שׂ sîn, 21st letter (with שׁ, q.v.).
שׂאר (√ of foll.; vb. unknown; cf. NH שְׂאוֹר, סְאוֹר; J Aram. סִיאוֹרָא, all leaven).
† שְׂאֹר n.m.:Ex 12:19 leaven ;—abs. שׂ׳: Ex 13:7 (J), Dt 16:4 (D), Ex 12:15, 12:19, Lv 2:11 (all P).
שְׂאֵת v. נשׂא. שָׂב v. שׂיב. p. 670, 966
שׂבךְ (√ of foll.; interweave; NH סָבַח, der. spec., שְׂבָכָה hair-net, etc.; Ar. شَبَكَ insert, interewave; Syr. ܣܒܰܟ rush in, adhere, embrace, be mixed with, ܣܒܳܟܳܐ velum reticulatum; cf. As. šabikû, headdress, Dl:HWB 638).
† שׂוֹבֶךְ n.[m.] network of boughs ;—cstr. הָאֵלָה שׂ׳: 2 S 18:9.
† שְׂבָכָה n.f. lattice-work, network;—abs.
ר׳: 1 K 7:18 +, pl. שְׂבָכוֹת v:41 + , שְׂבָכִים v:17;—
1. prob. window-lattice 2 K 1:2.
2. net-ornament on pillars, 1 K 7:17, 7:17 (om. LXX Kit Benz), v:18, v:20 (crpt., cf. Kit Benz), v:41, v:42, v:42, 2 Ch 4:12, 4:13, 4:13, 2 K 25:17, 25:17 ‖ Je 52:22, 52:23.
3. network, toils, for catcing animals (fig.) Jb 18:8 (+ רֶשֶׁת, פַּךְ, חַמִּים).
שְׂבָכִים v. שְׂבָכָה. above
† שְׂבָם n.pr.loc Nu 32:3, שִֽׂבְמָה v:38, Jos 13:19, Is 16:8, 16:9, Je 48:32; in Moad (Reuben), near Heshbon (cf. also Jerome:Is 16:8) Σεβαμα.
[שָׂבֵעַ,] שָׂבַע:96 vb. be sated, satisfied, surfeited (NH (der. spec.) = BH; so As šebû, Ar شَبِعَ, Aram סְבַע, ܣܒܰܥ, Palm, שבע; the Eth, vb. of same , meaning is s’agba::);—Qal:79 Pf. 3 ms שָׂבַע 1 Ch 23:1, וְשׂ׳: consec. Dt 31:20; 3 pl. שָׂבֵָעוּ Is 9:19, ושׂ׳: consec. Dt 14:29, 26:12, etc.; Impf. 3 ms יִשְׂבַּע Pr 12:11 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׂבְּעוּן Ps 104:28, etc.; Imv. שְׂבַע־ Pr 20:13; Inf. abs. שָׂבוֹע Jo 2:26, 2 Ch 31:10; cstr. לִשְׂבֹּע Ex 16:8, La 5:6, לְשָׂבְעָה Hg 1:6;—
1. be sated (with food), esp. human subj.: a. abs. after אָכַל, Ho 4:10, Is 9:19, Dt 8:10, Ex 16:8 (P), + II t., cf. Is 44:16 (‖אָבַל ); exposing men to arrogance Dt 6:11, 8:12, 31:20, cf. Ho 13:6, 13:6 (Isr. under fig. of cattle), Je 50:19 (id.; c. ב loc.; ‖רָעָה graze); = have (or get) enough to eat Ps 37:19, 59:16, enough to drink Am 4:8, fig. of sword Je 46:10, of wine Hb 2:5. b. c. acc. of food Je 44:17, La 5:16, Ex 16:12 (P), + 6 t., cf. Ez 39:29 (of beasts, in fig.), of earth, sated with water (rain) Pr 30:16, so of trees (acc. om) Ps 104:16, fig. of requital Pr 18:20 b. c. c. מִן of food Jb 19:22 (fig.); fig. of earth having its fill (of rain) Ps 104:13, and (fig. of requital) Pr 18:20a; good sense 12:14 (del. טוֹב, so Toy), bad sense 1:31, 14:14; c. מִן of source Is 66:11 (fig.).
2. more gen., be sated, have desire satisfied: a. abs. Ez 16:28, 16:29 (i.e. with harlotry), Je 50:10 (with plunder), Is 53:11 (with given result); of eyes Pr 27:20, of Shₑ‘ôl and Abaddōn v20, cf. 30:15; = have abundance Pr 30:9 (exposure to arrogance). b. c. acc., be satisfied with, have one’s fill of: Je 31:14, cf. Ps 17:15, 63:6, Pr 5:10, Ec 5:9, cf. (eye subj.) 4:8 Acc. of sons Ps 17:14 (si versa l., but text dub., v. Ol Du, cf. Bae We), days of life, i.e. reach the full limit (+ זָקֵן) 1 Ch 23:1, 2 Ch 24:15. c. c. ב of goodness Ps 65:5, c. מִן id. Ec 6:3. d. c. ל inf., לאֹ־תִשְׂבַּע עַיִן לִרְאוֹת Ec 1:8 (‖מָלֵא )
3. have in excess, be surfeited with: a. lit, with honey (acc.) Pr 25:16. b fig. = be weary of, c. acc. of offerings Is 1:11 (subj. י׳:), tossings Jb 7:4, poverty Pr 28:19, shame Hb 2:16, contempt Ps 123:3, 123:4 c. acc. pers. Pr. 28:17. c. id., c. ב of troubles Ps 88:4, of reproach La 3:30. † Niph. Pt. נִשְׂבָּע sated Jb 31:31. † Pisatisfy, Impf. 3mpl. יְשַׂבִָּעוּ Ez 7:19 they shall not satisfy their appitite (נֶפֶשׁ; ‖מִלֵּא ); Imv ms sf., subj. י׳:, שַׂבְּעֵנִי חַסְדֶָּךָ Ps 90:14 (2 acc.). † Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׂבִּיע 107:9, וְה׳: consec. Is 58:11; 2 fs. הִשְׂבַּ֫עַתְּ Ez 27:33, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׂבִּעַנִי Jb 9:18 2 ms. תַּשְׂבִּיעַ Is 58:10, 1 S וָאַשְׂבִּעַ Je 5:7, sf. אַשְׂבִּיעֶָדָּ Ps 81:17 van d. H., אַשְׂבִּיעֶָךַָ Baer Gi, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׂבִּיעַ Jb 38:27; Pt. מַשְׂבִּיעַ Ps 103:5, 145:16;—1.a. satisfy (esp. with material blessings), subj. י׳:, c. acc. Pers. Je 5:7 (exposing men to arrogance), Is 58:11 (acc.נֶפֶשׁ; of refreshment in drought, ב loc., fig. of help and blessing), Ps 107:9 (acc. נֶפֶשׁ ; ‖מִלֵּא ), cf. 103:5 (ב instr., on acc. v. עֲדִי); c. acc. of ground Jb 38:27 (i.e. with rain); human subj., c. acc. נֶפֶשׁ Is 58:10 b. c. acc. of food + pers., י׳: subj., Ps 81:17 (‖הֶאֱכִיל ), 105:40, 132:15, 147:14; c. acc. pers. + אֹרֶח יָמִים 91:16. c. י׳: subj., acc. rei + ל pers., לְבָל־חַי רָחוֹן מַשׂ׳: Ps 145:16. d. י׳: subj., c acc. of beast + מִמְּךָ (of Pharaoh, in prophetic fig.) Ez 32:4. 2. enrich subj. Tyre, c. acc. gent. Ez 27:33 (‖הֶעֱשִׁיר ). 3. sate, glut (with the undesired), subj. י׳:, c. acc. pers. + ב rei La 3:15, acc. pers. + Jb 9:18.
† שׂ֫בַע n.[m.] satiety, abundance;—abs. לָ׳: Ex 16:3 +, cstr שׂבַע Ps 16:11, לְשׂ׳: Pr 13:25; sf. שָׂבֶעֶָךָ Dt 23:25, שָׂבְעָתּ Ru 2:18;—
1.satiety as to food Ru 2:18; לָשׂ׳: (לֶחֶם) אָכַל Ex 16:3 (P), Lv 25:19, 26:5 (both H), cf. לָשׂ׳: Ps 78:25; כְּנַפְשְׁךָ שׂ׳ אָכַל:: Dt 23:25 eat grapes according to thine appeitite, (namely) thy fill, cf. נַפְשׁוֹ אָכַל לְשׂ׳: Pr 13:25.
2. satisfying abundance, שְׂמָחוֹת שׂ׳: Ps 16:11.
† שָׂבְעָה, [שִׂבְעָה] n.f. satiety;—abs. שׂ׳: Is 56:11 +, cstr. שִׂבְעַת־ Ez 16:49, sf, שָׂבְעָתַח v:28;—
1. as to food, esp. אָכַל לְשׂ׳: eat to satiety, one’s fill, Is 23:18, Ez 39:19; לְשׂ׳: also Is 55:2 (fig.); שׂ׳: of dogs 56:11 (fig.); ־לֶחֶםָשׂ׳: leading to arrogance, as sin of Sodom Ez 16:49 (+ גָּאוֹם, etc.).
2. to carnal desire Ez 16:28 (fig.).
† שָׂבָע n.m.:Gn 41:29 Plenty, satiety;—only abs. שׂ׳:;—1 plenty, of bread-stuffs Gn 41:29, 41:30, 41:31, 41:34, 41:47, 41:53 (E), Pr. 3:10 2. satiety, Ec 5:11.
† שָׂבֵעַ adj. sated, satisfied, surfeited ;—abs. שׂ׳: Gn 25:8, Pr 19:23 ; cstr. שְׂבַע Dt 33:23 +; fs. שְׂבֵעָה Pr 27:7; mpl. שְׂבֵעִים 1 S 2:5;—
1. a. sated with food, c. בַּלֶּחֶם 1 S 2:5; נֶפֶשׁ שְׂבֵעָה Pr 27:7 (opp. רְעֵבָה נ׳: ); abounding in י׳:’s favour (שְׂבַע רָחוֹן) Dt 33:23 (‖מָלֵא ); abs. satisfied Pr 19:23. b. in phr. שְׂבַע יָמִים satisfied with days, in a good old age, Gn 35:29 (P), Jb 42:17 (both + זָקֵן), 1 Ch 29:28 (+ בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה), also abs. שָׂבֵָעַ Gn 25:8 (P; + id. + זָקֵן)
2. bad sense, surfeited with trouble etc.: שְׂבַע רֹגֶז Jb 14:1, קָלוֹן שׂ׳: 10:15.
† I. [שָׂבַר] vb. inspect, examine (van d.H. שֹׁבֵר [so LXX συντρίβων], but Mas. שׂ׳: v. Norzi; hence connex. with Ar. سَبَرَ probe a wound, try, examine, improb., and this (acc. to Frä:261) denom. from Aram. loan-word; improb. also is connex. with Aram. סְבַר think (cf. foll.), Kau:Aram. in AT, 85);—Qal Pt. שׂבֵר, c. ב obj., Ne 2:13, 2:15 I examined into the wall, inspected it closely.
† II. [שָׂבַר] Pi. wait, hope (Aramaism; cf. Aram. סְבַר think, Pa. hope; سَبَرَ believe, hope, Pa. think, Aph. hope);—Pf. 1 S שִׂבַּרְתִּי Ps 119:166, 3 pl. שִׂבְּרוּ Est 9:1; Impf. 3 mpl. יְשַׂבְּרוּ Is 38:18, יְשַׂבֵָּרוּ Ps 145:15, יְשַׂבֵּרָוּן Ps 104:27; 2 fpl. תְּשַׂבֵּרְנָה Ru 1:13;—
1. wait for, ל pers., Ru 1:13.
2. hope for, ל rei Ps 119:166, אֶל rei Is 38:18, אֶל pers. Ps 104:27, 145:15; ל inf. Est 9:1 hope to rule.
† [שֵׂ֫בֶר] n.m. hope;—sf. שִׂבְרִי Ps 119:116, שִׂבְרוֹ עַל־י׳: 146:5.
[שָׂגָא] vb. grow, grow great (√ only in Job; Aramaism; cf. Aram. סְגִי, סְגָא, ܣܒܰܪ, all increase, grow great; OAram. BAram. Palm. א(י)שג adj. much);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. metapl. יִשְׂגֶּא Jb 8:11 (of plant; metapl. from Ges:§ 75 oo; > van d. H. יִשְׂגֶּה). Hiph. 1. make great, pt. מַשְׂגִּיא לַגּוֹיִם Jb 12:23 he maketh the nations great (v.ל 3 b). 2. magnify, laud, 2 ms. תַּשְׂגִּיא פעלו Jb 36:24 that thou magnify his work;—Vid. שׂגה.
† adj. great;—of God, abs. אֵל שַׂגִּיא Jb 36:20; cstr. שַׂגִּיא־כֹח 37:24.
† [שָׂגַב] vb. (inaccessibly) high (cf. Trgum שְׂגַב Pa. [from Heb.] exalt);—Qal Pf.
1. 3 fs. שָֽׂגְבָה Dt 2:36, of city, c. מִן, be (too) high for capture.
2. 3 mpl. שָֽׂגְבוּ Jb 5:11 of pers., be high in prosperity. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׂגַּב Is 2:11, 2:17; נִשְׂגָּֽכPr 18:10; 3 fs. נִשְׂגְּבָה Ps 139:6 Pt. נִשְׂגָּב Is 12:4 +; fs. נִשְׂגָּבָה Is 26:5 +;—1. be high, walls Is 30:13, Pr 18:11; city Is 26:5; God’s knowledge Ps 139:6 (unattainable). 2. be (safely) set on high, Pr 18:10.
3. be exalted, of God Is 2:11, 2:17, 33:5; his name 12:4, Ps 148:13. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׂגֵּב Is 9:10, Ps 107:41; sf. יְשַׂגֶּבְךָ 20:2, etc.;—trans. c. acc.: 1. set (securely) on high, Ps 20:2, 69:30, 91:14; c, מִן, of foe 59:2, affliction 107:41. 2. exalt, in effective hostility, c.עַל, Is 9:10. Pu. Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׂגָ֑ב Pr 29:25 be set (securely) on high. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׂגִּיב Jb 36:22 God acts exaltedly בְּכֹחוֹ.
† שְׂגוּב bn.pr.m. (exalted);—
1. son of rebuilder of Jericho (Hiel) 1 K 16:34 Qr (Kt שׂגיב; בגֹֻזֵ; LXXL om. v.).
2. of Judah 1 Ch 2:21, 2:22 (Σερουχ, LXXL Σεγουβ).
† I. מִשְׂגַּב n. [m. Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 60] secure height, retreat;—מ׳: Psalm +; cstr. מִשְׂגַּב Is 25:12; sf. מִשְׂגַּבִּי Ps 18:3 +, etc.;—
1. a. = strong-hold, חֹמֹתֶיךָ מִבְחַר מ׳: Is 25:12. b. fig. of security Is 33:16.
2. fig. of God as refuge Ps 9:10, 9:10, 18:3 = 2 S 22:3, Ps 46:8, 46:12, 48:4, 59:10, 59:17, 59:18, 62:3, 62:7, 94:22, 144:2.
† II. מִשְׂגָּב Perh. n.pr.loc. in Moab;—הַמּ׳: Je 48:1 (v. Schwally:ZAW viii (1888), 196 Albr:l. c.), Αμαθ; Gf thinks appell. of Ḳir Moab (v. II. קִיר); most sub I. מ׳:
1..
† [שָׂגָה] vb. grow, increase (late; ‖ form of שׂגא);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂגֶּה Ps 92:13 righteous shall grow great like cedar (‖יִפְרַח ), cf. Jb 8:7 (opp. מִחְעָר; v:11 see שׂגא). Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הִשְׂגּוּ־חַיִל Ps 73:12 they have increased riches.
שׂגיב v. שְׂגוּב. שִׂגְשֵׂג v. II. סוּג. above. p. 691.
† [שָׂדַד] vb. Pi. harrow (שׂדד id. Ecclus 38:25 marg. 26; cf. As. šadâdu, draw, drag);—Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׂדֵּד Jb 39:10 (of beast); human subj., c. acc. of ground Is 28:24 (+ יִפְתַּח, ‖יַחֲרשׁ ); יְשַׂדֶּד־לוֹ Ho 10:11 (‖יַחֲרוֹשׁ ; fig. of Jacob).
† שִׂדִּים n. [m.] pl. in n.pr.loc. עֵ֫מֶק הַשּׂ׳: vale of Siddim Gn 14:3 (identif. with Dead Sea), v:8, v:10 (= vale of furrows ? or (Di after Onk Sam of fields (= הַשָּׂדִים); LXX ἡ κοιλὰς [φαραγξ] ἡ ἁλυκή; Renan:Hist. Isr. i. 116; Eng. Tr. i. 98 We:Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. (3) 101 prop. הַשֵּׁדִים ע׳: demon-valley).
שׂדה (√ of foll., meaning unknown; foll. plausibly connected with As. šadû, mountain, used by people whose land was mountainous (cf. Ju 5:18, Dt 32:13 +), by J P Peters:JBL xii (1893), 54 f. and (simultan.) Ba:ES (1893), 65 f. cf. Wkl:Altor. Forsch. ii (1894), 192; Jäger:BAS ii. 282 cp. As. šedtum, pasture-land; Tel Am. (Canaan. gloss) šatê Wkl:Tel Am. 180, 56; Ph. שד = BH, NH = BH, so Ecclus 40:22).
† שָׂדַי n.m.:Ps 96:12 field, land (rare orig. form of שָׂדֶה (q.v. infr.), only poet.);—abs. שׂ׳: Je 4:17, שָׂרָָי Ho 10:4 +;—
1. cultivated field 12:12, also 10:4 (si vera l., but v. Now), yielding food Dt 32:13, La 4:9; שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ׳: Je 4:17 keepers, watchmen of a field.
2. home of wild beasts: בְּהֵמוֹת שׂ׳: Ps 8:8, Jo 2:22, חַיְתוֹ שׂ׳: Is 56:9, Ps 104:11, זִזִ שׂ׳: 50:11, 80:14.
3. plain, opp. sea, Ps 96:12 (cf. שָׂדֶה 3; ‖תֵּבֵל Ps 98:7).
שָׂדֶה:318 n.m.:Lv 27:24 id. (ordinary contr. form Ges:§ 84 a f);—abs. שׂ׳: Gn 2:5, 2:5 +; cstr. שְׂדֵה 14:7 +; sf. שָׂדִי Je 32:7, 32:8, שָֽׂדְךָ Dt 11:15 +, שָׂדֶָךָ 24:19, Lv 25:3, etc.; pl. שָׂדוֹת 1 S 22:7 +, cstr. שְׂדוֹת Ne 12:29; also שְׂדֵי 2 S 1:21, Is 32:12, Ru 1:1 + 8 t. (some might be sg. = שְׂדֵה cf. Ba:ZMG xlii (1888), 351 SS Buhl; note, e.g. שְׂדֵי Ru 1:6a, = שְׂדֵה v: b 4:3; but v. Kö:ii. 1, 77); sf. שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Ne 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ 1 K 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Mi 2:4;—
1. open field, country: a. pasture-land Gn 29:2, 30:16, Ex 9:3 (all J), Dt 11:15, 1 S 11:5 + 10 t. J, JE. b. unfrequented Gn 24:63, 24:65, exposed to violence 4:8 (J), 2 S 14:6, Dt 21:1, 22:25, 22:27, to wild beasts Ex 22:30 (E), Ez 33:27. c. specif. home of beasts: 2 S 17:8, Je 14:5; esp. phr. חַיַּת הַשּׂ׳: Gn 2:19, 2:20, 3:1, 3:14 (all J) of beasts in gen., and, of wild beasts, Ex 23:11, 23:29 (E), Ho 2:14, 2:20, 4:3, 13:8, Dt 7:22, Lv 26:22 (H), Jb 5:23 (‖חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ ), + 16 t.; בֶּהֱמַת הַשּׂ׳: 1 S 17:44 cf. Jo 1:20; אַיְלוֹת הַשּׂ׳: Ct 2:7, 3:5, cf. הַצְּבָיִם אֲשֶׁר בַּשּׂ׳: 2 S 2:18; hunting-ground Gn 25:29, 27:3, 27:5 (all JE), cf. אִישׁ שׂ׳: 25:27 (JE; ‖אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ חַיִד ). d. yielding plants and trees: Gn 25:27 (JE), 30:14 (J), Ex 10:5 (JE), 2 K 4:39, Ez 21:2, 39:10; esp. phr. עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ׳: Gn 2:5, 3:18 (both J), + 6 t. + בַּשּׂ׳: Zc 10:1; שִׂיח הַשּׂ׳: Gn 2:5, גֶּפֶן שׂ׳: 2 K 4:39, פַּקֻּעֹת שׂ׳: v:39, חִיץ הַשּׂ׳: Is 40:15, Ps 103:15, חֶמַח הַשּׂ׳: Ez 16:7; עֵץ הַשּׂ׳: (4 t. עֲחֵי) Ex 9:25 (JE), Dt 20:19, Lv 26:4 (H) Is 55:12 + 8 t.; 2 S 1:21 v. תְּרוּמָה, √ רום. e. stony, אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ׳: Jb 5:23. f. open country, outside of walled city Ju 9:32, 9:42, 9:43, 9:44, 19:16, 1 S 19:3, 20:5, 20:11, 20:11, 20:24, 20:35, 2 K 7:12, Mi 4:10; as battle-ground Jos 8:24 (J), 2 S 10:8 = 1 Ch 19:9, 2 S 11:23, 18:6, outside of military camp 1 S 4:2, 14:15; opp. city (in formula) 1 K 14:11, 16:4, 21:24, Je 14:18, Ez 7:15; שְׂדֵה אֶרֶץ Lv 25:31; as site of small town, country-town 1 S 27:5 (opp. royal city), cf. 1 Ch 27:25; of high places, גְּבָעוֹת בַּשּׂ׳: Je 13:27; quite gen., 1 S 30:11, Je 40:7, 40:13; including road Ju 20:31, 1 K 11:29, Je 6:25; disting. from road Nu 22:23 (JE), 2 S 20:12; outside houses and courtyards Ex 8:9 (P), 1 S 25:15; בַּשּׂ׳: nearly = outdoors Ex 1:14 (P), Ju 13:9; of surface of country or ground, בַּשּׂ׳: Ex 16:25 (JE; = עַל־פְּנֵי הַמִּדְבָּר v:14), cf. 1 S 14:25; so לְַ־פְּנֵי הַשּׂ׳ :(אֶל) 2 K 9:37, Je 9:22, Ez 29:5 (‖הַמִּדְבָּ֫רָה ), 32:4, 39:5; same phr. opp. house, comfort, etc., 2 S 11:11, Ez 16:5, opp. city Lv 14:7, 14:53, opp. tent Nu 19:16 (all P), opp. tent of meeting Lv 17:5 (H). g. = expanse of country, opp. mt., in phr. מְרוֹמֵי שׂ׳: Ju 5:18; הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ׳: Je 17:3 (of Jerus.) is dub.; cf. לְעִי הַשּׂ׳: Mi 1:6 (Je 18:14 v. שָׂדַי).
2. definite portion of ground, field, land: a. cultivated ground Gn 37:7 (E), 47:24 (J; זֶרַע הַשָּׂדֶה), Ex 22:4, 22:4, 22:4, 22:5 (E), Lv 27:16, 27:17 (P), Mi 3:12 (in sim.) Ru 2:2 + 47 t., + תְרוּמוֹת 2 S 1:21, ־זָ֑רַעשׂ׳: Ez 17:5, שָׂדֶה מוֹב v:8 good soil. b. as private property, Mi 5:2, 5:4, Is 5:8, 5:8, Gn 47:20 (J), 23:9, 23:11, 23:13 (P) + 50 t., + 2 Ch 26:23 (as burial-place); also שּׂ׳:(הַ)חֶלְקַת , v. חֶלְקָה; and חֹפִים שׂ׳:, v. חפה. c.city-land, adjacent to city (town) and subject to its control: Gn 41:48 (E), Lv 25:34 (P), Jos 21:12 (P) = 1 Ch 6:41, Ne 11:25, 11:30, 12:29, 12:44; specif. of Zoan Ps 78:12, 78:43. d. territory of nation, tribe: Gn 32:4, Nu 21:20 (both JE), Ju 5:4, Ru 1:1, 1:2, Gn 14:7 + 13 t. + שְׂדֵה נִחֲלַת יִשׂ׳: Ju 20:6. e. territory of king, 2 S 9:7, 13:30.
3. land, opp. sea, 1 Ch 16:32 (opp. הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Ps 96:12), perhaps also mainland Ez 26:6, 26:8 (Co Krae Toy al.; not Sm).
שִׂדִּים v. שׂדד. שְׂדֵרָה v. סדר above, p.690
† שֶׂה n.m.:Gn 30:32 and (less oft.) f.:Je 50:17 one of a flock, a sheep (or goat) (As. šuju, Ar. شَاةُ pl. شَأُ, شِوَأُ, etc. (also wild ox), cf. Egypt. sau, sheep Bondi:65, cf. Id:Ba NB§ 2 b σ);—abs. שֶׂה Gn 30:32 +, cstr. שֵׂה Is 43:23 +; sf. שֵׂיוֹ Dt 22:1, שְׂיֵ֫הוּ 1 S 14:34; not in pl.;—
1. a sheep, or goat, nom. unit. of חאֹן: as property Gn 32:32, 32:32 (J; + עאֹן coll., כְּשָׂבִים, עִזִּים), Ex 21:37, 21:37 (+ שׁוֹר, חאֹן coll.), 22:3 (+ שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר, v:8 (id.), v:9 (id; all E); Dt 22:1 (+ שׁוֹר), 1 S 17:34 (זה Kt van d. H. erron., v. Baer Dr), roaming pasture Is 7:25, straying Ps 119:176 (sim.), slaughtered Is 53:7 (in sim.); + שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר Ju 6:4, 1 S 22:19, Jos 6:21 (J), + id. + גָּמָל 1 S 15:3; as sacrifice Gn 22:7, 22:8 (J), Ex 13:13, Lv 5:12, 12:8, Nu 15:11 (בַּכְּבָשִׂים אוֹ בָּעִזִּים שׂ׳:; all P), Dt 18:3 (+ שׁוֹר), Is 43:23, 66:3 (+ שׁוֹר), מִן־הַצּאֹן Ez 45:15; cf. Ex 34:19 (+ שׁוֹר), v:20 (J), Lv 27:26 (P; + שׁוֹר); fit for sacrifice Lv 22:28 (H); unfit Vulgate:23 (H), Dt 17:1 (both + שׁוֹר); as food 1 S 14:34 (+ שׁוֹר), כְּשָׂבִים וְשׂ׳ :עִזִּים שׂ׳: Dt 14:4 (+ id.); for Passover Ex 12:3, 12:3, 12:4, 12:4, 12:5 (P); fig. of Isr. Ez 34:17, 34:17 (‖, עַתּוּדִים), v:20, v:20, v:22, v:22.
2. coll. flock: שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Je 50:17 (= חאֹן אֹבְדוֹת v:6).
† [שָׂהֵד] n. [m.] witness (Aram. loan-word = Heb. עֵד; √ סְהַד ܣܗܰܪ);—sf. שָֽׂהֲדִי Jb 16:19 (‖עֵדִי ).—שָֽׂהֲדוּתָא Gn 31:47 v. B Aram. Lex.
שׂהר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. شَهْرُ new moon (شَهَرَ is make conspicuous, notorious); Eth 34hr: id.; Targum סִיהֲרָא, Syr. ܣܰܗܪܳܐ moon; O Aram. שהר moon-god Lzb:373).
† [שַׂהֲרוֹן] n. [m.] moon, or crescent;—only pl. הַשַּׂהֲרֹנִים of (non-Israel.) ornaments of camels Ju 8:21, kings v:26, women Is 3:18, LXX μηνίσκοι Vulgate (Is 3:18) lunulae; on crescent as ornament v. Dozy:ii. 760 Lane:Egypt. ii. 314 Perles:Anal. 79, cf. Frä:58.
שׂוֹא v. נשׂא p. 670 a. I, II. שׂוּג v. I, II. סוּג.
שׂוּחַ Gn 24:63 v.I. שׁוּט. p. 1002
† [שׂוּט] vb. swerve, fall away (akin to שָׂטָה q.v.; NH סוּט Hiph. is shake, move away; As. šâṭu, rebel, Meissn:90; Eth. 3ot’a:: bring back, restore; in Vulgate apostatize is סְטָא);—Qal Pt. pl. cstr. וֶשָׂטֵי כָזָב Ps 40:5 those falling away to falsehood (Gunk:Schöpf. 40 וְשָׂטָה).
† [שֵׂט, סֵט] n. [m.] swerver, revolter (?), deeds that swerve (fr. the right?);—pl. וְשַׁחֲטָה שֵׂטִים הֶעֱמִיקוּ Ho 5:2 and revolters have gone deep is slaughter (or שַׁחֲתָה in corruption), but dub.; We Bae Now GASm, cf. Gu:Kau, וְשַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים הֶע׳: and the pit of Shiṭṭim they have made deep; עֲשׂה סֵטִים Ps 101:3 to do deeds that swerve I hate.
† I. [שׂוּךְ] vb. hedge or fence up, about (= II. סוּךְ, q.v.);—Qal Pf. 2 ms. שַׂכְתָּ דַעֲדוֹ Jb 1:10 hast fenced him about (protectingly); Pt. שָׂח Ho 2:8 will hedge up (obstruct) thy way (acc.). p. 692.
† [מְשֻׂכַָה] n.f. hedge (= מְסוּכָה);—cstr. מְשֻׂכַַת חָָדֶק Pr 15:19 (in sim.).—מְשׂוּכֶּתוֹ v. III. שׂכך.
II. שׂוך (? ‖ II. שׂכך: cf. NH סוֹכָה; Aram. סוֹכָא, ܣܰܘܟܳܐ (ms.), סוֹכְתָא, ܣܰܘܟܬܳܐ,—all branch).
† [שׂוֹךְ] n. [m.] branch or brushwood;—sf. 3 ms. שׂוֹכֹּה Ju 9:49 (Ges:§ 91 e; but v. GFM Bu).
† [שׂוֹכָה] n.f. id.;—cstr. שׂוֹכַת עֵחִים Ju 9:48 + perhaps abs. שׂוֹכָה v:49 (so LXX Doorn for MT שׂוֹכֹה).
† שׂוֹכֹה, שׂוֹכוֹ n.pr.loc. in Judah:
1. in Shephelah, שׂוֹכֹה Jos 15:35, 1 S 17:1, 17:1 (fr. LXX Σοκχωθ HPS (after We, cf. Dr) conj. שׂכות), שׂוֹכוֹ 2 Ch 11:7, 28:18, perhaps also שׂכֹה 1 K 4:10 (Buhl Benz SS [‘perh.’]; Th Kit sub 2); mod. Eš-Šuwēke, SSE. fr. Beth Shemesh, in Wady-es-Sanṭ Rob:BR 1. 494 Buhl:Geogr. 194; Σωχω, Σοκχωθ, etc.
2. in hill-country, Jos 15:48 (Kt שׂוכה, Qr שׂוכוֹ), prob. also שׂוֹכוֹ 1 Ch 4:18 (‘son’ of חֶבֶר); mod. Šuwêke, 4 h. S. of חֶבְרֵוֹן Rob:BR ii. 16. 21 Buhl:Geogr. 164; Σωχω(ν).
† שׂוּכָתִים adj. gent. m. pl. a family of scribes 1 Ch 2:55; Σωχαθιειμ, LXXL Σουχαθειμ.
I. שׂוּם, שִׂים :582 vb. put, place, set (cf. Nö:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 532; NH סוּס Pi. designate, fix, שׂום Ecclus 45:5 c, 49:6; Ph. שם, As. šâmu. fix, determine; Sab. שׂים set, set up, Sab Denkm:No. 7, 1. 6 CIS:iv. 1; Ar. شَامَ (ي) is insert, sheathe, also compute; Eth. 3ema:: put, place; Targum שׂוּם, Syr. ܣܳܡ O Aram. שים);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שָׂם Gn 21:14 + (2 Ch 1:5 rd. שָׁם LXX Vulgate Gi Be Kau Benz), sf. שָׂמוֹ Ez 17:4 +, שָׂמָ֫הוּ 7:20; 3 fs. שָׂ֫מָה 1 S 19:13, sf. שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Ez 19:5, 24:7; 2 ms. שַׂמְתָּ Je 32:20 +; 3 pl. שָׂמוּ Gn 40:15 +; 1 pl. שַׂמְנוּ Is 28:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׂוּם Ex 4:11, יָשִׂים Gn 30:42 +, יָשִׂם Jb 23:6; juss. יָשֵׂם 1 S 22:15 +; וַיָּשֶׂם Gn 2:8 +; sf. יְשִׂמֵנִי 2 S 15:4, וַיְשִׂימְךָ 1 K 10:9; 2 fs. וַתָּשִׂימִי Is 51:23; וָאָשִׂים 1 S 28:21 +, וָאָשִׂימָה Ezr 8:17, Ju 12:3 Qr (Kt ואישׂמה); 2 mpl. תָּשִׂימוּ Gn 32:17 +, תְּשִׂימ֫וּן Ex 22:24 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שִׂים Gn 24:2 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שׂוֹם Dt 17:15 +, cstr. שׂוּם 45:7 +, שִׂים Jb 20:4 + 2 S 14:7 Qr (Kt שׂום), שׂימו Is 10:6 Kt (Qr שׂוּמוֹ), etc.; Pt. שָׂם Am 7:8 +, fs. הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Is 51:10 (so rd. for MT הַשָּׂ֫מָה); pl. שָׂמִים Mal 2:2 +; pass. שִׂים Nu 24:21 (cf. Di), Ob:4; f. acc. to most שׂוּמָה 2 S 13:22 (van d. H. שׂימה Kt), but v. infr.; שִׂימָ֫ה Ps 56:9 Bae Buhl, but most Imv. ms.;—put, set (oft. ‖נָתַן 2, q.v.), c. acc. pers. vel rei (expr. or impl.):
1. a. put, set, in a place, + שָׁם Gn 2:8 (J), + acc. loc. 28:11 (E) + 5 t.+, c. 2 acc. + loc., 2 K 10:8 heads (in) heaps at (acc. loc.), cf. Lv 24:6 (עַל); + ב 40:15 (E), fig. of י׳:, put his name, בִּירוּשׁ׳: 2 K 21:47 = 2 Ch 33:7, cf. c. שָׁם 1 K 9:3, Dt 12:5 + 6 t.; esp. ב of receptacle Gn 31:34 (E), Ex 2:3 (E), Ju 6:19 + oft.; sackcloth on (ב) loins Gn 37:34 (J), 1 K 20:31, crown on head Zc 6:11, Est 1:17, shoes on feet Ez 24:17; hook, etc., in nose 1 K 19:28 = Is 37:29, Jb 40:26, incense בְּאַפֶָּךָ Dt 33:10, i.e. cause thee (י׳:) to smell it; feet in stocks (fig.) Jb 13:27, 33:11; knife into throat Pr 23:2 (fig. of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth Ex 4:15 (J), Nu 22:38 (E) + 8 t., + Dt 31:19 teach to say or sing; into heart Jb 22:22, ins. also 1 S 29:10 LXX Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; trust in God Ps 78:7 ; (guilt of) blood into house Dt 22:8, cf. Ju 9:24 (עַל pers.; so, c. נָתַן Dt 21:8, Je 26:15, Jon 1:14); something into hand Ex 4:21 (E), of wonders, i.e. enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer Ju 4:21, booty 1 K 20:6, so (fig.) take one’s life (נֶפֶשׁ) into one’s palm (i.e. risk it) Ju 12:3, 1 S 19:5, 28:21, Jb 13:14; put eyes בַּפּוּח 2 K 9:30 (v. פּוּח, cf. Is 54:11); נֶפֶשׁ ( = person), בַּחַיִּים Ps 66:9 (subj. י׳:); set men at (the use of) implements 2 S 12:31 (prob., cf. Dr HPS; > (ם) וַיָּשַׂ sawed them with, as ‖ 1 Ch 20:3, Th We); 1 K 2:5 (‖נתן ) is dub.; LXXL Klo Kit rd. וַיִּקֹּם; charge something against (ב pers.; properly put in, i.e. attribute, impute, to ) 1 S 22:15, Jb 4:18; so, c. ל pers. Dt 22:14, cf. (ל om.) v:17; put בְּקֶרֶב Am 7:8, Is 63:11, בְּתוֹח Ez 26:12. b. put something upon (עַל) Nu 21:8, 21:9 (E) + oft.; jewels, clothes, on person Gn 24:17 (J), 41:42 (E), Lv 8:8 (P), Ru 3:3, turban Zc 3:5, 3:5, Ex 29:5 (P), Lv 8:9 (P), cf. (prep. Om.) Jb 24:15, 36:13 (fig.), girdle Je 13:1, 13:2, sackcloth 1 K 21:27; אָדָם עַל־הָאָרֶץ שׂ׳: Jb 20:4 (of man’s creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Mi 4:14, Ez 23:24; put, lay, upon (עַל), 2 K 4:29 +; hand Gn 48:18 (J) + 3 t., + upon mouth, in silence Ju 18:19, Jb 21:5, and awe Mi 7:16, so c. ל Jb 29:9, לְמוֹ 40:4, not found40:40, upon (עַל) head 2 S 13:19 (in despair, cf. Je 2:37); acc. of disease Ex 15:26 (J), so (ב pers.) v:26, Dt 7:16; fig., spirit (עַל) Nu 11:17 (JE), name 6:27 (P), duty Jb 37:15 (?), reproach 1 S 11:2, רָעָה תַּחַת מוֹדָה Ps 109:5 (SyrVer Bae וַיָּשִׁיבוּ so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Che); עַל לֵב שׂ׳: Ct 8:6 (sim.), so, fig., = remember, treasure up, Is 42:25, 47:7 (‖זָכַר ), + 6 t., c. אֶל 2 S 13:33, 19:20 (‖ id.); c. ב 1 S 21:13; cf. בְּאָזְנֵי שׂ׳: Ex 17:14 (E), impress upon. c. put, lay, set, c. ל, 2 K 11:16 lay (violent) hands on = 2 Ch 23:15; put end to Jb 18:2, 28:3; set לְמָרוֹם 5:11; render glory to Jos 7:19 (JE ; ‖נָתַן ), Is 42:12; make covenant with 2 S 23:5; set food for Gn 43:32 (J), 2 S 12:20, prep. om. Gn 43:31 (J), so, c. לִפְנֵי 1 S 9:24, 28:22, 2 K 6:22; לִפְנֵי שׂ׳: elsewhere Ju 18:21, of precedence Gn 48:20 b (E) : set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי Ex 19:7, 21:1 (both E), Dt 4:44; God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם Ps 54:5, 86:14; נֶגֶד שׂ׳: also Gn 31:37 (E), נֹכַח Ez 14:4, 14:7; לְעֵינֵי Gn 30:41 (J). d. put, c. בֵּין Jos 24:7 (E) + 5:t. (Ex 8:19 v. פְּדוּת p. 804), + Gn 30:36 (J), 32:17 (E), put space between; c. תַּחַת Ex 17:12 (E), + 3 t. (Ob:7 del. לַחְמְךָ We GASm Now al.) + יָד תַּחַת יָרִח שׂ׳: in oath Gn 24:2, 24:9, 47:29 (all J); put, c. אֶל loc. 1 S 6:11, 6:15, 19:13 a Hb 2:15, אֶל pers. Jb 5:8 commit unto; c. אֵחֶל rei Lv 6:3 (P), מִצַּד rei Dt 31:26 (P); עִמְּךָ שׂ׳: 1 S 9:23 lay up something with thee, reserve it ; put, c. יַחַד Mi 2:12 put together = collect (‖אָסַף קִבֵּץ); without modifier 1 K 18:23, 18:23, 18:25, Ez 30:21 apply bandage (‖נָתַן ).
2. set, direct: a. sword against (ב) Ju 7:22; fig. extend compassion, ל pers. Is 47:6. b. direct לֵב (mind) toward, pay attention to, c. ל 1 S 9:20, Dt 32:46, Ez 40:4, 44:5 b; c. אֶל Ex 9:21 (J), 1 S 25:25, 2 S 18:3, 18:3, Jb 2:3, 34:14 (Bu Du del. לֵב and rd. יָשִׁיב); c. עַל Hg 1:5, 1:7, Jb 1:8; compl. om. Ez 44:5 a, Hg 2:15, 2:18, 2:18, Is 41:22; Ju 19:30 read perh. לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵחָה for עֻחוּ), v. esp. GFM:Heb. Hpt.; לֵב om., Is 41:20 ( + רָאָה, יָדַע, הִשְׂכִּיל), c. ב pers. Jb 23:6 (so Bu, who cps. 4:20, 24:12, 34:23, but all cases dub.); שִׂים לֵב, c. עַל = intend Dn 1:8 (obj. cl.). c. set face (פָּנִים) toward (acc. loc.) Gn 31:21 (E), + לָבוֹא Je 42:15, 42:15, 42:17, 44:12, cf. 2 K 12:18, Dn 11:17; c. אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Ez 6:2 + 5 t. Ez, c. עַל Ez 29:2, 35:2, c. דֶּרֶח of direction 21:2; c. ב (fig. of oppos., subj. י׳:): הִנְנְי שָׂם פָּנַי בָּכֶם לְרָעָה Je 44:11, cf. 21:10, Ez 15:7 (‖נתן ), Lv 20:5 (P); c. ל rei (human subj.) Dn 11:18 Qr ( < Kt ישׁב); c. עַל pers. + לִמְלֽח of purpose 1 K 2:15; set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, c. עַל pers. = behold Gn 44:21 (J), = look after, take care of Je 39:12, 40:4, לְטוֹבָה 24:6, but לְרָעָה Am 9:4.
3. a. set, ordain, c. acc. rei Nu 24:23 ( > acc. pers. Di). b. set, establish a law, statute, + ל pers. Ex 15:25, Jos 24:25 (both E), cf. Pr 8:29; + ב loc. Is 42:4, Ps 78:5 (‖הֵקִים ), also 81:6, Je 33:25 + 2 S 20:19 (שָׂמוּ for שְׁלֻמֵי LXX Ew We Kit Bu HPS, cf. Dr); establish something as (ל) law Gn 47:26 (J), 1 S 30:25 ( + ל pers.); establish bazaars (as a right), ב loc., 1 K 20:34; appoint a set time Ex 9:5 (J), Jb 34:23 (rdg. מוֹעֵד for עוֹד GHBWr Bu), ins. (perh.) 1 S 13:8 so Dr Klo HPS ( > ins. אמר Th We Bu Kit, after LXX Tagrum); a place, + ל pers. Ex 21:13, 2 S 7:10 = 1 Ch 17:9, ל rei 1 K 8:21 ( + שָׁם). c. set, found a nation, Is 44:7 (several.), establish it Ps 89:30 (לָעַד). d. set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל pers. vel gent., Ex 1:11, 5:14, 18:21 (all E), Dt 17:14, 17:15, 17:15, 17:15, Ju 11:11 ( + ל of office), 2 S 17:25 ( + תַּחַת instead of) + 6 t. + Gn 47:6 (J; second acc. = ruler, expressed), 2 S 23:23 (אֶל), עַל in ‖ 1 Ch 11:25; also 2 acc. + ל and ב loc. Ps 105:21; ב loc. 2 S 15:4, 2 Ch 33:14, בְּראֹשׁ at the head of, Dt 1:13, 2 acc. alone Ct 1:6; c. acc. pers. + ל pers. Gn 27:37 (E), Ho 2:2, 1 S 8:5 ( + inf.); + of title Gn 45:8, 45:9, Ex 2:14 ( + עַל; all E) + 4 t. + Ju 8:33 ( + ל pers.), + Ez 44:8 (perh. rd. וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hi Sm Co and most); + ל of purpose Hb 1:12; + ב of position, ל pers. 1 S 8:11; c. acc. of office alone 1 S 8:12 ( + ל pers.), so Co Ez 21:27 a (כָּרִים, v. בַּר sub כרר), 1 K 20:24 ( + תחת), cf. 2 Ch 23:18, + עַל, אֶל, of task Nu 4:19 (P); Jb 7:20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him. e. set, constitute, make, c. כ pers. vel rei, Gn 13:16 (J) I will make thy seed the dust, 32:13 (J) 48:20 (E), Dt 10:22, Ho 11:8 + 16 t. + (bad sense) Ho 2:5, Na 3:6, 1 K 19:2. f. set, determine, fix, bounds Je 5:22 (2 acc.) Jb 38:5, 38:33, Ps 104:9; pass. determined, settled, + עַל־פֶּה 2 S 13:32 (but v. II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹךְ Ex 8:8 (J), c. acc. pers. + עַל against 2 K 18:14.
4. a. set, station, at a post, etc., acc. pers. Jos 8:13 (JE), + ב loc. 2 K 10:24, Je 9:7 + 5 t., + adv. acc. Gn 33:2 (J), + בֵּין loc. Jos 8:12, + ל (against) and אַחֲרֵי loc. v:2 (both JE), + ל against Ju 9:25 ( + עַל loc.), + אֶל against 20:29, 20:36; doubtful are 1 S 15:2 (c. ל pers.), 1 K 20:12, 20:12 (עַל־הָעִיר), where no obj. expr. (in MT); either an obj. has fallen out, or vb. (in techn. Military sense), here intrans. or inwardly trans. (Dl:ZK ii. 397 forward ! take direction toward; cf. also [on Sm] We Dr Löhr), or else שׂ׳: is corrupt (cf. HPS:sm) b. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, c. acc. 1 S 21:7, Ez 21:27, Nu 4:6, 4:8, 4:11, 4:14 + 4 t. P, Jb 38:10; + עַל Ex 32:27 (E), 40:20 (P), מִמַּעַל ל Je 43:10, מֵעַל Est 3:1; + (various modifiers) 8 t.; set in place, תֵּבֵל Jb 34:13 (De al.), but context favours שָׁמַר Bu; Du לִבּוֹ בְּתֵבֵל שׂ׳:. c. set up altars 1 K 2:19, Je 11:13, stone as memorial Gn 18:18 (J), 28:22 (E), 1 S 7:12 (cf. הֵקִיםַ Gn 31:45 + ), image, etc. Ju 18:31 (‖הֵקִים ), Dt 27:15, 1 K 12:29 (ב loc., ‖נָתַן ), 2 K 21:7 (ב loc.) = 2 Ch 33:7, cf. Ps 74:4, Is 57:8 and, + ב loc., Je 7:30, 32:34; rods before (לְעֵינֵי) cattle Gn 30:41 (‖וַיַּצֵּג v:38), cf. v:42, guide-posts Je 31:21, bed 2 K 4:10 ( + ל pers.). d. = plant, wheat Is 28:25, tree 41:19 (ב loc.; ‖נָתַן ), slip Ez 17:5 (עַל by). e. set, fix (countenance) 2 K 8:11, so usu., but acc. om., and sense dub.; read perh. וַיִּשֹּׁם (√ שׁמם, cf. e.g. 1 K 9:8), so Klo Kmp Kit Benz.
5. a. make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into (ל), Jos 6:18 (J) make camp לְחֵרֶם, Mi 1:6 make Samaria לְעִיִ, Gn 21:13, 21:18; (E), Ex 14:21 (JE), Mi 4:7 (both good sense), Is 28:17, 42:15, 42:16 + 12 t. Is. (25:2 rd. עִיר for מֵעִיר Vrss. Comm.), Je 2:7 + 8 t. Je, + 14 t. + Ju 1:28 they made the Can. into the corvêe; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶח פְּעָמָיו Ps 85:14 maketh his steps into a way (so RV Hup Che Dr, but meaning obscure; De Bae attend to the way of (לֵב om.); Schr Hup-Now rd. וְיִשְׁמֹר ד׳:); c. 2 acc. Jos 8:28 (J), 1 S 11:11, Mi 1:7, 1 K 5:23 (praegn. c. עַד loc.), + 29: t. b. make, constitute, 2 acc., 1 S 8:1, 18:13 ( + ל pers.) 22:7 (לְבֻלְּכֶם, ל of acc.; or < rd. וְכֻלְּכֶם), Is 3:7, 60:17 + 6 t., + 1 S 11:11 form people in bands, cf. Jb 1:17 (one acc., form bands), + (acc. pers. Om.) Ex 4:11b (J), cf. (beast, in fig.) Ez 19:5; 2 acc. and acc. + ל in same ver., Is 54:12 I will make rubies thy prinnacles, and (transform) thy gates into carbuncles; in phr. of naming, שָׂם שְׁמוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 K 17:34, cf. Ju 8:31, Ne 9:7; c. ל, וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֹת Dn 1:7, לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר וַיּ׳: v:7; make, fashion, c. acc. rei + ל pers. Ex 4:11a (J; י׳: subj.); grave Na 1:14 (but on text and mng. v. Now Bi:SB Wiener Ak. 1894, Abh. V); c. acc. דֶּרֶח Is 43:19 (ב loc.), cf. Ez 21:24, 21:25 ( + ל inf.); Ps 50:23 is dub., usu. order (one’s) way, De Dr prepare way (which), et., Gr Che תֹּם for שָׂס; make name + ל pers. 2 S 7:23 = 1 Ch 17:21, 2 S 14:7; make for, ל pers. (or give to), c. acc. of posterity Gn 45:7 (E); 1 S 2:20 rd. prob. יַשַׁלֵּם LXX We Kit Bu HPS, cf. Dr ; Ezr 10:44 b is obscure, Gu-Batten del. וַיָּשִׂימוּ and rd. וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ bef. נָשִׁים, cf. 3 Esdr 9:36 Be-Ry Ryle. c. work, bring to pass, c. acc. rei, of י׳:’s signs, etc., + ב loc. Ex 10:2 (J), Je 32:20, Is 66:19, Ps 46:9, 78:43, 105:27. d. appoint, give, acc. rei Nu 6:26 (P), Is 61:3 (‖נָתַן ; both c. ל pers.); a pledge Jb 17:3 (‖עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but rd. perh. עֶרְבֹנִי as obj., v.p. 786 b); וַשׂוֹם שֵׂכֶל Ne 8:8 giving understanding (making sense clear). † Hiph. Pf. 1 S. consec. וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ez 14:8, acc. pers. + ל, I will make him for a sign (< שׁ for שׂ van d. H., √ שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae וַהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ); Imv. fs. הָשׂימִי 21:21, prob. del as dittogr. Co Krae after LXX SyrVer Vulgate Targum Nö:ZMG xxxvii (1888), 530 ( > Bö Toy al. הִקְדִּימוּ); Pt. מֵשִׂים Jb 4:20 = Qal (לֵב) שׂום (v:23b), but phr. dub., and text perh. Crpt., v. Me Nö:l.c. † Hoph. Impf. 3 ms. וַּיּוּשׂם Gn 24:33 Qr (Kt ויישׂם Ges:§ 78 f) there was set before him (לְפָנָיו) to eat, cf. Ol:MB Ak. 1870, 389 Kö:i. 435, who read also וַיוּשַׂם 50:26 he was laid in (ב) a mummy-case (for MT וַיִּישֶׂם), Di: (ed. 4.5.6) allows this.
†[יְשִׂימִאֵל] n.pr.m. Simeonite (Ēl establisheth);—וִישׂ׳: 1 Ch 4:36 (van d. H. Gi; Baer וִישִׂימִיאֵל); LXXL Ισμαηλ.
† תְּשׂ֫וּמֶת n.f. (deposit, then, cstr. יַד׳ :ת׳: pledge; security, Lv 5:21 (P; ‖פִּקָּדוֹן ).
II. שׂום, שׂים (perh. √ of foll.; cf. Ar. شَأَمَ be inauspicious, شُؤْمُ ill-luck).
† שׂוּמָה (van d. H. שׂימה Kt) perhaps n.f. token of unluckiness, scowl ;—2 S 13:32, so EwG iii. 234, H.172 (abbrev.fr.שׂמאל; or emend. שִׁטְמָה) We RS:Ency. Brit.(9) DAVID Kit, cf. Dr HPS.
† [שׂוּר] vb. saw (‖ form of נָשַׂר; denom. fr. מַשּׁוֹר?);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּשַׂר 1 Ch 20:3 (but v. שׂים 1 a).—Ho 9:12 v. סור; Ju 9:22, Ho 8:4 v. שׂרר; 12:5 v. שׂרה. p. 673, 6931, 962f, 975, 979
† שׂוֹרָה Is 28:5 prob. dittogr. for foll. שְׂעֹרָה (Koppe We Che al.; LXX SyrVer om.); > Vulgate Ges Di al. in rows (adv. acc; but NH שׁוּרָה, Ar. سُورُ, Lag:GGN 1889, 298; cf. Vogelst:Landwirthsch. 41 who favours שׁ׳: in Is. More plausible would be some grain, as שורה Zinj. Inscr., Lzb:374 Sachau:Panammu 23).
† שׂוּשׂ, שִׂישׂ vb. exult, rejoice (Nö:ZMG xxxvii(1893), 536 der. (‘perh.’) fr. interj., as شَأْشَأْ an enticing call, so Gerber:20);—QalPf. 3 ms. שָׂשׂ Dt 28:63 +, 1 S. שַׂשְׂתִּי Ps 119:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׂישׂ Dt 28:63 +, 3 mpl. יְשֻׂשׂוּם Is 35:1 (Ges:§ 47 n Kö:i. 510, but ם erron. Kenn Ol:§ 244 a, prob. dittogr., so Lo Hi Gr Che:Hpt Marti), etc.; Imv. fs. שִׂישִׂי La 4:2, mpl. שִׂישׂוּ Is 65:18, 66:10; Inf. abs. שׂוֹשׂ 61:10; cstr. לָשׂוּשׂ Dt 30:9;—exult, display joy, c. עַל over, Dt 28:63, 28:63, 30:9, 30:9, Je 32:41, Is 62:5, Zp 3:1 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖גִּיל ), Ps 119:162; c. ב Is 61:10 (שׂוֹשׂ אָשִׂישׂ), 65:19, Ps 35:9 (all גּיל) 40:17, 68:4 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖עָלַץ ), 70:5 (all ‖שָׂמַח ; 119:14, Jb 39:21 (horse), Ps 19:6 (sun, as athlete); c. בִּי and cl. La 1:21; abs. Is 35:1, 65:18 (both גִּיל), 64:4 (but del. שָׂשׂ וְ LXX Gr Du Che:Hpt Marti), 68:14; La 4:21 (‖שָׂמַח ), Jb 3:22 (‖שָׂמַח אֱלֵי־גִיל ), Is 66:10 (acc. cogn.; ‖גִּיל ), שָׂמַח).—Ez 21:15 is crpt., Co rds. לְאַנְשֵׁי (for נָשִׂישׂ), Krae לִנְשִׂיאֵי, other conj. in comm.: on cl. vid. esp. Da Toy:Heb.Hpt.
† שָׂשׂוֹן n.m.:Is 51:3 exultation, rejoicing ;—abs. שׂ׳: Ps 45:8 + , שָׂשׂן Est 8:16; cstr. שְׂשׂוֹן (Sta:§ 296 e) Ps 51:14, 119:111;—exaulation, joy (esp. in י׳:’s favour), Jo 1:12, Is 12:3, Ps 51:14, 105:43, 119:111; שֶׁמֶן שׂ׳: (i.e. with which guests were anointed; fig.) Ps 45:8, Is 61:3 (opp. אֵבֶל); שֵׁם שׂ׳: Je 33:9 (‖תְּהִלָּה ; on text v Gie Albr:ZAW xvi(1896), 115); elsewh. ‖שִׂמְחָה : Je 7:34, 15:16, 16:9, 25:10, 33:11, Is 22:13 (only here condemned as reckless, wanton), 35:10, 51:3, 51:11, Zc 8:19, Ps 51:10, Est 8:16, 8:17; ‖שָׂמַח Je 31:13 (opp.אֵבֶל).
† מָשׂוֹשׂ n.m.: Is 24:8 id.;—abs. מ׳: Is 32:13 +, cstr. מְשׂוֹשׂ Jb 8:19 +; sf. מְשׂוֹשִׂי Je 49:25, מְשׂוֹשָׂתּ Ho 2:13;—exultation, in gen., La 5:15 (opp. אֵבֶל), Is 24:11, 66:10 (acc. cogn.); of bridegroom 62:5; תֻּפִּיס מ׳:, 24:8, בִנּוֹר מ׳: v:8; בָּתֵּי מ׳: 33:13; of Jerus.(as causing joy) 60:15, Ps 48:3, La 2:15, cf. Je 49:25 (קִרְיַת מְשׂוֹשִׂי; ‖תְּהִלָּה ), Is 65:18 (‖גִּילָה ); דַּרְבּוֹ מ׳: (of godless man) Jb 8:19; פְּרָאִים מ׳: Is 32:14, i.e. desert.—מ׳: Is 8:6, si vera l., is cstr. before prep., but (מִפְּנֵי) מָסוֹס, Hi Gie Che Du Kit Marti al.
שֵׂחַ v. שִׂיח p.967
† [שָׂחָה] vb. swim (NH סָחוּ swimming; Targam סְחָא, Syr. ܣܚܳܐ swim, bathe, also סָחְיָא, סַחְיָנָא, שָׂחְיָנָא swimmer; Aph. wash);—Qal Pt. + Inf. cstr. יְפָרֵשׂ הַשּׂחֶה לִשְׂחוֹת Is. 25:11. Hiph. Impf. 1 S. אַשְׂחֶה Ps 6:7 I make my bed swim (with my tears; another view sub שִׂיחַQal 1).
† שָׂ֔חוּ n.[m. Sta § 192 a] swimming (on format. (and tone) Ges: § 84 a c Kö:ii. I, 60, 497);—מֵי שׂ׳: Ez 47:5.
† [שָׂחַט] vb. squeeze out (so NH סָחַט, Aram. סְחַט; Mand. סהט spread out Nö:M 238);—Qal Impf. I S.וָאֶשְׂחַט Gn 40:11 (E; אֶת־הָעֲנָבִיס אֶל).
† [שָׂחִיף] adj. ? doubtful (van d. H. שְׁחִיף; √ unknown);—cstr. שְׂחִיף עֵץ Ez 41:16 usually panelled, wainscotted, with wood; or n. a wainscot of wood, but Co חִפּוּי, Toy חָפוּי (cstr. חֲפוּי).
† שָׂחַק vb. laugh (‖חהק , q.v.; NH שָׂחַק, סָחַק; Eth. 3ah.aqa:);—QalPf. 3 ms. וְשׂ׳: consec. Pr 29:9; 3 pl. שָֽׂחֲקוּ La 1:7; Jb 30:1; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂחַק Jb 39:7 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׂחוֹק Ju 16:24, Ec 3:4;—l. a. laugh at, usu. in contempt, derision, c. עַל pers. Jb 30:1, Ps 52:8; עַל rei La 1:7 c. ל pers. God subj. Ps 37:13, 59:9 (‖לָעַג ); c. ל rei vel pers.= have no fear of, Hb 1:10, Jb 5:22, Pr 31:25 also, fig., of noble animals Jb 39:7, 39:18, 39:22, 41:21; abs., Pr 29:9 (opp. רָגַז), of י׳: Ps 2:4 (‖לָעֵג ), of wisdom Pr 1:26 (ב temp.; ‖ id.).b. c. אֶל pers., appar. of friendly laugh Jb 29:24; in gen. Ec 3:4 (opp. בָּכָה). 2. sport, play, Ju 16:27. Pi. Pf. I S. וַשִׂחַקְתִּ֫י 1 S 6:21; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׂחֶק־ Ju 16:25, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְשֵׂחֶק־ Ps 104:26; Pt. מְשַׂחֵק Pr 26:19, 1 Ch 15:29, f. מְשֵׂחֶ֫קֶת Pr 8:30, 8:31; pl. מְשַׂחֲקִים 2 S 6:5 +, מְשַׂחֲקוֹת 1 S 18:7;—
1. make sport, Ju 16:25 (ל pers.) 2 S 2:14 (לִפְנֵי pers.; in tournament), Pr 8:30 (לִפְנֵי), v:31 ב loc).
2. jest, Pr 26:19.
3. play: incl. instr. music, singing and dancing 1 S 18:7, c לִפְנֵי י׳:. 2 S 6:5 (ב instr.), = 1 Ch 13:8, 2 S 6:21, 1 Ch 15:29 ( + מְרַקֵּד); of merry-making Je 15:17 (‖עָלַז ), 30:19, 31:4; of children’s sport Zc 8:5; of beasts Jb 40:20, Ps 104:25; of man, play with (ב) crocod, Jb 40:29. Hiph. (declar.) Pt.. pl. מַשְׂחִיקִים 2 Ch 30:10 they uttered mockery עֲלֵיהֶם (‖מַלְעִנִים ).
† שְׂחֹק, שְׂתוֹק n.[m.] laughter, derision, sport (prop. inf. cstr.);—abs. שְׂחֹק Je 48:26 + 5 t.; cstr. Ec 7:6; abs. שְׂחוֹק Je 20:7 + 7 t.;—
1. laughter (joyous) Jb 8:21 (‖תְּרוּעָה ), Ps 126:2 (‖דִנָּה ), Ec 2:2 (‖שִׂמְחָה ), 10:19 (‖שִׂמֵּחַ ); as hollow Pr 14:13 (opp. כָּאַב), Ec 7:3 (opp. כַּעַס), cf. הַבְּסִיל שׂ׳: v:6.
2. (object of) derision, הָיָה לִשׂ׳:, Je 20:7, 48:26, 48:27 (rd. לִשׂ׳: for MT הַשּׂ׳: LXX SyrVer Vulgate Gie Du; Co del. vv), v:39, La 3:14; elsewh. Jb 12:4, 12:4
3. sport Pr 10:23.
יִשְׂחָק n.pr.m. v. sub חחק. p. 850
† מִשְׂחָק n.[m.] object of derision, Hb 1:10.
[שֵׂט], שֵׁטִים v. [שׂוט]. p.962
† [שָׂטָה] vb. turn aside (Aram. סְטָא, ܣܛܳܐ id.; שְׂטָא stray; Eth. 3at’aya: III. be seduced, etc.; cf Dr:JPhil. xi (1882), 205);—Qal Pf. 2 fs. שָׂטִית Nu 5:19, 5:20; Impf. 3 fs. תִּשְׂטֶה v:12, v:29, juss. 3 ms. יֵשְׂטְ Pr 7:25; Imv. ms. שְׂטֵה 4:15;—turn aside, of unfaithful wife Nu 5:12 (abs.), + תַּחַת אִישׁ, i.e. while married, v:19 (+ טֻמְאָה adv. acc.), v:20, v:29 (all P); of youth, fr. (מֵעַל) way of evil woman Pr 4:15, toward (אֶל) her ways 7:25.
† [שָׂטַם] vb. bear a grudge, cherish animosity, against (NH שָׂטַם Niph., Targum Gn 27:41 שְׂטַם; perh. akin to שׂטן q.v.);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁטֹם Gn 27:41, 3 mpl. sf. יִשְׂטְמוּנִי Ps 55:4, etc.;—cherish animosity against, acc. pers. Gn 27:41 (J), 49:23 (poem in J), 50:15 (E), + בְּאַף Ps 55:4; of י׳:’s persistent assaults on Job, Jb 16:9, 30:21.
† מַשְׂטֵמָה n.f. animosity;—Ho 9:7 + v:8 (del. We, cf. Now).
שׂטן (√ of following).
† שָׂטָן n.m.:Ps 109:6
1. adversary.
2. Satan (NH שָׂטָן, סָטָן; Aram. שָׂטָנָא, סָטָנָא, Syr. ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ (Hehr.); NH vb. סָטַן, Aram. סְטַן; Ar. شَطَنَ is be remote, esp. fr. the truth, and fr. the mercy of God; شَيْطَانُ Satan, Eth. sayt’4n::);—1. adversary, in gen., personal or national; (ל) הָיָה לְשׂ׳: Nu 22:22 (JE), 1 S 29:4 (cf. Nes:Marg. 15), 2 S 19:23, יָחָא לְשׂ׳: Nu 22:32 (JE); שׂ׳: 1 K 5:18, 11:25; ל הֵקִים שׂ׳:, subj. God 1 K 11:14, 11:23, cf. Ps 109:6 (‖רָשָׁע ). 2. superhuman adversary, הַשּׂ׳:: a. of Job, one of בְּנֵי אֱלֽהִים Jb 1:6, 1:7, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:12, 1:12, 2:1, 2:2, 2:2, 2:3, 2:4, 2:4, 2:6, 2:7. b. of h. p. of Isr. bef. י׳:, Zc 3:1, 3:2, 3:2; LXX. ὁ διάβολος. c. as n.pr. שׂ׳: Satan 1 Ch 21:1 (interpr. 2 S 24:l), LXX διάβολος (LXX σατάν † 1 K 11:14, 11:23; Σατανᾶς Mt 4:10, Mk 1:13, Lk 10:18 + 33 t. NT).
† [שָׂטַן] vb. denom. (Gerber:30) be or act as adversary;—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יִשְׂטְנוּנִי Ps 38:21 109:4; Inf. cstr. sf. לְשִׁטְנוֹ Zc 3:1; Pt. pl. cstr. שׂטְנֵי Ps 71:13, sf. שׂטְנַי 109:21, שׂטְנַי 109:20, שׂוֹטְנַי v:29.
† I. שִׂטְנָה n.f. accusation;—Ezr 4:6.
† II. שִׂטְנָה n.pr. putei (hostility) Gn 26:21 (J).
[שִׂיא], שִׂיאֹן v. נשׂא. p.673
† שִׂיב vb. be hoary (NH שֵׂיבָה old age; As. šêbu, aged man; Ar. شَابَ (ي) become hoary, Eth. 3eba: (in deriv.); Aram. סִיב be old; ܣܶܐܒ grow old, ܣܰܝܒܳܬܳܐ grey hair);—Qal Pf. I S. זָקַנְתִּי וָשַׂ֫בְתִּי 1 S 12:2; Pt. שָׂב Jb 15:10 (+ יָשִׁישׁ aged).
† [שֵׂיב] n.[m.] (hoary) age;—sf. שֵׂיבוֹ 1 K 14:4.
† שֵׂיבָה n.f. hoary head, old age ;—abs. שׂ׳: Ho 7:9 + ; cstr. שֵׂיבַת Gn 44:31; sf. שֵׂיבָתִי 42:38, 44:29, etc.;—
1. grey hair, hoary Ho 7:9(fig.), Gn 42:38, 44:29, 44:31(all J), 1 K 2:6, 2:9, Pr 16:31, 20:29; אִישׁ שׂ׳: Dt 32:25 (opp. יוֹנֵק); ‖זָקִן Lv 19:32 (H), ‖זִקְנָה Is 46:4, + id. Ps 71:18 (in these transition to foll.); fig. of sea Jb 41:24.
2. old age, טוֹבָה שׂ׳: Gn 15:15 (JE), 25:8 (P), Ju 8:32, 1 Ch 29:28; שׂ׳: also Ps 92:15 (trees, in fig. of righteous), Ru 4:15, + 2 S 19:34 (LXX Ew Th Bu Kit, cf. We Dr HPS, אֶת־שֵׂיבָֽתְךָ, for אֹתְךָ).
שִׂיג v. I. [סוג]. p.961
שׂיד (√ of foll.: NH סִיד lime, סַיָּד white-washer; Aram. סִידָא, ܣܰܝܕܳܐ lime, Ar. سِيدُ (not loan-word, cf. Frä:8)).
† שִׂיד n.[m.] lime, whitewash;—always שׂ׳:;—lime, produced by burning bones Am 2:l, in sim. Is 33:12; as whitewash Dt 27:2, 27:4.
† [שִׂיד, שׂוּד] vb. denom. whitewash;—Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְשַׂדְתָּ֫ אֹתָם בַּשִּׁיד Dt 27:2, 27:4.
שֵׂיוֹ, שְׂיֵהוּ v. שֶׂה. p.691
I. שׂיח (√ of foll.; NH שִׂיחַ speak, שִׂיחָה, סִיחָה conversation (oft.); Aram. שִׂיחַ speak; Nö:ZMG xxxvill (1883), 538 cp. Ar. سَاحَ (ي) be eager, diligent, whence (Buhl) eager occupation with sthg. as orig. mng. in Heb., but conjectural).
† שִׂיחַ n.m.:Ps 104:34 complaint, musing;—abs. שׂ׳: 1 K 18:27, Pr 23:29; sf. שִׂיחִי 1 S 1:16 +, שִׂחִי Jb 23:2, שִׂיחוֹ 2 K 9:11, Ps 102:1;—
1. plaint, complaint: Jb 7:13, 9:27, 10:1 (‖מר נפשׁ ), 21:4, 23:2, Pr 23:29, Ps 55:3 (‖אָהִימָה ); קוֹלִי בְּשִׁיחי 64:2; לפני י׳ :שָׁפַח שׂ׳: 102:1, 142:3. Foll. are dub.:
2. musing, 1 K 18:27 (E) of a god, ‖שִׂיג לוֹ , (so RV; SS ‘nachdenken’; Buhl ‘beschäftigt sein’; AV talk); Ps 104:34 of man (Buhl SS. Bae ‘Rede, oder Gesang’).—Vid. also [שֵׂחַ] infr.
3. anxiety, trouble: מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי 1 S 1:16 (defined in MT by כַּעַס, cf. HPS; so Buhl SS, but perh. = 1).
4. talk: שִׂיחוֹ 2 K 9:11 (so RV SS, but meaning obscure in context).
† שִׂיחָה n.f. id.;—abs. שִׂ׳: Ps 119:99, Jb 15:4; sf. שִׂיחָתִי Ps 119:97;—
1. complaint: לִפְנֵי־אֵל שׂ׳: Jb 15:4 (so Bu al., cf. שִׁיחַ 1. De al. meditation, cf. [גָּרֵע]).
2. (obj. of) musing, study: תּוֹרָה Ps 119:97; עֵדוּת v:99.
† שִׂיחַ vb. denom. muse, complain, poet. talk (of);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׂיחַ Ps 119:23; 3 fs. sf. תְּשִׂיחֶָךָ Pr 6:22; 1 s. אָשִׂיחַ Ps 119:78 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שִׂיחַ Jb 12:8, mpl. שִׂיחוּ Ju 5:10 +; Inf.cstr. שִׂיחַ Ps 119:148;—
1. complain: Ps 55:18, 77:4 (both ‖הָמָה ), Jb 7:11 (בְּמַר נַפְשִׁי), + Ps 6:7 (rd. prob. אָשִׁימָה for אַשְׁחֶה).
2. muse: עִס־לְבָבִי Ps 77:7; c. ב, meditate upon, study, God’s עֲלִילוֹת v:13 (‖הָגָה ); פִּקּוּדִים 119:15; 119:78; חֻפִּים v:23, v:48; נִפְלָאוֹת v:27; אִמְרָה v:148; c. acc. דִּבְרֵי נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ 145:5.
3. a. talk (about), sing (of): abs. Ju 5:10 (ode); c. ב, Ps 105:2 = 1 Ch 16:9 (‖שִׁיר , זִמֵּר; so SS Gerber, but poss. = 2, so Dr), Ps 69:13 (ב pers. against; ‖נְגִינוֹת , of mocking words). b. c. sf. pers. talk (with) Pr 6:22 (del. Toy); c. לְ speak to Jb 12:8 (Di ‘sprich sinnend’; Hi Bu rd. שֶׁרֶץ; Kau חַיַּת (so Bu as altern.), Bö al. sub II. שִׂיחַ). Pôl‘el meditate, consider: Impf. 3 ms. יְשׂוֹחֵחַ Is 53:8 (abs.); 1 S.
אֲשׂוֹחֵחַ Ps 143:5 (ב rei; ‖הָגָה ).—Gn 24:63 v. I. שׁוּמ.
[שֵׁךְַ] n.[m.] thought;—sf. מַנִּיד לָאָדָם מַה־ שֵּׂחוֹ Am 4:13; read prob. שִׂחוֹ (against Ba:NB 79, 80) unless otherwise corrupt.
II. שׂיח (√ of foll.; cf. perh. As. šâḫu, grow, grow up (of trees), šiḫtu, appar. a shoot, sprout; NH = BH; Pun. שח; Syr. ܣܺܝܚܳܐ artemisia Judaica, cf. Wetzst:Reisebericht 4, 41 Löw: p.78, so Ar. شِيحُ Lane:1628 (cf. Lag:BN 159)).
† שִׂיחַ n.[m.] bush, shrub, plant;—שׂ׳: abs. coll. Jb 30:4, cstr. הַשָּׂדֶךְ שׂ׳: Gn 2:5 (J); pl. שִׂיחִים Jb 30:7, אַחַד הַשִּׂיחִם Gn 21:15 (E).
I, II. שִׂים, שִׂימָה etc., v. I, II. שׂום. p.962
שֵׂךְ, שֻׂכָּה v. IV. שׂכד. שׂח v. II. שׂכד. p.768
שׂכה (√ of foll.; NH סָכָה look out, Aram. סְכָא look out, hope, סַכְוָאָה watchman, סָכוּתָא (for Heb. מִצְפָּה) outlook-point; ܣܟܳܐ Pa. hope for; Ar. شَكَا (و, ي) is complain (i.e. disclose grief ?), مِشْكَاةُ lamp-niche, Eth. mascot: window).
† שֶׂכְוִי n.[m.] perh. a celestial appearance, phenomenon (Rabb. Thes mind; De(after Talm.) cock (cf. NH שֶׂכְוִי cock, שֶׂכְוְיָה hen, foreign words acc. Dalm), Di ‘Wolkengebilde’);—abs. שׂ׳: perh. of clouds (cf. ‖טֻחִוֹת ) Jb 38:36 (RV:m meteor).
† [שְׂכִיָּה] n.f. very dub., only pl. cstr. שְׂכִיּוֹת Is 2:16: perh. gen. term, Vulgate quod visu pulchrum est, Ges:Comm ‘köstliche Anblicke,’ cf. De; others refer to imagery (cf. מַשְׂכִּית; as attracting the gaze) Che:comm RV Du; watchtowers (v. Aram.) Ew Di RV:m; standards (as conspicuous) Thes; ships (id.) (Bennett [private letter], and now Gunk:Schöpfung 50 Che:HPt Marti, cf. ‖אֳנִיּוֹת ; SS Bu: Jb 40:31 prop. שְׂפִינֹת = ס׳: ships).
† מַשְׂכִּית n.f. show-piece, figure, imagination;—abs. מ׳: Lv 26:1, sf. מַשְׂכִּיתוֹ Ez 8:12, מַשְׂכִּתוֹ Pr 18:11; pl. cstr. מַשְׂכִיּוֹת Pr 25:11, Ps 73:7, sf. מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָם Nu 33:52;—
1. show-piece, specif. carved figure, of idolatrous symbols, Nu 33:52 (P; ‖מַסֵּכֹתָם חַלְמֵי ), אֶבֶן מ׳: Lv 26:1 (‖מַצֵּבָה etc.), חַדְרֵי מ׳: Ez 8:12 ( >del. Co); elsewhere כֶּסֶף מ׳: Pr 25:11 silver carvings.
2. imagination, conceit, Pr 18:11, לֵבָב מ׳: Ps 73:7.
† שָֽׂכְיָה (so Baer Gi; var. שַׂכְיָא; van d. H. שָׁבְיָה; Kit:HPt dub.) n.pr.m. in Benj. 1 Ch 8:l0; Σαβια, Σεβια, LXXL Σεχια; SyrVer Vulgate Sechia.
† שַׂכִּין n.[m.] knife (NH סַכִּין; prob. loanword (Lewy: Fremdw. 176) fr. Aram. סַכִּינְא, ܣܰܟܺܝܢܳܐ id., whence also Ar. سِكِّينُ Nö: M 125 Frä:84; √ dub.);—abs. שׂ׳: Pr 23:2.
† שֵׂ֫כוּ n.pr.loc (si vera 1.) near Ramah (= outlook, Kö:ii. 1, 61);—1 S 19:22; WMM:As. u. Eur. 165 cp. Ṯ-ku in Eg. inscr.; but LXX Εεφ(ε)ι; read שְׁפִי Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS.
I. [שָׂכַךְ] vb. cover, lay over, so as to screen (cf. ‖ √ I. סכן);—Qal Pf. 1 s. וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Ex 33:22 (JE). p. 696
† II. [שָׂכַךְ] vb. weave (cf. ‖ √ II. סכך); Po‘lel Impf. 2 ms. sf. תְּשׂכְכֵנִי Jb 10:11 with bones and sinews thou weavest me together.. p.697
† [שׂךְ] n.[m.] booth, pavilion (שׂ׳: perh. erron., cf. סֹח, סֻכָּה sub II. סכך);—sf. שֻׂכּוֹ La 2:6 his [י׳:’s] pavilion (‖מֹעֲדוֹ ).
III. שׂכך (√ of foll.; cf. I. שׂוך. II. סוך). p.692, 962
† [מְשֻׂכָּה] n.f. hedge;—sf. מְשׂוּכָּתו Is 5:5 (if כּ right); perhaps rd. מְשֻׂכָה v. sub I. שׂוך. p. 962
IV. שׂכך (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. شَكَّ pierce, transfix (Lane: 1582 c), شِكَّةُ weapons; akin also to شَوْكُ, Eth. 3oka: thorn, spine; As. sikkatu, peg, Syr. ܣܶܟܬܳܐ nail do not belong here, cf. Dl: Prol. 196).
† [שֵׂךְ] n.[m.] thorn;—pl. שִׂכִּים Nu 33:55 (P; ‖חְנִינִם ).
† [שֻׂכָּה] n.f. barb, spear;—pl. שֻׂכּוֹת Jb 40:31.
† I. שָׂכַל vb. be prudent (Gerber:47 denom. fr. שֶׂכֶל, but vb. early; NH סָכַל, Hithp. shew oneself attentive (to), look; Aram. סְכַל (rare) understand, Ithpa. look (at), consider, Aph. instruct; שְׂכַל only Aph. (for Heb. הִשְׂכִּיל), understand, make wise; ܣܟܰܠ Pa. teach, Ethpa. understand, etc.; Sam. skl Ithpa. look (for Heb. הִבִּיט); As. šiklu, clever, šklûtu, cleverness, Meissn:Suppl.93);—Qal Pf. 3ms. שׂ׳: 1 S 18:30 be prudent, circumspect (SS HPS); Kit Buhl Gerber al. prosper. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׂכִּיל Je 23:5, 1 Ch 28:19; 1 s. הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי Ps 119:99; 3mp1. הִשְׂכִּילוּ Jb 34:27 +; Impf. יַשְׂכִּיל 1 S 18:5 +; 2 ms. juss. תַּשְׂכַּל Dn 9:25, etc.; Imv. mpl. הַשְׂכִּילוּ Ps 2:10; Inf. abs. הַשְׂכֵּל Je 9:23 +; הַשְׂכֵּיל (Ges: § 53 k) Je 3:15 Jb 34:35; cstr. הַשְׂכִּיל Gn 3:6 +, etc.; Pt. מַשְׂכִּיל 1 S 18:14 +, f. מַשְׂכָָּלֶת Pr 19:14; pl. מַשְׂכִּילִים Dn 11:35 +, etc.; meanings hard to classify: scholars differ greatly;—
1. look at: נְחְמָד הָעֵץ לְהַשְׂכִּיל Gn 3:6 (J) was desirable to look upon (so LXX Ges De; AV, RV to make one wise; Ew Di Buhl SS Dr al. sub 3).
2. give attention to, consider, ponder: Is 41:20, 44:18, Dt 32:29, Ps 64:10, 106:7, Jb 34:27; c. לְ Pr 21:12; c. אֶל Ps 41:2, Ne 8:13; c. עַל Pr 16:20; c. ב Ps 101:2, Dn 9:13.
3. have insight, comprehension: Je 9:23 (‖ יָדַע י׳:), Ps 94:8 (‖בִּין), 119:99, Dn 1:4, 9:25 (‖יָדַע); ל(י)הַשְׂכֵּ as subst. = insight, understanding: as י׳:’s gift to ruler and teacher, ‖דֵּעָה Je 3:15; ‖דַּ֫עַת Jb 34:35; ‖מַדָּע Dn 1:17; מוּסַר הַשׂ׳: Pr 1:3; דֶּרֶךְ הַשׂ׳: 21:16.
4. cause to consider, give insight, teach: י׳: subj., acc. rei, 1 Ch 28:19, acc. pers. Ps 32:8, Ne 9:20; Gabriel subj., 2 acc. Dn 9:22; לֵב חָכָם subj., acc. rei Pr 16:23; c. לְ, Pr 21:11; הַמַּשְׂכִּילִים שֵׂכֶל טוֹב לי׳: 2 Ch 30:22 (but Be Ke Benz etc. who shewed good skill, sc. in music, v:21b); מַוְכִּילִים(הַ) Dn 11:33, 11:35, 12:3, 12:10 the teachers (so Ew Hi Bev; Thes Ke Behrm al. the wise).
5. act circumspectly, prudently: abs. Am 5:13, Ps 2:10, 36:4; מַשְׂכִּיל as subst. Ps 14:2 = 53:3, Pr 10:5, 10:19, 14:35, 15:24, 17:2, Jb 22:2; אִשָּׁה מַשְׂכָָּלֶת Pr 19:14.—Je 50:9 has גִּבּוֹר מַשְׁכִּיל acc. to Mas. (van d. H. Baer Gi), cf. Vulgate, i.e. a child-slaying warrior; but שׁ׳: Hiph. elsewhere only Ho 9:14, of miscarriage; LXX SyrVer Ew and most mod. (Gf Gie Rothst) read מַשְׂכִּיל, either skilful or fortunate.
6. prosper, have success (cf. Dr: 1 S 18:5): abs. 1 S 18:15, Is 52:13, Je 10:21, 20:11, 23:5, Jos 1:8 (D); c. ב, v:7 (D) 1 S 18:5, 18:14 (rd. בְּכָל־ for לְכָל־ Vrss Th HPS al.), cf. 2 K 18:7; c. אֶל, Pr 17:8.
7. cause to prosper: Dt 29:8, 1 K 2:3(D).
שֵׂ֫כֶל, שֶׂ֫כֶל n.m. prudence, insight;—שֵׂ֫׳: abs. Ps 111:10 +, cstr. Pr 19:11 +; שֶׂ׳: abs. 1 S 25:3 +; שָָׂכֶל Jb 17:4; sf. שִׂכְלוֹ Pr 12:8, Dn 8:25;—
1. prudence, good sense: טוֹבַת שׂ׳: woman of good sense 1 S 25:3.
2. insight, understanding: ‖בִינָה 1 Ch 22:12, 2 Ch 2:11, cf. Jb 17:4; טוֹב שׂ׳: Pr 3:4, 13:15, Ps 111:10, 2 Ch 30:22; אִישׂ שׂ׳: Ezr 8:18; יוֹעֵץ בְּשׂ׳: 1 Ch 26:14; בְּעָלָיו מְקוֹר חַיִּים שׂ׳: Pr 16:22; restrains from anger 19:11, wins praise 12:8, fool despises מִלִּים שׂ׳: 23:9; שׂוֹם שׂ׳: Ne 8:8 (‖הֵבִין) set forth (the) understanding (i.e. the meaning).
3. bad sense, cunning, craft, Dn 8:25.
† מַשְׂכִּיל n.m. contemplative poem (Hiph. 2. De al.);—in titles of Psalm Ps 32, 42, 44, 45, 52, 53, 54, 55, 74, 78, 88, 89:142; also 47:8 זַמְּרוּ מ׳:: > Ges al. didactic poem (√ 4); Ew Ri Pe al. skilful, artistic song (√ 3); √ 2 alone fits all cases.
† II. [שָׂכַל] vb. Pi. lay crosswise (so, and not √ I. שׂ׳:, LXX SyrVer Vulgate Targum: Jon and mod., cf. Ar. شَكَلَ bind legs of beast, plait locks of hair);—Pf. 3 ms. שִׂכֵּל אֶת־יָדָיו Gn 48:14 (J); Thes Dr, however, prudentes fecit, fr. √ I. שׂ׳:.
שִׂכְלוּת Ec 1:17 v. סִכְלוּת. p. 698
† שָׂכַר vb. hire (NH id.; Sab. תשכר hire oneself out (?), recompense (?) DHM:Hofmus. 11; Eth. skur: hired; Ar. شَكَرَ reward, thank, mod. Pal. شكارة hired, of land ploughed by hire, Bergheim: PEQ 1894, 196; Palm. שכרא perh. rewarding Lzb:375);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳: Dt 23:5, 2 K 7:6, sf. שְׂכָרוֹ Ne 6:12; I s. sf. שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Gn 30:16; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׂכֹּר Ju 9:4 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׂכֹר Gn 30:16; cstr. לִשְׂכֹּר 1 Ch 19:6; Pt. act. שׂכֵר Pr 26:10; 26:10, pl. שׂכְרִים 2 Ch 24:12 (Ezr 4:5 v. II. סכר); pass. שָׂכוּר Ne 6:13;—hire, retainers Ju 9:4 (ב pret.), soldiers, etc. 2 S 10:6 = 1 Ch 19:6, 19:7, 2 K 7:6, 2 Ch 25:6 (ב pret.), priest Ju 18:4, artificers Is 46:6, 2 Ch 24:12, husband’s favour שָׂכֹר שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Gn 30:16 (J; ב pret.); Pr 26:10, 26:10 obscure, v. De Now Toy; for evil purpose Dt 23:5 = Ne 13:2 (על against), Ne 6:12, 6:13, Niph. hire oneself out, Pf. בַּלֶּחֶם נִשְׂכָָּרוּ 1 S 2:5. Hithp. earn wages, Pt. הַמְּשְׂתַּכֵּר Hg 1:6 (as subst.), מ׳: v:6 (as vb., + אֶל loc., constr. praegn.).
† שֶׂ֫כֶר n.[m.] hire, wages;—abs. עשֵֹׁי שׂ׳: Is 19:10 (= שָׂכִיר); cstr. Pr 11:18.
† I. שָׂכָר n.m.:Ez 29:18 hire, wages, only sg., not c. art.;—abs. שׂ׳: Nu 18:31 +, cstr. שְׂכַר Dt 15:18 +, sf. שְׂכָרִי Gn 30:18 +, etc.;—
1. wages, of servant, Gn 30:28, 30:32, 30:33 (J), 31:8, 31:8, Ex 2:9 (all E), Dt 15:18 (שָׂכִיר שְׂ׳:), 24:15, 1 K 5:20, Zc 8:10, Mal 3:5 (שָׂכִיר שְׂ׳:); soldiers Ez 29:18, 29:19; shepherd (symb.) Zc 11:12, 11:12; beast Ex 22:14 (E), Zc 8:10.
2. = reward, for work done, faithfulness, etc., Gn 15:1 (JE), 30:18 (E) in expl. of name יששכר, Nu 18:31 (P), כִּי לִפְעֻלָּתֵח יֵשׁ שׂ׳: Je 31:16 (cf, 2 Ch 15:7), Is 40:10 = 62:11 (fig. of reward of י׳:’s labours), Ps 127:3, Ec 4:9, 9:5.
3. passage-money, fare, Jon 1:3.
† II. שָׂכָר n.pr.m. 1. father of hero of Dvd. 1 Ch 11:35, Αχαρ, A Σαχαρ (‖שָׁרָר 2 S 23:33). 2. doorkeeper 26:4, Εαχαρ.
† שָׂכִיר adj.hired;—abs. שׂ׳: Ex 14:45 +, f. שְׂכִירָה Is 7:20; cstr. שְׂכֹיר Lv 25:53; sf. שְׂכִירְךָ v:6; pl. sf. שְׂכִרֶיהָ Je 46:21;—
1. hired, of beast Ex 22:14 (E), razor Is 7:20 (fig.).
2. usu. as subst. hireling, hired labourer Dt 15:18, 24:14, Lv 19:13, 22:10, 25:6, 25:40, 25:53 (all H), Ex 12:45, Lv 25:50 (both P), Mal 3:5, Jb 7:1, 7:2, 14:6; כִּשְׁנֵי שׂ׳: Is 16:14 years like a hireling’s years (reckoned strictly), so 21:16; mercenaries Je 46:21.
יִשָּׂשׂכָר v.p. 441 supr.
† [מַשְׂכֹּ֫רֶת] n.f. wages;—sf.: wages of servant, מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּי Gn 31:7, 31:41, תֶָּךָ 29:15; = reward of faithfulness, תֵח- Ru 2:12.
† שְׂלָו n.f.: Ex 16:13 quail (prob, foreign word; Ar. سَلْوَي, Syr. ܣܰܠܘܰܝ, Sam. slwy);—quail, coturnix communis vel vulguris (Tristr:NHB 229 ff. FFP 124 Post:Hast. DB. QUAIL, Di:Ex 16:13):—abs. coll. Nu 11:32 (J), Ex 16:13 (P), Ps 105:40 (in all Qr שְׂלָיו); pl. שַׂלְוִים Nu 11:31 (J; as if from sg. שַׂלְוֶה).
שַׂלְמָא, I. שַׂלְמָה v. שַׂלְמוֹן. below
II. שַׂלְמָה = שִׂמְלָה v. sub שׂמל. p. 971
† שַׂלְמוֹן n.pr.m. father of Boaz Ru 4:21 (LXX Σαλμαν, A LXXL -μων, = שַׂלְמֶה v:20 (LXX id.; rd. prob. מוֹן-), hence שַׂלְמָא 1 Ch 2:11, 2:11 (Σαλμων), also (as father of Bethlehem, on identity v. Be Now:Ruth) v:51, v:54 (Σαλωμων, LXXL Σαμ(α)α)—? rd. שַׂלְמוֹן in all.
† שַׂלְמַי n.pr.m. head of post-ex. family;—שׂ׳:Ezr 2:46 Qr (Kt. שׂמלי [cf. NH n.pr. שִׂמְלַי Dalman, Liḥy. שמלDHM: Epigr. Denkm. Ar. No.13]; so Baer; van d. H. Gi Qr שַׁלְמַי; Σαμααν, A LXXL Σελαμ(ε)ι) = שַׂלְמָָי Ne 7:48 (Σελαμει; א Σαμαει).
† [שָׂלַק] vb. kindle, burn (Ecclus 43:4 marg. הִסִּיק, v:21, v:23 הִשִּׂיק, burn; Aram. (also BA) סְלַק ascend, Aph. cause to go up (in flame), offer sacrifice; ܣܠܶܡ, Palm. סלק ascend);—Niph. Pf. 3 fs. אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָה בְיַעֲקֹב Ps 78:21 a fire was kindled against Jacob. Hiph. make a fire burn: Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְהִשִּׂיקוּ, c. ב rei; Impf. 3 ms. abs. יְשִּׂיק Is 44:15 (both ‖בִּעֵר ).
שְׂמאֹל, שְׂמאֹול (Baer:Jos 1:7):54 n.[m.] the left (NH id.; As. šumêlu; Ar. شِمَالُ (also شَمَالُ and شَأمَلُ, شَمَالُ, ܣܶܡܳܠܳܐ north wind); OAram. שמאל, Palm. (sf.) סמלך; Syr. شأم; √ dub., שאם + ל Nö:M 128 Hom:A. u. A. i. (1892), 21 Kö:ii. 1. 148, 405; (v. also Thes Dietr:Wortforschung 234), cf. Ar. شَْاْمَةُ be unlucky, شَأَم left, شَام, north; sab. שאם north, unlucky DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 29; Epigr. Denkm. Ar. Nos. 6. 7; other views in Sta:§ 299 Lag:BN 116);—שְׂמאֹל abs, Gn 13:9 +, cstr. 48:13, 2 K 23:8; שְׂמאֹול abs. Nu 20:17 +; sf. שְׂמאֹלֶָךָ 2 S 2:21, שְׂמאֹלוֹ Gn 48:13 +, etc.;—opp. יָמִין exc. Gn 14:15, Ju 19:27, 2 K 23:8;—
1. left, region on the left, Gn 13:9 (J); on the left is עַל־שּׂ׳: 2 K 23:8, Ez 16:46, Zc 4:3, 4:11, עַל־הַשּׂ׳: 1 Ch 6:29 cf. 2 Ch 18:18, also מִשּׂ׳: (a sinistra) Ex 14:22, 14:29 (P), 2 S 16:6 + 7 t. + מִהַשּׂ׳: 2 Ch 3:17, Ez 1:10, לִשׂ׳: Ec 10:2, שׂ׳: alone Jb 23:9; toward the left is עַל־שׂ׳: Gn 24:49 (J), 2 S 2:21, Zc 12:6, עַל־הַשּׂ׳: 2 S 2:19, שׂ׳: alone 1 S 6:12, Is 9:20 + 13 t. †
2. יַד־שׂ׳: left hand, Ju 3:21, 7:20, so שׂ׳: alone Gn 48:18, 48:13, 48:14 (E), Ju 16:29, Ez 39:8, Jon 4:11, Pr 3:16, Dn 12:7, Ct 2:6, 8:3. †
3. = north (on left of one facing east, cf. אָחוֹר d, יָמִין 4, קֶדֶם 1 b) Gn 14:15, Jos 19:27(P); of. Ez 16:46.
† [שִׂמְאֵל] vb. denom. Hiph. take the left (alw. opp. הֵמִין):—Impf. cohort. אַשְׂמְאִ֫ילָה Gn 13:9; 2 mpl, תַּשְׂמְאִ֫ילוּ Is 30:21; Imv. fs. הַשְׂמִילִי (Ges:§ 23 f Kö:1. 276) Ez 21:21, cf. Inf. cstr. הַשְׂמִיל 2 S 14:19; Pt. מַשְׂמִאלִים 1 Ch 12:2;—
1. = go to the left Gn 13:9 (J), Ez 21:21.
2. fig. turn (aside) to the left (fr. true way) 2 S 14:19, Is 30:21.
3. use the left hand 1 Ch 12:2.
† שְׂמָאלִי adj. left, on the left;—שׂ׳: 1 K 7:21 +; f. שְׂמָאלִית Lv 14:15 +;—left (usu. opp. יְמָנִי), pillar 1 K 7:21 = 2 Ch 3:17, side of temple 2 K 11:11 = 2 Ch 23:10, side of body Ez 4:4, palm Lv 14:15, 14:16, 14:26, 14:17 (P).
שָׂמַח, שָׂמֵָח:154 vb. rejoice, be glad (NH id.; cf. perh. As. šamâḫu, flourish, Ar. شَمَخَ be high, proud; Pun. n. pr. f. שמחת);—Qal:126 Pf. 3 ms. שָׂמַח Ps 16:9; וְשָׂמֵָחַ consec. Pr 29:6; 3 fs. שָׂמֵָחָה Est 8:15; 2 ms. וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֫ Dt 12:18 +; 3 mpl. שָׂמֵָחוּ Ne 12:43, etc.; Impf. יִשְׂמַח Is 9:16 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׂמָָחוּ 65:13, Ps 69:33, 3 fpl. תִּשְׂמַחְנָה 2 S 1:20, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׂמַח Dt 33:18 +, fs. שִׂמְחִי Zp 3:14 +, שְׂמָָחִי Jo 2:21, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׂמֹחַ Ez 35:14 +, etc.; Pt. v. שָׂמֵחַ adj.;—24 t. ‖גיל , less oft. ‖רָנַן , עָלַז, שִׂישׂ, etc.;—
1. in common life: a. rejoice, c. ב pers. vel rei take pleasure in Ju 9:19, 9:19, Dt 33:18, Ec 3:22 + 7 t. + (prob.) בְּכָל־יָמֵינוּ Ps 90:14 (others ב temp.), cf. Ec 11:8; עַל pers. Is 39:2 + ‖ 2 K 20:13 (וישׂמח for MT וישׁמע Vrss mod.), עַל rei Jon 4:6, 2 Ch 15:15; c. cl. temp. Je 41:13 + 6 t. + (of heart) Pr 23:15, in one’s heart Ex 4:14 (J); c. כִּי because Is 14:29 + 3 t.; c. אֵת with Is 66:10; c. מִן pers. get pleasure from Pr 5:18; abs. 1 S 11:9, Ec 3:12, Pr 13:9 (fig. of prosperity; subj. אוֹר; opp. דָּעַח), + 8 t.; c. ל rei at Jb 21:12. b. rejoice arrogantly, exult at, ל pers., Mi 7:8, Is 14:8, Ob:12, Ps 35:19, 35:24, 38:17, c. אֶל־ rei Ez 25:6, ב rei Jb 31:29, Ps 35:15, Pr 24:17; abs. Ho 9:1 (+ אֶל־גִּיל), 2 S 1:20 + 3 t., + (said of righteous by Eliphaz) Jb 22:19.
2. a. rejoice religiously, c. ב rei 1 S 2:1, Dt 12:7, Ps 21:2 + 7 t.; c. בי׳:, etc., Jo 2:23, Ps 32:11 + 10 t. Psalm Psalm + 9:3 (+ אֶעֶלְחָה בָָח); c. עַל rei 2 Ch 29:36, עַל inf. 1 Ch 29:9 a; c. לְמַעַן rei Ps 48:12; c. כִּי because 119:74; abs. Zc 2:14, 4:10, Jo 2:21, 1 Ch 29:9 b (c. acc. cogn.), 16:31 (of heavens) = Ps 96:11, Ps 97:1 (isles) + 18 t. (12 t. PsalmPsalm), + (of heart) Zc 10:7 a, Ps 16:9, 1 Ch 16:10, בְּכָל־לֵב Zp 3:14 (cf. Ex 4:14 1 a supr.); c. לִפְנֵי י׳: Is 9:2 and (of joyous feasting etc., at sanctuary) Lv 23:40 (H), Dt 12:12, 12:18, 16:11, 27:7, cf. 14:26, 1 S 11:15. b. subj. י׳:, c. עַל pers. Is 9:16 (‖רחם ; Perles:RÉJ xxxv. 63 be gentle, Ar. سَمُحَ), ב rei Ps 104:31. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. וְשִׂמַּח consec. Dt 24:5, sf. שִׁמְּחָהוּ Je 20:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms יְשַׂמַּח Ps 104:15 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׂמֵּחַ Ps 86:4, שַׂמַּח Pr 27:11, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׂמֵּחַ Je 20:15; Pt. מְשַׂמֵּחַ Ju 9:13, pl. cstr. מְשַׂמְּחֵי Ps 19:9;—cause to rejoice, gladden, c. acc. pers. (or equiv.), subj. pers. Dt 24:5, Je 20:15 (+ Inf. abs.), Pr 10:1, 15:20, 27:11, 29:3 (Ho 7:3 v. משׁח 2); esp. subj. י׳: (God) Je 31:13 (c. מִן separ.) Is 56:7, 2 Ch 20:27 (c. מִן of source, v. Qal 1 a), Ezr 6:22, Ne 12:43 (+ acc. cogn.) Ps 86:4, 90:15, 92:5 (ב instr.), also, c. ל pers. cause to exult at Ps 30:2, id. c. עַל pers. La 2:17; subj. rei Ju 9:13, Ps 19:9, 45:9, 46:5, 104:15, Ec 10:19, Pr 12:25, 15:30, 27:9. † Hiph. = Pi. Pf. 2 ms. הִשְׂמַחְתָּ Ps 89:43 (subj. י׳:).
† שָׂמֵחַ adj. verb. glad, joyful, merry;—abs. שׂ׳: Dt 16:15 +, f. שְׂמֵחָה Ps 119:9; pl. שְׂמֵחִים 1 K 1:45 +, cstr. שִׂמְחֵי Is 24:17, שְׂמֵחֵי Ps 35:26;—
1. a. as adj. joyful, shewing joy, 1 K 1:45, Est 5:9 (+ טוֹב לֵב), v:14; אֵם שְׂמֵחָה Ps 113:9; לֵב שׂ׳: Pr 15:13, 17:22; at feast of tab. Dt 16:15, in thankfulness to י׳: Ps 126:3 (both pred. c. הָיָה), 1 K 8:66 (+ טוֹבֵי לֵב) = 2 Ch 7:10. b. = pt. 1 K 1:40 (‖מְחַלְּלִים piping), 4:20, 2 K 11:14 (+ תֹּקֵעַ ב) = 2 Ch 23:13, מִן rei Ec 2:10.
2. as subst. הַשׂ׳: Am 6:13 (+ ל rei), Pr 2:l4 (ל inf.), Jb 3:22 (+ אֱלֵי־גִיל; ‖יָשְׂישׂוּ ); שִׂמְחֵי־לֵב Is 24:7; of malicious joy שׂ׳: Pr 17:5 (ל rei), שְׂמֵחֵי רָעָתִי Ps 35:26.
שִׂמְחָה:93 n.f. joy, gladness, mirth;—abs. שׂ׳: Gn 31:37 +, cstr. שִׂמְחַת Is 9:2 +; sf. שִׂמְחָתִי Ps 137:6, etc.; pl. שְׂמָחוֹת Ps 16:11, תֹ- 45:16;—
1. mirth, gladness, e.g. in festivity, Gn 31:27 (E), Ps 137:3, 137:6, 1 K 1:40, 1 S 18:6, Is 9:2, 9:2, 16:10, Ps 45:16; יוֹם מִשְׁתֶּה וְשׂ׳: Est 9:17, 9:18, 9:22 cf. (יוֹם om.) v:19 (+ יוֹם טוֹב), v:22 (‖יוֹם טוֹב ), + 5 t., + קוֹל שׂ׳: Je 7:34 = 16:9 = 25:10 = 33:11; joy of heart Pr 14:10, 14:13, Ec 5:19, Ct 3:11, cf. (of inward joy) Jon 4:6, Pr 15:23, 21:15; = gaiety, pleasure Is 22:13, Ec 2:1, 2:2, 2:10, 8:15, 9:7, בֵּית שׂ׳: 7:4; חָנֵף שׂ׳: Jb 20:5, of foolish Pr 15:21, 21:17; malicious joy Ez 35:15 (ל rei), so כָּל־לֵבָב שׂ׳: 36:5.
2.:46 (esp. PsalmPsalm Chr) religious: 2 S 6:12 ‖ 1 Ch 15:16, 15:25, Jo 1:16 +; יוֹם שׂ׳: Nu 10:10 (P); עָשָׂה שׂ׳: i.e. make a (sacred) festivity 2 Ch 30:23, Ne 8:12, 12:27; שִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם Is 35:10 = 51:11, 61:7; שׂ׳: c. עַל pers. Ne 12:44; joy of heart Is 30:29, Je 15:16; as gift of י׳: Ps 4:8, 21:7 + 7 t. + (in mockery) Is 66:5. †
3. joy of י׳: Zp 3:17. †
4. glad result, happy issue Ps 106:5 (‖טוֹבָה ), Pr 10:28, 12:20 (Gr אֱמֻנָה, Toy מִשְׁפָּט; opp. מִרְמָה).
† שְׂמִיכָה n.f. rug or thick coverlet (?);—abs. Ju 4:18 (v. GFM).
שׂמל (√ of foll.; Ar. شَمَلَ enclose, envelope; شَمْلَةُ cloak, Lane:1600 Dozy:Vetements, 59 f., 232 f.).
† שִׂמְלָה n.f. wrapper, mantle;—abs. שׂ׳: Gn 9:23 +, cstr. שִׂמְלַת Dt 21:13, 22:5; sf. שִׂמְלָֽתְךָ Dt 8:4, etc.; pl. שְׂמָלֽת Gn 45:22, 45:22 +, sf. שִׂמְלֽתָם 44:13 +, etc.;—wrapper, mantle (of man or [Ru 3:3 +] woman), usu. square piece of cloth worn as outer garment (v. Mackie:Hast. DB. i. 625; Benz:Ency. Bib. iii. 2932), Gn 35:2, Ex 22:26 (both E), Dt 8:4, 10:18, 21:13, 22:3, Is 3:6, 3:7, 9:4, 2 S 12:20 Kt, Ru 3:3 Kt (Qr in both pl.); as covering in sleep Gn 9:23 (J; cf. Ex 22:26), bed-covering Dt 22:17; covering or receptacle for articles Ex 12:34 (E), Ju 8:25, 1 S 21:10, cf. Pr 30:4; more gen. garment, Dt 22:5, clothes (pl.) Gn 37:34, 44:13 (J), 41:14, Ex 19:10, 19:14 (all E), Jos 7:6 (JE); as costly gifts Gn 45:22, 45:22, Ex 3:22, 12:35 (all E).
† שַׂמְלָה n.pr.m. kg. of Edom Gn 36:36, 36:37 (P; Σαμ(α)λα) = 1 Ch 1:47, 1:48 (Σαμαα, Σαβαα).
II. † שַׂלְמָה n.f. id. (transp. from שִׂמְלָה);—abs. שׂ׳: Ex 22:8 +, cstr. שַׂלְמַת v:25; sf. שַׂלְמָתוֹ Dt 24:13; pl. שְׂלָמוֹת Jos 9:5 +, sf. שַׂלְמֹתֵיהֶם v:13, etc.;—garment (of man or [Ct 4:11] woman): outer garment Ex 22:8, 22:25 (E), Jos 9:5, 9:13 (JE), Dt 24:13, 1 K 11:29, 11:30, Ps 104:2 (fig.); in gen. clothes (pl.) Dt 29:4, Ne 9:21, Jb 9:31, Ct 4:11; as costly gifts 1 K 10:25 = 2 Ch 9:24; as booty Jos 22:8 (late).—Mi 2:8 rd. prob. שֹׁלְמֹה) Roorda, RS:Proph. vii. N. 4), or שֹׁלְמִים (We Now GASm), him (those) at peace (with him), cf. LXX SyrVer. p. 969
שׂמלי Kt Ezr 2:46 v. שַׂלְמַי p. 969
[שָׂמַל] Hiph. v. [שַׂמְאַל] p. 970
† שְׂמָמִית n.f. a kind of lizard (so LXX Vulgate Targum:Lv 11:30 cf. Str:Pr (also on שׂ > שׁ));—abs. שׂ׳: Pr 30:28 (cf. Shipley-Cook:Ency. Bib. LiZARD).
שׂמר (appar. √ of foll.; meaning dub.).
[מַשְׂמֵר], מַשְׂמְרוֹת, Ec 12:14, v. [מַסְמֵר], p. 702.
שָׂנֵא:145 vb. hate (NH id.; MI:4 שנאי my foes; Sab. שנאם foe Sab. Denkm.:No. 12, 1. 9 cf. Ib.:No. 7, 1. 9 CIS:iv, No. 173, 1. 6; Ar. شنأ, شَنِئَ, hate; Aram. סְנָא, ܣܢܳܐ, id., סָנְאָה, ܣܳܢܳܐܐ hater, etc.; Eth. hate is s’al0a:);—Qal:128 Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳: Dt 12:31 +, sf. שְׂנֵאָהּ 2 S 13:15 +; 2 ms. שָׂנֵאתָ Ps 5:6 +, sf. שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Ju 14:16, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂנָא Pr 13:5, 26:28, sf. יִשְׂפּנָאֶָךָּ 9:s, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׂנְאוּ Am 9:15, Ps 97:10; Inf. abs. שָׂנאֹ Ju 15:2; cstr. שְׂנאֹ Gn 37:5 +, שְׂנאֹת Pr 8:13; Pt. act. שׂנֵא Dt 4:42 +, שׂנַאֲךָ Ex 23:5, Pr 25:21; pl. cstr. שׂנְאֵי Ex 18:21 +, etc.; pass. fs. שְׂנוּאָה Gn 29:31 +; mpl. cstr. שְׂנֻאֵי 2 S 5:8 Qr (> Kt שָֽׂנְאוּ);—hate (oft. opp. אָהֵב):
1. human; a. c. acc. pers. Gn 26:27 (J), 37:5, 37:8 (E), Ju 11:7, 2 S 13:22, Am 5:10 (‖תֵּעֵב ) + 17 t. (evil-doers † Ps 26:5, 31:7, 139:21), + (obj. wife) Ju 14:16, 15:2, 15:2; + pt. pass., of wife, † Gn 29:31, 29:31 (J), Dt 21:15, 21:15, 21:16, 21:17, cf. Pr 30:23; fig. of Zion Is 60:15 (+ עֲזוּבָה); specif. of sexual revulsion † 2 S 13:15, 13:15 (+ acc. cogn.), Dt 22:13, 22:16, 24:3; so, obj. man (of Jerus. under fig. of harlot) † Ez 16:37; pass. שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד 2 S 5:8 (but v. obscure); reflex. (acc. נַפְשׁוֹ) † Pr 29:24, abs. † Ec 3:8. b. c. acc. rei, Ez 35:6 (but rd. בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ LXX SyrVer Co Berthol Toy), Ec 2:17, 2:18, esp. evil Ex 18:21 (E), Mi 3:2 Ps 45:7 + 10 t., virtue, etc. Mi 3:2, Pr 1:22 + 4 t.
2. subj. י׳:; obj. perverse Isr. † Am 6:8 (its palaces), Ho 9:15, Je 12:8; wickedness Ps 5:6, 11:5; idolatry and evil Am 5:21, Is 1:14, 61:8, Je 44:4, Mal 2:16 + 5 t.
3. Pt. act.:54 as adj. Is 66:5 (as vb. c. 1 S. pron. 61:8, 2 supr.); usu. subst., Pr 13:24 one hating his son (opp. אֹהֵב); elsewhere = enemy foe (usu. cstr. or c. sf.), sg. and pl. (oft. ‖אֹיֵב , sts. opp. אֹהֵב): foe of man Ex 23:5 (E), Gn 24:60 (J), Lv 26:17 (H) +, nation Ex 1:10 (E), Est 9:1, 9:5, 9:16 +, abs. Pr 26:24, 27:6, (c. 31 t. in all); + לאֹ שׂנֵא c. ל pers., a no-hater to one Dt 4:42, 19:4, 19:6, Jos 20:5, and (without לאֹ) Dt 19:11; foe of good Mi 3:2, cf. Jb 34:17 + 3 t., of evil † Ex 18:21, Pr 28:1, cf. 15:27; of suretyship † 11:15 (i.e. not giving it); foes of י׳: † Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9, Dt 7:10, 7:10, 2 Ch 19:2. † Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂנֵא Pr 14:17 is hated, so v:20 (+ ל pers. by, v. לְ 5 d). † Pi. Pt. sf. מְשַׂנְאִי Jb 31:29, Ps 55:13; pl. cstr. מְשַׂנְאֵי 81:16; sf. מְשַׂנְאַי 2 S 22:41 +, etc.;—enemy (Qal 3) ‖אֹיֵב , חָר, etc.: 1. personal and national, Jb 31:29, Dt 33:11 (poem), 2 S 22:41 = Ps 18:41, Ps 44:8, 44:11, 55:13, 68:2, 89:24. 2. of י׳: Nu 10:35 (J), Dt 32:41 (poem), Ps 81:16, 83:3, 139:21. 3. of wisdom Pr 8:36.
† [שָׂנִיא] adj. hated, held in aversion;—fs. הַשְּׂנִיאָה Dt 21:15 b the hated wife; v. √ 1 a); but read probably הַשְּׂנוּאָה (as v:15 a lis, 16).
† שִׂנְאָה n.f. hating, hatred;—abs. שׂ׳: Nu 35:20 +, cstr. שִׂנְאַת Dt 1:27, Pr 25:10; sf. שִׂנְאָתֶיךָ Ez 35:11 (pl. אֹתֶיךָ- prob. meant, Kö:ii. 1, § 88 cf. Ol:§ 131 k, but < rd. שִׂנְאָֽתְךָ LXX Co Berthol Toy, cf. Ges:§ 91 l), etc.;—hatred (sts. opp. אַהֲבָה):
1. human, Nu 35:20 (P), Ez 23:29, 35:11, Pr 10:12, 10:18, 15:17, 26:26, Ps 109:5, Ec 9:1, 9:6; דִּבְרֵי שׂ׳: Ps 109:3; emphatic, שִׂנְאַת חָמָס 25:19, תַּכְלִית שׂ׳: 139:22 (against י׳:’s foes), also (of sexual revulsion) גְּדוֹלָה שׂ׳: 2 S 13:15 (all acc. cogn.).
2. י׳:’s hating, as vb., c. acc. pers. Dt 1:27, 9:28.
† שְׂנִיר n.pr.mont. Σανειρ: Amorite name of Ḥermon Dt 3:9, whence came cypress-trees Ez 27:5, prob. northern peak(s) of Ḥ. 1 Ch 5:23, Ct 4:8 (where + חֶרְמוֹן); so Ar. سنير Abulf:ed. Par. 68, Syr. ܣܢܺܝܪ, Ecclus 24:13 al., As. Saniru COT:Dt 3:9 D1:Pa 104. Vid. also Dr:Dt 3:9 Buhl:Geogr. 110 f. and reff. [van d. H. erron. שׁ׳: Dt Ct].
שׂעף (√ of foll.; Thes al. identif. with סעף divide (q.v.), whence foll. as branching out, involved; Ba:ES 56 cp. شَغَفَ strike the (شَغَافُ) pericardium, شَغَفَ be disquieted by a thing).
† שְׂעִפִּים n.[m.] pl. disquietings, = disquieting or excited thoughts;—שׂ׳: Jb 4:13; sf. שְׂעִפַּי (Baer שְׂעִיפַּי) Jb 20:2 (‖חוּשִׁי ).
† [שַׂרְעַפִּים] n.[m.] pl. disquieting thoughts (cf. סַרְעַפָּה sub סעף, Ges:§ 85 w);—sf. שַׂרְעַפַּי Ps 94:19 (appar. of anxious doubts); as secrets פָָּי-, 139:23 (open to י׳:).
I. שׂער (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. شَعِرَ be hairy, شَعْرُ, شَعَرَ, hair, so NH = BH, Eth. 39rt:: Aram. סַעְרָא or (שׂ׳:), ܣܰܥܪܳܐ, ܣܥܰܪܬܳܐ; As. šârtu, hairy skin; on Gk. deriv. v. Lewy:Fremdw. 86, Egypt. v. Bondi:64 WMM:99).
שֵׂעָר:27 n.m.:Lv 13:3 hair;—abs. שׂ׳: Gn 25:25 +, cstr. שְׂעַר Ju 16:22 +, שַׂ֫עַר Is 7:20 (Ges:§ 93 hh Kö:ii. 1. 78); sf. שְׂעָרֵח Ez 16:7, שַׂעֲרֵח Ct 4:1 6:5 (Kö:l. c.); שְׂעָרוֹ Lv 14:8 +, שְׂעָרָהּ v:20, שְׂעָרָהַ v:4 (Ges:§ 91 e);—hair:
1. of animals, as material, אַדֶּרֶת שׂ׳: Gn 25:5 (J), Zc 13:4; prob. also אִישׁ בַּעַל שׂ׳: 2 K 1:8 i.e. a man with a garment of skin.
2. human: ראֹשׁוֹ שׂ׳: Ju 16:22, 2 S 14:26, Nu 6:5 (P), cf. v:18 (P); + beard Ezr 9:3; קָדְקֹד שׂ׳: Ps 68:22; incl. head, beard, eyebrows Lv 14:8, 14:9, 14:10 (P); הָרַגְלַיִם שׂ׳: Is 7:20 (i.e. of genitals; + ראֹשׁ, זָקָן; in fig.) long hair of woman Ez 16:7, Ct 4:1, 6:5; hair of skin in (leprosy-)marks Lv 13:3 + 10 t. 13 (P).
† שַׂעֲרָה n.f. a hair, nom. unit. (Ges:§ 122 t);—abs. Ju 20:16: cstr. in phr. מִשַּׂעֲרַת ראֹשׁוֹ 1 S 14:45 a single hair of his head, cf. 2 S 14:11, 1 K 1:52 (v. מִן 3 b (d), Dr:1 S 14:45); בְּשָׂרִי שׂ׳: Jb 4:15 (appar. n. coll., LXX Vulgate and most; Buhl prop. pl.); pl. cstr. שַׂעֲרוֹת ראֹשִׁי Ps 40:13, 69:5 (both as numerous).
† [שָׂעַר] vb.denom. bristle, with horror;—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׂעֲרוּ שַׂעַר Ez 27:35 (‖שָׁמַם עַל , רָֽעֲמוּ); Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׂעֲרוּ עָלַיךָ שַׂעַר 32:10 (‖שָׁמַם Hiph.); Imv. mpl. שַׂעֲרוּ Je 2:12 (‖שֹׁמּוּ עַל־ ).—Dt 32:17 v. III. שׂער.
† I. שַׂ֫עַר n.[m.] horror (prop. bristling);—שׂ׳: abs., as acc. cogn. Ez 27:35, 32:10 v. foregoing; cf. אָֽחֲזוּ שׂ׳: Jb 18:20 (‖נָשַׁמּוּ עַל ).
† I. שָׂעִר adj. hairy;—ms. אִישׁ שׂ׳: Gn 27:11; fpl. יָדָיו שְׂעִרֹת v:33 (J).
II. שָׂעִיר:53 n.m.:Nu 15:24 he-goat, buck (hairy one; NH id.);—abs. שׂ׳: Lv 4:24 +, cstr. שְׂעִיר Nu 7:16 +; pl. שְׂעִירִם Lv 16:7, 16:8; cstr. שְׂעִירֵי v:5, Nu 7:87;—he-goat, usu. עִזִּים(־)שְׂעִיר buck of goats (v. עֵז p. 777): Gn 37:31 (J), Ez 43:22, Lv 45:23, Lv 4:23, 9:3, 23:19 + 20 t. Nu (all P); שְׂעִירֵי ע׳: Lv 16:5, Nu 7:87 (P); שׂ׳: alone = he-goat Lv 4:24 + 11 t. Lv 16 (P); חַטָּאת(הַ)שְׂעִיר he-goat for sin-offering Ez 43:25, Lv 9:15 + 9 t. Lv Nu; שְׂעִירֵי הַח׳: 2 Ch 29:23; in Dn 8:21 הַשּׂ׳: is prob. gloss to הַצָּפִיר (cf. Dr).
† I. [שְׂעִירָה] n.f. she-goat;—cstr. שְׂעִירַת עִזִּים (lit. hairy female of goats) Lv 4:28, 5:6.
† II. [שְׂעִירָה] n.pr.loc., prob. in SE Ephraim (= goat, Thes);—c. ה loc. הַשְּׂעִי֫רָתָה Ju 3:26; Σε(Τ)ειρωθα, LXXL Σηρωθα.
† III. שָׂעִיר n.m. satyr, demon (with he-goat’s form, or feet; NH id.; cf. Baud:Stud. i. 136 ff.; hairy demons We:Skizzen iii. 135; Heid. 152 RS:Sem. 113, 423: 2nd ed. 120, 441); abs. שׂ׳: Is 34:14 inhabiting desolate ruins, so pl. שְׂעִירִים 13:21; name for idols 2 Ch 11:15 and (שְׂעִירִם) Lv 17:7 (H); prob. also בָּמוֹת הַשּׂ׳: 2 K 23:8 (MT הַשְּׁעָרִים) Hoffm:ZAW ii (1882), 175 SS Kmp Klo Kit Benz Bur.
† שְׂעֹרָה n.f. barley (bearded grain; LXX κριθή, Vulgate hordeum; NH id.; Sab. שערם Glas in Fell:ZMG liv (1900), 256, Ar. شَعِيرُ; Oaram. שערה, Targum סְעָרְתָא, Syr. ܣܥܳܪܬܳܐ; Di:260 cp. Eth. 3rnay: wheat, grain);—abs. שׂ׳: Ex 9:31 +; usu. pl. שְׂעֹרִים Ho 3:2 +;—barley, common grain (oft. ‖חִטָּה , etc.):
1. growing, standing, sg. Ex 9:31, 9:31 (J), Dt 8:8, Jb 31:40, 1:11, as sown Is 28:25; standing, pl. 2 S 14:30 שְׂעוֹ׳: 1 Ch 11:13, reaped שְׂעֹרִים(הַ)קְחִיר 2 S 21:9, Ru 1:22, 2:23, גֹּרֶן הַשּׂ׳: 3:2.
2. pl., the grains, measured, cooked, etc.: Ho 3:2, 3:2, Ez 4:9, 13:19, 45:13, 2 K 7:1, 7:16, 7:18, Je 41:8, 2 Ch 2:9, 2:14, 27:5, Ru 2:17, 3:15, 3:17, 2 S 17:28, 1 K 5:8 (food for horses); זֶרַע חֹמֶר שׂ׳: Lv 27:16 (P); קֶמַח שׂ׳: Nu 5:15, לֶחֶם שׂ׳: Ju 7:13, 2 K 4:42, עֻגַת שׂ׳: Ez 4:12.
† שְׂעֹרִים n.pr.m. priest 1 Ch 24:8; Σεωρειμ.
† שֵׂעִיר n.pr. Sē‘îr (= שָׂעִיר, goat ? cf. Gray:Prop. N. 94; but note play in שֵׂעָר Gn 25:25, שָׂעִר 27:11, 27:23; Nö:ZMG xl (1886). 165; Ency. Bib. ii. 1183 cp. n. pr. mont. الاشعر (the ‘ hairy, ’ i.e. ‘ well-wooded, ’ cf. شَعَارُ trees), n.pr.gent. (orig. n.pr.loc.) أَلْاَشْعَرُ; Lag:BN 92 thinks שׂ׳: orig. n.pr.m., but land much earlier in OT.; perh. = Tel Am. land Šêri, Zim:ZA vi (1891), 257 Jastr:JBL xi (1892), 114 Wkl:Tel Am. 181, 26 Buhl:Edom. 28. f.);—
1. Σηειρ: a. terr. land of Edom, S. of Dead Sea, אַ֫רְחָה שׂ׳: Gn 32:4 (J; ‖שְׂדֵה אֱדוֹם ), cf. 36:30 (P); שׂ׳: alone Ju 5:4 (poem; ‖ id.), Nu 24:18 (JE; ‖אֱדוֹם ), Dt 1:44, 2:4, 2:8, 2:12, 2:22, 2:29, 33:2, Jos 11:19 (D), Is 21:11, 2 Ch 20:23 b; c. ה loc. שֵׂעִ֫ירָה Gn 33:14, 33:16 (J), Jos 12:7 (D). b. specif. mont. E. of Arabah, הַר־שׂ׳: Jos 24:4 (E), Gn 36:8, 36:9 (P), Dt 1:2, 2:1, 21:5, Ez 35:2, 35:3, 35:7, 35:15, 1 Ch 4:42, 2 Ch 20:10, 20:22, 20:23; cf. הַרֲרָם שׂ׳: Gn 14:6 (home of הַחֹרִי; on text v. Buhl:Edom. 28 Gunk:Gn). c. gent. Ez 25:8 = Edom [van d. H. שׁ׳:]; but del. LXX:B Hi Co Berthol Toy Krae. d. personif. as m. in בְּנֵי־שׂ׳: (v. חֹרִי p. 360; cf. Gn 14:6) Gn 36:20 = 1 Ch 1:38, Gn 36:21 (P; + בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם); = Edomites 2 Ch 25:11, 25:14 (‖אֱדוֹמִים ).
2. mont. in Judah, הַר־שׂ׳: Jos 15:10 (P), Ασσαρ, A Σηειρ, LXXL Σιειρ; Di Buhl:G 91 al. cp. hill-ruin Sârîs c. 9 miles W. of Jerus. (Rob:BR iii. 156).
† II. [שָׂעַר] vb. sweep or whirl away (of storm-wind) (= סָעַר, q.v.; As. šâru, wind, D1:HWB 635; >Thes:1334 cp. I. שׂער);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׂעָרֶנּוּ Ps 58:10 fig. he (י׳:) shall sweep it away. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. impers. נִשְׂעֲרָה Ps 50:3 round about him it is tempestuous exceedingly. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וִישַׂעֲרֵ֫הוּ Jb 27:21 and it [an E. wind] shall whirl him away fr. (מִן) his place. Hitph. Impf. 3 ms. וְיִשְׂתָּעֵר עָלָיו Dn 11:40 the kg. shall storm against him.
† II. שַׂ֫עַר n.[m.] storm (= סַ֫עַר);—only cstr. קָָטֶב שׂ׳: Is 28:2 a storm of destruction (in sim.; ‖זֶרֶם בָּרָד ).
† שְׂעָרָה n.f. id. (= סְעָרָה);—of way of י׳: בְּסוּפָה וּבִשׂ׳: Na 1:3; fig. of י׳:’s judgments; יְשׁוּפֵנִי אֲשֶׁר־בִּשׂ׳: Jb 9:17.
† III. [שָׂעַר] vb. perh. be acquainted with (Ar. شَعَرَ perceive [Sab. שער id.? Hom:Chrest. 124]; cf. Aram. סְעַר, ܣܥܰܪ, visit, inspect, Ba:ES 67 RS in Dr:Dt Perles:Anal. 79);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. שְׂעָרוּם Dt 32:17 new gods, with whom your fathers had no acquaintance (LXX εἴδησαν; ‖יְדָעוּם ); usu. fear, Thes revere with awe, Dr shudder before, [שָׂעַר] denom., although not elsewh. c. acc. pers.
IV. שׂער (assumed as √ of foll.).
† שְׂעִירִים n.[m.] pl. rain(-drops), si vera l.; (so acc. to Vrss and context; Thes cp. II. שַׂעַר; Lag. prop. רְסִיסִים);—עֲלֵי־דֶשֶׁא כִּשׂ׳: Dt 32:2 (‖מָטָר , טַל, רְבִיבִים).
שְׂפֹדְנָה Je 49:3 Mas., < mod. edd. ס׳: v. ספד. p. 704
שׂפה (√ of foll.; cf. NH = BH; As. šaptu, lip, edge; so Syr. ܣܶܦܬܳܐ; Ar. شَفَةُ lip, شَفَا edge).
שָׂפָה:176 n.f.[m. Ex 28:32, edge, cf. Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 76], lip, speech, edge;—abs. שׂ׳: Gn 11:1 +, cstr. שְׂפַת v:7 +; sf. שְׂפָתוֹ 1 K 7:23 +, etc.; oftener du. שְׂפָתַיִם Is 6:5 +, cstr. שִׂפְתֵי Ps 12:4 +; sf. שְׂפָתַי Je 17:16 +, sf. 3 mpl. שְׂפָתֵימוֹ Ps 59:13, 140:4, 140:10, etc.; pl. (poet. and late) cstr. שִׂפְתוֹת Ec 10:12, sf. שִׂפְתוֹתֶיךָ etc. Ps 45:3, 59:8, Is 59:3, Ct 4:3, 4:11, 5:13;—
1. lip: a. usu. (c. 108 t.) human organ of speech (oft. ‖פֶּה , לָשׁוֹן rarely [only late poetry] חֵח: 10 t. Jb; 25 t. Psalm Psalm; 45 t. Pr): (1) Is 29:13, Lv 5:4 (P), Jb 13:6, Mal 2:6, Ps 12:5, Pr 5:3 +; דַּל שׂ׳: Ps 141:3 (v. דָּל); אִישׁ שׂ׳: Jb 11:2 = a talker, אֱוִיל שׂ׳: Pr 10:8 = one talking folly, so v:10 (MT; but v. Toy); טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם Is 6:5, 6:5 cf. v:7, Dn 10:16; עֲרַל שׂ׳: Ex 6:12, 6:30 (P; unskilled in speech); עִקֵּשׁ שׂ׳: 19:1; פֹּתֶה שׂ׳: 20:19 v. [פָּתָה] p. 834; מוֹחָא שׂ׳: i.e. utterance, Dt 23:24, Je 17:16, Nu 30:13 (P), Ps 89:35, רוּחַ שׂ׳: Is 11:4 (of Mess. kg.), דְּבַר שׂ׳: Ps 59:13, Pr 14:23 +, = mere, empty, word 2 K 18:20 = Is 36:5; תְּבוּאַת שׂ׳: Pr 18:20, נוב שׂ׳: Is 57:19 (thanksgiving), cf. Ho 14:3 (LXX SyrVer and most פְּדִי for פָּרִים); of flattery, חֵלֶק שׂ׳: Pr 7:21, שְׂפַת חֲלָקוֹת Ps 12:3, 12:4; cf. שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה Ps 17:1, שֶׁקֶר שׂ׳: 31:9 + 4 t., שְׂפַת אָוֶן Pr 17:4; poison beneath (cf. לָשׁוֹן) Ps 140:4 (fig.); פֶּשַׁע שׂ׳: Pr 12:13; לְזוּת שׂ׳: 4:24; אֱמֶת שׂ׳: 12:19, יָ֑תֶר שׂ׳: 17:7, חֶדֶק שׂ׳: 16:13, דַּעַת שׂ׳: 14:7, 20:15; חֵן שׂ׳: 22:11; שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה Zp 3:9; רְנָנוֹת שׂ׳: Ps 63:5 i.e. lips that shout for joy; c. vbs.: פָּתַח שׂ׳: (to speak) Jb 11:5, 30:20 (Gi v:21), cf. Ps 51:17, מִפְתַּח שׂ׳: Pr 8:6; פָּשַׁק שׂ׳: 13:3 i.e. prate; מָֽלְאוּ זַעַם שׂ׳: Is 30:27; שׂ׳: subj. of דִּבֶּר Is 59:3, Pr 24:2; נָשָׂא עַל־שׂ׳: Ps 16:14; קָרַץ שׂ׳: Pr 16:30 = backbite; אָטַם שׂ׳: 17:28 = keep silence, so חָשַׂח שׂ׳: 10:19, כָּלָא שׂ׳: Ps 40:10. † (2) lips moving in speech, c. נוּעַ 1 S 1:13, נִיד Jb 16:5. † (3) transition to mng. speech, עָלָה עַל־שְׂפַת לָשׁוֹן Ez 36:3; = ability to speak Jb 12:20. † b. organ of laughter Jb 8:21. † c. of insulting grimace הִפְטִיר בְּשׂ׳: Ps 22:8. † d. quivering in terror Hb 3:16. † e. feature of beauty Ct 4:3 (scarlet). f. place of bridle 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29 (v. מֶתֶג). † g. receiving kiss Pr 24:26 cf. Ct 4:11 and (in fig.) 7:10. † h. of divine speech, מִחְוַת שׂ׳: Jb 23:12, דְּבַר שׂ׳: Ps 17:4. †
2. language (v. לָשׁוֹן), Gn 11:1, 11:6, 11:7, 11:7, 11:9, Ps 81:6; עַם עִמְקֵי שׂ׳: Ez 3:5, 3:6, Is 33:19, לַעֲגֵי שׂ׳: 28:11; שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן 19:18 (i.e. Hebrew).
3. edge: shore of sea Gn 22:17 (J) + 7 t.; bank of river Gn 41:3, 41:17 (E) + 5 t., of wady (נַחַל) Dt 2:36 + 7 t.; lip (bank) of אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה Ju 7:22 cf. GASm:G 400; brim of vessel 1 K 7:23, 7:23 + 7 t.; edge of altar Ez 43:13; of curtains (in pairs) Ex 26:4, 26:4 (P) + 6 t.; of חשֶׁן, toward ephod 28:26 = 39:19 (P); of round opening in robe לְפִיו (יִהְיֶה) שׂ׳: 28:32 = 39:23 (P).
† שָׂפָם n.[m.] moustache (cf. Nsyr. ܣܰܦܡܳܐ rete; on meaning and form v. Thes Ol:408 Kö:ii. 73);—abs. שׂ׳: Mi 3:7 +, sf. שְׂפָמוֹ 2 S 19:25;—moustache: עָשָׂה שׂ׳: 2 S 19:25 (LXX μύσΤάξ) i.e. trim it; עָטָה עַל־שׂ׳: Mi 3:7, Ez 24:17, 24:22, Lv 13:45 (P; v. I. עטה 1).
שִׂפַּח v. III. ספח. מִשְׂפָּח v. II. ספח. p. 705
שִֽׂפְמוֹת 1 S 30:28 v. שִׁפ׳:. p. 1050
שׂפן v. ספן. I. שׂפק, שֶׂ֫פֶק v. ספק. p. 706
† II. [שָׂפַק] vb. suffice (NH סָפַק suffice, abound, so Ecclus 15:18 +; Targum סְפֵיק, סְפַק, Syr. ܣܦܰܩ; Ar. شَفِقَ is be niggardly, scanty, Lane:1573); 7md; Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂפֹּק 1 K 20:10, subj. dust, c. לְ rei.
† [שֵׂ֫פֶק] n.[m.] sufficiency, plenty;—sf. שִׂפְקוֹ Jb 20:22 (Baer Gi; ס׳: van d. H.; opp. חרר).
שַׂק v. שׂקק. below
† [שָׂקַד] doubtful vb., Ḳi bind on;—Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׂקַד עֹל La 1:14 (fig.); rd. perh. נִשְׁקַד עַל watch is kept upon LXX SyrVer Vulgate Bu, cf. Thes (v. שׁקד); others conj. in Löhr Bi.
שׂקק (assumed as √ of foll., but nowhere found).
† שַׂק n.m.:Jos 9:4 sack, sackcloth (v. Schwally:ZAW xi (1891), 173 who conj. Egyptian origin; NH סַק sackcloth (rare); As. šaḳḳu, sack (D1:HWB 687 a), sackcloth (WKl:Altor. Forsch, vi. 44); Eth. 3aq: = BH; Aram. סַקָּא, ܣܰܩܳܐ; Gk. σάκκος Lewy:Fremdw. 87);—abs. שׂ׳: Gn 37:34 +, שָָׂק Je 48:37 +; sf. שַׂקִּי Ps 30:12, etc.; pl. שַׂקִּים Jos 9:4 +, sf. שַׂקֵּיהֶם Gn 42:35;—
1. sack, for grain Gn 42:25, 42:27 (‖אַמְתַּחַת ), v:35; v:35 (E), Jos 9:4 (JE), perh. also Lv 11:32 (P).
2. sackcloth: a. worn in mourning and humiliation (v. Now:Arch. i. 192 f. SACook:Ency. Bib. s. v.), either loose garment like sack, or piece of similar material (of rough, dark hair), fastened round body: put (שִׂים) on loins Gn 37:34 (J), 1 K 20:31, on (bare) flesh 21:27, 2 K 6:30, cf. Je 48:37, Jb 16:15 (c. תָּפַר); וְהַעֲלֵיתִי עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַיִם שׂ׳: Am 8:10; usu. girt on (חָגַר) 2 S 3:31, Is 15:3, 22:12, Je 4:8, 6:26, 49:3, Ez 7:18, 27:31, 1 K 20:32, Jo 1:8, cf. Is 3:24; כִּסָּה בַּשּׂ׳: 2 K 19:1, 19:2 = Is 37:1, 37:2, Jon 3:6, 3:8, 1 Ch 21:16, fig. of heavens (cf. קָדַר), אָשִׂים כְּסוּתָם שׂ׳: Is 50:3; late לָבַשׁ שׂ׳: put on sackcloth Jon 3:5, Est 4:1, cf. v:2, Ps 35:13, 69:12; בְּחוֹם וְשׂ׳: Ne 9:1, cf. Dn 9:3; פִּתַּח שׂ׳: loosen sackcloth Is 20:2 (+ מֵעַל), Ps 30:12 (opp. שִׂמְחָה), מֵעַל הֵסִיר שׂ׳: Est 4:4. b. same garment (or material) spread out (to lie on), 2 S 21:10 (c. הִטָּה), Is 58:5 (c. הִצִּיעַ), cf. Est 4:3 וַיִּשְׁכַּב בַּשׂ׳: 1 K 21:27, לִינוּ בַּשּׂ׳: Jo 1:13.
† [שָׂקַר] vb. Pi. ogle (Aram. סְקַר look at (Targum Jb 20:9, 28:7), סַקְרָנִית looking about, ogling; ܣܩܰܪ eye with envy or hatred (e.g. 1 S 18:9 SyrVer); cf. De:Is);—Pt. fpl. מְשַׂקְּרוֹת עֵינַיִם Is 3:16 ogling of eyes (women of Jerusalem).
שַׂר v. שׂרר. p. 978
† שַׂרְאֶ֫חֶר n.pr.m. in Assyr. (Bab.) (van d. H. שׁ׳:, but v. Baer, and Str:ZMG xxxiii (1879), 302; in As. perhaps [Ašur, Bêl, or Nergal] šar-uṣur, [...] protect the king ! COT:2 K 19:37; Σαρασα(ρ));—
1. son of Sennach., 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38 (Schr:COT l. c. WKl:KAT 3, 84 Stevenson:Hast. DB. iv. 476).
2. a returned exile Zc 7:2 (Stevenson:ib. 477).—Cf. also נֵרְגַּל שׂ׳: p. 669.
† [שָׂרַג] vb. Pu. be intertwined (Talm. סָרַג Pi. enmesh, weave around; Aram. ܣܪܰܓ intertwine, involve, סְרַג entwine; Ar. شَرَجَ set in order, join, weave, mix);—Impf. 3 mpl. יְשׂרָָגוּ Jb 40:17 are intertwined (of sinews of hippopot.). Hithp. Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׂתָּֽרְגוּ La 1:14 they intertwine themselves (fig. of פְּשְׁעַי).
† [שָׂרִיג] n.m.:Gn 40:10 tendril, twig (from interlacing; cf. Ar. شَرِيجَةُ palm-leaf braid, etc.; Eth. masgart: net (Prä:BASi. 371); Aram. סְרִיגָא, ܣܪܺܝܓܬܳܐ network, lattice);—of vine, pl. שָׂרִיגִם Gn 40:10, שָׂרִגִים v:12; of fig-tree, sf. שָׂרִיגֶיהָ Jo 1:7.
† שְׂרוּג n.pr.m. descendant (i.e. younger branch) of Peleg Gn 11:20, 11:21, 11:22, 11:23, 1 Ch 1:26; Σερουχ (LXXL Ch Σερουτ).
† I. [שָׂרַד] vb. escape (Ar. شَرَدَ take fright, shy (of camel or horse), run away; Aram. ܣܪܰܕ be terrified, ܣܪܺܝܕܳܐ survivor);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׂרְדוּ Jos 10:20 (JE; c. מִן pers.), Benn del. as dittogr.
† I. שָׂרִיד n.m.:Je 47:4 survivor (from a defeat, etc.);—abs. שׂ׳: Is 1:9 +; sf. שְׂרִידוֹ Jb 27:15 Kt; pl. שְׂרִידִים Jos 10:20, Jo 3:5; cstr. שְׂרִידֵי Je 31:2; sf. שְׂרִידָיו Ob:14 + Jb 27:15 Qr (van d. H. also Kt);—
1. survivor (oft. ‖פָּלִיט ): esp. עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ שׂ׳: Nu 21:35, Jos 8:22 (both JE), Dt 3:3, Jos 10:33, 11:8, 2 K 10:11 (all D); more simply, שׂ׳ :לאֹ הִשׁ׳: Dt 2:34, Jos 10:28, 10:30, 10:37, 10:39, 10:40 (all D); הוֹתִיר לָנוּ שׂ׳ :י׳: Is 1:9; לאֹ יִהְיֶה לְ שׂ׳: Je 42:17, 44:14, Ob:18; אֵין שׂ׳: Jb 18:19; וְהֶאֱבִיד מֵעִיר שׂ׳: Nu 24:19 (JE); עַם שְׂרִידֵי חָָרֶב Je 31:2, pl. also Jos 10:20 (subj. of שָֽׂרְדוּ), Jo 3:5, Ob:14, Jb 27:15 (v. supra); sg. also Ju 5:13 (obscure, for לְ שׂ׳: rd. perh. יִשְׂרָאֵל GFM Now cf. Bu), Je 47:4, La 2:22.
2. of things: לְאָכְלוֹ אֵין שׂ׳: Jb 20:21, i.e. nothing has escaped his greed; בְּאָהֳלוֹ יֵ֫רַע שׂ׳ :(אֵשׁ) v:26.
† II. שָׂרִיד n.pr.loc. on border of Zebulun;—עַד־שׂ׳: Jos 19:10 (P; Εσεδεκγωλα, A ἕως Σαρθιδ, LXXL Σαρειδ), מִשּׂ׳: v:12 (P; ἀπὸ Σεδδουκ; A Σαριδ).
II. שׂרד (√ of foll., plait, braid? (Lag:BN 175 ff. thinks שׂ׳: Avestan loan-word)).
† שְׂרָד n.[m.] perhaps Aram. plaited or braided work (cf. then Aram. סְרָרָא lattice-work, net-work (= BH מִכְבָּר), textile stuff, curtain (= BH קְלָעִים), סַרְדוּתָא plaited or braided work; NH סָרָד plaiter, סָרִיד, סָרוּד women-work; Hom:ZMG xliv (1890), 548 cp. Bad. šardu, skin);—alw. abs.: שׂ׳:(הַ)בִּגְדֵי Ex 31:10, 35:18, 39:1, not found39:49 (all P; all + הַקֹּדֶשׁ ב׳:, and last three + לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ); LXX 31:10 τ. στολὰς τ. λειτουργικάς (cf. 39:1 [B v:13, LXXL v:11]).
† שֶׂ֫רֶד n.[m.] from context, a marking-tool for wood, stylus (so Thes al.; connexion with above √ dub.; Lewy:Fremdw. 57 f. cp. σάρδιον as gem used in gem-cutting);—יְתָֽאֲרֵהוּ בַּשֶּׂרֶד Is 44:13.
שָׂרָה n.f.et pr. v. sub שׂרר.
† I. שָׂרָה vb. persist, exert oneself, persevere (Ar. شَرَي persist, persevere);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. אֶת־א׳ :שׂ׳: Ho 12:4 he persevered with God; 2 ms. וְעִם אֲנָשִׁים שָׂרִיתָ עִם־א׳: Gn 32:29 (J).—Ho 12:5 has Impf. וַיָּ֫שַׂר in same meaning, as if from a (non-existent) שׂוּר; < rd. וַיִּ֫שֶׂר (apoc. fr. וַיִּשְׂרֶה).—שׂוֹרָה Is 28:25 v. supra, p. 965:a.
יִשְׂרָאֵל:2507 n.pr.m. et gent. Israel (Ēl persisteth, persevereth (or juss. Let Ēl persist) [usu. contendeth (Nes:Eg. 60 ff.) or Let Ēl contend (Gray:Prop. N. 218), but v. Dr:Hast. DB JACOB 530]; on vocalization v. Lag:BN 131 f. Kit:1 Ch 4:16 (Hpt); MI:5, + 5 t. ישראל; in Egypt. Y-si-r-’l Steindorff:ZAW xvi (1896), 331, cf. Breasted:Bib. World ix (1897), 62 ff. Paton:Syr. and Pal. 134; As. Sir-’-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) Schr:KG 356 ff., 364; COT Gn 36:31, 1 K 16:29.—On a poss. relation of יִשׂ׳: to n.pr. שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה v. RS:K 257, 2nd ed. 34;—cf. (וּ)שְׂרָיָה;—Ισραηλ:
1. n.pr.m. second name of Jacob Gn 32:29 + 28 t. Gn (JE), Ex 32:13 (JE), Ho 12:13, Ju 18:29, Ex 6:14, Nu 1:20, 26:5 (all P), 2 K 17:34, 1 Ch 1:34 + 8 t. Chr, Ps 105:23; בֵּית יִשׂ׳: Ru 4:11; בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳: (lit.) Gn 42:5 + 3 t. E, 2 t. P + Ex 1:7 (P; transition to wider use), 1 K 18:31, 1 Ch 2:1 +; = 12 tribes Ex 28:9 + 7 t. P; אֱלֽהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִחְחָק וְיִשׂ׳: † 1 K 18:36, 1 Ch 29:18, 2 Ch 30:6.
2. n.pr.gent. (usu. m.:Ju 11:17 f. but f. 1 S 17:21, 2 S 24:9 [not ‖ 1 Ch 21:5], cf. Dr:ad loc. Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 57 f.): name of Hebrew nation; usu. der. from 1, but יִשׂ׳: more common in early usage than בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳: (v. בֵּן p. 120:b): a. (1) undivided kingdom; יִשׂ׳: Gn 47:27 (J), 49:7 (poem in J) + 108 t. JE, Dt 1:1, 18:6, 33:10 (poem) + 76 t. D, Gn 34:7, Ex 12:15 + 42 t. P; Ju 5:2, 5:7, 5:7 + 104 t. Ju, oft. 1 and 2 Sm, 1 K 1–12; כָּל־יִשׂ׳: of whole people 2 S 8:15 +, of whole army 11:1 +, opp. Judah 2:9 + (so also later). (2) יִשׂ׳: = N. tribes, disting. fr. Judah, even before disruption, 2 S 2:9, cf. v:10, 3:10, 4:1, 5:5, 12:7, 20:1, 1 K 1:35, 4:20, 5:5 +; so at disruption 12:16, 12:16, 12:16, 12:18, 12:19; then usu. of N. kingdom, till its fal, v:28, 24:7, notfound24:10 + very oft. K, Am 1:1, 2:6, 3:14 +, Ho 1:5, 4:15, 4:15, 5:3, 5:3, 5:5 +, Mi 1:13, etc. (3) יִשׂ׳: of S. kingdom, Judah, rarely bef. fall of Samaria Is 1:3, 8:18, Mi 1:14, 1:15, so בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳: 1 K 12:17; after fall of Sam., יִשׂ׳: (less oft. בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳:) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2 K 21:8, 23:22, Is 17:9, Ps 103:7, Je 2:3, 50:17, 50:19 +; יִשׂ׳: also = Judah Je 2:14, 2:31, 4:1 +, Ez 13:2, 13:4, 13:16, 14:1, 14:7, 14:9 +, Is 40:27, 41:8, 42:24 +, Ezr 2:59 = Ne 7:61, Ezr 2:70, 3:11 +, Ne 10:34, 10:3 +, Ps 14:7, 14:7 = 53:6, 53:6, 147:2, 149:2 +, etc. (4) usage in Chr: יִשׂ׳: of whole people 1 Ch 2:7 + 110 t., of N. kingdom 2 Ch 11:1 + 16 t., of Judah 12:6, 19:8 + 9 t. (5) יִשׂ׳: personif. as עֶבֶד י׳:, Is 44:1, 44:21, 49:3. b. בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳:, (1) of undiv. people Ex 1:12 (J), 3:9 (E) + 72 t. JE, Dt 3:18, 10:6 + 25 t. D, Gn 32:33 + 327 t. P; Ju 1:1 + 60 t. Ju; seld. 1 and 2 Sm, 1 K 1–12; in 13-2 K 25 pass. in ref. to older hist. (rarely otherwise). (2) seldom of N. kingdom Am 2:11 + 9 t. Am Ho, 2 Ch 13:12 + 7 t. Chr. (3) of Judah (late) Ez 2:3, Ne 1:6, 1:6, Ezr 3:1, Jo 4:16 +, 2 Ch 31:5. c. בֵּית יִשׂ׳: Ex 16:31, 40:38 + 142 t. (v. בַּיִת 5 d (δ); 81 t. Ez, where = Judah; v. esp. 37:16); שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשׂ׳: Is 8:14. d. other phrases, v. sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, מַטֶּה (נטה), עֵדָה (יעד), עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epith. of י׳:) sub אָבִיר, אוֹר, אֱלֽחִים, I. גָּוֹאל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה (I. קוה), I. חוּר (V. חור), קָדוֹשׁ, I. רָעָה 1 d (3). † e. יִשׂ׳: = the laity, opp. priests, etc. (late): Ezr 10:25, Ne 11:3, 1 Ch 9:2; כָּל־יִשׂ׳: Ezr 2:70, 10:5; הָעָם יִשׂ׳: 9:1; בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳: Ne 10:40, cf. שְׁאָר יִשׂ׳: 11:20.
† יִשְׂרְאֵלִי adj.gent. of foregoing;—m. הַיִּשׂ׳: Lv 24:10; f. הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית v:10, v:11, cf. v:10.—2 S 17:25 < הַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִי, LXX:A Th We Dr al. (so ‖ 1 Ch 2:19).
† (וּ)שְׂרָיָה n. pr. m. (י׳: persisteth Dr:Hast. DB. ii. 530 JACOB);—usu. Σαραια(ς);—שְׂרָיָה:
1. secretary of David 2 S 8:17, but LXX:B Ασα, ‖שיא 20:25 Kt (שְׁוָא Qr), שַׁוְשָׁא 1 Ch 18:16 (in both ̓Ιησοῦς, LXXL Σουσα), שִׁישָׁא 1 K 4:3 (Σαβα, A Σεισα, LXXL Σαφατ); orig. in all prob. ששא We Dr Klo (Sausa), HPS (שושא), Now (Šoša), Bu.
2. chief priest 2 K 25:18 = Je 52:24.
3. a captain 2 K 25:23, Je 40:8, 51:59, 51:59, 51:61.
4. a. son of Ḳenaz 1 Ch 4:13, 4:14. b. name in Simeon v:35. c. Levite name notfound5:40, notfound5:40.
5. a. companion of Zerub. Ezr 2:2. b. father of Ezra 7:1. c. one sealed Ne 10:3. d. priest 11:11, 12:1, 12:12.
6. שְׂרָיָהוּ, officer of king Jehoiakim, Je 36:26, τῷ Σαρεα.
II. שׂרה (√ of foll.; = rule ? cf. שׂרר).
† מִשְׂרָה n. f. rule, dominion;—Is 9:5, 9:6.
† שֶׂ֫רַח n. pr. f. (cf. Sab. n. pr. m. שרךְ Sab. Denkm.:No. 20, 1. 1, and p. 72, שרחאל Id.:No. 13, 1. 2. 12, אלשרךְ DHM:Epigr. Denkm. Arab. lxxii);—daughter of Asher Gn 46:17, 1 Ch 7:30, שָָׂרַךְ Nu 26:46; Σααρ, Σαρ(ρ)α, etc.; LXX:B Nu Καρα.
† [שָׂרַט] vb. incise, scratch (NH id., so Aram. סְרַט Pa (Targum 1 S 21:14), ܣܪܰܛ, ܣܪܶܛ scratch, hence write (= χαράσσω); As. šarâṭu, slit up, rend; Ar. شَرَطَ slit ear of camel, شَرْطُ, شَرَطُ sign, mark (RS:K 214 f.);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. c. acc. cogn. וּבִבְשָׂרָם לאֹ יִשְׂרְטוּ שָׂרָָטֶת Lv 21:5 shall make no incision; Inf. abs. c. Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. שָׂרוֹט יִשָּׂרֵָטוּ Zc 12:3 those loaded with the stone shall be severely scratched, lacerated.
† שֶׂ֫רֶט n. [m.] incision;—abs. לָנֶפֶשׁ לאֹ וְשׂ׳: תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם Lv 19:28.
† [שָׂרֶ֫טֶת] n. f. id. (Ba:§ 93 α β;—שָׂרָָטֶת Lv 21:5, v. vb. Qal.
שָׂרַי v. sub שׂרר. p. 979
(וּ)שְׂרָיָה v. sub I. שׂרה. above
† שִׂרְיֹן, וֹן n. pr. mont. (in As. Sirara COT:Dt 3:9, 1 K 5:13, Dl:Pa 103 f.);—Sidonian name of Ḥermon Dt 3:9 (Σανιωρ); וֹן- Ps 29:6 (+ לְבָנוֹן; van d. H. al. שׁ׳:).
† [שָׂרַךְ] vb. twist (so Targum סְרַח (= Heb. עִוָּה, עִוֵּה); perhaps akin to שׂרג, סרג; Talm. סָרַח is adhere, cf. Aram. ܣܪܰܟ, ܣܪܶܟ; Ar. ܫܰܪܰܟܰ is share, participate, but شَرَعَةُ sandal-thong, شَرَاكُ snare);—Pi. Pt. fs. מְשָׂרֶכֶת דְּרָכֶיהָ Je 2:23 a swift dromedary entangling her ways (galloping aimlessly; fig.).
† [שְׂרוֹךְ] n. [m.] (sandal-)thong (? from above √, as crossed and twisted over the foot; on vocalization cf. Ar. supra, Ges:§ 84 a n Ba:NB § 42 e);—cstr., ־נַעַלשְׂ׳: Gn 14:23, Is 5:27.
† שַׂרְסְכִים n. pr. m. a prince of Nebuch. Je 39:3, but read prob. שַׁזְבָּן (נְבוֹ), v. Gie Du, cf. p. 613:a supra; LXX Ναβουσαχαρ, etc.
† [שָׂרַע] vb. extend (Ar. point directly at, also enter upon a path (Frä:213 thinks orig. divide, then stretch out, make straight), projecting roof, long-nosed (torto naso Vulgate:Lv 21, 18); Eth. dispose, arrange; Sab. שרע arrangement, security Hom:Chr 124;—but Aram. expl. as mutilated Lv 21:18, 22:23 PS:2744, cf. LXX ὠτότμητος);—Qal Pt. pass. שָׂרוּעַ extended, i.e. too long (in a limb or member), of man Lv 21:18, beast 22:23 (v. II. חרם). Hithp. stretch oneself: Inf. cstr. הִשְׂתָּרֵעַ Is 28:20 (v. מַצַּע p. 427:a).
שַׂרְעַפִּים v. sub שׂעף. p. 972
שָׂרַף:117 vb. burn (70 t. + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 t. + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ) (NH (rare) = BH; As. šarâpu; Aram. שְׂרַף (rare); ܣܪܰܦ is absorb, consume);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳: Jos 11:9 +, 3 fs. sf. שְׂרָפָ֫חַם Is 47:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂרֹף Nu 19:5 + 2 t., more oft. וַיִּשְׂרֹף Ex 32:20 +, 2 mpl. תִּשְׂרְפוּן Dt 7:5 + 2 t.; Inf. abs. שָׂרוֹף 2 S 23:7; cstr. שְׂרֹף Je 36:25 +; sf. שָׂרְפוֹ Ju 9:52, Am 2:1; Pt. act. שׂרֵף Lv 16:28, Nu 19:8, pl. שׂרְפִים 2 K 17:31; pass. mpl. שְׂרֻפִים Nu 17:4; fs. שְׂרוּפָה 1 S 30:3, שְׂרֻפָה Ps 80:17, pl. שְׂרוּפוֹת Ne 3:24, cstr. שְׂרֻפוֹת Is 1:7;—burn (59 t. + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 t. + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ):
1. in making bricks, + לִשְׂרֵפָה Gn 11:3 (J; obj. om.).
2. a. c. acc. rei, usu. to destroy, e.g. door Ju 9:52, house Ju 12:1, 1 K 16:18 (both c. עַל pers.), Je 39:8 + 11 t., cf. pt. pass. Ne 3:24, city Jos 6:24, 1 S 30:1; 30:14 + 16 t., cf. pt. pass. 1 S 30:3, Is 1:7, chariots Jos 11:6, 11:9, 2 K 23:11, Ps 46:10 (subj. י׳:), idols, etc., Ex 32:20 (acc. om.), Dt 9:21 + 10 t., roll † Je 36:25, 36:27, 36:28, 36:29, 36:32, wood † Is 44:16, 44:19 (both + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ), cf. Ps 80:17 (fig.), Je 51:32, hair † Ez 5:4; bones, to lime (as outrage) † Am 2:1; upon altars (in desecration) † 1 K 13:2, 23:16, notfound23:20 = 2 Ch 34:5; bodies, as funeral rite † 1 S 31:12 (rare custom, RS:Sem. i. 353; 2nd ed. 372; but Klo Bu rd. יִשְׂפְּדוּ [= יִס׳:]; cf. Benz:Arch. 163; Ency. Bib. DEAD Now:Arch. i. 188); שׂ׳: as funeral rite also (obj. om., prob. spices, cf. 2 Ch 16:14), † c. ל pers. mort. Je 34:5, + acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה 2 Ch 16:14 (cf. שְׂרֵפָה); in ceremonial of P (never of burning sacrif. on altar, הִקְטִיר, cf. הֶעְֶלֶה, but) chiefly (14 t.) of consuming refuse, esp. unused portions of victims, etc. (to prevent use), and infected objects, Ex 29:14, 29:34 +, sts. מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Lv 4:12 (+ עַָ־עֵחִים), v:21, v:21 + 4 t., etc., cf. Ez 43:21; also of burning red heifer (to produce ashes for purification) Nu 19:5, 19:5, 19:3. † b. burn, c. acc. pers., (1) as penalty Jos 7:25 (JE), Ju 14:15, 15:6, Lv 20:14, cf. Nu 17:4 (pt. pass.), so, אֵשׁ subj., Is 47:14, c. acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Lv 10:6 (P); (2) as sacrifice, Je 7:31, 19:5; + ל dei Dt 12:31, 2 K 17:31. † Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂרֵף Jos 7:15 +, 3 fpl. תִּשָּׂרַפְנָה Pr 6:27, etc.;—be burned (11 t. + בָּאֵשׁ): of city Je 38:17 + v:23 (read תִּשָּׂרֵף for תִּשְׂרֹף LXX SyrVer Targum Hi Ew Gf Gie Du), idols, etc., Mi 1:7, 1 Ch 14:12; ritually (cf. Qal 2 a ad fin.) Lv 4:12, 6:23, 7:17, 7:19, 13:52, 19:6; of pers., as penalty Gn 38:24 (J), Jos 7:15 (JE), 2 S 23:7 (poet.), Lv 21:9 (H). † Pi. Pt. sf. מְסָֽרְפוֹ Am 6:10 his burner, usu. one burning him, but prob. burning spices for him, v. Dr and cf. Qal supra. † Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שׂרָָף, of goat Lv 10:16 it was burnt up (and gone).
† I. שָׂרָף n. m.:Is 14:29 a serpent, usu. venomous (poss. from above √, from burning effect of poison);—abs. שׂ׳: Nu 21:8 (JE; on Ar. parallels v. Jacob:Ar. Dichter ii. 93, iv. 10 f.), appos. נָחָשׁ שׂ׳: Dt 8:15, pl. הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Nu 21:6; a flying serpent, or dragon, שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Is 14:29, 30:6.
† II. [שָׂרָף] n. m.:Is 6:2 pl. שְׂרָפִים seraphim (prob. akin to I. שׂ׳:, as beings orig. mythically conceived with serpents’ bodies (serpent-deities, cf. Is 14:29, 30:6), or (Che:Comm.) personif. of lightning, cf. arts. SERAPHIM, Strachan:Hast. DB Che:Ency. Bib.; Di Marti al. cp. also Egypt. guardian-griffins, called Šerref; v. also כְּרוּב; on As. Šarrapu (-bu), epith. of god Nergal, connected by Dl:WB with √ שָׂרַף, v. שָׁרָב, Zim:KAT 3. 415);—in OT. majestic beings with six wings, and human hands and voices, attendant upon י׳: Is 6:2, 6:6.
† III. שָׂרָף n. pr. m. a Judahite;—1 Ch 4:22; Σαια, A LXXL Σαραφ.
† שְׂרֵפָה n. f. burning;—abs. שׂ׳: Is 9:4 +, cstr. שְׂרֵפַת Nu 19:6 +;—לשׁ׳: of brick-burning Gn 11:3 (+ שָׁרַף); destructive Am 4:11, Is 9:4, of land Dt 29:22, of temple, הָיָה לִשְׂרֵפַת אֵשׁ Is 64:10, הַר שׁ׳: Je 51:25 i.e. a burnt-out volcano (fig. of Bab.); of heifer Nu 19:6, cf. v:17; of spices (prob.) as funeral rite 2 Ch 16:14 (as acc. cogn.), 21:19 (obj. of עָשָׂה), v:19; of pers. (penal) Lv 10:6 (acc. cogn., י׳: subj.), Nu 17:2.
† [מַשְׂרֵפָה, מִשְׂרָפָה ?] n. [f.] a burning;—only pl. cstr. מִשְׂרְפוֹת: אֲבוֹתֶיךָ בּמ׳:: Je 34:5 (read כְּמ׳: LXX SyrVer Vulgate Gie Du al.), like the burnings (of spices; cf. √ 2 a) for thy fathers; שִׂיר מ׳: Is 33:12 (fig. of ignominious destruction, cf. Am 2:1).
† מִשְׂרְפוֹת מַיִם n. pr. loc. names with Ṣidon Jos 11:8, 13:6 (appar. near coast); cp. (dub. Buhl:Geogr. 229) Mušêrfe, 14 m. S. of Tyre, v. Di and reff., Guêrin:Gal ii. 166 f..—Μασερων, Μασρεφωθμαειμ, etc.
I. שׂרק (NH סָרַק, Aram. ܣܪܰܩ, סְרַק, all comb, card; Ar. شَرَقَ slit sheep’s ear, pluck fruit).
† [שָׂרִיק] adj. carded, combed, of flax;—fpl. פִּשְׁתִּים שְׂרִיקוֹת Is 19:9.
II. שׂרק (cf. Nh סָרָק light red; הִשְׂרִיק Ecclus:50:7, 43:9 marg. shine brightly (of sun); As. šarḳu, red blood; Ar. شَرَقَ rise and shine (of sun), shew redness, شَرِقَ become red (like blood); Sab. שרק rise (of sun), משרק East, שרקן epith. dei the shining Sab. Denkm.:18, 4 Fell:ZMG iiv (1900), 253 f. cf. Hom:Chr 124).
† I. [שָׂרֹק] adj. perh. sorrel (? fr. II. שׂ׳:, or cf. أَشْفَرُ having ruddy tinge over white, of horses sorrel Lane:1581);—pl. אֲדֻמִּים שְׂרֻקִּים וּלְבָנִים Zc 1:8. of horses.
† II. [שָׂרֹק] n. [m.] vine-tendrils (or clusters) (from red colour ?);—pl. sf. שְׂרוּקֶּיהָ Is 16:8.
† I. שֹׂרֵק n. [m.] choice species of vine;—abs. שׂ׳: Is 5:2, שׂוֹ׳: Je 2:21 (both in fig.).
† II. שׂשׂרֵק (van d. H. שׂוֹ׳:´:) n. pr. loc. in נַ֫חַלשׂ׳: Ju 16:4 (prop. Wady of choice vines);—LXX Σωρηχ[κ]; prob. Wady Ṣurâr (GASm:Geogr. 218 ff.), on N. side of which is ruin Sûrîk, 3/4 h. W. of Ṣur‘ah (Ẓor‘ah), Survey:iii. 53 GFM:ad loc..
† שׂרֵקָה n. f. choice vine;—Gn 49:11.
† מַשְׂרֵקָה n. pr. loc. in Edom;—מִמּ׳: Gn 36:36 = 1 Ch 1:47; LXX ἐκ Μασέκκας (LXXL:Ch ἐκ Μασερικα); Euseb:Onom. ed. Lag. 277 Μασρηκα.
שׂרר (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; Dl:Pr 92 cp. As. šarâru, rise in splendour (of sun, etc.), but dub., cf. Hal:RÉJ xiv (1887), 150).
שַׂר:420 n. m. chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (NH esp. of angels; As šarru, king);—abs. שַׂר 2 S 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Mi 7:3 +, שָָׂר Ho 3:4 +; cstr. שַׂר Ju 4:2 +; sf. שַׂרְכֶם Dn 10:21; pl. שָׂרִים 1 K 4:2 +; cstr. שָׂרֵי Gn 12:15 +; sf. שָׂרַי Ju 5:15, Is 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Je 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Is 3:4 +;—
1. chieftain, leader: a. pl. of Isr. Nu 21:18 (poem in JE; ‖נְדִיֹב הָעָם ), of Issachar Ju 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד 10:18 is dub. (we should expect וְשׂ׳:, and cf. וִקְנֵי ג׳:, instead, 11:5–11); of Midian 7:25, 8:3; Philistines 1 S 29:3, 29:3, 29:4, 29:4, 29:9; (appar. = סְרָנִים v:2, v:6, v:7 [We], yet disting. by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; LXX SyrVer Vulgate Th Bu del. in v:4 b), cf. 18:30; poet., of כְּמוֹשׁ (i.e. the leading Moabites) Je 48:7, of מָלכם (q.v.; i.e. the leading Ammonites) Am 1:15 = Je 49:3. b. sg. David as leader of freebooters 1 S 22:2; cf. גְּדוּד שׂ׳: 1 K 11:24, pl. 2 S 4:2.
2. vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counselor, commander, etc.): a. pl., in Egypt Gn 12:15 (J) + 3 t. Is + 30:4 Di Du Skinner (>of foreign embassy [cf. ‖מַלְאָכָיו] Che al. rdg. [Che:Heb. Hpt. Marti] שָׁשׂרִים), Ps 105:22; Moab Nu 22:8 + 8 t. 22, 23 (JE), Am 2:3; Edom Is 34:12 (‖הֹרִים ); As. 10:8, 31:9; Bab. 21:5 + 7 t. Je + 2 Ch 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Je 49:38 + 17 t. Ezr Est; in gen. Is 49:7; officials, official class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chr) 1 Ch 22:17 + 5 t. 1 Ch, Ezr 8:20; Sol. 1 K 4:2; Jehoiachin 2 K 24:12, 24:14; Zedak. Je 34:21, 2 Ch 36:18; other kings 19 t. 2 Chr; in gen. Ec 10:16, 10:17; see also (Judah) Je 1:18 + 31 t. Je (17:25 a del. שׂ׳: Gf Che Gie Du), 4 t. La, Ez 17:12, Zp 1:8 (where disting. from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called שׂ׳:); so, in gen., Ne 9:32, 9:34, Dn 9:6, 9:8; and (N. Isr.) Ho 3:4 + 6 t. Ho. b. as having powers of magistrate (ḳaḍi) Ex 2:14 (E. + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) 18:21 + 7 t. 18 (E), Dt 1:15, 1:15, 1:15, 1:15; later in Judah Ho 5:10 (Now reads שָׂרֵי תִשׁ׳:), Is 1:23, cf. 3:4, 3:14, 32:1, Mi 7:3 (sg.; ‖שֹׁפֵט ), Zp 3:3 (‖ id.), Ez 22:27, cf. Pr 8:16 (‖נְדִיבִים ); 28:2 read perhaps חָרֶיהָ, v. Toy. c. as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְרִינָה), 1 K 20:14, 20:15, 20:17, 20:19; (cf. Est 1:3, 8:9, 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם 3:12). d. as commandant of city, הָעִיר שׂ׳: Ju 9:30, cf. 1 K 22:26 = 2 Ch 18:25, 2 K 23:8, 2 Ch 34:8; of citadel, הַבִּירָה שׂ׳: Ne 7:2; pl. of city officials סֻכּוֹת שׂ׳: Ju 8:6, 8:14 (disting. from זְקֵנִים), cf. 2 K 10:1, 2 Ch 29:20.
3. specif. military, = captain, general: a. חבא(ה)שַׂר־ Gn 21:22, 21:32 (E), 26:26 (J), 1 S 12:9 + 23 t., + ־י׳:־ח׳:שׂ׳: Jos 5:14, 5:15 (JE; חָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; v. also 8, 9; שָׂרֵי הַצּ׳: 1 K 1:25 + 3 t. Chr, שָׂרִים בַּצּ׳: 1 Ch 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v:21); שָׂרֵי חְבָאוֹת Dt 20:9, 1 K 2:5, 1 Ch 27:3; שַׂר־הַחַ֫יִל 2 S 24:2 (but read וְאֶל־שָׂרֵי as LXXL and ‖ 1 Ch 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu), ח׳:(הַ)שָׂרֵי v:4, v:4, 2 K 9:5, 2 Ch 33:14, Ne 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4, 2 K 25:23, 25:26, Je 40:7, 40:13 + 7 t. Je; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֹת 2 Ch 32:6; so שׂר(ה) alone 2 S 18:5, 19:7, 1 K 9:22 = 2 Ch 8:9 LXX.:B Be Kit (שָׁרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for MT שָׂרֵי שׁ׳:), 2 K 9:5, 9:5, 1 Ch 11:6, 11:21 + 9 t., + Jb 39:25, Dn 11:5; וְגָדוֹל שׂ׳: 2 S 3:38 (of Abner); poss. military fig. also in שַׂר שָׁלוֹם Is 9:5 (Mess. name). b. leading companies of 50 2 K 1:9–14, Is 3:3, of 100 1 S 22:7 + 16 t. + 8:12 (reading מֵאוֹת for חֲמִשִּׁים LXX HPS, cf. We; Bu ins. שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת), of 1000 1 S 17:18 + 11 t., + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֹת 1 Ch 13:1, 26:26 (disting. from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), 27:1, 29:6, 2 Ch 1:2; also הָרֶכֶב שׂ׳: captain of the chariotry 1 K 22:31, 22:32, 22:33 = 2 Ch 18:30, 18:31, 18:32 + 3 t. + שָׂרֵי וּפָרָשָׁיו ר׳: 1 K 9:22 = 2 Ch 8:9.
4. a. chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Gn 37:36 + 5 t.; שָׂרֵי הָרָחִים 1 K 14:27 = 2 Ch 12:10; שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִיְ 1 K 5:30, 9:23 = 2 Ch 8:10; even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Gn 40:2 + 5 t., שַׂר הָאוֹפוֹת 40:2 + 4 t. (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמּחְלְקוֹת 1 Ch 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; cf. הַשַּׂר 27:28; שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Dn 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:18; שַׂר מְנוּחָה Je 51:59. b. = overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Gn 39:21, 39:23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה 47:6 (all J; cf. אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים 1 S 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Ex 1:11 (J); cf. 1 Ch 15:27, 29:6, 27:31 28:1.—In 1 Ch 15:22 read prob. סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for MT בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא ), so LXX Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; v. another view יָסַר Qal. 5. of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezr 8:24, 8:29, 10:5, 2 Ch 36:14; הַלְוִיִּם שׂ׳: 1 Ch 15:16, 15:22, 2 Ch 35:9, cf. 1 Ch 15:5, 15:6, 15:7, 15:8, 15:10, 15:10; heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹרֶשׁ 1 Ch 24:5, אֱלֽהִים שׂ׳: v:5;—שָׂרֵי ק׳: Is 43:28 (usu. consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is prob. corrupt, read perh. שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָרְשִׁי LXX Houb Klo Che:Hpt Gr (substantially). 6. late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, שׂ׳: שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ׳: 1 Ch 27:22, 29:6, cf. 28:1; appar. = elders, הָעָם שׂ׳: Ez 11:1, 2 Ch 24:23; שׂ׳: alone, Ps 68:28, 68:28, 68:28; in post-exilic Jerus. Ezr 9:1, 9:2, Ne 4:10, 10:1, 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezr 10:8, 10:14; called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Ne 12:31, 12:32; of district-rulers 3:9, 3:12, 3:14, 3:15, 3:16, 3:17, 3:18, 3:19; of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֹת Ezr 8:29, 1 Ch 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי הָא׳: 24:31, 27:1, Ne 7:70). 7. late, as term of rank and dignity, Is 23:8 (cf. ‘merchant- princes’), Jb 3:15, 29:9 (‖נְגִירִים ), 34:19, Ps 45:17, 82:7, 148:11, opp. (ים)עבד Pr 19:10, Ec 10:7; formidable foes Ps 119:23, 119:161. 8. = patron-angel, only Dn: פָּרַס (מַלְכוּת)שַׂר 10:13, 10:20, יָוָן שׂ׳: v:20; specif. of מִיכָאֵל v:13, v:21, 12:1 9. שַׂר־הַצָּבָא 8:11 = God (prob., cf. חָרָא 1 c; yet v. also ח׳: 1 b), so שַׂר שְׂרִים v:25.
† [שָׂרַר] vb. denom. (Gerber:20) be, or act as, prince, rule;—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַל־ יִשְׂרָאֵל Ju 9:22 Abim. ruled over Isr. three years; 3 mpl. יָשָׂרוּ שָׂרִים: Is 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (‖יִטְלָח־מֶלֶךְ ), cf. Pr 8:16; Pt. שׂרֵר לִהְיוֹת: Est 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֹ. Hithp. Impf., 2 ms. + Inf. abs. כִּי־תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּם־הִשְׂתָּרֵר Nu 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us.—יָסֹר 1 Ch 15:22 v. יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. metapl. הֵשִׂירוּ (Ges:§ 67 v) Ho 8:4 they made princes (abs.; ‖הִמְלִיכוּ). p. 415f, 978
† I. [שָׂרָה] n. f. princess, noble lady;—cstr. שָׂרָ֫תִי (Ges:§ 90 l) La 1:1; pl. שָׂרוֹת 1 K 11:3, cstr. id. Est 1:18; sf. שָׂרוֹתֶיהָ Ju 5:29, תֵיהֶם- Is 49:23;—princess attending Sisera’s mother Ju 5:29; so Sol.’s wives 1 K 11:3, other queens Is 49:23 (‖מְלָכִים ); wives of nobles Est 1:18; fig. of Jerus. La 1:1.
II. שָׂרָה:37 n. pr. f. wife of Abraham (princess);—Σαρρα: Gn 17:15 (where formal change from שָׂרַי), v:17, v:19, v:21, 21:1 b, 21:3, 23:1, 23:1, 23:2, 23:2, 23:19, 25:10, 25:12, 49:31 (all P), 18:6 + 9 t. 18, 21:1 a, 21:2 a, 24:36, 24:67 (all J), 20:2, 20:2, 20:14, 20:16, 20:18, 21:6, 21:7, 21:9, 21:12 (all E); as ancestress of Hebrews Is 51:2.
† שָׂרַי n. pr. f. wife of Abram (Nö:ZMG xiii (1888). 484 Ges:§ 801 Kö:ii. 1. 427 make = foregoing, with old fem. ending יַ֯; >Lag:BN 92, Anm. *, emphasizing diff. in LXX, der. fr. a √ شري, and cp. شراة, name of a barren mt.; cf. RS יִשְׂרָאֵל supr., sub I. שׂרה);—LXX Σαρα;—Gn 11:30 (J), v:31 (P), 12:5, 12:11, 12:17, 16:1, 16:2, 16:3, 16:5, 16:6, 16:6, 16:8, 16:8 (all J), 17:15 (P); שָׂרָָי 11:29 (J), 16:2 (J), 17:15 (P).
שָׂשׂוֹן, שָׂשׂן v. שׂוֹשׂ. p. 965
שֵׂת v. שְׂאֵת sub נשׂא p.673a.
† שָׂתַם vb. usu. stop up, in sense of shut out, shut ears against (late ‖ form of סָתַם; yet awkward; Ba:ES 9 cp. Ar. شَمَتَ frustrate, disappoint);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. תְּפִלָּתִי שׂ׳: La 3:8 (> van d. H. שָׂתָם) he (י׳:) hath shut out my prayer (Bu מתּ׳ :שׂ׳: shut up [himself] from).
† [שָׂתַר] vb. Niph. burst or break out, of tumours (Ar. شَتَرَ have inverted, or cracked, eyelids, or lower lips; Eth. 3atara: lacerate; As. [šatâru] II. tear down; Syr. ܣܬܰܪ destroy, so Sab. שתר Sab. Denkm.:No. 48, 1. 2, BAram. סְתַר Ezr 5:12);—Niph. Impf. וַיִּשָּֽׂתְרוּ לָהֶס עפלים 1 S 5:9 and tumours brake out to them.