXX SyrVer Hi Sm Co; old capital of Yemen, later San'â, cf. Di Gn 10:27.

I. אזן (pointed, sharp ? cf. Eth. m4zn: edge, corner, peak, pinnacle; v. also As. Dl:W, & אָזֵןinfr.)

אֹ֫זֶן:188 n.f.: Ex 29:20 ear (Ar. أُذْن, Aram. ܐܶܕܢܳܐ, אוּדְנָא, As. uznu, Eth. 0zn:)—abs. 2 S 22:45 +; cstr. Ex 29:20 +; sf. אָזְנִי 1 S 20:2 +, etc.; du. אָזְנַיִם (נָ֑יִם) Dt 29:3 +; cstr. אָזְנֵי Gn 23:10 +; sf. אָזְנַי (־נָ֑י) Nu 14:28 +; (never with article).—

1. ear, as part of body; of human being, as bearing earring Gn 35:4, Ex 32:2, 32:3 (all JE) Ez 16:12; pierced by a master Ex 21:6 (E) Dt 15:17; touched with blood in consecration (תְּנוּךְ א׳ tip of ear) Lv 8:23, 8:24, 14:14, 14:17, 14:25, 14:28, cut off by enemy Ez 23:25 (of אָהֳלִיבָה q.v.); ear of dog Pr 26:17 מַחֲזִיק בְּאָזְנֵי־כָָּלֶב; of sheep Am 3:12 (fragment rescued from lion).

2. especially as organ of hearing, a. of man Dt 29:3, 2 S 22:45 = Ps 18:45, Jb 42:5, Is 30:21; implanted (נטע) by י׳ Ps 94:9; of idols (do not hear) Ps 115:6, 135:17; שָׁמַע בא׳ 2 S 7:22 + 8 t.; esp. בְּא׳ after vb. of saying = in the ears, in the hearing of Gn 20:8 (E) 23:10, 23:13, 23:16 (P) 44:18, 50:4 (J) Dt 5:1, 31:11, 31:28, 31:30 + 44 t.; cf. Is 5:9 (vb. om.); after noun of utterance, sound 1 S 15:14, Jb 13:17, 15:21; cf. א׳ after verbal noun Ez 24:26 (לְהַשְׁמָעוּת א׳) cf. Is 11:3; הִטָּה א׳ incline the ear = give attention Ps 45:11, Pr 22:17 + 9 t.; sq. ל Ps 49:5 + 4 t.; so הִקְשִׁיב א׳ Is 32:3; Pr 2:2 (sq. ל); ל׳ הֵבִיא א׳ Pr 23:2; as receiving words תָּקַּח א׳ Jb 4:12 cf. Je 9:19; as tingling (חלל) at dreadful news 1 S 3:11, 2 K 21:12, Je 19:3; as hearing with satisfaction, triumph Ps 92:12 תִּשְׁמַעְנָה אָזְנָי֑ (‖ וַתַּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּ׳ but Che del.; as intelligent (involving mental process) וַתָּבֶן לָהּ שָֽׁמְעָה א׳ Jb 13:1; מִלִּין תִּבְחָָן א׳ Jb 12:11 cf. 34:3; as unsatisfied Ec 1:8 מִשְּׁמֹעַ לאֹ תִמָּלֵא א׳; as seeking (בקשׁ) know-ledge Pr 18:15; as hearing & blessing Jb 29:11; cf. שֹׁמַעַת א׳ Pr 20:12, 25:12 a hearing (responsive, obedient) ear; cf. Pr 15:31, Is 43:8; opp. stopping the ears (wilful ignorance) מִן־ אֹטֵם א׳ Pr 21:13 cf Is 33:15; also of adder in simile of wicked Ps 58:5 כְּמוֹ פֶתֶן חֵרֵשׁ יַאְטֵם אָזְנוֹ; מִן־ מֵסִיר א׳ Pr 28:9 so עֲרֵלָה א׳ their ear is uncircumcised Je 6:10; הִכְּבִּיד א׳ Zc 7:11 cf. Is 48:8, Je 5:21, Ez 12:2; cf. also Is 42:20. b. of Yahweh, י׳ בְּא׳ after vb. of utterance Nu 11:18 (J) 14:28 (P) 1 S 8:21, Ez 8:18; after עָלָה 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29; after בּוֹא Ps 18:7 cf. 2 S 22:7 where vb. om.; so also (after noun without vb.) Nu 11:1 (J) י׳ בְּא׳ 1 Ch 28:8 nearly = in presence of; incline the ear הִטָּה א׳ 2 K 19:16 = Is 37:17, Dn 9:18, Ps 86:1; sq. לְ Ps 17:6, 88:3, 116:2; sq. אֶל־ Ps 31:3, 71:2, 102:3; הִקְשִׁיב א׳ Ps 10:17; קַשֻּׁבוֹת לְ א׳ 2 Ch 6:40, 7:15; cf. Ps 130:2; id. sq. אֶל־ Ne 1:6, 1:11; vb. om. אֶל־ א׳ Ps 34:16; cf. Is 59:1 לאֹ כָֽבְדָה א׳; La 3:56 ל׳ אַל־תַּעְלֵם א׳.

3.גָּלָה א׳ open ears of, reveal to, subj. man 1 S 20:2, 20:12, 20:13, 22:8, 22:8, 22:17, Ru 4:4; subj. י׳ 1 S 9:15, 2 S 7:27, 1 Ch 17:25; לְמוּסָר א׳ גּ׳ Jb 36:10, cf. v:15; כָּרָה א׳ Ps 40:7; לִשְׁמֹעַ יָעִירלִי א׳ Is 50:4; פָּתַח־לִי א׳ Is 50:5; cf. חֵרְשִׁים תִּפָּתַחְנָה וְא׳ Is 35:5 opp. judicial deafness Mi 7:16, Is 6:10.

24

I. † [אָזַן]:42 vb. denom. Hiph. give ear, listen, hear, almost wholly poet.—Pf. הֶאֱזִין Dt 1:45; וְהַאֲזִין consec. Ps 77:2 (v. De Kö:1, p. 390); וְהַאֲזַנְתָּ֫ Ex 15:26; הֶאֱזִינוּ Is 64:3 +; Impf. יַאֲזִין Jb 9:16 +; אָזִין (for אַאֲזִין) Jb 32:11, etc.; Imv. ms. הַאֲזִ֫ינָה Nu 23:18 +; fs. הַאֲזִ֫יּנִי Is 1:2; fpl. הַאֲזֵ֫נָּה Gn 4:23, Is 32:9, etc.; Pt. מֵזִין (for מַאֲזִין v. Kö:1, 391) Pr 17:4; —

1. hear, perceive by the ear, abs. Is 64:3 (‖שׁמע) Ps 135:17; give ear, listen, abs. (of mts. personif.) Dt 32:1, cf. Is 1:2 (of earth, personif.); of men Ju 5:3, Ps 49:2, Is 28:23, Jo 1:2 (all ‖שׁמע) Ho 5:1 (‖שׁמע, הִקְשִׁיב) Is 8:9; sq. acc. rei Gn 4:23, Jb 33:1, Is 1:10, 32:9 (all ‖שׁמע) 42:23 (‖שׁמע, הקשׂיב); Jb 37:14 (‖הִתְבּוֹנֵן); Ps 78:1 sq. על (rei) Pr 17:4 (‖הִקְשִׁיב); sq. עַד (rei) Jb 32:11 (‖הוֹחַלְתִּי); hearken to, = be obedient to, abs. Je 13:15 (‖שׁמע) 2 Ch 24:19, Ne 9:30; c. acc. rei Jb 9:16; לְ (rei) Jb 34:16 (‖שׁמע) Ex 15:26; sq. לְ pers. Jb 34:2 (‖שׁמע); sq. עָדַי pers. Nu 23:18; sq. אֶל־ pers. Is 51:4.

2. of God, listening (with favour) to prayer, etc., abs. Ps 80:2, 84:9 (‖שׁמע), sq. אֶל־ pers. Ps 77:2, Dt 1:45 (‖שׁטע); c. acc. rei Ps 5:2 (‖בִּין) 17:1 (‖שׁמע, הקשׁיב), Ps 55:2 (‖הקשׁיב v:3) 86:6 (‖ id.), 140:7, 141:1; sq. אֶל־ (rei) Ps 39:13, 143:1 (both ‖שׁמע); sq. לְ (rei) Ps 54:4 (‖שׁמע).

† [אָזֵן] n.[m.] coll. implements, tools (fr. sharpness ? Aram. אֲזֵנִין, ܙܝܢ weapons אֲזֵנֶ֑ף Dt 23:14 (Cdd. אזניך LXX Vulgate אֵזֹר cf. Di).

אָזְנִי n.pr.m. a son of Gad Nu 26:16 (my hearing, or my ear ? Gn 46:16 אֶחְבּוֹן q.v.)

אָזְנִי adj. gent. fr. same, הָאָזְנִי Nu 16:16.

אֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (Yahweh hath heared) father of Jeshua, a Levite Ne 10:10.

אַזְנוֹת תָּבוֹר n.pr.loc. (peaks of Tabor ? pl.) Jos 19:34 place in Naphtali cf. Di.

יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (Yahweh heareth)—so 2 K 25:23, Ez 8:11; יַאֲזַנְיָה Je 35:3, Ez 11:1; contr. יזַנְיָהוּ(וִ) Je 40:8, יזַנְיָה(וִ) Je 42:1

1. a Judæan 2 K 25:33, Je 40:8.

2. an elder of Isr., son of Shaphan Ez 8:11.

3. son of Jeremiah Je 35:3.

4. a leading Judæan, son of Azur Ez 11:1.

5. a leading Judæan Je 42:1 (= עֲזַרְיָה 43:2).

II. † [אָזַן] vb. only Pi. Pf. weigh, test, prove (cf. Ar. وزن weigh, also Ar. & Aram. deriv.); וְּאִזֵּן (conj.) Ec 12:9 (‖חִקֵּר, תִּקֵּן).

† [מאזן] n.[m.] du. balances, scales (Ar. مِيزَانُ, Aram. (Nasar.) ܡܰܘܳܙܰܢܶܐ)—מאֹזְנַיִם (ָ־נ֑יִם) Is 40:15 + 4 t.; cstr. מאֹזְנֵי Lv 19:36 + 9 t.—balances, for weighing money Je 32:10 וָאֶשְׁקֹל הַכֶּסֶף בְּמ׳; hair Ez 5:1 (מִשְׁקָל מ׳); שַׁחַק מ׳) Is 40:15 dust of bal., sim. of insignif. of nations bef. י׳; fig., calamity Jb 6:2; men Ps 62:10; hills Is 40:12 (שָׁקַל בַּפֶּלֶס הָרִים וּגְבָעוֹת בְּמ׳); חֶדֶק א׳ Lv 19:36 (‖אַבְנֵי־ח׳, אֵיפַת ח׳, הִין ח׳), Ez 45:10 (‖אֵיפַת־ח׳, בַּת־ח׳) cf. Pr 16:11 (מִשְׁפִּט פֶּלֶס וּמ׳); fig. Jb 31:6 יִשְׁקְלֵנִי בְּמ׳ חֶדֶק; opp. מִרְמָה מ׳ Pr 11:1 (‖אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה); 20:23 (‖אֶבֶן וָאָָבֶן) Am 8:5 (‖לְהַקְטִין אֵיפָה וּלְהַגְדִּיל שֶׁקֶל) Ho 12:8; רֶשַׁע מ׳ Mi 6:11 (‖אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה).

25

אֻזֵּן שֶׁאֱרָה n.pr.loc. (portion—weighed & measured—of SheÕ’ĕ ra, Blau:ZMG 1873, 296), place built by שׁ׳, daughter of Ephraim 1 Ch 7:24.

אֲזִקִּים v. זקק. p. 279

† [אָזַר] vb. gird, encompass, equip (Talm. id., Ar. أَزَّرَ, Aram. in deriv. Lag:BN 177 der. fr. وَزَرَ). Qal Pf. אָֽזְרוּ 1 S 2:4; Impf. sf. יַאַזְרֵנִי Jb 30:18; 2 ms. תֶּאֱזוֹר Je 1:17; Imv. אֱזָר־נָא Jb 38:3, 40:7; Pt. pass. אָזוּר 2 K 1:8; —gird, gird on, sq. acc. reiloins חֲלָחֶיךָ Jb 38:3, 40:7, מָתְנֶיךָ Je 1:17; pass., subj. אֵזוֹר, וְאֵזוֹר עוֹר אָזור בְּמָתְנָיו 2 K 1:8; cf. act. c. acc. pers. Jb 30:18 כְּפִי כֻתָּנְתִּי יַאַזְרֵנִי, subj. לְבוּשִׁי v. Di; fig. 1 S 2:4 אָֽזְרוּ חַיִל Niph. Pt. נֶאֱזָר fig. Ps 65:7 of God (בִּגְבוּרֶה נ׳) girded with might. Pi. Impf. 2 ms. sf. וַתְּאַזְּרֵנִי Ps 18:40, 30:12; וַתַּזְרֵנִי 2 S 22:40 (Ges:§ 68 R 2); Pt. sf. הַמְּאַזְּרֵנִי Ps 18:33; cstr. מְאַזְּרֵי Is 50:11 but cf. infr.—gird,c. 2 acc. (pers. & rei) fig., Ps 18:40 = 2 S 22:40, Ps 18:33 (חַיִל); Ps 30:12 (שִׂמְחָה); acc. rei om. Is 45:5; acc. pers. om. מְאַזְּרֵי זִיקוֹת Is 50:12; but rd. rather מְאִירֵי cf. 27:11 (SyrVer Kn Brd Di). Hithp. Pf. הִתְאַזָּ֑ר Ps 93:1; Imv. הִתְאַזְּרוּ Is 8:9, 8:9gird oneself, for war Is 8:9, 8:9; with עֹז Ps 93:1 (subj. י׳).

אֵזוֹר n.m.:Is 5:27 waistcloth (NH id., Ar. إِزَارُ, cf. RS:JQ Jan. 1892, 289 ff.)—א׳ abs. Jb 12:18 + 8 t; cstr. 2 K 1:8 + 4 t.;—of skin 2 K 1:8 (prophet.); of linen Je 13:1 (v. Che) cf. v:2, v:4, v:6, v:7, v:7, v:10, v:11 (symbol. of Isr. & Jud. cleaving to י׳); of Assyrian war-riors&atO;’ waistcloth,‘girdle of loins’ Is 5:27; in wall-images of Chaldeans, בְּמָתְנַיִם חֲגוֹרֵי א׳ Ez 23:15 (cf. 2 K 1:18 v. sub אָזַר) so fig. of Yahweh's power over kings וַיֶּאְסֹר אֵזוֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶם Jb 12:18 (א׳ = fetter, cf. Di; but acc. to RS:1.c. ref. to slaves&atO;’ garment); metaph. of righteousness & faith-fulness Is 11:5, 11:5 (מָתְנָיו א׳, חֲלָּחָיוא׳).

אֶזְרוֹעַ v. זרע. p. 284

אֶזְרָח v. זרח. p. 280

אֹחַ v. I. אחח . p. 28

I. אָח, אַחְאָב, אֶחָב, אַחְבָּן etc. v. אחה. p. 26

II. אָח v. II. אחח. p. 28

† III. אָח interj. (onomatop.) ah! alas! Ez 6:11, 21:20.

אַחְלַי Ps 119:5 and אַחֲלֵי 2 K 5:3 (perh. from אָח III. and לַי = Aram. לְוַי = לוּ: the varying punctuation is due doubtless to the word being treated by the punctuators as a subst. = wish, with suff. & in c. st.,‘my wish is that,’ etc.; cf. Ki on Ps 119 תְּחִנּוֹתַי וּבַקָּשׁוֹתַי), ah that! (LXX ὄφελον).

[אָחַד] vb. v. יחד or חדד (Co Ez 21:21).

אֶחָד:962 adj. num. one (Ph. אחד, Sab. id., cf. DHM:ZMG 1876, 707, Ar. أَحَدُ, Eth. 0’ah.adi Aram. חַד, ܚܰܕ; on As. edu, aḫadu, cf. Dl:W No. 139)—abs. א׳ Gn 1:5 + cstr. אַחַ֫ד Gn 21:15 +; so even bef. prep. 1 S 9:3 al. v. Dr; f. abs. אַחַ֫ת Gn 2:21 +; אֶחָָת Gn 11:1 +; cstr. אַחַ֫ת Dt 13:13 +; pl. m. אֲחָדִים Gn 11:1 + 4t.; חַד Ez 33:30 del. Co cf. LXX;—

1. one Gn 1:9, 27:38, 27:45, Ex 12:49, Jos 23:10, 1 S 1:24, 2 S 12:3 +, Zc 14:9, Mal 2:10, Jb 31:15 +, so also (emph.) 2 S 17:3 for MT אֲשֶׁר LXX We Dr; one or two לאֹ לְיוֹם אֶחָד וְלאֹ לִשְׁנַיִם Ezr 10:13; as subst. sq. מִן Gn 2:21, Lv 4:2, 4:13, Is 34:16 +; הָא׳ Gn 19:9, 42:13, 42:32, 2 K 6:3, 6:5 +; one and the same Gn 40:5, Jb 31:15; pl. דְּבָרִים אֲחָדִיםGn 11:1 cf. Ez 37:17 (abs.), but v. Co; = few, a few יָמִים א׳Gn 27:44, 29:20, Dn 11:20; כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד as one man, together Ju 20:8, 1 S 11:7; also כְּאֶחָד late = Aram. כַּחֲדָאEzr 2:64 (= Ne 7:66) 3:9, 6:20, Ec 11:6; v. esp. Is 65:25 (‖ earlier יַחְדֶּו 11:6, 11:7).

2. = each, every Ex 36:30, Nu 7:3, 7:85, 28:21, 1 K 4:7, 2 K 15:20 +; also repeated, distrib. sense Nu 7:11, 13:2, 17:21, Jos 3:12, 4:2, 4:4.

3. = a certain 1 S 1:1, 2 S 18:10, 2 K 4:1, Est 3:8 + cf. 2 S 17:9 v. Dr 1 S 1:1; hence

4. = indef. art. 1 S 6:7, 24:15, 26:20 (but del. LXX We Dr) 1 K 19:4, 19:5 +.

5. only 1 K 4:19; & (fem.) once 2 K 6:10, Ps 62:12, 89:36 (once for all); אַחַת לְשָׁלוֹשׁ שָׁנִים 2 Ch 9:21, בַּשָּׁנָה א׳ Lv 16:34 cf. Jb 40:5, פַּעַם אֶחָָת Jos 6:3, 6:11 cf. v:14, בְּאַחַת Nu 10:4, Jb 33:14; at once בְּאֶחָָת Pr 28:18 cf. וְאִנָּֽקְמֶה נְקַם־אַחַת Ju 16:28.

6. one…another, the one…the other א׳ … א׳ Ex 17:12, 18:3, 18:4, Am 4:7, 2 S 12:1, Je 24:2, 2 Ch 3:17, Ne 4:11 +; 2 S 14:6 rd. הָאֶחָד אֶת־אָחִיו for האחד את־האחד LXX We Dr; one after another, one by one, לְאַחַד אֶחָד Is 27:12 cf. Ec 7:27.

7. as ordinal, first (mostly P & late) Gn 1:5 (P) 2:11 (J) Ex 39:10 (P); Ez 10:14 esp. of first day of month Ex 40:2 (P) Ezr 3:6, 10:16, 10:17, Ne 8:2, Hg 1:1; first year, שְׁנַת אַחַת 2 Ch 36:22, Ezr 1:1, Dn 1:21, 9:1, 9:2, 11:1 abs. Jb 42:14 cf. first (day, יוֹם om.) Gn 8:5, 8:13 בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ; so Ex 40:17, Lv 23:24, Nu 1:18, 29:1, 33:38 (all P) Dt 1:3, 2 Ch 29:17, Ezr 7:9, 7:9, Ez 26:1, 29:17, 31:1, 32:1, 45:18.

8. in combin., a. אַחַד עָשָׂר eleven (cf. עָשָׂר, עַשְׁתֵּי) Gn 32:23, 37:9 (JE) Dt 1:2; so אַחַת־עֶשְׂרֵה Jos 15:51 (P) 2 K 23:36, 24:18, 2 Ch 36:5, 36:11, Je 52:1 (precedes noun, exc. Jos 15:51; as ordinal, eleventh אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ez 30:20, 31:1 cf. 1 K 6:38, 2 K 9:29; b. with other numerals, as cardinal אֶחָד וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת Nu 1:41 cf. 2:16, 2:28, 31:34, 31:39 (all P; א׳ precedes other numeral); but אַרְבָּיִם וְאַחַת שָׁנָה (א׳ following) 1 K 14:21, 15:10, 2 K 14:23, 2 Ch 12:l3 cf. 2 K 22:1 = 2 Ch 34:1; 2 K 24:18 = Je 52:1 = 2 Ch 36:11, Jos 12:24 (D) Is 30:17, Ezr 2:26 = Ne 7:30 cf. v:37; Dn 10:13; as ordinal בְּאַחַת וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Gn 8:13 (P) Ex 12:18 (P), 1 Ch 24:17, 25:28, 2 Ch 16:13 (א׳ preceding); but 1 K 16:23, Hg 2:1 (א׳ following).

26

אֵחוּד n.pr.m. (union fr. אֱחוּד?) a Benja-mite 1 Ch 8:6 = אֵחִי Gn 46:21.

חַד adj. = אֶחָד Ez 33:30 del Co, cf. LXX.

אחה (stem assumed for אָח; which however perh. bilit. & prim, so Thes Rob Ges al.; Dl:HA 59 prop, surround, protect; Dl:W comp. aḫu, side., Zehnpfund:BAS 1. 510 prop. belong together, cf. Schult. Thes. De Goeje in RS:Sem 256 N suggests connection with ḥayy, family, clan).

I. אָח:630 n.m. brother (Ph. אח, Ar. أَخ (cstr. أَخُو etc.), Sab. אחַ (sf. אחַיהו ) CIS:iv. 1, 17 and 24 al., Eth. 0xw: As. aḫu cf. Dl:W, Aram. אַח, ܐܰܚܳܐ; Palm., Nab. sf. אחוהי, אחיה);—abs. אָח Gn 24:29 + (Ez 18:10 del. Co cf. LXX SyrVer Vulgate; Ew Sm אַח; Dl Ba:Ez x defends as = one cf. As. aḫu) never c. art.; cstr אֲחִי Gn 10:21 +; sf. אָחִי Gn 4:9 +; אָחִיךָ Gn 4:9 +; אָחִיו Gn 4:2 +; אָחִיהוּ Je 34:9 + 3 t. etc.; pl. אַחִים Gn 13:8 +; so rd. Ho 13:15 v. De:Compl. Var. 23 cf. sub אָחוּ; cstr. אֲחֵי Nu 27:10 +; sf. אַחַי Gn 19:7 +; אֶחָָי 1 S 20:29 + (but 1 S 30:23 LXX We אַחֲרֵי for אֶחָָי את); אַחֶיךָ Gn 37:13 +; אֶחָיו Gn 44:14 + etc.

1. brother, born of same mother (& father) Gn 4:2, 4:8, 4:9, 4:10, 4:11, 27:6, 27:11, 44:20, 49:5; cf. 28:2, 29:10, 29:10 + Ex 4:14 + oft.; also of half-brother Gn 20:5, 20:13, 20:16 (on pa-rentage cf. v:12) 37:2, 37:4, 37:5 +, 2 S 13:4, 13:7, 13:8 +.

2. indef. = relative; Lot, of Abr. Gn 13:8, 14:12, 14:14, 14:16; Jacob, of Laban 29:12, 29:15 (nephew); hence of kinship in wider sense; member of same tribe Nu 16:10, 18:2, 18:6, 2 S 19:13; of same people Ex 2:11, 2:11, 4:18, Dt 15:12, Ju 14:3, Is 66:20, Ne 5:1, 5:5, 5:8 vid. esp. Lv 19:17 cf. v:18 (ex-tended to incl. sojourner גֵּר v:34); of Israel & Judah 2 S 19:42; Isr. & Edom Nu 20:14; cf. of Ishmael Gn 16:12, 25:18; of friend 2 S 1:26, 1 K 9:13, 20:32, 20:33 of allies בְּרִית א׳ Am 1:9.

3. fig. of resemblance Jb 30:29 אָח הָיִיתִי לְתַנִּים (‖רֵעַ לִבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה i.e. by reason of his crying, cf. Di; Pr 18:9 מִתְרַפֶּה בִּמְלַאכְתּוֹ אָח הוּא לְבַעַל מַשְׁחִית.

4. in phr. one…another אִישׁ אָחִיו Gn 9:5, Jo 2:8, Zc 7:10; אָחִיו…אִישׁ Gn 13:11 + 25 t + Ex 32:27 (where also same phr. c. רֵעֵהוּ & קְרֹבוֹ—v. these words—& also אִישׁ, אֶחָד; for development of idiom cf. Dt 15:2, Is 19:2, Je 34:14, (cf.15), 34:17, Ez 38:21, Hg 2:22; usually of men; of faces of golden cherubim Ex 25:20, 37:9; of scales of crocodile Jb 41:9. (אָח fire-pot. v. sub II. אחח.)

אַחְאָב:91 n.pr.m. Ahab (father's brother; = אחיאב Nö:ZMG 1886, 172, ̓Αχίαβος was a nephew of Herod; cf. like name in Syr., given ob maximum cum parte suo similitudinem, Bar Hebraeus in Euseb:Chron. ii. 23 cf. LCB:1879, 1339. In many cases, however, the mng. of n.pr. comp. with אח is dub., & perfect consistency, especially in com-parison with cpds. of אָב, seems impossible; cf. rem. sub אביאל and further We:Skizzen, iii. 1 f, Dl:Pr. cap. vi)—אַחְאָב1 K 16:28 +; וּכְאֶחָב Je 29:22

1. son of Omri, king of Isr. 1 K 16:28, 16:29, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:2, 20:13, 20:14 + 41 t. 1 K, 27 t. 2 K, 14 t. 2 Ch; Mi 6:16. †

2. false prophet, time of Jerem. Je 29:21, 29:22.

אַחָב v. אַחְאָב.

אַחְבָּן n.pr.m. (brother of an intelligent one) son of Abishur, of Judah 1 Ch 2:29.

אֲחוּמַי n.pr.m. descendant of Judah 1 Ch 4:2.

אֲחִיאָם n.pr.m. one of David's heroes 2 S 23:33, 1 Ch 11:35.

אֲחִיָּ֫הוּ, אֲחִיָּה (always, exc. where other form noted), אֲחִי n.pr.m. (brother of Yah(u), cf. Ph. חמלך brother of Milk, & esp. אחתמלך sister of Milk, where אחת must be cstr. since מלך is a male deity; cf. Carth. חתמלקרת Euting:213).

1. a priest 1 S 14:3, 14:18.

2. a scribe 1 K 4:3.

3. a prophet 1 K 11:29, 11:30, 12:15, 14:2, 14:4, 2 Ch 9:29; 1 K 14:4, 14:5, 14:6, 14:18, 2 Ch 10:15 (last five אֲחִיָהוּ ).

4. father of king Baasha 1 K 15:27, 15:29, 15:33, 21:22, 2 K 9:9 .

5. grandson of Hezron 1 Ch 2:25, or perh. n.pr.f., mother of preceding four, cf. Be.

6. son of Ehud, of Benj. 1 Ch 8:7 = אֲחוֹחַ, v:4.

7. one of Dvd's heroes 1 Ch 11:36.

8. a Levite, Dvd's time 1 Ch 26:20 .

9. a chief man under Nehem. Ne 10:27.

10. a Gadite 1 Ch 5:15 (אֲחִי).

11. a man of Asher 1 Ch 7:34 (id.)

אֲחִיהוּד n.pr.m. prince of Asher Nu 34:27; (brother of majesty, cf. הוֹד, אֲבִיהוּד; v. also אֲחִיחֻד),

אַחְיוֹ n.pr.m. (= אחיון, i.e.fraternal).

1. a son of Aminadab, brother of Uzzah 2 S 6:3, 6:4 (LXX אֶחָיו, We אָחִיו, but v. Dr) 1 Ch 13:7 (LXX אֶחָיו).

2. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:14, but rd. אָחִיו LXX Be.

3. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:31 = 9:37 (> LXX אֶחָיו).

אֲחִיחֻד n.pr.m. (prob. = אחיהוד q.v.) son of Ehud, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:7.

אֲחִיטוּב n.pr.m. (my brother is goodness)

1. grandson of Eli 1 S 14:3, 1 Ch 5:33, 5:34, 5:37, 5:38; father of Ahimelech 1 S 22:9, 22:20 (אֲחִטוּב) v:11, v:12 (on iden-tity of pers. v. Be 1 Ch 5:33).

2. father of Zadok 2 S 8:17 (= 1 Ch 18:16), but We rds. Ahim son of Ahitub; 1 Ch 5:37, Ezr 7:2; grandfather of Zadok 1 Ch 9:11, Ne 11:11 (on all cf. We l.c.)

27

אֲחִילוּד n.pr.m. (acc. to Thes = אֲחִי יְלוּד child's brother (?))

1. father of Jehoshaphat, David's chronicler 2 S 8:16, 20:24, 1 K 4:3, 1 Ch 18:15.

2. father of Baana, officer of Solomon 1 K 4:12.

אֲחִימוֹת n.pr.m. (my brother is death) a Levite 1 Ch 6:10 (cf. מַחַת 1 Ch 6:20, 2 Ch 29:12).

אֲחִימֶ֫לֶךְ n.pr.m. (brother of Melek, Ph. חמלך, חמלכת; v. also אחיהו supr.)

1. priest in Saul's (Dvd's) time 1 S 21:2, 21:2, 21:3, 21:9, 22:14; 22:16 (אֲחִימֶָלֶךְ 1 Ch 24:31, Ps 52:2 = (title); son of Ahitub 1 S 22:9, 22:11 (cf.12); 22:20; father of Abiathar 1 S 23:6, 30:7; so also 2 S 8:17 SyrVer Ew We Th Dr; where MT בן־אביתר אחימ׳; whence id. wrongly 1 Ch 24:6, cf. v:4 (מִבְּנֵי אִיתָמָר אֲח׳) & 18:16 (where rd. אֲח׳ for אֲב׳).

2. a Hittite 1 S 26:6.

אֲחִימַן n.pr.m. (my brother is a gift ? so Thes; cf. Ar. مَنُّ) 1. a son of Anak Nu 13:22, Ju 1:10; אֲחִימָן» Jos 15:14. 2. a Levite, אֲחִימָָן, 1 Ch 9:17.

אֲחִימַ֫עַץ n.pr.m. (my brother is wrath)

1. son of Zadok 2 S 15:27, 15:36, 17:17, 17:20, 18:19, 18:22, 18:23, 18:27, 18:28, 18:29, 1 Ch 5:34 (אֲחִימָ֫עַץ v:35, 6:38; perh. also 1 K 4:15 (son-in-law of Sol.)

2. אֲחִימָ֫עַץ, father-in-law of Saul 1 S 14:50.

אַחְיָן n.pr.m. (fraternal, Aram.ܐܚܝܳܢܳܐ) a Manassite 1 Ch 7:19.

אֲחִינָדָב n.pr.m. (my brother is noble) an officer of Solomon 1 K 4:14.

אֲחִינֹ֫עַם n.pr.f. (my brother is delight)

1. wife of Saul 1 S 14:50 (daughter of Ahimaaz)

2. Jezreelitess, wife of David 1 S 25:43, 27:3, 30:5, 2 S 2:2, 3:2, 1 Ch 3:1.

אֲחִיסָמָךְ n.pr.m. (my brother has supported) father of Oholiab, a workman on tabern. Ex 31:6, 35:34, 38:23

אֲחִיעֶ֫זֶר n.pr.m. (my brother is help, cf. As. Aḫulê‚’te, my brother is strength, Dl:Pr 202)

1. a chief of Dan Nu 1:12, 2:25, 7:66, 7:71, 10:25.

2. one of David's heroes 1 Ch 12:3.

אֲחִיקָם n.pr.m. (my brother has arisen) son of Shaphan, Josiah's time 2 K 22:12, 22:14, 2 Ch 34:20; protector of Jerem. Je 26:24; father of Gedaliah 2 K 25:22, Je 39:14, 40:5, 40:6, 40:7, 40:9, 40:11, 40:14, 40:16, 41:1, 41:2, 41:6, 41:10, 41:16, 41:18, 43:6.

אֲחִירָם n.pr.m. (brother of (the) lofty = Ph. חרם v. חִירָם; cf. אֲבִירָם) son of Benj. Nu 26:33 (prob. = אחרח 1 Ch 8:1 v. Be) (cf. אֵחִי וָרֹאשׁ Gn 46:21).

חִירָם n.pr.m. Hiram (Ph. חרם; abbr. fr. foregoing)—ח׳ 2 S 5:11 + 18 t. 1 K + Kt 1 Ch 14:l, 2 Ch 4:11, 9:10 (all Qr חוּרָם); חִירוֹם 1 K 5:24, 5:32, 7:40; also חוּרָם 1 Ch 8:5 + 9t. Ch.—

1. king of Tyre, contemp. of David & Solomon 2 S 5:11, 1 K 5:15, 5:15, 5:16, 5:21, 5:22, 5:24, 5:25, 5:25, 5:26, 5:32, 9:11, 9:11, 9:12, 9:14, 9:27, 10:11, 10:12, 1 Ch 14:1, 2 Ch 2:2, 2:10, 2:11, 8:2, 8:18, 9:10, 9:21. 2. an artificer of Tyre, sent by Hiram the king 1 K 7:13, 7:40, 7:40, 7:45, 2 Ch 2:12, 4:11, 4:11, 4:16. 3. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:5.

אֲחִירָמִי adj.gent. הָא׳ as n.coll. Nu 26:38.

אֲחִירַע n.pr.m. (my brother is evil) a chief of Naphtali Nu 1:15, 2:29, 7:78, 7:83, 10:27.

אֲחִישָָׁחַר n.pr.m. (brother of (the) dawn, As. Aḫšêri Dl:Pr 202) a Benjamite 1 Ch 7:10.

אֲחִישָׁר n.pr.m. (my brother has sung) over Solomon's household 1 K 4:6.

אֲחִיתֹ֫פֶל n.pr.m. (my brother is folly?) David's trusted & traitorous counsellor 2 S 15:12, 15:31, 15:31, 15:34, 16:15, 16:20, 16:21, 16:23, 16:23, 17:1, 17:6, 17:7, 17:14, 17:14, 17:15, 21:23, 23:34, 1 Ch 27:33, 27:34.

אַחֲוָה n.f. brotherhood הָא׳ Zc 11:14 (between Judah & Israel).

חִיאֵל n.pr.m. (prob. חִיאֵל(אֲ) brother of Ēl, LXX ̓Αχειηλ; cf. חירם & Ph. חמלך, etc.; v. Bae:Rel 156) a Bethelite, rebuilder of Jericho 1 K 16:34.

אָחוֹת:114 n.f. sister (Ph. אחת, Aram. אֲחָת ܚܝܳܬܳܐ, Ar. أُخْتُ, As. aḫâtu, Dl:w, Eth. 0xt: Sab. in n.pr. אחַתאמהו Os:ZMG 1865, 273)—abs. אָ׳ 2 S 13:1 + (never with art.); cstr. אֲחוֹת Gn 4:22 +; sf. אֲחֹתִי (אֲחוֹתִי) Gn 12:13 +, etc.; pl. sf. אַחְוֹתַי (Qr אַחְיוֹתַי) Jos 2:13; אֲחוֹתַיִח Ez 16:51 (Qr; Kt אחותך) + 2 t. (Co all אחיו׳); אַחֲיוֹתֵח Ez 16:52 (Co ־תיך); אֲחוֹתֵח Ez 16:52 (must be pl., but del. Co); אַחְיֹתָיו Jb 42:11; אֲחוֹתֵיכֶם Ho 2:3; אַחְיֹתֵיהֶם 1 Ch 2:16 Jb 1:4

1. sister Gn 4:22, 12:13, 12:19, 20:2, 20:5, 20:12 (same father, diff. mother) so Lv 18:11 cf. Ez 22:11; Gn 24:30, 24:30 +, Ex 2:4, 2:7; Lv 18:9 (either parent same) so Dt 27:22, Nu 6:7, 2 S 13:1, 13:2, 13:4 +, Ct 8:8, 8:8, called upon, in mourning for dead Je 22:18; = near relative Gn 24:59, 24:60 (or because Laban prominent ? so Di); /man of same nationality Nu 25:18 cf. Ho 2:3.

2. = beloved Ct 4:9, 4:10, 4:12, 5:12 (4 t. ‖כַּלָּה bride; phr. orig. im-plying that marriage with half-sister—of same father—was allowed? cf. Nö:ZMG 1886, 150 & Gn 20:12).

3. symbol. of Judah, Samaria, Sodom & Jerusalem Je 3:7, 3:8; 3:10, Ez 16:45, 16:52, 16:52 (del. Co) +, 23:4, 23:11 +.

4. fig. of intimate connection אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָרִמָּה…קָרָאתִי Jb 17:14; אֱמֹר לַחָכְמָה אֲחֹתִי אַתְּ Pr 7:4. †

5.. another, אִשָּׁה אֶל־אֲחֹתָהּ, of curtains of tabern. Ex 26:3, 26:3, 26:6, loops v:5, tenons v:17; of wings of living creatures, Ezek.'s vision Ez 1:9, 1:23, 3:13; not of persons, but vid. רְעוּת.

28

אָחוּ:n.m.:Jb 8:11 coll. reeds, rushes (Aram. אַחְוָא, orig. Egypt., cf. demot. aχu̇ fr. ȧχȧ be green, v. Ebers:AG & BB Mos. 338; Wied:Sammlung 16) Gn 41:2, 41:18 (E) Jb 8:11; also Ho 13:15 where rd. אָחִים pl. for אֲחָוִים (cf. AW), or fr. a parall. form [אָחֶה], v. De:Compl. Var. 23 f.

אַחְוָה v. חוה. p. 296

אָחַז:68 vb. grasp, take hold, take posses-sion (Ar. أَخَذَ, Sab. אחַדַ Sab. Denkm.:39, Aram. אֲחַד, ܐܶܚܰܕ As. aḫazu, Eth. 0axza:)—Qal Pf. אָחַז Ex 15:14 +; אָֽחֲזָה Jb 23:11, Is 33:14; sf. אֲחָזַנִי 2 S 1:9; 1 s. sf. אֲחַזְתִּיו Ct 3:4, etc.; Impf. יאֹחֵז Jb 17:9 +; וַיּ֫אֹחֶז 2 S 6:6; 3 fs. תּאֹחֵז Dt 32:41; וַתּאֹחֶזRu 3:15; וַתֹּחֶז 2 S 20:9; וָאֹחֵז Ju 20:6; יאֹחֵזוּן Is 13:8; sf. יאֹחֲזֵ֫מוֹ Ex 15:15; יאֹחֱזוּךְ Je 13:21, etc.;—† as פ׳ gutt. וַיֶּאֱחֹז Ju 16:3 1 K 6:10; 2 ms. תֶּאֱחֹז Ec 7:18; Inf. אֲחֹז 1 K 6:6; אֱחֹז 1 Ch 13:9 + 3 t.; Imv. אֱחֹז Ex 4:4, 2 S 2:21, אֶחֳזִי־ Ru 3:15; אֶחֱזוּ Ct 2:15; אֱחָֹזוּ Ne 7:3; Pt. act. אֹחֵז 2 Ch 25:5; pass. אָחוּז Est 1:6, etc.;—grasp, take hold of, sq. בְּ Gn 25:26, Ex 4:4 (both J) Ju 16:3, 20:6 ( = וַיַּחֲזֵק בְּ 19:29) 2 S 4:10, 6:6, 20:9, 1 K 1:51, Ru 3:15, 3:15; 1 K 6:6 of beams having hold in a wall; (cf. בֵּית אֲבָנִים יֶיֽחֱזֶהָ Jb 8:17; Hoffm rds. יֹחֲזָה = יאֹ׳); also Ct 7:9 of taking hold of branches, in metaph.; poet, fig., of God's seizing man in wrath Jb 16:12; taking hold graciously Ps 73:23; taking hold of judgment Dt 32:41; subj. man בַּאֲשֻׁרוֹ אָֽחֲזָה רַגְלִי Jb 23:11 (‖דַּרְכּוֹ שָׁמַרְתִּי cf. also 17:9); of taking hold of folly Ec 2:3 cf. 7:18; subj. הַשַּׁחַר Jb 38:13, לֶאֱחֹו בְּבַנְפוֹת הָאָָרֶץ; also sq. acc. Ju 1:6, 12:6, 16:21, 2 S 2:21, Is 5:29, Ct 2:15, 3:4, 1 Ch 13:9, 2 Ch 25:5, Ps 56:1, 137:9; cf. 1 K 6:10 (cf. v:6 supr.), subj. הַיָּחוּעַ, אֶת־ וַיֶּא׳ הַבַּיִת בַּעֲחֵי אֲרָזִים; of a snare catching the heel, in metaph. Jb 18:9; fig., subj. God Ps 77:5; God's hand 139:10; subj. pain, sorrow, fear, etc. Ex 15:14, 15:15, 2 S 1:9, Jb 21:6, 30:16, Ps 48:7, 119:53, Is 21:3, 33:14, Je 13:21, 49:24; subj. man, obj. fear, etc. Jb 18:20, Is 13:8; obj. דֶּרֶךְ take one's way Jb 17:9 יאֹחֵז חַדִּיק דַּרְכּוֹ AV RV hold on his way (cf. 23:11 supr., & As. ṣabâtu urḫu, e. g. V. R:1, 74);—abs. Ne 7:3 of barring gates; pt. pass. caught Ec 9:12; fastened, held Est 1:6; taken (by lot) 1 Ch 24:6, 24:6, 24:6 (on text v. Öt); taken out of a number Nu 31:30, 31:47; pt. act. of same form אֲחֻזֵי חֶרֶב Ct 3:8 cf. Thes Ba:NB 175 & Eth. Pt.; similarly Aram. אָחִיד, e.g. Targum Am 2:5; ܐܰܚܺܕ e.g. SyrVer Ju 8:10, 1 Ch 5:18; & Ez 41:6, 41:6 (but v. Co). Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נאֹחֲזוּ Jos 22:9; וְנאֹ׳ (cons.) Nu 32:30; Impf. וַיֵּאָחֲזוּ Gn 47:27; Imv. הֵאָֽחֲזוּ Gn 34:10 Jos 22:19; Pt. נֶאֱחָז Gn 22:13; נֶאֱחָזִים Ec. 9:12; —be caught Gn 22:13, Ec 9:12; elsewhere have possessions Gn 34:10, 47:27, Nu 32:30, Jos 22:9, 22:19 (P). Pi. Pt. מְאַחֵז Jb 26:9 c. acc. enclose, overlay (so As. Dl:W, p. 294, cf. Aram ܐܰܚܕ, shut). Hoph. Pt. pl. מָאֳחָזִים 2 Ch 9:18 fastened to sq. לְ.

אָחָז n.pr.m. (he hath grasped, abbrev. for יהואחז (q.v.) cf. As. Ia-u-ḫa-zi (i.e. Ahaz) COT on 2 K 16:8)

1. king of Judah, son of Jotham, father of Hezekiah 2 K 15:38, 16:1, 16:2, 16:5, 16:7, 16:8, 13 t. 2 K; Is 1:1, 7:1, 7:3, 7:10, 7:12, 14:28, 38:18; 1 Ch 3:13, 2 Ch 27:9 + 8 t. 2 Ch; Ho 1:1, Mi 1:1.

2. son of Micah, & great-grandson of Jonathan 1 Ch 8:35, 8:36, 9:42 ( + 9:41 cf. LXXL Vulgate).

אֲחֻזָּה:66 n.f. possession—א׳ Gn 47:11 + 11 t.; cstr. אֲחֻזַּת Gn 17:8 + 21 t.; sf. אֲחֻזָּתְֽךָ Ps 2:8; —possession, P & late; of landed property Gn 47:11, Lv 14:34, 25:10, 25:13, 25:25, 25:27, 25:28, 25:33 (houses) 25:41, 25:45, 25:46, Nu 27:4, 32:5, 32:22, 32:29, 35:8, Dt 32:49, Jos 21:12, 21:39, Ez 44:28, 45:5, 45:6, 45:7, 45:7, 45:8, 46:18, 46:18, 46:18, 48:20, 48:21, 48:22, 48:22, 1 Ch 7:28, 9:2, 2 Ch 11:14, 31:1, Ne 11:3; c. אֶרֶץ, אֲחֻזָּה א׳ = land possessed, one's own land Gn 36:43, Lv 14:34, 25:24, Nu 35:28, Jos 22:4, 22:9, 22:19, 22:19, cf. אֲחֻזַּת הָאָרֶץ Lv 27:24; c. שָׂדֶה, אֲחֻזָּה שׂ׳ Lv 27:16, 27:22, 27:28, cf. v:21; c. עִיר, אֲתֻּזָּה ע׳ Lv 25:32, 25:33; אֲחֻזַּת נַחֲלָה = possession by right of inheritance Nu 27:7, 32:32, & נַחֲלַת א׳ 35:2 cf. בְּנַחֲלָה א׳ Ez 46:16 (but Co as Nu 27:7 so B); אֲחֻזַּת קֶבֶר Gn 23:4, 23:9, 23:20, 49:30, 50:13; עוֹלם א׳ Gn 17:8, 48:4, Lv 25:34; in promise to Davidic king וַאֲחֻזָּתְֽךָ אַסְפֵי־אָרֶץ Ps 2:8 (‖נַחֲלָה); fig. of י׳ as portion of Levit. priests Ez 44:28 (‖נַחֲלָה).

אֲחַזְיָ֫הוּ, אֲחַזְיָה, אַחְזַי n.pr.m. (Yah(u) hath grasped; LXX ̓Οχοζ(ε)ιας 1 K 22:52 etc., cf. Lag:BN 53)

1. king of Isr., son of Ahab 1 K 22:40, 22:50, 22:52, 2 K 1:18, 2 Ch 20:37 (אֲחַזְיָהוּ); + 2 K 1:2, 2 Ch 20:35 (אֲחַזְיָה).

2. king of Judah, son of Joram 2 K 8:24, 8:25, 9:21, 10:13, 11:1, 12:19, 13:1, 14:13, 1 Ch 3:11, 22:1 + 15 t. 2 K 1 Ch (all אֲחַזְיָהוּ); 2 K 9:16, 9:23, 9:27, 9:29, 11:2 (אֲחַזְיָה).

3. אַחְזַי a priest Ne 11:13 (for which יַחְזֵרָה 1 Ch 9:12 v. Sm:Listen, Tafel).

אֲחֻזָּם n.pr.m. (possessor) a man of Judah 1 Ch 4:6.

אֲחֻזַּת n.pr.m. (possession) friend of Abi-melech Gn 26:26.

I. אחח (cry, howl, onomat., cf. Ar. احّ).

† [אֹחַ] n.[m.] jackal (As. aḫû Dl:w) pl. אֹחִים Is 13:21 וּמָֽלְאוּ בָּֽתֵּיהֶם א׳חִיִּים).

II. אחח?

†II. אָח n.f. fire-pot, brasier (ar. إِخّ in Thes, is an error) alw. c. art. Je 36:22 לְפָנָיו הַא׳ מְבֹעָָרֶת the brasier before him was burning; v:23 הָאֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר אֶל־הָא׳; v:23 הָאֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָא׳ (I. אָח, brother v. sub אחה; III. אָח interj., p. 25).

29

אֲחוֹחַ n.pr.m. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:4 (perh. corruption of אחיה v:7 q. v.)

אֲחוֹחִי (אֲחֹחִי) adj.gent. 2 S 23:9 (where for בֶּן־א׳ rd. הָא׳ We Dr; ref. unknown: Klo prop. (ל)בֶּן אִישׁ חַיִ cf. v:20) v:28 = 1 Ch 11:12, 11:29, 27:4.

אֵחִי n.pr.m. a son of Benjamin Gn 46:21 (P) (perh. corruption of אֲחִירָם Nu 26:38 (P); so also אַחֲרַח 1 Ch 8:1 cf. אַחֵר 7:12 & comm.)

אחל (existence & meaning dub.)

אַחְלָָי n.pr.. (Dl:Pr 210 trans. O ! would that! (cf. אַחְלַי sub III. אָח supr. p. 25) & comp. interjectional Bab. name Aḫulapia, O! that I at last! Zim:BP 116; cf. Ol:§ 277; otherwise Hal:JAS 7, x. 360)

1. f. daughter of Sheshan 1 Ch 2:31; so Be Öt al. in view of v:34.

2. m. father of one of David's mighty men (not in 2 S 23) 1 Ch 11:41.

אַחְלָב v. חלב. p. 316

אַחְלָָמָה n.f. perh. amethyst (etym. dub.; sub חלם Thes q.v.; Hal:JAs 7, x. 426 fr. חלם être fort, solide; Di Kn comp. Talm. חַלְמִית, malva & think of green malachite; Dl:HA 36 N der.fr. Aram. land Aḫlamû), amethyst acc. to LXX Vulgate Josephus; v. also Lag:GGA 1884, 285, but cf. Di; one of the gems on the ephod Ex 28:19, 39:12.

אֲחַסְבַּי n.pr.m. father of Eliphelet, one of David's heroes 2 S 23:34. (Meaning dub.; 1 Ch 11:35 has :אוּר, sq. חֵפֶר; txt. prob. corrupt.)

אָחַר vb. to remain behind, delay, tarry (Ar. أَخَّرَ to put off, also to remain behind; Aram. Pa. אֵחַר, Aph. ܐܰܘܚܰܪ, Shaph. ܫܰܘܳܚܰܪ, Sab. אחַר Osiander:ZMG 1865, 197; אחַחַר DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 34). † Qal once only Gn 32:5 וָאֵחַר (contr. fr. וָאֶאֱחַר cf. אֵהָָב Pr 8:17) and I have tarried until now. † Pi. Pf. אֵחַר Gn 34:19; אֶחֱרוּ Ju 5:28; Impf. יְאַחֵר, תְּאַחֵר (3 t. תְּאַחַָר) etc. Gn 24:56 + 9 t.; Pt. (־רֵי) מְאַהֲרִים 3 t.

1. intensive, delay, tarry, abs. Ju 5:28 (‖בּשֵׁשׁ לָבוֹא) Is 46:13 and my salvation לאֹ תִאַחֵר Hb 2:3, Ps 40:18 = 70:6, Dn 9:19; with ל & inf. Gn 34:19.—Pr 23:30 מְאַחֲרִים עַל־הַיָּיִ֑ן those tarrying over the wine, Is 5:11 מְאַחֲרֵי בַנֶּשֶׁף, Ps 127:2 מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת (‖מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם).

2. causat. of Qal, cause one to delay, hinder Gn 24:56; keep back(= bring late) Ex 22:28; with ל & inf. delay to… Dt 23:22 quoted Ec 5:3: ellipt. Dt 7:10 he delayeth (it, the recompense) not to his enemy.—2 S 20:5 Qr וַיּ֫וֹחֶר is taken by Ol:§ 241 c as Qal (cf. וַתֹּ֫חֶז v:9 from אָחַז), by Sta:§ 498 c Kö:1. 397 Ges:§ 68 2 Rem as Hiph. (lit. shewed, exhibited delay): on the Kt (? וַיֵּיחַר) v. Dr:Sm.

I. אַחֵר adj. another (prop. one coming behind), f. אַחֶ֫רֶת (with dag. f. implic.); pl. אֲחֵרִים (as if from sg. אָחֵר), once Jb 31:10 אֲחֵרִין, אֲחֵרוֹת (= Ar. آخَرُ, Sab. אאחַר, As. aḫru future fpl. as subst. aḫrat ûmê future of days) Gn 4:25 זֶרַע אַחֵר another seed 8:10 שִׁבְעַת יָמִים אֲחֵרִים seven other days Ex 22:4 בִּשְׂדֵה אַחֵר in the field of another + oft.; אִישׁ אַחֵר another man (husband) Gn 29:19, Dt 24:2, Je 3:1; חָחֵר הָאַחֶרֶת 1 K 7:8 the other court, v. חָחֵר; הַחוֹמָה א׳ 2 Ch 32:5 the other wall, v. חוֹמָה. Appended to a n. pr. for distinction Ezr 2:31= Ne 7:34 (see v:7 = Ne v:12) Ne 7:33 (prob. here txt. err., v. Be Ry:18: not in Ezr 2:29). Often with the collat. sense of different, as בְּגָדִים א׳ other garments Lv 6:4, 1 S 28:8, Ez 42:14, 44:19; עָפָר, אֲבָנִים Lv 14:42; רוּחַ Nu 14:24; וְנֶהְפַּכְתָָּ לְאִישׁ אַ׳ 1 S 10:6; לֵב v:9, Ez 11:19 (LXX Hi Sm); שֵׁם Is 65:15 (cf. 62:2 חָדָשׁ); with that of strange, alien, as אִישׁ אַ׳ Dt 20:5, 20:6, 20:7, 28:30 ( so אַחֵר, אֲחֵרִם alone Ps 109:8, Jb 31:8, 31:10, Is 65:22, Je 6:12, 8:10 al.); עַם Dt 28:32; אֶרֶץ 29:27 Je 22:26; אִשָּׁה Ju 11:2; לָשׁוֹן Is 28:11 (‖בְּלַעֲגֵי שָׂפָה); esp. in the phrase אֱלהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods (63 t.) Ex 20:3 (= Dt 5:7) 23:13 (both JE) Jos 24:2, 24:16 (E) 1 S 26:19, Ho 3:1, & particularly in Dt (6:14, 8:19 + 15 t.) & Deut. writers, as Jos 23:16 Ju 2:12, 2:17, 2:19 Je (18 t.) & compiler of Kings; אֵל אַחֵר once Ex 34:14 (JE). So אַחֵר alone Is 42:8, Ps 16:4. † Of time, following, next (rare) בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַ׳ Gn 17:21 (P) in the next year; 2 K 6:29 בַּיּוֹם הָאַ׳; דּוֹר אַ׳ Joel 1:3, Ps 109:13 poet. the next generation (Ju 2:10 in prose = another generation).

אַחַר prop. subst. the hinder or following part (cf. the pl.)

1. adv. a. of place, behind, twice Gn 22:13 (many MSS. Sam. LXX SyrVer Ol Ew read אֶחָד v. Di) Ps 68:26. b. of time, afterwards Gn 10:18, 18:5, 24:55, 30:21, Ju 19:5 +; וְאַחַר in laws of P, as Lv 14:8, 14:19, 15:28, 22:7, Nu 5:26 al.

2. prep. a. of place, behind, after Ex 3:1, 11:5, 2 K 11:6, Ct 2:9, Is 57:8: הָלַח אַחַר to go after, follow Gn 37:17, 2 K 13:2, 23:3, Is 65:2, Ez 13:3, Jb 31:7; חָיָה אַחַר 1 S 12:14; מֵאַחַר from after2 S 7:8, Ps 78:71, Is 59:13. b. of time, after Gn 9:28, Lv 25:15 al; הָאֵלֶּה אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים after these things † Gn 15:1, 22:1, 39:7, 40:1, 1 K 17:17, 21:1, Ezr 7:1, Est 2:1, 3:1; אַחַר כֵּןLv 14:36, Dt 21:13, 1 S 10:5; אַחַר זֶה (late) 2 Ch 32:9; sq. inf. † Nu 6:19, Je 40:1, 1 Ch 2:24, Jb 21:3; עַד אַחַר till afterNe 13:19. c. Ne 5:15 strangely: Ew RV besides; but text prob. corrupt, v. Be Ry.

3.conj. אַחַר אֲשֶׁר after that Ez 40:1; and without אשׁר Lv 14:43, Je 41:16, Jb 42:7. As prep. & conj. the pl. אַחֲרֵי is much more freq., which in any case must be used before suffixes. Plur. only cstr. אַחֲרֵי with sf. אַחֲרַי, אַחֲרֶיךָ, etc. 1. subst. hinder part †2 S 2:23 בְּאַחֲרֵי הַחֲנִית with the hinder end of the spear. 2. prep. a. of place, behind, after Gn 18:10 וְהוּא אַחֲרָיו and it behind him Dt 11:30, Ju 5:14, 1 S 14:13, 21:10; Ho 5:8 אַחֲרֶיךָ Behind thee! (sc. Look or The foe is); with a vb.as הִבִּיט to look Gn 19:17, 1 S 24:9, הֵנִיעַ ראֹשׁ to shake the head 2 K 19:21 ( = Is 37:22), esp. verbs expressing or implying motion, as בָּא to enter in (v. Dr 2 S 20:14) בִּעֵר, דָּבֵק, דָּלַק, הָיָה, הָלַח, מִלֵּא, פָּנָה, רָדַף, הִשְׁלִיח (see these words). b. of time, after Gn 9:9 זַרְעֲכֶם אַחֲרֵיכֶם your seed after you; similarly 17:7–10, 17:19, 35:12, 48:4, Ex 28:43, Nu 25:13 all P (also Dt 1:8, 4:37, 10:15, 1 S 24:22, 2 S 7:12 ‖), & with בָּנָיו Gn 18:19 J ( + בֵּיתוֹ) Ex 29:29 P Lv 25:46 H Dt 4:40, 12:25, 12:28, Je 32:18, 32:39, 1 Ch 28:8, Pr 20:7, דּוֹרוֹתֵינוּ Jos 22:27, בֵּיתוֹ Jb 21:21; Ex 10:14, Ju 10:3 etc.; with inf. Gn 5:4 אַחֲרֵי הוֹלִידֹוֹ after his begetting Sheth, 13:14, 14:17, 18:12, 25:11 + oft.; אַחֲרֵי־כֵן afterwards Gn 6:4 (אחרי כן אשׁר = afterwards, when, cf. 2 Ch 35:20) 15:14, 23:19, 25:26, 32:21, 41:31, 45:15 etc.; ויהי אחרי־כן as a formula of transition chiefly in 2 S (2:1 8:110:113:1 21:18 ‖) cf. 1 S 24:6, Ju 16:4, 2 K 6:24, 2 Ch 20:1, 24:4 †; in late Heb. אַחֲרֵי זאֹתJb 42:16, Ezr 9:10, 2 Ch 21:18 ( + כָּל־ 35:20 (do.); cf. Aram. אַחֲרֵי דְנָה Dn 2:29, 2:45, and בָּאתַר דְּנָה Dn 7:6, 7:7.—The local (metaph.) and temporal senses blend Ps 49:14 וְאַחֲרֵיהֶם בְּפִיהֶם יִרְחוּ & after them (i.e. following, imitating them) men applaud their speech, cf. Jb 21:33. 3. conj. אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר after that, with the finite vb. Dt 24:4, Jos 7:8, 9:16, 23:1, 24:20 +; without אשׁרLv 25:48, 1 S 5:9 †. (The most common constr. of אחרי is as a prep. with the inf. cstr.) Jos 2:7 אַחֲרֵי כַּאֲשֶׁר יָחְֽאוּ must be an error, either for אחרי אשׁר or for כאשׁר alone (notice אחריהם twice in the same verse); 2 S 24:10 rd. אַחֲרֵי סָפַר vid. Dr.

4. with other preps.:—a. מֵאַחֲרֵי:57, 1 Ch 17:7 מִן־אַחֲרֵי (‖ 2 S 7:8 מֵאַחַר); (α) from behind Gn 19:26, 2 S 2:23; from after i.e. from following after, usually with שׁוּב or סוּר 1 S 24:2, 2 S 2:22, 2:26, 2:30, 11:15; Jos 22:16, 22:18, 22:23, 22:29, 1 S 15:11 +; with other vbs. of motion, as עָלָה 1 S 14:46, 2 S 20:2, נַעֲלָה 2 S 2:27, לָקַח Am 7:15, 1 Ch 17:7, זָנָה Ho 1:2; pregn. Is 30:21 thy ears shall hear a word מֵאַחֲרֶיךָ coming from behind thee, Je 9:21 (sc. נָפַל, see v:a) 1 S 13:7 LXXL We Dr חָֽרְדוּ מֵאַחֲרָיו (β) denoting position (מן = off, on the side of; see מן behind Ex 14:19, 14:19, Jos 8:2, 8:4, 8:14, 1 K 10:19, Ne 4:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי לְ) 2 Ch 13:13 b, (γ) of time (rare) † Dt 29:21, Ec 10:14; מֵאַחֲרֵי כֵן2 S 3:28, 15:1, 2 Ch 32:23. b.אֶל־אַחֲרֵי 2 S 5:23, 2 K 9:18 סֹב אֶל־אַחֲרַי v:19, Zc 6:6. c.עַל־אַחֲרֵי Ez 41:15 beside, at the back of.

30

אַחֲרַי adj. Pr 28:23 (si vera l.)

אָדָם אַחֲרַי a man that turneth backwards (cf. Je 7:24) so Jos Ki De Ol:p. 429 (doubtfully) Now Sta:§ 301 b: acc. to Ew:§ 220 a Hi an abnormal adv. = afterwards, Lag:Pr conj. בְּאָרְחוֹ cf. LXX ὁδούς.

אָחוֹר:41 subst. (Arab. أُخُرُ) the hinder side, back part, in the sg., mostly in adverbial phrases:—a. as accus., in poetry backwards 23 t. ( = prose אֲחֹרַנִּית) with vbs. such as נָפַל fall Gn 49:17, נָשׂוֹג be turned 2 S 1:22 (‖תָּשׁוּב רֵיקָם), שׁוּב Ps 9:4, 56:10 +, נָסוֹג 35:4, 40:15 + (of enemies repulsed), 44:19, Is 50:5 (from obedience to God), נָזוֹר Is 1:4, הֵשׁיב 44:25, Ps 44:11, הִכָּה 78:66; behind (opp. קֶדֶם) Ps 139:5, Jb 23:8; in the phrase פָּנִים וְאָחוֹר in front and behind1 Ch 19:10 (altered from וּמֵאָ׳ מִפָּ׳ in 2 S v. infr.) 2 Ch 13:14, Ez 2:10. b. בְּאָחוֹרPr 29:11, וְחָכָם בְּאָחוֹר יְשַׁבְּחֶנָּה Ges Hi but a wise man stilleth it (רוּחַ anger) backwards (sc. when it would break forth), De in the background, sc. of his heart (‖כָּל־רוּחוֹ יוֹחִיא כְסִיל). c. לְאָחוֹר (α) as a.Ps 114:3, 114:5, Je 7:24; (β) of time, hereafter (cf. לְפָנִים = before) † Is 41:23, 42:23. d. מֵאָחוֹר behind (מן = on the side of) † 2 S 10:9 מִפָּנִים וּמֵ׳ in front and behind, Is 9:11 וּפְלִשְׁתִּים מֵאָ׳ and the Philistines behind (= on the West), opp. אֲרָם מִקֶּדֶם. †Plur. cstr. אֲחֹרֵי hinder part (of the tabernacle) Ex 26:12, (of a man or animal 33:23, 1 K 7:25 (= 2 Ch 4:4) Ez 8:16.

אַחֹרַנִּית adv. (prop. an adj. fem., cf. קְדֹרַנִּית Sta:§ 367) backwards (= poet. אָחוֹר Gn 9:23, 9:23, 1 S 4:18, 1 K 18:37, 2 K 20:10, 20:11, Is 38:8.

אַחֲרוֹן:51 f. אַחֲרוֹנָה pl. אַחֲרֹנִים (also אַחֲרוֹנִים adj. from אַחַר, coming after or behind (as a compar. or superl., acc. to the context); hence a. of place, behind, hindermost Gn 33:2, 33:2; הָאַחֲרוֹן הַיָּם the hinder (= the Western) sea (i.e. the Mediterranean: opp. הַיָּם הַקַּדְמוֹנִי the front sea = the Dead Sea, the Semites, in defining the quarters of the heavens, turning naturally to the East, cf. קֶדֶם of the East, יָמִין, תֵּימָן of the South, above s. v. אָחוֹר d. and As. mat aḫarru ‘the Western land,’ of Phoenicia & Palestine) † Dt 11:24, 34:2, Jo 2:20, Zc 14:8; Jb 18:20 poet. אַחֲרֹנִים Ew Hi Di De the dwellers in the West (opp. קַדְמוֹנִים). More commonly b. of time, latter or last (acc. to context) Ex 4:8, Dt 24:3, 2 S 19:12, Is 8:23, of God Is 44:6 (‖רִאשׁוֹן) 48:12 (do.) cf. 41:4; in genl. subsequent (vaguely), יוֹם א׳ = time to comeIs 30:8, Pr 31:25 (but Ne 8:18 הַיוֹם הָאַ׳ = the last day), אַ׳(הָ) דּוֹר(הַ) the following generation † Dt 29:21, Ps 48:14, 78:4, 78:6, 102:19, אַחֲרֹנִים(הָ) they that come after Jb 18:20 (Ges Schl) Ec 1:11, 4:16, but Is 41:4 the last, Jb 19:25 וְאַחֲרוֹן עַל־עָפָר יָקוּם and as one coming after (me) (and so able to establish my innocence when I am dead) will he (גֹּֽאֲלִי my Vindicator) arise upon the dust.—The fem. is used adverbially (cf. רִאשֹׁנָה) = afterwards or at the last (acc. to context): (a) absol. † Dan 11:29; (β) בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה (opp. בָּרִאשֹׁנָה) † Dt 13:10, 17:7, 1 S 29:2, 2 S 2:26, 1 K 17:13, Dn 8:3; (γ) לָאַ׳Nu 2:31 (P) Ec 1:11.

31

אַחֲרִית:61 n.f. after-part, end;—a. of place, only Ps 139:9 (late) יָם א׳. b. of time, latter part or actual close (acc. to context), opp. רֵאשִׁית;—of year Dt 11:12; of a man's life Nu 23:10, Pr 5:11, Jb 8:7, 42:12; of a people's existence Nu 24:20; = final lot Dt 32:20, 32:29, Je 12:4, 31:17, Ps 73:17; a future, i.e. a happy close of life, suggesting sometimes the idea of a posterity, promised to the righteous Pr 23:18 (‖תִּקְוָה hope) 24:14, Je 29:11 (וְתִקְוָה לָתֵת לָכֶם א׳), withheld from the wicked Pr 24:20 (‖:נֵר יִדְעָֽח : v. infr.); the end or ultimate issue of a course of action Je 5:31, Pr 14:12, 23:32 (of wine, i.e. of indulgence in it) 25:8, Is 46:10 (absol., but implicitly of a phase of history) 47:7 (of the conduct described v:6 b-7 a) Dn 12:8, Ec 7:8; of a prediction = the event Is 41:22. בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים in the end of the days, a prophetic phrase denoting the final period of the history so far as the speaker's perspective reaches; the sense thus varies with the context, but it often = the ideal or Messianic future; † Gn 49:1 (of the period of Israel's possession of Canaan) Nu 24:14, Dt 4:30 (of the period of Israel's return to God after adversity) 31:29 (of the period of Israel's rebellion) Ho 3:5, Is 2:2 ( = Mi 4:1) Je 23:20 (v. Graf) = 30:24, 48:47, 49:39, Ez 38:16 (of the period of Gog's attack upon restored Israel) Dn 2:28 (Aram.) 10:14 (of the age of Antiochus Epiphanes): cf. הַשָּׁנִים כְּא׳ Ez 38:8. c. הַגּוֹיִם א׳ Je 50:12 the last, hindermost of the nations (of Babylon), opp. ראשׁית הגוים Am 6:1 (Israel) cf. Nu 24:20 (Amalek) chief of the nations. d. concr. posterity (extension of usage noted above in Pr 24:20) Ps 37:37, 37:38 (possibly not more than ‘a future’ here) 109:13 (‖אַחֵר יִמַּח שְׁמָם בְּדוֹר) Am 4:2, 9:1, Ez 23:25, 23:25 (acc. to others, in these four passages, remnant, residue) Dn 11:4.

† II. אַחֵר n.pr.m. 1 Ch 7:12 (ident. & meaning quite dub.; Be thinks = אַחֵר adj. another, to avoid naming Dan (cf. Gn 46:23, Nu 26:42) on account of the narrative Ju 17 f. Öt identifies with שַׁחֲרַיִם 8:8).

אַחֲרַח n.pr.m. a son of Benjamin 1 Ch 8:1 (perh. corruption of אֲחִירָם Nu 26:38, cf. also אֵחִי).

אֲחַרְחֵל n.pr.m. app. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 4:8 (deriv. & mng. dub.)

אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִים n.m.pl. satraps (Pers. Khshatřapâvan, protectors of the realm, v. Spieg:APK 215 = ἐξατράπης, σατράπης, cf. Lag:G. Abh. 68, 14: Sem. i. 42 f, who rds. אַחְשַׁדְרְפָן)—א׳ Est 8:9, 9:3; cstr. אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵי 3:11, Ezr 8:36.

אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ n.pr.m. Ahasuerus = Xerxes (Pers. Khshayârshâ = mighty + eye or man, vid. Spiegel:l. c. 216; in Aram. חשיארש, CIS:II. i. 122 [B. C. 481]) king of Pers. Ezr 4:6, Est 1:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:9, 1:10 + 18 t. Est + Est 10:1 Qr (Kt אחשׁרשׁ); אֲחַשְׁוֵרשׁ Est 1:16, 2:21, 3:12, 8:7, 8:10; also Dn 9:1 where made father of ‘Darius the Mede,’ cf. Meinh.

אֲחַשְׁתָּרִי n.pr.m. but in form adj. gent. (cf. Be) הָאֲח׳ 1 Ch 4:6 (perh. Pers. = belonging to the realm, royal, vid. infr.)

† [אֲחַשְׁתְּרָן] adj. (?) royal (fr. Pers. Khshatrûa, lordship, realm, vid. Spiegel:l. c. 215) pl. הָאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִים agreeing with הָרֶכֶשׁ Est 8:10, 8:14.

אַחַת v. אֶחָד. p. 31

אַט v. אטט. below

אטד (mng. dub.; perh. cf. Ar. وطد make firm, strong, cf. Thes MV).

אָטָד n.m.:Ju 9:15 bramble, buck-thorn (cf. Che Ps 58:10) (rhamnus, Ar. أَطَد As. eṭidu v. Dl:W, No. 153, Aram אַטְדָּא, ܐܛܕܐ cf. Löw:No. 15) contr. עֵחִים Ju 9:14, 9:15, 9:15 (personif., in fable); Ps 58:10 as fuel (in fig., cf. Che); כְּגֹרֶן הָא׳, n.loc., Gn 5:10, 5:11 (v. גֹּרֶן & אבל מחרים).

אטט Arab. أَطَّ to emit a moaning or creaking sound (cf. AW:Lex. 36 Ges:Jes. i. 604 f Lane:i. 66).

† [אִטִּי Ol.:412] n.m. mutterer, pl. אִטִּים Is 19:3 mutterers (‖אֹבוֹת, יִדְּעֹנִים) i.e. either ventriloquists or whisperers of charms (cf. 8:19, 29:4).

אַט subst. gentleness, used only adverbially:—a. as adverb. accus. 1 K 21:27 :וַיְהַלֵח אַֽט and he (Ahab) went about softly (sc. in penitence); b. with לְ of norm or state (as in לָבֶטַח, v. לְ) 2 S 18:5 לְאַט־לִי לַנַּעַר (deal) gently for me with the young man, Is 8:6 the waters of Shiloah הַהֹלְכִים לְאַָט that go gently; with pretonic qameṣ Jb 15:11 :דָּבָר לָאַט עִמָּֽח a word (spoken) gently with thee; with sf. Gn 33:14 and I אֶתְנַהֲלָה לְאִטִּי will lead on gently (lit. according to my gentleness).

† [אטם] vb. shut, shut up (Mish. אטם, cf. אוֹטֶם stoppage, Aram. אֲטַם; Ar. أَطَمَ contract, stop, أُطْمُ fortress; As. aṭamu, in list of headgear, etc. = turban? Dl:W, No. 155)—Qal Pt. act. אֹטֵם Pr 17:28 + 2 t.; pass. אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4; אֲטֻמוֹת Ez 40:16 + 2 t.;—shut, stop, obj. lips Pr 17:28; ears 21:13, Is 33:15; pass. = closed (i.e. narrowed, narrowing, cf. SyrVer in Co) חַלּוֹנוֹת א׳ Ez 40:16, 41:16, 41:26; cf. חַלּוֹנֵי שְׁקֻפִים אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4. Hiph. Impf. i.q. Qal יַאְטֵם Ps 58:5 (juss. with sense of indic., cf. Dr:§ 173 obs.) of adder, stopping ears, sim. of wicked.

32

אֵטוּן n.[m.] thread, yarn (etym. unknown; on form v. Ges:84 a. 12. R. Talm. אֵטוּנָא, אַטוּנָא, cord, rope; so Targum) cstr. מִחְרַיִם א׳ Pr 7:16.

† [אָטַר] vb. shut up, close, bind (Ar. أَطَرَ bend, curve, إِطَارُ what surrounds, encloses Qal Impf. 3 fs. תֶּאְטַר Ps 69:16 (עָלַי בְּאֵר פִּיהָ אַל תּ׳).

אָטֵר n.pr.m. (binder?) a chief of Jews Ezr 2:16, 2:42, Ne 7:21, 7:45, 10:18.

אִטֵּר adj. shut up, bound (NH אִטֵּר, lame) יַד־יְמִינוֹ אִישׁ א׳ Ju 3:15, 20:16 a man bound, restricted, as to his right hand, i.e. left-handed.

[אַי] (أَيُّ, 0ay: in Syr. in cpds. as ܐܰܝܟܰܢ how ? W:SG 120–2; cf. As. aiu, who? what?). †

1. interrog. adv. where? a. so with sf. אַיֶּכָּה [a verbal form, v. Sta:§ 355 b. 3] Gn 3:9; אַיּוֹ Ex 2:20, poet. where is he? = he is nowhere Jb 14:10, 20:7 (Je 37:19 rd. Qr אַיֵּה); אַיָּם Na 3:17 (in indirect qu.) and the place thereof is not known, אַיָּם where they are. Idiomatically, with the sf. anticipating the noun to which it refers (Ew:§ 309 c, cf. Dr:Sm. i. 21, 14) 2 K 19:13 אַיּוֹ מֶלֶח־חֲמָת where is he, the king of Hamath? (‖ Is 37:13 אַיֵּה) Is 19:12, Mi 7:10. When used alone, or with other adverbs (v. infr.), it is contracted to אֵי Gn 4:9, Dt 32:37, 1 S 26:16, Pr 31:4 Qr. (The more usual form is אַיֵּה.) b. strengthened by the enclitic זֶה (v. זֶה, 4 אֵי־זֶה:15 where, then ? (never of a person, exc. Est 7:5 (late), & only once 1 K 22:24 [but v. 2 Ch 18:23] with a verb) Is 50:1, 66:1, 66:1, Je 6:16, in indirect qu. 1 S 9:18; in the phrase …אֵי־זֶה הַדֶּרֶח where is the way (that)…? † 1 K 13:12, 2 K 3:8, 2 Ch 18:23, Jb 38:19 a. 38:24.

2. prefixed to other adverbs or pron., אֵי imparts to them an interrog. force: thus a. אֵי־זֶה which (of two or more)? only Ec 2:3, 11:6 (late), in indirect qu. b.אֵי־מִזֶּה whence ? (מִזֶּה = hence; v. sub זֶה) Gn 16:8 אֵי־מִזֶּה בָאתְ 1 S 30:13, 2 S 1:3, 1:13, Jb 2:2; in indirect qu. Ju 13:6, 1 S 25:11; with subst. annexed 2 S 15:2 אֵי־מִזֶּה עִיר אַתָּה lit. whence, as regards city, art thou ? Jon 1:8. c.אֵי־לָזאֹת Je 5:7 upon what ground ? (Vulgate super quo? how? With other adverbs, אֵי coalesces into one word, v. אֵיכָה, אֵיכָכָה, אֵיפֹה.

אַיֵּה:45 (lengthened from אַי, cf. הֵן & הִנֵּה) interr.adv. Where? Gn 18:9, 19:5, 22:7; the most gen. term expressing this idea, used of both person & things (but never with a verb [contrast אֵיפֹה]); oft. in poet. or elevated style, where the answer nowhere is expected, Is 33:18, 36:19, 51:13, Je 2:28 (cf. Dt 32:37 אֵי) 17:15, 37:19, Jb 15:23 he wandereth abroad for bread אַיֵּה (saying) Where is it ? 21:28, Zc 1:5 (אַיֵּה־הֵם); in the (iron.) phrase where is thy (their) God? † Ps 42:4, 42:11, 79:10, 115:2 (אַיֵּה־נָא) Jo 2:17; rhetorically, of an earnest inquiry Je 2:6, 2:8, Job 35:10, or longing Is 63:11, 63:15, Ju 6:13.

אֵיךְ:59 (Aram. אֵיךְ, ܐܰܝܟ [pron. âch]) adv. 1. interrog. How? Gn 26:9, 2 S 1:5, 1:14, 1 K 12:6, Is 20:6 al.; oft. with impf. (esp. in 1 ps.) in an expostulation Gn 39:9, 44:8, 44:34, Jos 9:7, 2 S 2:22, 12:18, Ps 137:4, Is 48:11 for howshould it be profaned ? (ו)איך תאמר how canst or dost thou (do you) say…? Ju 16:15 Is 19:11 Je 2:23 (cf. 8:8 אֵיכָה) 48:14 Ps 11:1; in an indirect sentence 2 K 17:28, Je 36:17, Ru 3:18. 2. as an exclam. How! whether of lamentation 2 S 1:19, Je 2:21, 9:18, Mi 2:4; or of satisfaction Is 14:4, 14:12, Je 48:39, 51:41, Ob:5 al.; with intensive force = how gladly! Je 3:19, how terribly! 9:6 (but others render here ‘for how [else] should I do’? etc.)

אֵיכָה (from אַי and כָּה = כֹּה; cf. As. ekiam) adv. 1. interrog. In what manner? τίνιτρόπῳ; (rather more definite than אֵיח = πῶς); Dt 1:12, 7:17, 12:30, 18:21, 32:30, Ju 20:3 (indirect sentence) 2 K 6:15, Je 8:8, Ps 73:11. 2. exclam. How! (slightly more emph. than אֵיח) Is 1:21, Je 48:17, La 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 4:2. 3. Where? (prop. north-Isr.; cf. Aram. אֵיכָא, أَيكْا where ? Cf. Dr:Intr. 178, 421) only 2 K 6:13 Kt Ct 1:7, 1:7, —each time in an indirect sentence.

אֵיכוֹ 2 K 6:13 Qr where? v. אֵיכָה 3. above

אֵיכָ֫כָה (Ct) אֵֽיכָכָ֫ה (Est) (from אַי & כָּ֫כָה thus) How? only Ct 5:3, 5:3, Est 8:6, 8:6.

I. [אַ֫יִן] adv. (from אַי; As. aina, ainu, Arab. أَيْنَ where ? مِن أَيْنَ whence ?) only in the compound מֵאַ֫יִן:17 whence ? Gn 29:4, 42:7 (syn. אֵי־מִזֶּה e.g. Gn 16:8, 1 S 30:13) Ju 17:9, 19:17, Jb 1:7 (2:2 אֵי־מִזֶּה); used in a rhet. or poet. style (where אֵי־מִזֶּה would be too prosaic) Nu 11:13 מֵאַיִן לִי בָּשָׂר whence have I flesh etc. ? 2 K 6:27, Je 30:7 Alas! for that day is great; מֵאַיִן כָּמוֹהוּ whence is its like ? (see also II. אַיִן ad fin.) Na 3:7, Ps 121:1, Jb 28:12, 28:20; in an indirect sentence Jos 2:4 (cf. אֵי־מִזֶּה 1 S 25:11).

33

אָן adv. (contracted fr. I. אַיִן) where? or whither? 1 S 10:14 (cf. 27:10 SyrVer Targum, v. sub אַל ad fin.); only besides in † מֵאָן whence? 2 K 5:25 Kt (Qr מֵאַיִן); † עַד־אָן of time to what point ? how long? Jb 8:2. With ה locale: אָנָה (a) whither ? Gn 16:8, 32:18, 2 S 2:1, 13:13, 2 K 6:6, Is 10:3, Ps 139:7, 139:7 + 9 t.; in indirect sentence Jos 2:5, Ne 2:16; (b) = where ?Ru 2:19 (c) in the phrase אָ֫נֶהּ וָאָ֫נָה any whither1 K 2:36, 2:42, 2 K 5:25; (d) of time, עַד־אָנָה how long?Ex 16:28, Nu 14:11, 14:11 (c. לאֹ) Jos 18:3, Je 47:6 (sq. לאֹ) Hb 1:2, Ps 13:2, 13:2, 13:3, 13:3, 62:4, Jb 18:2, 19:2 (less common than the syn. עַדּ מָתַי).

אֵיפֹה (from אַי & פֹּה here) adv. 1. where? Gn 37:16, 1 S 19:22, 2 S 9:4, Is 49:21, Je 3:2, Jb 4:7, 38:4, Ru 2:19; in indirect sentence Je 36:19 (less common than אַיֵה, used of persons [contrast אֵי־וֶה] and with a verb [contrast אַיֵּה]). 2. of what kind? (quails ?) only Ju 8:18.

† III. אִי interj. (so in Rabb., v. De:Koh 197 Wr:Eccl 490) alas ! (late) Ec 4:10 אִי לוֹ (written in MT as one word) alas for him (EW:§ 309 c), the one, who falleth, etc. (i.e. who falleth alone) 10:16.

† IV. אִי adv. not (frequently in Rabb., as אִי אֶפְשַׁר impossible; and in Eth. the ordinary negative; cf. Ph. אי CIS:i, 3, 5, and in איבל:165, 18, 167, 11; As. ai) Jb 22:30 אִי־נָקִי the non-innocent.

אִי כָבוֹד (1 S 4:21), אִי־כָבוֹד (1 S 14:3) n.pr.m. (inglorious), son of Phinehas (explained 1 S 4:21 by גָּלָה כָבוֹד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל glory is gone into exile from Israel.

אִיזֶבֶל n.pr.f. (sense uncertain, CIS:i. 158 there occurs the n.pr.f. בעלאזבל Baal exalts? or is husband to? [v. זָבַל], of which אִיוֶבֶל is conjectured by DHM to be an intentional alteration, made for the purpose of avoiding the name Baal. If so, א׳ perhaps suggested to the Hebrew ear the idea of un-exalted or un-husbanded), queen of Ahab, daughter of Ethbaal, king of Tyre 1 K 16:31, 18:4, 18:13, 18:19, 19:1, 19:2, 21:5 +; 2 K 9:7 +.

I. אִי n.m. isle, coast, v. I. אָוָה. p. 15

II. אַ֫יִן nought, v. p. 34.

אִיעֶזָר v. אֲבִיעֶוֶר. p. 4

אִיתָמָר v. I. אָוָה. p. 16

:283 [אָיַב]:283 vb. be hostile to (As. aibu (v. Dl:w), enemy = אֹיֵב)—Qal Pf.וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י Ex 23:22; Pt. אוֹיֵב (אֹיֵב) Ex 15:6 +; sf. אֹיְבִי(אוֹיְבִי)) 2 S 22:18 = Ps 18:18 +; f. sf. אֹיַבְתִּי Mi 7:8, 7:10; אֹיִבְךָ Ex 23:4 +, etc.; pl. אֹויְבִים Ps 68:24, 127:5; אֹיְבִים Ps 139:22, etc.;—be hostile to, treat as enemy Ex 23:22 (E, Cov't code) וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ וְחַרְתִּ֫י אֶת־חֹרְרֶיךָ (subj. י׳); elsewhere Pt. 1 S 18:29 וַיְהִי שָׁאוּל אֹיֵב אֶת־דָּוִד; usually as subst. & mostly sf.; enemy, of personal foe Ex 23:4 (E ‖שׂנֵא v:5) Nu 35:23 (P) 1 S 19:17 (cf. 18:29) 24:5, 24:20, 2 S 4:8, 1 K 21:20, Jb 27:7, Ps 54:9, 55:13 (‖מְשַׂנֵּא; opp. אַלּוּף, מְיֻדָּע v:14) Mi 2:8, Pr 16:7, 24:17 + ; in sim. Je 30:14 (מַכַּת אוֹיֵב); of public national enemy, sg. Ju 16:23, 16:24; coll. Ex 15:6, 15:9, Dt 33:27, Na 3:11, 2 Ch 6:24 +; personif. Mi 7:8, 7:10; more oft. pl. Ex 23:22 (E) Lv 26:7 f (H) Nu 10:9 (P) Dt 1:42, 6:19, Je 15:9, 34:20, 34:21 +; of enemies of God, as protector of his people Nu 10:35 (J) Ju 5:31, 1 S 30:26, 2 S 18:19, Ps 66:3, 68:1, 68:22, Na 1:2, 1:8, Is 66:6 +; as morally supreme Jb 13:24, 33:10, Ps 37:20, 92:10, 92:10 +; of God as enemy of rebellious people Is 63:10, in sim. La 2:4, 2:5.

אֵיבָה n.f. enmity—י׳ Gn 3:15 + 2 t.; cstr. אֵיבַת Ez 25:15, 35:5enmity, personal hostility, betw. men Nu 35:21, 35:22 (P), betw. serpent & woman Gn 3:15 (J), betw. peoples אֵיבַת עוֹלָם Ez 25:15, 35:5.

אִיּוֹב n.pr.m. Job (meaning unknown; Thes √ איב; obj. of enmity, cf. for pass. sense יִלּוֹד; Ew comp. Ar. أَوَّبُ he who turns (to God); but cf. Di on 1:1; all dub. cf. Lag:BN 90) Jb 1:1, 1:5, 1:5, 1:5, 1:8, 1:9, 1:14 + 48 t. Jb; Ez 14:14, 14:20.

אֵיד, אֵד v. אוּד. p. 15

אַיָּה v. III. אוה, sub אוֹי. p. 17

אַיֵּה v. אַי. אִיִּים v. III. אוה. p. 32

אֵיךְ, אֵיכָה, אֵיכָכָה v. ib. p. 32

אַיִל, אַיָּל, אַיָּלָה, אַיָּלוֹן, אֵילוֹן, אֵילָם, אֵילִם, אֵילַת, אֵילוֹת etc. v. אול.

אֱיָל n.m. help (loan-word from Aram. ܐܺܝܳܠܳܐ ܐܺܝܳܠ help, so Lag:Or ii. 7, BN 175, Nö:ZMG 1883, 528) only in sim. כְּגֶבֶר אֵין א׳ Ps 88:5.

† [אֱיָלוּת] n.f. id. sf. אֱיָלוּתִי Ps 22:20 my help (‖יהוה ).

אים (cf. Targum, Talm. אַיֵם terrify Lag:BN 28).

אָיֹם adj. terrible, dreadful—terrible, of Chaldeans אָיֹם וְנוֹרָא הוּא Hb 1:7; of dignified woman, awe-inspiring אֲיֻמָּה כַּנִּדְגָלוֹת Ct 6:4, 6:10.

אֵימָה:17 n.f. terror, dread (Talm. id., cf. As. imtu, Dl:W)—י׳ Gn 15:12 +; אֵימָ֫תָה Ex 15:16 (cf. Ges:§ 90, 2 R. b); cstr. אֵימַת Pr 20:2; sf. אֵימָתִי Ex 23:27; אֵמָתִי Jb 33:7, etc.; pl. אֵימִים Je 50:38; אֵמִים Jb 20:25; אֵימוֹת Ps 55:5; sf. אֵמֶיךָ Ps 88:16; —terror, dread (mostly poet.), inspired by י׳ Ex 15:16 (song in E ‖ פַּחַד ךָ) 23:27 (E) Dt 32:25, Jb 9:34, 13:21 cf. 33:7; 20:25, Ps 88:16 (‖חֲרוֹנִים , בִּעוּתִים v:17); cf. Gn 15:2 אֵימָה חֲשֵׁכָה גְדוֹלָה; occasioned by enemies Jos 2:9, Is 33:18, Ezr 3:3; by king Pr 20:2; cf. Ps 55:5 אֵימוֹת מָוֶת (‖יִרְאָה , רַעַד, פַּלָּחוּת v:6); pred. of snorting of a war-horse Jb 39:20, of teeth of crocodile Jb 41:6; pl. fig. = idols (i.e. dreadful, shocking things) Je 50:38 (‖פּסלים ).

34

אֵימִים n.pr.m.pl. Emim (terrors) ancient inhab. of Moab Gn 14:5 (הָאֵימִים); Dt 2:10 (הָאֵמ׳); v:11 (אֵמ׳).

I. [אַ֫יִן], מֵיִַ֫ן whence? v. sub אַי p. 32

II. אַ֫יִן, אָָ֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought (Moab. אן, As. iânu).

1.Is 40:23 הַנּוֹהֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאָָיִן who bringeth princes to nothing;כְּאַיִן as nothing, ib. 40:17, 41:11, 41:12, Hg 2:3, Ps 39:6; almost (‖כִּמְעַט) Ps 73:2; † מֵאַיִן of nothing Is 41:24.

2. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negations, is not, are not, was not, were not, etc. (corresp. to the affirm. יֵשׁ q.v. Similar in usage, though not etym. akin, are لَيْسَ, לַיִת, ܠܰܝܬ, 0albo:, prop. ‘there is nought of …’ sq. a subst. or a pron. suffix (אֵינֶנִּי [verbal form, Ges:§ 100, 5; 152, 1 c], אֵינְךָ, אֵינֵךְ, אֵינֶנּוּ, אֵינֶנָּה, אֵינְכֶם, אֵינָם, also Ps 59:14 אֵינֵ֫מוֹ, 73:5 אֵינֵ֫ימוֹ): twice abnormally, in late Heb., a nom. אֵין אֲנִי, אֵין אֲנַחְנוּ Ne 4:17 (so sts. לַיִת, ܠܰܝܬ, Nö:M. p. 295); once, incorrectly, את Hg 2:17. a. denying existence absolutely Is 44:6, 47:10 אֵין רֹאָנִי there is none that seeth me, lit. nought of one seeing me! אֵין עוֹד there is none else Dt 4:39, 1 K 8:60, Is 45:5, 45:6, 45:18, 45:22. b. more commonly, in a limited sense, there is none here or at hand Ex 2:12 and he saw כִּי־אֵין אִישׁ that there was no man (sc. there), Nu 21:5; Gn 5:24 וְאֵינֶנּוּ and he was not (of Enoch's disappearance from earth) 42:13 one (cas. pend. as oft.), he is not, v:36; oft. = is (or has) vanished Gn 37:30, 1 K 20:40, Is 17:14, Ps 37:10, 103:16, Jb 8:22, 24:24, 27:19. c. with the sense determined by a predic. following: Gn 37:29 Joseph was not in the pit, 41:39 + oft.; Ex 5:10 אֵינֶנִּי נֹתֵן לָכֶם תֶּבֶן I am not giving you straw; and so often with particip. where duration has to be expressed Gn 39:23, Dt 21:18, Is 1:15, Je 7:16, or intention Gn 20:7 אֵינְךָ מֵשִׁיב דַּע ֖ אִם if thou art not restoring her, know 43:5, Ex 8:17, 33:15 (idiomatically, after אם; v. Dr:§ 137) Ju 12:3. Foll. once pleon. by יֵשׁ Ps 135:17. Treated as a mere part. of negation, אֵין may vary its position in the sentence, the subst. which should strictly stand in the genitive being not only separated from it by a little word, as בּוֹ Gn 37:24, לוֹ Ex 22:1, שָׁם Ex 12:30, גַּם Ps 14:3, etc., but even for emphasis prefixed to it, as Gn 19:31, 40:8 וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֹ 41:15, Ex 5:16, Ju 13:9, 14:6, 16:15, 19:1 (so MI:24): if however it be thus brought to the end of a sentence, or be disconnected with what follows, it stands in the absol. form, as Gn 2:5 ואדם אַיִן לעבד האדמה and man there was none to till the ground, Lv 26:37 וְרֹדֵף אָָיִן Nu 20:5, 2 K 19:3, Ho 13:4, Mi 7:2. d. sometimes the subj. has to be supplied from the context: thus (α) † 1 S 9:4 and they passed through the land of Shaalim וָאַיִן and they (the asses) were not (lit. and nought!), esp. after vbs. of waiting or seeking Is 59:11, Ps 69:21, Jb 3:9; Is 41:17, . Ez 7:25, Pr 14:6; 13:4; 20:4. (β) † Ex 17:7 is י׳ in the midst of us :אִם־אָֽיִן or not ? Nu 13:20. (γ) † Ju 4:20 :וְאָמַרְתְּ אָֽיִן then thou shalt say, There is not, 1 K 18:10, 1 S 10:14. (δ) Gn 30:1 give me children, וְאִם־אַיִן and if not, I die, Ex 32:32, Ju 9:15, 9:20, 2 S 17:6 (v. Dr) 2 K 2:10, Jb 33:33. e. with subj. not expressed, once (late), Dn 8:5 וְאֵין נֹגֵעַ בָּאָרֶץ and (it) was not touching the earth. f. once, Jb 35:15 with the finite vb.; but rd. here כִּי אֵין פֹּקֵד (the usage of لَيْسَ, cited by De, does not justify the anomaly in Heb.) Je 38:5 the impf. may be due to the fact that no ptcp. of יָכֹל was in use, and a relat. must be tacitly supplied: ‘The king is not (one that) can do aught against you.’ On Ex 3:2 see Ges:§ 52, 2 R. 6; Ew:§ 169 d.

3. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to…=…have, has, had, etc. not: Gn 11:30 אֵין לָהּ וָלָד she had no child, Nu 27:9 וְאִם־אֵין לוֹ בַּת and if he have no daughter + oft.; with a ptcp. Dt 22:27, Je 14:16, 30:17, 49:5, 50:32, Ps 142:5, La 1:2, 1:9, 1:17; Ex 22:2 אִם־אֵין לוֹ if he have nought, Dn 9:26 ואין לו and have nought (or none).

4. in circumst. clauses (Dr:§ 164):—(a) Ex 21:11 she shall go out free אֵין כָָּסֶף without money, 22:9 אֵין רֹאֶה none seeing it, Nu 11:6, Is 47:1, Je 2:32, Ho 3:4, 7:11, Ps 32:9, 88:5 + . (b) Dt 32:4 a God of faithfulness וְאֵין עָוֶל and no iniquity, i.e. without iniquity, Je 5:21, Jo 1:6, Ps 104:25. (c) very oft., in such phrases as וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד with none to affright Lv 26:6 (12 t.); וְאֵין מְכַבֶּה Is 1:31 al.; וְאֵין מַצִּיל 5:29, Ps 7:3, etc. (Dr:§ 159).

5. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to…: i.e. (a) like οὐκ ἔστιν, it is not possible to…(cf. sub יֵשׁ and לאֹ), but hardly exc. in late Heb.; 2 Ch 20:6 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לְהִתְיַצֵּב it is not possible to stand (in conflict) with thee, 22:9, Ezr 9:15, Ec 3:14, Est 4:2. Once without ל, Ps 40:6 אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלָיךָ οὐκ ἔστι παραβάλλειν σοι. (β) there is no need to…1 Ch 23:26 וְגַם לַלְוִיִּם אֵין־לָשֵׂאת for the Levites also there was no need to bear 2 Ch 5:11, 35:15 (v. Dr§ 202. 1).

6. with prefixes :—a.בְּאֵין prop. in defect of:(a) for want of, withoutPr 5:23 HE will die בְּאֵין מוּסָר for lack of instruction, 11:14 בְּאֵין תַּחְבֻּלוֹת without guidance, 14:4, 15:22, 26:20, 29:18, Is 57:1, Ez 38:11; cf. בְּלאֹ. (β) of time = when there was (were) not Pr 8:24, 8:24. b.כְּאֵין Is 59:10 כְּאֵין עֵינַיִם poet. for כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ עֵינַיִם (cf. Ew:§ 286 g Ges:§ 152. 1 h). c.לְאֵין (α) for לַאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ Is 40:29; in late prose 2 Ch 14:10, Ne 8:10. (β) in the condition of not… (ל of state, v. sub ל) = without or so that not… (peculiar to Ch), 1 Ch 22:4 cedar trees לְאֵין מִסְפָּר without number, 2 Ch 14:12 and there fell of the Cushites לְאֵין־לָהֶם מִחְיָה so that they had none remaining alive, 20:25 לְאֵין מַשָּׂא so that there was no carrying away, 21:18, Ezr 9:14. (γ) עַד־לְאֵין (see עַד ל׳), 2 Ch 36:16 until there was no remedy (cf. …עַד אֵין Ps 40:13, Jb 5:9). d. מֵאֵין (a) (מִן causal) from lack of… Is 50:2, Je 7:32, 19:11. (β) (מִן negative, v. מִן) prop. away from there being no… (with אֵין pleon., cf. מִבְּלִי, and מִבְּלִי אֵין), i.e. so that not… , without, mostly epexegetical of some term expressing desolation: Is 5:9 Surely many houses shall be desolate מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב without inhabitant, 6:11+ oft. Je & Zp; Is 6:11 מֵאֵין אָדָם, Je 32:43 מֵאֵין אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה 33:10, 33:12, Ez 33:28; La 3:49. Once sq. inf. Mal 2:13 so that there is no regarding more. (γ) in Je 10:6, 10:7 מֵאֵין כָּמוֹךָ, מֵאֵין is supposed by some to = a strengthened אֵין, even none, none at all; but it is difficult to justify this expl. logically; and it is preferable to point מֵאַיִן כָּמוֹךָ whence is any like thee? cf. 30:7. (So Hi: v. Dr:Hbr. ii. 34–7.)

35

אִין 1 S 21:9 …וְאִין יֵשׁ prob. irreg. for ) אֵין (so Ki Ges Ew:§ 213 e, 286 h O1:640 Sta:§ 194 c) with יֵשׁ pleon. (as Ps 135:17); > dialect. = Aram. ܐܺܢ, אִין num ? (De, but v. Dr:Sm ad loc.)

אֵיפָה:35, אֵפָה n.f. ephah (etym. dub., LXX. οιφι etc., cf. Copt. ôipi, Thes Lag:Or. ii. 2 & cit.)—א׳ Nu 5:15 +; אֵפָה Ex 16:36 +; cstr. אֵיפַת Lv 19:36 +;—ephah, a grain-measure.

1. a certain quantity of wheat, barley, etc. = ten omers (עֹמֶר) Ex 16:36 (cf. in measure of offerings Lv 5:11, 6:13, Nu 5:15, 28:5, all עֲשִׂירִית הָא׳; = 1/10 chomer (חֹמֶר) Ez 45:11 (= bath, בַּת, liqu. meas. q.v.) cf. Is 5:10; chiefly of offerings, v. supr. & 1 S 1:24, Ez 45:13, 45:13, 45:24, 45:24, 45:24, 46:5, 46:5, 46:7, 46:7, 46:7, 46:11, 46:11, 46:11, 46:14; cf. Ju 6:19, but also of food 1 S 17:17 cf. Ru 2:l7 & Is 5:10 supr.

2. receptacle or measure, holding an ephah, in proph. vision Zc 5:6, 5:7, 5:8, 5:9, 5:10; just measure אֵיפַת־חֶדֶק Lv 19:36 (‖מאֹזְנֵי־ח׳, אַבְנֵי־ח׳, הִֶין ח׳) cf. Ez 45:10, 45:11; אֵיפָה שׁלֵמָה וָח׳ Dt 25:15 (‖וָח׳ אֶבֶן שׁ׳); of unjust measure אֵיפָה וְאֵיפָה Dt 25:14 Pr 20:10; הַקְטִין א׳ Am 8:5; אֵיפַת רָווֹן Mi 6:10. (On the actual size of ephah, cf. בַּת).

אֵיפֹה v. sub אַי. P.33

אישׁ, אושׁ (Stem assumed in Thes for אִישׁ; existence & mng. somewhat dub. Thes (Add) & most derive אִישׁ fr. [אִנְשְׁ] √ אנשׁ (q. v.) In favour are pl. אֲנָשִׁים, fem. אִשָּׁה = [אִנְשָׁה], lack of proven √ אישׁ, & lack of clear parallels for אישׁ in cogn. lang. Against the deriv. of אִישׁ fr. insû is the vocalization (יִ, and that fully written, not —ֵ), maintained even with suff., the (rare) pl. אִישִׁים, the impossibility of deriving אִישׁ & אִשָּׁה from same √ (אִשָּׁה fr. انش), the existence of אֱנוֹשׁ as parallel form, and the (exceptional) parallel Aram. איש (Inscr. of Carpentras), also Ar. إِيسَانُ (cf. Frey) ‖ إِنْسُ; MI, SI, Ph. אש are not decisive; Sab. has both אסם & אנסם; the former app. = אִישׁ, the latter אֱנוֹשׁ; but on former cf. DHM:ZK 1884, 360 & Sab. Denkm.:37. On the whole, probability seems to favour √ אישׁ; Thes gave mng. be strong; Dl:HA 9, Pr 161 comp. As. isûanu, strong (cf. Dl:w. p. 244), & n.pr. יְהוֹאָשׁ; cf. also Prät:LOPh. Feb. 1884; otherwise DHM:l. e. & ZMG 1883, 330 & esp. Nö:ZMG 1886, 739 Lag:BN 68; cf. also Wetzst in De:Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888 al. v. also אנשׁ, אֱנוֹשׁ).

אִישׁ:2166 n.m. man ( = vir) (MI, SI, Ph. אש, perh. also Sab. אסם cf. Prät:l.c, but DHM:ZMG 1883, 330)—א׳ abs. Gn 2:23 +; cstr. Gn 25:27 +; sf. אִישִׁי Gn 29:32 +, etc.; pl. אִישִׁים Ps 141:4 + 2 t. (Ph. אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Gn 12:20 +, fr. √ אנשׁ q.v.; cstr. אַנְשֵׁי Ju 6:27 +; sf. אֲנָשַׁי 1 S 23:12 etc.;—man, opp. woman Gn 2:23, 2:24, Lv 20:27, Nu 5:6, Dt 17:2 f, Jos 6:21, 8:25, Je 40:7, emph. on sexual distinction & relation Gn 19:8, 24:16, 38:25, Ex 22:15, Lv 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַָע) v:18 (וְאִשָּׁה ־ז׳אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שׁ׳) 20:10 f, Nu 5:13 f, Dt 22:22 f, Is 4:1 +; thence = husband, esp. c. sf. Gn 3:6, 3:16, 16:3, 29:32, 29:34, Lv 21:7, Nu 30:7 f, Dt 28:56, Ju 13:8 f, Ru 1:3 f, 1 S 25:19, Je 29:6, Ez 16:45 +; fig. of י׳ as husb. of Isr. אִישִׁי Ho 2:18 (opp. בַּעְלִּי); man as procreator, father Ec 6:3; of male child Gn 4:l cf. זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1 S 1:11; man, opp. beast Ex 11:7 Lv 20:15 (cf. אָדָם); cf. fig. Ps 22:7 but also of male of animals Gn 7:2, 7:2 (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ); man, opp. God Gn 32:29, Nu 23:19 לאֹ אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב (‖וּבֶן־אָדָם וְיִתְנֶאָחָָם); Jb 9:32, 32:13, Ho 11:9 cf. Is 31:8, Jb 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר אִישׁ); hence in phrases to denote ordinary, customary, common שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2 S 7:14 (‖נִגְעֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם); לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ez 24:17, 24:22 (cf. Is 8:1); אַמַּת־אִישׁ Dt 3:1l; but also contr. אָדָם Ps 49:3, 62:10; man, as valiant 1 S 4:9, 4:9 (וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים) so 1 K 2:2 cf. 1 S 26:15; so אִישׁ חַיִל 31:12, 2 S 24:9, 1 K 1:42 +; also אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Nu 31:49 Dt 2:14, 2:16, Jos 5:4, 5:6 +; even of י׳ Ex 15:3 יהוה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה; oft. prefixed to other nouns in app. אָדוֹן א׳ Gn 42:30, 42:33, שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט א׳ Ex 2:14, בֹּהֵן א׳ Lv 21:9, סָרִיס א׳ Je 38:7; partic. bef. adj. gent. אִישׁ מִחְרִי Gn 39:1, Ex 2:11, 2:19 cf. Gn 37:28, 38:1, 38:2, 39:14, 1 S 17:12, 30:11, 30:13 +; a man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people Nu 25:6, Ju 10:1 + (so Ph.); usually pl. אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 S 7:11, 31:7, 31:7 cf. Jos 7:4, 7:5 +; also sg.coll. Dt 27:14, Jos 9:6, 9:7, Ju 20:11, 1 S 11:8 (v. Dr) +; 2 S 10:6, 10:8 (טוֹב א׳); (so MI:10, MI:13); men = retainers, followers, soldiers 1 S 18:27, 23:3 f, 24:3, 25:13 + cf. Dt 33:8 sg. coll. v. Di; אִישׁ אֱלֽהִים man of God = proph. Dt 33:l, Jos 14:6, 1 S 9:6 f, 1 K 12:13 f + (v. אלהים); in phrase sq. abstr. אִישׁ חַיִל, מִלְחָמָה א׳ v. supr.; שֵׂיבָה א׳ Dt 32:25, הַדָּמִים א׳ 2 S 16:7 cf. v. 8, הַבְּלִיַּעַל א׳ 2 S 16:7, מָוֶת א׳ 1 K 2:26, חָמָס א׳ Ps 140:12, Pr 3:31 +; sq. word of occupation, etc. שָׂדֶהא׳ Gn 25:27, הָאֲדָמָהא׳ Gn 9:20 (cf. Zc 13:5), א׳ הַבֵּנַיִם champion 1 S 17:4 (cf. Dr) v:23, בְּשׂרָה א׳ 2 S 18:20, אִישׁ עֲחָתוֹ his counsellor Is 40:13, cf. אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42, רֵעִים א׳ Pr 18:24; oft. distrib. = each, every Gn 9:5, 10:5, 40:5, 40:5, Ex 12:3 +; incl. women Jb 42:11, 1 Ch 16:3 וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְאִישׁ כִּכַּר־לֶחֶם; of inanim. things 1 K 7:30, 7:36; also אִישׁ אִישׁ Ex 36:4, Nu 4:19, 4:49, Ez 14:4, 14:7 +; any one Ex 34:3, 34:3, 34:24 +; also אִישׁ אִישׁ Lv 15:2, 22:4, 22:18 +; of gods 2 K 18:33 = Is 36:18; one...another וְהִרְגוּ אִישׁ־ אֶת־אָחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶת־קְרֹבוֹEx 32:27, …אִישׁ אָחִיו Dt 1:16, Mi 7:2 (v. אָח), רֵעֵהוּ…אִישׁ Gn 11:3, 11:7 + (v. רֵעַ) of inanimate things Gn 15:10.

36

אִישׁ־בּ֫שֶׁת n.pr.m. Ishbosheth (for אִישׁ בַּעַל man of Baal v. בּשֶׁת, בַּעַל & Di:ή βααλ MBAk, June 1881)

1. son of Saul, & king of Isr., with David as rival 2 S 2:8, 2:10, 2:12, 2:15, 3:8, 3:14, 3:15, 4:5, 4:8, 4:8, 4:12, also v:1; v:2 LXX Dr cf. We; = אֶשְׁבָָּעַל 1 Ch 8:33, 9:39; cf. also

2. 2 S 23:8, where rd. אשׁבשׁת for ישׁב בשׁבת so LXX We Dr; one of Dvd's heroes; v. יָשָׁבְעָם 1 Ch 11:11, 27:2.

אִישׁ הוֹד n.pr.m. (man of majesty) a man of Manasseh 1 Ch 7:l8

אִישׁוֹן n.[m.] pupil of eye (cf. Dl:HA 9 Prät:LoPh, Feb. 1884, but also Ar. إِنسَانُ العَيْنِ, & Nö:ZMG 1886, 739)—א׳ all cstr.—עַיִן א׳ Dt 32:10, Pr 7:2; בַּת־עַיִן א׳ Ps 17:8 (in all, sim. of preciousness); = middle, midst of night לַיְלָה וַאֲפֵלָה בְּא׳ Pr 7:9; חשֶׁח בְּא׳ 20:20 Kt i.e. in deep darkness (Qr בֶּאֱשׁוּן v. Now).

אִישַׁי v. יִשַׁי. p.445

אִיתוֹן Ez 40:15 Qr v. אתיון sub אתה. p.87

אִיתַי, אִרתִיאֵל v. אֵת with.. p.87

אִיתָמָר v. אִי sub I. אוה. p. 16

אֵיתָן, אֵתָן v. אֵתָן. p. 450

אַךְ:159 adv. (perh. from the same demonstr, root found also in כִּי, כֹּה, כֵּן).

1. surely.

2. with a restrictive force, emphasizing what follows: a. in contrast to what precedes, howbeit; b. in contrast with other ideas generally, only 1. asseverative, often introducing with emphasis the expression of a truth (or supposed truth) newly perceived, esp. in colloquial language, surely, no doubt (doch wohl); Gn 26:9 אַךְ הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ הִוא of a surety, lo, she is thy wife ! 29:14, 44:28, Ju 3:24, 20:39, 1 S 16:6 surely the anointed of י׳ is before him ! 25:21, Je 5:4, Ps 58:12, 73:1, 73:13; but also in other cases, though rarely, Is 34:14, 34:15, Zp 3:7, Ps 23:6, 139:11, 140:14, Jb 16:7, 18:21; & rather singularly Ex 12:15, 31:13, Lv 23:27, 23:39 (all P). 2. restrictive: a. in contrast to what precedes, howbeit, yet, but : Gn 9:4 howbeit, flesh with the life thereof…ye shall not eat, 20:12, Ex 21:21, Lv 21:23, 27:26, Nu 18:15, 18:17, 2 S 3:13; Je 10:24 correct me, אַךְ בְּמִשְׁפָּט but with judgment, Jb 2:6, 13:15; sts. with an advers. force, as Is 14:15 43:24; before an imper. (minimizing the request), Gn 23:13 only, if thou wilt, I pray thee, hear me ! 27:13, Ju 10:15, 1 S 18:17, 1 K 17:13 al. So 1 S 8:9 אַךְ כִּי (v. כִּי; and cf. πλὴν ὅτι). b. in contrast to other ideas generally :—(α) Gn 7:23, 18:32 אַךְ הַפַּעַם only this once (so Ex 10:17 al.) 34:15, Ex 12:16 (note accents), 1 S 18:8 וְעוֹד לוֹ אַךְ תַמְּלוּכָה and there yet remains for him only the kingdom, 21:5, Isa 45:14 אַךָ בְּךָ אֵל only in thee is God! Ps 62:2 etc. Jb 14:22; Ps 37:8 fret not thyself אַךְ לְהָרֵעַ (which leadeth) only to do evil, Pr 11:24 he that withholdeth more than is meet אַךְ לְמַחְסוֹר (tendeth) only to penury, 14:23, 21:5, 22:16; (β) attaching itself closely to the foll. word (usually an adj., rarely a verb), only, i.e. exclusively, altogether, utterly Dt 16:15 and thou shalt be אַךְ שָׂמֵחַ altogether rejoicing, 28:29 (cf. v:33 רַק) Isa 16:7 אַךְ נְכָאִים utterly stricken, 19:11, Je 16:19 nought but lies, 32:30, Ho 12:12, Jb 19:13 אַךְ זָרוּ are wholly estranged (with play on אַכְזָר cruel). c. as an adv. of time (with inf. abs.), twice: Gn 27:30 וְעֵשָׂו בָּא…אַךְ יָחאֹ יָחָא יַעֲקֹב only just (or scarcely) had Jacob gone out,…and (= when) Esau came in, Ju 7:19.—וְאַח thrice : Gn 9:5 and only (second limitation of v:3); Nu 22:20 but only; Jos 22:19 but howbeit.

Note.—In some passages the affirmative and restrictive senses agree equally with the context; and authorities read the Hebrew differently. Thus only = nought but, altogether, is adopted by Ges Ew Hi De in Ps 23:6, 62:10, 73:1, 73:13; by Ew Hi De in 39:6, 39:7 (Che surely); by Ges Ew De in 39:12 (but Hi Che surely); by Ew Hi in 73:18 (De Che surely); by Ges Hi De in 139:11 (Ew doch). Isa 45:14 Ges Ew Hi Di only; but De Che of a truth.

37

אַכַּד n.pr.loc. Akkad Gn 10:10 וַתְּהִי רֵאשִׁית :וְכַלְנֶה בְּאֶרֶץ שִׁנְעָֽר מַמְלַכְתּוֹ בָּבֶל וְאֶרֶח וְא׳; name of a city in Northern (?) Babylonia; = Bab. Akkadi, mostly name of land or district, but also of city, v. Hilpr.:Freibrief Neb. I, col. ii, 1. 50; location uncertain; on possible identif. or confusion with Agade (A gate, A gane ?), city of Sargon I, cf. Dl:Pa 198 & K 19 f. COT Gn 10:10 Tiele:Gesch. i. 76 f.

אַכְזָב, אַכְזִיב v. כזב. p. 469

אַכְזָר, אַכְזָרִי, אַכְזְרִיּוּת v. כזר. p. 470

אָכִישׁ n.pr.m. king of Gath 1 S 21:11, 21:12, 21:13, 21:15 + 15 t. 1 S 27–29 + 1 K 2:39, 2:40 (perh. cf. ܐܰܟܬܳܐ anger).

אָכַל:806 vb. eat (Ar. أَكَلَ, As. akâlu Dl:W, Aram. אֲבַל, ܐܶܟܰܠ)—Qal Pf. אָכַל Ex 34:28 + ; אָֽכְלָה Nu 21:28 + ; etc. Impf. יאֹבַל Gn 49:27 + ; וַיּאֹ֫כַל Gn 25:34 + ; וַיּאֹכַָל Gn 3:6 + ; יאֹכֵָל Lv 21:22 + ; אֹכַל Gn 24:33 + ; וָֽאֹכַ֫ל 27:33; וְאֹכֵָל Is 44:19; וָֽאֹבֵל Gn 3:12, 3:13; 3 pl. יאֹבְלוּ Gn 32:33 + ; יאֹכֵָלוּ Dt 18:18 + ; etc. (for יוֹכְלוּ Ez 42:5 rd. יוחלו, יאחלו LXX Ew Co); sf. יאֹכְלָנּוּ Lv 7:6 + ; תּאֹבַלְכֶם Is 33:11, etc., prob. also תְּאָכְלֵהוּ Jb 20:26, either as secondary form fr. תּאֹ׳ (Ew:§ 253 Di) or text. error (Ges:§ 68. l) > Pi., Thes Kö:I, 389; or Poï‘el, Ki De MV; Imv. אֱכוֹל 1 K 18:41 +, etc.; Inf. abs. אָכוֹל Gn 2:16 + ; cstr. אֲכֹל Nu 26:10 + 2 t.; לֶאֱכֹל Gn 24:33 + ; לְאָכְלָה Je 12:9; Pt. אֹכֵל (אוֹכֵל) Gn 39:6 + , אֹכֶלָת Ex 24:17 +, etc.—

1. eat, human subject Gn 3:11, 3:18 + oft.; mostly c. acc. Ex 16:35 + ; also sq. מִן־ (eat of,—some of,—or from) Ex 34:15, Ru 2:14 + ; sq. בְּ (eat of or at) Ex 12:43 f; abs. Dt 2:6 + ; as act of worship Gn 31:54 (cf. 46:1) Ex 18:12, 24:11, 34:15, Dt 12:7, 12:18, 14:23, 14:26 + ; cf. of priests Ex 29:32, Lv 10:13 + ; cf. אָבַל אֶל־הֶהָרִים Ez 18:6, 18:11, 18:15, 22:9 + 33:25 עַל־הַדָּם Co עַל־הֶהָרִים; (but RS:Rel. Sem. i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Gn 43:2 (c. בלה) 1 K 13:28 + ; אָבַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Gn 43:25, Ex 2:20, 1 S 20:24, Je 41:1 + ; so א׳ alone Gn 43:16, 1 S 20:5 + ; לֶחֶם א׳ = eat, get food Gn 3:19, 2 K 4:8 + ; Am 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) cf. Ec 5:16; ל׳ לאֹ א׳ i.e. fast 1 S 28:20, 30:12, Ezr 10:6 cf. Dn 10:3; fig. אֶת־בְּשָׂרוֹ א׳ Ec 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Je 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Pr 30:20 :אָֽכְלָה וּמָֽחֲתָה פִָּיהָ וְאָֽמְרָה לאֹ־ פָעַלְתּי אָֽוֶן; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֹב א׳ Jb 21:25; לְפִּי אָבְלוֹ according to his eating, i.e. acc. to his needs in eating Ex 12:4, 16:16, 16:18 also v:21; cf. Jb 20:21 & sub אָבְלָה; אָכַל הַפְּרִי 2 K 19:29, Am 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; fig. of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Pr 1:31, 18:21, Ho 10:13 cf. וַיּאֹכַל גַּם־אָכוֹל אֶת־כַּסְפֵּנוּ Gn 31:15 i.e. he has reaped al1 the benefit, cf. Ho 7:9; fig. of mourner, אֵפֶר כַּלָּחֶם אָכָָלְתִּי Ps 102:10 (cf. 80:6 Hiph., & As. akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not., weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt:ASKT 166 f. Obv. 1. 21, 22 Zim:BP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Dt 32:38; fig. = destroy Dt 7:16 (cf. Nu 14:9) ; cf. Je 10:25, 30:16, 50:7, Ho 7:7.

2. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; Gn 37:20, 37:33, 40:17, 40:19, 1 K 13:28, 14:11, 16:4, 21:23, 21:24, Ho 2:14 + ; specif. of locusts Jo 1:4, 2:25, 2 Ch 7:13 cf. Am 4:9; moth Jb 13:28; flies Ps 78:45; worms Dt 28:39; also Ez 19:3, 19:6 (of Isr. under fig. of lion), cf. Je 50:7, 50:17, 51:34; also Ho 13:8 (of י׳ under fig, of lion), Ez 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אָכָָלוּ, of false proph. under fig. of lion).

3. fig. of fire, devour, consume Lv 6:3 (sq. 2 acc. consume offering to ashes) Na 3:13, Is 5:24 (in sim.), partic. of fire fr. י׳ Lv 10:2, 16:25, Ju 9:15 f, 1 K 18:38, 2 K 1:10, 1:12, 1:14, 2 Ch 7:1; cf. Am. 1:4, 1:7, 1:10, 1:12, 1:14, 2:2, 2:5, 5:6 + ; Dt 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of י׳ as fire (in judgment) Dt 4:24 אֱלֽהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא כִּי י׳; cf. Dt 9:3, Is 10:17 (‖בּער) 30:27, 30:30, 33:14 (‖מוֹקְדֵי עוֹלָם).

4. of sword, devour, slay Dt 32:42, 2 S 22:26, 11:25, 18:8, Ho 11:6, Je 2:30, 12:12; cf. of devastation of land Is 1:7, Je 8:16.

5. in genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanim. subj.) of drought Gn 31:40; of pestilence Ez 7:15; of forest 2 S 18:8; cf. Lv 26:38 וְאָֽכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבּשֶׁת Je 3:24 (v. בּשֶׁת).

6. fig. of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Pr 30:14, Hb 3:14 cf. Ps 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶת־בְּשָׂרִי Ps 27:2. (cf. Jb 19:22). † Niph. Pf. וְנֶאֱבַל cons. Ex 22:5 Impf. יֵאָכֵל Gn 6:21 + ; וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל Nu 12:12, etc.; Inf. abs. הֵאָבֹל Lv 7:18, 19:7; Pt. f. נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת Lv 11:47; —1. be eaten by man Ex 12:46, 13:3, 13:7, 21:28, 29:34, Lv 6:9, 6:16, 6:19, 6:23, 7:6, 7:15, 7:16, 7:16, 7:18, 11:41, 19:6, 19:7, 19:23, 22:30, not found28:17, Ez 45:21; of custom, usage Gn 6:21, Ex 12:16, Dt 12:22, Jb 6:6; of permission to eat Lv 7:19, 11:13, 11:34, 11:47, 11:47, 17:13; c. neg. be uneatable Je 24:2, 24:3, 24:8, 29:17. 2. be devoured by fire, consumed Zp 1:18, 3:8, Zc 9:4, Ez 23:25. 3. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh Nu 12:12, Je 30:16. Pu. Pf. אֻכְּלוּ be consumed with fire Ne 2:3, 2:13 cf. Na 1:10 (fig.); so Pt. אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל Ew:§ 169 d) Ex 3:2; by sword Is 1:20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ. † Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. sf. הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Ps 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י Is 49:26; sf. וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ cons. Is 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיח Ez 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים cons. Je 19:9; Impf. sf. יַאֲכִלֵנוּ Nu 11:4, 11:18, etc.; 2 ms. js. תַּאֲכֵל; 1 S. אוֹכִיל Ho 11:4; Imv. הַאֲכִילֵהוּ Pr 25:21, etc.; Inf. לְהָכִיל Ez 21:33 (but Co לההל, q.v.); Pt. מַאֲבִיל Je 23:15, etc.;—1. cause to eat, feed with, sq. 2 acc. subj. mostly י׳; Ex 16:32, Dt 8:3, 8:16, Ez 3:2, Je 19:9; abs. Ho 11:4; cf. Nu 11:4, 11:18; fig. Je 9:14, 23:15, Is 49:26, 58:14, Ez 16:19; also Ps 80:6 הֶאֱבַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָָה (cf. 102:10 Qal supr.); sq. acc. pers. + מן Ps 81:17, but also subj. man Pr 25:21, 1 K 22:27, 2 Ch 18:26 וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לָחֶם לַ֫חַץ of prison fare ; sq. acc. pers. only 2 Ch 28:15, cf. Ez 2:3. 2. cause to devour, obj. sword Ez 21:33 (but on text vid. Co).

38

אֹ֫כֶל:40 n.m.:Gn 41:36 food (Ar. أُكْلُ, Aram. אוּכְלָא, ܐܽܟܠܳܐ, As. akalu Dl:w, Eth.0akl:)—א׳ abs. Gn 41:35 + ; cstr. Gn 41:35, 41:48; sf. אָכְלֶָךָ Lv 25:37; אָכְלו Mal 1:12, etc.;—Hex mostly JED, not Ez.—food, food-supply, esp. cereals of store in Egypt Gn 41:35, 41:35 + 12 t. Gn 41–44; 47:24 cf. 14:11(JE); also Lv 11:34, 25:37 (P) Dt 2:6, 2:28 (D); נֶשֶׁךְ א׳ usury of food Dt 23:20 (D) (‖כֶּסֶף נ׳, etc.); לְעֵת הָאֹבֶל at meal-time Ru 2:14; † poet. 17 t.;—food Ps 107:18; of offerings Mal 1:12; partic. food Jb 12:11 (as tasted); 36:31 (as given by God) so Ps 145:15; לְהָשִׁיב נָפֶָשׁ א׳ La 1:11 cf. v:19; esp. cereals Pr 13:23, Jo 1:16, Hb 3:17; but also flesh Ps 78:18, 78:30; of food (prey) of wild animals Ps 104:21 (‖טרף):27; of prey of eagles Jb 9:26, 39:29; ravens 38:41.

אָכְלָה:17 n.f. food, eating (with some verbal force, cf. Dr:JPh xi. 217) only P, & Ez ; always לְאָכְלָה,

1. esp. in phr. like לָכֶם יִהְיֶה לְאָ׳ Gn 1:29, 6:21, 9:3, Lv 11:39; so 25:6 וְהָיְתָה שַׁבַּת הָאָרֶץ לָכֶם לְאָבְלָה cf. נָתַן לְא׳ Gn 1:30, Ex 16:15.

2. devouring, by wild beasts, only fig. of ravaged people Ez 29:5, 34:5, 34:8, 34:10, 39:4, cf. 35:12.

3. consumimg, in fire Ez 15:4, 15:6, of fire-sacrifice of children 23:37; fig. of judgment of י׳ Ez 21:37; (cf. also inf. of אָכַל).

וְאֻכַָל Pr 30:1 rd. וָאֵכֶל & v. כלה. p. 477

אֲכִילָה n.f. an eating, a meal 1 K 19:8 (on form v. Ba:NB 136).

מַאֲכָל:30 n.m.:Ju 14:14 (f. Hb 1:16) food—מ׳ Gn 2:9 + 21 t.; cstr. מַאֲכַל Gn 40:7 + 3 t.; sf. מַאֲכָֽלְךָ Ez 4:10; מַאֲכָלוֹ Hb 1:16; מַאֲכָלָהּ Pr 6:8; מַאֲכַלְכֶם Dn 1:10food, in genl. Gn 6:21, 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4, Hg 2:12; opp. drink Ezr 3:7, 2 Ch 11:11, Dn 1:10; מַאֲכַל תַּאֲוָה Jb 33:20; fig. of peoples as fishes, food for Chaldeans Hb 1:16; appl. to fruit Gn 2:9, 3:6 (of tree טוֹב לְמ׳) cf. עֵץ־מ׳ Lv 19:23, Dt 20:20, Ne 9:25, Ez 47:12, 47:12; appl. to דָּגָן Is 62:8; appl. to honey Ju 14:14; to flour 1 Ch 12:41 where appos. קֶמַח; to food of ants Pr 6:8 (‖לָחֶם); to baker's work Gn 40:17 cf. Ez 4:10; appl. to carcasses, as food for beasts & birds of prey Dt 28:26, Ps 79:2 cf. 44:12 (חאֹן מ׳, sim. of suffering people) Je 7:33, 16:4, 19:7, 34:20, Ps 74:14.

מַאֲכֶ֫לֶת n.f. knife (as cutting instrum., or instrument for dividing, making small, cf. S[iegfr.]:ThLZ Nov. 17. '88) Ju 19:29; מַאֲכֶָלֶת Gn 22:6, 22:10, pl. מַאֲכָלוֹת Pr 30:14.

מַאֲכֹּ֫לֶת n.f. fuel cstr., only אֵשׁ מַא׳ Is 9:4, 9:18.

מַכֹּ֫לֶת n.f. food-stuff, consisting in חִטִּים, 1 K 5:25 (on form v. Bö:§ 415 Sta:§ 112 a. 2).

אָכֵן (perh. from אַח; cf. Aram. דֵּח & דִּכֵּן) adv. with strong asseverative force: a. surely, truly, esp. at beginning of a speech (stronger & more decided than אַח) Gn 28:16, Ex 2:14, 1 S 15:32, Is 40:7, 45:15, Je 3:23, 3:23, 4:10, 8:8. In 1 K 11:2 אָבֵן stands unusually; and פֶּן־ (cf. LXX SyrVer Targum) should prob. be read (so Klo). b. emphasizing a contrast, but indeed, but in fact, esp. after אָמַרְתִּי I said or thought, expressing the reality, in opp. to what had been wrongly imagined, Is 49:4b (opp. to v:a) 53:4 (opp. to v:3 end) Je 3:20 (opp. to the expectation v:19 b) Zp 3:7 b, Ps 31:23 b (opp. to v:23a) 66:19, 82:7 (opp. to v:6) Jb 32:8 (opp. to v:7).

אָכַף vb. press, urge (Mish. id., Aram. ܐܶܟܰܦ be urgent, cf. ܐܽܟܦܳܐ, Ar. إِكَافُ saddle);—Qal Pf. Pr 16:26 עָלָיו פִָּיהוּ א׳ (‖נֶפֶשׁ עָמֵל עָֽמְלָה לוֹ) i.e. his hunger impels him to work.

† [אֶ֫כֶף] n.m. pressure, sf. אַכְפִּי Jb 33:7 (LXX al. rd. כַּפִּי cf. 13:21, but cf. Di).

אכר (Ar. أَكْرَ dig, till the ground).

אִכָּר n.m.:Jo 1:11 ploughman, husband-man (Ar. أَكَّارُ, Aram. ܐܰܟܳܪܳܐ, אִיבָּרָא, cf. Mish.) א׳ sg. abs. Je 51:23 (+ וְחִמְדּוֹ) Am 5:16; pl. אִכָּרִים Je 14:4, 31:24 (‖וְנָֽסְעוּ בָעֵדֶר) 2 Ch 26:10 (‖כֹּרְמִים) Jo 1:11 (‖ id.,), אִכָּרֵיכֶם Is 61:5 (‖ id.)

אַכְשָׁף v. כשׁף. p. 506

I. אַל (= أَلْ, Ar. article, preserved perh. in following words derived by Hebrews from (or through) Arabic-speaking tribes; cf. Eng. algebra, Alhambra, alkali, alcohol, alcove, etc.)

אֶלְגָּבִישׁ n.[m.] hail (= Ar. أَلْجِبسُّ gypsum; cf. sub גבשׁ) אַבְנֵי א׳ Ez 13:11, 13:13, 38:22.

אֲלְגּוּמִים n.[m.] pl. a tree (foreign & obscure) alw. with עֲחֵי, perh. sandal-wood:—2 Ch 2:7 עֲחֵי אֲרָזִים בְּרוֹשִׁים וְא׳ (fr.Lebanon); עֲחֵי אַ׳ 2 Ch 9:10 (‖אֶבֶן יְקָרָה; both fr. Ophir); cf. v:11, vid. foll.

אַלְמֻגִּים n.[m.]pl. id. עֲחֵי אַלְמֻגִּים 1 K 10:11, 10:12 (fr. Ophir); הָא׳ ע׳ 1 K 10:12.

אַלְמוֹדָד n.pr. of South-Arab. people (but prob. rd. אֵל (Sab., god) for אַל, cf. Di Gn 10:26, & Glas:Sk. ii. 280 God is loved (?)) Gn 10:26, 1 Ch 1:20.

39

אַלְקוּם band of soldiers (= Ar. أَلْقَومُ, people; so E. Castle, Thes etc., cf. Che:Job & Sol. 175; > text. error for אֱלֽהִים Hi cf. Now) Pr 30:31.

אֶלְתּוֹלַד n.pr.loc. (cf. תּוֹלַד sub ילד) city in southern Judah Jos 15:30, 19:4; cf. also תּוֹלָָד (q.v.) 1 Ch 4:29.

II. אַל adv. of negation (so Ph. e.g. CIS i.:3, 4.5.8, BAram., Sab. (DHM:ZMG 1875, 596), and in the Eth. 0albo: albo, is not), denying however, not objectively as a fact (like לאֹ οὐ), but subjectively as a wish (like μή), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition: a. (a) with a verb, which is then always an impf. (never an imperative), by preference in the cohort. or jussive mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number; Gn 15:1 and often אַל־תִּירָא fear not! 22:12 אַל־תִּשְׁלַח יָֽדְךָ put not forth thy hand, 37:27 וְיָדֵנוּ אַל־תְּהִי־בוֹ and let not our hand be upon him, 21:16 אַל־אֶרְאֶה let me not look upon the death of the lad! Ps 25:2 אַל־אֵבוֹשָׁה let me not be ashamed; with 1 pl. (rare) 2 S 13:25, Je 18:18, Jon 1:14. In an imprecation: Gn 49:4 אַל־תּוֹתַר have not thou the excellency! Ps 109:12, Jb 3:4, 3:6. Sometimes strengthened by נָא : Gn 13:8, 18:3 al. (b) without a verb, (α) 2 S 1:21 let (there be) not dew & not rain upon you! Is 62:6, Ps 83:1. (β) used absol., in deprecation Gn 19:18, 2 S 13:16 (v. sub אוֹדָה) 2 K 3:13, 4:16, 6:27 (v. RVm: but possibly to be expl. by Dr:§ 152 iii; so Th Ke: hardly as Ew:§ 355 b) Ru 1:13 אַל בְּנֹתַי Nay, my daughters, cf. Ju 19:23; (γ) after a preceding imper. Am 5:l4, Jo 2:13, Pr 8:10, a juss. 27:2, an inf. abs. 27:2. (χ) in poetry אַל sometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet (v. Dr:§ 56–8); Is 2:9 וְאַל־תִּשָּׂא לָהֶם and forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), Ps 41:3, Pr 3:25, Jb 5:22; Ps 34:6 (but LXX SyrVer Ew Che here rd. וּפְנֵיכֶם, prob. rightly); 50:3 a may our God come וְאַל־ יֶ֫חֱשָרשׁ and not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a spectator of the scene v:2, v:3 b-c) 121:3 (contrast v:4 לאֹ) Je 46:6 +. b. once Pr 12:28 joined closely to a subst. (cf. לאֹ 2 b) to express with emph. its negation: In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway therecf אַל־מָוֶת there is no-death! i.e. immortality. c. once Jb 24:25 used poet. as a subst., And bring my words לְאַל to nought!—N.B. 1 S 27:10 אַל־פְּשַׁטְתֶּם הַיּוֹם, אַל with the pf. is against all analogy; and either אֶל־מִי (with LXX. Vulgate), or better אָן whither? (with SyrVer Targum : v. 1 S 10:14) must be read.

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), poet. אֱלֵי (cf. עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job († 3:22, 5:26, 15:22, 29:19), with suff. אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֹ Ps 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Ex 1:19 (As. ilî, Ar. إِلَي), prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place Gn 2:19, 2:22, 3:19, 8:9, 14:22, 16:9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָחָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) Gn 21:14, 35:4, Dt 13:2 + ; מָכַר to sell 37:36, etc. Metaph. Je 2:19 וְלאֹ פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (cf. Jb 31:23).—Peculiarly Gn 6:16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaph. in the phrase גִּיל(אֱלֵי־)אֶל־ unto exultation † Ho 9:11, Jb 3:22. Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Jb 5:5 וְאֶל־מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Is 66:17, Je 41:7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to Nu 25:1, Ez 16:26, 16:28, 16:29; דָּרֵשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (sc. for oracles) Dt 18:11, Is 8:19, 11:10 + ; חָבַר אֶל join together (& come) unto Gn 14:3; הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to 19:27, 24:11 הִבְרִיח אֶל made to kneel down at; 47:18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3:5, Mi 7:17. Opp. is מִן, as מִן־הַקָּחֶה אֶל־הַקָּחֶה from end to end Ex 26:28; מִפֶּה אֶל־פֶּה Ezr 9:11 (syn. 2 K 21:16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶל־עֵת1 Ch 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֶל־יוֹםNu 30:15 (P) 1 Ch 16:23 (in the ‖ Ps 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, Gn 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark 7:1, 19:3, 41:21, 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶל־בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Ex 28:30 (Lv 8:8) Dt 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Gn 23:19, 25:9, 49:29; שָׂחַט to squeeze 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Nu 5:23, etc.; metaph. Gn 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶל־לֵב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring. into ( = lay to) heart Dt 4:39, 2 S 19:20 al. In connexion with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 S 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֶל־הַכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Je 4:3 sow not אֶל־קֹחִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything: (a) of physical acts or states, as Gn 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל, 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, Ex 25:20, Nu 6:26, נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2 K 9:32 differently), 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Jos 8:18, Ps 28:2, 1 K 8:29, 8:30 (to pray towards) v:38; pregn. חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning) to Gn 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning) towards Gn 43:33, Is 13:8, פָּחַד אֶל Je 36:16: without a vb. פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים face to face Gn 32:31 + ; פֶּה אֶל־פֶּה Nu 12:8; כִּי־אֵינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gn 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; אֶל־פ׳ עֵינֵי י׳ the eyes of י׳ are towards…Ps 34:16 (cf. 33:18). (b) with words such as אָמַרto say to Gn 3:1 + oft., דִּבֶּר 8:15 + oft., קָרָא 19:5, הִחְפַּלֵּל 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to 12:15 (cf. Ez 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר 40:14. (c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait Ps 27:14 + ; יִחַל to hope Is 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Dt 24:15, Ps 25:l; שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to Ex 9:21 al.; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Je 10:2; חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear towards 2 K 4:13; Gn 43:30; Dt 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוֹת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, La 4:17; Is 63:15, 2 S 3:8, 1 K 14:13, Ps 40:6; alone, as predic., directed or disposed towards, Gn 3:16, 4:7, 2 K 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Ho 3:3 וְגַם־אֲנִי :אֵלָֽיִח Ez 36:9, Hg 2:17, Je 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: Gn 4:8 אֶל־הֶבֶל וַיָּקָם ק׳and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 S 24:8) 22:12, Ex 14:5, Nu 32:14; with נִקְבַּץ Jos 10:6, הָלַךְ Ju 1:10, 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Gn 42:21, Ju 9:57, 1 S 2:34, 1 K 14:10 + ; Is 2:4, 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֶל־י׳ 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Ho 7:15 (cf. Na 1:9) 12:5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶל־מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in partic. the phrase …הִנְנִי אֶל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) † Na 2:14, 3:5, Je 21:13, (23:30–32 על) 50:31, 51:25, Ez 13:8, 13:20, 21:8, 29:10, 30:22, 34:10, 35:3, 38:3, 39:1, (5:8, 26:3, 28:22, 29:3 על: on 36:9 v. supr.)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as Lv 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Jos 13:22 (‖ Nu 31:8 על); 1 S 14:34 at eat אֶל־הַחָם together with the blood (v:32 & generally עַל); 1 K 10:7 הוֹסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Je 25:26; Ez 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה (‖על ); 44:7; La 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶל־כַּפָָּיִם our hearts together with the hands (cf. إِلَي, Qor 4:2; W:AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of : thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1 S 15:35; הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2 S 24:16; דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1 K 14:5 הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1 S 1:27, 2 K 19:20; חָעַק to cry 2 K 8:3 (v:5 על); נֶעֳחַב be pained 1 S 20:34; נִחַם to comfort 2 S 10:2; more gen. 1 K 16:13, 21:22; אֶל־נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 K 19:3, 2 K 7:7 (Gn 19:17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר Gn 20:2, Is 29:22, 37:21, 37:33 +; דִּבֶּר 2 S 7:19, Je 40:16 b; סִפֵּר Ps 2:7, 69:27; חִוָּה Is 23:11; שָׁמַע Ez 19:4; הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֶל the report regarding… 1 S 4:19. (Not freq., ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare): …אֶל־פִּי according to the command of, Jos 15:13, 17:4, 21:3 (generally עַל־פִּי); אֶל־נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty † 1 S 23:23, 26:4 (v. Dr): perh. Ps 5:1, 80:1 (45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (cf. 1, Gn 24:11), as Jos 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֶל־מֵי מֵרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 S 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 S 2:23 al. and smote him אֶל־הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Dt 33:28, Ex 29:12, Lv 4:7; but also in other cases, as Jos 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins, 22:11 have built an altar אֶל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Ju 12:6, 2 S 3:32, 14:30 & 18:4 אֶל־יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 K 13:20 as they were sitting אֶל־הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 K 11:14 אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Je 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., 46:10 אֶל־נְהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates, Ez 3:15, 11:11, 17:8, 31:7, 40:18, 43:3, 47:7, 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to: thus אֶל־אַחֲרֵי 2 S 5:23, 2 K 9:18, 9:19 סֹב אֶל־אַחֲרַי turn to behind me, Zc 6:5 (where אֶל is pleon., prob. due to clerical error; note יחא אל before & after); אֶל־בֵּין in between Ez 31:10, 31:14; אֵל־בֵּינוֹת similarly Ez 10:2; אֶל־מִבֵּית לְ׳ to (the part) within (v. sub בַּיִת), in within Lv 16:15, 2 K 11:15 ‖ have her forth in within the ranks; אֶל־מוּל v. מוּל; אֶל־מִנֶּגֶב לְ׳ unto the south of Jos 15:3; אֶל־מִחוּץ לְ׳ to the outside of Lv 4:12, 4:21 + ; אֶל־נֹכַח to the front of Nu 19:4; אֶל־תַּחַת Ju 6:19, 1 K 8:6 al. (v. sub תַּחַת).

Note I.—In Gn 20:13 אֶל־כָּל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה אִמְרִי־לִי וג׳; Nu 33:54 אֶל־אֲשֶׁר וג׳; Pr 17:8 (cf. Dt 16:6);—אֶל appears to be used by a species of attraction ; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֶל to be used instead of בְּ. In Ez 31:14 אֵלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אַיִל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pron. with suff. (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2.—There is a tendency in Hebrew, esp. manifest in S K Je Ez, to use אֶל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֶל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in acc. with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two preps. interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Jos 5:14 וִיִּפֹּל אֶל־פָּנָיו; 1 S 13:13 אֶת־מַמְלַכְתְּךָ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵקִים י׳; 14:34 (v. sub 5); 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֶל־הָהָר (contr. עַל Dt 11:29); 19:16, 2 S 6:3, 20:23 (contr. 8:16) 1 K 13:29, 18:46 (contr. 2 K 3:15 על) Je 35:15, Ez 7:18. (b) Ju 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, v:39 let there be dryness on (אֶל) the fleece; 1 S 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, v:12 come up אֵלֵינוּ; 16:23 & 16; 16:13 & 18:10 חָלַח אֶל, 10:6 al. חָלַח עַל; 25:17 evil is determined אֶל־אֲדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל־בֵּיתוֹ; v:25; 27:10; 2 S 2:9 וַיַּמְלִבֵהוּ אֶל וְעַל…וְעַל …וְעַל …וְאֶל …וְאֶל …; 3:29 …יָחֻלוּ עַל …וְאֶל 2 K 8:3 & 5; 9:6 & 3; Je 19:15; 25:2; 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֶל־הָעִיר הַזּאֹת; 27:19, 28:8, 33:14, 34:7, 36:31, 37:13, 37:14, Ez 18:6, 18:11 & 15, 21:12 etc. Ps 79:6 (Je 10:25 על twice). It is prob. that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1 S 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (v:26 אֶל); v:13; 25:25 עַל…אֶל; 1 K 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל־בֵּיתוֹ (21:4 אֶל); Is 22:15, Je 11:2, 23:35, 31:12. Cf. Dr:Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

41

אֶלְיְהוֹעֵינַי n.pr.m. (unto י׳ are mine eyes)

1. a Korahite 1 Ch 26:3.

2. a returning exile Ezr 8:4.

אֶלְיוֹעֵינַי n.pr.m. (id.)

1. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:23, 3:24.

2. a Simeonite אֶלְיוֹעֵנַי 1 Ch 4:36.

3. a Benjamite (id.) 7:8.

4. priests in time of Ezra (a) Ezr 10:22; (b) 10:27 (אֶלְיוֹעֵנַי); (c) Ne 12:41.

† I. אֵל pr.pl.m. & f. = the more usual אֵלָּה, these 1 Ch 20:8; with art. הָאֵל Gn 19:8, 19:25, 26:3, 26:4, Lv 18:27, Dt 4:42, 7:72, 19:11. (Merely an orthogr. variation of אֵלָּה, and doubtless pronounced similarly; the kindred dialects have in genl. a dissyllabic form: v. sub אֵלֶּה. Written similarly in Ph., e.g. CIS 3:22, 14:5, 93:3 (האל), but ZMG:1875, 240 (Neo-Punic) אלא; in Plaut. Poen. v. I. 9 transliterated ily; Schroed.:Ph. Gr. p. 81, 160, 286 ff.)

אֵ֫לֶּה (أُلَي, 0lu: 0la: Rabb. אֵלּוּ, Aram. אִלֵּין, & compd. with ܗܳܐ and ܐܰܝ in ܗܳܠܶܝܢ, ܐܰܝܠܶܝܢ) pr.pl.m. & f. these, in usage the pl. of זֶה. a. Gn 2:4 & oft.: in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the art.) Ex 9:14 (rd. with Hi. אֵלֶּה בְּךָ for אֶל־לִבְּךָ) 10:1 אֹתֹתַי אֵלֶּה these my signs, 11:8, Dt 11:18, 1 K 8:59, 10:8, 22:23, 2 K 1:13, Je 31:21, Ezr 2:65, Ne 6:14; in the genit. 2 K 6:20, Is 47:9, Dt 18:12, Ps 15:5; and after כל Gn 14:3 + oft. Standing alone in a neuter sense, these things (rare in best prose, & not very common in poetry), with עָשָׂה Dt 18:12, 22:5, 25:16, 2 S 23:17, 23:22, Ps 15:5 +; with other vbs. Ezr 9:1, Is 44:21, 47:7, Je 13:22, Ho 14:10, Ps 42:5, 50:21, 107:43, Jb 8:2; with אֶת־ Nu 15:13, Is 48:14; with כָּל־ Ju 13:23, Is 66:2 +; v. also some of the cases with preps. sub d. אלה may point indifferently to what follows, Gn 6:9, 10:1, 25:7, 25:12, 25:13, Ps 42:5; or to what has preceded, Gn 9:19, 10:20, 10:31, 10:32, 25:4, Lv 21:14, 22:22, Ps 15:5; = such as these (τοιαῦτα), Ps 73:12, Jb 18:21. b. repeated, ואלה…אלה, these…those Dt 27:13, Jos 8:22, Is 49:12 (3 t.) Ps 20:8 +. c. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.) הָאֵלֶּה Gn 15:1 + oft. d. with preps.: בְּאֵלֶּה Lv 25:54, 26:23, 1 K 22:11 (7 t.), בָּאֵלֶּה1 S 16:10, 17:39; לְאֵלֶּה Lv 11:24 (4 t), לָאֵלֶּה 1 K 22:17 (5 t.); מֵאֵלֶּה Gn 9:19 (16 t.); עַד אֵלֶּה Lv 26:18; עַל־אֵלֶּה on account of these things Is 57:6, 64:11, Je 5:9 al.; כְּאֵלֶּהJb 16:2, Je 10:16 = 51:19, כָּאֵלֶּהGn 27:46, Lv 10:19 (things like these, so Is 66:8, Je 18:13) Nu 28:24 P (cf. Ez 45:25) 2 K 25:17 = Je 52:22, בְּמוֹ־אֵלֶּהJb 12:3.

II. אֵל god, אֶלְדָּד, אֶלְדָּעָה etc. v. I. אלה.

אֵלָא n.pr.m. father of an officer of Solomon 1 K 4:18 (= II. אֵלָה terebinth?).

I. אלה (assumed as √ of אֵל, (אֱלוֹהַּ) אֱלֽהִים god, God, but question intricate, & conclusions dub. It is uncertain whether אֵל & אֱלֽהִים are from the same √. Following are the chief theories:

1. a. Thes makes אֵל & אֱלֽהִים distinct, and both really primitive, but associates אֵל in treatment with אֵל strong, Pt. of √ אול; strong, acc. to Thes, being derived from mng. be in front of; (different order in Lex. Man., RobGes) ; b. אֵל & אֱלֽהִים distinct; former fr. אול strong; latter pl. of אֱלֽהַּ from √ [אלהּ] = أَلِهَ (وَلِهَ) go to and fro in perplexity or fear, hence אֱלֽהַּ fear & object of fear, reverence, revered one; أَلِهَ اِلَي = פחד אל trepide confugere ad Ho 3:5; אלהים = פחד Gn 31:42 = מוֹרָא Is 8:13 De:Gn 1887, 48 (cf. σέβασμα, postB. Heb. יִרְאָה NHWB; Aram. דַּחֲלָא CWB); so De following Fl in De:Gn ed. 4, 57, cf. MV.

2. אֵל & אֱלֽהִים possibly connected; אֵל = leader, lord, fr. √ אול be in front; so Nö:MBAk 1880, 760 f; SBAk 1882, 1175 f.

3. a. אֵל & אֱלֽהִים connected, & both fr. a √ אלה (= אלהּ) to which is assigned mng. strong; so Ew:§ 146 d, 178 b (v. also Jahrbücher d. bibl. Wiss. x. 11, Bibl. Theol. ii. 330); b. אֵל fr. √ אלה strong (not אלהּ), & אֱלֽהִים expanded from אֵל, cf. pl. אֲמָהוֹת fr. אמה etc.; so Di on Gn 1:1; he supports mng. strong by ref. to phrase יֵשׁ לְאֵל יָדִי Gn 31:29 al.; c. similarly, אֵל, being very early & common Shemitic word, formed pl. אלהים, fr. which sing. אֱלוֹהַּ was afterwards inferred, Nes:Theol. Stud. a. Württ., 1882, 243 (criticized by Nö:SBA l. c.).

4. אֵל (אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֽהִים disregarded) fr. √ אלה stretch out to, reach after (cf. prep. אֵל, אֱלִי, also אָלָה swear), God as the one whom men strive to reach, ‘das Ziel aller Menschensehnsucht und alles Menschenstrebens,’ Lag:Or. ii. 3; Gn 1882, 173 = M 96.—Cf. Spurrell:Heb. Text of Gn., App. ii, where all these views are stated somewhat more fully, & briefly criticized; on the use of אֵל & אֱלֽהַּ in Shemitic languages vid., exhaustively, Nö:MBAk, SBAk, l. c.).

42

II. אֵל n.m. (also, in n.pr. אֶל, אֱלִי; Sam. אל, Ph. אל, אלן (i.e. prob. אֵלֽן), Sab. אל, DHM:Or. Congr. Leiden, 1883, As. ilu, Dl:w; perhaps also Ar., Aram. cf. Nö:l. c.; on goddess אלת Ph. Palm. Nab. Sab. (also אלהת) DHM:l. c; Ar. إِلَاهَةُ (pl. إِلَاهَت) Fl:kl. Schr. i. 154, As. Allatu Jr:66, Syr. ܐܰܠܳܗܳܬܰܐ, cf. also Bae:Rel 58, 90, 97, 271, 207) god, but with various subordinate applications to express idea of might;—hardly ever in prose exc. with defining word (adj. or gen.); its only suff. is יִ;—†

1. applied to men of might and rank, אֵל גוים mighty one of the nations Ez 31:11 (of Neb.; LXX ἄρχων ἔθνων, איל some MSS. Co); אֵלִים mighty men Jb 41:17 (אילים, many MSS. Di); אֵלֵי גִבּוֹרִים mighty heroes Ez 32:21 (אֵילֵי MSS. Co); אֵילֵי הָאֶרֶץ Ez 17:13, 2 K 24:15 (Kt אולי); אֵילִים Ex 15:15 (prob. pl. of III. אַיִל, q.v.) These readings are uncertain because of an effort to distinguish these forms from the divine name. אֵל גִּבּוֹר mighty hero (as above) ordivine hero (as reflecting the divine majesty) Is 9:6. †

2. angels, בְּנֵי אֵלִים Ps 29:1, 89:7 = בְּנֵי הָאֱלֽהִים. †

3. gods of the nations, אֵל אֵלִים God of gods, supreme God Dn 11:36; מִי כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִם who is like thee among the gods Ex 15:11; idols Is 43:10, 44:10, 44:15, 44:17, 46:6; מי אל בשמים what God in heaven Dt 3:24; אֵל אחר another god Ex 34:14 (J); אֵל זר foreign god Ps 44:21, 81:10; אל נכר Dt 32:12, Mal 2:11, Ps 81:10. †

4. Ēl n.pr. אל ברית Ēl Berith Ju 9:46 (= בעל ברית Ju 8:33, 9:4) cf. also 6. (f) infr. †

5. as characterizing mighty things in nature, חררי אל mighty mountains Ps 36:7 (lit. mountains of Ēl); also Ps 50:10 Ol Bi Che v. sub II. אלף; ארזי אל mighty cedars Ps 80:11; כוכבי אל lofty stars Is 14:13.

6. God:217, the one only and true God of Israel: (a) הָאֵל the God, the true God Gn 31:13, 35:1, 35:3, 46:3 (E) 2 S 22:31, 22:33, 22:48 (= Ps 18:31, 18:33, 18:48) Ps 68:20, 68:21, 77:15; הָאֵל הַגֶּאֱמָן the faithful God Dt 7:9; האל הגדול the great God Dt 10:17 = Je 32:18, Dn 9:4, Ne 1:5, 9:32; האל הקדשׁ the holy God Is 5:17; האל יהוה the God Yahweh Is 42:5, Ps 85:9. † (b) אֵלִי my God Ex 15:2 (poet.) Ps 18:3, 22:2, 22:2, 22:11, 63:2, 68:25, 89:27, 102:25, 118:28, 140:7, Is 44:17. (c) cstr. אל בית אל the God of Bethel, who had his seat there Gn 35:7 (E); אל אביך God of thy fathers Gn 49:25 (poet.); אל ישראל Ps 68:36; אל יעקב Ps 146:5; אל השמים the God of heaven Ps 136:26; אל סלעי the God who is my rock Ps 42:10; אל שמחת גילי the God who is the joy of my exultation Ps 43:4; אֵל רֳאִי the God who lets himself be seen Gn 16:13 (J); אל הכבוד the God of glory Ps 29:3; אל דעות the all-knowing God 1 S 2:3 (poet.); אֵל עוֹלָם the everlasting God Gn 21:33 (J); אל ישועתי Is 12:2; אל חַיָּ֑י Ps 42:9; אל אמת Ps 31:6 = אל אֱמוּנָה Dt 32:4 (poet.); אל נקמות Ps 94:1, 94:1; אל גְּמֻלוֹת Je 51:56. (d) אל אֶחָד one God Mal 2:10; אל גדול a great God Dt 7:21, Ps 77:14, 95:3; אל מסתתר a God hiding himself Is 45:15; אל רחום a compassionate God Ex 34:6 (J) Dt 4:31, Ps 86:15; אל נשא a forgiving God Ps 99:8; אל חַנּוּן a gracious God Ne 9:31, Jon 4:2; אל קנא a jealous God Ex 20:5, 34:14 (J) Dt 4:24, 5:9, 6:15, Jos 24:19 (D) = אל קנוא Na 1:2; אֵל חי a living God Jos 3:10 (J) Ho 2:1, Ps 42:3, 84:3; אל חדיק Is 45:21; לא אֵל חפץ רשע Ps 5:5; לא אֵל Dt 32:21 (poet.) Is 31:3, Ez 28:2, 28:2, 28:9; מי אל כמוךָ Mi 7:18 (cf. Ex 15:11). (e) God (the only true God, needing no article or predicate to define him) Nu 12:13 (E rd. אַל Di) always in poetry, Jb 5:8 + (55 t. Jb), Ps 7:12, 10:11, 10:12, 16:1, 17:6, 19:1, 52:3, 52:7, 55:20, 57:3, 73:11, 73:17, 74:8, 77:10, 78:7, 78:8, 78:18, 78:19, 78:34, 78:41, 82:1, 83:2, 90:2, 104:21, 106:14, 106:21, 107:11, 118:27, 139:17, 139:23, 149:6, 150:1, Is 40:18, 43:12, 45:14, 45:20, 46:9, La 3:41, Ho 11:9, 12:1, Mal 1:9; עִמָּנוּאל God is with us, as name of child in prediction Is 7:14 cf. 8:8, 8:10. (f) Ēl, a divine name אל אלהי ישראל Gn 33:20 (E); אל אלהי הרוחות Nu 16:22 (P = יהוה אלהי הרוחות Nu 27:16); אל אלהים יהוה Jos 22:22 (P) Ps 50:1. This is probable also in the ancient poems, Nu 23:8, 23:19, 23:22, 23:23, 24:4, 24:8, 24:16, 24:23 (poet. Balaam ‖שדּי & עליון) Dt 32:18, 33:26 (poet. Moses ‖חוּר & אֱלֽהֵי קֶדֶם) 2 S 22:32, 23:5 (poet. David ‖חוּר) and in the combinations אל עליון (5 t.; vid. עליון) & אל שדּי (10 t.; vid. שַׁדַּי).

7. אֵל strength, power (on connection with I. אָלָה cf. Di Gn 1:1, 31:29) in יֶשׁ־לְאֵל יָדִי it is according to the power of my hand = it is in my power, etc. Gn 31:29 (E; sq. לְ + Inf.); בִּהְיוֹת לְאֵל יָדְ֯יךָ Pr 3:27 (sq. id.); יֶשׁ־לְאֵל יָדָם Mi 2:1; (abs.); neg. וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶָךָ Dt 28:32 (abs.) = thou shalt be powerless, so Ne 5:5.

43

אֱלֽהַּ:57 so Dt 32:17; לֶאֱלֽהַּ Dn 11:38 (vid. BD) sf. לֵאלֽהוֹ Hb 1:11; elsewhere אֱלוֹהַּ n.m. god, God. (Sam. id., Aram. אֱלָהּ, ܐܰܠܳܗܳܐ, Ar. إِلَهُ, Sab. אלה DHM:l. c.;—אֱלֽהַּ as found in Heb. prob. a sg. formed by inference fr. pl. אֱלֽהִים: cf. Nes:l. c.)—

1. a heathen god, late usage; כָּל־אֱלוֹהַּ 2 Ch. 32:15, Dn 11:37; זוּ כחו לאלהו whose power is his god Hb 1:11, 2 K 17:31 (but Qr אֱלֽהֵי), אשר הביא אֱלוֹהַּ בְּיָדוֹ who doth bring God in his hand Jb 12:6 (Ew Di RVm, etc.)

2. God, used in ancient poems Dt 32:15, 32:17, Ps 18:32, and on their basis an archaism in later poetry Jb 3:4 + (41 t. Jb), Ps 50:22, 114:7, 139:19, Pr 30:5, Is 44:8, Hb 3:3, Ne 9:17 (citing Ex 34:6 where אֵל is used).

אֱלֽהִים:2570 n.m.pl. (f. 1 K 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֽהִים cf. also Nes:l. c,)

1. pl. in number. † a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: האלהים Ex 21:6 (Onk SyrVer, but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ LXX) 22:7, 22:8; אלהים 22:8, 22:27 (Targum Ra AE Ew RVm; but gods, LXX Josephus Philo AV; God, DiRV; all Covt. code of E) cf. 1 S 2:25 v. Dr.; Ju 5:8 (Ew, but gods LXX; God SyrVer BarHeb.; יהוה Vulgate Be) Ps 82:1, 82:6 (De Ew Pe; but angels Bl Hup) 138:1 (SyrVer Targum Rab Ki De; but angels LXX Calv; God, Ew; gods, Hup Pe Che). † b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Ps 8:6 (De Che Br; but angels LXX SyrVer Targum Ew; God, RV and most moderns) Gn 1:27 (if with Philo Targum Jer De Che we interpret נעשה as God's consultation with angels; cf. Jb 38:7). † c. angels Ps 97:7 (LXX SyrVer Calv; but gods, Hup De Pe Che); cf. אלהים(ה)בני = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Jb 1:6, 2:1, 38:7, Gn 6:2, 6:4 (J; so LXX Bks. of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude v:6, 2 Pet 2:4, Jos:Ant. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Onk and Rab.; sons of God, the pious, Theod Chrys Jer Augustine Luther Calv Hengst; LXXL rd. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ), cf. בני אלים. d. gods האלהים Ex 18:11, 22:19 (E) 1 S 4:8, 2 Ch 2:4, Ps 86:8; אלהי האלהים the God of gods, supreme God Dt 10:17, Ps 136:2; אלהים Ex 32:1, 32:23 (JE) Ju 9:13; אלהים אחרים other gods Ex 20:3, 23:13, Jos 24:2, 24:16 (E) Dt 31:18, 31:20 (JE) 5:7 + (17 t. in D, not P) Ju 2:12, 2:17, 2:19, 10:13, 1 S 8:8, 26:19, 1 K 9:6, 9:9 (= 2 Ch 7:19, 7:22) 11:4, 11:10, 14:9, 2 K 5:17, 17:35, 17:37, 17:38, 22:17, (= 2 Ch 34:25) 2 Ch 28:25, Je 1:16 + (18 t. Je) Ho 3:1; נכר(ה)אלהי foreign gods Gn 35:2, 35:4, Jos 24:20, 24:23 (E) Dt 31:16 (JE) Ju 10:16, 1 S 7:3, 2 Ch 33:15, Je 5:19; נחור א׳ Gn 31:53 (E); מחרים א׳ Ex 12:12 (P) Je 43:12, 43:13; האמרי א׳ Jos 24:15 (E) Ju 6:10; ארם א׳ etc. Ju 10:6; אלהים מעשה ידי Dt 4:28; הגוים א׳ gods of the nations 2 K 18:33, 19:12, Dt 29:17, 2 Ch 32:17, 32:19, Is 36:18, 37:12; העמים א׳ Dt 6:14, 13:8, Ju 2:12, Ps 96:5, 1 Ch 5:25, 16:26, 2 Ch 32:13, 32:14; כסף א׳ Ex 20:23 (E); זהב א׳ Ex 20:23 (E) 32:31 (JE); מַסֵּכָה א׳ Ex 34:17 (J) Lv 19:4 (H).

2. Pl. intensive. a. god or goddess, always with sf. 1 S 5:7 (Dagon), Ju 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 K 18:24 (Baal), Ju 9:27, Dn 1:2, 1:2; or cstr. לעשתרת מואב חדנים לכמוש א׳ א׳ to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 K 11:33; הארץ א׳ god of the land 2 K 17:26, 17:26, 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 K 20:28. b. godlike one Ex 4:16 (J; Moses in relation to Aaron), Ex 7:1 (P; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 S 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Ps 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, LXX SyrVer Jer, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne AE Ki Thea Ew Hup, cf. 1 Ch 28:5). c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (vid. אֵל 5) הר אלהים Ps 68:16; Ez 28:14, 28:16; אש אלהים Jb 1:16; אלהים(ה)גן Ez 28:13, 31:8, 31:9. d. God (vid. 3 & 4).

3. הָאֱלֽהִים the (true) God, הוא האלהים י׳ Yahweh is (the) God Dt 4:35, 4:39, 7:9, 1 K 8:60, 18:39, 18:39, 2 Ch 33:13; הוא האלהים Is 45:18; האלהים י׳ Jos 22:34 (P ?) 1 K 18:21, 18:24, 2 Ch 32:16; אתה הוא האלהים 2 S 7:28, 1 K 18:37, 2 K 19:15, 1 Ch 17:26, Is 37:16, Ne 9:7; האלהים as subj. or obj. is used in E 33 t., Chr 38 t., Ec 31 t., Jon 5 t., elsewhere Gn 5:22, 5:24, 6:9, 6:11 (sources of P) 17:18 (P) Jos 22:34 (P ?) Gn 44:16 (J) Dt 4:35, 4:39, 7:9, Ju 6:36, 6:39, 7:14, 10:14, 16:28, 21:2, 1 S 10:3, 10:7, 14:36, 2 S 2:27, 6:7, 7:28, 12:16, 1 K 8:60, 18:21, 18:24, 18:24, 18:37, 18:39, 18:39, 19:15 (Ephr) Jb 2:10, Je 11:12, Is 37:16, 45:18, Ps 108:14, Dn 1:9, 1:17; הקדוש הא׳ י׳ 1 S 6:20; הגדול הא׳ י׳ Ne 8:6; אשר בירושלם הא׳ Ezr 1:3; אדני האלהים Dn 9:3; in many phrases, as איש האלהים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Ju 13:6, 13:8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 S 9:9–10, cf. אִישׁ הָרוּחַ Hos 9:7): of Moses Dt 33:1, Jos 14:6 (E) 1 Ch 23:14, 2 Ch 30:16, Ezr 3:2, Ps 90:1; of Samuel 1 S 9:6–10; of David 2 Ch 8:14, Ne 12:24, 12:36; Shemaiah 1 K 12:22 (= 2 Ch 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 K 13:1–31, 17:18–24, 20:28, 2 K 1:9–13, 4:7–42, 5:8–20, 6:6–15, 7:2–9, 8:2–11, 13:19, 23:16–17 (Ephr) 2 Ch 25:7, 25:9; unnamed prophet 1 S 2:27; Hanan Je 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד האלהים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Ch 6:34, 2 Ch 24:9, Ne 10:30, Dn 9:11. בית האלהים the house of God, Ju 18:31, esp. late, Chr (52 t.) Ec 4:17 Dn 1:2; בית י׳ הא׳ 1 Ch 22:1; האלהים (ברית)ארון the ark (of the covenant) of God Ju 20:27, 1 S 4–5, 1 S 14, 2 S 6–7, 2 S 15 (23 t.) 1 Ch 13, 15, 16, 2 Ch 1:4 (13 t.); מטה האלהים the rod of God Ex 4:20, 17:9 (E); הר האלהים the mount of God (Horeb) Ex 3:1, 4:27, 18:5, 24:13 (E) 1 K 19:8 (Ephr); מלאך האלהים the (theophanic) angel of God Gn 31:11, Ex 14:19 (E) Ju 6:20, 13:6, 13:9, 2 S 14:17, 14:20, 19:28; in other combinations Ex 18:16, Nu 23:27 (E) Ju 20:2, 1 S 4:8, 5:11, 10:5, 2 S 16:23, 1 K 12:22, 1 Ch 21:7 + (14 t.) Ps 87:3, Ec 9:1.

4. אֱלֽהִים = God אֱלֽהִים אֱמֶת י׳ = Yahweh is God in truth Je 10:10. a. אלהים (as subj. obj. direct or indirect) is used by P (50 t. in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 t.), by E (91 t.), J chiefly in poetic sources Gn 3:1, 3:3, 3:5, 3:5, 9:27, 39:9, Dt 32:17, 32:39, by D (11 t.) Ju (21 t.) S (50 t.) K (29 t.) Chr (45 t.); in Ps 42–86 (180 t. often by editorial change for an original יהוה), elsewhere Ps 3:3, 5:11, 7:11, 7:12, 9:18, 10:4, 10:13, 14:1, 14:2, 14:5, 25:22, 36:2, 36:8, 77:14, 100:3, 108:2, 108:6, 108:8, 108:12, 108:12, 149:9, Jb 5:8, 20:29, 28:23, 32:2, 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 t.) Pr 2:5, 3:4, 25:2, Ec (7 t.) Hos (5 t.) Am 4:11 (כמהפכת אלתים את סדם as God overthrew Sodom = Je 50:40 = Is 13:19) Zc 8:23, 12:8, Mi 3:7 (but אליהם LXX SyrVer) Is 35:4, Is:2 (9 t.) Je 10:10, Ez (13 t.) Mal (5 t.) Jon (4 t.); the phrase לאלהים היה ל׳ Gn 28:21 (E:R) 17:7, 17:8, Ex 6:7, 29:45, Lv 11:45, 22:33, 25:38, 26:12, 26:45, Nu 15:41 (P) Dt 26:17, 29:13, 2 S 7:24 (= 1 Ch 17:22) Zc 8:8, Je (6 t.) Ez (6 t.); אלהים חדיק righteous God Ps 7:10; קדשים א׳ holy God Jos 24:19 (E); חיים א׳ living God Dt 5:23, 1 S 17:26, 17:36, Je 10:10, 23:36; חי א׳ 2 K 19:4, 19:16 (= Is 37:4, 37:17). For the phrases יהוה א׳, חבאות א׳ י׳, חבאות א׳, י׳ אל א׳, יה א׳, חבאות א׳ י׳, אלתי י׳, חבאות, אדני א׳ vid. יהוה, יה, חבאות & אדני. b. cstr. אֱלֽהֵי (a) with persons אֱלֽהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of J, Gn 26:24, 28:13, 31:53, elsewhere Ps 47:10, 1 K 18:36, 1 Ch 29:18, 2 Ch 30:6; אדני אברהם א׳ Gn 24:12, 24:27, 24:42, 24:48 (J); אלהי אב father's God (various sf. & names), a phrase of E , Gn 31:5, 31:29, 31:42, 46:3, 50:17, Ex 3:6, 3; 13, 3:15, 3:16, 15:2, 18:4, Jos 18:3, elsewhere Gn 32:10, 43:23 (J) Ex 4:5 (J ?) Dt (8 t.) Ju 2:12, 2 K 21:22, Chr (31 t.) Dn 11:37; אֱלֽהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of E, Gn 33:20, Ex 5:1, 24:10, 32:27, Jos 8:30, 14:14, 22:16, 24:2, 24:23, elsewhere Ex 34:23 Jos 7:13, 7:19, 7:20 (JE) Nu 16:9, Jos 9:18, 9:19, 22:24, 10:40, 10:42, 13:14, 13:33 (R vid. Di Jos 7:13) Ju 4:6, 5:3, 5:5, 6:8, 11:21, 11:23, 21:3, 1 S 1:17 + (20 t.) K (26 t.) Chr (45 t.) Ps 41:14, 106:48 (doxol.) 59:6, 69:7, Is 17:6, 21:10, 21:17, 29:23, Is:3, 24:15, 37:16, 37:21, Is:2 41:17 + (6 t.) Je 35:17 + (48 t.), Ez 8:4 + (7 t.) Zp 2:9, Mal 2:16, Ru 2:12; מערכות ישראל א׳ God of the battle array of Israel 1 S 17:45; א׳ יַעֲקֹב 2 S 23:1 (poet.) Ps 20:2, 46:8, 46:12, 75:10, 76:7, 81:2, 81:5, 84:9, 94:7, Is 2:3 (= Mi 4:2); העבריים א׳ God of the Hebrews Ex 3:18, 5:3, 7:16, 9:1, 9:13 (JE); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Gn 31:53 (E), Shem Gn 9:26 (J), David 2 K 20:5, 2 Ch 21:12, 34:3, Is 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Ch 32:17, Elijah 2 K 2:14; ארני המלך א׳ the God of my lord the king 1 K 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם א׳ ancient God Dt 33:27; עולם א׳ everlasting God Is 40:28; אֱמֶת א׳ true God 2 Ch 15:3; אָמֵן א׳ Is 65:16 (vid. אָמֵן); משפט א׳ Is 30:18, Mal 2:17; מרום א׳ Mi 6:6; כָל בָשָׂר א׳ God of all flesh Je 32:27; cf. א׳ הרוחות לכל בשר Nu 16:22, 27:16 (P); השמים א׳ God of heaven Gn 24:7 (J:R) 2 Ch 36:23, Ezr 1:2, Ne 1:4, 1:5, 2:4, 2:20; cf. כל הארץ א׳ Is 54:5; השמים וא׳ א׳ י׳ הארץ Gn 24:3 (J:R); מִקָּרֹב א׳ a God at hand opp. מֵרָחֹק א׳ Je 23:23, ישועתי א׳, יִשְׁעִי א׳ God of my salvation Ps 18:47 (= 2 S 22:47) 24:5, 25:5, 27:9, 65:6, 79:9, 85:5, Is 17:10, Mi 7:7, Hb 3:18, 1 Ch 16:35; ישועתי א׳ Ps 88:2; תשועתי א׳ Ps 51:16; חִדְקִי א׳ God of righteousness Ps 4:2; חַסְדִּי א׳ Ps 59:11, 59:18; חוּרִי א׳ God who is my rock 2 S 22:3 (cf. Ps 18:3); מָעוּזִּי֯ א׳ God who is my stronghold Ps 43:2; תְהִלָּתִי א׳ God who is my praise Ps 109:1. c. with sf. in P (22 t. incl. phr. ויראת מאלהיך) Lv 19:14, 19:32, 25:17, 25:36, 25:43 (H) Ex 8:21, Jos 24:27 (E) Dt 32:37 (poet.) Jos 9:23 (JE) Dt 10:21, 31:17, Ju 10:10, 16:23, 16:24, 1 S 10:19, 2 S 10:12, 22:32 + (4 t. poet.) 1 K 12:28, 20:23, 2 K 19:10, Chr (83 t.) Psalm (62 t.) Pr 2:17, 30:9, Ru 1:15, 1:16, 1:16, Is 1:10, 7:13, 8:19, 8:21, Is:2 (29 t.) Je 5:4, 5:5, 23:36, 51:5, Ez 34:31, Dn (5 t.) Ho (12 t.) Am 2:8, 4:12, Jo 1:13, 1:13, 1:16, 2:17, Mi 6:8, 7:7, Jon 1:5, 1:6, Zp 3:2, Na 1:14, Zc 9:7, 12:5; אלהים with sf. is also used with יהוה several hundred times (vid. יהוה).

44

אֶלְדָּד n.pr.m. (God has loved, cf. Sab. ורראל DHM:ZMG 1883. 15; v. also יְדִידְיָה) one of the elders Nu 11:26, 11:27; prob. = אֱלִידָד Nu 34:21 where called a prince of Benjamin.—On n.pr. with אֵל cf. those with אָב & אָח, & esp. Nö:l. c., v. p. 42, & (Sab.) DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 88.

אֶלְדָּעָה n.pr.m. (God has called? cf. دعا Ar.) son of Midian Gn 25:4, 1 Ch 1:33.

אֶלְזָבָד n.pr.m. (God has given, cf. Θεόδωρος זַבְדִּיאֵל, זְבַדְיָה) a. one of David's band of Gadites 1 Ch 12:12. b. Korahite 1 Ch 26:7.

אֶלְחָנָן n.pr.m. (God has been gracious, cf. Ph. אלחנן, בעלחנן, in As. BaÕ’alḫanunu COT Gn 10:18) two of David’s chiefs 2 S 21:19 = 1 Ch 20:5; 2 S 23:24 = 1 Ch 11:26.

45

אֱלִיאָב n.pr.m. (God is father, cf. אֲבִיאֵל) a. prince of Zebulon Nu 1:9, 2:7, 7:24, 7:29, 10:16. b. prince of Reuben Nu 16:1, 16:12, 26:8, 26:9, Dt 11:6. c. brother of David 1 S 16:6, 17:3, 17:28, 17:28, 1 Ch 2:13, 2 Ch 11:18 (cf. אֱלִיהוּ 1 Ch 27:18). d. a Kohathite 1 Ch 6:12 = אֱלִיאֵל v:19 cf. אֱלִיהוּ 1 S 1:1. e. a Gadite 1 Ch 12:9. f. Levite singer 1 Ch 15:18, 15:20, 16:5.

אֱלִיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl is God, or my God is God) only Ch. a. two or three of David's chiefs 1 Ch 11:46, 11:47, 12:11. b. chief of Manasseh 1 Ch 5:24. c. two chiefs of Benjamin 1 Ch 8:20, 8:22. d. chief of the Hebronites 1 Ch 15:9, 15:11. e. a chief Kohathite 1 Ch 6:19 = אֱלִיאָב v:12 cf. אֱלִיהוּ 1 S 1:1. f. a Levite 2 Ch 31:13.

אֱלִיאָ֫תָה n.pr.m. (God has come) a Hemanite 1 Ch 25:4 = אֱלִיָּתָה 1 Ch 25:27.

אֱלִידָד v. אֶלְדָּד supr. p. 44

אֶלְיָדָע n.pr.m. (God knows, cf. דְּעוּאֵל, Sab. אלידע Hal 209) a. son of David 2 S 5:16, 1 Ch 3:8 = בעלידע 1 Ch 14:7 which perh. rd. here, cf. Dr:Sm. b. father of an adversary of Solomon 1 K 11:23 = c. chief of Benjamin 2 Ch 17:17.

אֵלִיָּה 2 K 1:3 + 4 t.; אֵלִיָּ֫הוּ 1 K 17:1 + 62 t.; n.pr.m. (Yah(u) is God, cf. יוֹאֵל) a. Elijah, the great prophet of the reign of Ahab 1 K 17:1 + 65 t. K; 2 Ch 21:12, Mal 3:23. b. Benjamite 1 Ch 8:27; c. a priest of Ezra's time Ezr 10:21; c. a son of Elam Ezr 10:26.

אֱלִיהוּ Jb 32:4 + 3 t.; אֱלִיהוּא Jb 32:2 + 6 t.; n.pr.m. (He is (my) God) a. the young friend of Job Jb 32:2, 32:4, 32:5, 32:6, 34:1, 35:1, 36:1. b. an Ephraimite, Samuel's great-grandfather 1 S 1:1 cf. אֱלִיאָב 1 Ch 6:12, אֱלִיאֵל v:19. c. chief of Manasseh 1 Ch 12:20. d. a Korahite 1 Ch 26:7. e. one of the brethren of David 1 Ch 27:18 (cf. אֱלִיאָב 1 S 16:6).

אֶלְיַחְבָּא n.pr.m. (God hides) one of David's chiefs 2 S 23:32, 1 Ch 11:33.

אֱלִיחֹ֫רֶף n.pr.m. (Autumn God? cf. Jb 29:4) one of Solomon's scribes 1 K 4:3.

אֱלִימֶ֫לֶךְ (& ־מֶָלֶח Ru 2:1) n.pr.m. (God is king, cf. מַלְכִּיאֵל) husband of Naomi Ru 1:2, 1:3, 2:3, 4:3, 4:9.

אֶלְיָסָף n.pr.m. (God has added) a. chief of Gad Nu 1:14, 2:14, 7:42, 7:47, 10:20. b. chief of Gershon Nu 3:24.

אֱלִיעֶ֫זֶר (־עֶָזרֶ Gn 15:2 +) n.pr.m. (God is help, cf. Ex 18:4; v. also אָלְעָזָר infr., עֲזַרְאֵל, Ph. אשמנעזר, בעלעזר, עזרבעל) a. Abraham's steward (אֱלִיעֶָזֶר), a Damascene Gn 15:2. b. a son of Moses Ex 18:4, 1 Ch 23:15, 23:17, 23:17. c. Benjamite 1 Ch 7:8. d. several priests 1 Ch 15:24, 1 Ch 26:25, Ez 10:18. e. Reubenite 1 Ch 27:16. f. prophet in time of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 20:37. g. Levite chief Ez 8:16, 10:23. h. son of Harim Ezr 10:31.

אֱלִיעָם n.pr.m. (God is kinsman; Ph. אלעם) a. father of Bathsheba 2 S 11:3; cf. עַמִּיאֵל 1 Ch 3:5. b. one of David's heroes 2 S 23:34 (acc. to some = a).

אֱלִיפַז n.pr.m. (God is fine gold?) a. son of Esau Gn 36:4, 36:10, 36:11, 36:12, 36:12, 36:15, 36:16, 1 Ch 1:35, 1:36. b. friend of Job Jb 2:11, 4:1, 15:1, 22:1, 42:7, 42:9.

אֱלִיפָל n.pr.m. (God has judged) one of David's heroes 1 Ch 11:35 (but v. אֱלִיפֶלֶט 2 S 23:34).

אֱלִיפְלֵ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (may God distinguish him) one of the doorkeepers 1 Ch 15:18, 15:21.

אֱלִיפֶ֫לֶט (־פָָלֶט 2 S 5:16 +) n.pr.m. (God is deliverance, cf. פַּלְטִיאֵל) a. son of David 2 S 5:16, 1 Ch 3:6, 3:8, 14:7; = אֶלְפָָּלֶט 1 Ch 14:5. b. one of David's heroes 2 S 23:34 (cf. also אֱלִיפָל 1 Ch 11:35). c. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:39. d. one of the line of Adonikam Ezr 8:13. e. of the line of Hashum Ezr 10:33.

אֱלִיחוּר n.pr.m. (חור Rock is God, cf. Dt 32:4; v. also חוּרִיאֵל) chief of Reuben Nu 1:5, 2:10, 7:30, 7:35, 10:18.

אֱלִיחָפָן n.pr.m. (God has protected, cf. Ph. חפנבעל) a. chief of the Kohathites Nu 3:30, 1 Ch 15:8, 2 Ch 29:13; = אֶלְחָפָן Ex 6:22, Lv 10:4. b. chief of Zebulun Nu 34:25.

אֱלִיקָא n.pr.m. (? not in LXX, 1 Ch 11:27 Dr) one of David's heroes 2 S 23:25.

אֶלְיָקִים n.pr.m. (God sets up, cf. Sab. הקמאל, יקמאל Hal:615) a. Hezekiah's prefect of the palace 2 K 18:18, 18:26, 18:37, 19:2, Is 22:20, 36:3, 36:11, 36:22, 37:2. b. son of Josiah, made king by Pharaoh 2 K 23:34, 2 Ch 36:4; = יְהוֹיָקִים 2 K 24:1, Je 1:3, 1 Ch 3:15. c. a priest Ne 12:41.

אֱלִישֶׁ֫בַע n.pr.f. (God is an oath, by which one swears, cf. Is 19:18, Am 8:14, Zp 1:5) wife of Aaron Ex 6:23; = ̓Ελεισαβεθ LXX, cf. Lu 1:7.

46

אֱלִישׁוּעַ n.pr.m. (God is salvation, cf. אֱלִישָׁע infr.; or is opulence, cf. אֲבִישׁוּעַ) son of David 2 S 5:15, 1 Ch 14:5.

אֶלְיָשִׁיב n.pr.m. (God restores, cf. Nes:Eg 194 & Sab. תַובאל DHM:ZMG 1883, 16) a. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:24. b. priest of David's time 1 Ch 24:12. c. high priest of Nehemiah's time Ezr 10:6, Ne 3:1, 3:20, 3:21, 3:21, 12:10, 12:10, 12:12, 12:23, 13:4, 13:7, 13:28. d. a singer Ezr 10:24. e. one of the line of Zattu Ezr 10:27. f. one of the line of Bani Ezr 10:36.

אֱלִישָׁמָע (God has heard, cf. יִשְׁמָעֵאל, & Sab. אלסמע, יסמעאל Hal:187, 193) a. chief of Ephraim Nu 1:10, 2:18, 7:48, 7:53, 10:22, 1 Ch 7:26. b. son of David 2 S 5:16, 1 Ch 3:6, 3:8, 14:7. c. scribe of Jehoiakim Je 36:12, 36:20, 36:21. d. one of the royal seed 2 K 25:25, Je 41:1. e. a man of Judah 1 Ch 2:41. f. a priest 2 Ch 17:8.

אֱלִישָׁע n.pr.m. (God is salvation, cf. אֱלִישׁוּעַ, Sab. יתַעאל DHM:ZMG 1883, 15) the prophet Elisha, the successor of Elijah 1 K 19:16 + 57 t. all K; ̓Ελισα, ̓Ελισαιε LXX; ̓Ελισαιος Lu 4:27.

אֱלִישָׁפָט n.pr.m. (God has judged, Ph. בעלשפט, שפטבעל) a captain in the time of Jehoiada 2 Ch 23:1.

אֱלִיָּתָה v. אֱלִיאָתָה. p.45

אֶלְמוֹדָד v. sub I. אַל. p. 38

אֶלְנָ֑עַם n.pr.m. (God is pleasantness) father of two of David's heroes 1 Ch 11:46 (not in S).

אֶלְנָתָן (God has given, cf. נְתַנְאֵל, & As. Ilu-iddin Dl:Pr 207, Ph. בעליתן, יתנבעל, Palm. עתנתן, והבלת, Vog:Pal 30 & p. 31 f, Nab. והבאל, קסנתן Eut:Nab 12:1, Sab. והבאל, אלוהב DHM:ZMG 1883, 15. 361. 388 CIS:iv. 1, 1.2.6, Theodore, Diodate). a. the grandfather of Jehoiakim 2 K 24:8; cf. Je 26:22, 36:12, 36:25 (?). b. Levites of the time of Ezra Ezr 8:16, 8:16, 8:16.

אֶלְעָד n.pr.m. (God has testified) an Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:21.

אֶלְעָדָה n.pr.m. (God has adorned, cf. עֲדִיאֵל) an Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:20.

אֶלְעוּזַי n.pr.m. (God is my strength = אֶלְעֻזּי, cf. עֻזּיאֵל, Sab. û ATNAH ON TOP OF TAU IN FOLLOWING - NO CHARACTER FOR THISאלעת (אלעז) DHM:ZMG 1883, 15) one of the heroes of David 1 Ch 12:5.

אֶלְעָזָר n.pr.m. (God has helped, cf. אֱלִיעֶזֶר supr.) a. Eleazar the priest Ex 6:23 + (50 t. in Hex) Ju 20:28, 1 Ch 5:29, 5:30, 6:35, 9:20, 24:1, 24:2, 24:3, 24:4, 24:4, 24:5, 24:6, Ezr 7. b. son of Abinadab 1 S 7:1. c. one of David's heroes 2 S 23:9, 1 Ch 11:12; ins. also 1 Ch 27:4 cf. Dr:Sm 280. d. a Levite 1 Ch 23:21, 23:22, 24:28. e. priest of the time of Ezra Ezr 8:33, Ne 12:42. f. one of the line of Parosh Ezr 10:25.

אֶלְעָלֵא, ‖אֶלְעָלֵה n.pr.loc. (God doth ascend?) of a village in the tribe of Reuben, near Heshbon, in ruins, el Aï‘l (vid. Rb:BR ii, 278) Nu 32:3, 3:37, Is 15:4, 16:9, Je 48:34.

אֶלְעָשָׂה n.pr.m. (God has made, cf. עֲשָׂהאֵל, יַעֲשִׂיאֵל etc.) a. descendant of Judah 1 Ch 2:39, 2:40. b. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:37, 9:43. c. of the line of Pashur Ezr 10:22. d. son of Shaphan Je 29:3.

אֶלְפֶּלֶט v. אֱלִיפֶלָט. p. 45

אֶלְפַּ֫עַל n.pr.m. (God of doing? cf. Ph. פעלאבסת); a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:11, 8:12, 8:18.

אֶלְחָפָן v. אֱלִיחָפָן. p. 45

אֶלְקָנָה n.pr.m. (God has created, or taken possession) a. father of Samuel 1 S 1–2 (8 t.) 1 Ch 6:12, 6:19. b. son of Korah Ex 6:24. c. a ruler in Jerusalem in the time of Ahaz 2 Ch 28:7. d. one of David's warriors 1 Ch 12:6. e. several Levites (a) 1 Ch 6:8, 6:10, 6:21. (β) v:11, v:20. (γ) 9:16 (δ) 15:23.

† II. אָלָה vb. swear, curse (cf. I. אלה ? so Thes Lag:Or ii. 3)—Qal Pf. 1 K 8:31 ( = 2 Ch 6:22 all Vrss Th Bö Bä Kp reading וְאָלָה); אָלִית Ju 17:2; Inf. abs. אָלֽה Ho 4:2; אָלוֹת Ho 10:4.

1. swear, take oath before God 1 K 8:31 ( = 2 Ch 6:22); in covenants Ho 4:2, 10:4 (falsely).

2. curse Ju 17:2. Hiph. Impf. וַיּאֶֹל 1 S 14:24; Inf. לְהַאֲלֽתוֹ 1 K 8:31 = 2 Ch 6:22 adjure, put under oath.

אָלָה n.f. oath Gn 26:28 +; sf. אָלָתִי, אָלָתוֹ Gn 24:11 + (4 t.); pl. אָלוֹת Dt 29:20 + (4 t).

1. oath in testimony Lv 5:1, Nu 5:21, 5:21 (P) Pr 29:24; בא באלה come into an oath Ne 10:30; הביא באלה bring into an oath Ez 17:13; נשׂא אלה 1 K 8:31 ( = 2 Ch 6:22).

2. oath of convenant Gn 24:41, 24:41, 26:28 (J) Dt 29:11, 29:13; בזה אלה despise an oath Ez 16:59, 17:16, 17:18, 17:19.

3. curse (a) from God Nu 5:23 (P) Dt 29:18, 29:19, 29:20, 30:7, 2 Ch 34:24, Is 24:6, Je 23:10, Dn 9:11, Zc 5:3; (b) from men Jb 31:30, Ps 10:7, 59:13.

4. execration in the phrase היה לאלה become an execration Nu 5:27 (P) Je 29:18, 42:18, 44:12.

תַּאֲלָה sf. תַּאֲלָֽתְךָ, n.f. curse La 3:65.

† III. [אָלָה] vb. wail (Aram. אֲלָא, ܐܶܠܳܐ) only Qal Imv. fs. אֱלִי Jo 1:8 (v. אַלְלַי).

אַלְיָה n.f. fat tail of sheep, still accounted a delicacy in the East; (Mish. id. Targum, אַלְיְתָה, אַלִּיתָא, etc.; Ar. أَلْيَة, cf. Fl:TWB i. 418 a) Ex 29:22, Lv 3:9, 7:3, 8:25 (all ‖חֵ֫לֶב); 9:19, prob. also 1 S 9:24 for הֶעָלָיהָ v. Gei Dr (cf. Tristram:Nat. Hist. Bib. ch. vi Ri:HWB Schafe Smith:Dict. Bib. Sheep).

47

אִלּוּ conj. (oft. in Mishnah; Aram. אִילּוּ, ܐܶܠܽܘ, 0lw from אִין, ܐܶܢ, and לוּ) if, though, only in late Heb., Ec 6:6, Est 7:4.

I. אֱלוּל n.pr. of 6th month, Aug.—Sept. Ne 6:15 (Mish. id., Pal. אלול, Vog:79, As. Ululu COT Ne 1:1, Ar. أَيْلُول, Aram. ܐܺܝܠܽܘܠܳܐ).

אָלוּשׁ n.pr.loc. a station of Israel in the wilderness Nu 23:13, 23:14.

† [אָלַח] vb. only Niph. be corrupt morally; tainted (Che Ps 14:3) (cf. Ar أَلَخَ VIII. be confused (of a thing), of milk, turn sour) Pf. 3pl. נֶאֱלָָחוּ Ps 14:3, 53:4; Pt. נֶאֱלָח a corrupt man Jb 15:16.

אֻלַיִ Gn 24:39 v. אוּלַי. p. 19

אֲלִישָׁה n.pr.loc. as son of Javan Gn 10:4, 1 Ch 1:7; אִיֵּי א׳ Ez 27:7 (Aeolis Josephus Jer Kn; H. Derenbourg:Meêlanges Graux, 235 f (Eng. trans. Hbr. Oct. 1887, 7); Hellas Targum:Jon etc., Len Orig. ii. 2. 34 f; Italy, with Sicily, cf. מְדִינַת אִיטַלְיָא Targum Ezek, Di Gn 10:4; Carthage = Elissa, Sta:De Populo Javan, 8 f; E. Meyer:Gesch. i. § 282; decision difficult; last view very attractive).

I. [אלל] (to be weak or insufficient, assumed in Thes as root of אֱלִיל (as also of אַל): cf. Ar. أَلَا to fail in a thing).

† II. אֱלוּל Je 14:14 Kt, i.q. אֱלִיל, q.v. below

אֱלִיל n.m. (etym. uncertain: most prob. akin to Syr. ܐܰܠܺܝܠ weak, feeble, poor; perh. also in usage [cf. b] felt to suggest אַל not; cf. Che on Is 2:8) insufficiency, worthlessness. a. Zc 11:17 רֹעִי הָאֱלִיל the shepherd of worthlessness = the worthless shepherd, Jb 13:4 רֹפְאֵי אֱלִל worthless physicians (‖טֹפְלֵי־שֶׁקֶר), Je 14:14 Qr concr. a thing nought (uttered by prophets), but here קֶסֶם אֱלִיל a worthless divin. (‖חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר, תַּרְמִית לִבָּם) should perh. be read (cf. Gf). b. esp. pl. אֱלִילִים concr. worthless gods, idols (cf. הֲבָלִים) (possibly orig. an indep. word = gods, cf. Sab. אלאלת, & v. Nö:SBAk 1882, p. 1191, but even if so, associated by the prophets with idea of worthlessness, & used by them in iron. contrast with אֵלִים, אֱלֽהִים) Lv 19:4 (not to be made) 26:1 (both H), Is 2:8, 2:18, 2:20, 2:20 (of silver & gold), 10:10 מַמְלְכוֹת הָאֱלִיל (coll.) kingdoms of idolatrous worthlessness, v:11, 19:1, 19:3 (of Egypt) 31:7, 31:7, Ez 30:13 (Egypt), Hb 2:18 אִלְּמִים א׳ dumb idols, Ps 96:5 ( = 1 Ch 16:26) all the gods of the nations are א׳ vain, worthless gods 97:7.

II. אלל (√ assumed for following words).

אַלָּה n.f. oak (cf. אַלּוֹן, but LXX here τερέμινθος) only Jos 24:26 the oak which is in the sanctuary of י׳; rd. however perh. אֵלָה, terebinth (v. I. אֵלָה).

אַלּוֹן n.m.:Gn 35:8 oak (LXX βάλανος, δρῦς, etc.)—א׳ abs. Gn 35:8 +; cstr. ib.; pl. אַלּוֹנִים Am 2:9, Ez 27:6; cstr. אַלּוֹנֵי Is 2:13, Zc 11:12; —as marking grave of Deborah, Rebekah's nurse Gn 35:8 (E); whence called oak of weeping, בָּכוּת א׳ ib. (v. Di ad loc., & sub אֵלוֹן p. 18); elsewhere only in prophets; as marking illicit shrines Ho 4:13 (‖לִבְנֶה, אֵלָה); as felled Is 6:13 (in sim.; ‖אֵלָה); as furnishing material for making idols Is 44:14 (‖אֶרֶז, תִּרְזָה, אֹרֶן); as sim. for strength (חסן) Am 2:9; also אַלּוֹנֵי הַבָּשָׁן Is 2:13 (as lofty & majestic), cf. Ez 27:6 (as strong, for making oars); Zc 11:2, metaph. of prominent men.

אַלּוֹן n.pr.m. (oak) a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:37 (on Jos 19:33 v. אֵלוֹן p. 18).

אַלַּמֶּלֶךְ n.pr.loc. in Asher ( = אַלַּת מֶלֶח? so Thes MV) Jos 19:26 (Baer אֲלַמּ׳).

אַלְלַי interj. (prob. onomatop.: cf. أَلَّ, אָלָה, ܐܶܠܳܐ to wail, ale: woe ! Di:718) alas ! woe ! sq. לִי to me Mi 7:l Jb 10:15.

† [אָלַם] vb. bind (perh. cf. As. [alāmu], almattu, fortress Dl in Zim:BP 114 & in BD Ezek.:xi; Ar. أَلِمَ be in pain, Aram. ܐܶܠܰܡ retain anger). Niph. (be bound = ) be dumb, Pf. 3 fs. נֶאֱלָָמָה Is 53:7; וְנֶאֱלַמְתָּ֫ Ez 3:26, etc.; Impf. 2 ms. תֵּאָלֵם Ez 24:27; 3 fpl. תֵּאָלַמְנָה Ps 31:19.—

1. be dumb, i.e. silent Ps 39:3 דוּמִיָּה נ׳ (‖הֶחֱשֵׁיתִי); cf. v:10 (‖לאֹ אֶפְתַּח־פִּי); sim. of sheep Is 53:7 (‖ id.); be dumb, i.e. unable to speak Ez 3:26 (result of וּלְשׁוֹנְךָ אַדְבִּיק אֶל־חִכָָּךָ) cf. 24:27 …יִפָּתַח פִּיךָ וּתְדַבֵּר וְלאֹ תֵאָלֵם עוֹד; 33:22 וַיִּפְתַּח פִּי וְלאֹ נֶאֱלַמְתִּי עוֹד; also Dn 10:15 (cf. v:16); be made dumb subj. שִׂפְתֵי שָָׁקֶר lying lips Ps 31:19 (‖יִדְּמוּ לִשְׁאוֹל v:18). Pi. Pt. bind Gn 37:7 (E) מְאַלְּמִים אֲלֻמִּים binding sheaves.

48

† [אֲלֻמָּה] n.f. sheaf, in Joseph's dream Gn 37:7, 37:7, 37:7, 37:7 (E) sq. sf. אֲלֻמָּתִי, pl. אֲלֻמִּים, אֲלֻמֹּתֵיכֶם; also Ps 126:6 אֲלֻמֹּתָיו (in fig. of ret. fr. captivity).

אֵ֫לֶם n.[m.] silence, Ps 56:1 (title) vid. Ol De, in name of melody עַל־יוֹנַת אֵלֶם רְחֹקִים; also Ps 58:2 (= adv. in silence ?) but rd. ם(י)אֵלִ Ol De Che, etc.

אִלֵּם adj. dumb, unable to speak; Ex 4:11 מִי שָׂם פֶּה לָֽאָדָם אוֹ מִי יָשׂוּם אִלֵּם; Is 56:10 כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים fig. of false proph.; of idols אֱלִילִים א׳ Hb 2:8; as subst. Pr 31:8, Ps 38:14, Is 35:6.

אֻלָּם v. III. אוּלָם p. 19.

אֵלָם v. אֵילָם sub II. אול. p. 19

אַלְמָן adj. forsaken, of Israel Je 51:5 (sq. מֵאֱלֽהִים).

אַלְמֹן n.[m.] widowhood, fig. of Babylon Is 47:9 (‖שְׁכוֹל, cf. v:9; vid. Ba:NB 59).

אַלְמָנָה:54 n.f. widow (Mish. id., As. almattu Dl in Zim:BP 114)—א׳ Gn 38:11 +; no cstr.; pl. אַלְמָנוֹת Ex 22:23 +; pl. sf. אַלְמְנוֹתָיו Jb 27:18, etc.—widow 1 K 17:20; אִשָּׁה אַ׳ 2 S 14:5 (‖וַיָּ֫מָת אִישִׁי) 1 K 7:14, 11:26, 17:9, 17:10; Gn 38:11 (J; living in father's house) cf. Lv 22:13 (H; ‖גְּרוּשָׁה); 21:14 (H), where widow forbidden as wife of h. p., like גְּרוּשָׁה, חֲלָלָה, זֹנָה cf. Ez 44:22, 44:22, 44:22 (id. of all priests, exc. widow of priest); Nu 30:10 (P; of widow's vow, ‖גְּרוּשָׁה ); נְשֵׁיכֶם אַלְמָנוֹת = ye shall be slain Ex 22:23 (‖בְּנֵיכֶם יְתֹמִים) cf. Ps 109:9, Je 15:8, 18:21, Ez 22:25, also La 5:3; (sim.); of those snatched away by pestilence אַלְמְנוֹתָיו לאֹ תִבְכֶּינָה Jb 27:15; by sword, id., Ps 78:64; LXX We rd. אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת 2 S 20:3 (v. אַלְמָנוּת infr.) of imprisoned concubines; fig. of Jerusalem La 1:1; Babylon Is 47:8; esp. widow as helpless, exposed to oppression & harsh treatment (oft. ‖יָתוֹם, & גֵּר); Is 1:23, 10:2, Jb 22:9, 24:3, 31:16, Ps 94:6, Mal 3:5; harshness forbidden, & care for them enjoined Ex 22:21 (E) Dt 14:29, 16:11, 16:14, 24:17, 24:19, 24:20, 24:21, 26:12, 26:13, 27:19, Is 1:17, Je 7:6, 22:3, Zc 7:10, cf. Jb 29:13; under esp. care of God Dt 10:18, Je 49:11, Pr 15:25, Ps 68:6, 146:9; once of severity of judgment in not sparing widow Is 9:16. (אַל׳ Is 13:22 vid. sub אַרְמוֹן; Ez 19:7 vid. ib. & also sub מעון.)

† [אַלְמָנוּת] n.f. widowhood (Mish. id., Ph. אלמת) sf. בִּגְדֵי אַלְמְנוּתָהּ her widow's garments Gn 38:14, 38:19; cstr. אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת 2 S 20:3 (of David's imprisoned concubines; but text impossible; LXX We אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת, cf. Dr; Klo thinks gloss); fig. of Jerusalem Is 54:4 אַלְמְנוּתַיִח.

אַלְמֹנִי adj. some one, a certain (name unspoken); מְקוֹם פְּלֽנִי א׳ 1 S 21:3, 2 K 6:8; א׳ פ׳ alone, of person, = such-an-one, so-and-so Ru 4:l.

אֶלָּסָר n.pr.loc. Ellasar Gn 14:1, 14:9 (= Bab. Larsa, mod. Senkereh, c. 28 miles NE. from Ur; cf. Loft:CS 240 f Dl:Pa 223 f Tiele:Gesch. i. 86, COT:ad loc.).

† I. [אָלַף] vb. learn (Ar. أَلِفَ keep, cleave to, become familiar with; Aram. אֲלַף, ܝܺܠܶܦ, learn, ܐܰܠܶܦ, Pa teach). Qal Impf. 2 ms. תֶּאֱלַף אֹרְחֹתָו֯ Pr 22:25; Pi. teach, sq. acc. יְאַלֵּף פִּיךָ Jb 15:5 (subj. עֲוֹנְךָ); so Pt. מַלְּפֵנוּ (for מְאַלְּ׳ Sta:§ lll, 3 Kö:1, 388 Ge:§ 68 fin., cf. Ew:§ 73 b) Jb 35:11; sq. 2 acc. אֲאַלֶּפְךָ חָכְמָה Jb 33:33.

† I. [ֶ֫ אלֶף] n.m.:Ps 8:8; only pl . cattle (Ph. אלף, As. alpu, COT:Gloss)—אֲלָפִים Pr 14:4, Is 30:24 used in tillage; subject to man Ps 8:8 (‖חֹנֶה); their increase שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ a blessing Dt 7:13, 28:4, 28:18, 28:51 (‖ all עַשְׁתִּרֹת חאֹנֶ֑ךָ).

I. אַלּוּף adj. tame—א׳ abs. Mi 7:5 +; cstr. Pr 2:17 +; sf. אַלּוּפֵי Ps 55:14; pl. אַלֻּפִים Je 13:21; sf. אַלֻּפֵינוּ Ps 144:14, etc.;—

1. tame, docile, כֶּבֶשׂ אַלּוּף a docile (gentle) lamb Je 11:19.

2. n.m. friend, intimate Ps 55:14 (‖מְיֻדָּע) Mi 7:5 (‖רֵעַ) Pr 16:28, 17:9, Je 13:21; of a woman's husband נְעוּרֶיהָ א׳ Pr 2:17; fig. of י׳ as husband of Judah, id., Je 3:4.

3. i. q. I. אֶלֶף; אַלּוּפֵינוּ מְסֻבָּלִים Ps 144:14 (i.e. cows).

II. אֶ֫לֶף n.m.:Ju 6:15 thousand (אלף MI, SI, Sab. DHM:ZMG 1875, 615; Ar. أَلْف, Aram. ܐܳܠܶܦ, אֲלַף, אלפיא)—א׳ (אָָ׳) Gn 20:16 +; sf. אַלְפִּי † Ju 6:15; du. אַלְפַּיִם Nu 4:36 +; pl. אֲלָפִים Ex 18:21 +; cstr. אַלְפֵי Ex 32:28 +; אֲלָפֶיךָ Dt 7:13 + 2 t.; אֲלָפָיו Qr 1 S 18:7 + 2 t. (Kt ־פו)—a thousand.

1. numeral: a. used with noun alone; mostly before noun Nu 35:4, Jos 7:3, Ne 3:13, 1 Ch 18:4 +; after noun (late) 1 Ch 12:35 + 6 t. Ch Ezr Ne; בָּאַפָּה א׳ Nu 35:5, 35:5, 35:5, 35:5, Ez 47:3 (del. Co); the noun always pl. when preceding, sometimes when following, 1 S 25:2, 1 K 3:4, 2 K 18:23 = Is 36:8, 2 Ch 30:24, Ps 90:4, Jb 42:12, Ec 6:6; elsewh. sg. אישׁ Ju 9:49, 15:15, 15:16, Jos 7:3 +; אַמָּה Nu 35:4 + (so SI); דּוֹר Dt 7:9 +, cf. 1 Ch 18:4, 19:6, 2 K 15:19, Jb 42:12, Ct 4:4, Is 7:23, noun sometimes coll.; א׳ pl. cstr. Mi 6:7, Ps 119:72, Gn 24:60; noun not expr. (or not fully) Gn 20:16, Nu 31:5, 31:6 +; distrib. אֶלֶף…אֶלֶף Nu 31:4; multipl. Dt 1:11 פְּעָמִים א׳; indef. for great no. (pl.) Ex 20:6, 34:7, Dt 5:10, Je 32:18, (sg.) Dt 32:30, Ec 6:6 +. b. א׳ + other num. usually precedes it Ex 38:25 + oft.; but foll. רִבּוֹא Ezr 2:64 + 2 t.; it follows also smaller no. Nu 3:50, 1 K 5:12 (so SI); the noun foll. in sg. Ex 28:25 + 8 t.; pl. 2 S 8:4 + 2 t.; noun precedes, in pl. (late) Dn 12:12 + 2 t.; noun not expr. Ex 38:28 + oft. c. א׳× other no. always foll. Ex 12:37 +; usual order is no. × א׳ + additional no. (if any) + noun (if expr.) Nu 31:52, Ju 20:35 cf. Ex 12:37, 2 K 3:4, 3:4 +; less oft. noun + no. × א׳ Nu 31:33, 1 K 8:63 +; (other combin. v. Ex 38:26, Nu 26:51, 31:32, Ex 48:30, 1 Ch 29:7 etc.); א׳ usually sg. Nu 11:21 +; exc. after units, where pl. abs. Nu 1:46, Ju 20:34 + (so MI); seld. pl. cstr. Ex 32:28, Ju 4:10, Jb 1:3, 1:3; (noun mostly sg. when foll. Ju 4:10, 1 K 12:21+, yet pl. Jos 4:13, 1 S 13:5 +; when preceding it is pl. 1 Ch 5:21 +, or coll. Nu 31:33, 1 S 25:2, 1 K 8:63, 2 Ch 7:5 +); אֶלֶף אֲלָפִים 1 Ch 21:5, 22:14, 2 Ch 14:8; אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָן Ps 68:18, cf. שִׁנְאָן; בְּהַרֲרֵי אָָלֶף Ps 50:10, rd. אֵל cf. Ps 36:7, Ol Bi Che; yet v. Hup De.—Note. 10,000 = עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים etc. Ju 1:4, 3:29, 1 K 5:28, 1 Ch 29:7 +; less oft. רִבּוֹ, רְבָבָה etc. q. v.

2. a thousand, a company of 1000 men, as united under one superior, or leader, hence שַׂר א׳ (שָׂרֵי) Ex 18:21, 18:25 cf. Nu 31:14 +; cf. יִשְׂרָאֵל רָאשֵׁי א׳ Nu 1:16, 10:4, Jos 22:21, 22:30 & v. infr.; cf. also 1 S 29:2; esp. family, etc. Ju 6:15, 1 S 10:19 (‖שֵׁבֶט & cf. מִשְׁפַּחַת v:21); cf. Mi 5:2; —Nu 10:36 (רִבְבוֹת אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל) 31:5, Jos 22:14, 1 S 23:23 apparently shew transit. to this technical use.

49

III. אֶ֫לֶף n.pr.loc. city in Benj., הָא׳ Jos 18:28; perh. Lifta NW. fr. Jerus. Survey:iii. 18 (cf. II. אֶלֶף 2 for prob. meaning).

II. אַלּוּף n.m.:1 Ch 1:51 chief, chiliarch (denom. fr. II. אֶלֶף v. Di Gn 36:15)—א׳ abs. Gn 36:15 +; pl. cstr. אַלּוּפֵי (אַלֻּפֵי) Ex 15:15 +; sf. אַלּוּפֵיהֶם Gn 36:19, 36:30chief (tribal) of Edom Gn 36:15 (5 t.) + 38 t. Gn 36 (P); Ex 15:15 (E) 1 Ch 1:51 (4 t.) + 9 t.; of Judah Zc 12:5, 12:6; so אַלֻּף 9:7 (in sim.)

† [אָלַץ] vb. Pi. urge (Aram. ܐܶܠܰܨ, Sam. 0ls.) 3 fs. וַתְּאַלֲחֵהוּ Ju 16:6 (‖הֵחִיקָה לוֹ בִדְבָרֶיהָ).

אַלְקוּם v. I. אַל. p. 39

אֶלְקוֹשִׁי adj. gent. c. art. Nahum the Elkoshite Na 1:1 (perhaps = from Elkosh, but locality unknown; identified by Jer:Comm. with a village Elcesi in Galilee; cf. also Capernaum (= כְּפַר נַחוּם ?); others (improbably) with an Elkosh on E. bank of Tigris, near Mosul).

אֶלְתְּקֵא, אֶלְתְּקֵה n.pr.loc. Levitical city in the tribe of Dan, between Ekron & Timna, As. Altaku (COT) Jos 19:44, 21:23.

אֶלְתְּקן n.pr.loc. a city in the tribe of Judah north of Hebron Jos 15:59.

אִם conj. (=Aram. ܐܶܢ if [and in ܐܶܠܳܐ, אֶלָּא = ܐܶܢ ܠܳܐ if not, except], Ar. اِنْ if [and in إِلَّا = ان لا if not, except], Eth. 0ma: (eámma) if = מָה + אִם (مَا + إِنْ) [and in 0l4: (allâ) if not, but], As. umma; also in Ar. أَمْ ‘ An ? ’ = أَ إِمْ, cf. הַאִם: v. Nö:M p. 208, ZMG 1886, p. 739; W:AG i. § 367 e)

1. hypoth. part. if. a. construction (v. more fully Dr:§ 136–138, 143 Friedrich:Die Hebr. Condit. sätze 1884): (1) with impf. (continued by pff. & waw consec.; apod. usually begins with pf. & waw consec. or bare impf.; or, if necess., with imper. or juss.) (a) of future time: Gn 18:26 אִם־אֶמְחָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc., 24:8, 32:9, Dt 19:8 f., 1 K 1:52 b, 6:12, Ps 89:31–33; Gn 42:37, Ju 13:16, 1 K 1:52 a, Ps 132:12. (b) of past time (rare, but classical): Gn 31:8 אִם יאֹמַר if everhe said…וְיָֽלְדִוּ then they used to bear, etc., Ex 40:37; & in the protestations Jb 31:7, 31:13, 31:16, 31:25 etc. (alternating with pff., v. infr., & with jussives in apod.) (c) assuming a purely imaginary case (with impf. in both clauses, like the double opt. in Greek), if, though: Gn 13:16 so that אִם־יוּכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָּנֶה might be numbered, Nu 22:18, Is 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים יַלְבִּינוּ אִם־יִהְיוּ ח׳ though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow, Am 9:2–4 אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheôl, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them, Ps 27:3, 139:8 +. (2) with pt. (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apod. as 1 a) Gn 24:42, 24:49, Ju 6:36, 9:15, 11:9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back…וְנָתַן י׳ then י׳ will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין Gn 44:26, Ex 22:2, 1 S 20:8, 23:23; & with no explicit copula Dt 22:2, 25:2, Lv 1:3, 1:14, etc. (3) with perf. (a) of fut. or pres. time (continued by pff. & waw consec.: apod. as 1 a) Gn 43:9 אִם־לאֹ הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלָיךָ וְהִצַּגְתִּיו לְפָנֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever, 47:6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשַׂמְתָּם then make them, etc., Ju 16:17, 2 S 15:33, 2 K 7:4, Ps 41:7, 94:18, Jb 7:4, 9:30 f., 10:14 אִם חָטָאתִי וּשְׁמַרְתָָּנִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִם־נָא Gn 18:3 al. v. נָא. (b) of past time, whether (a) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the pf. is here continued by the impf. and waw consec.; apod. begins as before). (a) Ju 9:16–19 עֲשִׂיתֶם…אִם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king…, 1 S 26:19; esp. in protestations, as Ps 7:4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זאת if I have done this…, let the enemy pursue my soul, etc. Je 33:25 f., Jb 31:5 f; 31:9, etc. (b) Nu 5:27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעֹל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc., 15:24, 35:22–24. (c) with bare pf. in apod., in sense of If ... had ..., only Dt 32:30 אִם־לאֹ כִּי were it not that ..., Ps 73:15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.) (4) with inf. once (si vera 1.) Jb 9:27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (lit. if (there is) my saying).—Note that the vb. following אִם is often strengthened by the inf. abs., as Ex 15:26, 19:5, 21:5, 22:3, 22:12, 22:16, 22:22, Ju 11:30, 14:12, 16:11 etc.; cf. Dr:Sm i. 20, 6.

b. Special uses: (1) repeated ... אִם אִם whether ... or (sive ... sive) Ex 19:13, Dt 18:3, 2 S 15:21; similarly וְאִם…אִם Gn 31:52, Je 42:6, Ez 2:5, Ec 11:3, 12:14 (cf. ܐܶܢ… ܐܶܢ, ܘܶܐܢ… ܐܢ* PS:250; وَاِنْ… إِنْ & وَاِمَّا… إِمَّا).

(2) After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of imprecation being omitted) becomes an emph. negative, and אִם־לאֹ an emph. affirmative: 2 S 11:11 by thy life אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (cf. the full phrases in 1 S 3:17, 2 K 6:31) Gn 14:23, 42:15, Nu 14:23, 1 S 3:14, 19:6, 2 K 2:2, 3:14 & oft.; Is 22:14, Ps 89:36, 95:11, Jb 6:28; אִם־לאֹ Nu 14:28, Jos 14:9, 1 K 20:23, 2 K 9:26, Is 5:9, 14:24, Je 15:11, 49:20, Jb 1:11 + esp. Ez; after a neg. clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, Gn 24:38 (where the expl. by Aram. אֶלָּא is not supported by Heb. usage), cf. Je 22:6. Repeated, וְאִם…אִם 2 S 20:20, 2 K 3:14, Is 62:8, Je 38:16; Ez 14:16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd ps.) = that not Gn 21:23, 26:29, 31:50, 1 S 24:22, 1 K 1:51, Ct 2:7, 3:5 +. Of past or present time: 1 S 25:34 as י׳ liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened ..., כִּי אִם נוֹתַר that surely there had not been left ...! 17:55 as thy soul liveth אִם־יָדַעְתִּי if I Know it! 1 K 17:12, 18:10—both אִם־יֵשׁ (כִּי here merely introduces the fact sworn to, & need not be translated; so 2 S 3:35: v. כִּי); Ps 121:2 אִם־לאֹ (after a neg. clause: cf. supr. Gn 24:38). Cf. Str:§ 90.

(3) Part, of wishing, if but ...! oh that ...! (rare) Ps 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! 95:7, 139:19, Pr 24:11. Cf. Ex 32:32. With an imv. (si vera l.) Jb 34:16 וְאִם־בִּֽינָה; and with an anacoluthon, Gn 23:13 (P) אִם־אַתָּה לוּ שְׁמָעֵנִי if thou!—oh that thou wouldst hear me!

(4) Nearly = when— with the pf.: (a) of past, Gn 38:9, Nu 21:9 וְרָאָה…וְהָיָה אִם־נָשַׁךְ and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Ju 6:3, Ps 78:34 (v. Dr:§ 136 δ Obs.); Am 7:2. (b) of pres. or fut., Is 4:4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, 24:13, 28:25; cf. Nu 36:4 (with the impf.)

c. Compounded with other particles:—(a) בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, † Gn 47:18, Ju 7:14, Am 3:3, 3:4. (β) הֲלוֹא אִם2 K 20:19 (for which Is 39:7 has sim-ply כִּי), perh. Is it not (good), if ...? (De Di). (γ) כִּי־אִם, q.v. (δ) עַד אִםGn 24:19, 24:33, Is 30:17, Ru 2:21, & עַד אֲשֶׁר אִםGn 28:15, Nu 32:17, Is 6:11, until, prop. until if or when. (ε) רַק אִם if only (v. sub רַק). אִם־לאֹ in Ez 3:6 b is very difficult. The Vrss render If I had sent, etc., implying לֻא for אִם־לאֹ (for Ew's אִם־לֻא = אִלּוּ, q.v., is precarious): Ges Hi Co ‘but (אִם־לאֹ after a neg., cf. supr. Gn 24:38, Ps 131:2) unto them (Isr.) have I sent thee: they can understand thee’ (but understand is a dub. rendering of שָׁמַע אֶל).

2. Interrog.part. a. in direct qu.: (a) alone (not freq. and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, esp. in a rhet. style): Gn 38:17, 1 K 1:27; Ju 5:8 מָגֵן אִם־יֵרָאֶה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear ...? Is 29:16; and repeated Am 3:6, Je 48:27, Jb 6:12. (b) more freq. in disjunctive interrogation: (a) אִם…הֲ , expressing a real alternative Jos 5:13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִם־לְחָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Ju 9:2, 1 K 22:6, 22:15: more oft. expressing a merely formal alternative, esp. in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) Gn 37:8, Nu 11:12, 11:22, Ju 11:25 b, 2 S 19:36, Is 10:15, 66:8, Je 3:5, Hb 3:8, Ps 77:10, 78:20, Jb 4:17, 6:5, 6:6, 10:4, 10:5, 11:7 etc. (β) וְאִם…הֲ (rarer than אִם…הֲ , but similar in use) 2 S 24:13 (a real alt.); Is 49:24, 50:2, Je 5:9 (v:29 אִם) 14:22, Jo 1:2, 4:4, Jb 8:3, 11:2, 21:4, 22:3, 34:17, 40:8 f. (formal); Gn 17:17 P (with an anacol.) shall a child ...? וְאִם־שָׂרָה הֲבַת־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה תֵּלֵד or Sarah,—shall she that is 90 years old bear? Pr 27:24 (וְאִם after neg. clause), b. in oblique interrogation, if, whether: (a) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 K 1:2, Je 5:1, 30:6, Mal 3:10, Ps 139:24, Ct 7:13, La 1:12, Ezr 2:59; once מִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if ...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Est 4:14 (older syn. מִי יוֹדֵעַ alone: see 2 S 12:22, Jo 2:14, Jon 3:9). (b) disjunctively אִם…הֲ Gn 27:21, Nu 13:18–20; so וְאִם…אִם Jos 24:15. c. compounded with הֲ, הַאִםNu 17:28 הַאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֹעַ prob. an emph. Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Jb 6:13 difficult: perh. Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait) ? (The view that הַאִם = הֲלאֹ nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)

51

אֵם v. אמס. Below

אַמָּה, אֻמָּה v. אמס. p. 52

אמה (assumed as √ of foll., which how-ever prob. bilit. cf. Sta:§ 188; vid. also Lag:BN 82).

אָמָה n.f. maid, handmaid (Ph. אמת, Ar. أَمَةُ, Sab. אמת in n.pr. Sab. Denkm.:20, Aram. ܐܰܡܬܳܐ, As. amtu Zim:BP 67)—א׳ abs. Gn 21:10 +; sf. אֲמָתִי Gn 30:3 +, etc.; pl. abs. אֲמָהֹת Gn 31:33, 2 S 6:22; cstr. אַמְהוֹת 2 S 6:20; אַמְהֹתַי Jb 19:5 etc.—maid, handmaid.

1. lit. maidservant (= שִׁפְחָה q,v., wh. however sometimes more servile; rarely P in Hex) Gn 30:3, 31:33 (‖שִׁפְחָה 29:24, 29:29 P 30:4 f. J etc.) Ex 2:5 (all E); 2 S 6:20, 6:22, Jb 19:15, Na 2:8 (sf. refers to mistress, exc. Jb 19:15 cf. 2 S 6:20, 6:22); in legisl. (‖עֶבֶד) Ex 20:10, 20:17, 21:20, 21:26, 21:27, 21:32 (all E) Lv 25:6, 25:44, 25:44 (H) Dt 5:14, 5:14, 5:18, 12:12, 12:18, 15:17 (cf. v. 12) 16:11, 16:14; cf. also Jb 31:13, Ezr 2:65, Ne 7:67; applied to concubine (sf. of master) Gn 20:17, 21:12, Ex 23:12 (all E) Ju 9:18, 19:19; also Gn 21:10, 21:10, 21:13 (16:1 f. P שִׁפְחָה q.v.) Ex 21:7 (all E), vid. on this Sta:Gesch i: p. 380.

2. fig. in address, אֲמָֽתְךָ etc., referring to speaker, in token of humility; Ru 3:9, 3:9 (‖שׁפחה 2:13) 1 S 1:16 (‖ id. v:18) 25:24, 25:24, 25:25, 25:28, 25:31, 25:41 (‖ id. v:27) 2 S 14:15, 14:16 (‖ id. v:6; v:7; v:12; v:15; v:17; v:19); 20:17; 1 K 1:13, 1:17, 3:20, in addressing God (never שׁפחה) 1 S 1:11, 1:11, 1:11, cf. בֶּן־א׳ Ps 86:16, 116:16.

† I. אָמוֹן n.pr. Amon, an Egyptian god Na 3:8, Je 46:25, comp. by Greeks with Zeus (Herod.: ii. 42; Diod.:i. 13), ̓Αμμῶν. He was originally the local deity of Thebes (= נאֹ, called נאֹ אָמוֹן Na 3:8, cf. מִנּאֹ א׳ Je 46:25), but subsequently became the supreme god of the Egyptian Pantheon, the successor of the sun-god Ra and so-called Amon Ra. He was the secret god, who hid himself and was difficult to find (Amon = concealment, hidden); v. Rawl.:Hist, Anc. Egypt, i. 322 Ebers Ri:HWB. (II. III. אָמוֹן v. p. 54.)

אָמִי n.pr.m. Ezr 2:57 = III. אָמוֹן Ne 7:59.

† [אָמַל] vb. be weak, languish (cf. Ar. أَمَلَ hope, expect). Qal Pt. pass. f. מָה אֲמֻלָה לִכָּתֵךְ how weak is thy heart! Ez 16:30 (but < Co מַה־לִּי וְלִבְרִיתֵח); Pu‰‘l. Pf. אֻמְלַל Jo 1:10 +; אֻמְלְלָה Is 33:9 +; אֻמְלְלוּ Je 14:2 etc.;—be or grow feeble, languish; of loss of fertility (woman) 1 S 2:5, Je 15:19; of fisherman whose trade fails Is 19:8אנה, אבל); in genl. of inhab. of smitten land Ho 4:3 (‖תֶּאֱבַל הָאָרֶץ); Is 24:4 cf. infr. usually subj. inanim., personif.; שַׁדְמוֹת חֶשְׁבּוֹן Is 16:8; cf. Na 1:4, 1:4; תֵּבֵל Is 24:4 (‖נבל, אבל); אֶרֶץ 33:9 (‖אבל); subj. גֶּפֶן Is 24:7 (‖אָבַל תִּירוֹשׁ; יִצְּהָר Jo 1:10 (‖שׁדד, אבל, הובישׁ; kindred subj.); תְּאֵנָה v:12 (‖הַגֶּפֶן הוֹבִישָׁה); שְׁעָרִים Je 14:2 (‖אָֽבְלָה יְהוּדָה); cf. La 2:8 וַיַּאֲבֶל־חֵל וְחוֹמָה יַחְדָּו אֻמְלָָלוּ.

† [אֲמֵלָל] adj. feeble (Mish. id.; on formation cf. Ew:§ 157 b Sta:§ 232); הַיְּהוּדִים הָאֲמֵלָלִים Ne 3:34.

אֻמְלַל adj. id. (Ew:ib. Sta:§ 230); אָ֫נִי א׳ Ps 6:3 (‖נִבְהֲלוּ עֲחָמָָי).

I. אמם (perh. be wide, roomy, As. [amāmu whence ummu, womb, mother = אֵם cf. Dl:Pr 109; but אֵם n.prim. acc. to Thes Sta:§ 189 b Lag:BN 22).

אֵם:221 n.f. mother (Ph. אם, Ar. أَمَّ, إِمَّ Eth. 0m:, Sab. אם (only in n.pr. cf. e. g. Bae:Rel 118) As. ummu COT:Gloss; Aram. אֵם, אִימָּא, ܐܶܡܳܐ)—א׳ abs. Gn 32:12 +; cstr. Gn 3:20 +; sf. אִמִּי Gn 20:12 + etc.; † pl. only sf. אִמֹּתֵנוּ La 5:3; אִמֹּתָם Je 16:3, La 2:12, 2:12; —

1. lit. (human) mother, as parent Gn 20:12, 32:12, 44:20, Ex 2:8, Ps 51:7, 113:9 ( opp. עֲקֶרֶת) Je 15:8, 15:10, 20:14, 22:26, 50:12, 1 Ch 4:9, Ct 6:9, 8:5 +; hence of Eve אֵם כָּל־חָָי Gn 3:20; poet. of birth, יָחָא מִבֶּטֶן אֵם Jb 1:21, Ec 5:14; יָחָא מֵרֶחֶם אֵם Nu 12:12 cf. Ps 139:13 (Je 20:18 &) מִמְּעֵי אִמִּי גּוֹוִי Ps 71:6 (subj. י׳, cf. גחה 22:10; > גּוֹוִי = my benefactor fr. birth Thes Ew Hup Pe); also וַתְּהִי אִמִּי קִבְרִי Je 20:17; מִבֶּטֶן אֵם = fr. earliest existence Ju 16:17, Jb 31:18, Ps 22:11; so מִמְּעֵי אֵם Is 49:1; as giving suck Ct 8:1 (שְׁדֵי אֵם) Ps 22:10 cf. 131:2 (v. Ex 2:9 cf. v:8); as exercising authority Gn 21:21, 24:28, 27:11, 27:13, 27:14, Ju 17:2 f, Ru 1:8, Ct 3:4, 8:2 etc.; esp. of queen-mother as possessing dignity & influence 1 K 1:11, 2:13, 2:19, 2:20, 2 Ch 22:2, 22:3, Ct 3:11, Pr 31:1; cf. names of mo-thers of kings of Judah 1 K 14:21, 14:31, 15:2, 15:10, 15:13 +; as shewing love & care 1 S 2:19, 1 K 3:27, 17:23, 2 K 4:30, Is 66:13 (sim. of י׳'s comforting his people; cf. also Gn 27:45); as beloved & lamented 1 K 19:20 (‖אָב) Gn 24:67, Ps 35:14; בֶּן־אִמּוֹ = own (uterine) brother Gn 43:29; & ‖אָח Gn 27:29, Dt 13:7, Ju 8:19, Ps 50:20, 69:9, Ct 1:6 cf., 8:1; so בַּת־אִמּוֹ Lv 18:9, 20:17, Dt 27:22 (‖בַּת־אָבִיו) Gn 20:12; oft. with אָב, as parentes Je 16:3 Zc 13:3; 13:3 Is 8:4; as rightfully claiming honour, authority, etc., cf. supr., Gn 28:7 (P) cf. 37:10 (E) Ju 14:2 f, so in precept Pr 1:8, 6:20, 10:1, 15:20 etc. cf. Ez 22:7; laws enjoining these Ex 20:12 = Dt 5:16, Lv 19:3 cf. Dt 22:15; laws prohib. contrary Ex 21:15, 21:17 (E) Lv 20:9, 20:9 (H) Dt 21:18, 21:19, 27:16; laws as to mourning for Lv 21:2, 21:11 (H) Nu 6:7 (P) cf. Je 16:7, Ez 44:25; left for wife Gn 2:24; for mother-in-law Ru 2:24; for husband Dt 21:13 (law for captive women); cf. Dt 33:9 (of devoted service of Levites); loving, caring for children Pr 4:3 (on the opposite cf. Ps 27:10); loved, cared for Jos 2:13 cf. v:18, 6:23. 1 S 22:3, 1 K 19:20 cf. 2 S 19:38. †

2. fig. of Deborah as caring for her people אֵס בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל Ju 5:7 (cf. אָב Is 22:21, Jb 29:16); so of a city 2 S 20:19 (‘stock, race, community’ RS:K 28 cf.:Proph. iv. n 8); of Israel Ho 2:4, 2:7, 4:5 cf. 10:14; of Judah Is 50:1, 50:1; of Hittite as mother of Jerusalem אָבִיךְ הָאֱמֹרִי וְאִמֵּךְ חִתִּית Ez 16:3, 16:45 cf. v:44; v:45; also 19:2, 19:10 & vid. 23:2. †

3. of animals, dam Ex 22:29 (of ox & sheep) Lv 22:27 (of bullock, sheep, or goat); Ex 23:19 = 34:26 = Dt 14:21 (of kid); mother-bird Dt 22:6, 22:6, 22:7; fig. Jb 17:14 :לַשַּׁחַת קָרָאתִי אָבִי אָָתָּה אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָרִמָּֽה . †

4. = point of departure or division אֵם הַדֶּרֶךְ Ez 21:26. (‖ראֹשׁ שְׁנֵי הַדְּרָכִים).

52

† I. אַמָּה n.f. only mother-city, metropolis (cf. אֵם 2 S 20:19 & Ph.); in phrase מֶתֶג הָאַמָּה authority of mother-city 2 S 8:1; v. מֶתֶג; c.f. Dr.

II. אַמָּה:246 n.f. ell, cubit (SI אמה; so Sab. DHM:ZMG 1865, 613; Aram. ܐܰܡܳܐ, אַמָּא; As. ammatu Nor:280; Eth. 0mat: etym. dub.; Thes al. mater brachii, i.e. length of fore-arm; others der. fr. √ אמם, أَمَّ precede, be in front, & hence fore-arm cf. Di Is 6:4; Dl:Pr 109 MV der. imme-diately from √אמם be wide (v. supr.), אַמָּה = distance, & hence a particular distance, ell, cubit)—א׳ abs. Gn 6:15 +; cstr. אַמַּת Dt 3:11, Je 51:13; du. אַמָּתַיִם Ex 25:10 +; pl. אַמּוֹת Ex 26:16 +;—

1. cubit, so אַמַּת־אִישׁ i.e. ordinary cubit, Dt 3:11 (cf. Is 8:1); in Ez 40:5, 43:13 is a cubit one hand-breadth longer, cf. 2 Ch 3:3 בַּמִּחָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה א׳; absol. length dub., cf. Smith:Dict. Bib., art. Weights and Measures; Lepsius:Längenmaasse der Alten, SBAk 1883,1195 f. identif. with Egyptian, longer cubit. 525m., shorter .450m.; v. also Id.:Bab.-Assyr. Längenmaasse 1877; MBAk 1877, 741 Oppert:GGA 1878, 1055; Rev. d'Assyr. i. 124 (also on the Bab. ‘half-cubit’ = .270 m. Hpt:AJPh 1888, 419 Hom:Semiten i. 501); on אַצִּילָה א׳ Ez 41:8 cf. Sm & Co (Co del.); חֲמֵשׁ אמות קָנִים Ez 42:16 Kt, rd. מֵאוֹת so Qr Co; chiefly in Ex 25–27, 36–38 (56 t.) 1 K 6, 7 (45 t.) 2 Ch 3, 4 (21 t.) Ez 40–43 (86 t.); a (one) cubit = אַמָּה Gn 6:16, Ex 25:10, 25:23 +; הָאַמָּה Ez 43:14; אַחַת א׳ Ez 40:12, 40:12, 40:42, 40:42, 40:42, 42:4, 43:14; two cubits = אַמָּתַיִם Ex 25:10, 25:17, 25:23, 30:2, 37:1, 37:6, 37:10, 37:25, Nu 11:31; שְׁתַּיִם אַמּוֹת Ez 40:9, 41:3, 41:22, 43:14; c. num. 1–10 א׳ mostly follows num. in pl. Ex 26:16, 27:1, 27:1, 27:1, 1 K 6:10, Ez 40:5, 40:7, 40:9 +; c. num. 11–1000 +, it mostly foll. num. in sing. Gn 6:15, 6:15, 6:15, Ex 27:12, 27:13, 38:13, 38:14, 38:15, Nu 35:4, Jos 3:4, 1 K 6:2, 6:2, 6:3, 7:15, 7:15, Je 52:21, 52:22, Ez 40:49, 40:49 +; seld. foll, in pl. Ez 40:11 (del. Co) v:27 (Co sg.) 42:2; so also עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת Ez 40:13, 40:29 but חָמֵשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה Ez 40:25, 40:30, 40:33, 40:36; (late) also in pl. precedes all num. 2 Ch 3:3, 3:3, 3:4, 3:8, 3:8 +; 6:13, Ez 42:2, also oft. בָּאַמָּה foll. all num. Ex 26:2, 26:2, 26:8, 26:8, 27:9, 27:18, 36:9, 36:9, 36:15, 36:15, 36:21, Nu 35:5, 35:5, 35:5, 35:5, 1 K 6:6, 6:6, 6:6, 7:23, 7:23, 7:23, 2 Ch 4:2, 4:2, 4:2, Ez 40:21, 47:3, Zc 5:2, 5:2 +, cf. לְאַמּוֹת חָמֵשׁ 2 Ch 3:11; oft. וַחֲחִי א׳ Ex 25:10, 25:10, 25:10, 25:17, 25:17 +, also וַחֲחִי הָא׳ א׳ Ex 26:16, 36:21, not found1 K 17:31, not found17:32, not found17:35 etc.; cf. שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת וָזָרֶָת 1 S 17:4; sq. בַּמִּדָּה in measurement Jos 3:4, 2 Ch 3:3.

2.measure, full measure, limit, only אַמַּת בִּחְעֵךְ the measure of thy gain-making Je 51:13 (‖קִצֵּךְ).

†III. [אַמָּה] n.f. (etym. & mng. dub.; Thes foundation (cf. Talm. AW), fr. אֵם in metaph. sense, cf. MV; De on Is 6:4 der. similarly, but makes support of superliminaria (cf. LXX SyrVer Vulgate); Ew Di der. fr. √ אמם = أَمَّ precede, whence إِمَْمُ front; Dl:Pr 110 tr. holder fr. √ אמם be wide, hence contain, hold) only אַמּוֹת הַסִּפִּים Is 6:4.

†IV. אַמָּה n.pr.loc. hill near Gibeon, גִּבְעַת־אַמָּה 2 S 2:24.

[† אֻמָּה] n.f. tribe, people (Ar. أُمَّةُ; As. ummatu cf. Jen:Kosmol. 336, Aram. ܐܽܡܬܳܐ, אוּמָּא) only pl. אֻמּוֹת Nu 25:15; אֻמִּים Ps 117:1; sf. אֻמֹּתָם Gn 25:16; —of tribes of Ishmaelites Gn 25:16; of Midian (‖בֵּית־אָב) Nu 25:15; ‖גּוֹיִם Ps 117:1.

אֲמָם n.pr.loc. in southern Judah Jos 15:26 (LXXL ̓Αμαμ, so A, but B Σην).

†I. [אָמַן] vb. confirm, support (cf. Ar. أَمِنَ, etc., v. infr.; Sab. אמן in deriv. & n.pr. cf. CIS:iv. 1, 10 DHM:ZMG 1885,598; Aram. אֲמַן, ܐܡܢ in Haph. Eth. 0mna: As. in deriv.)—only Qal Pt. אֹמֵן—1. as vb. support, nourish 2 K 10:1, 10:5, Est 2:7, 2. as subst. foster-father Nu 11:12 (J) Is 49:23. 3. אֹמֶנֶת foster-mother, nurse Ru 4:16, 2 S 4:4. 4. אֹמְנוֹת pillars, supporters of the door 2 K 18:16. Pt. pass. a. הָאֱמֻנִים those brought up (in scarlet) La 4:5. b. אֱמוּנִים intrans. faithful (as firm, stable) as subst. m. faithful ones Ps 12:2 (> LXX SyrVer al. faithfulness) 2 S 20:19 (cf. Ar. أَمُنَ be faithful, أَمَنَ trust in, أَمِنَ be secure); Ps 31:24 faithful ones י׳ Keepeth, אֱמוּנִים נֹחֵר י׳; but א׳ is here taken by LXX Ri De Che as n. abstr. v. אֵמֻן. Niph. נֶאֱמַן Pr 11:13 + (6 t); Impf. יֵאָמֵן, יֵאָ֫מֶן 1 K 8:26 + (9 t.); Pt. נֶאֱמָן Pr 25:13 + ( 16 t. ) נֶאֱמָנָה Is 1:21 + ( 4 t.); נֶאֱמֶנֶת Ps 89:29; נֶאֱמָנִים Pr 27:6 + (9 t.); נֶאֱמָנוֹת Dt 28:59. 1. carried by a nurse Is 60:4. 2. made firm, sure, lasting: place Is 22:23, 22:25; name 1 Ch 17:24; waters Is 33:16, Je 15:18; an event Ho 5:9; sickness Dt 28:59; mercy Is 55:3. 3. confirmed, established, sure: kingdom 2 S 7:16; house, dynasty 1 S 2:35, 25:28, 1 K 11:38, 1 Ch 17:23; prophet Samuel 1 S 3:20; cf. word-play אִם לֽא תַאֲמִינוּ לאֹ תֵאָמֵנוּ = if ye believe not (have not firm confidence) ye will not be confirmed Is 7:9; וְתֵאָמֵנוּ הַאֲמִינוּ בי׳ = believe in Yahweh and ye will be confirmed 2 Ch 20:20. 4. verified, confirmed: words of God 1 K 8:26, 2 Ch 1:9, 6:17; his precepts Ps 111:7; testimonies Ps 19:8, 93:5; covenant Ps 89:29; words of men Gn 42:20 (E). 5. reliable, faithful, trusty: persons 1 S 2:35, 22:14, Jb 12:20, Ps 89:38, 101:6, Pr 25:13, Is 8:2, Ne 13:13; a city Is 1:21; האל הנאמן the faithful God Dt 7:9 cf. Is 49:7; נֶאֱמַן רוּחַ faithful in spirit (disposition) Pr 11:13; לְבָבוֹ נֶאֱמָן his heart faith-ful Ne 9:8; עֵד אֱמֶת וְנֶאֱמָן true and faithful witness Je 42:5; נאמניס פחעי אוהב faithful the wounds of a loving one Pr 27:6; c. נֵת Ps 78:8; עִם Ho 12:1; בְּ of thing Ps 78:37; בְּכָל־בֵּיתִי in all my house (of Moses) Nu 12:7 (E). Hiph. הֶאֱמִין Gn 45:26 + (18 t.); Impf. יַאֲמִין, יַאֲמֵן Jb 15:31 + (30 t.); Imv. הַאֲמִינן 2 Ch 20:20 + (2 t.); Pt. מַאֲמִין Dt 1:32, Jos 25:16. 1.stand firm Jb 39:24 (c. neg. of the horse when the trumpet sounds Di De MV RVm; but neither believeth RV, hardly trusts Da). 2. trust, believe: (a) abs. Ex 4:31 (J) Is 7:9, 28:16, Hb 1:5, Ps 116:10, Jb 29:24; (b) with ל of person, trust to, believe Gn 45:26 (E) Ex 4:1, 4:8 (J) Je 40:14, 2 Ch 32:15; with God Dt 9:23, Is 43:10; ל of thing Ex 4:8, 4:9 (J) Ps 106:24, 1 K 10:7, 2 Ch 9:6, Is 53:1, Pr 14:15; (c) with ב of person, trust in, believe in Ex 19:9 (J) 1 S 27:12, 2 Ch 20:20, Jb 4:18, 15:15, Pr 26:25, Je 12:6, Mi 7:5; the usual construction with God Gn 15:6 (E) Ex 14:31, Nu 14:11 (J) 20:12 (P) Dt 1:32, 2 K 17:14, 2 Ch 20:20, Ps 78:22, Jon 3:5; with ב of thing Dt 28:66, Jb 15:31, 24:22, 39:12, Ps 78:32, 106:12, 119:66; (d) with בִּי trust or believe that Ex 4:5 (J) Jb 9:16, La 4:12; (e) so with infin. Jb 15:22, Ps 27:13; also trust to do a thing, almost = allow, Ju 11:20.

53

אֹ֫מֶן n.[m.] faithfulness; אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן perfect faithfulness (faithfulness, faithfulness) Is 25:1.

אָמֵן adv. verily, truly Dt 27:15, 27:26 (12 t.) 1 K 1:36, Ne 5:13, Je 11:5, 28:6 & doxologies 1 Ch 16:36 ( = Ps 106:48); אָמֵן (ו)אָמֵן Nu 5:22 (P) Ne 8:6, & in the doxologies Ps 41:14, 72:19, 89:53, 106:48. ἀμήν = Amen: אֱלֽהֵי אָמֵן Is 65:16, 65:16 God of Amen De Che RVm; cf. Rev 3:14, or God of faithfulness, God of truth (RV) (perh. rd. אֹמֶן Che Di).

אָמָּן (ommān) n.m. master-workman, artist Ct 7:2 (Mish. Talm. אוּמָן, אוּמָנוּת handiwork, Syr. ܐܝܡܳܢ SyrVer Ex 28:11, where = Heb. חָרָשׁ & is likewise used of gems; Nab. אמנא Vog:94, As. mar ummâni,Lyon:Sargontexte 65, cf. Zim:BP 12; cf. II. אָמוֹן).

אֵמֻן n.[m.] trusting, faithfulness (on format, cf. Ges:§ 84 a R. 12). 1.

1. בָּנִיס לאֹ אֵמֻן בָּם children in whom there is no trusting Dt 32:20 (poet.) 2. אֱמוּנִים pl. abst. faithfulness; חִיר א׳ messenger of faithfulness, trusty messenger Pr 13:17; עֵד א׳ faithful witness Pr 14:5; cf. אִישׁ א׳ Pr 20:6; שֹׁמֵר א׳ keeping faithfulness Is 26:2, perh. also Ps 31:24 נחד א׳ v. I. [אָמַן].

אֱמוּנָה n.f. firmness, steadfastness, fidelity Ex 17:12 + 46 t.; אֱמוּנוֹת Pr 28:20.

1. lit. firmness, steadiness: Ex 17:12 וַיְהִי יָדָיו א׳ his hands were steadiness (i.e. steady). 2. stead-fastness, אֱמוּנַת עִתֶּיךָ steadfastness of thy times Is 33:6. 3. faithfulness, trust: a. of human conduct Ps 37:3, Pr 12:22, Je 5:3, 7:28, 9:2, 2 K 12:16; in office 2 K 22:7, 2 Ch 19:9, 31:12, 34:12; (על) בֶּאֱמוּנָה in trust (over) 1 Ch 9:22, 9:26, 9:31, 2 Ch 31:15, 31:18; דֶּרֶח א׳ Ps 119:30; אִישׁ אֱמוּנוֹת man of great faithfulness Pr 28:20; associated with חֶדֶק in human character יַגִּיד חֶדֶק יָפִיחַ א׳ who breatheth out faithfulness sheweth forth righteousness Pr 12:17; cf.1 S 26:23, Is 59:4, Je 5:1; חַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness liveth Hb 2:4 (> faith Luth AV RV). b. as a divine attribute Ps 88:12, 89:2, 89:3, 89:6, 89:9, Is 25:1, Ho 2:22, La 3:21; אֵל אֱמוּנָה Dt 32:4; his faithfulness is shewn in his works Ps 33:4; commands Ps 119:86; in affliction Ps 119:75; in his oath to David Ps 89:50. it reacheth unto the skies Ps 36:6; unto all generations Ps 100:5, 119:90; he will not belie it Ps 89:34. It is אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן Is 25:1; cf. אֱמוּנָה מְאֹד Ps 119:138. It is closely associated with the divine חֶסֶד mercy Ps 89:25, 92:3, 98:3, Ho 2:22; with the divine חדֶק, חְדָקָה Ps 96:13, 143:1, Is 11:5; & salvation Ps 40:11.

אָמְנָה n.f. bringing up, nourishment, Est 2:20.

אָמְנָה adv. (fr. אֹמֶן by affix הָ) verily, truly, indeed Gn 20:12 (E) Jos 7:20 (JE).

אֲמָנָה n.f. faith, support.

1. אֲנַחְנוּ כֹּרְתִים אֲמָנָה we are plighting faith (make a sure covenant AV RV) Ne 10:1.

2. עַל המ׳ א׳ support, fixed provision, for the singers Ne 11:23.

אֲמָנָה n.pr.fl. 1. a river (constant ? cf. Is 33:16) flowing down from Antilebanon into the plain of Damascus 2 K 5:12 (Qr; אֲבָנָה Kt), the Gr. Chrysorrhoas, mod. Ar. Nahr Baradâ. 2. the region from which it flows Ct 4:8.

אֻמְנָם adv. (fr. אֹמֶן by aff. סָ) verily, truly, indeed, always in interrog. Gn 18:13 (J), elsewh. הַאֻמְנָס Nu 22:37 (E) 1 K 8:27, 2 Ch 6:18, Ps 58:2.

אָמְנָם adv. (= אֻמְנָס) verily, truly, in asseverations 2 K 19:17 (= Is 37:18) Jb 19:4, 19:5, 34:12, 36:4, Ru 3:12, also ironical Jb 9:2, 12:2.

54

אֱמֶת n.f. firmness, faithfulness, truth (contr. for אֱמֶנֶת fr. אָמֵן) Gn 24:48 + 106 t.; sf. אֲמִתּוֹ, אֲמִתְּךָ Ps 91:4 + 18 t.

1. reliability, sureness: דֶּרֶח אֱמֶת sure way Gn 24:48 (J); שׂכר אמת sure reward Pr 11:18; אות אמתּ sure token Jos 2:12 (J); זֶרַע אמת Je 2:21.

2. stability, con-tinuance: שָׁלוֹם וֶאֱמֶת peace and stability Is 39:8 (= 2 K 20:19) Est 9:30, Je 33:6, Zc 8:19, cf. שׁלום אמת Je 14:13.

3. faithfulness, reliableness: (α) of men אִישׁ אֱמֶת faithful man Ne 7:2; אנשׁי אמת Ex 18:21 (E); הָלַח בֶּאֱמֶת walk in faithfulness, faithfully 1 K 2:4, 3:6, 2 K 20:3, Is 38:3 cf. 1 S 12:24; of י׳, בַּאֲמִתֶָּךָ Ps 25:5, 26:3, 86:11; עיר האמת Zc 8:3; of men Ps 45:5, 51:8, 2 Ch 31:20, 32:1, Pr 29:14, Is 10:20, 42:3, 48:1; ובתמים בא׳ Ju 9:16, 9:19, Jos 24:14; חֶסֶד וֶאֱ׳ mercy and faithfulness Pr 3:3, 14:22, 16:6, 20:28, Ho 4:1, & the phrase עשׂה חסד ואמת Gn 24:49, 47:29, Jos 2:14 (J) 2 S 15:20. (b) an attribute of God Ps 54:7, 71:22, Is 38:18, 38:19, 61:8; נתן אמת Mi 7:20; עשׂה אמת Ez 18:9, Ne 9:33; עשׂה חסד ואמת Gn 32:11 (J) 2 S 2:6; רב חסד ואמת abundant in mercy and faithfulness Ex 34:6 (J) Ps 86:15; these attributes are also associated Ps 40:11, 40:12, 61:8, 115:1, 138:2, Is 16:5, Gn 24:27 (J); they are messengers of God to men Ps 57:4, 85:11, 89:15 cf. Ps 43:3; חסד ואמת כל ארחות י׳ Ps 25:10; the faithfulness of God endureth for ever Ps 117:2; he keepeth it for ever Ps 146:6; it reacheth unto the skies Ps 57:11, 108:5; it is shield & buckler Ps 91:4; he is אל אמת Ps 31:6 = אלהי אמת 2 Ch 15:3; אֱמֶת is also associated with the divine ישׁר Ps 111:8; חֶדֶק Ps 85:12; חְדָקָה Zc 8:8; מִשְׁפָּט Ps 111:7; Je 4:2; & salvation Ps 69:14.

4. truth (a) as spoken: דבר אמת speak truth 1 K 22:16, 2 Ch 18:15, Je 9:4, Zc 8:16, Ps 15:2; דִּבְרֵי א׳ Ec 12:10; אֱמֶת הַדָּבָר the thing is certainly true Dt 13:15, 17:4; אִמְרֵי אֱמֶת = אמרים אמת Pr 22:21; הגה אמת Pr 8:7; הגיד א׳ Dn 11:2, אֲמִתְּךָ Ps 30:10; שׂפת אמת Pr 12:19; אֱמֶת it is true Is 43:9; האמת אתכם whether truth is with you Gn 42:16 (E) cf. Is 59:14, 59:15. (b) of testimony and judgment עֵד אֱמֶת true witness Pr 14:25; עד אמת ונאמן Je 42:5; משׁפט אמת Ez 18:8, Zc 7:9; שָׁפַט אמת Zc 8:16. (c) of divine instruction כְּחָב אֱמֶת Dn 10:21; תורת אמת Mal 2:6 cf. Ne 9:13; תורתך אמת Ps 119:142; בְּפִיךָ אמת דבר י׳ 1 K 17:24 cf. 2 S 7:28; משׁפטי י׳ אמת Ps 19:10; ראשׁ דברך אמת Ps 119:160; מחותיך אמת Ps 119:151. (d) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge Dn 8:12; להשׂכיל באמתך Dn 9:13.

5. adv. in truth, truly Ps 132:11; יהוה אלהים אמת Yahweh is God in truth, truly Je 10:10; elsewhere בֶָּ אֱמֶת Ju 9:15, Ps 145:18, Je 26:15, 28:9, 32:41.

†II. אָמוֹן n.m. artificer, architect, master-workman, as firm and sure in his workman-ship: וָאֶהְיֶה אֶחְלוֹ אָמוֹן I was at his side architect, master-workman (LXX SyrVer Vulgate Ges Ew De MV RV, > foster-son AE Ki AV) Pr 8:30; יֶתֶר הָֽאָמוֹן rest of the master-workmen Je 52:15 (Hi Gf De RVm, but rest of the multitude Ges MV RV et al., אמון = המון)—I. אָמוֹן v. supr. p. 51.

†III. אָמוֹן n.pr.m. (master-workman) (a) king of Judah 2 K 18:19, 18:23, 18:24, 18:25, 1 Ch 3:14, 2 Ch 33:20, 33:21, 33:22, 33:23, 33:25, Je 1:2, 25:3; (b) captain of a city 1 K 22:26, 2 Ch 18:25; (c) one of the line of Solomon's servants Ne 7:59 = אָמִי Ezr 2:57.

אַמְנוֹן n.pr.m. (faithful)

1. eldest son of David 2 S 3:2, 13:1–39; = אֲמִינוֹן 2 S 13:20; = אַמְנֹן 1 Ch 3:1.

2. a son of Shimon 1 Ch 4:20.

אֲמִינוֹן dimin., so Ew:§ 167 a cf. W:i. § 269, or txt. err.; cf. Dr 2 S 13:20, v. אַמְנוֹן.

אֲמִתַּי n.pr.m. (true, fr. אֱמֶ by adj. affix י-) father of the prophet Jonah 2 K 14:25, Jon 1:1.

הֵימָן n.pr.m. Heman (faithful, cf. Aram. מְהֵימָן, مهَيمَن) a wise man with whom Solomon is compared 1 K 5:11, where app. son of Mahol (Klo sons of the dance); named with 3 others, one being Ethan the Ezrahite; 1 Ch 2:6 a Heman is named with same 3+1 other, & all called sons of Zerah of Judah; Heman appears Ps 88:1 also as the Ezrahite (v. sub זרח), cf. Ethan supr.; in other passages Heman is a Levite; specif. Kohathite, son of Joel, called the singer (הַמְשׁוֹרֵר) 1 Ch 6:18 (‖ Asaph v:24, Ethan v:29); Heman, Asaph & Ethan named as the singers (הַמְשֹׁרְרִים) 1 Ch 15:17, 15:19; cf. Heman & Jeduthun 16:41, 16:42 (‖ Asaph v:37); Heman, Asaph & Jeduthun 25:6, 2 Ch 5:12, 35:15; elsewhere בְּנֵי אָ סָף וְהֵימָן וִידוּתוּן 1 Ch 25:1 cf. v:4, v:4, v:5, v:5, בְּנֵי הֵימָן 2 Ch 29:14 (‖בְּנֵי ידוּתוּן);—25:5 Heman is called חֹוֵה הַמֶּלָח בְּדִבְ רֵי הַאֱלֽהִים (cf. Asaph 2 Ch 29:30, Jeduthun 2 Ch 35:15).—On question of identity of Heman in these various connections, v. Thes Comm.

מְהוּמָן n.pr.m. a eunuch of Ahasuerus (id.; but LXX ̓Αμαν) Est 1:10.

II. [אָמַן] v. יָמַן.

†[אָמֵץ] vb. be stout, strong, bold, alert (acc. to Lag:BN 28 f. fr. earlier אָמֹץ cf. אֹמֶץ)—Qal. Pf. 3 pl. אָֽמְחוּ 2 S 22:18 + 2 t.; Impf. יֶאֱמָָץ Gn 25:23 ; וַיֶּאֶמְחוּ 2 Ch 13:18 ; Imv. אֱמַץ Jos 1:7, 1 Ch 28:20; אֱמַָץ Jos 1:6; אֱמָָץ Dt 31:7 + 3 t.; אִמְחוּ Dt 31:6 + 2 t.—

1. be strong, of a people Gn 25:23 (J); of personal enemies 2 S 22:18 = Ps 18:18; Ps 142:7 (all sq. מִן of compar.); also (without מן) prevail 2 Ch 13:18.

2. Imv. be bold (alw. ‖חֲזַק, חִזְקוּ), Dt 31:7, 31:23, Jos 1:6, 1:7, 1:18; (‖ id. + אַל־תִּירְאוּ וְאַל־תַּעַרְחוּ) Dt 31:6; ‖ id. + אַל־תַּעֲרֹץ וְאַל תֵּחָת) Jos 1:9; (‖ id. + אַל תִּירְאוּ וְאַל תֵּחָָתּוּ) Jos 10:25, 1 Ch 22:13, 28:20, 2 Ch 32:7. Pi. Pf. אִמֵּץ Dt 2:30 etc.; Impf. יְאַמֵּץ Am 2:14 etc.; וַיְאַמֶּץ־לוֹ Is 44:14, 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. תְּאַמְּחֶנּוּ Ps 89:22; 1 S. sf. אֲאַמִּחְכֶם Jb 16:5 etc.; Imv. אַמֵּץ Na 2:2; אַמֵָּחוּ Is 35:3; אַמְּחֵָהוּ Dt 3:28; Inf. sf. אַמְּחוֹ Pr 8:28; Pt. מְאַמֶּץ־ Pr 24:5; — 1. make firm, strengthen, sq. acc., of giving clouds their place Pr 8:28 (subj. י׳); of repairing temple 2 Ch 24:13; of physical vigour Pr 31:17 חָֽגְרָה בְעוֹז מָתְנֶי֑הָ וַתְּא׳ :וְרוֹעֹתֽיהָ (subj. אֵשֶׁת חַיִל); of strength for war כֹּחַ א׳ Na 2:2 (‖חִזֵּק מָתְנַיִם Am 2:14 (subj. חָזָק); cf. Pr 24:5; of royal power 2 Ch 11:17חִזֵּק; cf. בִּרְכַּיִם כּשְׁלוֹת א׳ Is 35:3; כֹּרְעוֹת בּ׳ א׳ Jb 4:4 (both ‖חִזֵּק יָדַיִם רָפוֹת fig, of encouragement; so א׳ alone Dt 3:28 (‖חִזֵּק) Jb 16:5 (‖חשׂך q.v.); Ps 89:22 (subj. וְרוֹעַ י׳); of support Is 41:10 (subj. י׳; ‖עזר, תמך;—De Che sub 2). 2. assure, secure for one's self, alw. sq. ל + sf.; of carpenter appropr. tree Is 44:14; cf. of י׳ appropri-ating Isr. under fig. of bough. Ps 80:16; under fig. of chosen man v:18.

3. sq. לֵבָב harden, make obstinate Dt 2:30 (subj. י׳; ‖הִקְשָׁה רוּחוֹ) Dt 15:7 (of unkind man); 2 Ch 36:13 (of king Zedekiah, ‖הִקְשָׁה אֶת־עָדְפּוֹ). Hithp. Pf. הִתְאַמֵּץ 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18; Impf. וַיִּתְאַמְּחוּ 2 Ch 13:7; Pt. מִתְאַמֶּחֶת Ru 1:18; 1. strengthen oneself, of con-spirators 2 Ch 13:7 (sq. עַל). 2. confirm oneself in a, purpose, be determined Ru 1:18 (sq. ל + Inf.) 3. make oneself alert, make haste 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18 (sq. ל + Inf.) Hiph. Impf. Juss. exhibit strength, be strong וְיַאֲמֵץ, לִבֶָּךָ חֲזַק ויא׳ Ps 27:14, so also 31:25.

55

אֹ֫מֶץ n.[m.] strength, fig. טֳהָר־יָדַיִם יֹסִיף אָֹמֶץ Jb 17:9 the clean of hands increaseth strength.

אַמְחָה n.f. strength, fig. Zc 12:5, but sense difficult, cf. Wr:Zech. P. 585; Sta:ZA W 1881, 34 prop. לְיוֹשְׁבֵי אָמְחְאָה (after LXX Targum) may I be sufficient for.

אָמוֹץ n.pr.m. father of Isaiah ( = follow-ing) Is 1:1, 2:1, 13:1, 20:2; 37:2, 37:21, 38:1 = 2 K 19:2, 19:20, 20:1; 2 Ch 26:22, 32:20, 32:32.

† [אָמֹץ] adj. strong, only pl. אֲמֻצִּים of horses Zc 6:3; 6:7 (in v:7 perh. rd. אֲדֻמִּים, cf. v:2, & Hi; see another view in Lag:BN 29).

אַמִּיץ (אַמִּץ) adj. mighty—א׳ abs. 2 S 15:12 + 2 t.; cstr. Jb 9:4 + 2 t.—mighty, of Absa-lom's conspiracy 2 S 15:12; elsewh. of persons; as subst., instrum. of י׳ (i.e. Assyrians) Is 28:2 (‖חזָק; לִבּוֹ א׳ = valiant, conqueror Am 2:16; of י׳, כֹּחַ חֲכַם לֵבָב וְא׳ Jb 9:4; cf. כֹּחַ א׳ v:19 (v. Di & RV), כֹּחַ א׳ Is 40:26 (‖רֹב אוֹנִים).

אַמְחִי n.pr.m.

1. a Levite 1 Ch 6:31.

2. man of priestly line Ne 11:12 (not in ‖ 1 Ch 9:12).

אֲמַחְיָ֫הוּ, אֲמַחְיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ has been)

1. king of Jud., son of Joash, father of Azariah; אֲמַחְיָהוּ 2 K 14:1, 14:9 + 8t. 2 K 14; 15:3, 1 Ch 3:12; 2 Ch 24:27, 25:1 + 15 t. 2 Ch 24; 26:1, 26:4; אֲמַחְיָה 2 K 12:22, 13:12, 14:8, 15:1.

2. אֲמַחְיָה, a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:34.

3. id., a Levite 1 Ch 6:30.

4. priest of Bethel, under Jerob. II, Am 7:10, 7:12, 7:14.

† [מַאֲמָץ] n.[m.] power, strength, force, pl. cstr. מַאֲמַצֵּי־כֹחַ Jb 36:19.

אָמַר:5287 vb. utter, say (MI Ph. אמר, Aram. אֲמַר, Eth. 0amara: I. 2 shew, declare, Ar. أَمَرَ command; perh. √ אמר orig. = be or make prominent, hence Hithp. infr., אמִיר; Sab. אמר lofty, epith. of king JHMordtm:ZMG 1876, 37; cf. Dl:Pr 28 who thinks orig. mng. hell, sichtbar sein, whence As. amâru, see, & shew, declare, say)—Qal Pf. א׳ Gn 3:1 +, etc.; Impf. יאֹמַר Gn 31:8 +; וַיּאֹ֫מֶר Gn 1:3 +; וַיּאֹמַָר Gn 14:19 +; in Jb alw. וַיּאָֹמַר Jb 3:2 +; 3 fs. תּאֹמַר Gn 21:12 +; תּאֹמֵרָ Pr 1:21; 1 S. אֹמַר Gn 22:2 +; אוֹמְָ רה Ps 42:10; וָאֹמַר Gn 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Ne 2:7, 2:17, 2:20; 3 m. pl. יאֹמְדוּ Ex 4:1 + etc.; sf. יֹמְרוָּ ךָ Ps 139:20; 2 mpl. תֹּמְדוּ 2 S 19:14 ( cf. Kö:i. p. 385); Imv. אֱמֹר (אֱמָר־) Gn 45:17 +, etc.; Inf. abs. אָמוֹר Ex 21:5 +; cstr. אֱמֹר Ez 25:8 +; אֲמֹר(הַ) Jb 34:18 but rd. הָאֹמֵר LXX Vulgate Di, or better הֶאָמֹר Inf. abs. c. ה interrog. cf. Ew :§ 328 d; sf. אָמְרִי Jos 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Je 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Mal 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Gn 1:22 +, etc.; Pt. act. אֹמֵר Gn 32:10 +, etc.; pass. הֶאָמוּר Mi 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, rd. הֶאָמוֹר, Inf. abs. c. ה interrog., v. Dr:Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

1. Say (subj. God Gn 3:1 + or man 32:5, serpent 3:1, ass Nu 22:28, horse יאֹמַר הֶאָח Jb 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personif. Jb 28:14 cf. v:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Ju 9:8, 2 K 14:9 etc.; esp. in narrat., וַיּאֹמֶר etc., Gn 4:6 + very oft.): mostly sq. thing said, either subst. Je 14:17 (c. cl. app.) Dt 27:16 f. Ju 12:6; pronoun Gn 44:16, 2 K 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Gn 1:3, 3:1, 37:20 + oft. (orat. recta); with adv. thus, so Gn 32:5, Nu 20:14, 1 K 20:3, 20:5 + oft.; esp. כֹּה אָמַר י׳ Ex 5:1, 7:17, 8:1, 8:20, 1 Ch 17:4 + oft.; the person addressed usu. introduced by אֶל Gn 3:1, 15:7, 22:7, Lv 21:1, 2 S 3:7, 1 K 12:5, 12:23, or לְ Gn 3:13, 4:15, 1 S 20:2, 2 S 2:21, 1 K 14:2 + oft.; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי א׳ Is 49:20 (cf. 5:9 & vid. דבר); לִפְנֵי א׳ Ez 28:9; לְעֵינֵי א׳ Dt 31:7, Jos 10:12, Je 28:11; בְּ א׳ Jo 2:17, Ps 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually sq. dir. obj. of words said, Ex 19:25 being very singular; Gn 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, cf. Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Gn 22:2, 22:3, 43:27, 43:29, Ex 32:13, Nu 14:40, 1 S 10:16, 16:3, 2 S 6:22, Ne 6:19; cf. Ps 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, rd. יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (sq. dir. obj. only) Ps 40:11, Ez 13:7; in reply to question = answer Ex 12:27, Jos 4:7, 1 K 9:9, Je 5:19, 22:9. The obj. spoken of may be referred to by אֶל 2 K 19:32, Je 22:18, 27:19, or לְ Gn 20:13 אִמְרִי לִֽי say of me, etc. Dt 33:9, Ju 9:54, Is 5:20, Ps 3:3, 71:10, very rarely by a simple accus. Is 3:10 (where rd. prob. for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (cf. אֲשֶׁר 4 d) Gn 3:17, Nu 10:29, 14:31, Dt 28:68, Ju 7:4, 1 S 9:17, 9:23 b, 1 K 8:29, La 4:20; cf. Nu 21:16, 2 K 17:12, 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Is 8:12, La 2:15 (v. Dr:Sm i. 24, 5); הֶֽאָמוּר Mi 2:7 rd. inf. abs. c. ה interrog. הֶאָמוֹר (v. supr.) shall one say ? shall it be said ? After another vb. of saying, introducing thing said: Dt 21:7, 25:9, 27:15, Ct 2:10 +, even after אמר Gn 22:7, Lv 21:1, Je 34:2, Est 7:5 +; esp. inf. לֵאמֹר, after דבר Gn 8:15, חוה 2:16, ענה 44:16, ברך 1:22, נשׁבע 24:7, נדר 28:20, etc.; after אמר 2 S 3:18, 1 K 12:23, Ru 4:4, 1 Ch 21:18 +; after שׁלח 2 Ch 35:21, שׁוּב Gn 32:7; cf. also Gn 28:6, Ex 5:13, 9:5, 13:8, 17:4, Nu 11:20, Dt 1:28, 13:7, Ju 8:15, 1 S 23:2, 1 K 13:3, Je 32:3, 37:9 +; also when subj. of לֵאמֹר differs from that of pre-ceding clause Gn 31:1, 38:13, 38:24 etc.; after שׁמע Is 37:9 = 2 K 19:9. 2. Say in the heart (= think) בלבב א׳ Dt 8:17 cf. 1 K 12:26, Ps 10:6, 10:11, 10:13, 14:1, 35:25, Is 14:13, 47:8, 47:10, 49:21, Ec 2:1, 2:15, 3:17, 3:18; לִלְבָבָם א׳ Ho 7:2; אֶל־לִבּוֹ א׳ Gn 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subj. י׳, cf. 1 S 27:1; אָֽמְרָה נַפֲשִׁי La 3:24; thence א׳ alone Gn 20:11, 26:9, Nu 24:11, Ru 4:4, 1 S 20:26, 2 S 5:6, 12:22, 2 K 5:11; sq. cl. with כִּי Ju 15:2; in particular = desire מַה־תּאֹמַר נַפְשְׁךָ 1 S 20:4 cf. Est 2:13; sq. inf. = purpose, Ex 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian ? Jos 22:33, 1 S 30:6, 1 K 5:19, 2 Ch 28:10, 28:13; expect 2 S 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Ch 13:8, 32:1.

3. Promise (sq. inf.) 1 Ch 27:23, 2 Ch 21:7, Est 4:7; (id. + ל of pers.) 2 K 8:19, Ne 9:15; (sq. acc. of dir. obj. + ל of pers. + inf, of purpose) Ne 9:23.

4. Command (esp. late) sq. אֶל־ of per-son addressed, Nu 15:38, 1 Ch 21:18; sq. ל Jos 11:9, 2 S 16:11, 2 K 4:24, Jb 9:7, Ps 106:34 (v. sub אֲשֶׁר 8 e); sq. inf. 1 S 24:11, 1 Ch 21:17, 2 Ch 1:18, 29:27, 29:30, 31:11, 35:21, Est 1:17, 4:13, 4:15, 6:1, 9:14; sq. inf. + ל of pers, 2 Ch 14:3, 29:21, 31:4, Est 1:10; sq. acc. dir. obj. 2 Ch 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, cf. 1 K 5:20, Est 2:15; sq. cl. with אשׁר = that Ne 13:19; id. + ל of pers. v:22; sq. cl. with כִּי Jb 36:10; abs. 1 S 16:16 (rd. however prob. יאמרו for יאמר, cf. Dr); also Ps 105:31, 105:34, 107:25, 1 Ch 14:12, 2 Ch 24:8, Ne 13:9, 13:19 (all sq. vb. consec.); command by letter עִם־הַסֵּפֶר א׳ Est 9:25 (sq. impf); appoint, assign לוֹ לֶחֶם א׳ 1 K 11:18 = threaten sq. inf. Dt 9:25, Ps 106:23.

Niph. Pf. נֶאֱמַר Dn 8:26; Impf. יֵאָמֵר Gn 22:14 +; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֹ Is 4:3; יֵאָמַָר Gn 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַָר Jos 2:2; be said, told Gn 10:9, 22:14, Ps 87:5, Je 4:11, 16:14 (all abs., indef. subj., of current saying); so said in a book Nu 21:14; be related, told, of vision Dn 8:26; said, told to (sq. ל ind. obj.) Jos 2:2, Ho 2:1, 2:1, Zp 3:16; either so, or told concerning Nu 23:23; Ez 13:12 (אֶל־); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Is 61:6 (‖תִּקָּרְאוּ), cf. 4:3, 19:18, 32:5 (‖יִקָּרֵא ל) 62:4, 62:4; hence be called, of Tophet לאֹ־יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Je 7:32; subj. שֵׁם Gn 32:29; Jb 34:31 כִּי אֶל־אֵל הֶאָמַר, Rabb. (cf. AV) treat הֵאָמַר as Niph. Inf. for לְהֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Pf., אֶל־אֵל being prefixed to the interrog. for emphasis (cf. Je 22:15, 23:26, Ne 13:27), v. Dr:§ 9 Di al.; Hoffm., however, reads הֵאָמֵר inf. abs. = imv. ‘so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.’ † Hiph. Pf.avow, avouch Dt 26:17 הֶאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֽהִים אֶת־י׳; v:18 וי׳ הֶאֱמִירְךָ היום להיות לוֹ לְעַם (lit. cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpr. vid. Di). † Hithp. Impf. יִתְאַמְּרוּ Ps 94:4 subj. כָּל־פֹּעֲלֵי אָָוֶן act proudly, boast (‖יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק prob. also 2 mpl. תִּתְיַמָָּרוּ Is 61:6 (in good sense, sq. בְּ of thing gloried in) SyrVer Vulgate Targum & cf. LXX; Ges:Comm. so De Che Kö:i. 457 f. (fr. [ימר] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but vid. ימר, מור).

56

אֹמֶר n.m.:Ps 77:9 utterance, speech, word, only poet., & Jos 24:27 exalted style;—abs. א׳ Jb 22:28 + 5 t.; sf. אִמְרוֹ Jb 20:29; Pl. abs. אֲמָרִים Pr 19:7 22:21; cstr. אִמְרֵי Nu 24:4 +; אֲמָרָיו Jb 22:22; אִמְרֵיכֶם Jb 32:14, Is 41:26 (on deriv. fr. אֹמֶר cf. Di Jb 15:33) etc.;—

1. utterance, word, esp. pl. Jb. 6:26 (‖מִלִּים) 32:12, 32:14 (‖מִלִּין) 33:3, 34:37; Ps 5:2 (‖הָגִיג), 141:6 (on this v. cf. Che); Pr 2:1 (‖מִחְוָה), v:16, 4:10, 4:20 (‖דָּבָר), 7:1 (‖מִחְוָה), v:5, 19:7, Is 41:26; words of God Nu 24:4, 24:16 cf. Jos 24:27, Jb 6:10, 22:22, Ps 107:11; fig. of day Ps 19:3 (sing.); cf. v:4 (‖דְּבָרִים) but vid. Che on v.; of wisdom (personif.) Pr 1:21 (‖קוֹל); oft. in phrase אִמְרֵי־פִי Dt 32:1, Ps 19:15 (‖הֶגְיוֹן); 54:4 (‖תְּפִלָּה); 78:1 (‖תּוֹרָה); Pr 4:5, 5:7, 7:24, 8:8; cf. Jb 8:2, Pr 6:2, 6:2; of י׳ Jb 23:12 (‖מִחְוַת שְׂפתָיו); Ps 138:4; Ho 6:5 (of Yahweh's words as weapon); in phrases אִמְרֵיישֶׁר Jb 6:25; בִינָה א׳ Pr 1:2; נֹעַם א׳ Pr 15:26, 16:24; דָ֫עַת א׳ 19:27, 23:12; אֱמֶת א׳ 22:21, cf. הֵשִׁיב אֲמָרִים אֱמֶת v:21 return answer; תָּשִׁיב אֲמָרֶיהָ לָהּ Ju 5:29 she returneth (i.e. repeateth) her words to herself; חָשַׁךְ א׳ spare (i.e. refrain fr.) words Pr 17:27.

2. sg. promise Ps 77:9; appointment, decree Jb 20:29; command Ps 68:12 (but v. Che); plan, purpose Jb 22:28 גָּוַד־ א׳; Hb 3:9 Thes sworn are the rods of appointment (i.e. the chastisements decreed), but passage dub., v. Comm.;— Gn 49:21 rd. אֲמִרֵי cf. אָמִיד; vid. Di.

57

[אִמְרָה] n.f. utterance, speech, word (poet., mostly sg. coll., cf. pl. vb. Ps 119:103, but here rd. prob. Pl.n. cf. LXX Ol Hi De Che)—cstr. אִמְרַת Is 5:24 +; אִמְרָתִי Gn 4:23 + etc.; Pl. abs. אֲמָרוֹת Ps 12:7; cstr. אִמֲרוֹת ib.;—utterance, speech Gn 4:23 (song of Lamech, ‖קוֹל); so Is 28:23, 32:9; Dt 32:2 (‖לֶקַח), Ps 17:9, Is 29:4, 29:4 (‖ also דִּבֶּד); esp. saying(s), words(s) of י׳ (command & promise) Dt 33:9 (‖בְּרִית); Is 5:24 (‖תּוֹרָה) 2 S 22:31 = Ps 18:31, Ps 12:7, 105:19 (‖דָּבָר; esp Ps 119:11, 119:38, 119:41 + 16 t.; 138:2, 147:15 (‖דָּבָר), Pr 30:5.

† [אֶמְרָה] n.f. id., only אֶמְרָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר חִוָּה La 2:17.

אוֹמִר n.pr.m. grandson of Esau (eloquent?) Gn 36:11, 36:15, 1 Ch 1:36.

אָמִיר n.m. top, summit, of tree Is 17:6; of mt. v:9 (? So Ew Kn De Di; Lag Che Brd Or foll. LXX & rd. הָאֱמֹרִי); pl. cstr. אֲמִרֵי Gn 49:21 (so rd. for אִמְרֵי, Ew Di al., cf. also 1. אֵלָה p.18).

אִמֵּר n.pr.m. 1. a priest assigned to Dvd's time 1 Ch 24:14 perh. = 2. ancestor of priest 1 Ch 9:12 cf. Ne 11:13, Ezr 2:37, 10:20, Ne 7:40. 3. priest in Jerem.'s time Je 20:1. 4. father of Zadok Ne 3:29. 5. n.pr.loc. (?) Ezr 2:59 = Ne 7:61.

אֱמֹרִי n.pr.m.coll. (construed as pl. Dt 3:9 + 5 t.) Amorites (perh. = mountain-dwellers, cf. Nu 13:29, Dt 1:7, 1:19 f. etc. & Di Gn 10:16 al.)—alw.c. art., exc. Nu 21:29, Ez 16:45.

1. called son of Canaan Gn 10:16 (J) 1 Ch 1:14 =

2. a chief people dispossessed by Hebrews; (a) living E. of Jordan Nu 21:13, 21:13, 21:25 + 9 t. Nu + Jos 24:8 (all E), cf. Jos 2:10, 9:10 (JE) Dt 1:4, 3:2, 3:9 + 7 t. D; also Ju 10:8, 10:11, 11:19, 11:21, 11:23, 11:23, 1 K 4:19, Ps 135:11, 136:19 (Sihon their king Nu 21:1 +; Sihon & Og Dt 3:8 + ); (b) living W. of Jordan Jos 10:5, 10:6, 24:12, 24:15, 24:18 (all E), cf. 7:7 (JE); 5:1, 10:12, (both D; cf. also 13:4, q. del. Di) Ju 1:34, 1:35, 1:36, 6:10, 1 K 21:26, 2 K 21:11 cf. 1 S 21:2; (c) living in south Dt 1:7, 1:19, 1:20, 1:27, 1:44; cf. Gn 14:7 (W. of Dead Sea); (d) in gen. = ancient inhabitants of Canaan Gn 15:16 (J or R) 48:22 (E) Am 2:9, 2:10; (e) named in list of Canaanitish peoples, to be dispossessed by Isr. Ex 3:8, 3:17, 13:5, 33:2, 34:11, Jos 3:10, 9:1 (all J); Dt 7:1, 20:17, Jos 11:3, 12:8 (all D); Ex 23:23, Nu 13:29, Jos 24:11 (all E); Ju 3:5, 1 K 9:20, 2 Ch 8:7, Ezr 9:1, Ne 9:8; cf. Ez 16:3, 16:45; (on these lists cf. Bu:Urgesch 344 ff. & We:JBTh xxi. 602.)

3. adj.gent. sg. Gn 14:13, Dt 2:24.

אִמְרִי n.pr.m. 1. a man of Judah 1 Ch 9:4; cf. 2. Ne 3:2 (= tall? or eloquent?).

אֲמַרְי֫הוּ אֲמַרְיָה n.pr.m. ( Yah(u) hath promised, cf. Palm. אֶמרשמשא Sab. יתעאמר) long form only 1 Ch 24:23, 2 Ch 19:11, 31:15.

1. a Levite 1 Ch 23:19, 24:23 (in Dvd's time), cf. 1 Ch 5:33, 5:33, 6:37, Ezr 7:3; vid. also

2. 1 Ch 5:37, 5:37; also

3. Ezr 10:42.

4. chief priest under Jehosh. 2 Ch 19:11.

5. Levite under Hezekiah 2 Ch 31:15.

6. son of Hezekiah & great-grandfather of Zephaniah Zp 1:1.

7. a priest Ne 10:4, 12:2, 12:13.

8. a man of Judah Ne 11:4.

† [מַאֲמָר n.m.:Est 9:32 word, command ( late; Mish. id.) cstr. מַאֲמַר Est 1:15, 2:20, 9:32.

אַמְרָפֶל n.pr.m. king of Shinar Gn 14:1, 14:9

(prob. = חֶמרבי Ḫammurabi of Babylon, who reigned c. 2100 B.C., cf. Schr:SBA 1887, xxxi (June 23) COT:ii. 296 f. Dl in De:Gen 1887, Excursus).

אֶמֶשׁ adv. yesterday (etym. dud.; MV after Fl De on Jb 30:3 cf. Sta:§ 256 c der. fr. √ משׁה = Ar. مسا, whence مَسَأُ, evening; v. also in Thes, & cf. As. mušu, night COT:Gloss, Eth. mset: but also Ar. أَمْس = As. amšatu, yesterday) = last night Gn 19:34, 31:29, 31:42 (אָָמֶשׁ); = recently 2 K 9:26.—Jb 30:3 שׁוֹאָה א׳ is difficult & uncertain Thes MV al. darkness, gloom of wasteness, so RV, but dub., cf. Di; G. Hoffm. rds. אֵם שׁ׳ = the mother of (all) the ruined ( said of the desert).

אֱמֶת אֲמִתַּי v. אמן. p.54

אַמְתַּ֫חַת v. מתח. p.607

אָן adv. v. sub אַי. p. 33

58

אֹן ( Gn 41:45, 46:20) אוֹן ( Gn 41:50, Ez 30:17) n.pr.loc. On (Egypt. Ȧn cf. Eb:GS 75 Wied:Samm 146; perh. = As. unu, Steindorff:BAS i.610, contr. Dl:Pa 318) city in lower Egypt, prob. on border of land of Goshen, residence of ‘ Potiphera, priest of On, ’ father-in-law of Joseph Gn 41:45, 41:50, 46:20; also Ez 30:17 ( where MT אָוֶן); it was celebrated for worship of sun-god Ra, & hence called also sun-city, בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ Je 43:13, LXX ̔Ηλίου πόλις; mod. Matariye, on E. bank of Nile, c. 7 miles E. of N. fr. Cairo & 18 fr. Memphis;—cf. Eb:GS 75, 507 f. & map Wied:l.c.

אֹן sorrow, v. אָוֶן. p. 19

אָֽנָּ֫א interj. ( from אָהּ and נָא, q. v.) a strong part. of entreaty, ah, now ! I ( or We) beseech thee! oft. sq. an imper.; Gn 50:17 (to Joseph) אָנָּא שָׂא נָא וג׳ Ah, now ! forgive, we pray, etc., Ex 32:31 (to God); elsewhere always sq. י׳ or אֲדֹנָי Ps 118:25, 118:25, Ne 1:5, 1:11, Dn 9:4. Written אֽנּ֫֫ה 2 K 20:3 (= Is 38:3) Jon 1:14, 4:2, Ps 116:4, 116:16.

אנב (perh. spring, leap, so Dl:HA 65, Pr 114, inferred fr. As. annabu, hare; ag. this Nö:ZMG 1886, 734).

אַרְנֶבֶת n.f. hare (Ar. أَرْنَبُ, Syr. ܐܰܪܢܶܒܳܐ, As. annabu, as springer?) eating of it forbidden Lv 11:6 (P) Dt 14:7.

אָ֫נָה אָ֫נֶה v. sub אַי. p. 32

I. † [אָנָה vb. mourn—Qal Pf. 3 pl. וְאָנוּ cons. Is 3:26, 19:8 (‖אָבַל q.v.)

אֲנִיָּה n.f. mourning; Is 29:2, La 2:5 (both times in combin. תַּאֲנִיָּה וַאֲנִיָּה).

תַּאֲנִיָּה n.f. id. id.

אֲנִיעָם n.pr.m. ( lament of people) 1 Ch 7:19 a man of Manasseh.

II. אנה (√ whence foll. nouns, cf. As. ânu, unûtu, vessel, utensil, v. Dl in Zim:BP 115 Hpt in KAT:2 Gloss i.; Ar. إِنَأُ).

אֳנִי n.m.:1 K 10:11 & f.:v 22 coll. Ships, fleet—abs. 1 K 9:26 +; cstr. 10:11 +;—of Sol. 1 K 9:26, 9:27; called תַרְשִׁישׁ א׳ (i.e. large, sea-going vessels, such as sail to Tarshish) 10:22, 10:22; חִירָם א׳ 10:11, 10:22; propelled by oars ־שַׁיִטא׳ Is 33:21.

אֳנִיָּה n.f. unit. a ship—abs. Jon 1:3 + 3 t.; Pl. abs. אֳנִיּוֹת Dt 28:68 +; אֳונִ֯יּוֹת 2 Ch 8:18; cstr. = abs. 1 K 22:49 +, etc.;—a ship Pr 30:19, Gn 49:13, Dt 28:68, Ju 5:17 (where, however, cf. Bu:BB Richter u. Sam. p. 16 on text) 1 K 22:49, 22:50, Is 43:14, 2 Ch 8:18, 20:36, 20:37, Jon 1:4, 1:5, Ps 104:26, 107:23, Dn 11:40; הַיָּם א׳ Ez 27:9; propelled by oars Ez 27:29; esp. תַּרְשִׁישׁא׳ (cf. אֳנִי) 1 K 22:49, 2 Ch 9:21 (cf. 1 K 10:22 supr. sub אֳנִי) Ps 48:8, Is 2:16, 23:1, 23:14, 60:9, Ez 27:25; late of ship going to Tarshish 2 Ch 9:21, 20:36, Jon 1:3; merchant-ship, סוֹחֵר א׳ Pr 31:14; אֵבֶָה א׳ swift ships Jb 9:26 (cf. אבה); seamen אַנְשֵׁי־אֳנִיּוֹת 1 K 9:27.

† III. [אָנָה] vb. be opportune, meet, encounter opportunely (Ar. أَنَي the right time is come, or it is come to the right time, or to maturity, or is opportune). Pi. Pf. אִנָּה Ex 21:13 cause (or allow) to meet in בְיָדוֹ הָאֱלֽהִים א׳ (obj. om.), i.e. without any purpose of the man to whom sf. Ref. Pu. be allowed to meet, be sent, Impf. יְאֻנֶּה Pr 12:21 (c. ל); 3 fs. תְּאֻנֶּה Ps 91:10 (c. אָל), subj. evil. Hithp. cause oneself to meet, seek occasion (= seek a quarrel with) sq. ל 2 K 5:7.

† [תַּאֲנָה n.f. occasion, time of copulation; sf. תַּאֲנָתָהּ i.e. of wild ass Je 2:24.

תֹּאֲנָה n.f. opportunity, i.e. ground of quarrel; of Samson, sq. מִן Ju 14:4.

אָֽנָּה v. אָֽנָּ֫א. above

אֲנוּ Je 42:6 Kt: v. after אֲנִי. p. 59

[אָנַח] vb. only Niph. sigh, groan, mostly poet. & late (Aram. אֲנַח, ܐܶܢܚ Ethp. cf. As. [anâḫu], inḫu, sigh Zim:BP 12, 30)—Pf. 3 fs. נֶאֶנְחָה La 1:8, Jo 1:18; 3 pl. נֶאֶנְחוּ Is 24:7; Impf. יֵאָנַח Pr 29:2 etc.; Imv. הֵאָנַ֯ח֑ Ez 21:11; Pt. נֶאְנָ֑ךְ Ez 21:12; נֶאֱנָחָה La 1:21 etc.;—

1. sigh, in token of grief Is 24:7, Pr 29:2, La 1:4 (‖נוּגוֹתּ) v:21, Ez 21:11, 21:11; of Jerus. La 1:8; mostly abs. but sq. אַל־ Ez 9:4 (‖נֶאֱנָק) 21:12.

2. in physical distress La 1:11 (‖בִּקֵּשׁ לֶחֶם); Ex 2:23 sq. מִן by reason of (‖וָעַק).

3. groan of cattle (בְּהֵמָה) Jo 1:18.

אֲנָחָה n.f. sighing, groaning (poet. & late);—abs. Ps 31:11 +; sf. אַנְחָתִי Jb 3:4 +; אַנְחָתָהַ Is 21:2 (sf. with Raphe), Pl. sf. אַנְחֹתַי La 1:22; —sighing, groaning, in distress, physical or mental Jb 3:24 (‖שְׁאָנָה), 23:2 (‖שִׂיחַ), Ps 6:7; 38:10 (‖תַּאֲוָה, Is 21:2, La 1:22; ‖יָגוֹן Ps 31:11, Is 35:10, 51:11, Je 45:3; קוֹל א׳ Ps 102:6.

אֲנַחְנוּ pron. 1 pl. we v. infr. p. 59

אֲנָֽחֲרָ֫ת n.pr.loc. a city in Naphtali Jos 19:19. Kn (cf. Di) comp. en-Naï‘ûra, on E. side of Jebel Dahi, little Hermon; cf. Rob:BR iii. 339.

אֲנִי, אָָ֫נִי pron. 1 s, comm.. I (أَنَا, אֲֶנָא ܐܶܢܳܐ, 0ana:) Gn 6:17, 9:9, 9:12 + oft. Following a ptcp. as its subj. (to express mostly either a true present or the fut. instans) Gn 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc., Ju 15:3, 1 S 3:13, Je 1:12, 38:14, 44:29 (v. Dr:§ 135, 4). Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis, as Ju 8:23 לאֹ אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you, 2 S 12:28 lest I take the city, 2 S 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַחְתִּי אָ֫נִי did I counsel; but in later Heb. It is sometimes pelonastc, Ec 2:11, 2:15, 2:18, 2:20 +. In response to a question, אָ֫נִי alone = I am, It is I, Gn 27:24, Ju 13:11, 1 K 18:8 +. With הֲֶ הַאֲנִיIs 66:9. (Syn. אָנֹבִי, q.v.)

59

אֲנוּ pron. 1 pl. comm. we (common in postB. Heb.; cf. also Amh. ĕ ñā) may be regarded as the pl. of אֲנִי (W:SG 99), only Je 42:6 Kt, for which Qr substitutes the normal אֲנַחְנוּ.

אָֽנֹכִ֫י, אָנֶ֢כִי (once Jb 33:9 אָֽנֹכִ֫י pron. 1 s. comm. I; Gn 3:10, 7:4, 15:1, 15:2, 16:5 + oft. With הֲ הֶאָנֹכִיNu 11:12, Jb 21:4. (As. anâku, Ph. & Moab. אנך: not in Ar. Aram, Eth.; but ku appears as the affix of the 1 s. in the Eth. verb (e.g. waladku = Heb. יָלַדְתִּי). אָנֹכִי and אֲנִי appear to be two parallel formations (both containing the element ani [cf. the sf. نِيَ-, נִי-] or ana, & one strengthened by the addition of the demonst. basis Ku [prob. akin to ܟܳܐ כָּא, כֹּה here]: cf. Sta:§ 179 W:SG 95 f. 98–101), of which, in most of the Sem. languages, one prevailed to the exclusion of the other, but which in Heb. maintained their place side by side.) In some cases אני and אנכי appear capable of being used indiffer-ently; in others the choice seems to have been determined, partly by rhythmical considera-tions, partly by a growing preference for אֲנִי among later writers. Thus when appended to the verb for emph. (whether with or without גַּם) the lighter form אֲנִי is nearly always used ( Lv 20:5, 26:24, 26:32, Dt 12:30, Ju 1:3, 8:23, 2 S 12:28, 17:15, 18:2, 18:22, Je 17:18, 21:5, Ez 17:22, Jb 13:2 +; cf. the cases Gn 27:34, 1 S 25:24, 2 S 19:1, 1 K 1:26, Pr 23:15); on the contrary, in the emph. rhetorical style of Dt, אָנֹכִי is preferred (in the discourses, uniformly, exc. 12:30, in acc. with usage just noted, & 29:5 in a standing expression; on 32:48, 32:51 (P) cf. infr.) In partic. phrases, also, usage prefers sts. אֶני sts. אָנכי thus there occurs חַי־אָנִי Nu 14:21 & always, exc, Dt 32:40; (אָ֫נִי) אִתְּךָ אֲנִי (Je 1:9, 1:19, 30:11, 46:18, Is 43:2, 43:5); אֲנִי יהוה Ex 6:2, 6:6, 6:8 & elsewh. in P, & esp. freq. in H (Lv 18:2, 18:4, 18:6 etc.) & Ez, also Gn 15:7, 28:13, Dt 29:5, Ju 6:10 +; (אנכי יהוה much less freq.; only JE & proph. writers, † Ex 20:2 = Dt 5:6, Ho 12:10, 13:4, Ps 81:11, Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9, Is 43:11, 44:24, 51:15, (Ex 4:11 is diff.); cf. Dr:JPh xi. 224 f.); אני אמרתי Is 38:10 (Hez.) 49:4, Je 5:4, 10:19 (3:19 אנכי) Ru 4:4, Ps 30:7, 31:23, 41:5, 82:6 +; ויאמר אָ֫נִי (in response to a qu.) Gn 27:24, Ju 13:11, 2 S 20:17, 1 K 13:14, 18:8 (אנכי וי׳ only 2 S 2:20; on the contrary, with a predicate, אָנֹבִי is regularly employed, Gn 24:34, 1 S 30:13, 2 S 1:8 עֲמָלֵקִי אָנֹ֑בִי 11:5, 20:17, Is 6:5, Je 1:6, Jon 1:9); (הִנְנִי) וַאֲנִי הִנֵּה Gn 6:17, 9:9, Ex 31:6, Nu 3:12 + (but הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי Gn 24:14, 24:43, 25:32, Ex 3:13, 19:9 +; הִנֵּה אֲנִי is very uncommon; v. ib.:226). So far as the usage of partic. books is concerned, in the Pent. (exc. Dt) אֲנִי is used in P (incl. H) always (about 130 t.) exc. Gn 23:4 (cf. Ez below); in JE אנכי is preferred, though not exclusively (81:48). In S there are 50 instances of each form. Je has some 54 instances of אֶני 37 of אנכי. In later books the preponderance of אֲנִי is evident. Thus in Ez אני occurs 138 t., אנבי once 36:28 (perh. a reminiscence of Je 11:4 b, 24:7, 30:22); in La Hg Ezr Est Ec אני 45 t., אנכי never; in Ch אני 30 t., אנכי once 1 Ch 17:1 (from 2 S 7:2); in Dn אני 23 t., אנכי once 10:11. Vid. more fully Giesebrecht:ZAW 1881, 251–8 Dr:1.c. 222–7.

אֲנַ֫חְנוּ אֲנ֑חְָנוּ pron. 1 pl. comm. we (the pl. corresp. to אָנֹכִי, as אֲנוּ; to אֲנִי; v. W:SG p. 100; Ph. אנחן CIS:i. 3, 16.17, Aram. אֲנַָחְנָא, Targum also נַחְנָא, Syr. ܐܰܢܰܚܢܰܢ, ܚܢܰܢ, نَحْنُ, nh.h:) Gn 13:8, 29:4, 37:7, 42:11, 42:13, Nu 9:7, Dt 1:28, 1:41, Jo 2:17, 2:18, etc. Like אֲנִי, following a ptcp. as its subj. Gn 19:13, Nu 10:29, Ju 19:18, 2 K 18:26; appended to a vb, for emph. Ju 9:28, 2 K 10:4, Is 20:6.

נַ֫חְנוּ, נָחְָנוּ pron. 1 pl. we (abbrev. from אֲנַחְנוּ; cf. the forms نَحْنُ, nh.a: נַחְנָא, just cited; also As. nîni) Gn 42:11, Ex 16:7, 16:8, Nu 32:32, La 3:42. (In 2 S 17:12 נַחְנוּ is 1 pl. perf. Qal from נוּחַ.)

אֲנָךְ n.[m.] plummet (cf. words in cogn. lang. for lead, tin, etym. dub., perh. foreign; Ar. آنُكُ (v. Frä:153) Syr. ܐܰܢܗܳܐ Mand. אנכא, As. anâku Lyon:Sargontexte 92; v. Lag:Arm. Stud. § 103 cf. Id. BN 175)—אֲנָ֑ךְ exc. once Am 7:8plummet Am 7:7, 7:8, 7:8; חֶוֹמַת א׳ i.e. a vertical wall v:7.

אָֽנֹכִי pron. 1 sg. v. supr. sub אֲנִי. above

† [אָנַן] vb. only Hithpo. complain, murmur (Mish,. אֶנן Aram. אֲנַן, Ar. أَنَّ, As. [anânu], whence ênênu,, unnînu, sigh Zim:BP 22)—Impf. יִתְאוֹנֵן La 3:39 ( sq. עַל־ in ‖ member); Pt. מִתְאֹנְנִים בְּאָוְנֵי י׳ (sq. acc.; vid. Di).

60

† [אָנַס] vb. compel, constrain (late, oft. Mish. id., Aram. אֲנַם, ܐܶܢܰܣ)—Qal Pt. אֵין אֹנֵס viz., to drink Est 1:8 (‖כִּרְחוֹן אִישׁ וָאִישׁ).

† [אָנֵף, אָנַף] vb. (breathe, snort) be angry (MI id., cf. Ar. أَنِفَ As. etc. in deriv.)—Qal Pf. אָנַפְתָּ Ps 60:3, etc.; ImPf. יֶאֱנַף Ps 2:12, etc.;—be angry, of י׳; usually sq. בְּ 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36, Is 12:1, Ps 85:6, Ezr 9:14; abs. Ps 60:3, 79:5; cf. also Ps 2:12. Hithp. id. alw. sq. בְּ & alw. of י׳, Pf. הִתְאַנַּף Dt 1:37, 4:21, 9:20; Impf. וַיִּתְאַנַּף Dt 9:8, 1 K 11:9, 2 K 17:18.

I. אַף:277 n.m.:Gn 30:2 nostril, nose, face, anger (As. appu, face Flood:iii. 27, 29 cf. Hpt KAT:2 Gloss, Ar. أَنْفُ, Eth. 0anf: nose; Aram. ܐܰܦܶܐ, אֲנְפִּין face)—abs. Ps 78:21 +; cstr. Gn 27:45 +; sf. אַפּי Ex 22:23 +, etc.; du אַפַּיִם Pr 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Gn 2:7 + etc.;—In Hex JE (Jos 7:1 P? 23:16 D?).

1. nostril, as organ of breathing Gn 2:7, 7:22, Jb 27:3 cf. Nu 11:20; 2 S 22:9 = Ps 18:9 cf. Is 65:5; Is 2:22, La 4:20, Ez 38:18 (del. Co) Am 4:10; רוּחַ אַפֶּיךָ (of י׳) i.e. wind Ex 15:8; cf. נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ אַפּוֹ 2 S 22:16 = Ps 18:16 (vid. also sub 3); nose sg. Ct 7:5, 7:9, Ez 8:17, 23:25, Pr 30:33 (where play upon diff. meaning of אַף & אַפַּיִם): (a) as organ of smelling Dt 33:10, Ps 115:6; (b) as place of ring for ornament Gn 24:47, Is 3:21, Ez 16:12; (c) as place of ring or hook for captive 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29; for beasts, e.g. swine Pr 11:22; hippopot. Jb 40:24; crocod. v:26.

2. Du. face (esp. in phrase אַפַּיִם אַרְחָה) Gn 19:1, 42:6, 48:12, Nu 22:31, 1 S 20:41, 24:9, 25:41, 28:14, 2 S 14:4, 14:33, 18:28, 24:20, 1 K 1:23, 1:31, Is 49:23, 1 Ch 21:21, 2 Ch 7:3, 20:18, Ne 8:6, also Gn 3:19; גֹּבַהּ אַפּוֹ pride of his countenance Ps 10:4; לְאַפֵּי before, loc. sense (cf. לִפְנֵי) 1 S 25:23; אַפָָּיִם 1 S 1:5 rd. אֶפֶס LXX We Dr (q.v.)

3. mostly anger, human Gn 27:45, 49:6, 49:7 + (45 t.); oftener divine Ex 32:12, Dt 9:19, 2 K 24:20 + (177 t.); oft. subj. חָרָה (וַיִּ֫חַר etc.) his anger was kindled Gn 30:2, 39:19, Ex 4:14, 22:23, 32:10, 32:11 +; in various combinations, esp. חֲרוֹן אַף fierceness of anger Ex 32:12, Nu 25:4, 32:14 +; cf. חֳרִי־אָף 1 S 20:34; בַּעַל־אַף Pr 22:24 one given to anger, etc.; אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger Ex 34:6, Nu 14:18, Ne 9:17 + 7 t. of God; Pr 14:29, 15:18, 16:32, 25:15 of man.

אַפַּיִם n.pr.m. a son of Nadab, 1 Ch 2:30, 2:31.

אֲנָפָה n.f. an unclean bird (cf. As. anpatu Dl:HA 33; mng. quite dub.; on conjectures v. Di Lv 11:19) Lv 11:19, Dt 14:8.

† [אָנַק] vb. cry, groan (Aram. אֲנַק, ܐܶܢܰܩ)—Qal Impf. יֶאֱנֹק Je 51:52; Inf. cstr. אֱנֹק Ez 26:15, both of groaning of wounded (חָלָל). Niph. id., in mourning, lamentation; Inf. cstr. הֵאָנֵק Ez 24:17עָשָׂה אֵבֶל); Pt. נֶאֱנָקִים 9:4 (‖נֶאֱנָחִים sq. עַל.

† I. אֲנָקָה n.f. crying, groaning, in distress (Aram ܐܶܢܰܩܬܳܐ) Mal 2:13 (‖דִּמְעָה, בְּכִי); cstr. אֶנְקַת Ps 12:6 (of poor, אֶבְיוֹן); 79:11 (of prisoner אָסִיר), so 102:21.

† II. אֲנָקָה n.f. ferret, or shrew-mouse, unclean animal Lv 11:30 (Tristr:FFP 24; ܐܳܡܰܩܬܳܐ Targum אקמתא).

† I. [אָנַשׁ] vb. be weak, sick (As. anâšu Zim:BP 56, 70; Wetzst in De:Psalmen, ed. 4, 882 der. fr. II. אנשׁ per antiphrasin; Dl:Pr 160 identified with III. אנשׁ; v. also De:Psalmen, ed. 4, 904; so Lag:BN 60, who comp. سَيْف أَنِيش, weichliches d.h. stumpfes Schwert. It seems safer at present to keep the three distinct). Qal Pt. pass. אָנוּשׁ Jb 34:6 +; אֲנוּשָׁה Je 15:18, Mi 1:9 & so rd. Ps 69:21 (Bi Che) etc.; as adj. incurable, of wound, but metaph. (מַכָּה) Mi 1:9, Je 15:18; cf. Jb 34:6 (חֵץ), Je 30:12 שֵׁבֶר; ‖נַחְלָה מַכָּה); so כְּאֵב אָנוּשׁ Is 17:11; cf. Je 30:15 (מַכְאֹב); cf. יוֹם אָנוּשׁ Is 17:16; also in phr. עָקֹב הַלֵּב מִבֹּל וְאָנֻשׁ הוּא Je 17:9 Niph. Impf. וַיֵּאָנַ֯שָׁ 2 S 12:15 be sick, of child.

II. אנשׁ (cf. Ar. أَنِسَ be inclined to, friendly, social, which however Nö:ZMG 1886, 739 thinks denom., cf. إِنْسُ coll. men, people; v. on the other hand Wetzst:1.c. Zim:BP 20, v. also Lag:BN 68; —hence אֲנָשִׁים pl. of אִישּׁ; v. also sub אישׁ).

אֱנוֹשׁ n.m.:Jb 15:14 man, mankind, mostly poet. (18 t. Jb, 13 t. Psalm, etc.) (Ar. أُنَاسُ (coll.), Aram. אֱנָשׁ, ܐܢܳܫܳܐ (coll.), Nab. אנוש Palm. אנש Sab. אנס DHM:ZMG 1883, 330, also Ar. نَاسُ As. nišu, people, & cf. tenišêtu, humanity, human race, v. COT:Gloss sub אנשׁ & נשׁ & Hpt:KAT 2.497)—abs. Is 8:1 +; cstr. Je 20:10; —

1. of individ. Jb 5:17, 13:9, Ps 55:14, cf. Is 13:12 (‖אָדָם) 56:2 (‖בֶּן־אדם; Je 20:10 שְׁלֽמִי א׳ man of my peace, i.e. my friend.

2. coll. men Is 24:6, 33:8, 51:7, Ps 66:12; = men in general; ordinary men Ps 73:5 cf. חֶרֶט א׳ i.e. a common stylus Is 8:1 (v. אַמַּת אִישׁ Dt 3:11).

3. man, mankind Dt 32:26, Jb 7:1, 14:19, 28:4, 28:13, 32:8, 33:26, 36:25 (‖אָדָם & אֲנָשִׁים v:24) Ps 56:2; esp. opp. God Jb 4:17 (‖גֶּכֶר) 7:17, 9:2, 10:4, 10:5, 15:14, 25:4, 33:12, 2 Ch 14:10; Ps 8:5 (‖בֶּן־אָדָם so Is 51:12; Ps 9:20, 9:21, 90:3 (‖בְּנֵי־אָדָ; 103:15; בֶּן־א׳ 144:3 (‖אָדָם; cf. רִמָּה וּבֶן־אָדָם כִּי־א׳ תּוֹלֵעָה Jb 25:6; מִן־הָאָרֶץ א׳ Ps 10:18; כָּל־לְבַב א׳ Is 13:7 cf. Ps 104:15, 104:15.

אֱנוֹשׁ n.pr.m. son of Seth Gn 4:26, 5:6, 5:7, 5:9, 5:10, 5:11, 1 Ch 1:1.

61

III. אנשׁ (soft, delicate, cf. Ar. أَنُشَ, id., v. Lag:BN 68 Dl:Pr 160, also sub I. אנשׁ; but cf. Nö:ZMG 1886, 739 who der. this mng. fr. feminine).

אִשָּׁה:775 n.f. woman, wife, female (Ar. أُنشَي, Sab. אנתַת etc. DHM:ZK 1884, 360, Aram. אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, ܐܰܢܬܬܳܐ, Palm. Nab. אנתתא, Eth. 0anst: Ph. אשת, As. aššatu COT:Gloss)—א׳ abs. Gn 2:33 +; cstr. אֵשֶׁת Gn 11:29 + (appar. abs. Dt 21:11, 1 S 28:7, Ps 58:9 but cf. Bö:§ 728 Ges:§ 130. 5); sf. אִשְׁתִּי Gn 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Gn 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ Ps 128:3), etc.; Pl.אִשֹּׁת Ez 23:44 (Co לעשׂות); נָשִׁים Gn 4:19 +; cstr. נְשֵׁי Gn 4:23 +; sf. נָשַׁי Gn 30:26, 1 K 20:7; נְשֵׁיכֶם Ex 22:23 +, etc.;—

1. woman Gn 3:1, 3:2, 12:11 +; opp. man 2:22, 2:23, Ex 35:29, 36:6, Dt 7:2, 7:5; 22:22, 1 S 21:5 +; א׳ emphat. a genuine (or ideal) woman Ec 7:28 (‖אדם); sim. of men as feeble, timid Je 50:37, 51:30; note esp. הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Nu 31:18 (P); as conceiving Ex 2:2, Lv 12:2, 2 S 11:5 +; travailing Je 13:21; bearing children Ju 13:24, 1 K 3:18; cf. Jb 14:1, 15:14, 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Is 49:15; אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gn 18:11; דֶּרֶח נָיִם 31:35; with adj., or app., מֵינֶקֶתא׳ nursing woman, nurse Ex 2:7; זוֹנָה א׳ harlot Jos 2:1, 6:22, Ju 11:1, 16:1, 1 K 3:16, Pr 6:26, Je 3:3, Ez 16:30, 23:44; so זָרָה א׳ Pr 2:16, 7:5; cf. also Ez 23:44 supr.; מְנָאָָפֶת א׳ adulteress Pr 30:20 (cf. אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Ho 1:2; נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת foreign women 1 K 11:1, 11:8, Ezr 10:2, 10:10, 10:11, 10:14, 10:17, 10:18, 10:44, Ne 13:26, 13:27 (cf. v:23); חֲכָמָה א׳ wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2 S 14:2, 20:16, etc.; also פִּילֶגֶשׁ א׳ concubine Ju 19:1, 19:27: אַלְנָה א׳ widow 2 S 14:5, 1 K 11:26, 17:9, 17:10; נְבִיאָה א׳ prophetess Ju 4:4; also cstr. bef. noun of quality אֵשֶׁת רָָע Pr 6:24; בְּסִילוּת א׳ 9:13; חֵן א׳ 11:16; חַיִל א׳ 12:4, 31:10, Ru 3:11; מִדְיָנִים א׳ Pr 21:9, 25:24, 27:15; וָכָָעַס מ׳ א׳ 21:19.

2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.) Gn 2:24, 2:25, 3:8, 3:17, 4:1, 4:17 + oft.; of one betrothed (ארשׂ) Dt 20:7, 28:30; אִשָּׁה(הָ)בַּעַל Ex 21:3, 21:22; אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Ju 20:4; לְאִשָּׁה to wife Gn 2:22, 12:19, 16:3, 34:21 + oft. (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subj.); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subj.) Gn 20:12, Nu 36:3, 36:6, 36:6, 36:11, 36:12, Dt 22:19, 22:29 +; for unfaithful wife cf. 1; cstr. in phr. אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶָךָ Dt 13:7 cf. 28:54; נְעוּרֶיךָ א׳ Pr 5:18, Mal 2:14, 2:15; בְּרִיתֶָךָ א׳ v:14; אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Lv 18:8, 18:11, 20:11.

3. Female of animals Gn 7:2, 7:2; v. also sub

4.

4. With distrib. & recipr. sense, מֵאֵת א׳ רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Ex 11:2 (E); cf. Ru 1:8, 1:9, Je 9:19; each one, of birds of prey Is 34:15 cf. v:16 (del. Bi Che); of cows (fig. of heartless women of Isr.) Am 4:3; of sheep (fig. of Isr.) Zc 11:9; & of inanimate things (P, & late) אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ א׳ Ex 26:3, 26:3, 26:5, 26:6, 26:17 (P) Ez 1:9 (del. Co) v:23, 3:13.

אנת (the root of the pron. 2 pers. in Shemitic: أَنْتَ, 0anta: anta; f. أَنْتِ, 0anti: antī; BAram. Kt אַנְתָּה (m.), Targum אַנְתְּ & אַתְּ (both m. & f.); Syr. ܐܰܢܬ, f. ܐܰܢܬܝ, the n being written but not pronounced; As. atta, f. atti-e Dl:§ 55 a, the nt being merged in the double t; Heb. similarly. Pl. أَنْتُمْ, 0antmu: f. أَنْتُنَّ, 0antn: Aram. אַנְתּוּן, ܐܰܬܘܢ, f. אַתִּין, ܐܰܢܬܶܝܢ; As. attunu).

אַתָּ֫ה, אָָתָּה (so regularly; but 26–7 t., with different disj. accents, אַָתָּה: v. Fr:MM 228; Sta:§ 178 a (rd. 8 for 18) pron. 2 s.m. thou (for anta, v. supr.; cf. נָתַּתָּ for נָתַנְתָּ) Gn 3:11, 3:19 + oft. Written אַתָּ1 S 24:19, Ps 6:4, Jb 1:10, Ec 7:22, Ne 9:6. Appended to a vb. for emph., Ex 18:19, 18:19, 1 S 17:56 שְׁאַל אַתָּה inquire thou, 20:8, 22:18, Is 43:26 סַפֵּר אַתָּה. Added for the purpose of strengthening a gen. or accus. sf. 1 K 21:19, Pr 22:19 (Ges:§ 135.2).

אתי, i.e. אַתִּי, the older & more original form of אַתְּ thou (fem.), preserved, prob. dialectically, 7 t. in Kt, Ju 17:2, 1 K 14:2, 2 K 4:16, 4:23, 8:1, Je 4:30, Ez 36:13. (V. supr. As in Syr., the י may not have been fully sounded: the Massorites direct אַתְּ to be everywhere read.)

אַתְּ, אָָתְּ pron. 2 s.f. thou (fem.) (shortened from אַתִּי (q.v.); in Syr. the two genders are written differently, أَنت, but, the أَنتي not being sounded, are pronounced alike: in Targum both are written אַתְּ or אַנְתְּ) Gn 12:11, 12:13, 24:23 + oft. Thrice Nu 11:15, Dt 5:24, Ez 28:14 used as a masc. (as in Aram. of Targum); but prob. אַתָּ (v. sub אַתָּה) should be here read.

אַתֶּם pron. 2 m.pl. you (masc.) (for antem, v. supr.) Gn 9:7, 26:27, 29:4 + oft. With הֲ, הָאַתֶּם † Ju 6:31; following the vb. for emph. Ju 15:12, Je 34:15; construed inaccurately with a fem. Ez 13:20.

אַתֵּן Ez 34:31 (many edd. אַתֶּן), אַתֵּ֫נָה Gn 31:6, Ez 13:11, 13:20 (edd. אַתֵּ֫נָּה) 34:17 pron. 2 f.pl. you (fem.)

I. אסה (perh. cf. Ar. أَسَا heal, Aram. אֲסָא, ܐܶܣܳܐ).

אָסָא n.pr.m. (perh. healer) king of Judah, son of Abijam and father of Jehoshaphat 1 K 15:8, 15:9, 15:11 + 24 t. 1 K 15, 16, 22; 1 Ch 3:10, 9:16, 2 Ch 13:23 + 28 t. 2 Ch 14–21; Je 41:9.

II. אסה (cf. Ar. أَسِيَ be sorrowful, distressed).

62

אָסוֹן n.m. mischief, evil, harm; alw. abs. without art. Gn 42:4, 42:38 (as subj. of קרא), 44:29 (קרה), Ex 21:22, 21:23 (היה).

אָסוּךָ v. סוך. p. 692

אסם (gather, store, Aram. ܐܶܣܰܢ).

† [אָסָם] n.m.:Pr 3:10 storehouse (Aram. אסנא, id., أَسْنْا store, supply) pl. sf. אֲסָמֶיךָ Dt 28:8, Pr 3:10.

אַסְנָה n.pr.m. (Aram. אֲסָנָא thorn-bush?) head of a family of Nethinim Ezr 2:50 (om. Ne 7:52).

אָֽסְנַת n.pr.f. wife of Joseph (LXX ̓Ασεννεθ, LXXL ̓Ασσενεθ; Egyptian, = belonging to (goddess) Neith (Thes); Cook:Speaker's Comm. i. 479 prop. either As-Neit, favourite of Neith, or < Isis-Neit) Gn 41:45, 41:50, 46:20.

אָסַף:200 vb. gather, remove (As. asâpu, Dl:Pr 45)—Qal Pf. אָסַף Gn 30:23 +; אָסַפְתָּ Ps 85:4, etc.; Impf. יֶּאֱסֹף 2 K 5:3; יַאַסְפֵנִי Ps 27:10, etc.; also וַיֹּסֶף 2 S 6:1; 2 ms. תֹּסֵף Ps 104:29; 1 s. אֹסְפָה Mi 4:6; so prob. (sf.) אֹסִֽפְךָ 1 S 15:6 (rd. אֹסִפְךָ) v. Kö:i. 382 Dr:Sm; Imv. אֱסֹף Nu 21:16 + אֶסְפָה Nu 11:16; 2 fs. אִסְפִּי Je 10:17; אִסְפוּ Ps 50:5 +; Inf. abs. אָסֹף Je 8:13 + (Hiph., fr. סוף acc. to Ba:NB 73); cstr. אֱסֹף 2 K 5:7 +; אָסְפְּךָ Ex 23:16; אָסְפְּכֶם Lv 23:39; Pt. act. אֹסֵף Nu 19:10; אֹסִפְךָ 2 K 22:20, 2 Ch 34:28 (pointed אֹסִֽפְךָ i.e. Hiph.; cf. Kö:l. c.); אֹסְפָם Ps 39:7; pass. pl. cstr. אֲסֻפֵי Ez 34:29; —

1. gather, collect (a) persons Gn 29:22, 42:17 (sq. אֶל־) Ex 3:16, 4:29, Nu 11:16, 11:24, 21:16, Jos 2:18 (sq. אֶל־ + ־ה loc.) 24:1 (sq. ־ה loc.; all these JE); 1 S 5:8, 5:11, 2 K 23:1 (sq. אֶל־) Jos 2:16, Is 11:12, Zp 3:8, Hb 2:5, Ez 11:17 (all ‖קבץ) +; collect men, people, armies, etc., for fighting Nu 21:23 (E) Ju 11:20, 1 S 17:1, 2 S 10:17, 12:29 +; cf. Zc 14:2 (sq. עַל־ against); (b) once obj. beasts Je 12:9; (c) things, esp. fruits of earth Ex 23:10, 23:16 (Cov't code) Lv 25:3, 25:20, 25:39 (H) Dt 11:14, 16:13, 28:38, Is 17:5, Je 40:10, 40:12, Jb 39:12, Ps 39:7; cf. Ru 2:7 (‖לקט glean); the quails Nu 11:32, 11:32; food in gen. (מַאֲכָל) Gn 6:21 (sq. אֶל־); eggs Is 10:14; money 2 K 22:4, 2 Ch 24:11; ashes of red heifer Nu 19:9, 19:10; chariots 1 K 10:26, 2 Ch 1:14, etc.; of fisherman (בְּמִכְמַרְתּוֹ, in metaph.) Hb 1:15; of collecting wind Pr 30:4 מִי ־רוּחַ בְּחָפְנָיוא׳.

2. gather an individual into company of others: (a) obj. pers. esp. gather to one's father 2 K 22:20 (עַל־אֲבֹתֶיךָ) = 2 Ch 34:28 (אֶל־; both ‖ Niph. of same vb. q. v.); hence also (b) bring, obj. pers. 1 S 14:52 (on form here v. Dr) 2 S 11:27 (both sq. אֶל־), association, responsibility, protection being implied; also of stray ox or sheep Dt 22:2 (sq. אֶל־תּוֹח); hence also (c) take up, care for, subj. י׳ Ps 27:10 (cf. perh. Is 40:11 קבץ); (d) draw up the feet upon the bed (אֶל־) Gn 49:33.

3. bring up the rear of Is 58:8 יַאַסְפֶָךָ כְּבוֹד י׳ i.e. be thy rear-guard (‖הָלַח לְפָנֶיךָ חִדְקֶָךָ)—52:12 has Pi. מְאַסִּפְכֶם q. v. †

4. gather and take away, remove, withdraw 1 S 14:19 (obj. hand), Je 10:17 (bundle, sq. מִן), leprosy 2 K 5:11 (v. חרע); cf. also מִצָּרַעַת א׳, remove (set free) a man from leprosy v:3; v:6; v:7; Gn 30:23, Is 4:1 (reproach), Ps 85:4 (wrath, ‖הֵשִׁיב), Je 16:5 (peace, sq. מִן), Jo 2:10, 4:15 (light), Ps 26:9 (נֶפֶשׁ) so Ju 18:25; Ps 104:29 (רוּחַ) v. also Jb 34:14 (sq. אֶל־); hence destroy 1 S 15:6 obj. pers.); pass. אֲסֻפֵי רָעָב destroyed with hunger Ez 34:29; also Inf. abs. Je 8:13, Zp 1:2 (joined with הֵסִיף fr. סוף, v. Kö:i. 445; considered Hiph. Inf. abs. by Ba:NB 73 v. supr.) Niph. Pf. נֶאֱסַף Nu 27:13 + נֶאֶסְפָה Je 48:33 etc.; Impf. יֵאָסֵף Ex 9:19 +; וַיֵּאָ֫סֶף Gn 25:8 +; יֵאָסֵפָוּן Ps 104:22 etc.; Imv. הֵאָסֵף Dt 32:50; הֵאָֽסְפִי Je 47:6; הֵאָֽסְפוּ Gn 49:1 +; Inf. abs. הֵאָסֹף 2 S 17:11 (on form cf. Ba:NB 74); cstr. הֵאָסֵף Gn 29:7, Nu 12:15; Pt. נֶאֱסָף Gn 49:29; נֶאֱסָפִים 1 S 13:11, Is 13:14; נֶאְסָפִים Is 57:1; —1. assemble, be gathered, reflex. (a) subj. men Gn 49:1 (‖קבץ v:2), Is 43:9 (‖קבץ), 2 Ch 30:3 (sq. לְ) v:13 (sq. acc. loc.), Ezr 3:1, 9:4, Ne 8:1, 8:13 (all sq. אֶל־) 9:1, 12:28; earlier mostly of assembling for war Gn 34:30 (sq. עַל־), Jos 10:5, Ju 6:33, 9:6, 10:17נחעק), 20:11 (sq. אֶל־) v:14 (sq. ־ה loc.), 1 S 13:11 (sq. acc. loc.) +; (b) subj. flocks, etc. Gn 29:3 (pass.; sq. שָׁמָּה) v:7, v:8 (all J); fish Nu 11:22 (cf. Hb not found1:25 Qal); (c) inanim. subj. herbs Pr 27:25; water 2 S 14:14 (in sim.); bones for burial Je 8:2 cf. 25:33 (bodies of slain) v. also Ez 29:5 (‖קבץ which Co rds. קבר), appar. = compose, arrange for burial. 2. pass. of Qal 2; (a) be gathered to one's fathers אֶל־אֲבוֹתָיונֶא׳ Ju 2:10; elsewh. to one's people אֶל־עַמָּיו (all P) Gn 25:8, 25:17, 35:29 (‖וַיִּגְוַע וַיָּמָת) 49:29, 49:33 (‖גוע), Nu 20:24, 20:26 (‖מות 27:13, 27:13, 31:2, Dt 32:50, 32:50 (both ‖מות); also אֶל־קִבְרֹתֶיךָ 2 K 22:20 = 2 Ch 34:28 both ‖ Qal q.v.); hence also (b) be brought in (into association with others, etc.) Nu 12:14, 12:15 (E) of Miriam, after leprosy; also refl. betake oneself, of Moses 11:30 (E), cf. 2 S 17:13 (both sq. אֶל־); even with inanim. subj. Je 47:6 הֵאָֽסְפִי אֶל־תַּעְרֵח (addressed to sword); of man & beast brought home (sq. ־ה loc.) for protection Ex 9:19.

3. Pass. of Qal 4; be taken away, removed, perish, of men Is 57:1, 57:1 (‖אבד); fish Ho 4:3; gladness Is 16:10, Je 48:33 (sq. מִן); also reflex., withdraw itself, of moon Is 60:20 (‖בוא שׁמשׁ). † Pi. Pt. מְאַסֵּף Nu 10:25 +; מְאָֽסְפָיו Is 62:9 (so BD v. Kö: i. 201); מְאַסִּפְכֶם Is 52:12; —1. gather harvest Is 62:9 (‖קבץ); bodies for burial Je 9:21. 2. take in, receive into (sq. בַּיְתָה) Ju 19:15, 19:18. 3. as subst. rearguard, rearward Nu 10:25 (P) Jos 6:9, 6:13 (both E); fig. of God Is 52:12. † Pu. Pf. וְאֻסַּף (cons.) Is 33:4, Zc 14:14 etc.; Pt. מְאֻסָּף Ez 38:12be gathered, of men Is 24:22, Ho 10:10 (sq. עַל against), Ez 38:12; booty Is 33:4; wealth Zc 14:14. † Hithp. Inf. הִתְאַסֵּף Dt 33:5 gather themselves.

63

אֹ֫סֶף n.m.:Is 32:10 gathering (on formation cf. Ba:NB 109) of summer fruit אָסְפֵּי־קַיִץ Mi 7:1; cf. abs. אֹסֶף Is 32:10; הֶחָסִיל א׳ gathering of the locust, i.e. as the locust devours, destroys Is 33:4.

אָסָף n.pr.m. (gatherer, cf. Ph. n.pr.f. אספת) †

1. father of יוֹאָח the recorder 2 K 18:18, 18:37 = Is 36:3, 36:22.

2. one of David's chief musicians, a Levite, son of Berechiah 1 Ch 6:24, 6:24 (‖הֵימָן v:18, אֵיתָן v:29 vid. these names); 15:17 (‖ Heman & Ethan, all called) הַמְּשֹׁרֲרִים v:19; v. also 16:5, 16:5, 16:7 cf. v:37 (‖ Heman & Jeduthun v:41; v:42); 25:9, named with Heman & Jeduthun also 25:6, 2 Ch 5:12, 35:15; Ps 50, 73–83 are ascribed to Asaph; cf. also בִּימֵי דָוִיד וְאָסָף Ne 12:46; he is called also הַחֹזֶה 2 Ch 29:30, cf. אָסָף הַנִּבָּא עַל־יְדֵיהַמֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 25:2; repeated mention is made also of sons of A saph בְּנֵי־אָסָף, sons, descendants, and pupils, or those who sang and played after his manner 1 Ch 25:1 (‖ Heman & Jeduthun) v:2; v:2; called הַמְּשֹׁרֲרִים 2 Ch 35:15, Ezr 2:41, Ne 7:44, 11:22, cf. Ezr 3:10; performing service of purification, Hezekiah's time 2 Ch 29:13; one of them prophesying 2 Ch 20:14; —1 Ch 26:1 for בְּנֵי אָסָף rd. בְּנֵי אֶבְיָסָף, cf. 9:19; on זִכְרִי 9:15, זַבְדִּי Ne 11:17, זַכּוּר12:35, called בֶּן־אָסָף, v. these names. †

3. keeper of king's park Ne 2:8.

אָסִיף n.[m.] ingathering, harvest (on formation cf. Lag:BN 173 Ba:NB 136) חַג הָאָסִיף Ex 34:22 (J); הָאָסִף ה׳ Ex 23:16 (E)—both Cov't codes.

† [אָסֹף] n.[m.] what is gathered, store, hence בֵּית הָאֲסֻפִּים store-house, near south gate of temple 1 Ch 26:15 (cf. 2 Ch 25:24); v:17 הָא׳ alone in same sense; cf. אֲסֻפֵּי הַשְּׁעָרִים Ne 12:25.

אֲסֵפָה n.f. verbal. a collecting, gathering; אַסִּיר אֻסְּפוּ א׳ Is 24:22 they are collected, as a collecting captives unto a pit (dungeon); or they are gathered with a gathering (as) captives, cf. 22:18; but perh. rd. אֹסֶף הָאַסִּיר (cstr.); v. Weir Che.

† [אֲסֻפָּה] n.f. collection (cf. Ph. אספת assembly) only בַּעֲלֵי אֲסֻפּוֹת Ec 12:11 (דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים) compared to driven nails; members of learned assemblies Thes MV al.; so postB. Heb. NHWB:i. 127; but Hitz-Now al. refer to the wise utterances, called lords (possessors) of collection because of their well-connected grouping.

† [אֲסַפְסֻף] n.[m.] collection, rabble, only הָאסַפְסֻף Nu 11:4 of the camp-followers attending Hebrews at the Exodus.

אַסְפָָּתָא n.pr.m. 3rd son of Haman Est 9:7 (Pers. aspadâta, ab equo sacre datus acc. to Thes Add:71, after Pott & Benfey).

† [אָסַר] vb. tie, bind, imprison (Ar. أَسَرَ, As. asâru, cf. COT:Gloss, Aram. אֲסַר, ܐܶܣܰܪ, Eth. 0asara: 0’a3ara:)—Qal Pf. sf. אֲסָרָם Jb 36:13; 3 fs. אָֽסְרָה Nu 30:5 +, etc.; Impf. יֶאְסֹר 1 K 20:14; וַיֶּאֱסֹר Gn 42:24; וַיֶּאְסֹר Gn 46:29 +; pl. sf. יַאַסְרֻנִי Ju 16:7 etc.; Imv. אֱסֹר 1 K 18:44, 2 K 9:21; אִסְרוּ Je 46:4, Ps 118:27; Inf. abs. אָסֹר Ju 15:13; אָסוֹר 16:11; cstr. לָאְסֹר Nu 30:3 +; לָאֱסוֹר Ju 15:10; לֶאֱסָרְךָ 15:12; אָסְרָם Ho 10:10; Pt. act. cstr. אֹסְרִי Gn 49:11; pass. אָסור Gn 40:3 +; pl. אֲסוּרִים 39:20 +; also Ju 16:21, 16:25 Qr (Kt אסירים); הָסוּרִים Ec 4:14 (cf. NOW); אֲסֻרוֹת 2 S 3:34; cstr. אסורי Gn 39:20 Kt (Qr אֲסִירֵי);—

1. tie, bind, for security, foal to vine (sq. ל) Gn 49:11 (blessing of Jacob); horses and asses 2 K 7:10, 7:10, Ps 118:27 is dub. De bind the festal victim with cords; Che bind the procession with branches, etc.

2. tie, harness, kine to (ב) cart 1 S 6:7, 6:10; so (metaph.) Ho 10:10 harness them to (ל) their two iniquities (but Jer Ew Now make א׳ here = יסר chastise, cf. אֶסֳּרֵם v:a); also sq. acc. chariot Gn 46:29 (J) Ex 14:6 (E) 2 K 9:21; abs. 1 K 18:44, 2 K 9:21; even of making ready chargers הַסּוּסִים א׳ Je 46:4 (‖עֲלוּ הַפָּרָשִׁים).

3. bind, with cords, fetters, etc., as prisoner, Simeon Gn 42:24 (E), Samson Ju 15:10, 15:12, 15:13, 15:13, 15:13, 16:5, 16:7, 16:8, 16:11, 16:11, 16:12; בַּנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם א׳ 2 K 25:7 = 2 Ch 36:6 = Je 39:7, 52:11; also 2 Ch 33:11; cf. (without בַּנ׳) 2 K 17:4 (בֵּית בֶּלָא א׳עָחַת ), 23:33; cf. of divine chastisement Jb 36:13 & v. also Ez 3:25, Ps 149:8; fig. of absolute authority Ps 105:22; esp. Pt. pass. 2 S 3:34 thy hands were not bound (‖ and thy feet not put in fetters); בָּאַזִקִּים א׳ Je 40:1 cf. בַּזִּקִּים א׳ Jb 36:8 (prob. fig. ‖חַבְלֵי־עָֹנִי); metaph. of king held captive by a woman's tresses Ct 7:6; perh. = imprisoned (whether bound or not) Gn 39:20 40:3, 40:5 (all JE); as subst. pl. prisoners Gn 39:20 (Kt, v. supr.); so (late) as distressed, & obj. of divine compassion Is 49:9, 61:1, Ps 146:7; בֵּית האסי֯רים prison Ju 16:21, 16:25; cf. Ec 4:14.

4. gird (rare & late) אֵווֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶם א׳ Jb 12:18 (אֵזוֹר = slaves&atO;’ waistcloth, RS p. 25 supr.; Hoffm rds. וַיָּסַר for וַיֶּאְסֹר); חַרְבּוֹ אֲסוּרִים עַל־מָתְנָיו Ne 4:12.

5. sq. מִלְחָמָה begin the battle, make the attack (cf. Germ. mit jemandem anbinden) 1 K 20:14, 2 Ch 13:3.

6. fig. of obligation of oath or vow (only Nu 30, P) עַל־נֶפֶשׁ א׳, usually sq. acc. cogn. אֱסָר, אִסָּר Nu 30:3, 30:5, 30:5, 30:6, 30:8, 30:9, 30:11, 30:12; without אֱסָר etc., v:7; v:10; cf. v:4 אִסָּר א׳ (עַל־נֶפֶשׁ om.) Niph. pass. of Qal 3, be, bound, imprisoned, Impf. (juss.) יֵאָסֵר Gn 42:19 (E); 2 ms. תֵּאָסֵר Ju 16:6, 16:10, 16:13 (of Samson); Imv. הֵאָֽסְרוּ Gn 42:16 (E). Pu. Pf. be taken prisoner אֻסְּרוּ Is 22:3; אֻסָָּרוּ ib.

64

אֵסוּר n.m.:Ju 15:14 band, bond (Aram. אֱסוּר, ܐܰܣܽܘܪܳܐ; on the form v. Ges:§ 84 a 12. R.) אֲסוּרָיו, of Samson Ju 15:14; אֲסוּרִים Ec 7:26 of hands of evil woman; בֵּית הָאֵסוּר = prison Je 37:15.

אָסִיר n.m.:Gn 39:20 bondman, prisoner (Ar. أَسِيرُ, Aram. ܐܰܣܺܪܳܐ, MI אסר)—א׳ abs. Ps 79:11, 102:21; pl. אֲסִירִם Gn 39:22 +, cf. Ju 16:21, 16:25 Kt; cstr. אֲסִירֵי Ps 107:10 +, Gn 39:20 Qr; אֲסִירָיו Ps 69:34 +, etc.;—Prisoner Gn 39:20, 39:22 (J), elsewhere only poetic; Is 14:17; as having rest in grave from task-master Jb 3:18; esp. as obj. of divine compassion Ps 68:7 (‖יָתִיר), 69:34 (‖אֶבְיוֹן); אֶנְקַת א׳ 79:11, 102:21 (both ‖בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה), 107:10 עֳנִי וּבַרְזֶל א׳ (‖ישְׁבֵי חשֶׁח וְחַלְמָָוֶת); cf. אָָרֶץ א׳ La 3:34; specif. of liberated exiles of Isr. Zc 9:11, called captives of hope הַתִּקְוָה א׳ v:12.

אַסִּיר n.[m.] mostly coll. prisoners (acc. to Ol:§ 185 a corruption of אָסִיר, cf. Lag:BN 110) taken in battle Is 10:4 (Lag:Symm i. 105; GGA 1884, 259 rds. חַת אֹסִיר etc., Osiris is broken, but cf. Che:crit. n.), 24:22 (sim. of judgment upon kings of earth); 42:7 (‖ישְׁבֵי חשֶׁךְ; ref. to exiled Isr., but v. also Hi Che Di); 1 Ch 3:17 בְּנֵי יְכָנְיָה אַסִּר prob. = sons of Jeconiah the captive (yet note omission of art.) so Be Zö Öt al.; LXX Vulgate trans. as n. pr.

אַסִּיר n.pr.m. son of Korah Ex 6:24, 1 Ch 6:7; called son of Ebiasaph v:8, v:22.

אִסָּר n.m.:Nu 30:8 bond, binding obligation (cf. BAram. אֱסָר, Syr. ܐܶܣܳܪ; so forms with suff. infr. v. Ba:NB 62 cf. Sta:§ 208 a; but perh. Aram. loan-word v. Lag:BN 175)—א׳ abs. Nu 30:3 +; cstr. v:13; sf. אֶסְרָהּ v:5; pl. sf. אֱסָרֶיהָ v:6; v:15, אֱסָרֶהָ v:8—only Nu 30 (P), binding obligation of oath or vow; mostly acc. cogn. with אָסַר (q.v.); Nu 30:3, 30:4, 30:5, 30:5, 30:6, 30:8, 30:11, 30:12; אִסָּר נַפְשָׁהּ v:13; שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר binding oath v:14.

מָסֹ֫רֶת n.f. cstr. הַבְּרִית מ׳ bond of the covenant Ez 20:37 (= מַאֲסֹרֶת; text dub. cf. Lag:GN 1882, 168 f. M 61; Co rds. מוסר, i.e. מוּסָר v. sub יסר; so SyrVer).

† [מוֹסֵר] n.m.:Is 28:22 band, bond, poet. & late (= מֹאסֵר; Eth. m40sar: Syr. ܡܶܐܣܰܪܬܳܐ, cf. As. mêsiru, sheathing, plating, e.g. Lyon:Sargontexte, p. 16, l. 65 & p. 80)—cstr. מוֹסַר Jb 12:18 (so Di Hoffm al. for מוּסַר); pl. מוֹסֵרוֹת Je 5:5, 27:2; cstr. מֹסְרוֹת Jb 39:5; מוֹסְרֵי Is 52:2; sf. מוֹסֵרָי֑ Ps 116:16; מוֹסְרוֹתֶיךָ Je 30:8; מוֹסְרֵיכֶם Is 28:22; מוֹסְרוֹתֵי֑מוֹ Ps 2:3 etc.;—bands acc. after פִתֵּהַ Jb 39:5 restraining-bands of wild ass; Ps 116:16 bonds of distress; Is 52:2 חַוָּארֵח מ׳ bonds of captivity of Zion, vb. Hithp.; cf. also Jb 12:18 מוֹסַר מְלָכִים פִּתֵּחַ (so rd., v. supr. & AV RV); Di understands bonds imposed by kings; Hoffm girdles of kings, & rds. וַיָּסַר in ‖, for וַיֶּאְסַר; more oft. acc. after נִתֵּק Ps 2:3 bonds imposed by י׳ & his anointed, cf. Je 5:5 & 2:20 (LXX Vulgate, v. Comm.); of Yahweh's breaking bonds of Isr. Je 30:8, Na 1:13 (last four ‖שָׁבַר עֹל), bonds of oppressed Ps 107:14; יֶחְזְקוּ מ׳ Is 28:22, i.e. bonds imposed by Assyria; cf. Je 27:2 (‖מֹט) lit., symbol. of rule of Nebuchadrezzar.

מוֹסֵרָה n.pr.loc. station of Isr. in wilderness, where Aaron died (this was Mt. Hor acc. to Nu 20:22 f, 33:37 f.) Dt 10:6; locality unknown. Another form is

מֹסֵרוֹת n.pr.loc. id., Nu 33:30, 33:31.

אֵסַרְחַדֹּן n.pr.m. Esarhaddon (As. Ašuraḫ-iddina, Ashur hath given a brother) king of Assyria B.C. 681–668, son & successor of Sennacherib Is 37:38 = 2 K 19:37 (van d. H. אֵסַר־חַדֹּן); Ezr 4:2; cf. COT.

אֶסְתֵּר n.pr.f. Esther (Pers. stâra, star)—daughter of Abihail, cousin and adopted daughter of Mordecai, of tribe of Benjamin; made queen in Vashti's place by Ahasuerus; her Jewish name הֲדַסָּת q.v. Est 2:7, 2:8, 2:10, 2:11, 2:15, 2:15, 2:16, 2:17 + 47 t. Est.

I. אַף v. sub אנף. p. 60

II. אַף conj. denoting addition, esp. of something greater, also, yea (so Ph. Aram. ܐܳܦ, אַף, אוֹף; cf. فَ).

1. very rare in plain prose (in which גַּם is more usual): Gn 40:16* (*with pron., as rather often) I also in my dream, Nu 16:14, Dt 2:11*, 2:20*, 2 S 20:14, (v. Dr) 2 K 2:14*, Est 5:12; more freq. in poetry, esp. as introducing emphatically a new thought Dt 33:3, 33:20, 33:28, 1 S 2:7, Ps 16:6, 16:7, 16:9, 18:49, 65:14 they shout for joy, yea, they sing! 68:9, 68:17, 74:16, 89:28*, 93:1, Pr 22:19*, 23:28* +; or in more elevated prose style, Lv 26:16*; 26:24*; 26:28*; 26:41*; and 25 t. in the impassioned rhetoric of Is:2 (40:24–48:15), e.g. 40:24, 41:10, 41:26, 42:13, 43:7, 43:19, 46:11 yea, I have spoken, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed, I will also do it! 48:12, 48:15. Implying something surprising or unexpected, even, indeed Jb 14:3, 15:4*. וְאַף and also Lv 26:39, 26:40, 26:42, 26:44, Dt 15:17, Hb 2:15, Ps 68:19, 1 Ch 8:32* = 9:38*, 2 Ch 12:5*, Ne 2:18, 13:15; and even Jb 19:4 וְאַף־אָמְנָם שָׁגִיתִי and even indeed (if) I have erred…With הֲ, הַאַף indeed…? really…? † Gn 18:13, 18:23 wilt thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked? v:24, Am 2:11, Jb 34:17, 40:8. In contrast to a preceding thought (expressed or implied) but, nay (imo) Ps 44:10, 58:3; cf. Ju 5:29*.

2. (Equally in prose and poetry) with ref. to a preceding sentence, yea, à fortiori, the more so (= how much more! after an affirm. clause; = how much less! after a neg. one): † 2 S 4:10 f. when one told me, Saul is dead…I took hold of him and slew him…אַף כִּי־אֲנָשִׁים רְשָׁעִים הָרְגוּ וג׳ à fortiori, how much more (should I do so when wicked men have slain a righteous person, etc.! Ez 14:21 (Ew Hi) 15:5, Pr 21:27 (in all these passages כִּי = when) Jb 4:19. So וְאַף1 S 23:3, 2 K 5:13…וְאַף כִּי־אָמַר אֵלֶיךָ and the more (= and how much rather), when he hath said to thee, etc. More commonly in this sense strengthened by כִּי (q. v.), v. infr.

65

אַף כִּי

1. furthermore † Ez 23:40, Hb 2:5 (Ges quin imo, quin etiam).

2. in a qu., indeed (is it) that…? † Gn 3:1 אַף כִּי־אָמַר אֱלֽהִים indeed, that God has said…? i.e. has God really said…? (cf. הַאַף above).

3. with ref. to a preceding sentence (which is often introduced by הֵן or הִנֵּה), yea, that…! i.e. how much more (or less) ! † Pr. 11:31 lo, the righteous is recompensed in the earth אַֹ֜ף כִּי רָשָׁע וְחוֹטֵא &atO;’tis indeed that (= how much more) the wicked and the sinner! 15:11, 17:7, 19:7, 19:10, Jb 9:14, 15:16, 25:6, 1 S 14:30, 1 K 8:27 (= 2 Ch 6:18) lo, the heavens…cannot contain thee ןַאף כִּי הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה &atO;’tis indeed that this house (cannot do so), i.e. how much less this house! 2 Ch 32:15. So וְאַף כִּיDt 31:27, 1 S 21:6 (perh.; but v. RS:Sem. i. 436 Dr:Sm 293) 2 S 16:11. (In Jb 35:14 (Hi De) Ne 9:18 אַף כִּי is simply = yea, when…)

אפד (existence & mng. dub. Thes MV al. identify with אָפַד gird on, but this denom. v. infr.; Lag:BN 178; GN 1890, p. 15 prop. وفد, come as ambassador, as √ of אֵפוֹר).

אֵפוֹד (28 t.) & אֵפֹד (20 t.) n.m.:Ex 28:7 ephod (Eth. 0efud: cf. Aram. ܦܶܕܬܳܐ id. (on mng. v. Lag:l. c.), perh. also As. pid, pittu Zim:BP 39; on form v. Ges:§ 84 a 12. R. but Lag:l. c. comp. وفاد, & thinks אֵפוֹד shortened from חֵשֶׁב הָא׳robe of approach’ to God)—א׳ abs. Ex 25:7 +; cstr. 1 S 2:18 +;—

1. ephod, priestly garment, shoulder-cape or mantle; a. as worn by ordinary priest made of white stuff (בַּד) 1 S 22:18; נֹשֵׂא א׳ cf. 2; so Samuel as a temple-servant 2:8; חָגוּר א׳ girt with an eph.; so David when dancing before ark 2 S 6:14 (id.) 1 Ch 15:27 וְעַל דוד א׳; b. as prescribed in P for high priest, more costly, woven of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, & linen (? שֵׁשׁ) threads, provided with shoulder-pieces & breast-piece of like material, ornamented with gems and gold, Ex 25:7, 28:4, 28:6, 28:12, 28:15, 29:5, 35:9, 35:27 + 17 t. Ex 28:39, also Lv 8:7; cf. prob. 1 S 2:28 (נֹשֵׂא א׳) 14:3, 21:10 (v. sub 2); חֵשֶׁכ הָא׳ Ex 28:27, 28:28, 29:5, 39:20, 39:21, Lv 8:7; מְעִיל הָא׳ 29:5, 39:22 (cf. Lv 8:7); with vb. עַל־ נָתַן אֶת־הָא׳ put the ephod on Aaron Lv 8:7.

2. ephod used in consulting י׳ 1 S 23:6 א׳ borne in hand (rd. בְּיָדוֹ יָרַד וְהָא׳ LXX We Dr) v:9, 30:7, 30:7 (all c. חִגִּישׁ) + 14:18 (הגישׁ) & v:18, in both rd. הָא׳ for ארון & v:18 also נֹשֵׂא LXX Klo Dr; a. acc. to Thes MV Di Ex 28:6 al. properly sub 1 b; consultation of י׳ in that case by Urim & Thummim in the breast-piece attached to the ephod (cf. Ex 28:28–30 & v. אוּרִים); if so, in view of נשׂא 1 S 2:28, 14:3, 14:18 (cf. supr.), not used elsewhere = wear exc. 22:18, & of 23:6, the word might be used by meton. for the breast-piece itself; b. others, e.g. Sta:Gesch. i. 466, 471 Bu:RS 115 al., think of an image representing י׳; cf. following.

3. a. ephod of gold made by Gideon Ju 8:27 for a local sanctuary, by which Isr. was ensnared; = 2 b acc. to SyrVer Thes (‘sine controversia’) Stu al. + Sta Bu l. c.; orig. = gold sheathing of an image (cf. etymol. supr. & Is 30:22 sub אֲפֻדָּה); MV Be Kö:Hauptprobleme 59 think of garment, as sub 1 v. supr. b. made (material not given) for a private, local sanctuary Ju 17:5, 18:14, 18:17, 18:18, 18:20 (‖פֶּסֶל, מַסֵּכָה, תְּרָפִים in all, for LXX gives מַסֵּכָה v:20, om. HCT); cf. Ho 3:4 Isr. shall abide without king, prince, sacrifice, pillar, ephod or teraphim; acc. to Thes al. + Sta Bu l.c. = 2 b; Stu Be Ry al. regard as sub 1; in view of distinction from פסל, מסכה & תרפים it seems more likely that this is not an image, but some means of consulting deity, perh. in imitation of Urim & Thummim.

אֵפֹד n.pr.m. father of a chief of Manasseh Nu 34:23.

† [אָפַד] vb. denom. gird on ephod, Qal Pf. וְאָפַדְתָּ לוֹ בְּחֵשֶׁכ חָאֵפֹד Ex 29:5 and thou shalt gird the ephod upon him with the cunningly-wrought band of the ephod; so Impf. וַיֶּאְפֹּד לוֹ בּוֹ (‖חגר )Lv 8:7.

אֲפֻדָּה n.f. ephod (= אֵפוֹד, for which it supplies cstr. & sf. forms).

1. of high-priest's ephod, cf. אֵפוֹד 1 b, only סחֵשֶׁב אֲפֻדָּתוֹEx 28:8, 39:5 the cunningly-wrought band of his ephod.

2. of sheathing of idol-images, אֲפֻדַּת מַסֵּכַתוְהָכֶָךָIs 30:22 (‖חִפוּי פְסִילֵי כַסְפֶּ ךָ) cf. אֵפוֹר 3 a.

66

אַפֶּ֫דֶן n.[m.] palace (Syr. ܐܶܦܰܕܢܳܐ; both from Pers. apadâna cf. Spiegel:Altpers. Keilschr. 128, but this = treasury, armoury, M. Schultze:ZMG 1885, 48 f) אָהלֵי אַפַּדְַנוֹDn 11:45 of the ‘king of the north’, i.e. Antiochus Epiphanes.

אָפָה vb. bake (As. êpû, Zim: BP 43 Aram. אֲפָא ܐܶܦܳܐ)—Qal Pf, א׳ Gn 19:3; אָפִיתִי Is 44:19; וְאָפו consec. Lv 26:26 etc.; Impf 3 fs. sf. וַתֹּפֵהו1 S 28:24; יאֹפו Ez 46:20; תּאֹפו Ex 16:23; Imv. אֵפו Ex 16:23; Pt. אֹפֶה Gn 40:1+; אֹפֵהֶם Ho 7:6; pl. אֹפִים Gn 40:16 + ; אֹפוֹת 1 S 8:13, etc.—bake, obj. לֶחֶםLv 26:26 (H) Is 44:15, 44:19 (cf. Je 37:21); מַצּוֹת Gn 19:3 (J) 1 S 28:24 עֻגוֹת מחות Ex 12:39 (J); חַלּוֹת Lv 24:5 (H); מִנְחָה Ez 46:20; מָן Ex 16:23, 16:23. (P;—c 2nd obj. of material Ex 12:39 בָּחֵק, Lv 24:5 סֹלֶת, 1 S 28:24 קֶמַח). Pt. alw. as subst. baker Gn 40:1, 40:2, 40:5, 40:16, 40:17, 40:20, 40:22, 41:10 (all E) Ho 7:4, 7:6; Je 37:21 מִחוּץ הָא׳ out of the bakers&atO;’ street; also 1 S 8:13 (‖טַבָּחוֹת, רַקָּחוֹת only here fem.) Nowhere as a menial office, not even 1 S 8:13 where despotic power & growth of court emphasized. Niph. Impf. 3 fs. סתֵּאָפֶה Lv 6:10, 7:9; 3 fpl. תֵּאָפֶינָה Lv 23:17; —pass. of Qal be baked, baken of לֶחֶם Lv 23:17; מִנְחָה 7:9 cf. 6:10.

מַאֲפֶה n. [m.] thing baked, cstr. מִנְחָה מַאֲפֵֶה תַנּוּר Lv 2:4.

אֵפוֹ (Jb 17:15, 19:6, 19:23, 24:25), elsewh. אֵפוֹא (cf. רִבּוֹ and רִבּוֹא ), enclitic part. then (prob. from פּוֹ , a part. with a demonstr. force, cf. פּוֹ, פֹּה here, with א prefixed. In the Targs. פּוֹן is used somewhat similarly, e.g. Gn 26:10, Nu 11:29, Is 1:9, 48:18, 48:19),—used

1. in connexion with interrogatory pronouns or adverbs (like ἄρα, ποτε tandem): מִי אֵפוֹא Gn 27:3 who, then,…? v:37 ; וּלְכָה אֵפוֹא מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה and for thee, then, what shall I do, my son ? Ex 33:16 וּבַמֶּה יִוָּדַע אֵפוֹא and wherein shall it be known, then...? אַיה אֵפוֹא where, then ? Ju 9:38, Is 19:12, Jb 17:15; Ho 13:10 אֱהִי מַלְכְךָ אֵפוֹא Is 22:1 מַה־לָּח אֵפוֹא what is there to thee, pray…?

2. in a command or wish : 2 K 10:10 דְּעוּ אֵפוֹא ? know, then; (in apod.) Pr 6:3, Jb 19:6; Jb 19:23 מִיּ־יִתֵּן אֵפוֹ וְיִכָּֽתְבוּן מִלָּי֑ would, then, that my words were written !

3. after אִם Gn 43:11 אִם־כֵּן אֵפוֹא ואֹת עֲשׂו if it be so, then, do this, Jb 9:24 if not then, who is it ? 24:25.

אֲפִיחַ n.pr.m. an ancestor of Saul Is 9:1(etymology & meaning dubious).

אפל (Ar. أَفَلَ disappear, depart, set (of the sun)).

אֹ֫פֶל n.m. Jb 3:6 darkness, gloom (only poet.)—א׳ alw. abs.—

1. darkness,, of night Ps 91:6 (opp. חָֽהֳרַיִם deep in the earth, אֶבֶן א׳ Jb 28:3 (‖חשֶׁח חַלְמָוֶת); darkness, gloom of underworld Jb 10:22, 10:22 (‖אֶרֶץ חשֶׁח עֵיפָפָהא׳ חַלְמָוֶת); personif. Jb 3:6 that nightlet darkness take it יִקָּחֵהוּ א׳; fig. of spiritual darkness Is 29:18 (‖חשֵׁח); of secrecy, treachery Ps 11:2.

2. esp. fig. of calamity, Jb 23:17 (‖חשׁ ך q.v.), 30:26 (opp. סאוֹר ).

אָפֵל adj. gloomy, of day of י׳ Am 5:20 (‖כשׁך opp נֹגַהּ) cf. אֲפֵלָג .

אֲפֵלָה n.f. darkness, gloominess, calamity—א׳ Ex 10:22 +; אֲפֵלָתְךָ Is 58:10; pl. אֲפֵלוֹת Is 59:9

1. darkness Dt 28:29, Pr 7:9 (‖אִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה); of supernatural darkness in Egypt Ex 10:22; of day of . י׳ (cf. Am 5:20 sub סאָפֵל ) Jo 2:2, Zp 1:15 (both ‖חשׁך ענן, רְפל) sim. of wickedness Je 23:18, Pr 4:19.

2. fig. of calamity Is 8:22 (‖חֲשֵׁכָה), 58:10 (‖חשׁ ך, opp. חהרים ), 59:9 (‖ id., opp. נגהות)

אָפִיל adj. (darkened, concealed, thence) late, of crops;—אֲפִּילֽת Ex 9:32 of wheat & spelt.

מַאֲפֵל n.[m.] darkness, Jos 24:7 (E) וַיָּשֶׂם בֵּינֵיכֶם וג׳ מ׳ between Hebrews & Egyptians.

מַאְפֵּלְיָה n.f. deep darkness (= מַאֲפֵל יָהּ acc. to Thes MV cf. Ct 8:6 שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה; but EW:§ 165 b & on Je 2:31 rds. מַאְפִּלִיָה fem. of [מאפלי], der. fr. Hiph. Pt. ; cf. Sta:§ 302 b מַאְפְּלִיָּה; Jäger:BAS 471 thinks this יָה an enclitic part. of emphasis, & camp. As.)—only אֶרֶץ מ׳ Je 2:31 fig. of י׳ in dealing with his people (‖מִרְבָּר).

אֶפְלָל v. sub פלל . p. 813.

אפן (meaning dub., perh. turn, cf. פנה)

אוֹפַן אוֹפָן n.m.Ez1:20 wheel.—abs. אוֹפַן 1 K 7:32 +; אוֹפָן Ex 1:16 +; cstr אוֹפַן 1 K 7:33, Is 28:27 אוֹפָן Ex 14:25 pl. אוֹפַנִּים 1 K 7:32+ ; cstr. אוֹפַנֵּי 1 K 7:30; אוֹפַנֵּיהֶם Ez 10:12, etc.—a. wheel of chariot (מֶרְכָּבָה) Ex 14:25, 1 K 7:33, Na 3:2; of (threshing) cart (עֲגָלָה) Is 28:27 cf. Pr 20:26 (as instr. of punishment). b. wheels in Ezek.'s vision Ez 1:15, 1:16, 1:16, 1:19, 1:19, 1:20, 1:20, 1:21 (del. Co) 1:21, 3:13, 10:6, 10:9, 10:9, 10:9, 10:10, 10:10, 10:12, 10:12, 10:12, 10:13, 10:16, 10:16, 10:19, 11:22. c. wheels of the ten bases beneath the lavers in Sol.'s temple 1 K 7:30, 7:32, 7:32, 7:32, 7:33.

67

† [אֹ֫פֶן] n. [m.] circumstance, condition (perh. lit. turning) only du. (or pl.) sf. עַל־אָפְנָיו = in (right) circumstances Pr 25:11 (cf. Str ad loc., also Orelli:Syn. d. Zeit u. Ewigkeit 38 f.).

אָפָוּנָה Ps 88:16 (ἅπ. λεγ Dl:Pr 135 f. comp. As. appuna (ma) adv =; maê dišvery, very much, but dub.; Thes MV form fr. √ פון & comp. Ar أَفَنَ diminuit, mente diminuit (Frey.), hence be confused, helpless, cf. LXX ἐξηπθρήθην Vulgate contur-batus sum; others emend אָפוּגָה fr. פּטּג q.v. A vb. however is not needed for parallelism).

אָפֵס (cf. פָּסַס) vb. cease, fail, come to an end: only Qal Pf. 3 ms.; Gn 47:15, 47:16 (of money, כֶּסֶף), Is 16:4 (extortioner: ‖תַּם כָּלָה), 29:20 (terrible one: ‖כָּלָה, נִכְרַת), Ps 77:9 (חסְדּוֹגָּמַר).

אָָפֶס אֶ֫פֶס n.m. prop. ceasing, hence

1. end, extremity, only in the poet. phrase אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ (Ps 59:14 הארץ א׳) ends, extreme limits, of the earth, used esp. hyperbolically: Dt 33:17, 1 S 2:10, Mi 5:3, Je 16:19, Ps 2:8, 59:14, 72:8 (=Zc 9:10); + כָּל־ Is 45:22, 52:10 b, (= Ps 98:3 b) Ps 22:28, 67:8, Pr 30:4.

2. Expressing non-existence: a. as subst. (mostly a rare poet. syn of אַיִן): Is 34:12 and all his princes יִהְיוּ אָָפֶס shall become nought, (41:29; 41:12 יִהְיוּ כְאַיִן וּכְאֶפֶס; 40:17 מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ (‖כְּאַיִן) as made of nought and worthlessness are they accounted by him, 41:24 (rd. פָּעָלְכָם מֵאָָפֶס, ‖מֵאַיִן v. אֶפַע); 52:4 and Asshur oppressed him בְּאֶפֶס for nought. b. as part. of negation, prop. cessation of. . ! (cf. …אֵין nought of...), very rare in prose (2 S 9:3), chiefly a poet. syn. of אֵין Is 5:8 עַד אֶפֶס מָקוֹם till there is an end of place = till there is no place (cf. עַָד אֵין Ps 40:13), Am 6:10 (cf. אָֽיִן Ju 4:20), Dt 32:36 (hence, in prose, 2 K 14:26), Is 45:6 (cf. אָין 43:11) v:14 46:9, 54:15; אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד Zp 2:15, Is 47:8, 47:10 is prob. to be rendered, ‘I am, and there is none besides’ (so Ges Ew Di etc.), the י being ‘paragogic’ as in זוּלָתי etc. (Ges:§ 90, 3 a Ew:§ 211 b), cf. וְאֵין עוֹד Is 45:5, 45:6, 45:18, 45:21; but acc. to De the י is sf. of 1 S ‘Iam, and I am nought besides’ (i.e. and I am nought besides my all-sufficient self).—בְּאֶפֶס (like בְּאֵין, q.v.) without: Pr 14:28, 26:20, Jb 7:6, Dn 8:25. c. as adv. of limitation: (a) only: † Nu 22:35 (cf. אַח v:20) 23:13. (b) אֶפֶס כִּי save that, howbeit (qualifying a preceding statement): † Nu 13:28, Dt 1:5, Ju 4:9, Am 9:8 (+ 1 S 1:5 LXX We Sta Dr). So אֶפֶס alone † 2 S 12:14 (the foll. כִּי signifying because).

† [אֹ֫פֶס n.[m.] only in the du. אָפְסָָים not א׳; v. Baer), lit. the two extremities, i.e. either the soles of the feet (so AW Ges; cf. Aram. פִּיסְּתָא, ܦܰܣܬܳܐ, or the ankles (so SyrVer Targum Vulgate, & most): only Ez 47:2 מֵי א׳ water of (i.e. reaching to) the soles (or ankles); cf. v:4 מֵי מָתְנָָיִם water reaching to the loins.

אֶ֫פֶס דַּמִּים n.pr.loc. in Judah, c. 16 miles SW. of Jerusalem, called in 1 Ch 11:13 פַּס דַּמִּים, (meaning unknown; Lag:BN 76 on basis of MSS. of LXX would read ספר מים edge or brink (ܣܦܳܪ) of water; but such a pronounced Aramaism is not probable), only 1 S 17:1.

† [אֶ֫פַע] מֵאָָפַע Is 41:24 txt. err. for מֵאָָפֶס v. אפס; so Vulgate Targum Saad Thes Ew Di al.

אֶפְעֶה v. sub פעה p. 821

אָפַף vb. surround, encompass (As. apâpu Zim:BP 59)—Qal Pf. אָֽפְפוּ Ps 40:13 ;אְפָפוּנִי Ps 18:5 +;—encompass (poet.) lit. Jon 2:6 (subj. מַיִם); fig., subj. evils & misfortunes רָעוֹת Ps 40:13; (sq. עָלַי); מִשְׁבְּרֵי מות 2 S 22:5, cf. חֶבְלֵי מ׳ Ps 18:5, also 116:3.

† [אָפַק] vb. hold, be strong (so Thes wh.comp. Ar. أَفِقَ excel = multum valuit; MV comp. also فاق)—only Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. הִתְאַפָָּקוּ Is 63:15; Impf. קַיִּתְאַפַק Gn 43:21, Est 5:10; 2 ms. תִּתְאַפֵּק Is 64:11; אֶתְאַפָָּק Is 42:14; וָאֶתְאַפַּק 1 S 13:12

1. force, compel oneself 1 S 13:12.

2. restrain oneself, refrain Gn 43:31, 45:1, Is 42:14, Est 5:10; of י׳ Is 64:11; of Yahweh's compassion Is 63:15, מֵעֶיךָ וְרַחֲמֶיךָ אֵלַי הִתְּאַפָָּקוּ (almost passive).

† [אָפִיק] n.m.:2 S 22:16 channel (as holding, confining waters; poet.)—cstr. אֲפִיק Jb 6:15; pl. אֲפִיקִים Ez 6:3 +; אֲפִקִים Ez 32:6; cstr. אֲפִיקֵי Jo 1:20 +; sf. אֲפִיקֶיךָ Ez 35:8; אֲפִיקָיו Is 8:7channel = stream-bed, ravine, wady מַיִם א׳ Ps 42:2, Jo 1:20 cf. 4:18, Ct 5:12; also Ps 18:16, but better יָם א׳ 2 S 22:16; נְחָלִים א׳ Jb 6:15; of river-bed Is 8:7; so also (without defining word) Ez 31:12, 32:6, 34:13, Ps 126:4; ‖גַּיְא Ez 6:3, 35:8, 36:4, 36:6; fig. of bones of hippopotamus (as hollow) נְחֻשָׁה ־׳ Jb 40:18; of furrows betw. scales of crocodile מָגִּנִּים א׳ 41:7מְזִיהַ אֲפִיקִים Jb 12:21 is dub.; Thes MV Di al. say girdle of the strong (אָפִיק = firm forceful, or—Di—capable, powerful); ‖נְדָבִים.

אֲפֵק אֲפִיק (Ju 1:31) n.pr.loc. Aphek (perh. enclosure, or fortress).

1. city near Jezreel (As. Apḳu, cf. Dl:Pa 287) Jos 12:18, 1 S 29:1 (אֲפֵָקָה, so) 1 K 20:26, 20:30 cf. 2 K 13:7

2. city in tribe of Asher Jos 19:30, Ju 1:31 (אֲפִיק).

3. city NE. of Beirût, mod. Afqa Jos 13:4 אֲפֵָקָת v. Di.

4. place near Mizpah 1 S 4:1 (cf. 7:12).

68

אֲפֵקָה n.pr.loc. (mng. perh. id.) one of a group of cities including Hebron Jos 15:53.

I. אפר (cf. perh. أَفَرَ leap, أَفِرَ be agile; v. אבק).

אֵ֫פֶר n.[m.] ashes (as light, flying?)—א׳ abs. Gn 18:27 +; cstr. Nu 19:9, 19:10ashes of red heifer, used in purifications Nu 19:9, 19:10; on head, as sign of humiliation 2 S 13:19; contrition Dn 9:3 (‖חוֹם, שַׂק), Jon 3:6 (‖שַׂק) cf. Jb 42:6 (עָפָר וא׳), Is 58:5 (‖שַׂק); mourning Est 4:1, 4:3 (‖שַׂק) cf. Jb 2:8 (ישׁב בתוך הא׳), Je 6:26 (‖שַׂק), Ez 27:30 (‖עפר); in sim. scattereth hoarfrost כָּא׳ Ps 147:16; but also as filthy, loathsome כעפר וא׳ Jb 30:19 (Di sim. of mourning, grief), as worthless, מִשְׁלֵי א׳ Jb 13:12 proverbs of ashes; fig. of worthlessness Is 44:20; insignificance עפר וא׳ Gn 18:27; ignominy Ez 28:18, Mal 3:21; distress & sorrow כַּלָּחֶם אָכָָלְתִּי א׳ Ps 102:10 (so As. cf. Zim:BP 42) cf. La 3:16, Is 61:3 (פְּאֵר תַּחַת אֵפֶר).

II. אפר (enclose, envelope, As. apâru, attire Dl:Pr 54; Thes comp. Ar. غَفَرَ, cover; MV comp. Aram. ܡܰܥܦܪܳܐ, מעפרא, mantle, turban; but connection of √ (غ) ע פּ׳ with אפר is dub.)

אֲפֵר n.[m.] covering, bandage (As. ipru, covering Zim:BP 95, êpartu, garment, Id.:ib. & Dl:Pr 54) עַל־עֵינָיו א׳ 1 K 20:38 cf. v:41.

אֶפְרֹחַ v. פרח. p. 827

אַפִּרְיוֹן n.[m.] sedan, litter, palanquin (so NH; origin dub.; no plausible Shemitic etymol.; perh. (so RS in Yule:Gloss. of Anglo-Indian words, 502) Skr. paryaṅka, litter-bed, ‘palankeen;’ perh. (if poem be late) Gr. φορε͂ον;—LXX has φορεῖον, Vulgate ferculum, SyrVer ܦܽܘܪܝܳܐ, Targum פּוֹרְיָא) Ct 3:9 עָשָׂה לוֹ הֶמֶּלֶח שְׁלֽמֹה א׳.

אֶפְרַ֫יִם n.pr.m. Ephraim (Gn 41:52 connected with הִפְרָה, Hiph. of פרה, cf. פרא Hiph. Ho 13:15).

1. 2nd son of Joseph Gn 41:52, 46:20; reckoned among sons of Jacob, blessed by him, and given preference over Manasseh 48:1, 48:5, 48:13, 48:14, 48:17, 48:17 (cf. v:19) v:20, v:20, 50:23, Nu 1:10, 1 Ch 7:20, 7:22.

2. בְּנֵי אֶפְרַיִם (= descendants, tribe of E.) Nu 1:32, 2:18, 2:18, 2:24, 7:48, 10:22, 26:35, 26:37, Jos 16:5, 16:9 (boundaries of territory), 17:8, 1 Ch 9:3, 12:31, 27:10, 27:14, 27:20, 2 Ch 28:12; less oft. מַטֵּה א׳ Nu 1:33, 13:8, Jos 21:5, 1 Ch 6:51; מַטֵּה בְנֵי־א׳ Nu 34:24, Jos 16:8 cf. 14:4; שֵׁבֶט א׳ Ps 78:67 (‖אֹהֶל יוֹסֵף); בֵּית א׳ Ju 10:9; also א׳ alone, tribe Ephraim Nu 26:28, Dt 33:17, Jos 16:10 + oft.; וּמְנַשֶּׁה אֶרֶין א׳ Jos 17:17 cf. Ju 12:15, 2 Ch 30:10 esp.

3. הַר־אֶפְרַיִם the mountain-country of Ephraim, a ridge stretching from N. to S. through territory assigned to Ephr., with fruitful land on both slopes, esp. the western (cf. Di Jos 16:1) Jos 17:15, 19:50, 20:7, Ju 2:9, 3:27, 4:5 + 26 t.

4. by Ho & Is (rarely later) אֶפְרַיִם = kingdom of northern Israel (from Ephr. as largest & strongest tribe in it) Ho 4:17, 5:3, 5:3, 5:5 (‖יִשְׂרָאֵל) v:11; v:12 + 30 t. Ho; Is 7:2, 7:5, 7:8, 7:9, 7:17 + 9 t. Is; also Je 7:15, 31:9, 31:18, 31:20, Ez 37:16 (del. Co) v:19, Ps 78:9, 2 Ch 25:7, 25:10 cf. 30:1, Ps 60:9 = 108:9; עָרֵי א׳ 2 Ch 17:2 cf. 34:6; שְׂדֵה א׳ Ob:19; hence א׳ alone in loc. sense 2 Ch 31:1; also Ho 5:9, where fem. (& perh. Is 7:2). †

5. יִעַר אֶפְרַיִם 2 S 18:6, E. of Jordan; LXXL Klo rd. יער מַחֲנַיִם cf. 17:24, 17:27. †

6. name of a city near Baal-hazor 2 S 13:23 (= THE FOLLOWING &ADI; IS PART OF THE GREEK WORD - NO ENTITY IN GREEK̓Εφραïμ John 11:54 & I Macc 11:34 ? Klo comp. LXXL Γοφραιμ & עפרון, Qr עֶפְרַיִן 2 Ch 13:9; so previously Bö Th Ke cf. Dr). †

7. שַׁעַר אֶפְרַיִם a chief gate of Jerusalem 2 K 14:13, 2 Ch 25:23, Ne 8:16, 12:39; perh. at NW. angle, near Holy Sepulchre, cf. Schick-Guthe:ZPV 1885.

אֶפְרָת v. אפרתה. below

אֶפְרָ֫תָה n.pr (v. Sta:§ 308 d. 1; 342 d. 2; Morgenl. Forsch. 215)—might in several cases, e.g. Gn 35:16, be אֶפְרָת + ה loc., but v. Ru 4:11; —

1. n.pr.loc. place near Bethel, where Rachel died & was buried Gn 35:16, 35:19, 48:7 (אֶפְרָת only Gn 48:7 where ה perh. dropped on acc. of ה following (Ol); in last two passages הוא בית לחם is a gloss, v. Di; cf. 1 S 10:2).

2. id., a name of Bethlehem Mi 5:1, Ru 4:11; cf. perh. כָּלֵב אֶפְתָָה 1 Ch 2:24 (LXX ὴ͂λθεν Χαλὲβ εἰς ̓Εφράθα).

3. id. Ps 132:6, perh. applied to district where Kirjath Jearim lay, on the border of Judah & Benjamin, cf. De Che.

4. n.pr.f. אֶפְרָת name given to wife of Caleb 1 Ch 2:19 = אֶפְרָתָָח v:50, 4:4.

אֶפְרָתִי adj.gent. Ephrathite.

1. Ephraimite, cf. אֶפְרָתָה 1. Ju 12:5, 1 S 1:1 (of ancestor of Elkanah) 1 K 11:26 (of Jerob.)

2. from א׳ 2; מִבֵּית לֶחֶם א׳ 1 S 17:12 (of Jesse); pl. אֶפְרָתִים מִבֵּית לֶחֶם Ru 1:2.

אפת (meaning dub. √ whence Ar. إِفُتُ calamity, & also wonder, portent; acc. to Thes Ar. √ = إِيفَ suffer evil).

מוֹפֵת n.m.:Dt 29:2 wonder, sign, portent (= מאֹפֵת)—מוֹפֵת Ex 7:9 + 14 t.; מֹפְתִים Ez 12:11; מוֹפֵתִים Dt 4:34 + 4 t.; מֹפְתִים Dt 6:22 + 9 t.; מוֹפְתַי Ex 7:3, 11:9; מוֹפְתָיו Ps 78:43; מֹפְתָיו 1 Ch 16:12, Ps 105:5

1. wonder, as special display of God's power Ex 7:3, 11:9, Ps 105:5, 1 Ch 16:12, Jo 3:3; by Moses and Aaron Ex 4:21, 11:10 cf. 7:9 (in mouth of Pharaoh), by false proph. Dt 13:2, 13:3 (‖אות); usually ‖אות Dt 4:34, 6:22, 7:19, 26:8, 29:2, 34:11, Ps 78:43, 105:27, 135:9, Je 32:20, 32:21, Ne 9:10; applied to effect of Yahweh's curse Dt 28:46 (‖אות); to one protected by י׳ Ps 71:7.

2. sign or token of future event (cf. אוֹי) 1 K 13:3, 13:3, 13:5, 2 Ch 32:24, 32:31; symbolic act Is 20:3 (‖אות); as such the term is applied to persons Is 8:18, (‖אות) Ez 12:6, 12:11, 24:24, 24:27; cf. אַנְשֵׁי מ׳ Zc 3:8 men who serve as a symbol or sign.—Vb. used, of divine act, is נתן Ex 7:9 etc., שׂים Je 32:20; שׂים also of entrusting to human power Ex 4:21, cf. דִּבֶּר 1 K 13:3; of human agency עשׂה Ex 4:21, 11:10, נתן 1 K 13:3, 13:5.

69

אֶחְבּוֹן n.pr.m. 1. אֶעְבֹּן a son of Gad (Sam. אחבעון, LXX Θασοβαν) Gn 46:16 = אָזְנִי Nu 26:16 (LXX ̓Αζενει, ̓Αζαν), this shorter form less probable. 2. אֶחְבּוֹן a grandson of Benjamin 1 Ch 7:7 (LXX ̓Ασεβων, ̓Εσσεβων).

אֶחְבַּע v. II. חבע. p. 840

[אחל] prob. i. q. وَصَلَ to join (cf. on the א W:SG 71).

I. אֵ֫חֶל:61 subst. conjunction, proximity; with sf. אֶחְלִי, אֶחְלוֹ etc.; only used as a prep. a. (as an implicit accus.) in proximity to (as though وِصْلَ Lag:BN 68), beside: Gn 39:10, 39:15, 41:3 and stood אֵחֶל הַפַּרוֹת beside the kine, 1 S 5:2 אֵחֶל דָּגוֹן beside Dagon, 1 K 13:24, 13:25, 21:1, Pr 8:30, Ez 1:15, 1:19, 33:30, 39:15; oft. in phrase (י׳ מ׳) אֵחֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lv 1:16, 6:3, Dt 16:21, 1 K 2:29, Am 2:8 +; of a locality (cf. II. אֵת 2) Dt 11:30 beside the terebinths of Moreh, 1 K 1:9, 4:12, Je 41:17. After a vb. of motion (late) Dn 8:7, 8:17; cf. 2 Ch 28:15 b. b. with מִן, מֵאֵחֶל from proximity to, from beside (cf. מֵאֵת, מֵעִם): † 1 S 20:41 (read with LXX מֵאֵחֶל הָאַרְגָּב from beside the mound); Ez 40:7 contiguous to, beside (מִן 3 c); with suff. 1 S 17:30 וַיָּסָב מֵאֶחְלוֹ and he turned about from beside him, 1 K 3:20, 20:36, Ez 10:16.

† [אָחַל] vb. denom. lay aside, reserve, withdraw, withhold—Qal Pf. אָחַלְתָּ Gn 27:36; אָחַלְתִּי Ec 2:10; וְאָֽלְתִּ֫י cons. Nu 11:17; —reserve, לִי בְרָכָה Gn 27:36; (withdraw), set apart מִן־הָרוּחַ Nu 11:17; withhold מֵהֶם Ec 2:10. Niph. Pf. נֶאֱחַל Ez 42:6 be withdrawn, i.e. shortened or narrowed. Hiph. Impf. וַיָּאחֶל Nu 11:25 (Kö:1. 390) = Qal Nu 11:17.

† II. אֵ֫חֶל in n.pr.[m.] בֵּית־הָאֵ֫חֶל Mi 1:11, acc. to Hi Ew Ca Ke = אָםַחל Zc 14:5, but dub.; cf. II. אָחֵל infr.

† I. אָחֵל, in pause אָחַָל (Ges:§ 29. 4 c) n.pr.m. (perh. noble, cf. אָחִיל 2) a descendant of Jonathan 1 Ch 8:37, 8:38 = 9:43, 9:44.

II. [אָחֵל], in pause אָםַחלZc 14:5, acc. to LXX Targum Thes Ew al., n.pr.loc. near Jerusalem; but no site found, & identification with בֵּית־הָאֵחֶל uncertain; hence Symm Vulgate Köh Wr make subst., אֶל־אָםַחל = very near, hard by (אָחֵל being the supposed abs. form of I. אֵחֶל; cf. Ol:§ 167 b).

אָחִיל n.[m.] side, corner, chief—pl. cstr. אֲחִילֵי Ex 24:11; sf. אֲחִילֶיהָ Is 41:9; —

1. sides (borders) of earth Is 41:9 (‖קחות); cf. ירכתי א׳ Je 6:22 etc.

2. fig. nobles (perh. as sides, supports, cf. sub פִּנּוֹת; so Ew Di: but perh. = أَصِيلُ noble—from أَصُلَ be rooted, أَصْلُ root, met. origin, stock—prop. a man having a (known) origin, sprung from an ancient and famous stock; so Ges, cf. Lag:BN 68) Ex 24:11.

† [אַצִּיל n.[f.] joining, joint (cf. ܝܰܨܺܝܠܳܐ elbow)—pl. cstr. [י]אַצִּילֵי יד Ez 13:18 (on יד cf. Sm Co);—joint of hand, i.e. elbow Ez 13:18; אַצִּילוֹת יָדֶיךָ Je 38:12 arm-joints.—:אַצִּֽילָה Ez 41:8 obscure; perh. א׳ is here a technical architectural term to the joining (cf. Sm Ke).

אֲחַלְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m (Yahweh hath reserved, or set apart) father of Shaphan the scribe 2 K 22:3, 2 Ch 34:8.

אחם (meaning dub., cf. Ar. أَضِمَ be angry ).

אֹ֫חֶם n.pr .m. 1. elder brother of David 1 Ch 2:15. 2. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 2:25.

אֶחְעָדָה v. חעד p. 858

† [אָחַר] vb. lay up, store up (Mish. id., Aram. אֲחַר, ܐܶܨܰܪ, Ar. اَصَرَ confine, restrict)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. אָֽחְרוּ 2 K 20:17; Is 39:6; Pt. הָאֹחְרִים Am 3:10; —store up) treasure 2 K 20:17 = Is 39:6; obj. חָמָס וָשֹׁד Am 3:10, i.e. treasure gained by violence robbery. Niph. Impf. יֵאָחֵר be stored up, of the merchandise of Tyre Is 23:18. Hiph. Impf. וָאוֹחְרָה (cf. Kö:i, 391) (denom. from אוֹחָר) Ne 13:13 and I appointed treasurer, sq. acc. pers. + עַל־אוֹחָרוֹת.

אֵ֫חֶר n.pr.m. (treasure; or covenant Ar. إِصْرُ) a chief of the Horites Gn 36:21, 36:27, 36:30, 1 Ch 1:38, 1:42.

אוֹחָר n.m.:Pr 15:16 treasure, store, treasury, storehouse (so Aram., also ܐܰܘܨܪܳܐ)—אוֹחָר Pr 15:16 +; cstr. אוֹחַר Jos 6:19 +; sf. אוֹחָרוֹ Dt 28:12 + 2 t.; pl. אוֹחָרוֹת Jo 1:17 +; אֹחָרוֹת Pr 21:6 +; cstr. אוֹחְרוֹת Mi 6:10 +; אֹחְרוֹת Jb 38:22 +; pl. sf. :אוֹחְרֹתָֽי Dt 32:34, Is 39:4; :אֹחְרֹתָֽי Dt 32:34; אוֹחְרוֹתֶיךָ Je 17:3; אוֹחְרֹתָם Is 30:6; אֹחְרֹתֵיהֶם Pr 8:21, etc.—

1. treasure(s), gen. pl. (gold, silver, costly utensils, etc.) Jos 6:19, 6:24, Is 2:7, 30:6, 45:3 (חשֶׁח א׳, i.e. concealed, hoarded) Ho 13:15, Je 15:13, 17:3, 20:5, 48:7, 49:4, 51:13, 1 K 14:26, 14:26, 2 K 24:13, 24:13, perh. also Is 39:2, 39:4 = 2 K 20:13, 20:15; wealth Pr 15:16, 21:6, 21:20; gathered for temple-building (sg.) בֵּית י׳ א׳ 1 Ch 29:8, הַמְּלָאכָה א׳ Ezr 2:69 = Ne 7:70, also v:69 (cf. 1 Ch 26:27).

2. store, supply of food, drink, etc., 2 Ch 11:11, 1 Ch 27:27, 27:28; fig. רֶשַׁע א׳ Mi 6:10, Pr 10:2; הִיא אוֹחָרוֹ יִרְאַת י׳ Is 33:6.

3. בֵּית אוֹחָר a. treasure-house Ne 10:39 cf. Dn 1:2; b. storehouse, magazine Mal 3:10; & without בית a. treasure-house or chamber, treasury 1 K 7:51, 15:18, 15:18, 2 K 12:19, 14:14, 16:8, 18:15, Je 38:11, 50:37 (?) 1 Ch 9:26, 26:20, 26:20, 26:22, 26:24, 26:26, 28:12, 28:12, 2 Ch 5:1, 16:2 (?) 32:27 cf. Ez 28:4; b. storehouse Jo 1:17, Pr 8:21, 1 Ch 27:25, 27:25, Ne 13:12, 13:13; c. magazine of weapons, fig. of Yahweh's armoury Je 50:25; d. storehouses of God for rain, snow, hail, wind, sea Dt 28:12, Jb 38:22, 38:22, Je 10:13, 51:16, Ps 135:7, 33:7.

70

אֶקְדָּח v. קדח. p. 869

אַקּוֹ n.m. wild goat (?) only Dt 14:5 in list of clean animals וָזָ֑מֶר אַיָּל וּחְבִי וְיַחְמוּר וְאַקּוֹ וְדִישׁוֹן וּתְאוֹ (LXX ὄρυξ, SyrVer Targum ibex; cf. Bo:Hieroz. i. 900 f., Thes sub אנק cf. MV, with ref. to Ar. عناق goat; Thes comp. also Talm. אִיקָא, but NHWB MV refer this to αἴξ).

אֹר v. אוֹר, for Am 8:8 v. יְאֹר. p. 20, 384

אֲרָא n.pr.m. (meaning unknown, Thes conject. = אֲרִי lion) a descendant of Asher 1 Ch 7:38.

אֶרְאֵל, אַרְאֵלִי v. אֲרִיאֵל sub I. ארה. p. 72

אָרַב vb. lie in wait (Ar. أَرُبَ be crafty, also أَرَبَ tie (a knot) Frey)—Qal Pf. וְאָרַב consec. Dt 19:11, Ju 21:20; :אָרָֽבְתִּי Jb 31:9; אָֽרְבוּ Ps 59:4, La 4:19; Impf. יֶאֱרֹב Ps 10:9, 10:9; יֶאֱרָֹבוּ Pr 1:18, Mi 7:2; וָיְּֽ אֶרְבוּ Ju 9:34, 16:2; נֶֽאֶרְבָה Pr 1:11; Imv. אֱרֹב Ju 9:32; Inf. אֱרָב־ Pr 12:6; Pt. אֹרֵב Jos 8:2 + 11 t.; אוֹרֵב Jos 8:12 + 4 t.; אֹרְבִים Jos 8:4 + 2 t;—lie in wait (with hostile purpose), abs. Ju 9:32, 9:43 + 21:20, Jb 31:9, Ps 10:9, Pr 7:12, 23:28, 1 S 22:8, 22:13, La 3:10 (of bear, cf. Ps 10:9); c. inf. of purpose Ps 10:9; c. acc. דָּם א׳ Pr 12:6; c. עַל, and pers. against whom Dt 19:11, Ju 9:34; usually c. ל Mi 7:2, Ju 16:2, Ps 59:4, Pr 1:11, 1:18, 24:15, La 4:19 cf. Jos 8:2, 8:4, 8:14; Pt. as subst. = liers-in-wait (pl.) Ju 20:29; usually sg. coll. ambush Jos 8:2, 8:12, 8:14, 8:19, 8:21, Ju 16:9, 16:12, 20:33, 20:36, 20:37, 20:37, 20:38, Ezr 8:31; pl. of this sing. = ambuscades Je 51:12; sg. = place of lying-in-wait, ambush (loc. sense) Jos 8:7. Pi. Pt. pl. liers-in-wait i.q. Qal Pt מְאָֽרְבִים Ju 9:25 (c. ל), 2 Ch 20:22 (c. עַל). ? Hiph. Impf. זַיָּרֶב בנחל (for וַיַּאֲרֶב) 1 S 15:5 (cf. Dr Kö:i. 390; Ges-Kau:§ 68. 2 queries) but txt. dub.; cf. Ol:§ 237 b, & Klo, who prop. ויעבר בנחל.

† [אֶ֫רֶב] אָָרֶב n.[m.]

1. a lying-in-wait Jb 38:40.

2. covert, lair 37:8 (‖מְעֹנֹת ).

אֲרָב n.pr.loc. city near Hebron Jos 15:52 (LXX ̓Ερεμ, LXXL ̓Ερεβ; acc to Onomoast. ̓Ερεμινθα Lag:On. 254, 2nd ed. 260 Ereb Id.:119, 2nd ed.152, a village Heromith in Daroma; cf. Di Survey:iii. 311).

אַרְבִּי adj.gent. הָא׳ 2 S 23:35 (but cf. Dr).

† [אֹ֫רֶב] n.[m.] ambuscade only fig.—a. יָשִׂים אָרְבּוֹ Je 9:7 i.e. he planneth treachery. b. אָרְבָּם their intrigue Ho 7:6 cf. Now:p.126.

† [אָרְבָּה n.f artifice, pl. cstr. אָרְבוֹת ידיו Is 25:11 (lit. tricks of his hands).

אֲרֻבָּה n.f lattice, window, sluice (Mish. id.)—א׳ Ho 13:3; pl. אֲרֻבּוֹת 2 K 7:2 +, cstr. id.. Mal 3:10; אֲרֻבֹּת Gn 7:11, 8:2; אֲרֻבֹּתֵיהֶם Is 60:8; — lattice, latticed opening, where smoke escaped Ho 13:3; openings of dove-cote Is 60:8; metaph. of eyes Ec 12:3 (as latticed by lashes ? Hi Now; only here of opening to look through); elsewhere of sluices in sky, opened by י׳, through which rain pours destructively, הַשָּׁמַיִם א׳ Gn 7:11, 8:2, cf. Is 24:18 (מִמָּרוֹם מ׳); but also fertilizing 2 K 7:2, 7:19 (בשׁמים א׳); fig. of blessing Mal 3:10 (השׁמים א׳).

אֲרֻבּוֹת n.pr.loc. (= אֲרָב? cf. Klo ad loc.) 1 K 4:10 בָּאֲרֻבּוֹת.

מַאֲרָב n.m. ambush—אֲרָב ? Jos 8:9 + 2 t.; מַאְ֯רָב Ju 9:35; cstr. מַאֲרַב Ps 10:8; —

1. a. ambush, place of lying-in-wait Jos 8:9, Ju 9:35; b. lurking-place Ps 10:8 (‖מִסְתָּרִים).

2. liers-in-wait 2 Ch 13:13, 13:13 (cf. ארב Pt.)

אַרְבֵאל cf. בֵּית אַרְבֵאל, sub בית. p. 111

אַרְבֶּה v. sub רבה. p. 916

אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה, אַרְבַּ֫עַת, אַרְבָּעִים etc. v. רבע. pp. 916 f

אָרַג vb. weave (Mish. id. cf. Ph. ארג weaver)—Qal Impf. 2 fs. תַּאַרְגִי Ju 16:13, 3 mpl. יֶאֱרָֹגוּ Is 59:5; Pt. אֹרֵג Ex 28:32 + 4 t.; pl. אֹרְגִים Is 19:9 + 5 t.; אֹרְגוֹת 2 K 23:7; —weave cloth, etc. Is 19:9 (in Egypt) 2 K 23:7, Samson's locks Ju 16:13; metaph. weave spider's web = intrigue Is 59:5; most often Pt. used as subst. = weaver Is 38:12; work of the weaver מעשׂה א׳ Ex 28:32, 39:22, 39:27 cf. 35:35; weavers' beam (p1.) מְנוֹר א׳ 1 S 17:7, 2 S 21:19, 1 Ch 11:23, 20:5 (sim. of huge spear-shaft)—cf. also sub יַעֲרֵי ארגים.

71

אֶ֫רֶג n. [m.] loom (v. GFM:POS Oct.1889)—אֶרֶג Ju 16:4 hand-loom to which Samson's hair was fastened, plucked up by him (א׳ obj. of וַיִּסַּע; del. הַיְתַד as gloss, cf. GFM supr.); Jb 7:6 יָמַי קַלּוּ מִנִּי אָָרֶג my days are swifter than a loom.

אַרְגֹּב v. רגב. p. 918

אַרְגָּז v. רגז. p. 919

אַרְגְּוָן n.[m.] purple (of Aram. form, cf. Heb. infr.; perh. txt. err.) = purple thread 2 Ch 2:6 (+ כַּרְמִיל וּתְכֵלֶת), cf. 2:13, 3:14 sub אַרְגָּמָן.

אַרְגָּמָן n.[m.] purple, red-purple, i.e. purple thread & cloth (As.argamannu COT Ex 25:4, Ar. أَرْجَوَانُ, Aram. ܐܰܪܓܘܳܢܳܐ, cf. אַרְגְּוָן supr.; etym. dub.; possibly Skr. râgaman, adj. red, reddish, fr. râga, red colour, so Benary cf. Thes Add:111 RobGes; vid. MV; Thes earlier, fr. רגם; but prob. loan-word, cf. also Lag:BN 205; Pers. ارغوان is also cited by PS)—form alw. as above—

1. purple thread, cf. esp. Ex 35:25, 39:3, Est 1:6; a. mostly Ex (P) with ref. to the hangings of tabernacle, the ephod, etc.; seld. alone; c. תְּכֵלֶת, violet (q.v.), תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי, (מָשְׁזָב) שֵׁשׁ, (also עִוִּים) Ex 25:4, 26:1, 26:31, 26:36, 27:16, 35:8, 35:25, 35:35, 36:8, 36:35, 36:37, 38:18, 38:23, 39:24 (on text v. Di) v:29; with these + זָהָב 28:5, 28:6, 28:8, 28:15, 39:2, 39:3, 39:5, 39:8; om. שֵׁשׁ מ׳ 28:33, 39:1; also of temple-hangings, with תְּכֵלֶת, בּוּץ & כַּרְמִיל 2 Ch 3:14 cf. 2:13 (v. also 2:6 v. sub אַרְגְּוָן). b. as indicating wealth & luxury of Tyre, c. שֵׁשׁ, רִקְמָה, תְּכֵלֶת Ez 27:7; c. רִקְמָה & בּוּץ v:16 (as articles of commerce); also in Persia, c. בּוּץ Est 1:6.

2. purple cloth, chiefly of garments, בֶּגֶד א׳ Nu 4:13, Ju 8:26; וְתַכְרִיח בּוּץ וְא׳ Est 8:15, לְבוּשָׁהּ שֵׁשׁ וְא׳ Pr 31:22 ; לְבוּשָׁם תְּכֵלָת וְא׳ Je 10:9; also מֶרְכָּבוֹ א׳ Ct 3:10; in simile, of woman's hair Ct 7:6.

אַרְדְּ n.pr.m. Gn 46:21 son of Benjamin, but Nu 26:40 grandson of Benjamin = אַדָּר 1 Ch 8:3.

אַרְדִּי adj.gent. c. art. as n.pr.coll., הָאַרְדִּי מִשְׁפ׳ Nu 26:40 .

אֲרוֹד n.pr.m. son of Gad Nu 26:17 = אֲרוֹדִי Gn 46:16 .

אֲרוֹדִי adj. gent. c. art. as n.pr.coll., מִשְׁפ׳ הָא׳ Nu 26:17; without art. as n.pr. = אֲרוֹד Gn 46:l6.

אַרְדּוֹן n.pr.m. son of Caleb, of tribe of Judah 1 Ch 2:18 .

אַרְוָד n.pr.loc. city of Phenicia (As. Aruada, etc. v. COT Gn 10:18, Dl:Pa 281; LXX ̓Αραδιοι; mod. Ruâd) on an island near main land, northward fr. Tripolis, mentioned with Sidon Ez 27:8 cf. 11.

אַרְוָדִי adj.gent. c. art. as n.coll. (As. Arudai, etc. COT:Gloss) mentioned among Canaanites, הָאַרְוָדִי Gn 10:18 = 1 Ch 1:16.

אֲרִידַי n.pr.m. a son of Haman Est 9:9 (Pers., perh. = haridayas, delight of Hari, v. Add Thes:72; but text very uncertain; cf. diff. tradition as to the names in LXX).

אֲרִידָָתָא n.pr.m. a son of Haman Est 9:8 (Pers., perh.= Hari-dâta, given by Hari, v. ib., but LXX Φαραδαθα).

† I. [אָרָה] vb. pluck, gather (Eth. 0araya:)—Qal Pf. 1 s. אָרִיתִי Ct 5:1; 3 pl. sf. וְאָרוּהָ Ps 80:13 pluck (grapes from) vine Ps 80:13, myrrh Ct 5:1.

אֲרִי n.m.: Pr 28:15 lion (As. aria, Eth. 0arwe: wild beast, cf. also אַרְיֵה infr.)—אֲרִי Am 3:12 +13 t.+ 2 S 23:20 Qr (Kt אריה), La 3:10 (id.) + Ps 22:17 (כָּֽאֲרִי for wh .rd כאדו = כָּרוּ cf. De Pe Che crit. note); pl. אֲרָיִים1 K 10:20; אֲרָיוֹת (also m.) Zp 3:3 + 16 t. (f. Je 51:38 ? but cf. Ju 14:5);—lion, lit. in narrative Ju 14:5, 1 S 17:34, 17:36, 17:37, 2 S 23:20 = 1 Ch 11:22, 2 K 17:25, 17:26, Pr 22:13, 26:13, Ct 4:8 cf. Am 3:12, 5:19; lion-images 1 K 7:29, 7:29, 7:36, 10:19, 10:20 = 2 Ch 9:18, 9:19, in comparison Nu 23:24, 24:9, Ju 14:18, Is 38:13, Je 51:38, 2 S 1:23, Ez 22:5, La 3:10; metaph. Na 2:12, Zp 3:3, Je 50:17, Ez 19:2, 19:6, Pr 28:15. For כארי Ps 22:17 rd. כארו, cf above. Cf. also אַרְיֵה.

† [אֻרְיָה] n.f. manger, crib (Aram. אוּדְיָא, ܐܽܘܪܝܳܐ, Ar. آرِيُّ stall, etc., As. urû Dl:BAS i. 211)—Pl. אֻרָוֹת 2 Ch 32:28 (Aram. form for אֳרָוֹת; cf. Lag:BN 172); cstr. אֻרְוֹת 1 K 5:6, אֻֽרְיוֹת 2 Ch 9:25; crib of horses 1 K 5:6 (app. in enumeration horses themselves, Eng. head, or span, cf. also 2 Ch 9:25 with 1 K 10:26; So Th MV, but txt. here dub. cf. Klo), hence 2 Ch 9:25; of any animals (כל־בהמה) 2 Ch 32:28 (on לַאֲ׳ v. Add.).

אַרְיֵה n.m.:Am 3:8 lion (Targum id. Syr. ܐܰܪܝܳܐ, cf. also אֲרִי supr.)—only sg. as above Am 3:4 + 44 t. + 2 S 23:20 Kt (Qr אֲרִי) La 3:10 (id.);—lion, lit. in narrative Ju 14:8, 14:8, 14:9, 2 S 23:20, 1 K 13:24, 13:24, 13:25, 13:26, 13:28 (c. עמדים txt. err. acc. to Klo):28 20:36, 20:36 cf. Is 11:7, 35:9, 65:25; in simile Gn 49:9, 2 S 17:10, Ps 7:3, 10:9, 17:12, 22:14, Is 21:8, 31:4, Je 2:30, 12:8, 49:19, 50:44, La 3:10 (Kt) Ez 1:10, 10:14, 1 Ch 12:8, Ho 11:10, Jo 1:6, Mi 5:7, cf. Am 3:4, 3:8, Ec 9:4; metaph. Gn 49:9, Dt 33:22, Jb 4:10, Ps 22:22, Is 15:9, Je 4:7, 5:6, Na 2:12, 2:12, 2:13.

72

אַרְיֵה n.pr.m. so appar. 2 K 15:25 an officer of Pekahiah, but c. art. הָאַרְיֵה, & on text with possible corruption & dittography v. Klo.

אֲרִיאֵל

1. n.pr.f. (prob., v. Ew) Ariel (lioness of Ēl) name applied to Jerusalem Is 29:1, 29:2, 29:2, 29:7 (so Ges Ew Che Di al.; Tagum De Brd Or al. say hearth of EĒl, cf. אֲרִאֵיל).

2. n.pr.m. a chief man among returning exiles Ezr 8:16.

3. אֲרִאֵל מוֹאָב 2 S 23:20 = אֲרִיאֵל מ׳ 1 Ch 11:26 taken by LXX RV Dr:Sm al. as n.pr.m., rd. two sons of Ariel of Moab; RS:Sem. i. 469 comp. אראל MI:12, altar-hearth (so Sm & So, and Dr:Sm xci, v. sub אֲרִיאֵיל) and transl. מוֹאָב א׳ altar-hearths of Moab.

4. Ez 43:15 & Qr v:15; v:16 vid. sub אֲרִיאֵיל.

אַרְאֵלִי n.pr.m. (app. n.gent. from foregoing, but LXX Nu 26:17 ̓Αριηλ (Gn 46:16 ̓Αροηλεις, ̓Αροηδις, ̓Απηδεις) = foregoing) a son of Gad Gn 46:16, Nu 26:17; also adj.gent. c. art. as n.pr. coll. Nu 26:17 מִשְׁפַּחַת הָאַרְאֵלִי LXX ̓Αριηλει.

† [אֶרְאֵל] n.[m.] (form & meaning dub. v. infr.)—only in אֶרְאֶלָּם Is 33:7; Ges אַרְאֵלִם heroes; cf. Thes Kn Che; Hi אֲרִאֵלָם; cf. De, who der. from אֲרִיאֵל, lit. = lion of God, coll. c. sf., & transl. their heroes; n.gent. fr. אֲרִיאֵל = Zion Nbr:Athen. 1886, p. 400 cf. Say:ib. 466; Ew אַרְאָל = אַרְעָל trembling, cf. Di. Brd prop. הילילו ‘cry pitifully.’ SyrVer Vulgate al. rd. some form of ראה, LXX ירא. Wholly uncertain.

II. ארה (burn, cf. Ar. أَرَي, whence إِرَةُ hearth; Ew:§ 163 g al. v. infr.)

אֲרִאֵיל n.[m.] hearth, altar-hearth (LXX ̓Αριηλ; fr. ארה with ל aff. acc. to Ew:§ 163 g Ol:§ 220 Sm Ez 43:15 Di Is 29:1 al.; but this formation very rare & here dub.; Targum Hi De Brd Or Is 29:1 der. fr. אל + ארי = hearth of Ēl, v. also RS:Sem. i. 469, who thinks of pillar-altars; cf. אראלדודה MI:12 v. Sm & So, and Dr:Sm xci)—אראיל Kt Ez 43:15, 43:16; (Qr אֲרִיאֵל); = הַרְאֵל v:15 (Vrss Co אריאל), all c. art.,—of altar-hearth in Ezekiel's temple.

† [אֲרוּמָה] n.pr.loc. home of Abimelek (Thes Add sub ארם) Ju 9:41 בָּארוּמָה, prob. = רוּמָה 2 K 23:36, cf. Jer Lag:Onomast. 146, 2nd ed. 178. It must have lain near Shechem; identified by MV al. with El ï‘Ormah, 2 hours SE. from Shechem (van de Velde:Reisen ii. 268), but this place not otherwise known; cf. Survey:ii. 387.

אֲרַוְנָה n.pr.m. Araunah, a Jebusite—א׳ 2 S 24:20, 24:20, 24:21, 24:22, 24:23 (but rd. עֶבֶד אֲדֹנַי cf. We Dr) v:23; v:24; Kt גֹּרֶן האורנה v:16 (Qr הָאֲרַוְנָה) c. art. but cf. Dr; Kt ארניה ג׳ v:18 (Qr אֲרַוְנָה); = אָרְנָן (q.v.) 1 Ch 21:15 f; LXX in S & Ch ̓Ορνα.

ארז (cf. Ar. أَرَزَ be firm, also withdraw, retreat).

אֶ֫רֶז n.m.:Ez 17:23 cedar;—f. Ez 17:22 הָרָמָה א׳, but del. הרמה LXX Co;—(Ar. أَرْزُ pine-tree, etc.; Eth. 0arz: Syr. ܐܰܪܙܳܐ)—א׳ abs. Lv 14:4 + 19 t., אָָרֶז Jb 40:17 + 6 t.; pl. אֲרָזִיס Is 9:9 + 35 t.; cstr. אַרְזֵי Is 2:13 + 5 t.; sf. אֲרָזֶיךָ Je 22:17, Zc 11:1; אֲרָזָיו Is 37:24 = 2 K 19:23; —

1. cedar-tree, (a) as growing Nu 24:6, Ps 148:9, Is 41:19, 44:14 cf. Ez 31:8; esp. as growing on Lebanon 1 K 5:13, 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18 (both in fable of Jehoash); oft. לְּבָנוֹן (הַ)אַרְזֵי Ju 9:15, Is 2:13, 14:8, Ps 29:5, 29:5 (fig.) 104:16, cf. 1 K 5:20, 2 K 19:23 = Is 37:24, Ps 92:13, Ct 5:15, Ez 27:5 (sg. coll.) Zc 11:1, 11:2 (fig.); Ct 1:17, Ezr 3:7, Je 22:23 (fig.) Ez 17:3 (fig.); (b) esp. in sim., of outward power, stateliness & majesty Ps 80:11 (אֵל א׳) cf. Ez 31:3 (personif., but v. Co on text), Am 2:9; of individuals Je 22:7, Ps 92:13, Ez 17:22, 17:23; cf. other exx. of fig. use, supr.; sim. of straightness & strength Jb 40:17 (tail of hippopotamus).

2. cedar-timber, cedar-wood for building, עֲחֵי אֲרָזִים 1 S 5:11, 1 K 5:22, 5:24, 6:10, 9:11, 1 Ch 14:1, 22:4, 22:4, 2 Ch 2:7, Ezr 3:7; without עֵץ 2 S 7:2, 7:7, 1 K 6:9, 6:15, 6:16, 6:18, 6:18, 6:20, 6:36, 7:2, 7:2, 7:3, 7:7, 7:11, 7:12, 10:27, 1 Ch 17:1, 17:6, 2 Ch 1:15, 2:3, 9:27 & Ct 8:9, Is 9:9, Je 22:14, 22:15 (cf. also Is 44:14, 1 K 5:20, Ez 27:5, Ezr 3:7 supr.)

3. cedar-wood used in purifications, c. עֵץ Lv 14:4, 14:6, 14:49, 14:51, 14:52, Nu 19:6 (all P).

אַרְזָה n.f.coll. cedar-panels, cedar-work Zp 2:14.

† [אָרוּז] adj. firm, strong (cf. Ar. أَرَزَ supr.) אֲרֻזִים Ez 27:24.

מֵרוֹז n.pr.loc. Meroz, in northern Palestine Ju 5:23 (expl. as = מֶאֱרוֹז, مَأْرِز, retreat by Thes MV al.)

אָרַח vb. wander, journey, go (Ph. ארךְ in מארח, prob. = מְאָרֵחַ cf. Eth. marh.a: lead, conduct, v. Nö:ZMG 1888, 472; epithet of god Eshmun, Sab. ארחַ DHM:Epigr. Denkm. p. 70, Aram. אוֹרֵחַ, ܐܳܪܚܳܐ traveller)—Qal Pf. וְאָרַה consec. Jb 34:8; Pt. אֹרֵחַ Ju 19:17 +; pl. אֹרְהִים Je 9:1; —

1. journey, go, c. עִם fig. of association, companionship Jb 34:8 :לְחֶבְרָה עִם־פֹּעֲלֵי אָאָוֶן וְלָלָכֶת עִם־אַנְשֵׁי־רֶֽשַׁע וְא׳ (cf. also הלך Ps 1:1).

2. Pt. wandering, wayfaring, journeying, הָאִישׁ הָאֹרֵחַ Ju 19:17; as subst. wanderer, wayfarer, traveller אֹרֵחַ 2 S 12:4 (‖הֵלָךְ), Je 14:8 (‖גֵּר, in sim. of י׳); מְלוֹן אֹרְחִים wayfarers' lodging-place Je 9:1.

73

אֹ֫רַח n.m.:Jb 6:18 (f.:Pr 15:19) way, path (as. urḫu COT:Gloss, Aram. אֹרַח, ܐܽܘܪܚܳܐ)—א׳ abs. Ps 19:6 + ; cstr. Pr 4:18 + ; sf. אָרְחִי Jb 19:8, Ps 139:3 etc.; pl. abs. אֳרָחוֹת Ju 5:6, 5:6 cstr. אָרְחוֹת Jb 8:13 +; sf. אָרְחֹתָָי Jb 13:27, 33:11; אָרְחוֹתָם Jo 2:7, Pr 9:15; אָרְחֹתֵיהֶם Pr 2:15; also אֹרְחֹתָיו Is 2:3 + ; אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ Ps 119:15 + etc.;—way, path (in Heb. mostly poet.)

1. lit. Ju 5:6, 5:6 song of Deb. (alone = highways, opp. עֲקַלְקלוֹת א׳ crooked (by- paths;) cf. also הֹלְכֵי נְתִיבוֹת ib.); Is 33:8 עֹבֵר א׳ = wayfarer (‖מְסִלּוֹת), v. also Gn 49:17 (blessing of Jocob) (‖דֶּרֶח) & הֵמְיַשְּׁרִים אָרְחוֹתָם those who make straight their ways (‖עֹבְרֵי דָרֶָח) Pr 9:15, בּוֹא א׳ go (tread) a path Is 41:3; of course of locusts Jo 2:7 לאֹ יְעַבְּטוּן א׳ they confuse not their paths (‖ דְּרָכִים); יַמִּים א׳ paths of the seas Ps 8:9; רוּץ אֹרַח run along a path, fig. of sun Ps 19:6.

2. fig. path, way, of course & fortunes of life Jb 8:13, 13:27 = 33:11, 19:8 (‖נְתִיבוֹת) Ps 139:3 (‖דֶּרֶח) 142:4 (‖נְתִיבָה) Pr 3:6 (‖דֶּרֶח) 4:18, 15:19 (both ‖ id.) Is 26:7 (‖מַעְגָּל) so דֶּרֶח אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ Is 3:12; plain or even path מִישׁוֹר א׳ Ps 27:11; in two cases with a special ref. (1) אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gn 18:11 (J) of menstruation; (2) אֹרַח לֽא אָשׁוּב אֶהֱלֽח a path (which) I shall not return, I am going Jb 16:22 i.e. to Shₑ’ôl, cf. As. name of lower world irṣit lâ târat, land without return, v. Jr:10; Jr:65.

3. fig. way, of mode of living, or of character Jb 34:11 (‖פֹּעַל) Ps 119:9. Specif.: a. ways of י׳, his mode of action Ps 25:10; b. of man's righteousness, called ways of י׳ Ps 25:4 (‖דְּרָכִים) 44:19, 119:15 (‖פִּקּוּדִים) Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2 (‖דְּרָכִים) cf. מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ א׳ Is 26:8; also way of justice, uprightness, etc. מִשְׁפָּט א׳ Pr 2:8 (‖דֶּרֶח) 17:23, Is 40:14 (‖דֶּרֶח), ישֶׁר א׳ Pr 2:13 (‖ id.), חְדָקָה א׳ 8:20 (‖נְתִיבוֹת), 12:28 (‖דֶּרֶח נְתִיבָה); so אֹרַה alone Is 30:11 (‖דֶּרֶח) Pr 15:10; note esp. אֹרַח חַיִּים, path of life, in righteousness & enjoyment of God Ps 16:11, Pr 2:19, 5:5, 15:24 (opp. שְׁאוֹל), also לְחַיִּים א׳ 10:17 (on these cf. Str Pr 14:32); c. of wickedness, פָּרִיץ א׳ way, path of the violent Ps 17:4, cf. also Pr 22:25; רְשָׁעְים א׳ Pr 4:14 (‖דֶּרֶח), בֹּחֵעַ א׳ 1:19; sq. abstr. שָָׁקֶר א׳ Ps 119:104, so v:128 (‖ פִּקּוּדִים), also c. adj. רָע א׳ Ps 119:101 cf. Pr 2:15 (עִקְּשִׁים crooked) called עלָוֹם הָא׳ Jb 22:15; note also אֵידָם א׳ their destructive ways, i.e. ways that cause destruction Jb 30:12 (cf. 19:12).

4. by meton. traveler, wayfarer Jb 31:32 (cf. חֵלֶח 2 S 12:4) & in pl. caravans 6:18, 6:19 but rd. perh. לָאֹרֵחַ 31:32, אֹרְחוֹת 6:18, 6:19.

אָרַח n.pr.m. (traveler ?)

1. ܐܶܪܰܟ man of Asher 1 Ch 7:39.

2. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:5 = Ne 7:10; perh.= אָרַָח Ne 6:18.

אֲרֻחָה n.f. meal, allowance (of food) abs. Je 40:5; cstr. אֲרֻחַת יָרָק Pr 15:17 a portion of herbs, i.e. a slender meal; elsewh. of allowance given to captive king Jehoiachin, תָּמִיד א׳ a continual allowance 2 K 25:30 = Je 52:34; אֲרֻחָתוֹ ib. = id.

† [אֹרְחָה] n.f. travelling company, caravan (strictly Pt. of אָרַח), cstr. אֹרְחַת Gn 37:25; pl. cstr. אֹרְחוֹת Is 21:13; cf. also sub אֹרַח, 4.

אֲרִיאֵל, אֲרִיאֵיל etc., v. I. & II. ארה.

אַרְיוֹךְ n.pr.m. king of Ellasar Gn 14:1, 14:9, ally of Chedorlaomer in his western foray (prob. = Rim-Aku, Elamite king of Larsa = Ellasar; cf. COT: ii. 297 f.).

† [אָרַךְ, אָרֵח] vb. be long, almost alw. of time (As. arâku COT:Gloss, Aram. אֲרַח, )—Qal Pf. אָֽרְכוּ Gn 26:8; Impf. יַאַרְכוּ Ez 12:22; 3 fpl. וַתֶּאֱרַכְנָה Ez 31:5 (del. B Co)—be long, subj. הַיָמִים (i.e. a long time passed Gn 26:8 (J); cf. As. urriku ûmî, days grew long, Creation Tablet:a v. COT Gn 1:1); of delayed fulfillment of prophecy Ez 12:22; subj. פּאֹוֹת Ez 31:5 (but cf. supr.) Hiph. Pf. הֶאֱרִיח Pr 19:11; וְהַאֲרַכְתָּ֫ Dt 22:7, etc.; Impf. יַאֲרִיח Dt 17:20 +; יַהַאֲרִיכוּ Dt 25:15; יַאֲרִכוּן Ex 20:12 cf. Dt 5:16, 6:2; תַּאֲרִיכֻן Dt 4:26, 30:18, etc.; Imv. fs. הַאֲרִיכִי Is 54:2: Inf. cstr. הַאֲרִיח Nu 9:19, 9:22; Pt. xyria}m; Ec 7:15, 8:12;

1. trans. prolong, (a) obj. יָמִים (i.e. live long) Dt 4:26, 4:40, 5:30, 11:9, 17:20, 22:7, 30:18, 32:47, Jos 24:31= Ju 2:7 (c. אַחֲרֵי = survive), Pr 28:16, Is 53:10, Ec 8:13 ; also (late) without ימים Ec 7:15, 8:12; (b) id. 1 K 3:14 י׳ subj. וְהַאֲרַכְתִּי אֶת־יָמֶיךָ I will prolong thy days; (c) postpone anger Is 48:9 cf. Pr 19:11 (i.e. shew oneself slow to anger); v. also Jb 6:11 אַאֲרִיח נַפְשִׁי i.e. be patient; (d) lit. (but in fig.) make long furrows (c. ל) Ps 129:3; tentcords Is 54:2; tongue 57:4 (stretch out in mockery).

2. intrans. grow long, continue long (i.e. display length or continuance), subj. יָמִים Ex 20:12 = Dt 5:16, 6:2, 25:15; tarry long Nu 9:19, 9:22 (subj. הֶעָנָן), last (continue) long, (subj. כֵּן Pr 28:2; be long (lit.) of staves of ark 1 K 8:8, 2 Ch 5:9.

אֹ֫רֶךְ:94 n.[m.] length—only sg., א׳ abs. Ex 27:1 +; cstr. Gn 6:15 +; אָרְכּוֹ Ex 25:10 +; אָרְכָּם 2 Ch 3:11; אָרְכָּן Ez 42:11, etc.—a. length of ark Gn 6:15 (P), of land of Canaan 13:17 (J); most oft. of ark & other measurements in tabernacle & temple Ex 25:10, 25:17, 26:2, 26:8, 27:1, 27:9 + (22 t. Ex, P), 1 K 6:2, 6:3, 6:20 + (13 t. K & Ch), Ez 40:7, 40:11, 40:18 + (41 t. Ez), etc. b. of time יָמִים א׳ Dt 30:20, Jb 12:12, Ps 21:5, 23:6, 91:16, 93:5, Pr 3:2, 3:16, La 5:20. c. אַפַּיִם א׳ forbearance, self-restraint, Pr 25:15.—(Ez 31:7 LXX SyrVer Co rd. רֹב for אֹרֶךְ, cf. v:5 where Co del. vb. ארך; 41:22 rd. prob. אדנו LXX Sm, or אדניו Co = base.)

74

† [אָרֵךְ] adj. long—only cstr. אֶרֶךְ Ex 34:6 + 14 t.—הָאֵבֶר א׳ long of pinion Ez 17:3 (‖גְּדוֹל הַכְּנָפַיִם) of eagle, in metaph.; elsewhere always of feelings, as subst. Ec 7:8 רוּחַ א׳ the patient of spirit (opp. גְּבַהּ ר׳); אַפַּיִם א׳ one slow to anger Pr 14:29 (opp. קְחַר־רוּחַ), so 15:18 (opp. אִישׁ חֵמָה), 16:32 (‖משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ); more oft. of י׳, אַפַיִם א׳, Ex 34:6 אַפַּיִס וְרַב־חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן א׳ cf. Nu 14:18, Ne 9:17, Ps 86:15, 103:8, 145:8; so + וְנִחָס עַל־הָרָעָה Jo 2:13 cf. Jon 4:2 (where אֵל), אַפַּיִס וּגְדוֹל כֹּחַ א׳ Na 1:3; לְאֶרֶח אַפְּךָ only Je 15:15, א׳ appar. noun; rd. אֹרֶח ? cf. Pr 25:15.

† [אָרֹךְ] adj. long—only fs. abs. אֲרֻכָּה;—a. of time, מִלְחָמָה א׳ long war 2 S 3:1; of the exile Je 29:28; b. fig. of God's wisdom מֵאֶרֶץ מִדָּהּ א׳ Jb 11:9 (‖רְחָבָה מִנִּי־יָם).

אֲרוּכָה n.f. healing of a wound , restoration (properly the new flesh that grows at the wounded spot, Ar. أَرِيكَةُ; Fi:JPh xiii. 114–6, so Fl De on Is 58:8; v. also Di)—א׳ 2 Ch 24:13, Ne 4:1; אֲרֻכָה Je 30:17, 33:6; cstr. אֲרֻכַת Je 8:22; אֲרֻכָֽתְךָ Is 58:8 ;—alwaysfig. a. healing, restoration of Israel Is 58:8, here c. vb. חָמַח, elsewhere c. עָלָה; Je 8:22 (‖רָפָא), c. עָלָה Hiph., subj. י׳, 30:17, 33:6 (‖ id.) b. restoration of walls of temple 2 Ch 24:13, of walls of Jerusalem (cf. Fi supr.) Ne 4:1 (both c. עלה).

אֶ֫רֶךְ n.pr.loc. city in Babylonia (Bab. Urûk v. Dl infr.) on left bank of Euphrates, c. 40 miles NW. fr. Ur (אוּר) toward Babylon; mod. Warka; cf. Loftus:CS 152 f. Dl:Pa 221 f.

אַרְכִּי adj.gent. (deriv. unknown) applied to חוּשַׁי 2 S 15:32, 16:16, 17:5, 17:14, 1 Ch 27:33; with art. = n. coll. גְּבוּל הָא׳ Jos 16:2 (not far fr. Bethel).

אֲרָם:149 n.pr.m. Aram (As. Aramu, etc., v. Dl:Pa 257; Thes al prop. √ ארם = רום but cf. Nö as below)—

1. 5th son of Shem Gn 10:22, 10:23, 1 Ch 1:17.

2. grandson of Nahor Gn 22:21.

3. 1 Ch 2:23.

4. a descendant of Asher 1 Ch 7:34.—Elsewhere only of Aramæan people & land (= 1 supr.), f.:2 S 8:5 m.:2 S 10:14. a. people, sg. coll. = the Aramoeans, a leading branch of the Shemitic stock inhabiting Mesopotamia & northern Syria, in many tribes & settlements; 2 S 8:5, 8:5, 8:6 + 1 K 20:20, 20:21 + 1 Ch 19:10, 19:12 + (64 t. S K Ch) Am 9:7, Is 7:2, 7:4, 7:5, 7:8, 9:11, 17:3, Je 35:11; so Ez 16:57, 27:16, but Co in both אדום עַם אֲרָם Am 1:5; of particular divisions of Aram, בית רְחוֹב א׳ 2 S 10:6, חוֹבָא א׳ 2 S 10:6, 10:8, Ps 60:2 (title), דַּמֶּשֶׂק א׳ 2 S 8:5 cf. 1 Ch 18:5, even נַהֲרַיִם א׳ Ps 60:2 (title); (note that As. never gives name Aramu to people W. of Euphrates, but Chatti instead, with other particular names, COT Gn 10:22, also Dl:l.c.); on 2 S 8:12, 8:13, 1 Ch 18:11 v. אֱדוֹם. b. less often clearly of land, Aram Nu 23:7, 2 S 15:8 + 2 Ch 20:2 (rd. however here אדום Thes Add al.), שְׂדֵה א׳ Ho 12:13; also of particular divisions of the territory נַהֲרַיִם א׳ ‘Mesopotamia,’ i.e. prob. land between Euphrates & Chaboras, so Di after Kiep, Gn 24:10, Dt 23:5, Ju 3:8 (cf. Ps 60:2 supr.); cf. פַּדַּן א׳ Paddan-Aram Gn 25:20, 31:18, 33:18, 35:9, 35:26, 46:15, פַּדֶּ֫נָה א׳ 28:2, 28:5, 28:6, 28:7 v. פדן; דַּמֶּשֶׂק א׳ 2 S 8:6 cf. 1 Ch 18:6. c. often indeterminate, esp. in מֶלֶח א׳ etc., perh. primarily land but often including people: so Ju 2:11, 10:6 (אֱלֽהֵי א׳) 1 K 10:29 + 2 Ch 1:17 + (41 t. K & Ch) Is 7:1.—(Cf. esp. Nö:Sehenkel BL, ZMG 1871, 113; Hermes v. 3, 443 f. Dl:Pa 257.)

אֲרַמִּי adj.gent. Aramæan, c. art. הָא׳ Gn 25:20, 25:20, 28:5, 31:20, 31:24, 2 K 5:20; of Israel אֹבֵד א׳ Dt 26:5; pl. אֲרַמִּים 2 K 8:28, 8:29 (‖אֲרָם) 9:15 (‖ id.); הָרַמִּים (= הָא׳) 2 Ch 22:5 (‖ id.); פִילַגְשׁוֹ הָאֲרַמִּיָּה 1 Ch 7:14 his Aramæan concubine.—(ארומים Kt 2 K 16:6 rd. rather Qr אֲדוֹמִים.)

אֲרָמִית adv. only of language in Aramaic 2 K 18:26 = Is 36:11, Ezr 4:7, 4:7; Dn 2:4.

ארם (√ of following; cf. רום ?).

אַרְמוֹן n.m.:Is 32:14 citadelא׳ abs. Je 30:18 +; cstr. Is 25:2; pl. אַרְמְגוֹת abs. Am 3:9, 3:9; cstr. 1:4 +; אַרְמְנוֹתֵינוּ Mi 5:4 +, etc.—citadel, castle, palace, not used before royal period, mostly in prophets, esp. common in Am & Je; citadel as securely barred (in sim.) Pr 18:19; בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ א׳ i.e. the citadel, stronghold 1 K 16:18, cf. 2 K 15:25; usually more general, of castle, palaces, prominent buildings; esp. used in speaking of conquest, because the fine buildings would be esp. object of attack & plunder; palaces of Isr. Am 6:8; of Jerusalem Is 32:14 (sg. coll.) La 2:5, 2:7, 2 Ch 36:19, Ps 48:4, 48:14, 122:7 cf. Ho 8:14, Mi 5:4, Am 2:5, Je 17:27; of Samaria Am 3:10, 3:11; also Je 6:5, 9:20 belonging to Benhadad (i.e. Aram) Am 1:4, Je 49:27; of Tyre Is 23:13, Am 1:10; of Babylon Is 25:2 (sg. coll.), cf. 13:22 where rd. אַרְמְנוֹתָיו for אלמנותיו so SyrVer Targum Vulgate Che Di (‖היכלים; cf. Ez 19:7 acc. to Targum al., but v. rather מעון; Dl:BD xi defends MT in Ez 19:7 & comp. As. almattu, fortress); of Edom Is 34:13, of Gaza Am 1:7, of Rabbah 1:14, of Bozrah 1:12, of Kerioth 2:2, of Ashdod 3:9, of Egypt 3:9.

אַרְמֹנִי n.pr.m. a son of Saul (palatinus) 2 S 21:8.

I. ארן (cf. Ar. أَرِنَ alacer, lætus fuit; possible √ of following).

75

אֲרָן n.pr.m. a descendant of Esau (? Aram. ܐܽܪܢܳܐ wild-goat) Gn 36:28 = 1 Ch 1:42 (v. also דִּישָׁן).

† I. אֹ֫רֶן n.[m.] fir or cedar (As. êrinu COT:Gloss, Mish. pl. ארנים) Is 44:14 (‖אֶרֶז, תִּרְזָה, אַוֹן, עֲחֵי יַעַר).

אֹ֫רֶן n.pr.m. (fir-tree) a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 2:25.

ארנבן n.pr.loc. whence wine, so Co Ez 27:19 for MT וְדָן וְיָוָן; cf. As. wine of A ranabanim.

אַרְנָן n.pr.m. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:21.

אָרְנָן n.pr.m. a Jebusite, whose threshing-floor was bought by David to erect an altar 1 Ch 21:15, 21:18, 21:20, 21:20, 21:21, 21:21, 21:22, 21:23, 21:24, 21:25, 21:28, & acc. to 2 Ch 3:1 became site of temple; called אֲרַוְנָה 2 S 24:16 f. q.v.

אַרְנוֹן, אַרְנֹן n.pr.fl. Arnon, wady & stream in Moab (MI ארנן, Thes Add Rob Ges MV der. fr. רנן, i.e. the rushing, roaring stream)—אַרְנוֹן Nu 21:13, 21:13 + 12 t., אַרְנֹן Nu 21:14 + 10 t.—called boundary between Moab & Amorites Nu 21:13, Ju 11:18, 11:22 cf. גְּבוּל אֵרְנֹן Nu 22:36; oft. נַחַל אֵרְנֹן Dt 2:24, 2:36, 3:8, 3:12, 3:16, 4:48, 2 K 10:33; אַרְנוֹן נ׳ Jos 12:1, 12:2, 13:9, 13:16; הַנְּחָלִים אַרְנוֹן Nu 21:14, i.e. the stream-ravines that unite to form Arnon, cf. Di; also בָּמוֹת אַרְנֹן heights of Arnon Nu 21:28; מעברות אַרְנוֹן fords of Arnon Is 16:2; elsewh. Nu 21:13, 21:24, 21:26, Ju 11:13, 11:18, 11:26; syn. of Moab Je 48:20; (cf. Tristr:Moab 125 f.; mod. Môjib).

II. ארן (√ assumed for foll. word, cf. Sta:§ 208 c; Dl:Pr 125 argues for √ ארה (so Thes), on ground of an As. êrû, synon. of êrênu).

אֲרוֹן, c. art. הָאָרוֹן, הָאָרֹן:203 n.m.:Ex 35:12 (f.:1 S 4:17; 2 Ch 8:11) chest, ark (Ph. ארן, sarcophagus, As. êrênu (& êrû) chest Zim:BP 6, 22, Ar. اِرنَْنُ, chest, so Aram. ܐܰܪܽܘܢܳܐ, also Nab. ארנא, Vog:p. 102, Ph.; Mish. also pl. ארונות)—only sg.; abs. † אֲרוֹן 2 K 12:10 = 2 Ch 24:8; c. art. הָאָרוֹן Dt 10:2 + alw. exc. Ex Lv Nu where הָאָרֹן (Ex 25:14, 25:14 + 13 t. Ex, Lv 16:2, Nu 3:31, 10:35); cstr. אֲרוֹןEx 25:10 +, † אֲרֹן Ex 30:6, Nu 4:5, 7:89—†

1. chest, for money-offerings 2 K 12:10, 12:11, 2 Ch 24:8, 24:10, 24:11, 24:11. †

2. sarcophagus, mummy-case of Joseph Gn 50:26 (E).

3. chest, ark in tabernacle & temple, containing tables of law, with cherubim above, the esp. seat of י׳ among his people, only Hex (71 t.) S (61 t.) K (12 t.) & Ch (48 t.) + Ju 20:27, Je 3:16, Ps 132:8; used alone & in various combinations (cf. Seyring:ZAW 1891, 114 f.). a. indef. אֲרוֹן עֲחֵי שִׁטִים an ark of shittim-wood Ex 25:10, Dt 10:3 cf. v:1. b. def. הָא׳ Ex 25:14 + 54 t. (Hex P, exc. Jos JE; S K Ch). c. יהוה א׳ Jos 4:11 + 32 t. Jos (JED) S K Ch. d. א׳ אֱלֽהִים1 S 3:3, 4:11; הָאֱלֽהִים א׳1 S 4:13 + 32 t. S Ch (but 1 S 14:18, 14:18 rd. הָאֵפוֹד LXX We Dr), cf. אֱלֽהֵינוּ א׳1 Ch 13:3. e. אלהי יִשְׂרָאֵל א׳ 1 S 5:7 + 6 t. S, term used only by Philistines; יהוה אלהי יִשְׂרָאֵל א׳1 Ch 15:12, 15:14; יהוה אֱלֽהֵיכֶם א׳Jos 4:5 (JE); א׳ אֲדֹנָי יהוה1 K 2:26; יחוה אֲדוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ א׳Jos 3:13 (JED) cf. אדון כל־הארץ [הברית] א׳ v:11, where הברית (c. art.) is prob. Interpol., v. Di; only once & late the long phrase האלהים יהוה יוֹשֵׁב א׳ הַכְּרוּבִים אֲשֶׁר נִקְרָא־שֵׁם 1 Ch 13:6. f. in combination with בְּרִית, largely D & under D's influence; ארון הַבְּרִית ark of the covenantJos 3:6, 3:6, 3:8, 4:9, 6:6 (all JED); בְּרִית יהוה א׳ Nu 10:33, 14:44 (both J) Dt 10:8, 31:9, 31:25, Jos 4:7, 4:18, 6:8, 8:33, Je 3:16 + 17 t. S K Ch; once longer חְבָאוֹת ישֵׁב הַכְּרֻבִים בְּרִית י׳ א׳1 S 4:4; also בְּרִית הָאֱלֽהִים א׳ † Ju 20:27, 1 S 4:4, 2 S 15:24, 1 Ch 16:6; & אלהיבם בְּרִית א׳ א׳ Dt 31:26, Jos 3:3. g. אֲרוֹן הָעֵדוּת ark of the testimony, only in P, corresponding to בְּרִית א׳ (cf. Di on Ex 25:16), Ex 25:22 + 8 t. Ex, † Nu 4:5, 7:84, Jos 4:16. h.הַקֹּדֶשׁ א׳ 2 Ch 35:3. i. עֻזֶּךָָ א׳ the ark of thy strength 2 Ch 6:41, Ps 132:8.—(Cf. also tables given by Seyring:1.c. & his theory as to earliest designation of ark.)

אַרְנֶ֫בֶת v. אנב. p.58

ארניה v. אֲרַוְנָה. p. 72

אַרְפַּד n.pr.loc. city in northern Syria (As. Arpadda Dl:Pa 275)—א׳ Is 10:9 elsewh. אַרְפָָּד; c. 15 miles N. of Aleppo, mod. Tel Erfâd; in OT only as conquered by Assyria, alw. named with Hamath, etc. 2 K 18:34, 19:13 = Is 36:19, 37:13 (on LXX ̔Ραφέθ = ̓Αρφάθ cf. Lag:BN 78), also Is 10:9, Je 49:23; (cf. Nö:ZMG 1871, 258 Kiep:ib. 655.)

אַרְפַּכְשַׁד n.pr.m. 3rd son of Shem א׳ Gn 10:22, 10:24, 11:12, 11:13, 1 Ch 1:17, 1:18, 1:24; אַרְפַּכְשָָׁד Gn 11:10, 11:11; doubtless a geogr. name (deriv. & mng. dub., Thesder. fr. اُرْفَةُ boundary (stem أَرِفَ define, limit), cf. also Eth. 0araft: wall, + כשׁד = כֶּשֶׂד, i.e. Chaldean; so Schr:COT Gn 10:22 who identifies with Babylonia (cf. Gn 11:12 f. & אוּר כַּשְׂדִּים v:28; v:31); v. another interpr. Dl:Pa 255; acc. to most = Arrapachitis on Upper Zab, NE. Fr. Nineveh, As. Arbaḫa, Armen. Albak Lag:Armen. Stud. 55 & reff. so Bo MV, Di Gn 10:22 Lag:Sy i. 54 Nö:ZMG 1882, 182; but As. Arbaḫa is unfavourable to this).

אֶ֫רֶץ:2407 n.f.:Gn 10:11 & (seld.) m.:Gn 13:16 earth, land (Ph. MI ארץ, As. irṣitu COT:Gloss, Ar. أَرْضُم, Sab. ארץַ e.g. Os:9 DHM:ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Sem. Sprachf. 12, cf. Prä:BAS i. 374 n., Aram. אֲרַע, ܐܰܪܥܳܐ)—א׳ abs. Gn 1:24 +; cstr. 2:11 +; אָָרֶץ 1:10 +; c. art. always הָאָ֫רֶץ 1:11 +; c. הָ loc. אַ֫רְחָה 11:31 +, (this form also poet. = אֶרֶץ Jb 34:13 +); sf. אַרְחִי 20:15 +; אַרְחְךָ (אַרְחֶָךָ) 12:1 +, etc.; pl. אֲרָחוֹת Je 28:8 + 65 t.; cstr. אַרְחוֹת Ez 39:27 + 6 t.; sf. אַרְחֹתָם Gn 10:5 + 2 t.;—

1. a. earth, whole earth (opp. to a part) Gn 18:18, 18:25, 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה 12:3) Je 25:26, 25:29, 25:30, 26:6, Is 37:16, 37:20 = 2 K 19:15, 19:19, Zc 4:10, 4:14 +. b. earth, opp. to heaven, sky Gn 1:2, Ex 20:4, Dt 5:8, 30:19, Ju 5:4, La 2:1, Is 37:16 = 2 K 19:15, Ps 146:6, 1 Ch 21:16, 29:11, 2 Ch 2:11 +; as permanent Ec 1:4; built on foundations, or pillars 1 S 2:8, Ps 104:5, Jb 38:4, Is 48:13, 51:13, 51:16 cf. also Is 24:18, Ps 82:5; firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1 S 14:4, 2 S 22:8 = Ps 18:8, Jb 9:6 cf. Ps 46:2 & v:6; so also Am 8:8, Is 2:19, 2:21, 24:18, 24:19, 24:20, Ps 60:4, 77:19, 99:1, 114:7; as hung on nothing Jb 26:7; with waters under it Ex 20:4 = Dt 5:8 cf. Gn 7:11; personified, esp. as addressed, called to witness, etc. Dt 32:1, Je 6:19, 22:29, Is 1:2, Mi 1:2, Jb 16:18. c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gn 6:11, 1 K 2:2, 10:24, Ps 33:8, 66:4 + cf. תֵּבֵל א׳ Pr 8:31, Jb 37:12.

2. land = a. country, territory, שִׁנְעָר א׳ Gn 10:10, מִחְרַיִם א׳ 21:21; cf. also 10:11, 11:28, 11:31, 13:10, 47:6, 47:27, 50:8, Is 7:18, 23:1, 23:13, 27:13, Ps 78:12, Je 25:20, 1 Ch 1:43; personif. Is 62:4, Ec 10:16, 10:17. b. district, region Gn 19:28, 22:2, Jos 11:3, Ps 42:7. c. tribal territory Dt 34:2, Ju 21:21, 1 S 9:4, 9:16, 13:7, 1 K 15:20, Is 8:23; and still smaller territories 1 S 9:4, 9:5. d. piece of ground Gn 23:15. e. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel Gn 11:31, 12:1, 12:5, 12:6, 12:7, 31:3, Ex 14:34, Dt 17:14, 18:9, 2 K 5:2, 5:4 +; esp. obj. of יָרַשׁ possess Dt 3:20 + oft. Dt Psalm al.; so after נָחַל Jos 19:49 +; נָתַן Dt 1:21 +. f. = inhabitants land Lv 19:29, Ez 14:13 + cf. Dt 24:4, Zc 12:12 etc. g. used even of Shₑ’ôl Jb 10:21, 10:22 (cf. As. irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, v. Jr:10. 65); v. also Ps 139:15, Is 44:23.

3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q.v. Gn 1:26, 1:30, 18:2, 33:3, 38:9, Ex 4:3, 16:4, Ru 2:10, 1 S 5:4 + very oft. in S. b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gn 1:11, 1:12, Lv 19:9, 25:9, 26:4 cf. Nu 14:7, 14:8, Is 36:7 = 2 K 18:32, Ps 72:6, 72:16, 107:34, 107:35, Ezr 9:12, Ne 9:35.

4. אֶרֶץ in phrases: a. people of the land עַם־הָא׳ of non-Israelites Gn 23:7, 23:12, 23:13 (P) Nu 14:9 (JE); as well as Isr. Lv 20:4 (H) 2 K 15:5, 16:15, 21:24, 21:24; esp. common people, opp. officials, princes Lv 4:27 (P) Ez 7:27, 2 K 11:18, 11:19. † b. in measurements of distance, כִּבְרַת הָא׳ the space or distance of country (v. כּברה) Gn 35:16, so כִּבְרַת א׳ some distance Gn 48:7, 2 K 5:19. c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר the country of the plain, level or plain country Dt 4:33, Je 48:21; מִישׁוֹר א׳ fig. Ps 143:10 (but rd. אֹרַח SyrVer Bi Gr Che, cf. Ps 27:11). d. חַיִּים א׳ land of the living Ps 27:13; הַחַיִּים א׳ Ps 142:6. e. קְחֵה הָא׳ end(s) of the earth Is 42:10, 43:6 (‖רָחוֹק) Ps 135:7, Pr 17:24, so אַפְסֵי א׳ Pr 30:4 +; קְחוֹת הָא׳ Is 40:28, 41:5, 41:9.

5. pl. אֲרָחוֹת is almost wholly late, Je 16:15 + 6 t. Je; 23 t. Ez; Is 36:20, 37:11 = 2 K 18:35, 19:11 (Is 37:18 rd. הַגּוֹיִם v. Che Di & cf. 2 K 19:17); 22 t. Chr; Dn 9:7, 11:40, 11:42; Ps 105:44, 106:27, 107:3, 116:9; besides these only P Gn 10:5, 10:20, 10:31, Lv 26:36, 26:39, exc. Gn 26:3, 26:4 (J:R) 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., v. esp. abs. Ez 20:32, 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Gn 26:3, 26:4, cf. 1 Ch 13:2 אַרְחוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Ch 11:23 אַרְחוֹת יְהוּדָה.

76

אַרְחָא n.pr.m. chamberlain of Zimri 1 K 16:9.

[אָרַר] vb. curse (As. arâru Zim:BP 68; on relation of mngs. bind & curse in As. v. Dl:Pr 101)—Qal Pf. וְאָרוֹתִ֫י, אָרוֹתִיהָ Mal 2:2; Impf. 2 ms. תָּאֹר Ex 22:27, Nu 22:6, 22:12; אָאֹר Gn 12:3; Imv. אָ֫רָה־ Nu 22:6, 23:7; אוֹרוּ, אֹרוּ & Inf. abs. אָרוֹר all Ju 5:23; Pt. אֹרֲרֵי Jb 3:8; אֹרֲרֶיךָ Gn 27:29, Nu 24:9; אָרוּר Gn 3:14 + 36 t. etc.;—curseבֵּרֵח bless, chiefly in poetic & legal sources of JED & later imitations: Gn 12:3, 27:29 (J) Nu 22:6, 22:12, 23:7, 24:9 (E) Ex 22:27 (E) Mal 2:2; אֹרוּ אָרוֹר ישְׁבֶיהָ = curse for ever her inhabitants Ju 5:23; אֹרֲרֵי יוֹם cursers of the day (magicians whose imprecations made days unlucky) Jb 3:8. Pt. pass. אָרוּר, chiefly as exclamation, ‖בָּרוּח Gn 3:14, 3:17, 4:11, 9:25, 27:29, 49:7, Nu 22:12, 24:9 (E, poet.) Dt 27:15–26, Ju 21:18, 1 S 14:24, 14:28, 26:29, Je 11:3, 17:5, 20:14, 20:15, 48:10, 48:10, Mal 1:14; אֲרוּרִים הַשֹּׁגִים מִמִּחְוֹתֶיךָ cursed be those who wander from thy commands Ps 119:21 (LXX SyrVer Jer De Ri), הָאֲרוּרָה הַזּאֹת this cursed woman 2 K 9:34. † Niph. Pt. נֵאָרִים cursed Mal 3:9. † Pi. 3 ms. sf. אֵרֲרָהּ curse, lay under a curse Gn 5:29 (J); Pt. הַמַּיִם הַמְאָרֲרִים the curse-bringing waters Nu 5:18–27 (P 6 t. waters destroying the perjured adulteress drinking them). † Hoph. Impf. יוּאָָר be cursed Nu 22:6 (E).

מְאֵרָה n.f. a curse Dt 28:20, Mal 2:2, 3:9; cstr. מְאֵרַת Pr 3:33; pl. מְאֵרוֹת Pr 28:27.

אֲרָרִי v. הֲרָרִי. p. 251

אֲרָרַט n.pr.terr. Ararat (As. Urarṭu COT:Gloss, cf. Lag:Armen. Stud. § 100)—א׳ Je 51:27; אֲרָרָָט Gn 8:4 + 3 t.—a district in Eastern Armenia between the river Araxes & lakes Van & Oroomiah, cf. KGF; to this prob. ref. in 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38 אֶרֶץ א׳; also Gn 8:4 הָרֵי א׳, where the ark rested; used perhaps with wider ref. Je 51:27 מַמְלְכוֹת א׳ (‖מִנִּי, אַשְׁכְּנַז).

† [אָרַשׂ] vb. betroth (Mish. ארס, Ph. ארש in n.pr., Lag:Sem i. 50 connects with Ar. أَرْشُ a fine, lit. pay the price, & so gain the right of possession; cf. Aram. אָרִיס one who farms land; As. mirsu, tribute, Zehnpf:BAS i. 518)—only Pi. Pu.; Pi. Pf. 3 ms. אֵרֵשׂ Dt 20:7; אֵרַשְׂתִּי 2 S 3:14; sf. אֵרַשְׂתִּיח Ho 2:21, 2:21, 2:22; Impf. 2 ms. תְּאָרֵשׂ Dt 28:30; —betroth (subj. man) obj. woman, אִשָּׁה Dt 20:7, 28:30; sq. ב of price paid to father & ל of husband 2 S 3:14; ב of gift to bride & ל of husband Ho 2:21, 2:22, where fig. of Yahweh's covenant mercy to Israe1. Pu. Pf. 3 fs. אֹרָָשָׂה be betrothed, c. לֽא, subj. בְּתוּלָה Ex 22:15, Dt 22:28 (נער בתולה); Pt. f. מְאֹרָשָׂה Dt 22:23, where affirmed of נער בתולה (sq. ל of husband) v:25, v:27 (in both subj. הַנַּעֲרָ֯).

77

ארשׁ (to desire, request, As. êrêšu Dl:Pr 55).

אֲרֶ֫שֶׁת n.f. desire, request (As. êrištu Dl:1. c.) only cstr. שְׂפָתָיו א׳ Ps 21:3 (‖תַּאֲוַת לִבּוֹ) request granted by י׳.

אֹרֹת v. אוֹרָה. p. 21

אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא n.pr.m. Artaxerxes (Pers. Artakhshatrâ, Spieg:APK 68, 207 LXX ̓Αρταξερξης, cf. BeRy on Ezr 4:23, 7:1 f. Ne 1:1) א׳ Ezr 4:7 v. BD:102; אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא Ezr 4:7, אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא Ezr 7:1, 7:11, 8:1, Ne 2:1, 5:14, 13:6; Artaxerxes I, or Longimanus, son & successor of Xerxes, reigned B.C. 465 – 424.

אֲשַׂרְאֵל n.pr.m. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 4:16 (the latter element in this & foll. may be אֵל God, but mng. of former part dub. Thes comp. אסר bind, quem Deus obligavit sc. voto).

אֲשַׂרְאֵ֫לָה n.pr.m. a son of Asaph 1 Ch 25:2 cf. יְשַׂרְאֵ֫לָה v:14.

אַשְׂרִיאֵל n.pr.m. a Manassite (Thes votum Dei, cf. supr.) Nu 26:31, Jos 17:2, 1 Ch 7:14.

אַשְׂרִאֵלִי adj.gent. הָא׳ as n. coll. Nu 26:31.

אֵשׁ:377 n.f.:Ex 9:23 (m.:Je 48:45; Ps 104:4; f. & m.:Je 20:9; Jb 20:26) fire (As. isûatu COT:Gloss, Syr. ܐܶܫܳܬܳܐ, Eth. 0s4t: deriv. fr. II. אנשׁ, أَنَسَ, sociable, friendly element (MVWetzst in De:Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888 Lag:BN 68 cf. انيسة, مانوسة), improb. esp. in view of As.; daghesh prob. secondary; cf. also Sta:§ 189 b)—א׳ abs. Ex 9:24 +; cstr. Lv 6:2 + (seld.); † sf. אִשּׁוֹ Dt 4:36, Jb 18:5; אֶשְׁכֶם Is 50:11; אִשָּׁם Is 66:24; —

1. fire, of conflagration, e.g. in briers, endangering or destroying crops תֵּחֵא אֵשׁ וּמָֽחְאָה קֹחִים Ex 22:5 cf. 3:2 הַסְּנֶה בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ (both E); more often of deliberate destruction by fire, esp. שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ (בָּ c. qam. preton.) obj. golden calf Ex 32:20 (J), other idols Dt 7:5, 7:25, Asherim 12:3, chariots Jos 11:6, 11:9, 2 K 23:1, house Ju 12:1, 14:15, tower 9:52, city-gates Ne 1:3, 2:3, 2:13, 2:17, city Jos 6:24, Ju 18:27 cf. Is 1:7 +; also שִׁלַּח אֵשׁ בְּ Am 1:4, 1:7, 1:10 +; שִׁלַּח אֶת־הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ † Ju 1:8, 20:48 cf. 2 K 8:12; הִצִּית אֶת־הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Jos 8:8, 8:19, Je 17:27 +, cf. Ju 9:49, 2 S 14:30, 14:31 (of field, cf. Ex 22:5 supr.)

2. of supernatural fire, attending theophany Ex 3:2, 19:18 (both JE) Dt 4:11, 4:12, 4:15, 4:33, 4:36 +; specif. אֵשׁ(הָ)עַמּוּד Ex 13:21, 13:22, 14:24 (all JE) Ne 9:12, 9:19 cf. Dt 1:33 (v. מַרְאֵה־אֵשׁ Nu 9:15, 9:16 P); of destructive fire from י׳ Nu 11:1, 11:2, 11:3 (J) 26:10 (P) Lv 10:2 (P); cf. אֹכֶלָת א׳ in sim. of Yahweh's glory Ex 24:17 (E) Dt 4:24, 9:3; v. also 1 K 18:24, 18:38, 2 K 1:10, 1:10, 1:12, 1:12, 1:14, Jb 1:16 (perh. lightning intended), cf. further of lightning Ex 9:23, 9:24 (JE) Ps 18:13, 18:14, 148:8 etc.

3. fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc. חְלִי אֵשׁ roasted at a fire Ex 12:8, 12:9 (P) cf. Lv 2:14, 2 Ch 35:13, Is 44:16, 44:19; of tinder for lighting fire Gn 22:6, 22:7 (E); of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) Ex 32:24; for refining Je 6:29, where rd. with Qr מֵאֵשׁ תַּם עֹפֶרֶת; cf. Mal 3:2 (sim. of purifying work of messenger of cov&atO;’t).

4. esp. of altar-fire Lv 1:7, 1:7, 6:2, 6:3, 6:5, 6:6 +; in offering incense Lv 10:1, also אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire, i.e. an incense not commanded, offered presumptuously 10:1, Nu 3:4, 26:61; fire from י׳ consuming sacrifice (cf. 2) Lv 9:24, 2 Ch 7:1, 7:3; of fire in child-sacrifice (usually (לְ)הֶעֱבִיר בֵּן בָּאֵשׁ ) 2 K 16:3, 21:6 cf. 17:17, 23:10, 2 Ch 33:6; also שׂרף בָּא׳ 2 K 17:31, בער בָּא׳ 2 Ch 28:3.

5. fig. of Yahweh's anger Ps 89:47 (sim.) cf. Na 1:6, La 2:4 אֵשׁ־עֶבְרָתִי Ez 21:36, 22:31, 38:19, אֵשׁ־קִנְאָתִי Ez 36:5; v. also Is 66:15 Ps 79:5, 89:47 etc.; of word of י׳ Je 23:29; fig. of outbursting emotion Ps 39:4; of flagrant wickedness Is 9:17, etc:

6. in various combinations, לַפִּיד אֵשׁ Gn 15:17 (J) a torch of fire (cf. Di); לַבַּת־אֵשׁ Ex 3:2 flame of fire, לַהַב אֵשׁ Jo 2:5, לַפִּידֵי אֵשׁ (in sim.) Dn 10:6 cf. Zc 12:6, לַהֲבוֹת אֵשׁ Ps 29:7 לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ Is 66:15 cf. לְהָבוֹת א׳ Ps 105:32, לָהָבָה נֹגַהּ א׳ Is 4:5 cf. Ho 7:6; שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ spark of his fire Jb 18:5 cf. כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ 41:11; תַּנּוּר אֵשׁ Ps 21:10 oven of fire, כִּיּוֹר אֵשׁ Zc 12:6; אוֹר אֵשׁ light of fire Ps 78:14; אֵשׁ לֽהֵט flaming fire Ps 104:4; לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ Is 5:24 tongue of fire, גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ Ez 1:13 coals of fire, so 10:2, cf. רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ Ct 8:6; on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ Ez 28:14, 28:16 v. אֶבֶן; אֵשׁ דַּת Dt 33:2, lit. fire of a law, or fire was a law, but דָּת law is Pers. & late; rd. perh. דֹת[לַפִּ]אֵשׁ cf. Ex 20:18 or דֶת[יֹקֶ]אֵשׁ cf. Is 65:5.

† [אֶשָּׁה] n.f. id. Je 6:29 Kt אשׁתם(מ) i.e. from their fire, but Qr מֵאֵשׁ תַּם, v. sub אֵשׁ.

אִשֶּׁה n.m.:Jos 13:14 an offering made by fire (> Wetzst in De:Psalmen, ed. 4, 889 der. fr. √ II. אנשׁ, means to friendly relations betw. God & man; cf. Lag:BN 190) Ex 29:18 + 32 t.; cstr. אִשֵּׁה Lv 1:9 + 14 t.; pl. cstr. אִשֵּׁי Lv 4:35 + 15 t.; sf. אִשַּׁי Nu 28:2, אִשָָּׁי Lv 6:10; used chiefly of offerings of animals, but also of the מִנְחָה Lv 2:11, and of the sacred bread and frankincense Lv 24:7, 24:9 which was placed on the table as a memorial, and finally went to the priests. The word is used in Dt 18:1, Jos 13:14 (D) 1 S 2:28; elsewhere in P Lv 6:10, 10:15, 22:22, Nu 28:2, 28:3, esp. in phrases אִשֵּׁי יהוה Lv 2:3 + 11 t., אִשֵּׁה רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ ליהוה Lv 1:9 + 14 t., ריח ניחח אשׁה ליהוה Ex 29:18 + 6 t., אשׁה ליהוה ריח ניחח Lv 23:13, אשׁה לריח ניחח Lv 3:16, Nu 18:17, ליהוה (הוא)אשׁה Ex 29:25, Lv 2:16; אִשֶּׁה ליהוה acc. after verbs of offering Ex 30:20 + 14 t., אִשֶּׁה עֹלָה ליהוה Nu 28:19, קָרְבָּן אִשֶּׁהליהוה Lv 22:27, Nu 15:25.

78

אִשׁ 2 S 14:19, Mi 6:10, softer form for the usual יֵשׁ (q.v.), there is, are. (Cf. Aram. אִתַי, Ar. أَيْسَ; and on the softening of ye, yi to ’î, see Ew:§ 53 c Ol:p. 425 Nö:§ 40 c.)

אַשְׁבֵּל n.pr.m. (= אַשְׁבְּאֵל ? so Thes; more likely אֶשְׁבַּעַל) 2nd son of Benjamin Gn 46:21 (LXX ̓Ασβηλ) Nu 26:38 (LXX ̓Ασυβηρ) 1 Ch 8:1 (LXX B Σαβα, A & LXXL ̓Ασβηλ).

אַשְׁבֵּלִי adj.gent. הָא׳ as n. coll. Nu 26:38.

אֶשְׁבָּן n.pr.m. a chief of Edom Gn 36:26, 1 Ch 1:41 (etym. dub., LXX ̓Ασβαν, ̓Εσεβαν, ̓Ασεβων).

אַשְׁבֵּעַ v. שׁבע. p. 959 f

אֶשְׁבַּעַל v. אִישׁ־בּשֶׁת. p. 36

אשׁד (√ of following, cf. prob. As. išdu, foundation).

אֶ֫שֶׁד n.[m.] foundation, bottom, lower part (slope) (As. isûdu cf. Lotz:TP 186; > others fr. אֲשַׁד, ܝܫܕ pour, Sab. אסד = מסקי (משׁקה) DHM:ZMG 1883, 8, whence fall, slope; cf. Di Nu 21:15) הַנְּחָלִים א׳ the bottom of the ravines Nu 21:15.

† [אֲשֵׁדָה] n.f. foundation, (mountain-) slope (cf. supr.)—only pl. abs. אֲשֵׁדוֹת Jos 10:40, 12:8; cstr. אַשְׁדּוֹת Jos 12:3, 13:20; אַשְׁדֹּת Dt 3:17, 4:49mountain-slopes Jos 10:40 ההר והנגב והשׁפלה והא׳; 12:8 (‖ id. + מדבר); elsewhere defined תַּחַת א׳ הַפִּסְגָּה Dt 3:17, 4:49, Jos 12:3 cf. 13:20.

אַשְׁדּוֹד n.pr.loc. Ashdod (As. Asdudu, COT:Gloss Dl:Pa 289; Thes MV der. fr. √ שׁדד q.v.) a powerful city of the Philistines on Mediterr. Sea, W. from Jerusalem, modern Esdûd, Jos 11:22, 15:46, 15:47 (where assigned to Judah) 1 S 5:5, 5:6 (but del. Dr cf. LXX) 6:17 Am 1:8, 3:9, Zp 2:4, Zc 9:6, Is 20:1, Je 25:20, 2 Ch 26:6; c. הָ loc. 1 S 5:1 Is 20:1; אַנְשֵׁי א׳ 1 S 5:7; appar. = territory of Ashdod 2 Ch 26:6 וַיִּבְנֶה עָרִים בְּאַשְׁדּוֹד. (Cf. Survey:J, 442.)

אַשְׁדּוֹדִי adj. gent. Ashdodite, הָא׳ n.sg. coll. Jos 13:3; usually pl. אַשְׁדּוֹדִים(הָ) 1 S 5:3, 5:6, Ne 4:1, and as adj. f. נָשִׁים אשׁדודיות Ne 13:23 Kt (Qr אַשְׁדֳּדִיּוֹת).

אַשְׁדּוֹדִית adv. in the language of Ashdod, i.e. of Philistines Ne 13:24 מְדַבֵּר א׳.

אשׁה (support, √ whence following).

† [אָשְׁיָה] n.f. (support) buttress (Ar. آوِيَة column, support, AW Nö:M 113, Targum אוּשָּׁא, pl. אוּשָּׁיָיתָא, אוּשְּׁוָותָא) only pl. sf. buttresses of city of Babylon Je 50:15 אשׁויתיה Kt, אָשְׁיוֹתֶיהָ Qr (‖חוֹמוֹתֶיהָ).

יאֹשִׁיָּ֫הוּ, יאֹשִׁיָּה n.pr.m. (י׳ supporteth)

1. יאֹשִׁיָּהוּ king of Judah, son of Amon 1 K 13:2, 2 K 21:24, 21:26 + 11 t. K, + 19 t. Ch, + 17 t. Je + Zp 1:1; also יאֹו֯שִׁיָּהוּ Je 27:1.

2. יאֹשִׁיָּה a returned exile Zc 6:10.

אִשָּׁה v. sub III. אנשׁ. p. 61

אֱשׁוּן Qr Pr 20:20 v. אִישׁוֹן sub אישׁ. p. 36

אַשּׁוּר n.pr.gent. & terr. Asshur, Assyria (As. Aššur, land & city Dl:Pa 252 COT on Gn 2:14; Pers. Athura, Syr. ܐܳܬܽܘܕ; on the connection with name of god Ašur, & with √ אשׁר = ישׁר good, gracious, cf. COT:1. c.; v. also Jen:ZA, 1886, 1 f. Schr:ib. 209 f. Nö:ib. 268 f.)

1. Asshur as person, 2nd son of Shem Gn 10:22 (P, in table of nations) 1 Ch 1:17.

2. people of Asshur (oft. as invading army & even world-power) Nu 24:22, 24:24 (poem of Balaam) Ho 12:2, 14:4, Is 10:5, 14:25, 19:23, 19:23, 19:24, 19:25, 23:13, 30:31, 31:8, 52:4, La 5:6, Ez 23:5, 27:23, 32:22 (here fem.) Zc 10:11; Ps 83:9 perh. rd. גְּשׁוּר, cf. 2 S 2:9 sub אֲשׁוּרִי; or (if Ps 83 be late) regard אַשּׁוּר (like עֲמָלֵק ib.) as used because of ancient significance; sts. personified as one Is 10:5, Ez 31:3 (but del. Co q.v.), cf. also Mi 5:4, 5:5, Zp 2:13; מַחֲנֵה א׳ 2 K 19:32 = Is 37:36; בְּנֵי א׳ Ez 16:28, 23:7, 23:9, 23:12, 23:23.

3. land of Assyria Gn 2:14, 10:11, Ho 5:13, 7:11, 8:9, 9:3, 10:6, Is 11:11, 11:16, 19:23, Je 2:18, 2:36, Mi 7:12, Zc 10:10; אַשּׁ֫וּרָה Gn 25:18, Is 19:23, 2 K 15:29, 17:6, 17:23, 18:11; אֶרֶץ אַשּׁוּר Is 7:18, 27:13, Ho 11:11, Mi 5:5.

4. esp. מֶלֶח אַשּׁוּר Is 8:4, 10:12, 20:1, 20:4, 20:6 (prob. gloss Is 7:17, 7:20, 8:7) 2 K 15:19 + 41 t. 2 K; 14 t. Is 36–38; 1 Ch 5:6 (אַשֻּׁר) + 13 t. Ch; also Je 50:17, 50:18, Na 3:18, Ezr 4:2; (only Ezr 6:22 of Persian or any king not strictly Assyrian); note also הַמֶּלֶח א׳ Is 36:8, 36:16 (א׳ perh. gloss, cf. Di who holds same view as to 2 K 18:23, 18:31); מַלְכֵי א׳ 2 K 19:11, 19:17 = Is 37:11, 37:18, 2 Ch 28:16, 30:6, Ne 9:32.

אַשּׁוּרִם n.pr.gent.pl. an Arab tribe traced back to Abraham & Keturah Gn 25:3 cf. Di.

79

אֲשׁוּרִי adj.gent. הָא׳ as n.coll. 2 S 2:9, but rd. perh. הַגְּשׁוּרִי q.v., cf. also We Dr; Köh Klo al. rd. הָאָֽשֵׁרִי & comp. Ju 1:32.

אַשְׁחוּר v. שׁחר. p. 1007

אֲשִׁימָא n.pr.[m.] a god of Hamath 2 K 17:30, otherwise wholly unknown.

† [אֶ֫שֶׁךְ] n.[m.] testicle (Syr. ܐܶܫܟܳܐ, Eth. 0skit: etym. unknown) only מְרוֹחַ אָָשֶׁךְ Lv 21:20.

אֶשְׁכּוֹל (אֶשְׁכֹּל Ct 7:8) n.m.:Nu 13:23 cluster (Eth. 0ask4l: Ar. إِشْكَالُ, Aram. אִיתְכְּלָא; etym. dub.; Thes MV sub √ שׁכל, but no suitable meaning proven; Sta:§ 258; 300 der. fr. √ אשׁך c. afformat. ל)—א׳ abs. Nu 13:24 +; cstr. v:23 +; pl. אַשְׁכֹּלוֹת Ct 7:8; cstr. אַשְׁכְּלֽת Dt 32:32, אֶשְׁכְּלוֹת Ct 7:9; sf. אַשְׁכְּלֽתֶיהָ Gn 40:10; —

1. cluster of grapes, עֲנָבִים א׳ Nu 13:23 cf. v:24; vid. also Gn 40:10 הִבְשִׁילוּ עֲנָבִים א׳ its clusters ripened grapes; hence fig. of deeds of enemies of Israel, clusters of gall have they Dt 32:32 (‖עִנְבֵי רוֹשׁ); fig. of Isr. Is 65:8 יִמָּחֵא הַתִּירוֹשׁ בְּא׳; Mi 7:1 אֵין אֶשְׁכּוֹל לֶאֱכוֹל fig. of desolation of Israel under Yahweh's judgment; Ct 7:9 in sim. שָׁדַיִח כְּאֶשְׁכְּלוֹת הַגֶּפֶן cf. v:8 (where Thes MV think of clusters of dates, v. תָּמָר palm-tree, ib.)

2. cluster of henna-flowers, הַכֹּפֶר א׳ (v. כפר), metaph. of the beloved one Ct 1:14. (Cf. Grünwald:Israel. Letterbode, Amst., xi. 148 f.)

אֶשְׁכֹּל n.pr. 1. m. an Amorite, brother of Mamre, dwelling in neighbourhood of Hebron Gn 14:13, 14:24. 2. in combination נַחַל אֶשְׁכֹּל Nu 13:23, Dt 1:24; אֶשְׁכּוֹל נ׳ Nu 13:24, 32:9; —valley of Eshcol, = valley of a cluster, region of Hebron (cf. 13:22); in 13:24 der. fr. א׳ cluster, q. v.; see however Di ad loc.

אַשְׁכְּנַז n.pr.m. 1. a descendant of Japhet Gn 10:3 = 1 Ch 1:6; = 2. a northern people Je 51:27 מַמְלְכוֹת אֲרָרָט מִנִּי וְאַשְׁכְּנָ֑ז (perh. a people Bithynia, = Ascan(ians) + az ending of Armen. patronymics, v. esp. Len:Or. ii. 388 f., also Lag:Ges, Abhandl. 254 f. Di Gn 10:3; but v. Lag:Armen. Stud. 143).

אֶשְׁכָּר v. II. שׁכר. p. 1016

אשׁל (be firm, firmly rooted, cf. Ar. أَشَلَ be firm).

אֵ֫שֶׁל n.m. tamarisk-tree (Ar. أَشْلُ, Sab. אתַל Sab. Denkm.:65 cf. DHM:BS ii. 958; on an Aram. אַתְלָא v. Löw:No. 38; cf. Tristr:FFP 250) planted by Abraham Gn 21:33 (J); in 1 S 22:6 Saul is dwelling בַּגִּבְעָה תַּחַת־הָאֵשֶׁל בָּרָמָה; 31:13 Saul and his sons are buried תַּחַת־הָא׳; it was perh. a sacred tree, marking shrine.

אָשַׁם, אָשֵׁם vb. offend, be guilty (Ar. أَشِمَ, id., أَشَمَ, reum judicavit, أَشَامُ, إِشَْمُ, fault, guilt, mulct, cf. Eth. h.3am:)—אָשַׁם Lv 5:19, Nu 5:7; אָשֵׁם Hb 1:11 + 7 t.; אָֽשְׁמָה Nu 5:6; אָשָָׁמְתָּ Pr 30:10; אָשַׁמְתְּ Ez 22:4; אָשֵָׁמוּ Lv 4:13; Impf. יֶאְשַׁם Ho 4:15 + 13 t.; Inf. abs. אָשֹׁם Lv 5:19; אָשׁוֹם Ez 25:12; —

1. commit an offence, a trespass, do a wrong, or an injury, with לְ:אָשֹׁם אָשַׁם ליהוה he hath done a great wrong to Yahweh (in violating the commands) Lv 5:19 (P); וְנָתַן לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לוֹ and he shall give it (restitution) to him to whom he did wrong Nu 5:7 (P), cf. 2 Ch 19:10, 19:10; וַיֶאְשְׁמוּ אָשׁוֹם and they committed lasting wrong (irreparable wrong, the Edomites against Judah) Ez 25:12.

2. be or become guilty Ju 21:22, Je 50:7, Ho 4:15, Hb 1:11; in offences requiring sin-offering Lv 4:13, 4:22, 4:27 (P), of trespass-offering Lv 5:2, 5:3, 5:17, 5:23, Nu 5:6 (P); with ל guilty of Lv 5:4, 5:5 (P), with ב in or through Ez 22:4, Ho 13:1.

3. be held guilty, bear punishment Ps 34:22, 34:23, Pr 30:10, Is 24:6, Je 2:3, Ho 5:15, 10:2, 14:1, Zc 11:5, Ez 6:6 (but cf. שָׁמֵם). Niph. נֶאְשָׁמוּ suffer punishment Jo 1:18. Hiph. Impf. sf. הַאֲשִׁימֵם declare them guilty Ps 5:11.

אָשֵׁם adj. guilty, א׳ abs. 2 S 14:13; pl. אֲשֵׁמִים אֶל־אָחִינוּ Gn 42:21 (E); guilty, and so bound to offer a trespass-offering Ezr 10:19; but rd. prob. וַאֲשָׁמָם, so Kue:Chronol. v. h. Perzische Tijdvak, 1890, 43.

אָשָׁם n.m. offence, guilt—א׳ Gn 26:10 + 37 t., sf. אֲשָׁמוֹ Nu 5:7 + 7 t.;—

1. offence, trespass, fault Ps 68:22 (guiltiness RV).

2. guilt Gn 26:10 (J) Pr 14:9, Je 51:5.

3. compensation, לְהָשִׁיב הָאָשָׁם אֵלָיו to whom to return the compensation (or satisfaction for injury) Nu 5:7, 5:8 (P; restitution for guilt RV).

4. trespass-offering (AV, but guilt-offering RV) used only in Lv 5, 6:10, 7, 14, 19:21, 19:22, Nu 5, 6:12, 18:9 (P), & Ez 40:39, 42:13, 44:29, 46:20, cf. Ezr 10:19. This offering seems to have been confined to offences against God or man that could be estimated and so covered by compensation. The ordinary trespass-offering was a ram, together with restitution and a penalty of a fifth of its value. The trespass-offerings of the leper and Nazirite were he-lambs Lv 14, Nu 6:12; if the person who suffered wrong or his kinsmen were not living the fine went to the priests. The victims were offered, the blood and fat pieces going to the altar, the skin and flesh to the priests. There seems to have been no application of the blood to the horns of the altar (the chief ceremony of the sin-offering) because the guilt was not expiated at the altar but by compensation to the wronged person or his representative. A part of the blood of the leper's trespass-offering was applied to his person to consecrate him (as in the case of the ram of consecration to consecrate the priests Lv 8:23). The trespass-offering is unknown to JED and the older Hebrew literature. However, the Philistines send an אשׁם of golden mice and tumours 1 S 6:3, 6:4, 6:8, 6:17, and an אשׁם of money was given to the priests 2 K 12:17, but these are entirely different from the trespass-offering of P. The Messianic servant offers himself as an אשׁם in compensation for the sins of the people, interposing for them as their substitute Is 53:10 (incorrectly, sin-offering AV RV). See further Oehler:OT Theol. § 137 Di Lv 5:14.

80

אַשְׁמָה n.f. wrong-doing, guiltiness (properly Inf. cf. אַהֲבָה, יִרְאָה)—א׳ Lv 22:16 + 5 t., cstr. אַשְׁמַת Ezr 10:10 + 3 t.; sf. אַשְׁמָתוֹ Lv 5:24 + 6 t.; pl. אֲשָׁמוֹת 2 Ch 28:10; sf. אַשְׁמוֹתַי Ps 69:6; —

1. doing wrong, committing a trespass or offence 2 Ch 24:18, 28:10, 28:13, 28:13, 28:13 (‖חטאת v:13) 32:23, Ezr 9:6, 9:7, 9:13, 9:15 (‖עָוֹן v:13) Ps 69:6 (‖אִוֶּלָת); מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה לְאַשְׁמָה בָהּ of all that one may do wrong therein Lv 5:26 (P; ‖לַחֲטֹא בָהֵנָּה v:22).

2. becoming guilty 1 Ch 21:3, Ezr 10:10, 10:19; יֶחֱטָא לְאַשְׁמַת הָעָם sin to the becoming guilty of the people (so that the people incur guilt) Lv 4:3; אַשְׁמַת שֹׁמְרוֹן guilt of Samaria (their idols) Am 8:14.

3. bringing a trespass-offering, בְּיוֹם אַשְׁמָתוֹ in the day of his bringing his trespass-offering Lv 5:24; עֲוֹן אַשְׁמָה iniquity requiring a trespass-offering Lv 22:16.

אַשְׁמוּרָה (־מֻרוֹת, ־מֹרֶת) v. שׁמר. p. 1038

אַשְׁמַנִּים v. שׁמן. p. 1032.

אשׁן (√ assumed for foll.; perh. be hard, firm, cf. Aram. אֲשׁוּנָא, אֲשִׁינָא, something firm).

אַשְׁנָה n.pr.loc. (the firm ?) name of two cities in Judah.

1. Jos 15:33.

2. v:43.

אֶשְׁנָב v. שׁנב. p. 1039

אֶשְׁעָן v. שׁען. p. 1043

† [אַשָּׁף] n.m. conjurer, necromancer (prob. Bab. loan-word, As. asûipu COT:Gloss cf. Dl:Pr 141, Aram. אָשַׁף, ܐܳܫܽܘܦܳܐ; v. also As. sûiptu, conjuration) only pl. אַשָּׁמִים Dn 1:20 (‖חַרְטֻמִּים), 2:2 (‖ח׳, מְבַשְּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים).

אשׁף (√ of dub. meaning, whence foll.)

אַשְׁפָּה n.f. quiver for arrows (As. isûpatu Dl:K 29) א׳ lit. as part of warlike equipment Jb 39:23, Is 22:6; fig. in sim. of sons of one's youth as arrows (weapons which the father may wield) Ps 127:5 אַשְׁרֵי הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר מִלֵּא אֶת־אַשְׁפָּתוֹ מֵהֶם the happiness of the man that hath filled his quiver with them ! of Yahweh's quiver, in metaph. of prophet as arrow of י׳ Is 49:2 וַיְשִׂימֵנִי לְחַץ בָּרוּר בְּאַשְׁפָּתוֹ הִסְתִּירָָנִי and he made me into a polished arrow, in his quiver he hid me; also of quiver in which י׳ has his arrows of chastisement, בְּנֵי אַשְׁפָּתוֹ, i.e. his arrows La 3:13 (‖חֵץ v:12).

אַשְׁפְּנַז n.pr.m. the רַב־סָרִיסִים, chief of eunuchs, of Nebuchadrezzar Dn 1:3 (meaning unknown).

אֶשְׁפָּר 2 S 6:19 = 1 Ch 16:3; LXX 2 S 6:19 Aq. Symm. cake or roll; other Verss. ancient & mod. have various conjectures, but actual etym. & mng. unknown; v. Lag:GGA 1884, No. 7. 262 = M i. 214 Dr:Sm.

אַשְׁפֹּת, אַשְׁפַּתּוֹת v. שׁפת. p. 1046

אַשְׁקְלוֹן n.pr.loc. a city of the Philistines (As. Isqaluna COT:Gloss Dl:Pa 290; Ph. adj. gent. cf. infr.) Ju 1:18, 14:19, 1 S 6:17, 2 S 1:20, Je 25:20, 47:5, 47:7, Am 1:8, Zp 2:4, 2:7, Zc 9:5, 9:5; on the Medit. Sea, S. of W. fr. Jerusalem, mod. ï‘ Asqalân, Survey:iii. 237 f. (with plan); cf. also ZPV:ii. 164 f.

אֶשְׁקְלוֹנִי adj. gent. c. art. as subst. הָא׳ Jos 13:3 (Ph. אשקלני).

† [אָשַׁר] vb. go straight, go on, advance (As. ašâru Zim:BP 11; Ar. Aram. in deriv.)—Qal Imv. אִשְׁרוּ Pr 9:6 אִשְׁרוּ בְדֶרֶח בִּינָה go straight on in the way of understanding. Pi. Pf. אִשְּׁרוּ Mal 3:12, Gn 30:13; Impf. תְּאַשֵּׁר Pr 4:14 + 4 t.; Imv. אַשֵּׁר Pr 23:19; Pt. pl. מְאַשְּׁרִים Mal 3:15 + 2 t.;—

1. intensive go straight on, advance Pr 4:14.

2. causative lead on Pr 23:19, Is 3:12, 9:15.

3. set right, righten Is 1:17.

4. pronounce happy, call blessed Gn 30:13 (J) Jb 29:11, Ps 72:17, Pr 31:28, Ct 6:9, Mal 3:12, 3:15. Pu. Impf. יְאֻשַּׁר Ps 41:3; Pt. מְאֻשָּׁר Pr 3:18, Is 9:15. 1. be led on Is 9:15. 2. be made happy, blessed Ps 41:3, Pr 3:18.

† [אֶ֫שֶׁר, or אָשָׁר, cf. Lag:BN 143] n.[m.] only Pl. cstr. אַשְׁרֵי happiness, blessedness of 1 K 10:8 + 32 t. & c. sf., v. infr.; abstr. intens. exclam. O happiness, blessedness of, אַשְׁרֵי אֲנָשֶׁיךָ אַשְׁרֵי עֲבָדֶיךָ אֵלֶּה happy thy men, happy these thy servants; 1 K 10:8 (= 2 Ch 9:7); אַשְׁרֵי אֱנוֹשׁ יוֹכִיחֶנּוּ אֱלוֹהַּ blessed the man whom Eloah correcteth Jb 5:17; אַשְׁרֵי תְמִימֵי דֶרֶךְ blessed the perfect in way Ps 119:1; אַשְׁרֵי בָנָיו אַחֲרָיו blessed his children after him Pr 20:7; elsewhere cstr. with אָדָם Ps 32:2, 84:6, 84:13, Pr 3:13, 8:34, 28:14; with הַגֶּבֶר Ps 34:9, 40:5, 94:12, 127:5; אִישׁ(הָ) Ps 1:1, 112:1; אֱנוֹשׁ Is 56:2; הַגּוֹי Ps 33:12; הָעָם Ps 89:16, 144:15, 144:15; before ptcp. Ps 2:12, 32:1, 41:2, 84:5, 106:3, 119:2, 128:1, Is 30:18, Dn 12:12; before verbal clauses without relative Ps 65:5, Pr 8:32; with שֶׁ־ Ps 137:8, 137:9, 146:5; with sf. אַשְׁרֶיךָ (for אֲשָׁרֶיךָ) O thy happiness ! Dt 33:29, Ps 128:2; אַשְׁרֵיךְ Ec 10:17; אַשְׁרֵיכֶס Is 32:20; אַשְׁרָיו Pr 14:21, 16:20; אַשְׁרֵהוּ Pr 29:18 (on these forms v. Ges:§ 93, R. 1, E).

81

† [א֫שֶׁר] n.[m.] happiness, only sf. בְּאָשְׁרִי in my happiness Gn 30:13 (J).

† [אֲשׁוּר, אָשׁוּר] n.f.:Ps 44:19 step, going (cf. Ar. إِشْرُ, أَشَرُ, Eth. 0asar: footstep) only sf. אֲשֻׁרוֹ Jb 23:11, Pr 14:15; אֲשׁוּרַי Ps 17:5; אֲשֻׁרָָי Ps 40:3, 73:2; אֲשֻׁרֵנוּ Ps 44:19; אֲשֻׁרָיוּ Ps 37:31, all poet. & fig. of mode of life, etc.

† [אַשֻּׁר] n.f.:Jb 31:7 step, going, same usage, אַשֻּׁרַי Jb 31:7; אַשֻּׁרֵנוּ Ps 17:11.

אָשֵׁר n.pr.m. Asher (happy one, Felix, cf. Ph. אשרשלח, which however may contain (god) Asshur or Osiris, cf. Bae:Rel 161).

1. son of Jacob and Zilpah Gn 30:13, 35:26, 46:17, Ex 1:4, Nu 26:46, 1 Ch 2:2.

2. the tribe Gn 49:20, Nu 1:13, Dt 27:13, 33:24, 33:24, Jos 17:10, 17:11, 19:34, Ju 1:31, 5:17, 6:36, 7:23, 1 K 4:16, 1 Ch 12:36, 2 Ch 30:11, Ez 48:2, 48:3, 48:34; בְּנֵי אָשֵׁר Nu 1:40, 2:27, 7:72, 10:26, 26:44, 26:47, 34:27, Jos 19:24, 19:31, 1 Ch 7:30, 7:40; מַטֵּה אָשֵׁר Nu 1:41, 2:27, 13:13, Jos 21:6, 21:30, 1 Ch 6:47, 6:59.

3. n.pr.loc. city E. of Shechem Jos 17:7.

אָשֵׁרִי adj. gent. c. art. הָא׳ as n. coll. Ju 1:32.

אֲשֻׁרִים, in בַּת א׳ Ez 27:6 (rd. בִּתְאַשֻּׁרִים with box-wood Bo Hi MV Co al., cf. foll.)

תְּאַשּׁוּר n.f. box-tree (on form cf. Sta:§ 267) Is 41:19, 60:13, Ez 27:6 (cf. supr.) a small evergreen tree about 20 feet high, growing on Lebanon, Bo Tristr:Nat. Hist. Bib 339, so Vulgate Targum RV. (Others sherbîn, a species of cedar distinguished by the smallness of its cones and the upward direction of its branches, cf. Thes RobGes.)

אֲשֵׁרָה, אֲשֵׁירָה 2 K 17:16 n.pr.f. Ashera (As. n.pr.f. Aš-ra-tu, c. sign for deity, in Canaanitish n.pr. Abad-Ašratum, servant of A. Schr:ZA 1888, 363, cf. Wkl & Abel:Thontafelfund v. El Amarna ii. No. 77, 1.9, & Sayce:RP2. ii. 67, iii. 71; on deriv. cf. As. aširat, adj. fem. gracious, COT:Gloss):—usually with the art.: prob. a. a Canaanitish goddess of fortune & happiness; having prophets 1 K 18:19, an image 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16, 2 K 21:7, sacred vessels 2 K 23:4, houses v:7. b. a symbol of this goddess, a sacred tree or pole set up near an altar 1 K 16:33, 2 K 13:6, 17:16, 18:4, 21:3, 23:6, 23:15; prohibited Dt 16:1; burnt by Gideon Ju 6:25, 6:26, 6:28, 6:30. Pl. אֲשֵׁרוֹת a. the goddess Ju 3:7 (prob. error for עַשְׁתָּרֹת Vulgate). b. sacred trees or poles 2 Ch 19:3, 33:3; elsewhere אֲשֵׁרִים id. Is 27:9 + 12 t.; sf. Mi 5:14 + 5 t.;—Ex 34:13 (J) Dt 7:5, 12:3, Is 17:8, 27:9, Je 17:20, Mi 5:13, 1 K 14:15, 14:23, 2 K 17:10, 23:14, 2 Ch 14:2, 17:6, 24:18, 31:1, 33:19, 34:3, 34:4, 34:7.—(Cf. also Sta:ZAW 1881, 344 f. RS:Sem. i. 171 f., 175 n. We:H 235, who think א׳ only the sacred pole.)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation (Moab. id.; origin dub.:

1. acc. to Tsepreghi:Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau:Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta:Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; La. § 167 Hommel:ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll:§ 153 Sayce:Hbr. ii. 51 Lag:M. i. 255 & esp. Kraetzschmar:Hbr. vi. 298 ff, orig. a subst. ‘ place ’ = أَشَرُ footstep, mark, 0a3ar: (do.), אֲתַר, ܐܰܬܰܪ place, As. asûru, used (v. Kraetz.) both as a subst. ‘ there, where, ’ and as a relative of place ‘ where ’: in Heb. this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Heb. from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (cf. also Nö:ZMG 1886, 738).

2. according to Phi:St. C. 73 Sperling:Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15–22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q.v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Ph.), and (2) the addition of the demonstr. root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q.v.), أَلَّذِي he who, 0la: who (pl.)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the comp. of Syr. ܗܳܪܟܳܐ by side of Targ. הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Heb. to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pron. affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gn 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֹ־בוֹ lit. as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁר־תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so שָׁם…אֲשֶׁר = where, מִשָּׁם…אֲשֶׁר = whence, Gn 2:11, 3:23, 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (v. infr.) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nom. or obl. cases, as Nu 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Ex 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (acc. to the context) him who…, those who…, that which…; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who… Gn 43:16, to those who… 47:24, to that which 27:8; מֵאֲשֶׁר Ju 16:30, 2 S 18:18 than those whom; Lv 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֹ to him from whom he bought it, Nu 5:7; Is 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֹ like him against whom there is a creditor. 2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pron. affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the exx. cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous constr. עִם אֲשֶׁר Gn 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֹ (see Gn 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Is 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for לָהֶם…אֲשֶׁר Ez 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pron. in the nomin., in the foll. cases:—(a) immediately, mostly before an adj. or ptcp., Gn 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּא־חַי which are living, Lv 11:26, Nu 9:13, 14:8, 14:27, 35:31, Dt 20:20, 1 S 10:19 (v. Dr) 2 K 25:19 (‖ Je 52:25 היה) Je 27:9, Ez 43:19, Hg 1:9, Ru 4:15, Ne 2:18, Ec 7:26; before a vb. 2 K 22:13 (omitted 2 Ch 34:21). (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gn 7:2, 17:12, Nu 17:5, Dt 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לאֹ אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, 20:15, Ju 19:12, 1 K 8:419:20 ‖. N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵָמָּה is an unparalleled expression for ‘ who are in the land ’; rd. אֲשֶׁר בָּאָָרֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג׳ ‘ the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom, ’ etc.

3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pron. of 1 or 2 ps. as well as of 3 ps. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who…, thou who, etc.; Ho 14:4 אֲשֶׁר־בְּךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֹם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Je 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, 32:19, Is 49:23, Jb 37:17 f. thou whose garments are warm…, canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19, 71:20, 144:12 we whose sons, etc., 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲשֶׁר־עֻשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶרI who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Ex 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day,—ye shall not see them again for ever! (cf. Ps 41:9).

4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed witha. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subj. of a sentence, or the direct obj. of a vb.: so constantly, as Gn 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc. b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why: (a) Gn 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (cf. 2 Ch 35:20) 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Jos 14:10, 1 K 22:25; after יוֹם or הַיּוֹם Dt 4:10, Ju 4:14, 1 S 24:5 (v. Dr) 2 S 19:25, Je 20:14 al.; similarly Gn 40:13. (β) Gn 35:13 בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ in the place where he spake with him, v:14, 39:20, Nu 13:27, 22:26, Dt 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), 8:15, 1 K 8:9 (unless לוּחוֹת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: v. LXX & Dt 9:9) Is 55:11 64:10 Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Ex 32:34, Ru 1:16; אֶל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר to every (place) whither Jos 1:16, Pr 17:8; בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where † Ju 5:27, 17:8, 17:9, 1 S 23:13, 2 K 8:1, Ru 1:16, 1:17, Jb 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gn 21:17; בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Jos 1:7, 1:9, Ju 2:15, 1 S 14:47, 18:5, 2 S 7:7, 2 K 18:7; מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoeverEx 5:11, Ru 2:9; עַל־אֲשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2 S 15:20, 1 K 18:12; עַל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר Je 1:7. (δ) …זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר this is the reason that or why… Jos 5:4, 1 K 11:27. c. more extreme instances Lv 14:22, 14:30, 14:31, Nu 6:21, Dt 7:19 (wherewith), 28:20, 1 S 2:32 (wherein), 1 K 2:26, Ju 8:15 (about whom), Is 8:12 (where יאמר would be foll. normally by לוֹ), 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, 47:15, Zp 3:11, Ec 3:9, 1 K 14:19 (= how). d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after (אָמַרְתִּי וג׳)אֲשֶׁר אָמַר followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pron. in the speech which follows, as Gn 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Ex 22:8, Dt 28:68, Ju 7:4 (זֶה) 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pron., cf. Dt 9:2) 1 S 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; cf. 2 S 11:16, 2 K 17:12, 21:4.

5. אֲשֶׁר sts. in poet. = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4, 55:20, 95:4, 95:5, Jb 4:19, 5:5, 9:5 (Hi) 15:17.

6. אֲשֶׁר occas. receives its closer definition by a subst. following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the rel. clause: (a) in the phrase peculiar to Je., אֶל יר׳ אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י׳ that which came (of) the word of י׳ to Je. † 14:1, 46:1, 47:1, 49:34 (cf. Ew:§ 334); (b) Ex 25:9, Nu 33:4, 1 S 25:30, 2 K 8:12, 12:6 לְכֹל :אֲשֶׁר־יִמָּחֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק Ez 12:25; cf. the Eth. usage Di:§ 201; (c) (antec. repeated) Gn 49:30 = 50:13, 1 S 25:30 (י׳ repeated), Is 54:9 (prob.) as to which I sware that, etc., Am 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

7. אֲשֶׁר ל׳ that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used a. either alone or preceded by כָּל־ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gn 14:23 מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ of all that is thine, 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, 32:24 & sent over אֶת־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ that which he had, + oft. b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gn 29:9 עִם־הַצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, 40:5, 47:4, Lv 9:8, Ju 6:11, 1 S 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ, 2 S 14:31 אֶת־הַחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁר־לִי, 23:8, 1 K 1:8, 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁר־לִי upon mine own mule, v:49, 4:2, 2 K 11:10, 16:13, Ru 2:21; and esp. in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genit., as Gn 23:9, 40:5, 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Ex 38:30, Ju 3:20, 6:25, 1 S 17:40, 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 24:5 אֶת־כְּנַף־הַמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁר־לְשָׁאוּל, 2 S 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1 K 10:28, 15:20, 22:31, Je 52:17, Ru 4:3. c. with names of places (esp. such as do not readily admit the st. cstr.) Ju 18:28, 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, 20:4, 1 S 17:1, 1 K 15:27, 16:15, 17:9, 19:3, 2 K 14:11. Comp. שֶׁל (q.v.) which in Rabb., like the Aram. -דִּיל, ܕܺܝܠ, is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive.—N.B. In Aram. also דּי, ܕ, without ל, expresses the gen. relation, as מִלְּתָא דִי־מַלְכָּא, lit. the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1 S 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Ex 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (LXX εἶπε); 1 K 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (LXX ἥν ἐποίησεν); 2 K 25:10 supply אֵת with (as ‖ Je 52:14); 2 Ch 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (cf. LXX) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2 K 22:14); cf. Ew:§ 292 a, b with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aram. דּי, ܕ, a conj. approximating in usage to כִּי: thus a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc. (a) with אֵת Dt 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְחַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., 29:15, Jos 2:10, 1 S 24:11, 24:19, 2 S 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁר־יֹרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2 K 8:12, Is 38:3 + oft. As subj. (rare) 1 K 14:19, 2 K 14:15, 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) † 2 S 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that… Zc 8:20 (prob.) yet (shall it be) that… v:23; cf. כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Ct 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Ex 11:7, Ez 20:26 (very strange in Ez: v. Hi) Jb 9:5 (Ew De Di) Ec 8:12, רָאָה Dt 1:31 (RV) 1 S 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lv 5:5, 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 K 22:16 (caused to swear that…); after a noun Is 38:7 הָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר the sign that… (‖ 2 K 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2 Ch 2:7, and esp. Ne Est: Ne 2:5, 2:10, 7:65 (= Ezr 2:63) 8:14, 8:15, 10:31, 13:1, 13:19, 13:22, Est 1:19, 2:10, 3:4, 4:11, 6:2, 8:11, Ec 3:22 (מֵאֲשֶׁר) 5:4, 7:18 (with טוֹב: contrast Ru 2:22) v:22; v:29, 8:12, 8:14, 9:1, Dn 1:8, 1:8. (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q.v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1 S 15:20, 2 S 1:4, 2:4 (v. Dr) Ps 10:6 (prob.), Ne 4:6. b. it is resolvable into so that: Gn 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לאֹ יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., 13:16, 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Ex 20:26, Dt 4:10, 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ 6:3, 28:27, 28:51, 1 K 3:12, 3:13, 2 K 9:37, Mal 3:19. c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gn 30:18, 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, 34:13, 34:27, 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Nu 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Dt 3:24, Jos 4:7, 4:23, 22:31, Ju 9:17, 1 S 2:23, 15:15, 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) י׳ hath withholden, 2 S 2:5 blessed are ye of י׳, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1 K 3:19, 15:5, 2 K 12:3, 17:4, 23:26, Je 16:13, Ec 8:11, 8:12 (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why…? (= lest) Dn 1:10: v. sub לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Jb 34:27 v. sub כִּי עַל כֵּן. d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lv 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (v:3; v:13; v:27 אִם), Nu 5:29 (explained differently by Ew:§ 334 a), Dt 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (v:28 אִם), 18:22 Ges, Jos 4:21 …אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן when they ask…, then…(v:6 כִּי), Is 31:4. In 1 K 8:33 (‖ 2 Ch 6:24 כִּי, cf. K v:35; v:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1 K 8:31 (‖אִם). e. perh. (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Je 33:22, Is 54:9 (sq. כֵּן; but כֵּן q.v. sts. stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); acc. to some also Je 48:8, Ps 106:34 (in a connexion where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the obj. of אָמַר). In 1 S 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם rd. כַּאֲשֶׁר, v. Dr. f. combined with preps., אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with אַחַר (אַחֲרֵי), מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words.—הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrog., occurs once, 2 K 6:22.

Note I. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in Engl., its force is not unfreq. capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2 S 2:5 (above 8 c), Is 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q.v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not prob., being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Is 8:20 either ‘ Surely acc. to this word will those speak who have no dawn, ’ or ‘…will they speak when (cf. supr. 8 d Dt 11:27, Jos 4:21) they have no dawn. ’

84

בַּאֲשֶׁר :19 a. in (that) which… Is 56:4, 65:12, 66:4 (supr. 1); Ec 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Is 47:12 (v. 2). b. adv. in (the place) where: supr. 4 b (γ). c. conj. in that, inasmuch as, † Gn 39:9, 39:23, Ec 7:2, 8:4; cf. ܟܕ. d.Jon 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aram. בְּדִיל: v. sub שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר v. sub כְּ. p. 455

מֵאֲשֶׁר:17 a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that…) Gn 3:11, Ex 29:27, 29:27, Nu 6:11 (see Lv 4:26, Jos 10:11, Ju 16:30, Is 47:13 +; than that…Ec 3:22; לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁרEst 4:11. b. adv. from (the place) where: supr. 4 a (β). c. conj. from (the fact) that…, sinceIs 43:4.

† [אשׁשׁ] (cf. أَسَّسَ found, establish) Hithpo. וְהִתְאשָָׁשׁוּ Is 46:8 (der. fr. above by Targum Jer Hi Kn De MV, shew yourselves firm, but) rd. perh. הִתְבּשָָׁשׁוּ Lag Che, v. בּוֹשׁ (Thes expl. as denom. from אִישׁ; on other views cf. Di).

אֲשִׁישָׁה n.f. (pressed) raisin-cake—א׳ 2 S 6:19, 1 Ch 16:3 distributed, with other viands, to people; esp. as stimulating, pl. אֲשִׁישׁוֹת Ct 2:5; more explicitly אֲשִׁישֵׁי עֲנָבִים Ho 3:1 used in sacrificial feasts (cf. RS:OTJC Lect. xi. n. 7); אֲשִׁישֵׁי קִיר חֲרֶשֶׂת Is 16:7, i.e. the raisin-cakes which were an article of trade at Qir-ḥareseth (taken by Thes al. = foundations, i.e. foundations exposed by ruin, from [אָשִׁישׁ] with such a meaning).

אֵ֫שֶׁת v. אִשָּׁה sub III. אנשׁ. p. 61

אֶשְׁתָּאוֹל Jos 15:33 + 2 t., אֶשְׁתָּאֹל Ju 13:25 + 3 t. n.pr.loc. (in form like the inf. of the Arab. VIII. conj. from שָׁאַל: so אֶשְׁתְּמֹעַ from שָׁמַע. Perh. Arabic-speaking tribes may have settled in parts of S. of Judah) city of Danites in the שְׁפֵלָה of Judah, named with חָרְעָה Jos 15:33, 19:41, Ju 13:25, 16:31, 18:2, 18:8, 18:11; perh. mod. Eshû‘ª Survey:iii. 25 Guerin:Pal. ii. 13 f. 382.

אֶשְׁתָּאֻלִי adj.gent. c. art. הָא׳ as n. coll. 1 Ch 2:53.

אֶשְׁתּוֹן n.pr.m. a man of Judah (perh. fr. אֵשֶׁת = effeminate or uxorious) 1 Ch 4:11, 4:12.

אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ Jos 21:14, אֶשְׁתְּמֹעַ 1 S 30:28, 1 Ch 4:17, 4:19, 6:42, אֶשְׁתְּמֹה Jos 15:50 n.pr.loc. Levitical city in mountain-country of Judah, south of Hebron, mod. Semû‰‘ₐ v. Rob:BR i. 464, ii. 204 Survey:iii. 403 Bd:Pal. 153; 1 Ch 4:17, 4:19 it appears as n.pr.m. of a man of Judah. (On the form, cf. sub אֶשְׁתָּאוֹל.)

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶת־, with suff. אֹתִי; אֹֽתְךָ, אֹֽתְכָהNu 22:33, אֹתָָךְ, אֹתָָכָהEx 29:35, fem. אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֹ etc.; 2 pl. אֶתְכֶם, once אֽוֹתְכֶם Jos 23:15; 3 mpl. regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶםGn 32:1, Ex 18:20, Nu 21:3, Ez 34:12, 1 Ch 6:50, once אֽוֹתְהֶם Ez 23:45; 3 fpl., on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ez 16:54 (also אֽוֹתְהֶן Ez 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Ex 35:26, אוֹתָ֖נָה Ez 34:21); forms with cholem also oft. written plene:—the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moab. id., Ph. אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd:p. 213 f.); Aram. יָת freq. in Targum; Syr. ܝܰܬ very rare as mark of accus. (for which ܠ is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܒܝܳܬܶܗ per se, reapse, ܠܝܳܬܶܗ sibi ipsi, PS:1640 f., Sam. yt ; Ar. إِيَّا, only used with sf., when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W:AG i. § 189. [Eth. uses key4 kīyā similarly, Di:§ 150 a; but it is dub. if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been Õ’iwyath, orig. a subst. with foll. gen., Ol:p. 432; whether ultim. a parallel development with אוֹת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W:AG i. § 188 Lag:M i. 226 affirm, Nö:ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Heb. the ground-form is אוֹת; the forms with ē, e being abbreviated. In postB Heb., used in combination with another prep.: thus בְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Bibl. בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוֹתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accus. prefixed to substs. defined either by the art. (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pron. affix, or in virtue of being proper names: a. with transitive verbs, Gn 1:1, 1:16, 1:29, 1:30, 2:11, 4:1, 4:2, 9:3 (:אֶת־כֹּֽל) etc. Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Jos 24:15, 1 S 12:3, 28:11, Is 6:8 al. (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Gn 29:33, 44:29, 1 S 21:16, 1 K 22:27 +, זאֹת Gn 29:27, 2 S 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gn 46:18, Lv 11:18, Is 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pron. affix, a pron. can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the foll. passages: Gn 7:1, 24:14, 37:4, Lv 10:17, 11:33, Nu 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Dt 4:14, 6:13, 6:23, 13:5, Ju 14:3 אוֹתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1 S 14:35, 15:1, 18:17, 21:10 אִם־אֹתָהּ תִּקַּח־לְךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 K 1:35, 14:9, Is 43:22, 57:11, Je 9:2. So הַאוֹתִיJe 5:22, 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Je 7:19, Ez 34:2. Rarely with a subst. which is undefined (Ew:§ 277 d 2 Ges:§ 117, 1, R. 2), as Ex 21:28, Nu 21:9, Lv 20:14, 1 S 24:6, (but v. Dr) 2 S 4:11, 18:18, 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the art., Gn 21:30, 2 S 15:16, Lv 26:5, 1 S 9:3 (so Nu 16:15) Is 33:19, 41:7, Ez 43:10 (for further exx. v. Ew l. c.) b. with a passive verb (Ges:§ 121. 1 Ew:§ 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accus. of that which is its real object: exx. occur with tolerable frequency from Gn 4:18 (J) וַיִּקָּרֵא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ חֲנֹךְ and there was called (= one called) his name Enoch, 17:5 (P), 21:5 (E), 27:42, 2 S 21:11, 1 K 18:13, Ho 10:6 etc., to Je 35:18, 38:4, 50:20, Ez 16:4, 16:5, Est 2:13 (cf. Dr:JPh xi. 227 f.): also with pass. vbs. of filling (Ew:§ 281 b), as Ex 1:7 +. c. with neuter verbs or expressions, esp. such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a constr. κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Jo 22:l7, 2 S 11:25, Ne 9:32 (cf. 1 S 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hg 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיֽ. d. poet. (si vera l.), after an abstr. noun used with a verbal force, † Hb 3:13 (Am 4:11, Is 13:19, Je 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arab. nom. verbi [v. W:AG i. § 196, 43]; and Nu 10:2, Ez 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: cf. Ew:§ 239 a).

2. את marks an accus. in other relations than that of direct obj. to a verb: a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Nu 13:17, Dt 1:19, 2:7 (to ‘ walk the wilderness ’); denoting the goal Ju 19:18, Ez 21:25 (Ew:§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1). b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Ex 13:7, Lv 25:22, Dt 9:25. c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gn 17:11, 17:14, 1 K 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so esp. וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a cstr. κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other prep. Thus (α) Ex 1:14, Nu 3:26, 3:46, 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ez 35:10) Nu 18:21 b, Dt 11:2 (anacol.), 14:13, Jos 17:11, Ju 20:44, 20:46 (contr. v:25; v:35) 1 S 17:34 (v. Dr) 26:16, 2 S 21:22, 2 K 6:5, Is 53:8 (prob.), 57:12, Je 23:33 (but rd. rather with LXX Vulgate אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) 27:8, 36:22, 38:16 Kt, 45:4 b, Ez 16:22, 17:21, 20:16, 29:4 b, 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) 44:3, Zc 8:17, Ec 4:3, Dn 9:13, Ne 9:19, 9:34, 1 Ch 2:9, 2 Ch 31:17. In 1 S 30:23, Hg 2:5 prob. some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Je 38:9, Ez 14:22 b, 37:19 b, Zc 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 K 6:5, Ez 43:17 strangely (in 1 K LXX om. the clause: so Sta:ZAW 1883, 135).—In 1 K 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (v. וְ); v:25 is corrupt (rd. with LXX זאֹת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ez 47:17, 47:18, 47:19 rd. similarly for ואת, זאֹת: see v:20.—For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson:Hbr. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sts. with II. אֵת). For denoting the pron. obj. of a vb., את with suff. preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with JE Dt Ju S K (v. Giesebrecht:ZAW 1881, 258 f.),—partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

85

II. אֵת, prep. with—with makk. אֶת־, with suff. אִתִּי, אִתְּךָ, אִתְּכֶם etc. (also, however, אֽוֹתְךָ, אוֹתוֹ, and similarly מֵאֽוֹתְךָ, מֵאוֹתוֹ etc.), first in Jos 10:25, 14:12, next 2 S 24:24; then repeatedly (but not exclusively) 1 K 202 K 8, & in Je Ez, e.g. 1 K 20:25 (but v:23 אִתָּם) 22:7, 22:8, 22:24 (beside מֵאִתִּי) 2 K 1:15, 3:11, 3:12, 3:26, 6:16 (beside מֵאִתּוֹ) 8:8, Je 2:35, 10:5, 16:8, 19:10, 20:11, Ez 2:6, 10:17, 23:23, 37:26 (v. infr. 1 d; also Is 59:21, contr. Gn 17:4: on שָׁכַב אֹתָהּ Gn 34:2 al., v. sub שָׁכַב, & cf. Dr:Sm ii. 13, 14) prep. denoting proximity (syn. עִם; Ph. את, e.g. CIS:i. 3, 8 לא יכן לם משכב את רפאם let there not be for them a resting-place with the shades; As. itti (perh. akin to ittu ‘ side, ’ Dl:Pr 115 Hpt KAT:2. 498; but cf. Nö:ZMG Õ’86, 738 f.). Not found as yet in the other cogn. languages: but cf. Eth. 0nta Õ’ enta, towards, which supports the view; that אֵת is for &atO;’ int [cf. תֵּת, תִּתִּי], perh. from √ אנה to meet Ol:p. 431 Prät:ZMG Õ’73, 643 Lag:M i. 226).

1. Of companionship, together with: Gn 6:13 behold, I destroy them אֶת־הָאָרֶץ together with the earth, 11:31, 12:4 + oft., esp. with verbs of dwelling, abiding, going, etc., as Ju 1:3, 14:11, 19:4, & in the phrase הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ Ju 4:13, 7:1, 9:33, 9:48, 1 S 14:20, 30:4 etc.; thou, and thy sons …:אִתָּֽח with thee Gn 6:18; similarly (3rd pers.) 7:7, 7:13, 8:18, 9:8 al. (charact. of P: Dr:Intr 124); הִתְהַלֵּח אֶת־הָאֱלֽהִים to walk with God, i.e. to have him as a companion (sc. by adopting a course of life pleasing to him) Gn 5:22, 5:24, 6:9 (cf. הִתְהַלֵּח אֵת lit. 1 S 25:15);—by the side of, like Is 45:9, equally with Lv 26:39, in common with Je 23:28 b (cf. עִם 1 e, f). Hence, in partic.—a. with for the purpose of help: Nu 14:9 אִתָּנוּ וי׳, Jos 14:12 (אוֹתִי, as Je 20:11) Ju 1:19, 2 K 6:16, 9:32 מִי אִתִּי מִי who is on my side, who ? כִּי אִתְּךָ אֲנִי Is 43:5, Je 1:18, 1:19 +; Is 63:3, Ps 12:5 our lips are with us, on our side; in the phrase אֵת יַד פּ׳ (הָֽיְתָה) 2 S 14:19, 2 K 15:19, Je 26:24; נָשָׂא אֵת to bear together with, i.e. to assist Ex 18:22, Nu 11:17. Exceptionally, = with the help of: Gn 4:1 for I have gotten a man אֶת־י׳ with the help of י׳ (cf. עם 1 S 14:45) 49:25 (where, however, the parallelism, & Targum SyrVer Sam. favour וְאֵל שַׁדַּי for וְאֵת שַׁדַּי) Mi 3:8; cf. Est 9:29. b. beside (Germ. neben): Gn 39:6 לֽא יָדַע אִתּוֹ מְאוּמָה he knew not with him, beside him, aught (i.e. Joseph managed everything), v:8, Ex 20:23 לאֹ תַעֲשׂוּן אִתִָּי ye shall not make (aught) beside me. c. beside = in the presence of (rare): Gn 20:16 b and before all thou shalt be righted, Is 30:8, Mi 6:1. In this sense אֶת־פְּנֵי פּ׳ is more freq., v. sub פָּנִים d. of intercourse of different kinds with another, e.g. after verbs of making a covenant or contract, or (less often) of speaking or dealing: (α) Gn 9:9, 15:18, 17:4 (Ez 16:60, Is 59:21 -אוֹת) Jos 10:4, 1 K 3:1 etc.; cf. 1 S 2:13 (but here הַכֹּהֵן מֵאֶת־ is prob. to be read with LXX SyrVer Targum Ke We etc., cf. Dt 18:3). (β) Gn 17:3, 42:30 דִּבֶּר אִתָּנוּ קָשׁוֹת, 1 K 8:15, Ps 109:2, & esp. in Je and Ez (as Je 1:16, 4:12, [52:9 אִתּוֹ] 5:5, 12:1; Ez 2:1, 3:22, 3:24, 3:27, 14:4, 44:5—all -אוֹת); Gn 24:49 to perform kindness אֵת (עִם is here more genl.), 2 S 16:17 זֶה חַסְדְּךָ אֶת־רֵעֶךָָ, Ru 2:20, Zc 7:9; Jn 11:27 וְאַתָּה עשֶֹׁה אִתִּי רָעָה, Dt 1:30, 10:21, 1 S 12:7 b, (-אוֹת) Je 21:2, 33:9, Ez 7:27, 16:59, 22:14, 23:25, 23:29, 39:24; abs. Ez 17:17, 20:44, Ps 109:21, Zp 3:19; (γ) in a pregn. sense, (in dealing) with, i.e. towards (rare): Is 66:14, Ps 67:2 יָאֵר פָּנָיו אִתָּנוּ make his face to shine with (= toward) us (varied from אֶל Nu 6:25) Dt 28:8; faithful with Ps 78:8 (cf. v:37 נָכוֹן עִם); Ez 2:6 (אוֹתָָח); Ju 16:15 וְלֽבְּךָ אֵין אִתִּי. (δ) often with verbs of fighting, striving, contending, as Gn 14:2, 14:8, 14:9, Nu 20:13, Is 45:9 a, 50:8, Ps 35:1, Pr 23:11; with בָּא בְמִשְׁפָּט Ps 143:2 (Is 3:14 al. עִם).

2. Of localities, esp. in the phrase אֲשֶׁר אֵת describing a site: Ju 3:19, 4:11 אֲשֶׁר אֶת־קֶדֶשׁ which is near Kedesh, 1 K 9:26, 2 K 9:27 (cf. עם 2, which is commoner in this sense); Ez 43:8; Ex 33:21 הִנֵּה מָקוֹם אִתִּי. Perh., anomalously, 1 S 7:16 at or by all those places (but v. Dr); in 2 S 15:23 עַל־פְּנֵי דֶרֶךְ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּר, אֵת = towards is against anal.: rd. with LXXL עַל־פָּנָיו דֶּרֶךְ הַזַּיִת אֲשֶׁר בַּמִּדְבָּר; 1 K 9:25 אִתּוֹ beside it (sc. the altar); but עָלָיו 13:1 etc. would be idiomatic, & for אִתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר Klo proposes plausibly אֶת־אִשֹּׁוֹ (v. Ex 30:20).

3. אֵת פּ׳ denotes specially, a. in one's possession or keeping: Gn 27:15, 30:29 thou knowest …אֵת אֲשֶׁר הָיָה מִקְנְךָ אִתִּי how thy cattle fared with me, v:33, Lv 5:23, 19:13, Dt 15:3, Ju 17:2, 1 S 9:7 מָה אִתָּנוּ = what have we ? 25:29, Is 49:4 my right is with Jehovah (contr. 40:27), Je 8:8, Ps 38:11, the light of mine eyes also אֵין אִתִּי i.e. is gone from me, Pr 3:28, 8:18; in his power, Je 10:5 הֵיטֵיב אֵין אוֹתָם is not in their power, perh. Ps 12:5. A dream, or the word of י׳, is said to be אֵת with a prophet, 2 K 3:12, Je 23:28, 27:18. Metaph. of a mental quality, Pr 11:2, 13:10. b. in one's knowledge or memory: Is 59:12 פְּשָׁעֵינוּ אִתָּנוּ our transgressions are with us, i.e. present to our minds (‖וַעֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ יְדַעֲנוּם), Jb 12:3 אֶת־מִי־אֵין כְּמוֹ־אֵלָּה with whom are not (i.e. who knoweth not ? τίς οὐ σύνοιδε;) things like these ? 14:5 אִתָּךְ i.e. known to thee, Pr 2:1, Gn 40:14, Je 12:3 (Ew Gf towards thee, as 1 d γ). So אִם־יֵשׁ אֶת־נַפְשְׁכֶם Gn 23:8 [2 K 9:15 נ׳ alone], אֶת־לְבָבְךָ 2 K 10:15. Comp. עם 4 b, which is more frequent in this sense.

4. מֵאֵת (מֵאִתִּי, etc.; also -מֵאוֹת, v. p. 85) from proximity with (like Gk. παρά with a genit., Fr. de chez; in Syr. Arab. ܡܶܢ ܠܘܳܬ, مِن عِنْدَ correspond. Synon. מֵעִם; see below): coupled almost always with persons (contrast מֵעִם, a). Thus a. with קָנָה to buy Gn 25:10 + oft. (cf. 17:27); לָקַח Gn 42:24, Ex 25:2, Lv 25:36, Nu 17:17 + oft.; נָשָׂא Ps 24:5; שִׁלַּח, as Gn 8:8 וַיְשַׁלַּח אֶת־הַיּוֹנָה מֵאִתּוֹ and he sent forth the dove from with him 26:27; הָלַךְ Gn 26:31, 1 K 18:12, 20:36, Je 9:1, of a wife deserting her husband Ju 19:2 וַתֵּלֶךְ מֵאִתּוֹ, Je 3:1 (cf. Is 57:8); with sim. words Gn 38:1, Dt 2:8, 1 K 11:23, Je 2:37 (v. Ex 5:20); Is 54:10, Ps 66:20; with שָׁאַל Ju 1:14, 1 K 2:16, Ps 27:4 +, דָּרַשׁ 1 K 22:7 al., שָׁמַע 1 S 2:23.—מֵאֵת פְּנֵי פּ׳ Gn 27:30, 43:34, Ex 10:11, Jb 2:7; Lv 10:4 (הַקֹּדֶשׁ), 2 K 16:14 (הַבַּיִת). Hence b. of rights or dues, handed over from, given on the part of, any one: Gn 47:22 חֹק מֵאֵת פַּרְעֹה; oft. in P, as Gn 23:20, Ex 27:21 a perpetual due מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל from, or on the part of, the children of Israel, Lv 7:34 b, 24:8, Nu 3:9, 7:84 +; Dt 18:3, 1 S 2:13 (LXX, etc.; v. 1 d) 2 S 15:3 וְשֹׁמֵעַ אֵין־לְךָ מֵאֵת הַמֶּלֶךְ but there is none to hear thee deputed of the king, 1 K 5:14. c. expressing origination: 1 K 1:27 אִם מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ נִהְיָה. Esp. מֵאֵת י׳—of a concrete object proceeding from him: Gn 19:24 (brimstone), Nu 11:31 (a wind), 16:35 (fire), 1 S 16:14 (evil spirit), Is 38:7 (a sign), Je 51:53 (wasters), Mi 5:6 (dew); of wrath Zc 7:12 (cf. Nu 17:11), teaching Is 51:4, the word of prophecy Je 7:1 (so 11:1, 18:1 + oft. in Je) 37:17, Ez 33:30; with ‘ have I (we) heard ’ Is 21:10, 28:22, Je 49:14 (= Ob:1); of an event, or phase of history Jos 11:20 הָֽיְתָה מֵאֵת י׳ it came of י׳ to…, 1 K 12:24, Hb 2:13, Ps 118:23 הָֽיְתָה זאֹת מֵאֵת י׳ (LXX παρὰ Κυρίου) Ezr 9:8, Ne 6:16; of trouble (רָעָה) 2 K 6:33, Mi 1:12 (יָרַד); of a good or evil lot, having its source in י׳ Je 13:25, Is 54:17, Ps 109:20, cf. Jb 2:10; Ps 22:26 מֵאִתְּךָ תְהִלָּתִי from thee cometh my praise (thou art the source of it); Is 44:24 Qr מֵאִתִּי of myself (cf. ἀπ̓ ἐμαυτοῦ John 5:30; Kt is מִי אִתִּי who was with me ?), 54:15 אֶפֶס מֵאוֹתִי not at my instance (cf. לֽא מִנִּי 30:1, לֽא מִמֶּנִּי Ho 8:4). d. of a place † 1 K 6:33 (corrupt: rd. with LXX SyrVer Vulgate [partly] מְזוּזֹת רְבֻעוֹת, & cf. Ez 41:21).

Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sts. denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to. Thus Saul asks, מִי הָלַךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ who has gone from (those) about us ? but Jacob, speaking of the loss of Joseph, says, Gn 44:28 וַיֵּחֵא הָאֶחָד מֵאִתִּי and the one is gone from with me. מֵאֵת is accordingly preferred to מֵעִם in the sense of origination or authorship; מאת is not usual in the sense of מֵעִם c, nor מֵעִם in the sense of מֵאֵת b..

87

אֶתְבַּ֫עַל n.pr.m. Ethbaal (with Baal, i.e. living under B.'s favour; ̓Ιθόβαλος, Εἰθώβαλος Jos:Ant. viii. 13, 1. 2, c. Ap. 1, 18; on later king of like name, in As. TubaÕ’lu, v. COT Gn 10:15) king of Sidon, father of Jezebel 1 K 16:31.

אִתַּי n.pr.m. (perh. from אֵת with = companionable)—

1. one of David's captains, a native of Gath 2 S 15:19, 15:21, 15:22, 15:22, 18:2, 18:5, 18:12.

2. one of David's 30 mighty men, a Benjamite 2 S 23:29 (in 1 Ch 11:31 אִתַי).

אִיתִיאֵל

1. Pr 30:1, 30:1 נְאֻם הַגֶּבֶר לְאִיתִיאֵל :לְאִיתִיאֵל וְאֻכָֽל, in MT. n.pr.m. (prob. with me is God: v. Ol:§ 82 c) usually taken as name of a son or pupil of Agur; but most moderns read :לָאִיתִי אֵל לָאִיתִי אֵל וָאֵֽכֶל I have wearied myself (v. לָאָה), O God, I have wearied myself, O God, and am consumed.

2. a Benjamite Ne 11:7.

III. אֵת v. אתת. p. 88

אַתָּה, אַתְּ, אַתְּי v. sub אנת. p. 61

אָתָה vb. come (in Heb. only poet.) (Ar. أَتَي, Sab. אתו DHM:ZMG 1875, 597; 1888, 343, Aram. אֲתָא, ܐܬܳܐ)—Qal Pf. א׳ Dt 33:2; אָתָא Is 21:12 v. Ges:§ 75 R. 22; 1 pl. אָתָנוּ Je 3:22; Impf. יֶאֱתֶה Jb 37:22, Pr 1:27; וַיֵּתֵא Dt 33:21 (= וַיֶּאֱתֶה cf. Di Kö:i. 577), וַיַּאת Is 41:25; sf. וַיֶּאֱתָיֵנִי Jb 3:25; 3 fs. תֵּאתֶה Mi 4:3; 3 mpl. יֶאֱתָ֫יוּ Jb 16:22 + 2 t.; וַיֶּאֱתָיוּ֑ן Is 41:5; Imv. mpl. אֵתָ֫יוּ Is 21:12 + 2 t.; Pt. fpl. אֹתִיּוֹת Is 41:23 + 2 t.;—come, of men Dt 33:21, Ps 68:32, Is 41:25, 56:12 Imv. = come now, with hostile purpose Jb 30:14, of men unto י׳ Je 3:22 (sq. לְ) cf. Is 21:12; of י׳ Dt 33:2; of ends of earth, etc., personif. Is 41:5; of time, morning Is 21:12, years Jb 16:22; of weather Jb 37:22; of beasts, to devour Is 56:9 (sq. inf.), of calamity Pr 1:27, Jb 3:25 come upon, c. sf., of dominion Mi 4:8 (sq. עַד). Pt. pl. fem. as subst. things to come, future things Is 41:23, 44:7, 45:11. Hiph. bring, Imv. הֵתָ֫יוּ מַיִם Is 21:14 bring water (on form, for הֶאֱתוּ cf. Di EW:§ 141 a Ges:§ 68, 2 R. 1); Je 12:9 bring beasts, to devour.

אִיתוֹן Qr, יאתון Kt, n.m. entrance, הָ֯יאִתוֹן Ez 40:15; Co rds. אתיון; cf. Sm Ol:§ 215 d.

אִתַּי, אִתַי, אִיתִיאֵל v. sub II. אֵת.

אֵתָם n.pr.loc. (perh. = Egypt. Chetem, cf. Ebers:GS 521 f. but LXX ̓Οθομ, ̓Οθωμ, cf. Lag:BN 54) Ex 13:20 in Egypt, place on edge of desert, so Nu 33:6, 33:7; אִדְבַּר אֵתָם Nu 33:8.

אַתֶּם v. sub אנת. p. 61

אֶתְמוֹל v. sub תמל. p. 1069

אתן (mng. ? Thes comps. Ar. أَتَنَ take short steps, but this appy. only by-form of أَتَلَ).

אָתוֹן n.f.:Gn 45:23 she-ass (Ar. أَتَانُ, Aram. אַתָּנָא, ܐܳܬܳܢܳܐ, As. atânu)—אָתוֹן Nu 22:23 + 10 t.; אֲתֹנְךָ Nu 22:30, 22:32; אֲתֹנוֹ Gn 49:11 + 2 t.; pl. abs. אֲתֹנֹת Gn 12:16 + 2 t.; אֲתֹנוֹת Ju 5:10 + 12 t.; אֲתוֹנוֹת Jb 1:3, 42:12; —she-ass, as dam Gn 49:11, Zc 9:9; as property (constituting wealth) Gn 12:16, 32:16, Jb 1:3, 1:14, 42:12 cf. 1 Ch 27:30; so of the asses of Kish 8 t. 1 S 9:3, 9:3, 9:5, 9:20, 10:2, 10:2, 10:14, 10:16; as beasts of burden Gn 45:23; for riding Ju 5:10, Nu 22:21, 22:22, 2 K 4:22, 4:24; of Balaam's ass 14 t. Nu 22:21, 22:22, 22:23, 22:23, 22:23, 22:25, 22:27, 22:27, 22:28, 22:29, 22:30, 22:30, 22:32, 22:33.

אַתֵּן, אַתֵּנָה v. sub אנת. p. 61

אֶתְנָה v. תנה. p. 1071

אֶתְנִי n.pr.m. an ancestor of Asaph 1 Ch 6:26 apparently identical with יְאָֽתְרַי v:6.

אֶתְנַן v. II. תנן. p. 1072

† [אתוק] n.m. gallery, porch (deriv. uncertain) Ez 41:15 Kt ואתוקיהא, Qr וְאַתִּיקֶיהָא Co (q.v.) וקירותיהָ.

אַתִּיק n.m. id. Ez 42:3, 42:3; pl. אַתִּיקִים Ez 42:5; 41:15 Qr, v. אתוק Kt; v:16 הָאַתִּיקִים (Co del.)

אֲתָרִים n.pr.loc. only Nu 21:1 דֶּרֶח הָא׳; so LXX, perh. (Di) name of a caravan-route, cf. أَشَرَ vestige, footprint; others (after Targum SyrVer) transl. way of the spies (cf. 13:22); but הָאֲתָרִים for הַתָּרִים is highly improbable, and a locality would hardly receive its designation from the spies.

88

אתת (? √ of following, meaning dubious. Lag:M ii. 254 proposes √ אנה, whence he derives also Ar. مَأنُ a tool used in tillage).

† III. [אֵת] n.[m.] a cutting instrument of iron usually transl. ploughshare—sg. sf. אֵתוֹ 1 S 13:20; pl. אֵתִים 1 S 13:21, אִתִּים Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3; sf. אִתֵּיכֶם Jo 4:10; acc. to Klo al. also 2 K 6:5 אֶת־הַבַּרְזֶל, i.e. the axe of iron.