ז

ז Zâyin, seventh letter; used as numeral 7 in modern Heb.; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

זאב (√ of foll.; according to Fl ^{Bericht d. sächs. G. d. W. i. (1846–47) 430 f. = Kleinere Schriften iii. 212 f.} i.q. Arabic ذَأَبَ drive away, and despise, drive or frighten away, whence ذِئْبٌ, ܕܺܐܒܳܐ, זְאֵב wolf, as driven or chased away; cf. Hom^{NS 304} MV al.)

† I. זְאֵב n.m. ^{Is 11:6} wolf (NH id., Arabic ذِئْبٌ (jackal according to Hom^{NS 303 ff.}; but see RS^{ZMG 1880, 373} and Doughty^{Arabic Deserta i. 327; ii, 144, 145}) Aramaic דֵּיבָה, ܕܺܐܒܳܐ, Assyrian zîbu Dl^{S 47}; Ethiopic ዝእብ hyena Di¹⁰⁵⁶ (on format. cf. Lag^{BN 58}); Ph. in cpd.n.pr. זיבקם)—זְאֵב abs. Gn 49:27 + 2 times; cstr. Je 5:6; pl. זְאֵבִים Ez 22:27; cstr. זְאֵבֵי Hb 1:8 Zp 3:3;—wolf, never in narrative; in predictions of peace in Messian. age וְגָר זְאֵב עִם כֶּבֶשׂ Is 11:6 זְאֵב וְטָלֶה יִרְעוּ כְּאֶחָד Is 65:25; in simile, of Benjamin’s fierceness ב׳ זְאֵב יִטְרָ֑ף Gn 49:27; of fierce horses of Chaldeans חַדּוּ מִזְּאֵבֵי עֶרֶב Hb 1:8 (‖ קַלּוּ מִנְּמֵרִים); of princes of Judah כִּזְאֵבִים טֹרְפֵי טָ֑רֶף Ez 22:27; metaph. of enemies of Judah Je 5:6 זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת (‖ אַרְיֵה, נָמֵר); of corrupt and oppressive judges שֹׁפְטֶיהָ זְאֵבֵי עֶרֶב Zp 3:3 (‖ אֲרָיוֹת שֹׁאֲגִים).

† II. זְאֵב n.pr.m. (wolf)—a prince of Midian, Ju 7:25^(×3); 8:3 ψ 83:12; also in n.pr.loc. יֶקֶב־זְאֵב Ju 7:25 wine-vat of Zeeb.

זֹאת pron.f. v. זֶה.

זבב (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ذَبَّ go hither and thither (of a man); ذَبْذَبَ make to dangle, or move to and fro, of a thing suspended in the air; but in this sense perhaps denom.)

† זְבוּב n.m. ^{Ec 10:1} fly (as moving to and fro in the air? cf. Fl NHWB ^{i. 438 b}; NH id., Assyrian zumbu, Dl^{S 63 f.}; Arabic دُبَابٌ, Aramaic דִּיבָבָא, ܕܶܒܳܐ, ܕܶܒܳܒܳܐ );—lit. only זְבוּבֵי מָוֶת Ec 10:1 i.e. dead flies; so AV RV Hi Now al.; > 𝔊 De al. death-bringing, deadly flies; זְבוּב metaph. of Egyptian army Is 7:18 (‖ דְּבוֹרָה, bee, of Assyrian); on בַּעַל זְבוּב v. בַּעַל II.4, p. 127 supr.

† זַבַּי n.pr.m. (Palm. זבי Vog^{No. 28} (but this perhaps = loricatus, cf. ܙܰܒܳܐ lorica);* on Palm. זבי (prob. abbrev. from זבד …), v. Lzb ²⁶⁵ Cooke ^{273, 291}. connex. with above √ uncertain)—Jew in Ezra’s time Ezr 10:28; 𝔊 Ζαβου(θ); cf. also Ne 3:20 Kt (𝔊 Ζαβου etc., but Qr זַכַּי v. זַכָּ֑י Ezr 2:9 = Ne 7:14).

† [זָבַד] vb. bestow upon, endow with (Arabic زَبَدَ; Aramaic זְבַד, ܙܒܰܕ †Gn 30:20, ܙܶܒܕܳܐ dowry; in Sab. n.pr., v. sub זָבָד infr.; also in Palm. n.pr. נבוזבד Vog ⁷³ and many others (זבד, זבדא, זבידא, זבדעתא, זברבל = Ζαβδιβηλος, etc.): see Euting^{Sechs Inschr. aus Idalien p. 15}), זְבָדַנִי אלהים אֹתִי זֶבֶר טוֹב Gn 30:20a (E), appar. in expl. of name Zebulun, cf. Thes Di; another expl. in v b, v. sub זבל.

† זֶ֫בֶד (זֵ K³) n.m. endowment, gift, Gn 30:20a of. foregoing.

† זָבָד n.pr.m. (he hath given, or a gift; cf. Sab. n.pr. זבדם Hal ¹⁶⁸ DHM^{ZMG 1883, 15}, זביד DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 50} = زُبَيْد; also NH n.pr. זביד)—

1. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 2:36, 37.

2. an Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:21.

3. one of David’s valiant men 1 Ch 11:41.

4. one of the murderers of Joash of Judah 2 Ch 24:26 (𝔊 Ζαβελ, Ζαβεθ, Ζαβαθ), called יוֹזָכָר (q.v. sub הוה, יהוה) 2 K 12:22.

5. name of three returned exiles who had taken strange wives: a. Ezr 10:27; b. v 33; c. v 43.

† זָבוּד n.pr.m. (bestowed) an officer of Solomon 1 K 4:5.

† זבוד n.pr.m. a returned exile Ezr 8:14 Kt; Qr זַכּוּר, q.v. (B om.; A Ζαβουδ, i.e. זָבוּד; 𝔊L Ζακχουρ).

† זבידה Kt, זְבוּדָּה Qr, n.pr.f. mother of Jehoiakim 2 K 23:36 זְביּדָּ֯ה בַת־פְּדָיָה מִן־רוּמָה; (‖ 2 Ch 36:5 om. MT); quite otherwise 𝔊B Ἰελλα, daughter of Ἐδειλ; in A the names are Εἰελδαφ & Εἰεδδιλα; 𝔊 2 Ch 36:5 Ζε(κ)χωρα & Νηρειου; 𝔊L (K & Ch) Ἀμιταλ & Ἰερεμιου (confusion with Zedekiah’s mother 24:18).

† זַבְדִּי n.pr.m. (cf. Arabic زَبْدٌ gift;? gift of י׳, vid. Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 5 & reff.}; perhaps my gift, gift to me: cf. זַבְדִּיאֵל; in NH n.pr. זבדי (זַבְדִּי or זַבְדַּי?) NT Ζεβεδαῖος, e.g. Mk 1:9, 𝔖 ܙܰܒܕܰܝ, Zebedee)—

1. grandfather of Achan, of Judah (𝔊 Ζαμβρ(ε)ι etc., 𝔊L Ζαβδ(ε)ι) Jos 7:1 (app. = זִמְרִי 1 Ch 2:6, 𝔊 Ζαμβρ(ε)ι) v 17, 18.

2. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:19.

3. an officer of David 1 Ch 27:27.

4. a Levite Ne 11:17 (om. B; A Ζεχρι, 𝔊L Ζεχρει) prob. read זִכְרִי, as ‖ 1 Ch 9:15.

† זַבְדִּיאֵל n.pr.m. (my gift is God)—

1. father of one of David’s officers 1 Ch 27:2.

2. a prominent Hebrew in Nehemiah’s time Ne 11:14.

זְבַדְיָהוּ, זְבַדְיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath bestowed, cf. יְהוֹזָבָד, & reff., also זַבְדִּיאֵל supr.)—זְבַדְיָהוּ

1. Levites, a. 1 Ch 26:2; b. 2 Ch 17:8.

2. an officer of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 19:11. זְבַדְיָה

3. Benjamites, a. 1 Ch 8:15; b. 1 Ch 8:17.

4. one of David’s men 1 Ch 12:8.

5. an officer of David 1 Ch 27:7.

6. a returning exile Ezr 8:8.

7. one of priestly house Ezr 10:20.

זָבַח₁₃₄ vb. slaughter for sacrifice (NH id., Ph. זבח; Assyrian zibû Dl^{Pr 174} cf. Lotz^{TP 174}; Arabic ذَبَحَ, Sab. דֿבח CIS ^{iv. 1, 2, No.; 74 l. 11, 12}; Aramaic דְּבַח, ܕܒܰܚ, Ethiopic ዘብሐ )

Qal₁₁₂ Pf. ז׳ 1 K 8:63; 13:2, זָבַחְתָּ Ex 20:24 + 3 times, זָבַחְתִּי Ez 39:19, זָֽבְחוּ Ex 34:15 Lv 17:5, זְבַחְתֶּם Ex 8:24, זָבַחְנוּ Ex 8:23; Impf. וַיִזְבַּח Gn 31:54 + 14 times; 2 ms. sf. תִּוְבָּחֶנּוּ Dt 15:21, 2 fs. sf. וַתִּזְבָּחִים Ez 16:20, 1 s. אֶזְבַּח ψ 116:17, אֶזְבְּחָה ψ 27:6; 54:8 Jon 2:10; 2 mpl. תִּזְבְּחוּ Lv 19:5 + 2 times, תִּזְבָּ֑חוּ Lv 22:29 + 2 times; 1 pl. נִוְבְּחָה Ex 3:18 +, etc. (61 times Impf.); Imv. זְבַח ψ 50:14, זִבְחוּ Ex 8:21 ψ 4:6; Inf. cstr. זְבֹחַ 1 S 15:15 + 14 times, לִזְבּוֹחַ 2 Ch 11:16, בְּזָבְחוֹ 2 S 15:12; Pt. act. זֹבֵחַ Ex 13:15 + 8 times, זוֹבֵחַ Is 66:3, pl. זֹבְחִים Lv 17:5 + (20 times Pt.)— I. slaughter for sacrifice 1. c. acc. of a. kind of sacrifice ז׳ זֶבַח Gn 31:54 +, †פֶּסַח Dt 16:2, 5, 6, †שְׁלָמְים Dt 27:7 Jos 8:31, †תּוֹדָה ψ 50:14, 23, †עֹלוֹת ושׁלמים Ex 20:24 (E); cf. 23:18. b. victims, (α) animals †בָּקָר וָצֹאן 1 K 8:63 Nu 22:40, †צאן ובקר 2 Ch 18:2, †הַבְּרִיאָה Ez 34:3, †כָּל־פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם Ex 13:15 (J); †פָּרִים וְאֵילִים 1 Ch 15:26, שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה Dt 17:1; (β) mankind †בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת ψ 106:37 Ez 16:20, †זֹבְחֵי אָדָם sacrificers of mankind Ho 13:2 (so Ra AE Hi Wü MV men that sacrifice AV RV after Ki, so Pu Ew Ke Now Che SS). c. †תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם Ex 8:22^(×2) (E), †מָשְׁחָת Mal 1:14. 2. absolute 1 S 1:3 + often 3. c. לְ of deity, †לְדָגוֹן Ju 16:23, †לַשְּׂעִירִם Lv 17:7 (H), †לַשֵּׁדִים Dt 32:17 ψ 106:37; other gods Ex 34:15 (JE) +; but usually ליהוה Ex 3:18 + 9 times JE, Lv 17:5; 19:5; 22:5 (all H, not elsewhere in P), Dt 15:21; 16:2; 17:1; 1 S 1:3 +; †לֵאלֹהֵי אָבִיו Gn 46:1 (E), לאלהים ψ 50:14, †לאדני Mal 1:14. 4. with local prep. בְּ Gn 31:54 (E) +, עַל Ex 20:24 (E) +; לפני Lv 9:4 (P) +, על פני השׂדה Lv 17:5 (H). II. slaughter for eating (connected also with sacrifice, as all eating of flesh among ancient Hebrews was sacrificial, RS^{Sem 219}) 1 S 28:24 (fat calf for Saul), Ez 34:3 (fat sheep for shepherds), 2 Ch 18:2 (sheep and oxen for Jehoshaphat, c. לְ of person); cf. Dt 12:15; v 21 (abs.), 1 K 19:21. III. slaughter in divine judgment Ez 39:17–19 c. acc. זִבְחִי (Gog and Magog as feast for vultures), 1 K 13:2 2 K 23:20 (priests of high-places on their own altars).

†Pi.₂₂ Pf. זִבַּח 2 Ch 33:22, זִבְּחוּ ψ 106:38, זִבֵּ֑חוּ Ho 12:12; Impf. יְזַבֵּחַ Hb 1:16, יְזַבֵּ֑חוּ Ho 4:13, 14; 11:2 (7 times Impf.) Inf. cstr. לְזַבֵּחַ 1 K 12:32; Pt. מְזַבֵּחַ 1 K 3:3, pl. מְזַבְּחִים 2 Ch 5:6 + 8 times, מְזַבְּחוֹת 1 K 11:8;—sacrifice, 1. of the abundant sacrifices made to Yahweh by Solomon 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6, and Hezekiah 2 Ch 30:22, and prob. intensive; but 2. elsewhere of sacrifice to other deities, possibly iterative in some cases, but certainly not in all: לַבְּעָלִים Ho 11:2, לֵאלֹהֵיהֶן 1 K 11:8, לַעֲגָלִים 12:32, לְחֶרְמוֹ Hb 1:16, לַעֲצַבֵּי כְנָ֑עַן ψ 106:38, לֵאלֹהֵי דַּרְמֶשֶׂק 2 Ch 28:23, לְכָל־הַפְּסִילִים 33:22; or in unlawful places עַל־רָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים Ho 4:13 cf. v 14, בַּגִּלְגָּל 12:12, בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 3:2, 3; 22:44 2 K 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35, 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4. It is used without direct obj. Ho 4:14 and often; also c. acc. of victim שְׁוָרִים Ho 12:12 צֹאן וּבָקָר 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6; sons and daughters ψ 106:38, זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים 2 Ch 30:22.

I. זֶ֫בַח₁₆₂ n.m. ^{Ju 16:23} sacrifice, ז׳ abs. Gn 31:54 +; cstr. Ex 34:25 +; זָ֑בַח Lv 17:8 + 16 times; sf. זִבְחוֹ Lv 7:16 Ez 34:15, זִבְחֲכֶם Lv 19:6; pl. זְבָחִים Gn 46:1 +; cstr. זִבְחֵי Lv 17:5 +; sf. 3 mpl. זִבְחֵיהֶם Lv 17:5, זְבָחֵימוֹ Dt 32:38, זִבְחוֹתָם †Ho 4:19 etc.;—the common and most ancient sacrifice, whose essential rite was eating the flesh of the victim at a feast in which the god of the clan shared by receiving the blood and fat pieces. In the older literature it is distinguished from מִנְחָה and עֹלָה, in the later literature from חַטָּאת and אָשָׁם.

†I. general name for all sacrifices eaten at feasts:* Ph. זבח of an offering of bread and oil CIS ^{i. 165. 12; 167. 8}, cf. RS^{Sem 205 (2nd ed. 222)}— 1. of the God of Israel Gn 46:1 Ex 10:25; 18:12 (E) Ho 3:4; 6:6; 9:4 Am 5:25 Is 1:11; 19:21 Dt 12:27; 18:3 1 S 2:13, 29; 3:14; 6:15; 9:12, 13; 15:22^(×2); 16:3, 5^(×2) 2 S 15:12 1 K 8:62; 12:27 2 K 5:17; 16:15 ψ 40:7; 50:8; 51:18, 19 Pr 15:8; 21:3, 27 Is 43:23, 24; 56:7 Je 6:20; 7:21, 22; 17:26; 33:18 Ez 40:42; 44:11 1 Ch 29:21, 21 2 Ch 7:1, 4, 5, 12 Ne 12:43 Dn 9:27 Ec 4:17. They should be זִבְחֵי צֶדֶק sacrifices of righteousness (offered in righteousness by the righteous) Dt 33:19 ψ 4:6; 51:21; זִבְחֵי הַבְהָבַי sacrifices of gifts to me (י׳) Ho 8:13; the temple is בֵּית זָ֑בַח 2 Ch 7:12; they should not be ז׳ רִיב sacrifices of strife, where strife prevails Pr 17:1. 2. of other deities Ex 34:15 Nu 25:2 Dt 32:38 (JE) Ju 16:23 2 K 10:19, 24 Ho 4:19 Is 57:7 Ez 20:28; these are זִבְחֵי מֵתִים sacrifices to dead things (lifeless gods, opp. to י׳ as living) ψ 106:28.

II. there are several kinds of זְבָחִים which are gradually distinguished: †1. the covenant sacrifice, between Jacob and Laban Gn 31:54 (E), with God ψ 50:5 (cf. Ex 24:5 1 S 11:5). †2. the passover זֶבַח חַג הַפֶּסַח Ex 34:25 (JE), זבח פסח Ex 12:27 (J); and prob. also זבחי Ex 23:18 (JE) = 34:25 (id.) †3. annual sacrifice זֶבַח הַיָּמִים 1 S 1:21; 2:19; 20:6, cf. ז׳ מִשְׁפָּחָה sacrifice of the clan 1 S 20:29. †4. thank offering ז׳ (הַ)תּוֹדָה Lv 7:12; 22:29 ψ 107:22; 116:17, which is given as ז׳ קָרְבָּנוֹ, זִבְחוֹ, הַזָּבַח Lv 7:16, 17; and as a variety of שְׁלָמִים Lv 7:13, 15; it is implied in זִבְחֵי תְרוּעָה ψ 27:6; yet זֶבַח is generic with תּוֹדָה 2 Ch 29:31^(×2). 5. in ritual of H & P זבחים are defined by שׁלמים (q.v.) Lv 3:1 + 39 times Lv Nu, 1 S 10:8 1 K 8:63 2 Ch 30:22; 33:16 Pr 7:14, but sometimes (rarely) ז׳ alone is used in this sense, with or without suffix, where the meaning is plain from the context: Lv 17:5, 7, 8; 19:6; 23:37 (H) Nu 15:3, 5, 8 Jos 22:26, 29 (all P). These ritual offerings are of three varieties תּוֹדָה, נֶדֶר and נְדָבָה Lv 7:12, 16 (P); in the several lists זבחים are distinguished from תודות Am 4:4f. 2 Ch 29:31, from נדרים Nu 15:8 (P) Dt 12:6, 11 Jon 1:16, from נדבות Am 4:4 f. Dt 12:6 and from the more comprehensive שׁלמים Nu 15:8 Jos 22:27 (P). So also the sacrifice at the institution of the covenant at Horeb Ex 24:5 (JE) and the sacrifice at the installation of Saul 1 S 11:15 are defined as †זבחים שׁלמים. Thus ז׳ seems not only to be used for all these special forms but also to include other festal sacrifices not defined in the codes of law. The ritual was the same for the entire class. They were all sacrifices for feasts in which the flesh of the victim was eaten by the offerers, except so far as the officiating priests had certain choice pieces and the blood and fat pieces went to the altar for God. The sacrifice at the institution of the covenant at Horeb, the Passover victim, and the ram of consecration, were special, in that there was an application of a portion of the blood to the persons and things which were to be consecrated, Ex 12:22; 24:8 Lv 8:23. †6. the slaughter of hostile nations is also a זֶבַח offered by God Himself, in which the vultures devour the flesh of the victims Is 34:6 Je 46:10 Ez 39:17^(×2), 19 Zp 1:7, 8. 7. the verb used with זֶבַח is ordinarily זָבַח but others also are found e.g. †עָשָׂה Nu 6:17; 15:3, 5, 8 Jos 22:23 (P) 1 K 12:27; 2 K 5:17; 10:24 Je 33:18 (cf. Sab. עסי דֿבח Hal ¹⁴⁸ DHM^{ZMG 1888, 374}); †הֵבִיא Am 4:4 Dt 12:6, 11 Je 17:26, †הִגִּישׁ Am 5:25, †הִקְרִיב Lv 7:11, 16; 22:21 (all P), †עָבַד Is 19:21, †נָתַן Ec 4:17, יַעֲלָה עֹלָה אוֹ זֶבַח Lv 17:8 (H), בִּשֵּׁל ז׳ Ez 46:24, שָׁחַט אֶת־הָעוֹלָה וְהַזָּ֑בַח Ez 40:42 cf. 44:11.

† II. זֶ֫בַח n.pr.m. a Midianite king Ju 8:5, 6, 7, 10, 12^(×2), 15^(×2), 18, 21^(×2) ψ 83:12, 𝔊 Ζεβεε.

מִזְבֵּחַ₄₀₁ מִזְבֵּחַ₄₀₁ n.m. Jos 22:10 altar (Arabic مَذْبَحٌ, place of slaughter, trench made by torrent, Sab. מדֿבח DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 24}); מ׳ abs. 2 K 18:22 + 223 times, הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה Ex 29:13 + 31 times; cstr. מִזְבַּח Ex 20:24 + 76 times, sf. מִזְבְּחִי Ex 20:26 + 7 times, מִזְבַּחֲךָ 1 K 8:31 + 3 times, מִזְבְּחֶ֑ךָ Dt 33:10; מִזְבְּחוֹ Ju 6:31 + 2 times; pl. מִזְבְּחֹת Nu 23:1 + 5 times, מִזְבְּחוֹת 2 K 21:3 + 23 times, sf. מִזְבְּחוֹתֶיךָ ψ 84:4, other sfs. 21 times;—

1. JE narrate that altars were built by Noah after leaving the ark Gn 8:20; by Abraham at Shechem 12:7, Bethel 12:8, Hebron 13:18, mt. in land Moriah 22:9; by Isaac at Beersheba 26:25; by Jacob at Shechem 33:20 (yet this perhaps mistake for מַצֵּבָה, being obj. of וַיַּצֶּב־שָׁם, not elsewhere with מזבח, cf. also Di), at Bethel 35:7, by Moses at Rephidim Ex 17:15, Horeb 24:4, by Balak at Bamoth Baal, Pisgah, $ Peor Nu 23:1, 14, 29; by Joshua on Mt. Ebal Jos 8:30: the prophetic histories narrate that altars were built by Gideon at Ophra Ju 6:24; by a man of God at Bethel Ju 21:4; by Samuel at Ramah 1 S 7:17; by Saul after Michmash 1 S 14:35; by David on the threshing floor of Ornan 2 S 24:25 = 1 Ch 21:18, 1 Ch 22:1; that Solomon sacrificed on the altar at Gibeon 1 K 3:4 and built altars in the temple at Jerusalem 1 K 6:20; 8:64; that Jeroboam built an altar at Bethel 1 K 12:32 (which was destroyed by Josiah 2 K 23:15); and that Elijah repaired an ancient altar on Carmel 1 K 18:30. An altar in Egypt is predicted Is 19:19. All this accords with the law of the Covenant code Ex 20:24–26 which recognises a plurality of altars and prescribes that they shall be built of אֲדָמָה, or of unhewn stones, and without steps. So אֲבָנִים Dt 27:5 (JE), אֲבָנִים שְׁלֵמוֹת Dt 25:6 Jos 8:31, and twelve stones 1 K 18:31; cf. Is 27:9. The altar was also a place of refuge Ex 21:14 (JE) 1 K 1:50, 51; 2:28.

2. D prescribes one central altar Dt 12:5 f., 27; but no attempt to enforce this principle appears before Hezekiah (2 K 18:4, 22), and Josiah, whose reform is more effectual, 2 K 23:8–20.

3. P limits sacrifices to the altars of the tabernacle. A great altar was built E. of the Jordan, but it was according to P only as an עֵד after the pattern of the altar before the Tabernacle Jos 22:10–34. P describes two altars: a. the מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Ex 30:28; 31:9; 35:16; 38:1; 40:6, 10, 29 Lv 4:7, 10, 25^(×2), 30, 34 = מ׳ הַנְּחשֶׁת Ex 38:30; 39:39, made of acacia wood plated with brass, 5 × 5 × 3 cubits in size, with four horns and a network of brass, on which all sacrifices by fire were made Ex 27:1–8; 38:1–7; b. מ׳ מִקְטַר קְטֹרֶת made of acacia wood plated with gold, 1 × 1 × 2 cubits in size, with four horns and a crown of gold Ex 30:1–6 = מ׳ הקטרת Ex 30:27; 31:8; 35:15; 37:25 = מ׳ הזהב Ex 39:38; 40:5, 26 Nu 4:11 = מ׳ קטרת הַסַּמִּים Lv 4:7; these altars are named elsewhere only in Chr. 1 Ch 6:34; 16:40; 21:29; 2 Ch 1:5, 6.

4. Solomon made two altars for the temple at Jerusalem: a. מ׳ הַנְּחשֶׁת for the court 1 K 8:64 (which was laid aside by Ahaz 2 K 16:14, 15, who made an altar after the model of one he saw in Damascus 2 K 16:11); in v 14 הַמִּזְבַּח הַנּ׳ (cstr. form c. art.) is erron., read prob. מִזְבַּח cf. Ges^{§ 127. 4 a ad fin.}; this altar, according to Chr, measured 20 × 20 × 10 cubits 2 Ch 4:1; this מזבח (ה)נחשׁת also 7:7 $ Ez 9:2; = מ׳ העולה 2 Ch 29:18, repaired by Asa 2 Ch 15:8; b. an altar of cedar, plated with gold, in the temple before the דְּבִיר 1 K 6:20, 22; 7:48; = מ׳ הזהב 2 Ch 4:19; = מ׳ הַקְּטֹרֶת 1 Ch 28:18; 2 Ch 26:16.

5. Ezekiel plans two altars for the new temple: a. a table of wood 3 × 2 cubits Ez 41:22; b. an altar for the court, prob. same dimensions as 4 a, with stairs Ez 43:13–17.

6. after the return Jeshua built an altar on the ancient site in the court of the temple Ezr 3:2.

7. besides these altars used in the worship of Yahweh, Ahab built an altar to Baal in Samaria 1 K 16:32; Ahaz made an altar on the roof of the upper chamber, and other kings of Judah made altars in the two courts, all of which were destroyed by Josiah 2 K 23:12.

8. the ancient and most common term for making altars was בָּנָה Gn 35:7 (E) 8:20 (J) Dt 27:5, 6 Ex 32:5 (JE) +, implying building material; other vbs. are הֵקִים 2 S 24:18 1 K 16:32 2 K 21:3 1 Ch 21:18 2 Ch 33:3; הֵכִין Ezr 3:3 (sq. עַל־מְכוֹנֹתָו֯); שִׂים Je 11:13; וַיַּצֶּב־ Gn 33:20 (but cf. 1); Nu 23:4 (E) has עָרַךְ arrange, prepare; עָשָׂה Gn 35:1, 3 Ex 20:24 (E) Gn 13:4 (J) Jos 22:28 1 K 12:33; 18:26; this becomes usual in P, Ex 27:1; 30:1; 37:25; 38:1, 30, so 2 Ch 4:1, 19; 7:7; 28:24.

9. the dedication of the altar was חֲנֻכַּת המזבח Nu 7:10, 11, 84, 88 2 Ch 7:9; it was anointed with oil מָשַׁח Ex 40:10 Lv 8:11 Nu 7:10 (all P).

10. removal of unlawful altars is expr. by נָתַץ Ex 34:13 (JE) Dt 7:5 Ju 2:2; 6:30, 31, 32 2 K 11:18; 23:12, 15; נִתַּץ (Pi) Dt 12:3 2 Ch 31:1; 34:4, 7; נֻתַּץ Ju 6:28; הָרַס Ju 6:25 1 K 19:10, 14; שִׁבַּר 2 Ch 23:17; הֵסִיר 2 K 18:22 = Is 36:7, 2 Ch 14:2; 30:14; 32:12; 33:15.

11. ministry at the altar was מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַמּ׳ Nu 18:5 Ez 40:46, cf. Nu 3:31 (P), מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מ׳ Jo 1:13; עָמַד עַל is said of officiating priest 1 K 13:1, עָלָה עַל Ex 20:26 1 S 2:28 1 K 12:33 + (cf. יָרַד Lv 9:22); sacrifices were usually offered עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Gn 22:9 Dt 12:27 +; v. especially the phrases with זָרַק Ex 29:16, 20 + (v. זרק); הִקְטִיר Lv 4:10 (v. קטר Hiph.); הֶעֱלָה Lv 6:3 + (v. עלה Hiph.) לְבַעֵר Ne 10:35; but בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ Gn 8:20 (J) Nu 23:2, 4, 14, 30 (E); one touching the altar is הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּמּ׳ Ex 29:37 (P); לפני המ׳ of placing, or standing before altar Dt 26:4 1 K 8:22; as acc.loc. הַמִּזְבֵּ֫חָה in phrases especially c. הִקְטִיר Ex 29:13 +, and הֶעֱלָה Lv 14:20.

12. the horns of the altar were especially for the application of the blood of the sin-offering in the ritual; sin is represented as graven לְקַרְנוֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶם Je 17:1; therefore of blood for cleansing it was said †נָתַן על קרנות המ׳ Ex 29:12 Lv 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34; 8:15; 9:9; 16:18 (all P). An ancient custom is referred to, ψ 118:27 אִסְרוּ־חַג בַּעֲבֹתִ֑ים עַד־קרנות המזבח bind the festal victim with cords, unto the horns of the altar: Ainsworth paraphrases: ‘that is, all the court over, untill you come even to the hornes of the altar, intending hereby many sacrifices,’ so De; but Che ‘bind the procession with branches, (step on) to the altar-horns,’ that is in sacred procession round the altar.

13. the יְסוֹד (q.v.) is also referred to in the ritual of the sin-offerings in the phrases יָצַק אל יסוד Lv 8:15; 9:9 $ שָׂפַךְ אל יסוד Ex 29:12 Lv 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34 (all P) יִמָּצֵה אל יסוד Lv 5:9.

14. the altar was קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים Ex 29:37; 40:10 (P); but repeated sin-offerings were necessary to keep it pure and cleanse it from the pollution of the people in whose midst it was situated. This is expressed by חִטֵּא Lv 8:15 (P) Ez 43:22; כִּפֶּר Lv 16:20, 33 (P) Ez 43:26; קִדַּשׂ Ex 29:44; 40:10 Lv 8:15 Nu 7:1 (P); טִהַר 2 Ch 29:18.

זַבַּי v. sub זבב.

† זְבִינָא n.pr.m. (bought; Aramaic, from √ זְבַן, buy, cf. Biblical Aramaic Dn 2:8)—name of one who had taken a strange wife Ezr 10:43.

† [זָבַל] vb. prob. exalt, honour (Assyrian zabâlu COT^Gloss. and id. on Gn 30:20 1 K 8:13, cf. Dl^{Pr 62 f.} so De; Ph. n.pr.f. בעלאזבל (prob. = Baal has exalted) cf. אִיזֶבֶל p. 33 supr.; cf. Arabic زَبَلَ take up and carry; > Nö^{ZMG 1886, 729}, who connects these vbs. with Syriac ܣܒܰܠ bear, carry, cf. Heb. סָבַל)—

Qal Impf. יִזְבְּלֵנִי אִישִׁי Gn 30:20b (J), my husband will honour me (in expl. of name Zebulun (v. infr.); on another appar. expl. in v a cf. זבד); > AV al. dwell with me, cf. Thes RobGes who derive dwell with from an assumed meaning be round (cf. דור); and others (cf. MV⁸, ⁹), who derive dwell as denom. from זְבֻל in sense dwelling.

† I. זְבֻל n.[m.] elevation, height, lofty abode (NH זְבוּל temple);—בָּנוֹ בָּנִיתִי בֵּית זְבֻל לָ֑ךְ 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2 (poet.; prob. from book of Jashar, cf. 𝔊 We^Comp. ²⁷¹ Dr^{Intr. 182}; on בֵּית־זְבֻל = Assyrian bît zabal, lofty house cf. COT 1 K 8:13 Dl^{Pr 62 f.}); לְבַלּוֹת שְׁאוֹל מִזְּבֻל לוֹ ψ 49:15 text dub.; Ew Hi Ri Now read מַזְבּוּל (or מִזְבּוֹל, Ew) as n. = dwelling; Che prop. for מִזְּבֻל, [לְעוֹלָ]ם ז׳ Che^{crit. n.}; זְבֻל קָדְשְׁךָ Is 63:15 (‖ שָׁמַיִם) the high abode of thy holiness (cf. Che^{crit. n.}); of the lofty abode of sun and moon: שֶׁמֶשׁ יָרֵחַ עָמַד זְבֻ֑לָה Hb 3:11.

† II. זְבֻל n.pr.m. an officer of Abimelech Ju 9:28, 30, 36^(×2), 38, 41.

† זְבוּלֻן, זְבֻלוּן n.pr.m. Zebulun (on expl. of name given in E and J cf. זבד, זבל);—זְבוּלֻן Gn 49:13 + 25 times; זְבֻלוּן Ju 5:18 + 17 times; זְבוּלוּן Ju 1:30;—

1. sixth son of Jacob and Leah Gn 30:20; 35:23; 46:14; 49:13 Ex 1:3 1 Ch 2:1.

2. the tribe of Zebulun Nu 1:9 Dt 27:13; 33:18^(×2) Ju 1:30; 4:10; 5:14, 18 Ez 48:26 1 Ch 12:34, 41; 27:19 2 Ch 30:11, 18; cf. שָׂרֵי ז׳ ψ 68:28; שַׁעַר ז׳ Ez 48:33; בְּנֵי ז׳ Nu 1:30; 2:7; 7:24; 26:26 Jos 19:10, 16 Ju 4:6; מַטֵּה ז׳ Nu 1:31; 2:7; 13:10; מַטֵּה בְּנֵי ז׳ Nu 10:16; 34:25.

3. territory of the tribe אֶרֶץ ז׳ Ju 12:12, אַרְצָה ז׳ Is 8:23, גְּבוּל ז׳ Ez 48:27; also ז׳ alone Jos 19:27, 34 2 Ch 30:10, מַטֵּה ז׳ Jos 21:7, 34 1 Ch 6:48, 62.

† זְבוּלֹנִי adj.gent. Ju 12:11, 12; c. art. = n. coll. the Zebulonites Nu 26:27.

זוג, זיג (appar. √ of foll.; 𝔗 NH זוג, זִיג is be clear, bright, transparent (ChWB Jastr^{391 a}); others (so Thes) derive foll. from √ זגג with same meaning, v. infr. & Fl NHWB^{i. 560 b}).

† זָג n.[m.] name of some comparatively insignif. product of vine (גֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן), the eating of which was included in prohibition to Nazirite; skin of grape, so Thes (after Onk Mishna Maaser. 5 ^{§ 4}, Orla 1 ^{§ 8}, cf. Sifre ad loc.): מֵחַרְצַנִּים וְעַד־זָ֖ג לֹא יֹאכֵ֑ל Nu 6:4 (NH זג, זוג; so called as transparent? cf. Aramaic זְגוּגִיתָא, ܙܰܓܽܘܓܺܝܬܳܐ glass, NH זַגָּג glazier (Arabic زُجَاجٌ glass, is a loan-wd. according to Frä⁶⁴); cf. theory of √ in Lag^{Ges Abh. 41}, Fl^l.c.: but in Heb. glass is זְכוֹכִית).

זֶד, זָדוֹן v. sub זיד.

זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv. fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתה, Jer 26:6 Kt (also זֹה and זוֹ, q.v.); comm. זוּ (q.v.): this, here (the element ז = ذ = ܕ is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstr. particle, often acquiring, like Engl. that, Germ. der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus a. Ph. זֶ this (e.g. קבר ז this grave), also sometimes זן, f. זא, comm. אז (v. CIS I. i. 1:4, 5, 6, 12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the genit. [lit. that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 67–71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה this (ib. 113:22; 145 C²), f. זא 113:15; 145 B⁵; Aramaic of Zinijirli ז, זן, זנה this, זי which (DHM^{Sendsch. 56}); Ethiopic ዝ ze, this, f. ዛ zā, ዘ za, who (masc.), also (like זִי, and דִּי, דְּ [v. infr.]) in common use as a mark of the genitive; b. Arabic ذَا this, fem. ذِى, ذُو (gen. ذِى, acc. ذَا, fem. ذَاتُ), possessor of (lit. that of …, i.e. one who owns), or in the Ṭayyite dialect, who, which: from ذَا, with هَا lo! prefixed, هَاذَا this, f. هَاذِهِ, with the pron. element -k affixed, ذَاكَ = this: with ’al (= the art.) + a demonstr. element la prefixed, أَلَّذِى who, which (in origin = Heb. הַלָּזֶה this, q.v.); Sab. דֿן this, f. דֿת, דֿ who, which, f. דֿת (Prä^{ZMG. 1872, 419}, DHM^{ZMG. 1883, 338 f.}, also ^{Epigr. Denkm. 65}); c. Biblical Aramaic דִּי which, דֵּךְ, דִּכֵּן, דְּנָה (q.v.) this, f. דָּא (= זֹאת), דָּךְ; Palm. and Nab. די which, דנה this; 𝔗 דְּ which, דֵּין, דֵּיכֵי this, f. דָּא; with הא lo! prefixed, הָדֵין, הָדָא (Syriac ܗܳܢ, ܗܳܢܳܐ, contr. from ܗܳܕܶܢ), ܗܳܕܶܐ; Syriac ܕ who, which; Sam. ד who, which, דנ this, f. דה; Mand. ד who, which, דהֿ this (rare), more commonly האדין, האזין (Nö^{Mand § 80, 81}). Alike in Heb. and the other dialects, the corresp. plur. is derived from a different source: Heb. אֵלָּה, Ph. אל, Ethiopic ’ellū, ’ellā, these, ’ella, who, Arabic أُولَى, these, أُولُوا, أُولَى owners of, Sab. אלן these, אל, אלי who, which, Aramaic אִלֵּין, with הא lo! prefixed, ܗܳܠܶܝܢ, Sam. ࠀࠋࠉࠍ, Mand. עלין. Only the Arabic اَلَّذِى forms its own pl. اَلَّذِينَ V. further W^{SG 107 ff.})—

1. standing alone: a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with אֵת), Gn 2:23 לָזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה כִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקֳּחָה־זֹּאת, 5:29 זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ …, 12:12; 38:28 Ex 10:7 עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֹקֵשׁ, 1 S 10:27 מַה יּוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ זֶה how shall this man save us? 16:8, 9; 21:16 that ye have brought אֶת־זֶה this fellow to play the madman against me? 25:21 in vain have I kept אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר לָזֶה all that this fellow hath etc. 2 S 13:17 אֶת־זֹאת, 1 K 22:27 אֶת־זֶה, Mi 5:4 Is 66:2; as a genit., Gn 29:27, 28 1 K 21:2; with a collective force Lv 11:4, 9 (= Dt 14:7, 9), v 21, 29 Ju 20:16, 17 (כָּל־זֶה), Jb 19:19 (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאת is most common, as with עשׂה to do this Gn 3:14; 20:5, 6; 45:19 and often, שׁמעו זאת Am 8:4 Is 47:8; 48:1, 16; 51:21 al.; Gn 41:39 Ex 17:14 Dt 32:6 Ju 7:14; 21:3 לָמָה … הָֽיְתָה זֹאת (cf. Jb 1:13 ψ 118:23) 1 K 11:39 2 S 7:19 2 K 3:18 +; אֵין זֹאת 1 Sa 20:2b cf. Am 2:11; rarely so with אֶת־ †Jos 22:24 Je 9:11 ψ 92:7; as an accus. of limit., as regards this, in this, Ez 20:27; 36:37 Jb 19:26 (si vera l.), 33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) אַחֲרֵי זֹאת †Jb 42:16 Ezr 9:10, א׳ כל־זאת †2 Ch 21:18; 35:20; pointing forward to a foll. a clause, Gn 42:18; 43:11 Nu 8:24; 14:35 Is 56:2 Jb 10:13 etc.; Ex 9:16 1 S 25:31 Is 1:12 מִי בִקֵּשׁ זאת מִיֶּדְכֶם רְמֹס חֲצֵרָֽי׃; to one introduced by כִּי 2 S 19:22 ψ 102:19; 119:50, 56 (see also בְּזֹאת 6 b β): but זֶה also sometimes occurs similarly Ex 13:8 Pr 24:12 Jb 15:17 Ne 2:2 Ec 1:17; 2:15 גם זה הבל (so v 19, 21, 23 +), 7:18^(×2); of a concrete obj., Ex 30:31 2 K 4:43 מָה אֶתֵּן זֶה לִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ: in late Heb., Ne 13:6 בְּכָל־זֶה during all this, 2 Ch 32:9 אַחַר זֶה; pointing forwards La 5:17 f. to כִּי ψ 56:10 Je 22:21. (See also below, 6 g.) b. repeated זֶה … זֶה, this … that, the one … the other or (if indefinite) another, Gn 29:27 (זֹאת), Ex 14:20 וְלֹא קָרַב זֶה אֶל זֶה, 1 K 3:23; 22:20 Is 6:3; 44:5 (3 times), ψ 75:8 זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים, Jb 1:16–18; 21:23, 25 +.

2. In appos. to a subst.: a. preceding it (rare) Ex 32:1, 23 זֶה מֹשֶׁה, Ju 5:5 (= ψ 68:9) זֶה סִינַי this Sinai, Jos 9:12 זֶה לַחְמֵנוּ this our bread, 1 K 14:14 2 K 6:33 Is 23:13 זֶה הָעָם, ψ 34:7; 49:14; 104:25 זה הים גדול וג׳ this sea there is great and broad, 118:20 Ct 7:8 Ezr 3:12. (Cf. זוּ Hb 1:11.) b. following it:—(α) when the subst. is determined by a pron. affix, Gn 24:8 שְׁבוּעָתִי זֹאת, this my oath, Dt 5:29(26) O that לְבָבָם זֶה this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! 21:20 Jos 2:14, 20 דְּבָרֵנוּ זֶה, Ju 6:14 go בְּכֹחֲךָ זֶה in this thy strength, Dn 10:17 2 Ch 24:18 (Cf. אֵלָּה, a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, 2 K 1:2 חֳלִי זֶה (so 8:8, 9), ψ 80:15. (β) with the art., הַזֶּה, הַזֹּאת, after a subst. determained also by the art., Gn 7:1 בַּדּוֹר הַזֶּה, v 13 הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, 12:7 הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת, 15:7; 17:21, 23 Dt 4:6 הגוי הגדול הזה, and continually. Not however after a n.pr., except such as are construed with the art., as הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Gn 32:11 Dt 3:27; 31:2 Jos 1:2, 11; 4:22, הַלְּבָנוֹן הַזֶּה Jos 1:4, cf. Nu 27:12 = Dt 32:49 (2 K 5:20 הַזֶּה belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever (2 Ch 1:10) after a noun with a pron. affix (Jos 2:17 מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ הַזֶּה the gender of הזה shews that the text is in error: v. Dr^{§ 209 Obs.}).

3. More often as pred., as 1 S 24:17 הֲקוֹלְךָ זֶה, 2 K 3:23 דָּם זֶה this is blood, 9:37 זֹאת אִיזָֽבֶל׃, Ez 5:5 etc.; הֲזֶה Is 14:16, הֲזֹאת 23:7 La 2:15; often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Gn 5:1 זה ספר this is the book …, 9:12 זֹאת אוֹת הַבְּרִית, 17:10; 20:13 זֶה חַסְדֵּךְ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשִׂי עִמָּדִי, Lv 6:2, 13, 18; 7:1, 11 Dt 6:1; 33:1 Jos 13:2 Jb 27:13 Is 58:6 etc.; זה הדבר אשׁר … Ex 16:16; 35:4 Jos 5:4 Ju 20:9; 21:11 Is 37:22 Je 38:21 +, cf. זה אשׁר … this is what (or how) … Gn 6:15 Ex 29:38 Je 33:16; זֶה לְךָ הָאוֹת Ex 3:12 1 S 2:34 +; at the end, Lv 7:37; 11:46; 13:50 Nu 5:21; 7:17, 23 etc., Jos 19:8, 16, 23 etc., Is 14:26; 16:13 (זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר …), 17:14; 54:17 Je 13:25 ψ 109:20 Ct 5:16^(×2) Jb 5;27, in the latter case sometimes with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), 18:21; 20:29 (cf. אֵלֶּה ψ 73:12), ψ 24:6; 48:15 such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) Zp 2:15; cf. Jb 14:3 אַף־עַל־זֶה upon one such as this (v 1, 2) dost thou open thy eyes?

4. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, especially interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view מי זה and מי הוא: v. הוא 4 b.) Thus a. אֵי־זֶה₁₅ where, then? Jb 28:12 אֵי־זֶה מְקוֹם בִּינָה, v 20 38:19 b (v. other exx. sub אַי 1 b, p. 32). b. מִי־זֶה, †1 S 17:55, 56 בֶּן־מִי־זֶה֖ הָעָֽלֶם׃ the son of whom, here, is the lad? Je 49:19 (= 50:44) וּמִי זֶה רֹעֶה אֲשֶׁר וג׳ and who (emph.) is the shepherd that etc., La 3:37 ψ 24:8 Who is the King of glory? (for which in v 10 the stronger מִי הוּא זֶה is said: so Je 30:21 Est 7:5), 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this … is admissible: Is 63:1 Je 46:7 Jb 38:2; 42:3; cf. מִי־זֹאת Ct 3:6; 6:10; 8:5. c. מַה־זֶּה how, now? Gn 27:20 Ju 18:24 וּמַה־זֶּה תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי and how, now, do ye say to me …? 1 K 21:5 2 K 1:5; what, now? (τίποτε;) 1 S 10:11 מַה־זֶּה הָיָה לְבֶן־קִישׁ; עַל־מַה־זֶּה for what? Ne 2:4: contracted into מַזֶּה Ex 4:2. (Cf. Aramaic מָדֵין why? ܡܳܕܶܝܢ used as a conj. therefore, e.g. 2 S 18:22 𝔖, PS²⁰¹³: both formed similarly.) d. מַה־זֹּאת in the phrase (עֲשִׂיתֶם, עָשִׂית) מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂיתָ Gn 3:13; 12:18; 26:10; 29:25; 42:28 Ex 14:11 Ju 2:2 15:11 +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done? (Fl De) or What is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresp. phrase in Arabic مَا ذَا صَنَعْتَ; De Gen. 3:13 ^{(ed. 4)}, and especially Fl^{Kl.Schr. i. 356} Lane ^{p. 948}.) e. לָֽמָּה־זֶּה wherefore, now? Gn 18:13; 25:22; 32:30 Ex 5:22 Nu 11:20 + often Cf. Arabic لِهَا ذَا f. הַאַתָּה זֶה †2 S 2:20 האתה זה עשׂהאל Art thou Asahel? 1 K 18:7, 17, without הֲ Gn 27:24; in an indirect question Gn 27:21. g. הִנֵּה זֶה behold, here … †1 K 19:5 (in narrative), Is 21:9 Ct 2:8, 9. Cf. Nu 13:17 (unusual) עֲלוּ זֶה בַּנֶּגֶב go up here in the South. h. עַתָּה זֶה, †1 K 17:24 עַתָּה זֶה יָדַעְתִּי now I know that …, 2 K 5:22 just now. Also i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: Gn 27:36 he hath supplanted me זֶה פַעֲמַיִם now two times (so 43:10), 31:38 now, already twenty years, v 41 (זֶה־לִּי …), 45:6 Nu 14:22 now ten times, 22:28, 32 זֶה שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים, Dt 8:2, 4 Jos 22:3 זֶה יָמִים רַבִּים, 2 S 14:2 +; Zc 7:3 זֶה כַּמָּה שָׁנִים already how many years! cf. Ru 2:7 Je 50:17.

5. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare: but see also זוֹ, זוּ): ψ 74:2 athe hill of Zion זה שׁכנת בּוֹ wherein thou dwellest, 78:54; 104:8 אל־מְקום זה to the place (st. c. Ges^{§ 130. 3}) which … v 26 Pr 23:22 Is 25:9; = that which Jb 15:17, those who 19:19 (so once, Ex 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה with the preceding subst., and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַר־זֶ֝֗ה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, ‘this mountain, (which) thy right hand,’ etc.

6. With prefixes (in special senses):— a. בָּזֶה₁₅ in this (place), here, Gn 38:21, 22 Ex 24:14 Nu 23:1^(×2) 1 S 1:26; 9:11 +; of time, then, †Est 2:13 Once בַּזֶּה 1 S 21:10. b. בְּזֹאת (α) with this = on these conditions, Gn 34:15, 22 1 S 11:2 Is 27:9; = herewith, thus provided Lv 16:3. (β) by or through this (especially with יָדַע), Gn 42:15, 33 Ex 7:17 Nu 16:28 Jos 3:10 ψ 41:12; so בָּזֹאת Mal 3:10. (γ) in spite of this, Lv 26:27 ψ 27:3, for which the fuller בְּכָל־זֹאת occurs, Is 5:25; 9:11, 16, 20; 10:4 ψ 78:32 Je 3:10 Ho 7:10. (δ) בָּזֹאת for this cause (late style) †1 Ch 27:24 2 Ch 19:2; in this matter 20:17. c. כָּזֶה (α) †Gn 41:38 הֲנִמְצָא כָזֶה אִישׁ אשׁר …, Is 56:12; 58:5 Je 5:9 גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר כָּזֶה (so v 29; 9:8). (β) כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה thus and thus, †Ju 18:4 2 S 11:25 1 K 14:5. d. כְּזֹאת the like of this = as follows, †Gn 45:23; כָּזֹאת the like of this = things such as these Ju 13:23 (c. השׁמיע), 15:7; 19:30 לא נראתה כָּזֹאת, 1 S 4:7 (cf. Je 2:10 2 Ch 30:26), 2 S 14:13 (c. חשׁב), Is 66:8 (c. שׁמע), Ezr 7:27; = accordingly, to that effect (c. דִּבֶּר) 2 Ch 34:22; = in like manner Ju 8:8; = thus (as has been described) 1 K 7:37 1 Ch 29:14 2 Ch 31:20; 32:15: כָּזֹאת וְכָזֹאת thus and thus †Jos 7:20 2 S 17:15^(×2) 2 K 5:4; 9:12. e. מִזֶּה from here, hence Gn 37:17; 42:15; 50:25 Ex 11:1^(×2) 13:3 Dt 9:12 + often: מִזֶּה … מִזֶּה on one side … on the other side Ex 17:12 מזה אחד ומזה אחד, 25:19; 26:13; 32:15 מזה ומזה הם כתובים, Nu 22:24 1 S 14:4 1 K 10:19, 20 Zc 5:3 +; מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ on one side and on the other side of … Ex 38:15 Jos 8:33 Ez 45:7; 48:21. f. עַל זֶה on this account (rare), La 5:17 (pointing forwards), Est 6:3. So עַל זֹאת Am 8:8 Mi 1:8 Je 2:12 (Jb 17:8) 4:8, 28 ψ 32:6; in late prose Ezr 8:23; 9:15; 10:2 Ne 13:14 2 Ch 16:9, 10; 29:9; 32:20. g. עִם זֶה in spite of this †Ne 5:18.—On אֵי זֶה which? אֵי מִזֶּה whence? אֵי לָזֹאת how? v. sub אַי 2, p. 32; and on הַלָּז, הַלָּזֶה, הַלֵּזוּ, v. p. 229.

Note. —זֶה in 1 S 17:34 (in many edd.) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim’s Rabbin. Bible of 1525 for שׂה sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subseq. edd. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient edd. is שֶׂה (cf. de Rossi^{Var. Lect. ii. 151}).

† זֹה this (f.) = זֹאת (cf. זוֹ, in Mish. the regular fem. of זֶה)—2 K 6:19 Ez 40:45 Ec 2:2, 24; 5:15, 18; 7:23; 9:13 (זאת does not occur in Ec); also in the phr. כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה (v. זה 6 c β).

† זוֹ i.q. זֹה (q.v.): only Ho 7:16 b זוֹ לַעְגָּם this (i.e. the falling by the sword, v a) is their derision; and (as relat.) ψ 132:12 וְעֵדֹ֤תִ֥י זֹוֹ and my testimony which … (neglecting the accentuation: v. De, and cf. the remark under זֶה 5).

† זוּ pron. (poet.), indeclinable.

1. a demonstr. Hb 1:11 זוּ כֹחוֹ this his strength, ψ 12:8 מִן־הַדּוֹר זוּ (unusual, for הַזֶּה), 62:12 שְׁתַּיִם־זוּ שָׁמַעְתִּי these two things &c. (but better (Wickes^{Poet. Acc. 64}) שְׁ֖תֵּיִם ז֣וּ two things (are there) which &c.: v. 2).

2. a relative, Ex 15:13 עַם־זוּ גָאָ֑לְתָּ the people which thou hast redeemed, v 16 Is 42:24 זוּ חָטָאנוּ לוֹ against whom we sinned, 43:21 ψ 9:16 (fem.) רֶשֶׁת־ז֥וּ טָ֜מָ֗נוּ so 31:5, 10:2; 17:9 (with a plural antecedent) מִפְּנֵי רְשָׁעִים זוּ שַׁדּוּנִי, 32:8; 68:29 (thou) who hast wrought for us! 142:4; 143:8. To most of these passages the remark made under זה 5 respecting the intention of the punctuators also applies: comp. De on ψ 9:16. (Cf. ذُو, used as an indeclin. relat. pron. = اَلَّذِى in the Ṭayyite dialect: thus أتى عليهم ذو أتى there has come upon them that which has come: ذحن ذو فعلنا كذا it is we who have done this. See Schu^{Hariri Cons. ii. 75}, Thes⁴⁰⁶, W^{AG i. 347, e}, Lane^{p. 986}, Fl^{Kl.Schr. i. p. 359}.)

זהב (√ of foll.; meaning dubious; cf. Lag^{BN 55 Anm}).

זָהָב₃₈₅ n.m. ^{Gn 2:12} gold (NH id.; Arabic ذَهَبٌ, Sab. דֿהב e.g. Os²⁹ DHM^{ZMG 1883, 338}; Aramaic דְּהַב, ܕܗܰܒ, Palm. דהבא Vog^{No. 23})—ז׳ abs. Gn 2:11 + 364 times; cstr. Gn 2:12 + 6 times; sf. זְהָבִי 1 K 20:7 + 2 times; זְהָֽבְךָ 1 K 20:3, 5; זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Is 30:22; זְהָבוֹ Is 2:20; 31:7; זְהָבָם Ho 8:4 + 4 times;—gold,

1. = gold-ore, gold in a raw state, Gn 2:11, 12 Je 10:9 Pr 17:3; 27:21 Jb 28:1 +; perhaps also 1 K 9:28; 10:11; 22:49 etc.; cf. עַפְרֹת ז׳ Jb 28:6 gold-dust v. also Zc 13:9 (sim. of tried people of י׳) and cf. Mal 3:3; likewise Jb 23:10 (sim. of Job’s purity, as shewn by divine tests); מִצָּפוֹן זָהָב Jb 37:22 is dub.; Ew De al. out of the North comes gold; others, however, golden light, brightness, of sun after clouds dispersed by north wind, 𝔊 Rabb. Da al.; or golden splendour of God coming from north Bö^{Ä 76} Hi al.; Siegf conj. יהוה for זהב read perhaps זֹהַר Du and Dr.

2. gold as wealth Gn 13:2 (J; + מִקְנֶה, כֶּסֶף) 24:34 (J; + צֹאן, בָּקָר, כֶּסֶף, עֲבָדִם, שְׁפָחֹת, גְּמַלִּים, חֲמֹרִים) cf. Ho 2:8 Is 2:7 Dt 8:13; 17:17 Jb 3:15; 31:24 Zc 14:14 Ezr 1:4, 6 +; in gen., as precious: נִבְחָר שֵׁם מֵעשֶׁר רָ֑ב מִכֶּסֶף וּמִזָּהָב חֵן טוֹב Pr 22:1 to be chosen is a name more than great riches, and good favour more than silver and than gold; Jb 28:17 (of wisdom) gold and glass do not equal it; ψ 19:10 (ordinances of י׳) which are more to be desired than gold; cf. 119:72, 127; also metaph. of princes and chief men of Zion La 4:1 (cf. v 2).

3. gold as spoil of war Jos 6:19 (+ כֶּסֶף, כְּלֵי־נְחשֶׁת, בַּרְזֶל) so v 24, cf. 7:21, 24; 22:8 2 K 7:8 +.

4. gold as merchandise Ez 27:22 (+ אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, רֹאשׁ כָּל־בֹּשֶׂם), cf. also gold from Ophir 1 K 9:28 etc. (v. sub 7 infr.)

5. gold as costly gift: to a prophet מְלֹא בֵּיתוֹ כֶּסֶף וְז׳ (hypothet.), Nu 22:18; 24:13 (both E); brought by queen of Sheba to Solomon 1 K 10:2, 10 (both + אֶבֶן יְקָרָה and בְּשָׂמִים) = 2 Ch 9:1, 9; as tribute 2 K 23:35^(×2) (cf. v 33; all + כֶּסֶף); as satisfaction for murder 2 S 21:4 (+ כֶּסֶף).

6. gold as material: of (nose- or ear-)ring, נֶזֶם Gn 24:22 Ex 32:2, 3 Ju 8:24, 26 Pr 11:22; 25:12 Jb 42:11; of chain Gn 41:42, shields 2 S 8:7, images of emerods 1 S 6:4, 17 and mice v 4, 11, 18; תַּפּוּחֵי ז׳ בְּמַשְׂכִּיּוֹת כֶּסֶף Pr 25:11; גֻּלַּת ז׳ Ec 12:6; כְּלֵי־ז׳ Ex 3:22; 11:2; 12:35 1 S 6:8 ψ 105:37 etc.; כְּלֵי־כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב Gn 24:53 as presents to a bride (+ בְּגָדִים); so of presents to secure king’s favour 2 S 8:10 (+ כְּלֵי נְחשֶׁת), and in list of yearly gifts or tribute to Sol. 1 K 10:25 = 2 Ch 9:24; as material of idols אֱלֹהֵי כֶסֶף וֵאלֹהֵי ז׳ Ex 20:23 cf. 32:31 Ho 8:4 Is 2:20; 30:22; 31:7 Dt 29:16 ψ 115:4; 135:15; as plating of idols Dt 7:25; especially as material of the furnishings of Solomon’s temple, or (oftener) the platings of temple, or parts thereof, or of its furnishings 1 K 6:20, 21^(×3), 22^(×2), 28; 7:48 + 10 times 1 K 6:7; also 2 Ch 3:5^(×2), 6 + 14 times 2 Ch 3:4; cf. 1 Ch 28:14^(×2) + 14 times 1 Ch 28. 29 (David’s preparation for temple); v. also 2 K 24:13 cf. 14:14 = 2 Ch 25:24, 2 K 25:15 = Je 52:19 (in accounts of plundering temple etc.); but more often still of furnishing and utensils of tabernacle, insignia of high-priest etc., Ex 25:3, 11, 24 + 97 times Ex 25–40, Lv 8:9 Nu 4:11; 8:4; (in case of large objects frequently of plating or sheathing, cf. 12 c infr.) Note the expressions תְּנוּפַת ז׳ ליהוה Ex 35:22 a wave-offering of gold, זְהַב הַתְּנוּפָה 38:24; also זְהַב הַתְּרוּמָה Nu 31:52 (all P) cf. Ezr 8:25, and (of offering to heathen god) יְכַבֵּד בְּזָהָב Dn 11:38.

†7. gold described by its source, especially gold from Ophir (cf. Glas^{Skizze ii. 357, ff. 368}) 1 K 9:28; 10:11; 22:49 1 Ch 29:4 2 Ch 8:18; 9:10; so perhaps Je 10:9 (read אוֹפִיר for אוּפַז Ew Klo al.); זְהַב שְׁבָא ψ 72:15; on ז׳ פַּרְוָ֑יִם 2 Ch 3:6 v. פרוים; cf. further Gn 2:11, 12.

8. gold defined By var. adj. and pts.: ז׳ שָׁחוּט beaten gold (v. שָׁחַט) 1 K 10:16, 17 = 2 Ch 9:15^(×2), 16; ז׳ סָגוּר 1 K 6:20, 21; also 7:49, 50 10:21 = 2 Ch 4:20, 22; 9:21 (on meaning v. סָגַר); especially (but only P & Ch) ז׳ טָהוֹר pure gold Ex 25:11, 17, 24 + 21 times Ex 25, 28, 30, 37, 39 (of equipments of tabernacle and high priest’s insignia), 1 Ch 28:17 2 Ch 3:4; 9:17; cf. ז׳ טוֹב 2 Ch 3:5, 8; on ז׳ מוּפָז 1 K 10:18, AV best gold, cf. אוּפָז, פָּזַז.

9. ז׳ as measure of weight and value: a. = gold-shekel, עֲשָׂרָה ז׳ מִשְׁקָלָם Gn 24:22; כַּף אַחַת עֲשָׂרָה ז׳ Nu 7:14 + 11 times Nu 7; אֶלֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵאוֹת ז׳ Ju 8:26, cf. 1 K 10:16 2 K 5:5 2 Ch 9:15, 16; אַלְפֵי ז׳ וָכָ֑סֶף ψ 119:72; comp. further Jos 7:21; but also (only Ch) שֶׁקֶל expressed: שִׁקְלֵי ז׳ מִשְׁקַל שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת 1 Ch 21:25 (50 shekels of silver in ‖ 2 S 24:24); וּמִשְׁקָל לְמִסְמְרוֹת לִשְׁקָלִים חֲמִשִּׁים ז׳ 2 Ch 3:9. b. שְׁלשֶׁת מָנִים ז׳ 1 K 10:17 three minas of gold (v. מָנֶה). c. כִּכַּר ז׳ talent of gold 2 S 12:30 1 K 9:14 + (v. כִּכָּר). d. זָהָב דַּרְכְּמוֹנִים שֵׁשׁ־רִבֹּאוֹת וָאֶלֶף Ezr 2:69 cf. Ne 7:69, 70, 71; also וּכפֹרֵי ז׳ עֶשְׂרִים לַאֲדַרְכֹּנִים אָ֑לֶף Ezr 8:27 (v. דַּרְכְּמוֹן);—with the above should perhaps be compared הַזָּלִים ז׳ מִכִּיס Is 46:6 i.e. the gold used in making the god was the coin carried in the bag.

10. ז׳ = golden oil, from colour, Zc 4:12.

11. ז׳ often named with כֶּסֶף, and then, in earlier and sometimes in later writings, follows it: בַּכֶּסֶף וּבַזָּהָב Gn 13:2 (J), cf. 24:35, 53; 44:8 (all J), Ex 3:22; 11:2; 12:35 Nu 22:18; 24:13 (all E), Jos 6:19, 24 (JE), Dt 7:25; 17:17; 29:16 2 S 8:11; 21:4 1 K 7:51; 15:15, 18, 19 2 K 7:8; 16:8; 18:14; 20:13; 23:33, 35^(×2) Ho 2:10; 8:4 Is 2:7; 60:9 Je 10:4 Zp 1:18 Ez 7:19; 38:13 Zc 6:11 Jo 4:5, Pr 22:1 ψ 105:37; 115:4; 135:15 2 Ch 1:15; 5:1 Ezr 1:4; 8:25 Dn 11:8 Ec 2:8 +; in later writings ז׳ often precedes Ez 28:4 Zc 14:14 Mal 3:3 1 Ch 18:10; 22:14, 16; 28:15, 16; 29:3, 4, 5, 7 2 Ch 9:14, 21; 24:14; 25:24 Ezr 1:11 ψ 119:72 Ct 1:11 Dn 11:38 +, and so in P, Ex 25:3; 31:4; 35:5, 32 Nu 31:32; yet also as early as Hb 2:19 1 K 10:22 2 K 25:15.

12. the chief vbs. used with ז׳ are: a. עָשָׂה make of (c. 2 acc.) 1 K 7:48 (cf. v 49^(×2), 50^(×2)) 10:6; 12:28; 14:26 2 Ch 4:7, 8, 19; 12:9; 13:8, and especially in P (tabern.) Ex 25:11, 17, 18 + 35 times Ex 25–39; also sq. בְּ work in gold, לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּזּ׳ וּבַכֶּסֶף וּבַנְּחשֶׁת Ex 31:4; 35:32, also (+ בַּבַּרְזֶל, etc.), 2 Ch 2:6, 13; b. יָצַק (obj. טַבְּעֹת ז׳) Ex 25:12; 37:3, 13 (all P); c. צִפָּה overlay with (c. 2 acc.) 1 K 6:20, 21^(×2), 22, 28, 30, 32, 35 (v 32, 35 one acc. om.), 10:18 2 Ch 3:4, 10; 9:17, and especially P (tabern.) Ex 25:11, 13, 24, 28 + 15 times Ex 26–37; in same sense d. וַיְחַפֵּהוּ ז׳ 2 Ch 3:5 cf. v 7, 8, 9, and e. תָּפוּשׂ ז׳ וָכֶסֶף Hb 2:19 encased in gold and silver; also f. בַּזּ׳ יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ Is 40:19; g. רדד Hiph., וַיָּ֫רֶדּ עַל־הַכְּרוּבִים וְעַל־הַתִּמֹּרוֹת אֶת־הַזּ׳ 1 K 6:32and he spread upon the cherubim and upon the palm-trees the gold; further h. בָּחַן try, Zc 13:9, cf. i. זִקַּק Mal 3:3.—On דִּי זָהָב, n.pr. v. p. 191; on מֵי זָהָב n.pr. v. sub מַיִם.

† [זָהַם] vb. be foul, loathsome, but only Pi., causat. (NH id., be foul, Pi. make foul; Aramaic זְהִים foul, ܙܰܗܶܡ make foul, fetid; Arabic زَهِمَ stink, be greasy)—

Pi. Pf. 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. וְזִהֲמַתּוּ חַיָּתוֹ לָ֑הֶם (consec.) Jb 33:20 his life maketh it, bread, loathsome to him (‖ ונפשׁו מַאֲכַל תַּאֲוָה). (On sf. v. Ges^{§ 131, 2, R. 4}; Dr 1 S 21:14: according to Siegf the word is hopelessly corrupt.)

† זָ֑הַם n.pr.m. (from above √?) a son of Rehoboam, 2 Ch 11:19.

† I. [זָהַר] vb. be light, shining (Arabic زَهَرَ, زَهُرَ shine, adj. اَزْهَرُ bright (cf. Lag^{BN 120}); Aramaic זְהַר, ܙܗܰܪ; NH in deriv.; v. also sub II. זהר)—

Hiph. intrans. (late) send out light, shine, fig. of everlasting glory of teachers of righteousness: וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִים יַזְהִרוּ כְּזֹהַר הָרָקִיעַ Dn 12:3 and they that make wise shall shine like the shining of the firmament (‖ וּמַצְדִּיקֵי הָרַבִּים כַּכּוֹכָבִים לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד).

† זֹ֫הַר n.[m.] shining, brightness (Arabic زُهْرَةٌ, NH זְהוֹר, cf. Aramaic זִיהֲרָא);—abs. Ez 8:2 כְּמַרְאֵה ז׳ like an appearance of shining (explained, v b, as resembling amber, חַשְׁמַל cf. 1:27); also cstr. Dn 12:3 v. foregoing.

† II. [זָהַר] vb. only Hiph., Niph. (NH Hiph., admonish, cf. Aramaic זְהַר (Aph. Pa. etc.), ܙܗܰܪ (Arabic زَهَرَ viii. take care of, be mindful of is perhaps Aramaic loan-word, so TA cf. Lane).—Most identify with I. זהר = give light, enlighten, instruct, admonish; this possible, but not certain, meaning shine is late in Heb.; usual sense as given below is not enlighten, illumine mentally, but warn; v. also construction with two accusatives Ex 18:20);—

Hiph. Pf. וְהִזְהִיר consec. Ez 33:3; sf. וְהִזְהִירֹה 2 K 6:10; 2 ms. הִזְהַרְתָּ Ez 3:19; 33:9, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֫ Ez 3:17; 33:7, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֫ה Ex 18:20, sf. הִזְהַרְתּוֹ Ez 3:18, 20, 21, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ consec. Ez 3:17; 33:7; וְהִזְהַרְתֶּם consec. 2 Ch 19:10; Inf. cstr. לְהַזְהִיר Ez 3:18; 33:8;—instruct, teach, warn: Ex 18:20 (E) teach them ordinances (2 acc.); 2 K 6:10 the place which (אֲשֶׁר) the man of God told him of (אָמַר־לוֹ) and warned him (sf.) of; elsewhere only Ez Ch; warn, give a warning to, always sq. acc. pers. only: Ez 3:18, 19, 20; 33:3; give them (acc.) a warning from me (מִמֶּנִּי, י׳ speaks) Ez 3:17; 33:7; warn the wicked (רָשָׁע) from (away from, מִן) his way Ez 3:18; 33:8, 9 warn the righteous (צַדִּיק) Ez 3:21 sq. Inf. in order that the righteous sin not, cf. 2 Ch 19:10 sq. acc. pers. + final cl. c. וְ.

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִזְהָ֔ר Ez 3:21; 33:4, 5, 6; also נִזְהָ֖ר v 5 (read perhaps הִזְהִיר, so We Sm Co); Imv. הִזָּהֵר Ec 12:12; Inf. cstr. לְהִזָּהֵר Ec 4:13; Pt. נִזְהָר ψ 19:12;—be instructed, admonished, warned (pass. of Hiph.):—גַּם־עַבְדְּךָ נִזְהָ֣ר בָּהֶם ψ 19:12 yea thy servant, he is instructed (or warned) by them (i.e. lets himself be instructed or warned by the מִשְׁפְּטֵי י׳ v 10); in Ez distinctly take warning, abs. Ez 3:21 (cf. Hiph.) 33:4, 5a; so Ec 12:12 and, more generally, אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָדַע לְהִזָּהֵר Ec 4:13 who knoweth not how to take admonition; be warned, receive warning Ez 33:6 (of people, c. לֹא, i.e. if no warning be given them), also MT v 5 b, but read perhaps Hiph. (v. supr.) but he (i.e. the watchman) gave warning, he hath delivered his (own) soul.

† זִו appar. n.pr. of 2nd month, = c. April–May, named as month of beginning the temple-building; בְּחֹדֶשׁ זִו הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי 1 K 6:1 = בְּיֶרַח זִ֑ו v 37; 𝔊B v 1 has simply ἐν μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ, v 37 (in 𝔊 v 4) ἐν μηνὶ Νεισῷ καὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ μηνί; 𝔊 codd. ἐν μηνὶ Ζιου μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ; 𝔊L (only v 37) ἐν δευτέρῳ μηνί, ἐν μηνὶ Ζιου;—(si vera l. comp. perhaps Aramaic זִיו ܙܝܺܘܳܐ brightness, freshness, so Biblical Aramaic Dn 2:31 +; cf. 𝔗 יֶרַח זִיו נִיצָנַיָּא month of brightness of flowers; Assyrian zîmu, Dl^{Pr 152 f.} cf. Nö^{ZMG 1886, 732}; Thes al. der. זִו, זִיו (= זְהִיו) from זהה in sense be bright, splendid, etc., cf. Arabic زَهَا increase, thrive (of seed-produce), زَهْوٌ a beautiful and bright, or fresh, plant; Aramaic זְהָא, adj. זָהוֹהָא haughty, proud; ܙܗܳܐ glory, boast, be magnificent; yet cf. Ol^{§ 174 ad fin.})

זוֹ , זוּ , v. p. 262.

† [זוּב] vb. flow, gush (NH id., Aramaic דּוּב, דִּיב, ܕܳܒ, all used often in sense 4 infr.; Arabic ذَابَ (med. و) melt, dissolve, flow)—only

Qal Impf. יָזוּב Lv 15:25 etc.; Pt. זָב Je 49:9 f. זָבָ֫ה Lv 15:19 etc.;— 1. flow, gush (poet.), of water from the smitten rock ψ 78:20 (‖ שָׁטַף), 105:41 (‖ הָלַךְ), Is 48:21 (‖ נָזַל). 2. Pt. freq. in זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבַשׁ (אֶרֶץ), mostly of promised land, Ex 3:8, 17; 13:5 (all J) 33:3 Nu 13:27; 14:8; 16:14 (all JE) Dt 6:3; 11:9; 26:9, 15; 27:3; 31:20 Jos 5:6 (D) Lv 20:24 (H) Je 11:5; 32:22 Ez 20:6, 15, of Egypt Nu 16:13; זָב עִמְקֵךְ Je 49:4 (fertile valley of Ammon). 3. fig. flow away = pine away (from hunger) La 4:9. 4. flow, of issue from woman (all P), Lv 15:25 יָזוּב זוֹב דָּמָהּ (v. זוֹב); especially have an issue (flux, gleet), of woman Lv 15:25 and 15:19 (תִּהְיֶה זָבָה); usually of man, 2 S 3:29 (‖ מְצֹרָע); elsewhere P, Lv 15:2 זָב מִבִּשָׂרוֹ; with cogn. acc. 15:33; ordinarily Pt. זָב one that has an issue Lv 15:4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 32 (all P), 22:4 (H; ‖ צָרוּעַ); also Nu 5:2 (P; ‖ id.)

† זוֹב n.m. issue (Arabic ذَوْبٌ fluid, liquid; NH זוֹב, Aramaic דּוֹבָא in specif. sense of Heb.);—issue, flux, always from genitals (cf. Di Lv 15:2); only P: of man or woman Lv 15:33;—of man Lv 15:2, 3, 3^(×2), 13, 15; of woman Lv 15:19 (דָּם יִהְיֶה זֹבָהּ בִּבְשָׂרָהּ, of monthly period); also v 25^(×2), 26, 28, 30 (of morbid issue of blood, sometimes connected with the other; cf. Mat 9:20 etc.)

זוג, זיג v. p. 259.

זוּד v. זיד.

זוה (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic زَوَى put aside or away, draw together, contract).

† [זָוִית] n.f. corner (late) (Aramaic זָוִיתָא, ܙܳܘܺܝܬܳܐ (often for Heb. פִּנָּה, מִקְצוֹעַ), hence, as loan-word (Frä^{Aramaic Fremdw. 11, 168}) Arabic زَاوِيَةٌ );—Pl. abs. זָוִיּוֹת ψ 144:12; cstr. זָוִיֹּת Zc 9:15;—וּמָֽלְאוּ כַמִּזְרָק כְּזָוִיֹּת מִזְבֵּחַ Zc 9:15 simil. of warriors streaming with blood, v. Lv 1:5, 11 etc.; בְּנוֹתֵינוּ כְּז׳ וגו׳ ψ 144:12 our daughters like corner (-pillar)s, carved (so Che al., but v. ii. חטב) in palace-fashion.

† [מָ֫זוּ] n.m. garner (on format. cf. Ol^{§ 144 b, 197 b})—only Pl. sf. מְזָוֵינוּ מְלֵאִים ψ 144:13 our garners are full (word inflected as if מְ were radical; cf. Oll.c.)

I. זוז (NH זוז move, Assyrian zâzu, move, rise, come forth cf. COT gloss.; also be agitated, enraged, V R ^{64, i, 1. 11}).

† I. זִיז n.m. ^{ψ 80:14} coll. moving things (i.e. beasts) (etym. & exact meaning still rather dub., cf. Che^{OP 472} and on ψ 50:11; Thes al. √ זוז; De ψ 50:11 comp. Assyrian zizânu, coll. reptiles, Dl^{S 74 f.} from a זִאזֵא cf. زَعْزَعَ move to and fro, agitate (cf. זוע); others comp. Assyrian zâzu, abundance v. II. זוז, so even Di Is 66:11; this hardly suits ψ 80:14; 𝔗 זִיזָא worm);—only cstr. זִיז שָׂדַי ψ 50:11 the moving things of the field, as all known to י׳ (‖ עוֹף הָרִים; also in v 10 חַיְתוֹ־יָ֑עַר, etc.); fig. of enemies of Isr. ψ 80:14 (‖ חֲזִיר מִיָּ֑עַר). On Assyrian zîzē, teats, v. RFHarper^{AJSL xiv (1897–1898), 174}.

† זִיזָא n.pr.m.—

1. a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:37.

2. a son of Rehoboan 2 Ch 11:20.

† זִיזָה n.pr.m. a Levite 1 Ch 23:11, = זִינָא v 10 (read prob. זִיזָא, 𝔊 Ζιζα in both).

† זָזָא n.pr.m. (perhaps belongs under this √; comp. Assyrian n.pr. Zazâ Zim^{BP 97} cf. Strm^{AVNo. 2816})—a descendant of יְרַחְמְאֵל of Judah 1 Ch 2:33.

† מְזוּזָה n.f. door-post, gate-post, abs. מ׳ Ex 21:6 Is 57:8; cstr. מְזוּזַת 1 S 1:9 Ez 46:2 + Ez 41:21 (del. 𝔖 Co cf. 𝔊 Hi), 45:19^(×2) (in both מְזוּזוֹת 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Co); sf. מְזוּזָתִי Ez 43:8, מְזוּזָתָם v 8; pl. מְזוּזוֹת 1 K 6:31 + 2 times (+ Ez 45:19^(×2) Co v. supr.), מְזוּזֹת Ex 12:7 + 4 times; מְזֻזוֹת Dt 6:9 Ju 16:3;—door-post, gate-post,

1. of dwelling-house Ex 12:7 (P), v 22, 23; 21:6 (all JE), Dt 6:9; 11:20 cf. Is 57:8; also מ׳ פְּתָחָ֑י Pr 8:34, מְזוּזָתָם Ez 43:8; of Sol.’s house 1 K 7:5.

2. of house of י׳: a. of the pre-Solomonic sanctuary of י׳ 1 S 1:9. b. of Sol.’s temple 1 K 6:33; of the דְּבִיר v 31. c. of Ezek.’s temple Ez 41:21 (del. Co v. supr.), 43:8 (מְזוּזָתִי), מ׳ הַבַּיִת Ez 45:19, מ׳ שַׁעַר v 19, cf. 46:2.

3. of city-gates Ju 16:3.

† יָזִיז n.pr.m. an officer of David יָזִיו הַהַגְרִי 1 Ch 27:31.

II. זוז (be abundant, cf. especially Assyrian zâzu, abundance, Dl^{Pr 67 f.} Zim^{BP 94, 97}; only as √ of foll.; perhaps related to I. זוז (cf. Thes), but this very dubious).

II. זִיז n.[m.] abundance, fulness: only מִזִּיז כְּבוֹדָהּ Is 66:11 that ye may suck out and be delighted, from the abundance of her glory (i.e. of Jerusalem) (so Di al.; > Che ^{crit. n., and OP 472 f.} Brd (cf. Ew ‘Euter’), who comp. vulg. Ar. zîza, udder (breast, teat); this suits vb. תָּמֹצּוּ and ‖ תִּינְקוּ וּשְׂבַעְתֶּם מִשֹּׁד, but is dub. in Heb., perh. not Shemit., v. Dozy ^{i. 619 a} and reff.; also Lag^{Proph. Chald.} who proposes, plausibly, מִבִּיו, cf. Aramaic ܒܶܙܳܐ PS ⁵⁰², ביזא; Arabic بزّ pap).

† זוּזִים n.pr.gent. an ancient trans-Jordanic people, dwelling in הָם Gn 14:5; otherwise unknown; abode appar. in (later) land of Ammon, between Bashan and Moab; commonly supposed = זַמְזֻמִּים q.v., in that case perhaps text error in one case or the other, cf. Nö^{Untersuchungen z. Kritik d. A. T. 162}.—(𝔊 ἔθνη ἰσχυρά).—On n.pr.loc. Ζιζα, زيزا, between Boṣra and Lejûn, cf. Kn Di ad loc., Tristr ^{Moab 132 ff.}

† זוֹחֵת n.pr.m. a descendant of Judah (etym. and meaning unknown) 1 Ch 4:20 (v. also בֶּן־זוֹחֵת), 𝔊 Ζωαν, Ζωαβ, A Ζωχαθ, 𝔊L Ζαωθ.

זָוִית v. sub זוה.

I. זול (prob. √ of foll., Arabic زَالَ remove, depart).

† [זוּלָה] n.[f.] proposes removal, only found in the st. c. as prep. and conj. except, only, save that—cstr. זוּלַת 2 K 24:14 and (with the obsolete case-ending ִי) זוּלָתִי Dt 1:36; 4:12 Jos 11:13 1 K 3:18; 12:20 ψ 18:32; with sf. זוּלָתִי Ho 13:4 Is 45:5, 21, זוּלָֽתְךָ, זוּלָתֶ֑ךָ 2 S 7:22 = 1 Ch 17:20 Is 26:13; 64:3 Ru 4:4, זוּלָתָהּ 1 S 21:10;—

1. prep. except, besides, lit. with removal of … (syn. מִבַּלְעֲדֵי ψ 18:32 Is 45:21; בִּלְתִּי Ho 13:4; and cf. Dt 1:36 with Nu 32:12), Dt 1:36 זולתי כלב with the exception of Caleb, 1 S 21:10 אֵין אַחֶרֶת זוּלָתָהּ there is none other except it, 1 K 12:20 2 K 24:14 Ru 4:4: often in such phrases as, There is no God (or, Who is God?) except me (or thee), 2 S 7:22 18:32 Ho 13:4 Is 45:5, 21; 64:3. Always after a neg. or qu., except Is 26:13 אדנים זולתך lords other than thou. Connected inexactly with what precedes, ז׳ acquires the force of only, Dt 4:12 ye saw no form זוּלָתִי קוֹל save a voice = (there was) only a voice, 1 K 3:18.

2. conj. Jos 11:13 except that he burnt Hazor alone.

† II. [זוּל] vb. lavish (cf. Aramaic זוּל, be cheap, of little value, lightly esteem; similarly זלל q.v.)—

Qal Pt. הַזָּלִים זָהָב מִכִּיס Is 46:6 (‖ כֶּסֶף בַּקָּנֶה יִשְׁקֹ֑לוּ).

† [זוּן] vb. feed (NH. Biblical Aramaic id.; Syriac ࠆࠄࠍ );—

Hoph. Pt. סוּסִים מוזנים Je 5:8 (Kt; i.e. מוּזָנִים; Qr מְיֻזָּנִים from יזן q.v.) well-fed horses, fig. of adulteres; Dl^{Pr 73 f.} comp. Assyrian zanânu, be full (i.e. of sexual desire).

† מָזוֹן n.m. food, sustenance (so Talm Biblical Aramaic Syriac)—בָּר וָלֶחֶם וּמָזוֹן Gn 45:23 (Di ‘מ׳ rather an Aramaic word; perhaps later gloss for orig. צֵדָה v 21; 42:25’); הַמָּזוֹן לָרֹב 2 Ch 11:23.

זוֹנָה v. זנה.

† זוּעַ vb. tremble, quake (Aramaic (incl. Biblical Aramaic) id., ܙܳܥ; cf. also Arabic زَاع impel, زَعْزَعَ move, agitate, shake (on these v. Nö^{ZMG 1886, 725}), Assyrian zû, storm-wind (= Aramaic זוֹעָא) Zim^{BP 94});—

Qal (late) Pf. 3 ms. זָע Est 5:9; Impf. 3 mpl. c. rel. שֶׁיָּזֻעוּ Ec 12:3;—tremble, quake, in presence of powerful superior Est 5:9 (sq. מִמֶּנּוּ); said of שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת in descr. of infirm old man Ec 12:3.

Pilp. Pt. sf. מְזַעְזְעֶיךָ Hb 2:7; causat. and intens. they that shall violently shake thee, fig. of foes of Babylon, instruments of Yahweh’s judgment.

† זְוָעָה and, by transpos., זַעֲוָה (Di Dt 28:25 cf. Sta^{§ 192 a}) n.f. a trembling, i.e. object of trembling, terror: זְוָעָה Is 28:19, also Kt Je 15:4 + 4 times; זַעֲוָה Dt 28:25 Ez 23:46 (also Qr Je 15:4 + 4 times);—object of trembling, terror, fright; וְהָיִיתָ לְזַעֲוָה Dt 28:25 and thou shalt become a terror to all (לְכֹל) the kingdoms of the earth; וּנְתַתִּים לְז׳ וגו׳ Je 15:4; 29:18; 34:17 (‖ לְאָלָה וּלְשַׁמָּה וְלִשְׁרֵקָה וּלְחֶרְפָּה), also וּנְתַתִּים לְז׳ וגו׳ 24:9 (‖ לְחֶרְפָּה וּלְמָשָׁל לִשְׁנִינָה וְלִקְלָלָה), Ez 23:46 2 Ch 29:8.

† זִיעַ n.pr.m. a Gadite, 1 Ch 5:13, 𝔊 Ζουε, Ζεα.

† זַעֲוָן n.pr.m. a Horite Gn 36:27 = 1 Ch 1:42.

† I. [זוּר] vb. be a stranger (Arabic زَارَ (med. و incline toward, repair to, visit; ii. honour as visitor or guest; ix. decline, turn aside; زَاىِٔرٌ visitor; Aramaic זוּר, often = Heb. סוּר turn aside, turn aside to visit)—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. זֹר֫וּ ψ 58:4 (Kö^{i 445}), זָ֫רוּ ψ 78:30 Jb 19:13; Pt. זָר Ex 30:33 + 27 times; f. זָרָה Ex 30:9 + 7 times; mpl. זָרִים Ho 5:7 + 30 times; fpl. זָרוֹת Pr 22:14; 23:33; sf. זָרָ֑יִךְ Is 29:5; 1. Pf. become estranged ψ 58:4, c. מן from Jb 19:13 ψ 78:30. 2. Pt. as adj. strange, or as noun stranger: a. to the family, of another household, אִישׁ זָר Dt 25:5, elsewhere זָר 1 K 3:18 Jb 19:15 Pr 6:1; 11:15; 20:16; 27:13; זָרִים ψ 109:11 Pr 5:10, 17; בנים זרים, children of another household than God’s Ho 5:7; especially of another family than priests’ אִישׁ זֶר Lv 22:12 (H) Nu 17:5 (P); זָר Lv 22:10, 13 (H) Ex 29:33; 30:33 Nu 3:10, 38; 18:7 (P); not belonging to the tribe of Levi, Nu 1:51; 18:4 (P). b. to the person, another Jb 19:27 Pr 14:10; 27:2; זָרָה (אִשָּׁה) strange woman, harlot Pr 2:16; 5:3, 20; 7:5; 22:14; 23:33. c. to the land, foreign, זָרִים foreigners (as such usually enemies) Ho 7:9; 8:7 Is 1:7^(×2); 25:2, 5; 29:5; 61:5 Je 5:19; 30:8; 51:2, 51 La 5:2 Ez 7:21; 11:9; 16:32; 28:7, 10; 30:12; 31:12 Jo 4:17 Ob 11 Jb 15:19 ψ 54:5; אֵל זָר foreign god ψ 44:21; 81:10 = זָר Is 43:12; so זָרִים Dt 32:16 and (in fig.) Je 2:25; 3:13; מַיִם זָרִים foreign waters 2 K 19:24 Je 18:14; זְמֹרַת זָר Is 17:10 vine-slip of a stranger; כְּמוֹ־זָר נֶחְשָׁ֑בוּ Ho 8:12 they are regarded as foreign; מַעֲשֵׂהוּ זָר Is 28:21 his work is foreign (as if dealing with enemies). d. strange to the law; קְטֹרֶת זָרָה strange incense Ex 30:9 (P); אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire Lv 10:1 Nu 3:4; 26:61 (P).

Niph. Pf. נָזֹ֫רוּ Is 1:4 Ez 14:5; be estranged Is 1:4, pregn., sq. אָחוֹר (cf. RV); מֵעַל Ez 14:5.

Hoph. Pt. מוּזָר estranged ψ 69:9.

† II. [זוּר, זִיר] vb. be loathsome, Bö^{§ 1142} (Arabic ذَارَ fastidivit, abhorruit; Assyrian zâru, hate Impf. izîru, Dl^{Pr 65} Schr^{COT Gloss})—only

Qal 3 fs. זָ֫רָה Jb 19:17 רוּחִי זָ֫רָה לְאִשְׁתִּי my breath is loathsome to my wife (וְחַנֹּתִי לְ in ‖ cl.); > most, who derive from i. זוּר, become strange and so repugnant.

† זָרָא n.[f.] loathsome thing, עַד אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא מֵאַפְּכֶם וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְזָרָא Nu 11:20 (JE) and it (the flesh) become to you a loathsome thing (𝔊 εἰς χολέραν, 𝔙 in nauseam), prob. err. for זָרָה (Sam.)

† III. [זוּר] vb. press down and out (Aramaic זִיר press together, Syriac ܙܘܰܪ, ܙܳܪ compress; cf. Arabic زَيَّرَ twist the lip of a beast)—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. זֹ֫רוּ Is 1:6 (pass.; > √ זרר, Arabic زَرَّ draw forcibly together Ol^{§ 233c, 2451} Kö^{i 333}); Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫וַר Ju 6:38, 3 fs. sf. תְּזוּרֶהָ Jb 39:15; Pt. pass. f. זוּרֶה (= זוּרָה Ges^{§ 80 i}) Is 59:5;—press (twist or wring) out a fleece Ju 6:38; not pressed out, of sore (fig. of continued disaster) Is 1:6; press under foot an egg, Jb 39:15 (‖ דּוּשׁ), Is 59:5 (pass.)

† זֵר n.m. circlet, border (orig. that which presses, binds, cf. also Aramaic ܙܺܝܪܳܐ bracelet, זִירָא wreath, crown, NH זִיר id., זִירָה ring, wrestler’s ring; others from a √ זרר)—זֵר זָהָב Ex 25:11, 24, 25; 30:3; 37:2, 11, 12, 26; זֵרוֹ Ex 30:4; 37:27 (all P).

† זַרְזִיר adj. girded, girt (cf. Ba^{NB 206})—only cstr. Pr 30:31 זַרְזִיר מָתְנַיִם אוֹ־תָ֑יִשׁ that which is girt in the loins, etc., named with lion, he-goat, and king, as stately in motion. Perhaps = gray-hound Ew Bö De al., or war-horse Bo Ges Hi al.; Vrss. cock, Talm. raven, v. De Now (NH זַרְזִיר starling (war-horse only in interpr. of Pr 30:31), Aramaic ܙܰܪܙܺܝܪܳܐ; Lexx. also ܙܰܪܙܽܘܪܳܐ starling, in Arabic زُرْزُورٌ, perhaps loan-wd. Others der. from a √ זרר, v. supr.)

† I. מָזוֹר n.[m.] wound (as needing to have its matter pressed out)—fig. of injury to, or sufferings of, Isr. and Judah: מָזוֹר Ho 5:13 also Je 30:13 (Gf Che RVm; but accents Ew Ges Gie AV RV for pressing, i.e. binding up); מְזֹרוֹ Ho 5:13 (cf. III. זור Is 1:6).—מָזוֹר Ob 7 v. sub מזר.

† זָזָא v. sub זוז.

† [זָחַח] vb. remove, displace (Arabic زَخَّ push, thrust away; comp. also Aramaic זוּחַ, ܙܳܚ move, move away (intrans.))—

Niph. Impf. וְלֹא־יִזַּח הַחֹשֶׁן מֵעַל הָאֵפוֹד Ex 28:28 and that the breast-piece be not displaced etc., 39:21 (both P).

† I. [זָחַל] vb. shrink back, crawl away (Aramaic זְחַל crawl (also drap, drip, of water: so NH זָחַל), זָחֵיל worm; Syriac ܙܳܚܠܴܐ locust (as crawling); Arabic زَحَلَ withdraw, retire to a distance (v. Lane, Wetzst in De ^{Hiob 2, 428}), and Sab. זחֿל withdraw, humble oneself DHM^{ZMG 1875, 610})—

Qal only Pt. pl. cstr. זֹחֲלֵי Dt 32:24 Mi 7:17;—crawl, of reptiles (pt.) זֹחֲלֵי עָפָר Dt 32:24 i.e. serpents (as poisonous), instruments of Yahweh’s judgment on Isr.; ז׳ ארץ Mi 7:17 id. (as crawling into the earth to hide), sim. of nations in fear of י׳.

† זֹחֶ֫לֶת n.f. meaning dub.; perhaps crawling thing, serpent (We^{Skizzen iii. 171} cites Arabic Zuḫal = Saturn, in connex. with 1 K 1:9; cf. Lane & Wetzst in De ^{Hiob 2, 428} on view that Zuḫal = he who withdraws, because of planet Saturn’s remoteness)—only c. art., in design. loc. עִם אֶבֶן הַזֹּחֶלֶת 1 K 1:9 (cf. אֶבֶן ad fin.)

† II. [זָחַל] vb. fear, be afraid (Aramaic דְּחַל ܕܚܶܠ; cf. Arabic ذَحْلٌ rancour, malevolence; Nö^{ZMG 1886, 741})—only

Qal Pf. 1 s. זָחַלְתִּי Jb 32:6 therefore I feared (‖ וָאִירָא); > most, who derive from I. זָחַל = shrink away in fear, hold back (RV), cf. 𝔗 אִסְתְּפִיתִי Fl ChWB ^{ii. 571}.

† [זִיד, זוּד] vb. boil up, seethe, act proudly, presumptuously, rebelliously (NH Hiph. הזיד as Heb.; Aramaic of Zinjirli זד presumptuous, DHM^{Sendsch. 56}; Arabic زَادَ (med. ى) increase, exceed, exaggerate, e.g. in talk; also Sab. n.pr. זיד (زَيْد) DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 44} זידאל Id. ^{ib. 52} (on distinct. betw. זוד and זיד in Sab. v. Sab.Denkm. ⁶⁴); perhaps also Sab. מזדודן great one, prince, e.g. SabDenkm ⁸⁹)—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. זָ֫דָה Je 50:29; 3 pl. זָ֫דוּ Ex 18:11;—of Egyptians, בַּדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר זָדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם Ex 18:11 (E) in the matter as to which they acted presumptuously against them; of Babylon, אֶל־י׳ זָדָה Je 50:29 against י׳ hath she acted presumptuously.

Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הֵזִידוּ Ne 9:10 + 2 times; Impf. 3 ms. יָזִיד Dt 18:20, יָזִד Ex 21:14; וַיָּ֫זֶד Gn 25:29; 3 mpl. יְזִידוּן Dt 17:13; 2 mpl. וַתָּזִדוּ Dt 1:43; 1. boil, seethe, trans., וַיָּ֫זֶד יַעֲקֹב נָזִיד Gn 25:29 and Jacob boiled pottage. 2. act presumptuously, insolently, Ex 21:14 (JE) כִּי יָזִד אִישׁ עַל־רֵעֵהוּ לְהָרְגוֹ בְעָרְמָה when a man acteth presumptuously against his neighbour to slay him; usually against י׳; sq. vb. fin. Dt 1:43 and ye acted presumptuously and went up; sq. inf. 18:20 the prophet who shall presume to speak a word in my name; also abs. 17:13; elsewhere only Ne; of Egyptians 9:10 sq. עַל (= Qal Ex 18:11); abs. v 16 (‖ וַיַּקְשׁוּ אֶת־עָרְפָּם וְלֹא שָֽׁמְעוּ וגו׳); v 29 (‖ וְלֹא שָֽׁמְעוּ וגו׳).

† זֵד adj. insolent, presumptuous:—ז׳ Pr 21:24; pl. זֵדִים Je 43:2 + 11 times;—always masc., and always of opposition to י׳, wickedness; with qualified noun expressed, only הָאֲנָשִׁים הַזֵּדִים Je 43:2, of opponents of Jerem.; elsewhere used substantively, as term. techn. for godless, rebellious men; once sg. זֵד יָהִיר לֵץ שְׁמוֹ Pr 21:24 a haughty, insolent one, scorner is his name (‖ עוֹשֶׂה בְּעֶבְרַת זָדוֹן); usually pl. Is 13:11 (גְּאוֹן ז׳; ‖ גַּאֲוַת עָרִיצִים); Mal 3:13 (‖ עֹשֵׂי רִשְׁעָה), v Mal 3:19 (‖ עֹשֵׁה רִשְׁעָה); and in ψ 86:14 (‖ עָרִיצִים), 119:21 (‖ הַשֹּׁגִים מִמִּצְוֹתֶיךָ), v 51, 69, 78, 85, 122; so prob. also ψ 19:14 גַּם מִזֵּדִים חֲשׂךְ עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ also from presumptuous men hold back thy servant (Ew Ol Hup CheRVm); >presumptuous sins De al. (AV RV).

† זָדוֹן n.m. ^{Pr 11:2} insolence, presumptuousness (on format. cf. Lag^{BN 204, Anm.}), abs. ז׳ Dt 17:12 + 7 times; cstr. זְדוֹן Je 49:16 Ob 3; sf. זְדֹנְךָ 1 S 17:28;—

1. insolence, presumption toward men; affirmed of David by Eliab 1 S 17:28 (‖ רֹעַ לְבָבֶ֑ךָ); usually

2. of presumptuous godlessness (cf. זוּד, זֵד), exhibited in disobedience to priest or judge Dt 17:12; in false prediction 18:22; in gen. Pr 11:2 (opp. צְנוּעִים), 13:10; עֶבְרַת ז׳ Pr 21:24 (cf. זֵד); ז׳ לִבֶּ֑ךָ Je 46:16 (= Ob 3) presumption of thine heart; of Babylon personif. under fig. of ז׳ Je 50:31, 32; dub. is פָּרַח הַזּ׳ Ez 7:10 insolence hath blossomed (preceded by צָץ הַמַּטֶּה) i.e. either of Isr. as demanding punishment, or of Babylon as instr. of punishment.

† [זֵידוֹן] adj. insolent, raging, only pl. and fig. הַמַּיִם הַזֵּידוֹנִים ψ 124:5.

† נָזִיד n.[m.] thing sodden or boiled, pottage; abs. נ׳ Gn 25:29 + 4 times; cstr. נְזִיד Gn 25:34;—a kind of boiled leguminous food, obj. of וַיָּ֫זֶד Gn 25:29 (v. זוּד Hiph.); defined v 34 as נְזִיד עֲדָשִׁים (v. עדשׁ); obj. of בַּשֵּׁל 2 K 4:38; boiled in a סִיר v 39 cf. v 40; mentioned, appar. as a common food, Hg 2:12.

זִיז, זִיזָא, זִיזָה v. sub I. זוז.

זִיזָא v. זִיזָה sub I. זוז.

† זִינָא n.pr.m. 1 Ch 23:10 = זִיזָה v 11 q.v.

זִיעַ v. sub זוע.

† זִיף n.pr.

1. n.pr.loc. a. city S.E. from Hebron, Jos 15:55 1 Ch 2:42 2 Ch 11:8, mod. Tell Zîf; Rob^{BR i. 492, 498} Guérin ^{Judée iii. 159 ff.}: מִדְבַּר־ז׳ 1 S 23:14, 15; 26:2^(×2); c. ה loc., זִ֫יפָה 1 S 23:24. b. city of southern Judah Jos 15:24, site unknown.

2. n.pr.m. a son of יְהַלֶּלְאֵל of Judah 1 Ch 4:16, whether related to n.pr.loc. supr. does not appear. 𝔊 Ζαφα, Ζιφ(αι). (1 Ch 2:42 v. supr.)

† [זִיפִי] adj.gent. of זִיף 1. a; only mpl. as n.pr.gent. זִפִים 1 S 23:19; 26:1; זִיפִים ψ 54:2 (title).

† זִיפָה n.pr.m. a son of יְהַלֶּלְאֵל 1 Ch 4:16 (זִיף וְזִיפָה (𝔊 Ζαιρα, Ζ(α)ιφα), cf. זִיף supr.)

זִיקוֹת v. i. [זֵק].

זִיר v. זור.

† זַ֫יִת n.m. ^{ψ 52:10} olive-tree, olive (NH id.; Aramaic ܙܰܝܬܳܐ, זֵיתָא; Ethiopic ዘይት Arabic زَيْتُونٌ olive-tree, olive, زَيْتٌ olive-oil; v. Lag^{M iii. 215 ff.} Hom^{Aufsätze. u. Abh., 1892, 94, 99 ff.}; √ dub.; Thes and most der. from assumed זהה be bright, fresh, luxuriant (v. sub זִו) + ת afformat. which is then treated as radical, cf. Sta^{§ 187 a}; but this not certain, cf. Ol^{§ 119 b. 142 a}; according to Lag^{Armen. Stud. § 1347}; ז׳ is Armen. loan-word, v. also Lag^Ml.c.; Lag^{BN 219, Anm.});—abs. ז׳ Gn 8:11, cstr. זֵית Dt 8:8 2 K 18:32; sf. זֵיתְךָ Dt 24:20, זֵיתֶ֑ךָ Ex 23:11 Dt 28:40; pl. זֵיתִים Dt 6:11, etc.;—

1. olive-tree Ju 9:8, 9 (personif., in Jotham’s fable), Ho 14:7 (sim. of beauty), Jb 15:33 (as casting off its flowers, sim. of wicked man); in 2 S 15:23 ins. הַזּ׳ אֲשֶׁר (before הַמִּדְבָּר, read בַּמּ׳) 𝔊L Dr; also pl. of two olive-trees Zc 4:3, 11; ז׳ רַעֲנָן ψ 52:10 fresh, (thriving) olive-tree (sim. of prosperity), so Je 11:16; עֲלֵה־ז׳ Gn 8:11 (J) olive-branch, spring, cf. Ne 8:15 (here + עֲלֵי עֵץ־שֶׁמֶן, etc.); also pl. שְׁתִלֵי זֵיתִים ψ 128:3 olive-shoots (sim. of children); שִׁבֲּלֵי זֵיתִים Zc 4:12 olive-branches (in Zech.’s vision); זַיִת in representative or coll. sense, = olive-trees, groups of growing olive-trees, as property, source of wealth, olive-yards Ex 23:11 (JE; + כֶּרֶם), Ju 15:5 (+ id.); עֵץ־הַזַּיִת Hg 2:19 (+ הַגֶּפֶן וְהַתְּאֵנָה וְהָרִמּוֹן); also in phr. כִּחֵשׁ מַעֲשֵׂה־זַיִת Hb 3:17 the bearing, yield, of olive-trees (‖ וּשְׁדֵמוֹת לֹא־עָשָׂה אֹכֶל cf. also תְּאֵנָה and גֶּפֶן יְבוּל v a); specif. זֵית שֶׁמֶן, oil-yielding olive-trees Dt 8:8 cf. 2 K 18:32; נֹקֶף ז׳ striking or beating of olive-trees Is 17:6; 24:13 (sim. of desolation at judgment of י׳), cf. כִּי תַחְבֹּט זֵיתְךָ Dt 24:20; rather more often pl.; Am 4:9 (‖ גַּנּוֹת, כְּרָמִים, תְּאֵנִים), 1 S 8:14 (‖ שָׂדוֹת, כְּרָמִים), cf. also Dt 6:11; 28:40a Jos 24:13 2 K 5:26 1 Ch 27:28 Ne 5:11; 9:25.

2. of fruit of olive-tree, olives: Dt 28:40b (c. שֶׁמֶן); תִּדְרֹךְ זַיִת Mi 6:15 (‖ שֶׁמֶן); also שֶׁמֶן זַיִת olive-oil Ex 27:20; 30:24 (P) Lv 24:2 (P).

3. in designations of place: מַעֲלֵה הַזֵּיתִים 2 S 15:30 the ascent of the olive-trees (𝔊 ἐν τῇ ἀναβάσει τῶν ἐλαιῶν = Mount of Olives); הַר־הַזֵּיתִים Zc 14:4^(×2) (𝔊 τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν); the well-known hill E. of Jerus. (NT usually as Zc 14:4 𝔊, e.g. Mk 13:3; cf. also הָהָר 1 K 11:7 Ez 11:33 Ne 8:15; 𝔗 טוּר זֵיתַיָּא 2 K 23:13 cf. 2 S 15:30 Zc 14:4 etc.; 𝔗 Ct 8:5 טוּר מִשְׁחָא, and so Talm etc.)

† זֵיתָן n.pr.m. (? olive-tree)—a Benjamite 1 Ch 7:10, 𝔊 Ζαιθαν, 𝔊L Ζηθα.

† זֵתָם n.pr.m. (sub זית in Thes, = foregoing)—a Levite (Gershonite) 1 Ch 23:8, appar. son of לַעְדָּן and brother of יְחִיאֵל and יוֹאֵל; 26:22 appar. grandson of לַעְדָּן, and son of יְחִיאֵלִי (expressly called brother of יוֹאֵל); 𝔊 Ζεθομ, Ζοθομ, 𝔊L Ζηθαν.

זָךְ, זַךְ v. sub זכך.

† [זָכָה] vb. be clear, clean, pure, always in moral sense (Assyrian zakû Zim^BP; Aramaic דְּכָא, ܕܟܳܐ, ܕܟܺܝ; cf. Arabic ذَكَا be bright (of a fire), pungent (of an odour); be acute, quick of mind)—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִזְכֶּה Jb 15:14; 25:4; 2 ms. תִּזְכֶּה ψ 51:6; 1 s. interrog. הַאֶזְכֶּה Mi 6:11;— 1. be clean, pure, of man, in the sight of God, Jb 15:14; 25:4 (in both ‖ יצדק; cf. also זַכּוּ 15:15; 25:5). 2. be clear, be justified = be regarded as just, righteous, of God, ψ 51:6 (‖ תצדק), Mi 6:11.

Pi. Pf. 1 s. זִכִּיתִי ψ 73:13 Pr 20:9; Impf. יְזַכֶּה־ ψ 119:9:—make or keep clean, pure, obj. לְבָבִי ψ 73:13 (‖ אֶרְחַץ כַּפָּ֑י), obj. לִבִּי Pr 20:9 (‖ טָהַרְתִּי); obj. אֶת־אָרְחוֹ ψ 119:9.

Hithp. Imv. m.pl. הִזַּכּוּ Is 1:16 make yourselves clean (‖ רַחֲצוּ);—on form cf. Ges^{§ 54, 2, b, Rem.} Kö^{Lgb. i, 345, 534} Sta^{§ 129 d}.

זְכוֹכִית v. sub זכך.

† [זָכַךְ] vb. be bright, clean, pure (kindred with foregoing. Only La Jb)—

Qal Pf. only 3 mpl. זַכּ֫וּ;— 1. be bright, shining, fig. of splendour of nobles ז׳ נְזִירִים מִשֶּׁלֶג La 4:7 (‖ צַחוּ מֵחָלָב). 2. be clean, pure in God’s sight, of heavens Jb 15:15, of stars 25:5 (‖ יַאֲהִיל of moon; cf. also יִזְכֶּה 15:14; 25:4).

Hiph. cleanse, only Pf. 1 s. וַהֲזִכּוֹתִי בְּבֹר כַּפָּֽי ׃ Jb 9:30, fig. of making morally spotless (‖ הִתְרָחַצְתִּי).

† זַךְ adj. pure, clean; abs. זַךְ Jb 8:6 + 5 times; זָ֛ךְ Ex 27:20 Lv 24:2; f. זַכָּה Ex 30:34 + 2 times;—

1. lit., pure, i.e. unmixed, free from foreign substances, of olive oil Ex 27:20 Lv 24:2, of frankincense Ex 30:34 Lv 24:7 (all P and H).

2. fig., pure, clean, righteous (only Jb Pr):—of man Jb 8:6 (‖ יָשָׁר); 33:9 (+ בְּלִי פָ֑שַׁע; ‖ חַף) as subst. = the pure, righteous וְזַךְ יָשָׁר פָּעֳלוֹ Pr 21:8 (opp. וָזָר֑ q.v.); of mode of life כָּל־דַּרְכֵי־אִישׁ זַךְ בְּעֵינָיו Pr 16:2; of mode of action (פָּעֳלוֹ) 20:11 (‖ יָשָׁר); of doctrine (לִקְחִי) Jb 11:4 (‖ בַּר הייתי); of prayer 16:17 (‖ לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י).

† זְכוֹכִית n.[f.] glass (𝔗 זכוכיתא; but v. Frä⁶⁴); as precious (‖ זָהָב), yet of less value than wisdom Jb 28:17. (Baer as above; זְכוּכִית van d. H., al.)

† זַכַּי n.pr.m. head of a family of returned exiles, זַכָּ֔י Ezr 2:9 (𝔊 Ζακχου, 𝔊L Ζακχαιου) = Ne 7:14 (𝔊 Ζαθου, A Ζακχουρ, 𝔊L Ζακχαιου); perhaps = זַכַּי Ne 3:20 q.v.; 𝔊 Ζαβ(ρ)ου, 𝔊L Ραββαι. Nes (privately) suggests that this might be abbrev. from זכריה.

† זָכַר vb. remember (Assyrian zikâru, name, mention, cf. n. zikru, Hptin KAT^{2Gloss. i} Lyon^Sarg; Zinj. זכר, Arabic ذَكَرَ, Aramaic דְּכַר, ܕܟܰܪ, Palm. דרכנא monument, Vog^{No. 36 b}, דכיר memorial, Vog^{No. 62}, Sab. in n.pr. ידֿכראל DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 43}, but Ethiopic ዘከረ )—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. ז׳ Gn 40:23 +; 3 fs. זָֽכְרָה La 1:7, 9; 2 ms. וְזָכַרְתָּ֫ Dt 5:15 +; sf. זְכַרְתַּנִי Gn 40:14 cf. 1 S 1:11, זְכַרְתָּם ψ 86:6; 2 fs. זָכַרְתְּ Is 47:7; 57:11 cf. 17:10 + Ez 16:22, 43 Qr (both Kt זכרתי), וְזָכַרְתְּ consec. Ez 16:61; 3 pl. זָֽכְרוּ Ju 8:34 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִזְכֹּר Ho 8:13 +; יִזְכָּר־ 2 S 14:11 Pr 31:7; וַיִּזְכֹּר Gn 8:1 +; sf. וַיִּזְכְּרֶהָ 1 S 1:19; 2 fs. תִּזְכְּרִי Is 54:4 + 2 times; 1 s. אֶזְכֹּר Lv 26:42^(×2) Is 43:25 (ψ 77:12 Qr v. infra), אֶזְכָּר־ Je 31:34, וָאֶזְכֹּר Ex 6:5; sf. 2 ms. אֶזְכָּרְךָ ψ 42:7, sf. 2 fs. אֶזְכְּרֵכִי ψ 137:6 (v. Ges^{§ 58, 3, R, 1} Sta^{§§ 356, a, 2, 634 a, 2}), etc.; Imv. ms. זְכֹר Ex 32:13 +; זְכָר־ ψ 25:7 +; זָכְרָה Ne 6:14 +; sf. זָכְרֵנִי Ju 16:28 + 2 times; mpl. זִכְרוּ Is 46:9 +, זְכֹ֑רוּ Ne 4:8; Inf. abs. זָכוֹר Ex 13:3 +; זָכֹר Je 31:30 +; cstr. לִזְכֹּר Gn 9:16 Ez 23:19, etc.; sf. כְּזָכְרֵנִי ψ 137:1; Pt. act. pl. cstr. וּלְזֹכְרֵי ψ 103:18; זָכוּר ψ 103:14 v. infr.— I. human subj. 1. remember, recall, call to mind, usually as affecting present feeling, thought, or action: a. remember past experiences (acc.) Gn 42:9 (E), 2 K 9:25 absol. imv. זְכֹר; sq. cl. with מִי Jb 4:7; things formerly known (acc.) Je 17:2; sq. cl. with כִּי Ju 9:2; with implied regret, longing Nu 11:5 (JE), ψ 42:5; 137:1 La 1:7 cf. ψ 77:7, neg. 137:6 (‖ שׁכח v 5); †so (sq. בְּ) Je 3:16 (‖ עלה על לב and פקד). b. recall past distress, etc.; obj. not expressed, La 3:20 (זכור זכר), Jb 11:16 (שׁכה in ‖ cl.); neg., sq. acc. Is 54:4 (‖ שׁכח), Pr 31:7 (‖ id.). c. remember sins, (1) to repent of them Dt 9:7 (+ אל־תשׁכח, sq. cl. with את־אשׁר), elsewhere only Ezek., usually c. acc. Ez 16:61 (+ וְנִכְלַמְתְּ), v 63 (obj. not expressed), 20:43; 36:21; (2) to renew and repeat them Ez 23:19, neg. v 27. d. especially remember the dealings of י׳, expressed in great variety of terms in acc., Dt 7:18; 8:2; 24:9; 32:7 (‖ בין), Is 46:9; 63:11 ψ 77:12 Qr (Kt Hiph. q.v.) v 12; 105:5; 143:5 (‖ הגיתי, אֲשׂוֹחֵחַ) 1 Ch 16:12; negatively, Is 43:18 (‖ אַל תִּתְבֹּנָ֑נוּ), Ez 16:22, 43 ψ 78:42; 106:7 Ne 9:17 (‖ וַיְמָאֲנוּ לִשְׁמֹעַ); obj. cl. with כִּי especially D, Dt 5:15; 15:15; 16:12; 24:18, 22 ψ 78:35. 2. remember persons (human subj.), a. to their advantage:—sq. acc. Gn 40:14 (E), v 23 (E; neg., ‖ שׁבח), 1 S 25:31. b. to make use of them (acc.) Na 2:6. c. their acts (acc.), to their advantage 2 Ch 24:22, to their disadvantage 2 S 19:20 (neg.); to take vengeance Dt 25:17. d. remember human obligations, acc. rei: בְּרִית אַחִים Am 1:9; cf. perhaps Est 2:1 (acc. pers. and also of deed); neg. Ec 9:15 (acc. pers.), ψ 109:16 (sq. עשׂזת חסד). 3. remember י׳: a. call him to mind 2 S 14:11 (i.e. recall a specific command of his). b. recall, and (especially) keep י׳ in mind Dt 8:18 Je 51:50 Is 64:4 (‖ עשׂה צדק), Ez 6:9 Zc 10:9 Jo 2:8 ψ 42:7; 63:7 (‖ אהגה), 77:4 Ne 4:8; negatively Ju 8:34 Is 17:10 (opp. שׁכח), 57:11 (‖ לֹא שַׂמְתְּ עַל־לִבֵּךְ); cf. also ז׳ אֶת־בּוֹרְאֶ֑ךָ Ec 12:1, and (no obj. expressed) ψ 22:28 (+ וישׁובו אל י׳); remember י׳’s name ψ 119:55. 4. remember: a. words of Moses Jos 1:13 (D) Mal 3:22; י׳’s instructions through prophet Is 44:21; 46:48 (‖ השׁיבו על לב), also Mi 6:5 (sq. cl. with מה). b. commandments of י׳ (so as to do them) Nu 15:39 (P, or H), v 40 (P; + ועשׂיתם), ψ 103:18 (+ לעשׂותם), 119:52 (משׁפטים); his covenant 1 Ch 16:15. 5. think of or on, call to mind something present or future;—sq. acc., issue of conduct Is 47:7, La 1:9 (end of Jerusalem); fight with crocodile Jb 40:32; obj. a general truth, prosperity of wicked Jb 21:6 (obj. not expr.); (fleeting) days of life Ec 5:19; (coming) days of darkness, 11:8; a duty Jb 36:24 (sq. cl. with כִּי). 6. remember a day, to observe, commemorate it:—day of Exodus Ex 13:3 (J) Dt 16:3; sabbath Ex 20:8 (E; ‖ שׂמר Dt 5:12). 7. remember, with implied mention of, obj. י׳ Je 20:9 (‖ דִּבֶּר בִּשְׁמוֹ); מַשָּׂא י׳ 23:36. II. Subj. י׳ (אלהים). 1. remember persons: a. individuals, with kindness, granting requests, protecting, delivering etc., c. acc. pers., Gn 30:22 (E), 1 S 1:11 (opp. שׁכח), v 19, Ju 16:28 (sq. וְחַזְּקֵנִי); Je 15:15 (‖ פָּקְדֵנִי), ψ 106:4 (‖ id.), Jb 14:13 (+ תשׁית לי חק), also Gn 8:1 (P), 19:29 (P); neg. ψ 88:6 (‖ מידך נִגְזָר֑וּ); sq. לְ pers. ψ 25:7 (yet cf. Che); sq. acc. rei + לְ pers. (dat. commod.) Ne 5:19; 13:14, 22, 31. b. individuals, to punish, sq. לְ pers. Ne 6:14; 13:29. c. his servants, people, the afflicted, (graciously) sq. לְ Ex 32:13 (JE), Dt 9:27 ψ 136:23; sq. acc. ψ 9:13 (opp. שׁכח), 74:2; 115:12 (sq. יְבָרֵךְ); cf. Je 31:20 (זכור זכר). d. his land Lv 26:42 (H), and neg. La 2:1 (his footstool). e. mankind ψ 8:5 (‖ פקד). 2. a. remember the distress of his servants, La 3:19 (sq. cl. with מה), 5:1 (‖ הַבִּיטָ֯ וּרְאֵה). b. their devotion, acc., ψ 20:4 Je 2:2 (+ לְ pers.), ψ 132:1 (+ id.); sq. cl. with את אשׁר 2 K 20:3 = Is 38:3. c. their intercession Je 18:20 (sq. inf. c. sf.) 3. a. remember his own covenant (with them), acc., Gn 9:15, 16 Ex 2:24: 6:25 (all P), Lv 26:42^(×2) (H, as also) v 45 (+ לְ pers.); Je 14:21 (+ אַל־תָּפֵר), Ez 16:60 ψ 105:8, cf. v 42 (obj. דְּבַר קָדְשׁוֹ), and 119:49 Ne 1:8, ψ 106:45 (+ לְ pers.), 111:5. b. his mercy, etc., acc., ψ 25:6; 98:3 2 Ch 6:42 (ל); also Hb 3:2. c. extenuating circumstances, sq. cl. with בִּי, Jb 7:7; 10:9 ψ 78:39; 103:14 (זָכוּר bethinketh him, Che, cf. De Kö^{§ 20, 14} Ba^{NB 175}); also ψ 89:48 (sq. אֲנִי + epex. cl. with מה). 4. remember sins, idolatries etc., sq. acc., Ho 7:2; 8:13 (‖ פקד), 9:9 (‖ id.), Je 14:10 (‖ id.); neg. Je 44:21 (‖ עלה על לבו), Is 43:25; 64:8 ψ 25:7; 79:8 (+ לְ pers.); sq. לְ Je 31:34; also (obj. reproach) ψ 74:18, 22; 89:51; and (obj. day of Jerusalem) ψ 137:7 (+ לִבְנֵי אֱדוֹם, i.e. against them).

Niph. Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וְנִזְכַּרְתֶּם Nu 10:9; Impf. 3 ms. יִזָּכֵר Je 11:19 +; 3 fs. תִּזָּכֵר Ez 25:10, (תִּזָּכָר Ex 34:19 read הַזָּכָר v. זָכָר); 2 fs. תִּזָּכֵ֑רִי Is 23:16 Ez 21:37; 3 mpl. יִזָּֽכְדוּ Ho 2:19 +; 3 fpl. תִּזָּכַרְנָה Is 65:17 +; תִּזָּכַרְןָ Ez 3:20; Inf. cstr. sf. הִזָּכֶרְכֶם Ez 21:29 (om. 𝔖 Co); Pt. pl. נִזְכָּרִים Est 9:28.— 1. be brought to remembrance, remembered, thought of, usually c. neg.:— a. in general, subj. Baalim Ho 2:19 (+ בִּשְׁמָם), cf. Zc 13:2 (‖ אכרית); former heaven and earth Is 65:17 (‖ עלה על לב); (wicked) dead Jb 24:20 (‖ ישׁכחהו v a); coral (not to be thought of [others, be mentioned] in comparison with wisdom) Jb 28:18; of attention paid to Tyre under fig. of harlot Is 23:16 (opp. נשׁכחה). b. brought to י׳’s remembrance, subj. the people, (1) with gracious result Nu 10:9 (P; לפני י׳, ‖ וְנוֹשַׁעְתֶּם); (2) for judgment Ez 21:29 (om. 𝔖 Co). c. be remembered by י׳, neg. of deeds, as affecting י׳’s judgment, (1) righteous Ez 3:20; 18:24; 33:13 (sq. לְ of advantage, according to Co); (2) wicked 18:22 (sq. לְ, om. A B 𝔙 etc., Co) 33:16 (sq. לְ). d. be remembered אֶל־י׳ ψ 109:14 (‖ אַל־תִּמָּ֑ח). 2. neg. be not remembered = no longer exist, of name of Israel, as nation Je 11:19 (‖ נכרת), ψ 83:5 (‖ נַכְחִידֵם מִגּוֹי); of Ammonites Ez 21:37; 25:10. 3. be remembered, of particular days, in order to be observed, commemorated, Est 9:28 (sq. וְנַעֲשִׂים observe, celebrate).

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִזְכִּיר Is 49:1; 2 ms. sf. 1 s. זְהִזְכַּרְתַּנִי consec. Gn 40:14; Impf. 3 ms. יַזְכִּיר Is 19:17; 1 s. אַזְכִּיר Ex 20:24 +, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. 1 s. הַזְכִּירֵנִי Is 43:26; mpl. הַזְכִּירוּ Is 12:4 Je 4:16; Inf. cstr. (ל)הַזְכִּיר 2 S 18:18 +; sf. 3 ms. כְּהַזְכִּירוֹ 1 S 4:18; sf. 2 mpl. הַזְכַּרְכֶם Ez 21:29 (cf. Sta^{§ 245} Kö^{§ 29, 11}); Pt. מַזְכִּיר Gn 41:9 +, etc.; fs. מַזְכֶּרֶת Nu 5:15;— 1. cause to remember, remind, c. acc. pers. Is 43:26. 2. cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance, c. acc. rei, a person’s name 2 S 18:18 ψ 45:18; of י׳, causing his name to be remembered, by some token, Ex 20:24 (JE). 3. mention, a. sq. acc. pers. Gn 40:14 (E; sq. אֶל־ pers.), י׳, = call upon Is 62:6, name of י׳ 26:13; 48:1; also on name of other gods, neg., Ex 23:13 (JE; ‖ יִשָּׁמַע); sq. בְּשֵׁם Am 6:10, cf. ψ 20:8 (De Che al. boast of, praise, 𝔊 μεγαλυνθησόμεθα, whence Hup Bae proposes נַגְבִּיר = we display strength), neg. Jos 23:7 (D; ‖ ולא תשׁביעו), so באלהי ישׂראל Is 48:1 (‖ הַנִּשְׁבָּעִים בְּשֵׁם). b. sq. acc. rei: faults Gn 41:9 (E), the ark 1 S 4:18, land of Judah Is 19:17, Rahab (= Egypt) ψ 87:4, works of י׳ ψ 77:12 (Kt, Qr Qal q.v.), his righteousness ψ 71:16, lovingkindness, Is 63:7; human love Ct 1:4; also in technical sense, apparently = accuse before God, always sq. עָוֹן, 1 K 17:18 Nu 5:15 (P) Ez 21:28 v 29 (sq. בְּהִגָּלוֹת פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם), 29:16. c. sq. cl., with כִּי Is 12:4; no conjunction Je 4:16 (לְ indir. obj.; ‖ הַשְׁמיעו). d. abs. commemorate, praise 1 Ch 16:4 (לְהַז׳, appar. Levitical function, sq. ולהודות ולהלל ליהוה), so perhaps also לְהַזְכִּיר in titles ψ 38:1; 70:1 (others sub 5). 4. record, only pt. מַזְכִּיר as subst. (title of public officer) = recorder Rather, probably, the (king’s) reminder, who brought important business to his notice: cf. Ew^{Gesch. iii. 365, H. iii. 267} Ke 2 S 8:16 Benz^{Arch. 310} Now^{Arch. i. 308} Kit 1 K 4:3. 2 S 8:16; 20:24 1 K 4:3 2 K 18:18, 37 = Is 36:3, 22, 1 Ch 18:15 2 Ch 34:8. 5. of sacrifice, make a memorial, i.e. offer an אַזְכָּרָה q.v.; sq. לְבֹנָה Is 66:3.—JPPeters^{JBL, 1893, xii, 58} reads אַזְכִּרָה ψ 42:5 (v. Qal I. 1), ‘let me make my azkara, and pour out libation for (עֲלֵי) my life.’

† I. [זֶ֫כֶר] n.pr.m. only זָ֑כֶר 1 Ch 8:31 (𝔊 Ζαχουρ) = זְכַרְיָה 9:37 q.v. (cf. Ph. n.pr. זכר).

II. זֶ֫כֶר n.m. Ex 17:14, vid. following.

† זֵ֫כֶר n.m. ^{ψ 9:7} remembrance, memorial (cf. Hpt^Hbr. ^{1885, 230})—ז׳ abs. ψ 111:4, cstr. Dt 25:19 +; זֶכֶר cstr. Ex 17:14 van d. H; sf. זִכְרִי Ex 3:15, זִכְרְךָ Is 26:8 +, זִכְרֶ֑ךָ ψ 6:6, זִכְרוֹ Ho 12:6 +, זִכְרָם Dt 32:26 +:—

1. remembrance, memory: a. of persons or people, blotted out by their destruction, Ex 17:14 (E; c. מחה) = Dt 25:19, Dt 32:26 (השׁבית) ψ 34:17; 109:15 (both הכרית), ψ 9:7 (אבד), Jb 18:17 (אבד; ‖ שֵׁם), Is 26:14 (אבּד); cf. on other hand ז׳ עוֹלָם as portion of righteous ψ 112:6. b. of י׳ ψ 6:6; 102:13 (‖ אַתָּה = יהוה). c. of י׳’s character and works ψ 30:5; 97:12; 111:4; 145:7. d. remembrance of certain days, i.e. their observance Est 9:28 (יִמֵי הַפּוּרִים).

2. memorial, by which one is remembered: a. nearly = שֵׁם, ז׳ צַדִּיק לִבְרָכָה Pr 10:7 (‖ שֵׁם), cf. also Ec 9:5 (c. נשׁכח); especially of י׳ Ex 3:15 (E), Ho 12:6 Is 26:8 ψ 135:13 (all ‖ שֵׁם). b. = renown (of Israel) Ho 14:8 (cf. VB).

† זָכָר n.m. & adj. male (Assyrian zikaru, zikru, COT^Gloss Lyon ^{Manual, Gloss;} Arabic ذَكَرٌ; Aramaic דִּכְרָא, ܕܶܟܪܳܐ; Sab. דֿ[כ]רם DHM^{ZMG 1876, 675}; relation to above √ obscure; male as mentioned, talked of, Lane^{969 f.}; from assumed orig. sense be sharp (traces of this in Arabic: v. Lane), Bö^{Prob 207} Fl in ChWB ^{i, 422}, cf. Arabic ذَكَرٌ male organ; Schwally^{ZAW 1891, 176 ff.} from זָכַר = call upon in worship; hence male as competent to worship. (Against Schwally’s view see JPeritz^{Woman in the Ancient Hebrew Cult, JBL xvii (1898), 111 ff.}).) —always abs. ז׳ Gn 1:27 +; pl. (ה)זְכָרִים Ex 13:12 +; vid. also [זָכוּר]:—

I. subst. male, offspring of men and animals Ex 13:12, 15 (pl., both JE); opp. נְקֵבָה Dt 4:16; specif. 1. of men: a. in phr. אשׁר לא יָֽדְעָה אישׁ לְמִשְׁכַב זָכָר Ju 21:12 (Bu^{RS 153} Dr^{Intr. 151}), cf. v 11, Nu 31:17, 18, 35 (all 3 P); צַלְמֵי זָכָר Ez 16:17. b. alone = man Je 30:6 (רְאוּ אִם־יֹלֵד זָכָ֑ר, ‖ גֶּבֶר); usually coll., men, male persons (of all ages) Ju 21:11 1 K 11:15, 16, Gn 34:25 Lv 6:11, 22; 7:6 Nu 1:2, 20, 22; 3:28, 34, 39; 18:10; 26:62; 31:7, 17 (all P); pl. (ה)זכרים 2 Ch 31:16 Ezr 8:3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, so also Jos 5:4 (‖ כל־העם, and כל־אנשׁי המלחמה), 17:2 (gloss? cf. Dr^{Intr. 104}); especially of individ., in connex. with circumcision Gn 17:10, 12, 14, 23; 34:15, 22, 24 Ex 12:48 (all P); of male child Lv 12:2 (P) Is 66:7; opp. נְקֵבָה Gn 1:27; 5:2 Lv 12:7 (child) 15:33; 27:3, 5, 6, 7 Nu 5:3 (all P; cf. Sab. אנתֿים פאו דֿ(כ)רם DHM^l.c.); opp. אִשָּׁה in command ag. sodomy Lv 18:22; 20:13 (both H). 2. of animals, especially for sacrifice Ex 34:19 (JE; read הַזָּכָר for MT תִּזָּכָר); Ex 12:5 Lv 1:3, 10; 4:23 (all P) 22:19 (H), Mal 1:14; opp. נְקֵבָה Gn 6:19; 7:3, 9, 16 Lv 3:1, 6 (all P)

II. adj. sg. male (only human beings) יֻלַּד־לְךָ בֵּן ז׳ Je 20:15; כָּל־בְּכֹר ז׳ Nu 3:40, 43 (both P).

† [זָכוּר] n.m. male, i.q. זָכָר, but only c. sf.;—coll. כָּל־זְכוּרְךָ Ex 23:17 = 34:23 (both JE), = Dt 16:16, of attendance at feasts; כָּל־זְכוּרָהּ (of city refusing terms of peace) Dt 20:13 commanded to be slain (opp. הַנָּשִׁים, הַטַּף, etc., v 14).

† זִכְרִי n.pr.m. 𝔊 Ζεχρει, Ζαχρι, etc., except as below:—

1. a Reubenite 1 Ch 27:16.

2. a Judahite 2 Ch 17:16.

3. Levites: a. Ex 6:21 (P). b. 1 Ch 26:25. c. an Asaphite 1 Ch 9:15 ‖ Ne 11:17 where read זכרי (for זַבְדִּי, q.v.); cf. also infr. זַכּוּר 3 b.

4. a priest Ne 12:17 (𝔊L Ζαχαριας).

5. Benjamites: a. 1 Ch 8:19. b. v 23. c. v 27. d. Ne 11:9.

6. father of a captain in Jehoiada’s time 2 Ch 23:1 (𝔊 Ζαχαρια, 𝔊L Ζεχρι).

7. mighty man of Ephraim 2 Ch 28:7 (𝔊 Ἐζεχρει, 𝔊L Ζαχαριας).

† זַכּוּר n.pr.m. 𝔊 Ζακχυρ, Ζακχουρ, etc.:—

1. a Reubenite Nu 13:4 (P).

2. a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:26.

3. Levites: a. 1 Ch 24:27. b. an Asaphite 1 Ch 25:2 (Σακχους), v 10 (Ζαχχουθ), Ne 12:35 (Ζακχουρ), cf. זִכְרִי supr. 3 c. c. Ne 10:13 cf. 13:13.

4. companion of Ezra, Ezr 8:14 Qr (Kt זבוד, cf. supr. p. 256 a).

5. contemp. of Nehemiah, Ne 3:2.

† זִכָּרוֹן, זִכָּרֹן n.m. ^{Ec 1:11} memorial, remembrance (cf. Lg^{BN 199, 200})—abs. זִכָּרוֹן Jos 4:7 +; זִכָּרֹן Ex 28:12^(×2), 29; cstr. זִכְרוֹן Ec 1:11 + 2 times; sf. זִכְרוֹנֵךְ Is 57:8; pl. הַזִּכְרֹנוֹת Est 6:1; sf. זִכְרֹנֵיכֶם Jb 13:12;—

1. memorial, reminder: a. memorial-day Ex 12:14 (P). b. memorial-usage Ex 13:9 (JE). c. memorial-objects, altar-plates Nu 17:5 (P); stones in Jordan Jos 4:7 (JE); crowns in temple Zc 6:14; ז׳ in Is 57:8 is symbol of strange god (Di), or perhaps phallus-image, as sign of harlot (Che), cf. > Du (who proposes זְכָרוֹן, from זָכָר). d. memorial-record; in a book Ex 17:14 (E); cf. סֵפֶר זִכָּרוֹן Mal 3:16, ס׳ הַזִּכְרֹנות דברי הימים Est 6:1; memorial, as proof of citizenship Ne 2:20 (‖ חֵלֶק, צְדָקָה); reminder of Israel, לִפְנֵי י׳, of כֶּסֶף הַכִּפֻּרִים Ex 30:16; spoils of war Nu 31:54; inscribed stones of ephod Ex 28:12, 29, called אַבְנֵי ז׳ v 12 = Ex 39:7; blowing of trumpets Nu 10:10 (foregoing all P), cf. זִכְרוֹן תְּרוּעָה Lv 23:24 (P; where, however, no לפני י׳, v. Di); מִנְחַת (ה)זכרון Nu 5:15, 18 (P); memorial-sentence, apophthegm Jb 13:12. ^*

2. remembrance Ec 1:11 (cstr. before prep. Ges^{§ 130, 1}), v 11; 2:16.

† זְכַרְיָהוּ oftener זְכַרְיָה n.pr.m. (Sab. ידֿכראל DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 43}) 𝔊 Ζαχαρια(ς), etc.:—

1. זכריהו, king of Isr., son of Jerob. II, 2 K 15:8 = זכריה 14:29; 15:11.

2. זכריהו, father of Hezekiah’s mother 2 Ch 29:1 = זכריה 2 K 18:2.

3. זכריהו, contemporary of Isaiah Is 8:2.

4. זכריהו, a Reubenite 1 Ch 5:7.

5. זכריה, a Benjamite 1 Ch 9:37 (𝔊 Ζαχαρια, A Ζαχχουρ 𝔊L Ζεχρει) = זָ֑כֶר 1 Ch 8:31 (v. i. [זֶכֶר]).

6. זכריהו, a Manassite 1 Ch 27:21 (𝔊 Ζαβδειου, 𝔊L Ζαχαριου).

7. זכריהו, a son of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 21:2.

8. זכריה, a captain of Jehosh. 2 Ch 17:7.

9. זכריהו, teacher of Uzziah 2 Ch 26:5.

10. Levites, זכריהו: a. 1 Ch 15:18 = זכריה v 20; 16:5. b. 1 Ch 24:25. c. 1 Ch 26:2, 14. d. 1 Ch 26:11. e. 2 Ch 20:14. f. 2 Ch 29:13 (𝔊 Ἀζαριας, A Ζαχαριας, so 𝔊L). זכריה: g. 1 Ch 9:21. h. 2 Ch 34:12. i. an Asaphite Ne 12:35.

11. priests, זכריהו: a. 1 Ch 15:24. b. 2 Ch 35:8. זכריה: c. 2 Ch 24:20 (𝔊 Ἀζαριαν; 𝔊L Ζαχαριαν; prob. referred to Matt 23:35, where appar. confusion with f). d. Ne 11:12. e. Ne 12:41. f. the well-known prophet Zc 1:1, 7; 7:1, 8 Ne 12:16 [cf. Aramaic Ezr 5:1; 6:14].

12. returned exiles, זכריה: a. Ezr 8:3 and perhaps v 16, cf. Ne 8:4. b. Ezr 8:11 (𝔊 Ἀζαριας, A Ζαχαριας, so 𝔊L). c. Ezr 10:26. d. a man of Judah Ne 11:4. e. id. Ne 11:5 (𝔊 Θηζεια, א Θηδεια, A Ζαχαριου, so 𝔊L).

† אַזְכָּרָה n.f. memorial-offering, only P (an Aramaic inf. form; cf. Ba^{NB 90} Sta^{§ 244})—abs. א׳ Lv 24:7; sf. אַזְכָּֽרָתָהּ Lv 2:2 + 5 times;—used of the frankincense burned for the shew-bread והיתה ללחם לאז׳ אִשֶּׁה לי׳ Lv 24:7; elsewhere always after הקטיר, only c. sf., referring to מִנְחָה Lv 2:2, 9, 16; 6:8 Nu 5:26; of the meal used as חַטָּאת by the very poor Lv 5:12; always connected with אִשֶּׁה, except Lv 6:8 Nu 5:26.

מַזְכִּיר n.m. recorder, v. זָכַר Hiph.

זלא (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

† יִזְלִיאָה n.pr.m. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:18 (𝔊 Ζαρεια, A Εζλια, 𝔊L Ἰεζελια).

זלג (Arabic زَلَجَ glide, slip; of arrow, skim, slide along; مِزْلَاجٌ a kind of latch, sliding bolt; Aramaic זְלַג is pour forth (tears), flow down).

† מַזְלֵג n.m. appar. a sacrificial implement, three-pronged fork הַמּ׳ שְׁלשׁ הַשִּׁנַּיִם 1 S 2:13, cf. v 14 (v. Dr^Sm. ^{pp. 23, 291}).

† [מִזְלָגָה] n.[f.] id., only pl. הַמִּזְלָגֹת Ex 38:3 Nu 4:14; הַמִּזְלָגוֹת 1 Ch 28:17 2 Ch 4:16; sf. מִזְלְגֹתָיו Ex 27:3;—a sacrificial implement, belonging to altar in tabernacle, Ex 27:3; 38:3 Nu 4:14 (all P); belonging to temple 1 Ch 28:17 2 Ch 4:16.

† I. [זָלַל] vb. shake (Arabic زَلَّ slip, زَلْزَلَ agitate, shake; تَزَلْزَلَ be agitated, quake, especially of earth-quake)—

Niph. Pf. נָזֹ֫לּוּ shake, quake Is 63:19 of mts. at י׳’s presence (Ges De Che Di Du; 𝔊 𝔙 as if from נזל flow down); so 64:2 (but here prob. not original Che Di Du); read נָזֹלּוּ likewise Ju 5:5 (𝔊 Thes Stu Be Bla MV SS; MT נָֽזְלוּ, from נזל).

† [זַלְזַל] n.[m.] (quivering) tendrils;—only pl. tendrils of vine הַזַּלְזַלִּים Is 18:5 (‖ הַנְּטִישׁוֹת), in fig. of Yahweh’s destroying the Assyrians.

† II. [זָלַל] vb. 1.be light, worthless, 2. make light of (Assyrian zalâlu, be in ruins, COT^Gloss (Asrn^{Standard Inscr. 15}), Arabic ذَلَّ = Aramaic ܕܰܠ (rare), ܕܠܻܝܠܴܐ easy; but זְלַל, ܙܰܠ, are more common (all intrans.))—

Qal only Pt. act. זוֹלֵל Dt 21:20 + 2 times; זוֹלֵלָ֑ה La 1:11; pl. זוֹלְלִים Pr 28:7, cstr. זֹלְלֵי Pr 23:20— 1. be worthless, insignificant Je 15:19 (opp. יָקָר) La 1:11 (of Jerusalem in distress). 2. trans. make light of = be lavish with, squander (cf. ii. זוּל), especially of gluttony ז׳ בשׂר Pr 23:20 (‖ סֹבְאֵי יַיִן), abs. v 21 Dt 21:20 (both ‖ סֹבֵא), Pr 28:7.

Hiph. Pf. sf. הִזִּילוּהָ La 1:8 causat. of Qal 1 make light of, despise (opp. כִּבֵּד); on form cf. Ges^{§ 67, R. 8} RobGes, MV SS (> assigned to זוּל by Thes Kö^{Lgb. i. 471}).

† זֻלֻּת n.f. worthlessness, only כְּרֻם זֻלֻּת לִבְנֵי אָדָם [van d. H. זֻלּוּת] ψ 12:9 cf. De & Che^{crit. n.}

זלעף (quadrilit. √ of foll.; v. reff. infr.)

† זַלְעָפָה n.f. raging heat (on format. cf. Ges^{Lbg 863} Ol^{§ 196 a. 1. 2})—ז׳ ψ 119:53; pl. abs. זִלְעָפוֹת ψ 11:6; cstr. זִלְעֲפוֹת La 5:10;—

1. of fever heat of famine ז׳ רָעָב La 5:10.

2. of burning wind רוּח ז׳ ψ 11:6 (in fig. of י׳’s judgment, with אֵשׁ, גָּפְרִית).

3. fig. of zeal ז׳ אֲחָזַתְנִי ψ 119:53.

זלף (√ of foll.; Thes comp. Aramaic זְלַף Pa. drop, drip; cf. ܙܠܰܦ; also NH זִלּוּף sprinkling, ܙܠܳܦܳܐ dropping, pouring, زَلَفَةٌ a full bowl, etc.)

† זִלְפָּה n.pr.f. Leah’s maid, one of Jacob’s wives, mother of Gad and Asher Gn 29:24; 30:9, 10, 12 (all J), 35:26; 37:2; 46:18 (all P).

† זָמַם vb. consider, purpose, devise (Aramaic זְמַם in der. conjj.; cf. Arabic زَمَّ speak, talk (rare); Aramaic ܙܰܡ is sonuit, resonavit, the n. ܙܡܳܡܳܐ is tinnitus, strepitus)—only

Qal Pf. זָמַם Dt 19:19 + 2 times; זָמָ֑ם La 2:17; זָֽמְמָה Pr 31:16; זַמּ֫וֹתָ Pr 30:32; זַמֹּ֫תִי Je 4:28 but also זָמַ֫מְתִּי Zc 8:14, 15; זַמֹּתִי ψ 17:3 either belongs here with irreg. accent (v. De), or is Inf. after anal. of ל״ה e.g. חַנּוֹת cf. 77:10 (Hi Ri); Che^{crit. n.} reads זִמָּתִי; זָמָ֑מוּ ψ 31:14; Impf. יָֽזְמוּ Gn 11:6 (Ges^{§ 67, R. 11}); on poss. Inf. זמֹּתִ֫י ψ 17:3 v. supr.; Pt. זֹמֵם ψ 37:12;— 1. consider, fix thought upon, c. acc. of concrete obj. שָׂדֶה Pr 31:16. 2. purpose, devise: a. especially of Yahweh’s purpose in punishment Je 4:28 (abs.), 51:12 sq. עשׂה + acc. (‖ מְזִמָּה), La 2:17 (sq. אשׁר) Zc 1:6 (c. כאשׁר sq. inf.), 8:14 (id.); of blessing only כֵּן שַׁבְתִּי זָמַמְתִּי לְהֵיטִיב Zc 8:15 (opp. v 14). b. of evil purpose of wicked men אשׁר יז׳ לעשׂות Gn 11:6 Dt 19:19 (c. כאשׁר + inf.), ψ 31:14 (sq. inf.); abs. Pr 30:32 (‖ נבל), ψ 17:3 have I (i.e. if I have) devised evil (so De); the txt of Pr 30:32 is questioned by Frankenberg Toy al.; v. on II. נבל, 614b infr. sq. לְ pers. (= against) ψ 37:12.

† [זָמָם] n.[m.] plan, device (bad sense), only זְמָמוֹ ψ 140:9 (‖ מַאֲוַיֵּי רָשָׁע).

† I. זִמָּה n.f. plan, device, wickedness—abs. ז׳ Lv 18:17 + 17 times; cstr. זִמַּת Pr 24:9 + 2 times; sf. זִמָּתֵךְ Ez 16:58 + 3 times; זִמַּתְכֶ֫נָֿה Ez 23:48, 49; pl. זִמּוֹת Is 32:7, sf. זִמֹּתַי Jb 17:11;—

1. plan, purpose Jb 17:11; elsewhere always

2. in bad sense: a. evil device Is 32:7 (c. יעץ, sq. לְחַבֵּל); זִמַּת אִוֶּלֶת Pr 24:9; cf. ψ 26:10 (‖ שֹׁחַד), 119:150. b. wickedness in act עשׂה ז׳ Ho 6:9 (where murder in context), Pr 10:23; 21:27 cf. Now. Especially c. of unchastity: incest Lv 18:17; 20:14^(×2), licentiousness 19:29 (all H), Ju 20:6 (‖ נְבָלָה), adultery Jb 31:11; freq. (mostly Ez) metaph. of idolatry of people under fig. of harlotry and adultery Je 13:27 (זִמַּת זְנוּתֵךְ), Ez 16:27 (דַּרְכֵּךְ זִמָּה), v 43, 58 (both ‖ תּוֹעֵבָה), 22:9 (c. עשׂה), v 11 (טִמֵּא בְּזִמָּה, ‖ תועבה), 23:21, 27 (‖ זְנוּתֵךְ), v 29 (עֶרְוַת זְנוּנַיִךְ וְזִמָּתֵךְ וְתַזְנוּתָ֑יִךְ), v 35 (‖ תַּזְנוּתָ֑יִךְ), v 44 (אִשּׁוֹת הַזּ׳, Co לעשׂות ז׳), v 48^(×2), 49 (‖ חֲטָאֵי גִלּוּלֵיכֶן), 24:13. [In Ez 16:27, 43; 24:13 del. Co, chiefly on intern. grounds.]

† II. זִמָּה n.pr.m. of several Levites (Gershonites)—

1. 1 Ch 6:5.

2. 1 Ch 6:27.

3. 2 Ch 29:12.

† מְזִמָּה n.f. purpose, discretion, device (Je and WisdLt), מְזִמָּה Jb 42:2 + 5 times; הַמְּזִמָּ֫תָה Je 11:15 (but read for המ׳ רַבִּים with 𝔊 הַמְּזִמֹּת הַֽנְדָרִים); altogether עָֽשְׂתָה מְזִמֹּת הַֽנְדָרִים וּבְשַׂר קֹדֶשׁ יַעֲבִרוּ מֵעָלַיִךְ רָעָתֵךְ. מְזִמָּתוֹ Je 51:11; pl. abs. מְזִמּוֹת ψ 37:7 + 7 times; cstr. id. Je 23:20; 30:24; sf. מְזִמּוֹתָיו ψ 10:4;—

1. of י׳’s purposes Jb 42:2; chiefly in punishment (cf. זָמַם, זִמָּה) Je 23:20; 30:24; 51:11 (‖ זמם v 12).

2. power of devising, discretion Pr 1:4 (‖ דַּעַת), 2:11 (‖ תְּבוּנָה), 3:21 (‖ תֻּשִׁיָּה), 5:2 (‖ דַּעַת); דַּעַת מְזִמּוֹת 8:12.

3. a. evil thoughts of men ψ 10:4, evil devices of men Jb 21:27 (‖ מחשׁבות), ψ 10:2; 21:12 (both c. חָשַׁב. b. wickedness in act Je 11:15 ψ 37:7 (both c. עָשָׂה), 139:20 לִמְזִמָּה = wickedly;—note phrases: אישׁ מְזִמּוֹת a man of (evil) devices (or practices). Pr 12:2 (opp. טוֹכ) 14:17; בַּעַל־מְזִמּוֹת Pr 24:8 (‖ מְחַשֵּׁב לְהָרֵעַ; v. בַּעַל).

† זַמְזֻמִּים n.pr.gent. said to be a name given to רְפָאִים by the Ammonites who dispossessed them Dt 2:20 (cf. Arabic زَمْزَمَ talk gibberish?), 𝔊 Ζοχομμιν, Ζομζομμειν, and Ζομμειν (so 𝔊L); cf. Gn 14:5 זוּזִים q.v. (𝔊 ἔθνη ἰσχυρά).

† [זָמַן] vb. (Aramaic and late) only

Pu. Pt. be fixed, appointed, of time (Arabic زَمِنَ continue, Aramaic Pa. זַמֵּן, ܙܰܡܶܢ summon to fixed time or place, invite, appoint; cf. זְמָ֑ן infr.)—עִתִּים מְזֻמָּנִים Ezr 10:14 Ne 10:35; ע׳ מְזֻמָּנוֹת Ne 13:31.

† זְמָ֑ן n.m. (late) appointed time, time (Arabic زَمَنٌ, Ethiopic ዘመን: Biblical Aramaic 𝔗 זְמַן, but Syriac ܙܰܒܢܳܐ, Mand. זיבנא, Mand. זבאן, v. NöM ¹⁵²; on OPers. origin v. Biblical Aramaic Sam. ࠆࠁࠍ, Palm. זבנא, cf. Reckendorf^{ZMG 1888, 394})—sg. זְמָ֑ן Ne 2:6 Ec 3:1; sf. וְכִזְמַנָּ֑ם Est 9:27, בִּזְמַנֵּיהֶם v 31 (on Dagh. cf. Ges^{§ 20. 2. c}).

† I. [זמר] vb. only Pi. make music in praise of God (י׳), only poet. (Arabic زَمَرَ pipe, play on a reed; Aramaic ܙܡܰܪ, זַמֵּר and deriv.; Ethiopic ዘመረ in der. conjj.; on an orig. meaning hum, murmur, cf. Hup^{ZKM iii, (1840) 394 ff. iv, 139 ff.} Id^{Psalm. Einl. § 7, 2} De⁴ on ψ 3)—

Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְזַמֶּרְךָ ψ 30:13; 1 s. אֲזַמֵּר Ju 5:3 2 S 22:50; (וַ)אֲזַמְּרָה ψ 7:18 + 7 times;, אֲזַמֵּ֑רָה ψ 18:50 + 3 times; sf. אֲזַמֶּרְךָ ψ 57:10; 108:4, אֲזַמְּרֶ֑ךָּ ψ 131:1; 3 mpl. יְזַמְּרוּ ψ 66:4; 149:3; וִיזַמְּרוּ ψ 66:4; 1 pl. נְזַמְּרָה ψ 21:14; Imv. mpl. זַמְּרוּ ψ 9:12 + 14 times, זַמֵּ֑רוּ ψ 47:7^(×2); Inf. לְזַמֵּר ψ 92:2, זַמְּרָה ψ 147:1;—make music, melody (only ψψ, except Ju 5:3 Is 12:5);— 1. of singing to (ל) God (Yahweh) Ju 5:3 ψ 27:6; 101:1; 104:33; 105:2 = 1 Ch 16:9 (all ‖ שׁיר vb.), ψ 30:5 (here ‖ הוֹדוּ), 47:7 (לְמַלְכֵּנוּ), 66:4; 71:23 (with תְּרַנֵּנָּה שְׂפָתַי), 9:12; 75:10 (‖ הגיד), 146:2 (‖ הלל); sq. אֶלִ־ 59:1–8, to his name לשׁם, ψ 18:50 = 2 S 22:50 (‖ אודך), ψ 92:2 (‖ לְהֹדוֹת), 135:3 (‖ הללויה); sq. sf. = sing thee, praise thee in song ψ 30:13; 57:10; 108:4; 138:1 (all ‖ אודך); sq. acc. י׳ Is 12:5, אלהים ψ 47:7, אלהינו 147:1, אדני 68:33 (‖ שׁירו), sq. שְׁמוֹ 7:18 (‖ אודה), 9:3; 61:9; 66:4; 68:5 (‖ שׁירו); sq. כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ 66:2, גבורתך 21:14 (‖ נשׁירה); sq. acc. of the song, מַשְׂכִּיל ψ 47:8 (v. מ׳ sub שׂכל); abs. 57:8 (‖ אשׁירה), 98:4 (‖ הָרִיעוּ, פִּצְחוּ, רַנֲנוּ), 108:2 (‖ אשׁירה; instrumental accomp. v 3; cf. also v 4 supr.), 47:7^(×2). 2. of playing musical instruments בְּנֵבֶל עָשׂוֹר זַמְּרוּ־לוֹ ψ 33:2 (‖ הודו לי׳ בְּכִנּוֹר), cf. 144:9 (‖ אשׁירה); אזמרה לך בכנור 71:22 (‖ אודך בִכְלִי־נֶבֶל); ז׳ לי׳ בכנ֑ור בכנור וקול זמרה 98:5; ז׳ לא׳ בכנור 147:7 (‖ ענו לי׳ בתודה); בְּתֹף וכנור יזמרו־לו 149:3 (‖ יהללו שׁמו בְּמָחוֹל).

† I. זִמְרָה n.f. melody, song, in praise of י׳—abs. ז׳ ψ 81:3 + 2 times; זִמְרָת Ex 15:2 ψ 118:14 Is 12:2, read זִמְרָתִ(י) (v. Di Ex SS); cstr. זִמְרַת Am 5:23, on Gn 43:11 v. infr.;—

1. of instrumental music וְזִמְרַת נְבָלֶיךָ Am 5:23 (‖ המון שִׁריך).

2. of singing תּוֹדָה וקול ז׳ Is 51:3; as subject of song עֻזִּי וְזִמְרָתִי יָהּ (so read) Ex 15:2 Is 12:2 ψ 118:14.

3. not clearly determined שְׂאוּ־ז׳ וּתְנוּ־תֹ֑ף כנור נעים עם־נָֽבֶל׃ ψ 81:3; בכנור וקול ז׳ 98:5 (cf. III. זמר ad fin.).—On מִזִּמְרַת הארץ Gn 43:11 v. ii. זמרה infr.

זִמְרָת v. i. זִמְרָה.

† I. [זָמִיר] n.m. ^{Is 25:5} song (cf. Ba^{NB 136})—cstr. זְמִיר Is 25:5; pl. abs. זְמִרוֹת Jb 35:10 + 2 times, זְמִרֹת Is 24:16; cstr. זְמִרוֹת 2 S 23:1;—song נְעִים זְמִרוֹת ישׂראל 2 S 23:1 in epith. of David; Jb 35:10 Is 24:16; of (hostile) song of triumph זְמִיר עָרִיצִים Is 25:5 (‖ שְׁאוֹן זָרִים); song in praise of י׳ בִּזְמִרוֹת נָרִיעָה לוֹ ψ 95:2 (‖ תודה), cf. ז׳ היו לי חֻקֶּיךָ 119:54, i.e. they are the subject of my song.—On Ct 2:12 v. ii. זמיר sub II. זמר.

† מִזְמוֹר n.[m.] melody (techn. design. of psalms; cf. Hup^{Psalm. Einl. § 7, 2} De⁴ on ψ 3, Bae^{Psalmen, xiii}; مَزَامِيرٌ, ܡܰܙܡܘܽܖ̈ܶܐ, መዝሙር: loan-wds., all = Psalm(s); on מ׳, in relation to תהלה cf. Lg^{Or ii. 22f.}), always in this form; in 57 ψ-titles:—מ׳ alone ψ 98:1, מ׳ שׁיר ליום הַשַּׁבָּת 92:1, מ׳ לְתוֹדָה 100:1; usually with pers. name or title; מ׳ לְדָוִד ψ 3:1; 15:1; 23:1; 29:1; 63:1; 141:1; 143:1, שׁיר מ׳ לדוד 108:1, מ׳ לדוד לְהַזְכִּיר 38:1, מ׳ שִׁיר־חֲנֻכַּת הבית לדוד 30:1, לדוד מ׳ 24:1; 101:1; 110:1, לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ מ׳ לדוד 13:1; 19:1; 20:1; 21:1; 31:1; 41:1; 51:1; 64:1; 140:1; לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ … מ׳ לדוד 4:1; 5:1; 6:1; 8:1; 9:1; 12:1; 22:1; 39:1; 62:1, לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ מ׳ לדוד שׁיר 65:1, למנצח לדוד מ׳ 40:1; 109:1; 139:1, למנצח לדוד מ׳ שׁיר 68:1; also simply לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ מ׳ שׁיר ψ 67:1, לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ שׁיר מ׳ 66:1; but also שׁיר מ׳ לבני־קרח ψ 48:1, לִבְנֵי־קֹרַח מ׳ שׁיר 87:1, שׁיר מ׳ לבני קרח לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ … מַשְׂכִּיל לְהֵימָן הָאֶזְרָחִי 88:1, לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ לבני־קרח מ׳ 47:1; 49:1; 85:1, למנצח … לבני־קרח מ׳ 84:1; further מ׳ לְאָסָף ψ 50:1; 73:1; 79:1; 82:1, שׁיר מ׳ לאסף 83:1, לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ … מ׳ לאסף שׁיר 75:1; 76:1, לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ … לאסף מ׳ 77:1; 80:1. [Summary:—מ׳ in 34 ψψ with לַמְֿנַצֵּחַ, of wh. 23 have לדוד also, 5 לבני קרח also, 4 לאסף, and 2 no n.pr.; in addit., in 13 ψψ with לדוד, 2 with לבני קרח, 5 with לאסף; in only 3 without either n.pr. or title; מ׳ is preceded by שׁיר 5 times, and foll. by שִׁיר 8 times]

II. [זָמַר] vb. trim, prune (NH id.; relation to √ I. obscure)—

Qal Impf. 2 ms. תִּזְמֹר Lv 25:3, 4 of pruning a vineyard (כֶּרֶם; H).

Niph. Impf. יִזָּמֵר Is 5:6 be pruned, subj. כֶּרֶם (‖ יֵעָדֵר).

† II. זָמִיר n.[m.] trimming, pruning (cf. Lg^{BN 173})—only עֵת הַזָּמִיר Ct 2:12 (> others singing).—i. זמיר v. sub I. זמר supr.

† זְמוֹרָה n.[f.] branch, twig, shoot—abs. ז׳ Nu 13:23, הַוּ׳ Ez 8:17; 15:2; cstr. זְמֹרַת Is 17:10; sf. זְמֹרֵיהֶם Na 2:3;—branch of grape-vine Nu 13:23 (JE), Eze 15:2; branch, twig (Co Reissigbündel) used in idolatrous worship הַוּ׳ אֶל־אַפָּם Ez 8:17 (v. Sm and most), but custom obscure (v. Da), and text dub.; זְמֹרַת זָר (cf. Ew^{§ 287 b}) Is 17:10 twigs of a strange one (i.e. of a strange god) fig. of idolatrous cults adopted by Isr.; ז׳ pl. in fig. of Israelites Na 2:3.

† [מַזִמֵרָה] n.f. pruning-knife, only pl. וְכָרַת הַזַּלְזַלִּים בַּמַּזְמֵרוֹת Is 18:5; לְמַזְמֵרוֹת Is 2:4 Mi 4:3 (both ‖ לְאִתִּים); וּמַזְמֵרֹתֵיכֶם Jo 4:10 (‖ אִתֵּיכֶם).

† [מְזַמֶּרֶת] n.f. snuffers, as utensil of Sol.’s temple, only pl. abs. מְזַמְּרוֹת 2 K 12:14, הַמְזַמְּרוֹת 1 K 7:50 = 2 Ch 4:22, 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18.

III. זמר (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; DHM in MV^{10, 983} comp. Arabic ذِمَارٌ thing to be protected, thing sacred, inviolable, Lane⁹⁷⁸, Arabic ذمر is 4 Aramaic ܕܰܡܶܪ wonder at, admire, ܕܡܝܺܪܳܐ mirus, admirabilis, etc.; hence זמרת Gn 43:11 ‘die Merkwürdigkeiten des Landes’).

† II. זִמְרָה n.f. of uncertain meaning, perhaps choice products (cf. DHM supr.), of various fruits, etc. מִזִּמְרַת הארץ Gn 43:11; 𝔊 οἱ καρποί, so MV Str.; > music, or praise of the land, fig. for produce (√ I. זמר) Thes Tu Kn SS.—i. ז׳ v. sub. I. זמר. Uncertain in deriv. are the five foll.:—

† [זֶ֫מֶר] n.[m.] a certain animal allowed as food, most prob. some kind of mountain-sheep or-goat (𝔖 ܐܪܢܐ) וָזָמֶ֑ר Dt 14:5. (AV RV chamois: but see Tristram^{DB 2. s.v.}, who points out that this is not a native of any Bible land.)

† I. זִמְרִי n.pr.m. 𝔊 Ζαμβρ(ε)ι—

1. a Simeoneite Nu 25:14 (P).

2. grandson of Judah 2 Ch 2:6 (app. = זַבְדִּי Jos 7:1 q.v.)

3. king of Isr. before Omri 1 K 16:9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20 2 K 9:31.

4. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:36^(×2) = 9:42^(×2).

† II. זִמְרִי n.pr.gent. vel patr., only מַלְכֵי ז׳ Je 25:25 (+ מלכי עֵילָם and מלכי מָדָ֑י); = Σεμβρῖται in Ethiopia (Strabo^{xvii, i. 786})? cf. Gf; om. 𝔊; interpol. according to Kue Gie.

† זִמְרָן n.pr.m. son of Abraham & Keturah, 𝔊 Ζε(μ)βραν Gn 25:2 and 1 Ch 1:32 (𝔊L here Ζεμραμ). On locality referred to v. Di.

† זְמִירָה n.pr.m. a Benjamite, 1 Ch 7:8, 𝔊 Ἀμαριας; 𝔊A, 𝔊L Ζαμαρια(ς).

† זַן n.[m.] (late) kind, sort (Aramaic ܙܶܢ, זַן; √ dub.; cf. De ψ 144:13)—מִזַּן אֶל זַן ψ 144:13 from kind to kind, i.e. all sorts, kinds; pl. וּזְנִים 2 Ch 16:14 (various) sorts.

זנב (√ of foll., meaning unknown).

† זָנָב n.m. ^{Ju 15:4} tail, also (fig.) end, stump (NH id., Assyrian zibbatu Hom^{NS 368}, Ethiopic ዘነብ Arabic ذَنَبٌ, Aramaic ܕܽܘܢܒܳܐ, דּוּנְבָּא, דַּנְבָּא)—ז׳ abs. Ju 15:4^(×2) + 5 times; sf. זְנָבוֹ Jb 40:17; pl. זְנָבוֹת Ju 15:4; cstr. זַנְבוֹת Is 7:4;—

1. a. tail of fox Ju 15:4^(×3), of serpent Ex 4:4 (J), of hippopot. Jb 40:17; b. fig. of common people, opp. to rulers Is 9:13; 19:15 (in both, רֹאשׁ וְזָנָב, ‖ כִּפָּה וְאַגְמוֹן; Is 9:14 is incorrect gloss); of subject-people (opp. רֹאשׁ) Dt 28:13, 44.

2. end, stump (of firebrand, אוּד) in metaph. Is 7:4.

† [זִנֵּב] vb.denom.

Pi. cut off, or smite, the tail, only fig., of hostile attack in war; Pf. consec. 2 mpl. וְזִנַּבְתֶּם Jos 10:19 (sq. אֹתָם); Impf. 3 ms. וַיְזַנֵּב בְּךָ כָּל־הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִים Dt 25:18; in both = attack or smite in the rear.

† זָנָה vb. commit fornication, be a harlot (Arabic زَنَى commit fornication, Aramaic ܙܢܳܐ, זנא; cf. Ethiopic ዝንየት effusio seminis virilis, semen effusum, Di¹⁰⁵⁵; on this and ዘመወ (comp. by Ges al.) v. Prät^{BAS i.32, Anm.})—

Qal Pf. ז׳ Dt 31:16, זָֽנְתָה Gn 38:24 + 3 times, etc.; Impf. יִזְנֶ֯ה (Kt) Ez 23:43; תִּזְנֶה Lv 19:29 + 4 times; וַתּ֫זֶן Je 3:8 Ez 23:5; תִּזְנִי Ho 3:3; וַתִּזְנִי Je 3:6 (but read prob. וַתִּזֶן: וַתִּזְנִי is not Aramaic form of 3 fs., v. Kö^{i 540} Kau^{§ 47 g b}) Ez 16:15 + 4 times; וַתִּזְנִים Ez 16:28; יִזְנוּ (Qr) Ez 23:43; וַיִּזְנוּ Ju 8:27 + 4 times; תִּזְנֶינָה Ho 4:13, 14; וַתִּזְנֶינָה Ez 23:3; Inf. abs. זָנֹה Ho 1:2; cstr. לִזְנוֹת Lv 20:5 + 3 times; לִזְנֹת Lv 20:6; sf. בִּזְנוֹתֵךְ Ez 23:30; Pt. זוֹנֶה ψ 73:27 Ez 6:9; זֹנֶה Ho 4:15; pl. זֹנִים Lv 17:7 + 3 times; זוֹנָה Dt 23:19 + 25 times; זֹנָה Lv 21:7 + 2 times; זוֹנוֹת Pr 29:3; זֹנוֹת Ho 4:14 + 4 times— 1. be or act as a harlot, abs. Gn 38:24 (J), Dt 22:21 (D), Lv 21:9 (H), Ho 4:13, 14 Am 7:17; זונה + (ה)אשׁה Jos 2:1; 6:22 (J), Lv 21:7 (H), Ju 11:1; 16:1 Pr 6:26 Je 3:3 Ez 16:30; 23:44; זוֹנָה Gn 34:31; 38:15 Jos 6:17, 25 (all J), Dt 23:19 Lv 21:14 (H), Pr 7:10; 23:27 Is 23:15, 16 Jo 4:3 Mi 1:7^(×2) Ez 16:31; נָשִׁים זֹנוֹת 1 K 3:16; ז(ו)נות 1 K 22:38 Pr 29:3 Ho 3:3; 4:14 Ez 16:33; בית זונה Je 5:7; commit fornication, man’s act ז׳ אל Nu 25:1 (J); metaphorically of a land given to harlotry Lv 19:29. 2. fig. of improper intercourse with foreign nations with acc. pers. Je 3:1 Ex 16:28; ז׳ את Is 23:17; אחרי Ez 23:30; אל Ez 16:26, 28^(×2); ז׳ תַזְנוּתיה Ez 23:43 Na 3:4; וַתִּזֶן אָהֳלָה תַחְתָּ֑י and Ohola committed fornication (whilst) under me Ez 23:5 (cf. Nu 5:19). 3. of intercourse with other deities, considered as harlotry, sometimes involving actual prostitution, ז׳ אחרי Ex 34:15, 16 Dt 31:16 (all J), Lv 17:7; 20:5^(×2) (all H), Ju 2:17; 8:27, 33 1 Ch 5:25 Ez 6:9; 20:30; after אֹבֹת, etc. Lv 20:6 (H), one’s own heart & eyes Nu 15:39 (H); especially of Isr., Judah, and Jerus. under fig. of lewd woman Ez 16:15 (abs.) v 16 (על במות), v 17 (ז׳ בְ), 23:3^(×2), 19 (abs.), Je 3:1 (c. acc.); v 6, 8 (abs.); abs. elsewhere Ho 2:7; 4:15 Is 57:3 ψ 106:39; as leaving י׳, sq. מֵעַל Ho 9:1; מאחרי 1:2^(×2); מתחת 4:12; sq. מן alone ψ 73:27; ז(ו)נה Je 2:20 Ez 16:35, 41; בית זונה Je 5:7; לִבָּם הַזּוֹנֶה their whorish heart Ez 6:9. 4. זונה of moral defection Is 1:21.

Pu. Pf. 3 ms. אַחֲרַיִךְ לֹא זוּנָּה fornication was not done (in going) after thee Ez 16:34 (but del. Co).

Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִזְנֵיתָ Ho 5:3; 3 pl. הִזְנוּ Ho 4:10, 18 Ex 34:16; Impf. וַיֶּ֫זֶן 2 Ch 21:11; וַתַּזְנֶה 2 Ch 21:13; Inf. abs. הַזְנֵה Ho 4:18; cstr. הַזְגוֹת 2 Ch 21:13; sf. לְהַזְנוֹתָהּ Lv 19:29. 1. cause to commit fornication: a. sexual Lv 19:29 (H). b. religious Ex 34:16 (J), 2 Ch 21:11, 13^(×2). 2. commit fornication: a. sexual Ho 4:10. b. religious Ho 4:18^(×2); 5:3.

† זְנוּנִים n.[m.] fornication, pl.abstr. intens. (Ol^{§ 215 a}; Dl^{Pr 74}, der. from √ זנן, Assyrian zanânu, fill full, cf. Dl^{ib. 73})—ז׳ Ho 1:2 + 5 times, cstr. זְנוּנֵי Na 3:4 + 2 times, זְנוּנַיִךְ Ez 23:29, זְנוּנֶיהָ Ho 2:4 Na 3:4.

a. sexual Gn 38:24 (J) Ho 1:2^(×2).

b. international Na 3:4^(×2).

c. religious 2 K 9:22 Ez 23:11, 29 Ho 2:4, 6; 4:12; 5:4.

† זְנוּת n.f.abstr. fornication;—ז׳ Ho 4:11; 6:10; sf. זְנוּתֵךְ Je 13:27 Ez 23:27; זְנוּתָהּ Je 3:9; זְנוּתָם Ez 43:7, 9; זְנוּתַיִךְ Je 3:2; זְנוּתֵיכֶם Nu 14:33.

a. sexual Ho 4:11.

b. international Ez 23:27.

c. religious Nu 14:33 (J) Je 3:2, 9; 13:27 Ez 43:7, 9 Ho 6:10 (where We^{Kl. Proph.} suggests זָנִיתָ); cf. זָנָה 3.

† [תַּזְנוּת] n.f.abstr. fornication;—sf. תַּזְנוּתֵךְ Ez 16:20 (Kt) v 25 (Kt) v 29; תַּזְנֻתֵךְ Ez 16:26; תַּזְנוּתָם Ez 23:8, 17; תַּזְנוּתַיִךְ Ez 16:15, 34, 36; תַּזְנֻתַיִךְ Ez 16:22; תַּזְנוּתָ֑יִךְ Ez 16:20(Qr)v 25(Qr)v 33; 23:29, 35; תַּזְנוּתֶיהָ Ez 23:7, 8, 11, 14, 18, 19, 43. These are all international mingled with religious references.

† I. זָנַח vb. reject, spurn (Arabic زَنَحَ repelled; Assyrian zinû, to be angry not connected)—

Qal Pf. ז׳ Ho 8:3, 5 La 2:7; זָנַחְתָּ ψ 44:10 + 2 times; sf. זְנַחְתָּ֑נִי ψ 43:2; וְנַחְתָּנוּ ψ 60:3, 12; 108:12; זְנַחְתִּים Zc 10:6; Impf. יִזְנַח ψ 77:8 La 3:31; תִּזְנַח ψ 44:24 + 2 times;—reject, Isr. rejects good Ho 8:3; Samaria’s calf rejects her Ho 8:5 (others make י׳ subj.; We^{Kl. Proph.} reads אזנח I reject), elsewhere God rejects people ψ 43:2; 60:3; 77:8; 88:15 Zc 10:6; לָנֶצַח ψ 44:24; 74:1; לעולם La 3:31; ז׳ ולא תצא בצבאתינו ψ 44:10; 60:12; 108:12; נַפְשִׁי מִשָּׁלוֹם La 3:17; king ψ 89:39; altar La 2:7.

Hiph. Pf. הִזְנִיחַ 2 Ch 29:19; sf. הִזְנִיחָם 2 Ch 11:14; 3 pl. הֶאֶזְנִיחוּ Is 19:6, v. II. זנח; Impf. יַזְנִיחֲךָ 1 Ch 28:9;—(late) reject (= earlier Qal), Jeroboam rejects the Levites מכהן לי׳ 2 Ch 11:14; Ahaz the sacred vessels 2 Ch 29:19; י׳ rejects Solomon 1 Ch 28:9.

† II. [זָנַח] stink, emit stench (cf. Arabic زَنَخَ become rancid, of oil, etc., Lane);—only Hiph. Pf. 3 mpl. הֶאֶזְנִיחוּ נְהָרוֹת rivers stink Is 19:6 (read הִזְנִיחוּ Ges^{§ 53, 6} Ol^{§ 255 b} Sta^{§ 420 a} Kö^{i 293}; but Ew^{§ 126 b} De Di derive from elative אַזְנָח or אֶזְנָח).

זָנוֹחַ n.pr.loc.

1. Zanuʿa, SE. Ṣorea (Rob^{BR ii, 61} Bd^{Pal 163}) Jos 15:34 Ne 3:13; 11:30 1 Ch 4:18.

2. a place in the mts. Jos 15:56, possibly Zânûta, SW. of Hebron, Guérin^{Judée iii. 200} Survey^{iii. 404}; but Di thinks this is too far south.

† [זָנַק] vb. only

Pi. leap (NH זִנֵּק cause to spring, spurt; Aramaic ܙܢܰܩ throw, shoot, also bind)—Impf. 3 ms. יְזַנֵּק מִן־הַבָּשָׁן Dt 33:22 he leapeth forth from Bashan (of Dan under fig. of lion’s whelp).

זֵעָה v. יָזַע.

זְעָוָה v. זְוָעָה sub זוּעַ.

† זַעֲוָן n.pr.m. a descendant (branch or tribe) of Seir (𝔊 Ζουκαμ, but Ζαυαν 𝔊L 1 Ch 1:42; Sam. זוען)—Gn 36:27 = 1 Ch 1:42.

† [זָעַךְ] vb. extinguish, only

Niph. be extinguished יָמַי נִזְעָ֑כוּ Jb 17:1 (‖ רוּחִי חֻבָּ֑לָה). Elsewhere always דעך (q.v.), and so in cogn. languages. Prob. error for נדעכו.

† זָעַם vb. be indignant (cf. Aramaic (rare) ܙܥܰܡ blame, & n. ܙܽܘܥܳܡܳܐ; Arabic تَزَغَّمَ onomatop., of roar of camel, angry speech, v. Frey, De on ψ 7:12)—Pf. ז׳ Nu 23:8 + 3 times; זָעַמְתָּה Zc 1:12; Impf. אֶזְעֹם Nu 23:8; 3 pl. sf. יִזְעָמוּהוּ Pr 24:24; Imv. זֹעֲמָה Nu 23:7 (for זָֽעָמֳה Ges^{§ 64, (2)}); Pt. act. זֹעֵם ψ 7:12; pass. cstr. זְעוּם Pr 22:14; f. זְעוּמָה Mi 6:10;—

Qal 1. be indignant, have indignation, of hostile prince עַל בְּרִית קוֹדֶשׁ Dn 11:30; elsewhere of Yahweh, who is אֵל זֹעֵם ψ 7:12 (‖ שׁוֹפֵט), c. acc. of enemy Is 66:14; cities of Judah Zc 1:12; people Mal 1:4; a man Pr 22:14. 2. is prob. denom. from זַעַם (v. Buhl). express indignation in speech, denounce, curse (‖ יִקְּבֻהוּ Pr 24:24; ‖ אֶקֹּב and אָֽרָה־ Nu 23:7, 8^(×2) (E); אֵיפַת רָזוֹן זְעוּמָה Mi 6:10 an ephah of scantiness, denounced, or cursed.

Niph. Pt. pl. פָּנִים נִזְעָמִים Pr 25:23 face stirred with indignation.

† זַ֫עַם n.m. ^{Is 10:25} indignation;—ז׳ Is 10:25 + 7 times; זָ֑עַם Is 26:20 + 2 times; sf. זַעְמִי Is 10:5 + 3 times; זַעַמְךָ ψ 102:11; זַעְמֶ֑ךָ ψ 38:4; 69:25; זַעְמוֹ Is 13:5 + 3 times;—indignation of men Ho 7:16 Je 15:17; elsewhere of י׳ Is 26:20; 30:27 Na 1:6 Hb 3:12 ψ 38:4; 102:11 Dn 11:36; ‖ חרון אף ψ 69:25 Zp 3:8; ‖ עברה ψ 78:49 Ez 21:36; 22:31; ‖ קצף Je 10:10 ψ 102:11; ‖ אף Is 10:5, 25; 30:27; cf. בזעם אפו La 2:6; שׁפך ז׳ על ψ 69:25 Ez 21:36; 22:31 Zp 3:8; כְּלֵי זַעַם Is 13:5 Je 50:25; יום זעם Ez 22:24; אחרית הזעם Dn 8:19.

† [זָעַף] vb. be out of humour, vexed; be enraged (Aramaic ܙܥܰܦ rage against, זְעַף to storm, זַעֲפָא storm; cf. Sam. ࠆࠏࠐblow, breathe)—

Qal Impf. יִזְעַף Pr 19:3; וַיִּזְעַף 2 Ch 26:19; Inf. וַעְפּוֹ 2 Ch 26:19; Pt. pl. זֹעֲפִים Gn 40:6 Dn 1:10;— 1. be out of humour Gn 40:6 (E); dejected, of face Dn 1:10; sq. עַל Pr 19:3 fret against (AV). 2. be enraged (late: cf. Aramaic above) 2 Ch 26:19; sq. עִם v 19.

† זַ֫עַף n.m. storming, raging, rage (poet. and late)—ז׳ abs. 2 Ch 16:10; 28:9; cstr. Is 30:30 + 2 times; sf. זַעְפּוֹ Jon 1:15;—

1. rage of king, leading to violence Pr 19:12 (‖ נַהַם כַּכְּפִיר), 2 Ch 16:10 (בְּז׳ עִמּוֹ עַל־זאת; ‖ כעם), 28:9; ז׳ אַף Is 30:30 raging of anger (of י׳); ז׳ י׳ Mi 7:9.

2. raging of sea Jon 1:15.

† זָעֵף adj. out of humour, vexed, only of Ahab 1 K 20:43; 21:4 (‖ סַר).

† [זָעַק] vb. cry, cry out, call (‖ form of צעק q.v.; Arabic زَعَقَ, Aramaic ܙܥܰܩ )—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְזָעָ֑קָה 2 S 13:19; 1 s. זָעַקְתִּי ψ 142:6; 3 pl. זָֽעֲקוּ Ju 6:7 + 3 times; וְזָעֲקוּ consec. Ju 11:11 + 2 times; 2 mpl. וּזְעַקְתֶּם consec. 1 S 8:18; Impf. 3 ms. יִזְעָ֑ק Is 15:5; וַיִּזְעַק 1 S 7:9 + 5 times, etc., Imv. זְעַק Ez 21:17; fs. זַעֲקִי־ Is 14:31, cf. Je 48:20 Kt; וְזַעֲקוּ Ju 10:14 + 2 times; וּזְעָ֑קוּ Je 48:20 Qr; Inf. cstr. מִזְּעֹק 1 S 7:8; וְלִזְעֹק 2 S 19:29; sf. זַעְקֶ֑ךָ Is 30:19; בְּזַעְקֵךְ Is 57:13 (Ol^{§ 245 b} Ges^{§ 61. 1. R 1});— 1. call, to one’s aid, sq. acc. pers. Ju 12:2. 2. cry, cry out, in need: a. unto God (י׳), sq. אֶל־ Ju 3:9, 15; 6:6, 7; 10:10 1 S 7:8, 9 (+ בעד of intercession), 12:8, 10; 15:11 Mi 3:4 Je 11:11 Hb 1:2 (c. acc. חמס, cf. Ho 8:2 infr.), 2 Ch 20:9 ψ 22:6; 107:13, 19; 142:6 Jo 1:14; sq. אֶל־י׳ + בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹל Ne 9:4; + קוֹלִי ψ 142:2) (‖ התחנן); + בְּלִבָּם Ho 7:14 (opp. הֵילִיל); sq. לְ Ho 8:2 (+ obj. of words uttered), 1 Ch 5:20; sq. sf. Ne 9:28; sq. הַשָּׁמַיִם (without divine name) 2 Ch 32:20 (‖ התפלל); abs., but with implication of cry to י׳ 1 S 8:18 Is 30:19. b. unto other gods, sq. אֶל־ Ju 10:14 Je 11:12 Jon 1:5. c. unto king, sq. אֶל־ 2 S 19:29. d. abs., utterance of horror, anxiety, alarm, distress, sorrow, etc. 1 S 4:13; 5:10; 28:12 (+ בקול גדול), 2 S 13:19; 19:5 (+ קול גדול), 1 K 22:32 = 2 Ch 18:31, Is 15:4; 26:17; 57:13 Je 20:8 (‖ קרא, cf. Hb 1:2 supr.), La 3:8 (‖ אֲשַׁוֵּעַ) Ez 9:8; 11:13; 27:30; also of cry heard by God Ex 2:23 (P); sq. לְ of that in behalf of, or for which one cries Is 15:5 Je 48:31; so sq. עַל־ Je 30:15; sq. acc. cogn. זְעָקָה Est 4:1; ‖ היליל Je 47:2; and especially Imv. Is 14:31 Je 25:34; 48:20 Ez 21:17. e. cry out against one, sq. עַל־ Jb 31:38 if my land cry out against me (‖ יִבְכָּיוּן); cf. also (abs., and without prep.) Hb 2:11 the stone shall cry out of (מִן) the wall.

Niph. Pf. 2 ms. נִזְעָ֑קְתָּ Ju 18:23; 3 mpl. נִזְעֲקוּ Ju 18:22; Impf. וַיִּזָּעֵק Ju 6:34 + 2 times; וַיִּזָּעֲקוּ Jos 8:16;—be called together, assemble, join Jos 8:16 (JE), Ju 18:22, 23 1 S 14:20; sq. אַחֲרָיו Ju 6:34, 35 assembled after him, i.e. joined him as his followers. [= be called out for military service, pass. of Hiph. 1; cf. GFM Ju 18:23.]

Hiph. Impf. וַיַּזְעֵק Ju 4:10 + 3 times; יַזְעִיקוּ Jb 35:9; Imv. הַזְעֶק־ 2 S 20:4; Inf. cstr. לְהַזְעִיק 2 S 20:5;— 1. call, call out, or together, for military service, sq. acc. Ju 4:10, 13 2 S 20:4, 5. 2. make a crying Jb 35:9 (יְשַׁוְּעוּ in ‖ cl.) 3. have proclamation made ויז׳ ויאמר Jon 3:7. 4. call out to, or at, sq. acc. וַיַּזְעֵק אֹתִי וַיְדַבֵּר Zc 6:8 (si vera l.; Gr queries וַיָּעַר?).

† זְעָקָה n.f. cry, outcry, abs. ז׳ Je 18:22 + 5 times; cstr. זַעֲקַת Gn 18:20 + 3 times; sf. זַעֲקָתִי Jb 16:18; זַעֲקָתָם Is 15:5 + 3 times;—

1. outcry, against, זַעֲקַת סְדֹם וגו׳ Gn 18:20 (J).

2. cry of distress, concerning something זַעֲקַת־שֶׁבֶר Is 15:5 (obj. of יְעֹעֵ֑רוּ; cf. בִּבְכִי in prev. cl.); abs. v 8 (subj. of הִקִּיפָה, ‖ יְלָלָה); Je 18:22 (תִּשָּׁמַע ז׳), 20:16; 48:4; 50:46 Ne 5:6; 9:9 (all c. שׁמע), Je 48:34 (joined with נתן קול), Jb 16:18 Est 9:31 (lamentation), cf. 4:1 (ז׳ גְּדוֹלָה וּמָרָה, acc. cogn. c. זעק); specif. זעקת־דָּ֑ל Pr 21:13 cry of poor; קול ז׳ Is 65:19 (‖ קול בכי), Je 51:54 Ez 27:28.

3. outcry, clamour זעקת מושׁל בַּכְּסִילִים Ec 9:17 (opp. דברי חכמים בְּנַחַת נשׁמעים).

זער (Arabic زَعِرَ be scanty, of hair, plumage, etc.; Aramaic ܙܥܰܪ, זְעַר be or grow small; cf. צער).

† זְעֵיר n.[m.] a little (diminutive form Ol^{§ 180} Lag^{BN 85})—

1. of quantity, amount (of instruction) ז׳ שָׁם ז׳ שָׁם Is 28:10, 13 (in both ‖ צַו, קַו).

2. of time, כַּתַּר־לִי ז׳ וַאֲחַוֶּ֑ךָּ Jb 36:2.

† מִזְעָר n.[m.] a little, a trifle, a few.

1. of time עוֹד מְעַט מִזְעָ֑ר Is 10:25; 29:17 yet a trifle, a little = a very little while.

2. of number שְׁאָר מְעַט מִזְעָר Is 16:14 a remnant, a very few (opp. לוֹא כַּבִּיר). In Is 3 without מעט:—ונשׁאר אנושׁ מִזְעָֽר ׃ Is 24:6.

† [זִפְרֹן] n.pr.loc. only c. ה loc. זִפְרֹ֫נָה Nu 34:9, place on northern boundary of Canaan; 𝔊 Δεφρωνα, Ἐφρωνα; 𝔊L Ζεφρωνα; site dub., Wetzst^{Hauran 88} proposes Zifrân, NE. from Damascus; Furrer^{ZPV viii. 28} Bd^{Pal 397} (‘perhaps,’) Zaʿferâne, between Ḥumṣ and Hamath; Di rejects both.

† זֶ֫פֶת n.f. ^{Is 34:9} pitch (cf. on format. Ol^{§ 164 c} Sta^{§ 187a}. Word is Armenian according to Lag^{Arm. Stud. 1351, BN 219}; on Egyptian deriv. cf. Cook^{Speaker’s Comm. i. 484}; Arabic زِفْتٌ according to Frä ¹⁵¹, if Shemit., is Aramaic loan-wd. v also Ethiopic ዝፍት Di ¹⁰⁶⁸)—pitch:—וַתַּחְמְרָה בַחֵמָר וּבַזָּ֑פֶת Ex 2:3 of ark of bulrushes; Is 34:9a וְנֶהֶפְכוּ נְחָלֶיהָ לְזֶפֶת וַעֲפָרָהּ לְגָפְרִ֑ית, v 9b והיתה אַרְצָהּ לְזֶפֶת בֹּעֵרָֽה ׃.

† I. [זֵק] n.[m.] missile, spark (√ dub.; cf. NH זִיקִין fiery arrows, Aramaic זִיקָא id., זִיקוּקָא id. + spark, ܙܺܝܩܳܐ shooting star, ray of light, ܙܺܝܩܬܳܐ shooting star)—only pl. זִקִּים of (fire-?) missiles Pr 26:18 (‖ חִצִּים, c. ירה); so זִיקוֹת sparks, brands (as leaping, springing forth?) מְאַזְּרֵי ז׳ (v. אזר) Is 50:11 (‖ קֹדְחֵי אֵשׁ), ז׳ בִּעַרְתֶּם v 11 (‖ אוּר אֶשְׁכֶם).

II. [זֵק], זִקִּים fetters, v. sub II. זקק.

זקן (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

† זָקָן n.m. ^{2 S 10:5} + beard and f. ^{Is 15:2} + chin (Assyrian ziḳnu, Asrb. ^{Annals iv. 29}; Arabic ذَقَنٌ, Aramaic דְּקַן, ܕܩܰܢ )—abs. ז׳ Lv 13:20 +; cstr. זְקַן 2 S 20:9 +; sf. זְקָנִי Ezr 9:3; זְקָנֶ֑ךָ Lv 19:27 Ez 5:1; זְקָנוֹ 1 S 21:14 + 2 times; זְקַנְכֶם 2 S 10:5 1 Ch 19:5; זְקָנָם 2 S 10:4 Lv 21:5; never pl.—