ס

ס Samekh, fifteenth letter; used as numeral 60 in postB. Heb.

† סְאָה n.f. (v. infr.) s^e’āh, a measure of flour, grain, etc. (√ unknown; perhaps foreign word; NH id.; Aramaic סְאָה, סָאתָא, ܣܳܐܴܐ, ܣܶܐܴܐ, ܣܰܐܬܳܐ (Gk. σάτον, Lewy^{Fremdwörter 116 f.}));—abs. סְאָה־ 2 K 7:1, 16, וּסֳאָה־ v 18 (Baer Ginsb cf. Ges^{§ 10 h}); du. סָאתַיִם 1 K 18:32 + 3 times; pl. סְאִים Gn 18:6; 1 S 25:18;—always c. appos. of thing measured, Gn 18:6 (J), 1 S 25:18 1 K 18:32; 2 K 7:1^(×2), 16^(×2), 18^(×2) (where appar. masc., perhaps after anal. of other measures of capacity, הִין, חֹמֶר, כֹּר, etc., AlbrechtZAW ^{xvi (1896), 95});—סַאסְּאָה Is 27:8 v. סאסא.—On size of s^eʾāh = 1/3 ephah, = 12.148 litres (= 10.696 qts.), v. Now^{Arch. i. 203} Benz^{Arch. 183}.

† [סְאוֹן ?] n.[m.

† [סָאַן] vb. prob. denom. tread, tamp;—only

Qal Pt. סֹאֵן בְּרַעַשׁ Is 9:4 (v. foregoing).

† [סֵאסֵא] vb.

Pilpēl , whence Inf. בְּסַאסְאָהּ (MT בְּסַאסְּאָה) Is 27:8 = by driving her (it) away (conj. from ‖ בְּשַׁלְּחָהּ), according to Hi Ew Di Du Che^Hpt. Am RVm > = בִּסְאָה סְאָה by the s^eʾāh, the s^eʾāh, i.e. (Ges^{§ 123 c, 133 k}) by exact measure Vrss (not 𝔊, Ges De cf. AV RV, which is prob. Rabbin. conceit. (On format. cf. טאטא, and v. Ges^{§ 55 f.} Sta^{§§ 112 a Anm. 2; 238}.)

† [סָבָא] vb. imbibe, drink largely (NH id.; Aramaic סְבָא id. (rare); cf. Assyrian sabû, 3 Dl^HWB;—Arabic سَبْأٌ wine, is prob. loan-wd. and سَبَأَ import foreign wine denom., Frä ^{157 f.});—

Qal Impf. 1 pl. cohort. נִסְבְּאָה Is 56:12; Pt. act. סֹבְא Dt 21:20; Pr 23:21; pl. סובאים Ez 23:42 Kt (Qr סָבָאִים, v. infr.); cstr. סֹבְאֵי Pr 23:20; pass. סְבוּאִים Na 1:10;—imbibe, c. acc. שֵׁכָר Is 56:12; pt. act. = subst. wine-bibber, drunkard Dt 21:20; Pr 23:21 (both + זוֹלֵל); fully, סֹבְאֵ׳ יָי֑ן 23:20 (+ זֹלֲלֵי בָשָׂר); so also Ez 23:42 Kt (Qr perhaps n.gent., so 𝔖 AV, v. infr.), which read Sm RV Sgfr^Kau Da; Co thinks dittogr. of מוּבָאִים, but perhaps the reverse (Toy^Hpt om. מוּבָאִים); > Berthol (q.v.) מִסְּבָא; other conj. v. in Sm; וּכְסָבְאָם סְבוּאִים Na 1:10 is prob. corrupt, pt. pass. of person dub., and sense obscure; del. both as dittogr. Gunkel^{ZAW xiii (1893), 235} Now; om. in transl. We Kau. On Ho 4:18 v. סֹבֶא.

† [סָבָא] only pl. סָבָאִים Ez 23:42 Qr =drunkards, wine-bibbers(?) so Thes al., but v. סְבָאִים.

† [סֹ֫בֶא] n.m. ^{Is 1:22} drink, liquor;—only sf. סָבְאֵךְ Is 1:22; סָבְאָם Ho 4:18 (but v. infr.), Na 1:10 (but v. סָבָא);—liquor (appar. strong, choice) Is 1:22; סָר ס׳ Ho 4:18 their liquor (i.e. their drunkenness) is gone Thes Hi Che RVm, but very dub., 𝔊 quite diff. (ἡρέτισεν Χαναναίους), We Gu^Kau Now om. in transl.; conj. of Houtsma^{TTijdschr ix (1875), 60} סֹד סֹבְאִים, a company of wine-bibbers, makes good sense.

† סְבָא n.pr.m. 1st son of Cush, poet. and late;—Gn 10:7 (P) (𝔊 Σαβα, as שְׁבָא) = 1 Ch 1:9 (𝔊 id., but B Σαβατ); = nation (or territory) ψ 72:10 (𝔊 Σαβα; + שְׁבָא, 𝔊 Αραβων), so (+ כּוּשׁ, ‖ מִצְרַיִם) Is 43:3 (𝔊 Σοηνη); clearly situated in south; most prob. = λιμὴν Σαβά, and Σαβαὶ πόλις εὐμεγέθης, in Adulic gulf on W. coast of Red Sea; v. Strabo^{xvi. 4.8.10} Ptol ^{iv. 7, 7 f.} Di^Gn Bae ψ Du^Is; > Meroë Jos^{Ant. ii, 10, 2} al.

† סְבָאִים n.pl.gent. S^ebāʾim, 𝔊 οἱ Σαβαειμ, A Σεβωειμ;—וּס׳ אַנְשֵׁי מִדָּה Is 45:14 (+ כּוּשׁ, ‖ מִצְרַיִם, cf. 43:3 supr.); this perhaps intended also by Ez 23:42 Qr (v. סָבָא), perhaps confounding it with שְׁבָא, cf. 𝔖.

† סָבַב vb. turn about, go around, surround (NH id., Pi. Hiph., and deriv.; Aramaic סוֹבְבָא rim, border; Arabic سَبَبٌ rope, سَبِيبٌ lock of hair; poss. also سَبٌّ ii. prepare a means of attaining sthg. Lane¹²⁸⁴);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Ez 42:19 +; 1 s. סַבֹּ֫תִי 1 S 22:22 (but v. infr.), סַבּ֫וֹתִי Ec 2:20; 7:25; 3 pl. סָֽבְבוּ Jos 6:15 + 1 S 14:21; 2 S 24:6 (v. infr.), sf. סְבָבוּנִי ψ 18:6 +, סַבּוּנִי 88:18 + 2 times, סַבֻּנִי 2 S 22:6; 2 mpl. וְסַבֹּתֶם consec. Jos 6:3, etc.; Impf. יָסֹב 1 K 7:15 +, sf. יְסֻבֵּנִי ψ 49:6; oftener יִסֹּב 1 S 5:8 +, וַיִּסֹּב Gn 42:24 +; 3 mpl. יָסֹ֫בּוּ Jb 16:13, וַיָּסֹ֫בּוּ Jos 6:14 +, 3 fpl. תְּסֻבֶּינָה Gn 37:7, etc.; Imv. ms. סֹב 1 S 22:18, fs. סֹ֫בִּי Is 23:16, etc.; Inf. cstr. לִסְבֹּב Nu 21:4, סֹב Dt 2:3; Pt. סוֹבֵב 2 K 6:15 +, הַסֹּבֵיב 8:21 (Ginsb הִסְבִּיב Kt, הַסֹּבֵב Qr), etc.;— 1. turn, intrans. (Impf. of form יִסֹּב in this sense only): a turn about, often as preliminary to something else 1 S 15:12, 27 (sq. inf.), 1 Ch 16:43 (id.; וַיָּ֫שָׁב in ‖ 2 S 6:20) + 1 S 14:21 (read סָֽבְבוּ גַם for MT סָבִיב וְגַם, 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th We, etc.), Je 41:14a (+ שׁוב v b, but 𝔊 om. v a cf. Gie), Ec 1:6^(×2); of door, Pr 26:14 turn on (עַל) its hinge (cf. Niph. Ez 26:2); turn (toward one) 1 S 22:17, 18^(×2) 2 S 18:30x2; Ct 2:17 (v. Bu); also c. אֶל־ 2 S 14:24^(×2) + 24:6 (read סָֽבְבוּ for סָבִיב We Dr Bu Kit HPS; Klo יָסֹבּוּ, cf. Löhr), Ez 42:19 Ec 1:6, אֶל־אַחֲרָ֑י 2 K 9:18, 19; of cup of י׳, it shall come round unto (עַל־, with hostile implic.; עָבַר עַל La 4:22) Hb 2:16; of Jordan, turn לְאָחוֹר ψ 114:3, 5; turn about from (מֵעַל) Gn 42:24, (מִן) 1 S 18:11, + אֶל־ 17:30; so of inheritance Nu 36:7 it shall not go about from (מִן) tribe to (אֶל־) tribe, also v 9 (לְ for אֶל־); cf. (abs.) וַתִּסֹּב הַמְּלוּכָה וַתְּהִי לְאָחִי 1 K 2:15 (cf. Hiph. 1 b); = be brought round, c. acc. loc. 1 S 5:8 (of ark). b. turn = change, only Zc 14:10 (of land, changed like [כְּ, i.e. into] a plain), cf. Hiph. 1 c. c. fig. turn (in a new direction) to do something (inf.) Ec 2:20; 7:25.—ψ 71:21 is dub.; Bae reads וְתָשֻׁב for וְתִסֹּב after 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙; Hup-Now Che al. sub a. supr.: turn, comfort me.—Jb 10:8 read אַחַר תִּסֹּב for MT יחד סביב De al. 2. a. march, or walk, around, c. acc. (city) Jos 6:3, 4, 7, 14, 15^(×2) (all JE), ψ 48:13; poss. also נָסֹב 1 S 16:11 (of marching about altar? so HPS; turn to do something else Th), but cf. תסוב Ecclus 32:1 sit about a table (v. Schechter^{BS p. 56}, and cf. מֵסַב), or read נֵשֵׁב Weir in Dr Kit Bu Löhr (perhaps). b. go partly round, circle about, skirt, c. acc. (land) Nu 21:4 (JE) Ju 11:18, also Dt 2:1, 3; of rivers Gn 2:11, 13. c. make a round, or circuit, go about to, c. acc. loc. 1 S 7:16; go about in (בְּ) 2 Ch 17:9, cf. also (c. בְּ) 23:2 Ct 3:5; 5:7 Ec 12:5, so c. acc. Is 23:16; = make a circuitous march 2 K 3:9 (c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ).—Vid. also 2 S 5:23 1 Ch 14:14 Hiph. 2 a. d. surround, encompass, abs. Gn 37:7 (E); c. acc. Jb 40:22; with hostile purpose, 2 K 6:15 Ec 9:14 (both of siege), cf. 2 K 3:25; acc. om. Ju 16:2, cf. 2 S 18:15; c. acc. rei + עַל־ pers. Ju 20:5; c. עַל־ pers. alone Jb 16:13 2 Ch 18:31; c. אֶל־ pers. 2 K 8:21 = 2 Ch 21:9; often fig. in poetry, c. acc. Ho 7:2 2 S 22:6 = ψ 18:6, ψ 22:13, 17; 49:6; 88:18; 118:10, 11^(×2), 12; so also ψ 17:11 (Kt סְבָבוּנִי, Qr סְבָבוּנוּ; on text v. especially Hup-Now); lit. of cord surrounding (measuring circumf. of), c. acc. 1 K 7:15 = Je 52:21, 1 K 7:23 = 2 Ch 4:2; of ornaments, etc., surrounding something (acc.) 1 K 7:24 2 Ch 4:3; surround one with something (2 acc.) 1 K 5:17 ψ 109:3; acc. + בְּ instr. Ho 12:1; ס׳ לָעֹפֶל 2 Ch 33:14 (i.e. build a wall around it).—1 S 22:22 read חַבְתִּי (√ חוּב), 𝔊 𝔖 Th We Dr Kit Bu Löhr HPS.

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נָסַב Jos 15:3 +; 3 fs. נָסֵ֫בָּה Ez 26:2 (Ges^{§ 67 t} St^{§ 410 b} Kö^{i. 342}); וְנָֽסְבָה 41:7 (but read וְנוֹסְפָה Ew Sm Co Toy^Hpt, cf. Berthol); 3 pl. נָסַ֫בּוּ Gn 19:4 +; Impf. 3 mpl. יִסַּ֫בּוּ Ez 1:9 + 5 times;— 1. a. turn oneself against (עַל־), close round upon (עַל) Gn 19:4 (J) Jos 7:9 (JE); c. acc. Ju 19:22. b. turn round (from a direct course), of wheels Ez 1:9, 12, 17; 10:11^(×2), also v 16 (but dub., Co ישׁבו, Toy^Hpt leave, Symm ἀπελείποντο); נָסַ֫בָּה אֵלַי Ez 26:2 of Jerus. under fig. of door (Sm Co Berthol Toy^Hpt). c. especially of boundary (Hex only P): turn round from (מִן), toward (לְ) Nu 34:4, + ה loc. Jos 18:14; c. מִן + ה loc. + אֶל־ 15:10; c. מִן alone Nu 34:5; c. ה loc. alone Je 31:39 Jos 15:3; 16:6; circle about, skirt, c. acc. Jos 19:14. 2. pass. be turned over to (לְ, into the power of, Je 6:12.

Pi. Inf. cstr. סַבֵּב אֶת־פְּנֵי הַדָּבָר 2 S 14:20 to change, transform, the aspect of the matter. Poʿ. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְסֹבְבֵנִי Jon 2:4, 6, יְסֹבְבֶנְהוּ Dt 32:10, יְסוֹבְבֶנּוּ ψ 32:10; 3 fs. תְּסוֹבֵב Je 31:22, etc.;—encompass, surround (poet. and chiefly late):— 1. encompass (with protection), c. acc. Dt 32:10 (י׳ subj.), c. 2 acc. חֶסֶד יְסוֹבְבֶנּוּ ψ 32:10, cf. v 7 (but 2nd obj. here dub.); similarly נְקֵבָה תְּסוֹבֵב נָּ֑בֶר Je 31:22 i.e. either shall protect (so most) or (Che, cf. Gf) the woman (fig. of Isr.), instead of holding aloof (הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה v 22), will, in the new future which י׳ creates, with affection press round her divine husband. 2. come about, assemble round (acc. pers. י׳) ψ 7:8. 3. march or go about, city (acc.) ψ 55:11; 59:7, 15; altar (in solemn procession) 26:6; go about in (בְּ) city Ct 3:2. 4. enclose, envelop, c. acc. pers. Jon 2:4, 6 (of waters).

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵסֵב 2 K 16:18 +; 2 ms. הֲסִבֹּ֫תָ 1 K 18:37; 3 pl. הֵסַ֫בּוּ 1 S 5:9, 10, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּסֵּב Ex 13:18 +, sf. וַיְסִבֵּ֫נִי Ez 47:2; 3 mpl. וַיַּסֵּ֫בּוּ Ju 18:23 + 2 times; 1 pl. נָסֵב 2 Ch 14:6, cohort. נָסֵ֫בָּה 1 Ch 13:3; Imv. ms. הָסֵב 2 S 5:23 1 Ch 14:14 (but v. infr.); fs. הָסֵ֫בִּי Ct 6:5; Inf. cstr. הָסֵב 2 S 3:12 1 Ch 12:23; Pt. מֵסֵב Je 21:4; perhaps also pl. sf. מְסִבָּ֑י ψ 140:10 (Ginsb);— 1. a. turn (trans.), cause to turn: turn face (acc.) Ju 18:23 1 K 8:14 = 2 Ch 6:3 (all = turn toward); = turn round face 1 K 21:4, + אֶל־הַקִּיר 2 K 20:2 = Is 38:2; + מִן Ez 7:22 (subj. י׳), 2 Ch 29:6 (of neglect), 35:22 (of avoiding battle); turn away eyes from (מִן), Ct 6:5; turn (back), change heart 1 K 18:37 (recall from apostasy; + אֲחֹרַנִּית), Ezr 6:22 (+ עַל־); turn back, reverse (weapons) Je 21:4. b. bring over (i.e. to allegiance), c. acc. + אֶל־ pers., 2 S 3:12 1 Ch 12:24 (van d. H. v 23); of י׳, turn over kingdom to (לְ) 1 Ch 10:14 (cf. Qal 1 a, 1 K 2:15). c. turn into, of changing name, 2 acc. 2 K 23:34 = 2 Ch 36:4, 2 K 24:17. d. = bring round, c. acc. 1 S 5:8, 9; + מִן 2 S 20:12; + אֶל־ 1 S 5:10 1 Ch 13:3; + acc. loc. 2 K 16:18 (sense obscure). 2. a. cause to go around: of carrying ark around city (2 acc.) Jos 6:11 (JE; but Qal 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙); lead round, i.e. by a round-about way, acc. pers. + acc. דֶּרֶךְ Ex 13:18 (E) Ez 47:2; c. acc. + inf. of purpose 2 Ch 13:13; acc. om., lead round toward (אֶל־) 2 S 5:23, away from (מֵעַל־) ‖ 1 Ch 14:14 (where, however, perhaps read as S, so Be Öt, and, in both, סֹב for הָסֵב Dr Kit^{Kau Hpt} Bu HPS Löhr). b. surround with (acc.) wall, 2 Ch 14:6 (acc. of city om.). c. perhaps also encompass (as foe), מְסִבָּ֑י ψ 140:10 those encompassing me (others sub מֵסַב infr.).

Hoph. Impf. 3 ms. יוּסָּ֑ב Is 28:27; Pt. fpl. cstr. מֻסַבֹּת Ex 28:11; 39:6; מוּסַבֹּת v 13 Nu 32:38 (v. infr.); מוּסַבּוֹת Ez 41:24;— 1. be turned, of cart wheel, c. עַל־ upon, over; מוּסַבּוֹת דְּלָתוֹת Ez 41:24 pt. appar. as gerundive, that can be turned, movable (Ges^{§ 116 e}; Co reads צלעות מ׳, cf. Toy^Hpt); מוּס׳ שֵׁם Nu 32:38 turned (i.e. changed) as to name, but gloss, v. Di. 2. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels (pt. cstr.) Ex 28:11; 39:6, 13 (all P).

† סִבָּה n.f. turn of affairs;—only abs. הָֽיְתָה סִבָּה מֵעִם י׳ 1 K 12:15 it was a turn (an ordering) from י׳ (= נְסִבָּה q.v., in ‖ 2 Ch 10:15).

סָבִיב₃₃₆ subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about:—cstr. סְבִיב †Am 3:11; pl. cstr. סְבִיבֵי †Je 32:44; 33:13, sf. סְבִיבֶיךָ etc. (10 times), much oftener סְבִיבוֹת Ex 7:24 + 22 times, סְבִיבוֹתַי, תֶיךָ-, etc., Dt 17:14, etc. (48 times):—

1. in sg.:— a. as subst. 1 Ch 11:8 מן־המלוא וְעַד־הַסָּבִיב and to the parts round about. b. as adv.acc. סָבִיב (in) a circuit, i.e. round about, Gn 23:17 בְּכָל־גְּבֻלוֹ סָבִיב Ex 19:12; 25:11, 24, 25, Lv 1:5, 11 עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב, Ju 20:29 1 K 3:1; 5:11 ψ 3:7 אֲשֶׁר ס׳ שָׁתוּ עָלָ֑י, 12:9 34:8 + often; sometimes doubled, for the sake of emphasis, 2 Ch 4:3, Ez 8:10 עַל הַקִּיר ס׳ ס׳, 37:2; 40:5 and often in Ez 40–43. c. as prep.: (a) †Am 3:11 צַר וּסְבִיב הָאָרֶץ distress, and that in the circuit of (= round about) the land (but read prob. with 𝔖 יְסֹבֵב will encircle). (b) סָבִיב לְ׳ Ex 16:13; 40:33 Nu 1:50, 53; 2:2 Ju 7:21 1 K 6:5; 18:32, 35 Ez 41:10, 16 Jb 19:12 ψ 34:8; 78:28; 125:2^(×2) י׳ סָבִיב לְעַמּוֹ, 128:3 Ct 3:7 Na 3:8. (c) strangely, סָבִיב אֵת †1 K 6:5 (om.𝔊), Ez 43:17. d. מִסָּבִיב₄₂, from round about, from every side, Ez 16:33, 37; 23:22; 37:21, but usually (מִן 1 c) = on every side, Je 4:17 הָיוּ עָלֶיהָ מִסָּבִיב, Is 42:25 וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ מ׳, Jo 4:11, 12; †מָגוֹר מִסָּבִיב terror on every side! Je 6:25; 20:3, 10; 46:5; 49:29 ψ 31:14, cf. La 2:22; especially in the Deut. phrases אוֹיְבִים מ׳, or הֵנִיחַ מ׳ (sometimes in combin.), as Dt 12:10 והניח לכם מכל־אויביכם מ׳, 25:19 Jos 21:42 וַיָּנַח י׳ לָהֶם מ׳, 23:1 Ju 2:14; 8:34 1 S 12:11 +; מִסָּבִיב לְ from round about, †Nu 16:24, 27.—On 1 S 14:21 2 S 24:6 Jb 10:8 v. סָבַב.

2. In plur.:— a. †סְבִיבִים: (a) in masc. sense, those round about, ψ 76:12 כָּל־סְבִיבָיו יֹבִילוּשַׁי, 89:8 Je 48:17, 39. (b) in neuter sense, the parts round about, Je 49:5 מִכָּל־סְבִיבָ֑יִךְ, בִּסְבִיבֵי ירושׁלם 32:44; 33:13; 21:14 וְאָֽכְלָה כָּל־סְבִיבֶיהָ, 46:14; with the force of a prep., ψ 50:3 וסביביו נשׂערה מאד, 97:2 La 1:17. b. סְבִיבוֹת: (a) as subst. (α) circuits, Ec 1:6 ועל סביבותיו שָׁב הָרוּחַ; (β) the parts round about, Nu 22:4 ילחכו הקהל את־כל־סְבִיבֹתֵינוּ, Je 17:26; 50:32 (cf. 21:14 supr.); with ref. to their inhabitants, ψ 44:19 = 79:4 לעג וקלם לסב׳, Ez 16:57; 28:24 Dn 9:16. (b) with the force of a prep. Ex 7:24 סְבִיבֹת הַיְאֹר lit. (in) the circuits of the Nile = round about the Nile, Nu 11:24, 31, 32; 35:2 סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם, Ju 7:18 1 S 26:5, 7 2 K 6:17 סביבֹת אלישׁע, ψ 18:12; 27:6 על אֹיְבַי סביבותי, etc.; often idiom. preceded by אשׁר, as Gn 35:5 הערים אשׁר סביבותיהם 41:48 Lv 25:44 Nu 16:34 Dt 6:14; 13:8; 17:14; 21:2 +. In the same sense מִסְּבִיבוֹתָם + Ez 28:26.

† מֵסַב n.[m.] that which surrounds, or is round;—

1. a. pl. surrounding places, מְסִבֵּי יְרוּשׁ׳ 2 K 23:5 places round about Jerus. b. as adv. מֵסַב round about 1 K 6:29; fpl. מְסִבּוֹת on all sides, in all directions, Jb 37:12 (of cloud Di < of lightning Bu Du).

2. sf. מְסִבּוֹ Ct 1:12 dub.: round table Ew De; cushion, divan Bae^Kau; cf. on all these Bu.—מְסִבָּ֑י ψ 140:10 v. סבב Hiph.

† [מוּסָב] n.m. encompassing, surrounding(?);—only cstr. מוּסַב הַבַּיִת Ez 41:7 the encompassing of the house, but meaning wholly obscure; מוּסַף enlargement Ew Berthol ToyHpt after 𝔊; Co del. clause as dittogr.

† נְסִבָּה n.f. turn of affairs;—abs. 2 Ch 10:15 (= סִבָּה q.v., ‖ 1 K 12:15).

† [סָבַךְ] vb. interweave (‖ form to שׂבך q.v.);—

Qal Pt. pass. pl. סִירִים סְבֻבִים Na 1:10 interwoven (entangled) thorns (cf. Da); Gunkel^{ZAW xiii (1893), 235} proposes (after 𝔊 𝔗 Vollers) כְּסוּחִים i.e. cut off, away (Is 33:12) cf. Now; text very dub.

Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. עַל־גַּל שָׁרָשָׁיו יְסֻבָּ֑כוּ Jb 8:17 are interwoven (in a tangled mass).

† סְבַךְ n.[m.] thicket;—abs. בַּסְּבַךְ (נֶאֱחַז) Gn 22:13 (so Ginsb; Baer בַּסֲבַךְ, van d. H. בַּסְּבָךְ) a ram caught in the thicket by its horns; pl. cstr. סִֽבְכֵי הַיַּעַר Is 9:17 thickets of the forest, 10:34.

† [סְבֹךְ] n.[m.] id.;—cstr. בִּֽסֲבָךְ־עֵץ ψ 74:5 in the thicket of trees; sf. מִסֻּבְּכוֹ Je 4:7 (abode of lion; on בְּ v. Ges^{§ 20 h}; on—Kö^{ii. 1, 512}).

† סִבְּכַי n.pr.m. a captain of David; 𝔊 Σοβοχαι, etc.; 2 S 21:18 = 1 Ch 20:4, 1 Ch 11:29 + ‖ 2 S 23:27 where read ס׳ for MT מְבֻנַּ׳ Th We Dr Klo Bu Kit Löhr cf. HPS (B ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν, but 𝔊L Σαβενι); also 1 Ch 27:11.

† [סָבַל] vb. bear a heavy load (NH id.; Ar. סְבַל, ܣܒܰܠ id.; cf. also sub זבל p. 259 b supr.);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. סְבָלָם Is 53:4; 1 pl. סָבָ֑לְנוּ La 5:7;—Impf. 3 ms. יִסְבֹּל Is 53:11; 1 s. אֶסְבֹּל 46:4; 3 mpl. sf. יִסְבְּלֻהוּ 46:7; Inf. cstr. לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15;—bear a load, וַיֵּט שִׁכְמוֹ לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15 (poem in J; of Issachar under fig. of ass); of carrying an idol Is 46:7; of י׳ carrying Isr. v 4, 4; servant of י׳ carrying load of pain 53:4 and guilt v 11; Isr. bearing iniquities of fathers La 5:7.

Pu. Pt. pl. מְסֻבָּלִים laden, ψ 144:14 (i.e. pregnant Ges Hi Ew Hup-Now Che al.; perhaps better fatted Epstein^{ZAW 1913, 226–7} 𝔊 Aq Symm 𝔙 𝔙).

Hithp. Impf. וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב Ec 12:5 stuffs itself, grows fat 𝔊 𝔙 (v. חָגָב).

† סֵ֫בֶל n.[m.] load, burden;—abs. Ne 4:11 ψ 81:7 (enforced burden); cstr. id., = burdensome labour (of corvée) 1 K 11:28.—Vid. also סַבָּל.

† [סֹ֫בֶל] n.m. ^{Is 10:27} burden (always fig. of burden of tyranny);—only sf. סֻבֳּלוֹ, Is 10:27 (v. reff. on סֻבְּכוֹ, [סְבֹךְ]), עֹל ס׳ 9:3; 14:25 (in all conceived as burden resting on shoulders).

† סַבָּל n.[m.] burden-bearer, (late);—only abs. ס׳ coll. Ne 4:4; 2 Ch 2:1, 17; mpl. abs. סַבָּלִים 2 Ch 34:13;—נֹשֵׂא סַבָּל 1 K 5:29 is certainly wrong; 𝔊 αἴροντες ἄρσιν, 𝔙 qui onera portabant, hence prob. נֹשֵׂא סֵ֫בֶל; > אִישׁ סַבָּל, as ‖ 2 Ch 2:1.

† [סִבְלָה] n.f. burden;—pl. cstr. סִבְלֹת מִצְרַיִם Ex 6:6 (P), of the heavy labours imposed on Isr. by Egyptian, v 7; sf. סִבְלֹתֵיכֶם 5:4 (J), סִבְלֹתָם 1:11; 5:5 (both J), 2:11 (E); (cf. ψ 81:7, סֵבֶל).

† סִבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. prob. flowing stream, only Ju 12:6 dial. form of i. שִׁבֹּלֶת (> ear of wheat); cf. Marquardt^{ZAW viii (1888), 151 ff.} but also GFM Bu; v. I. שִׁבֹּלֶת.

† סִבְרַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. city between the border of Damascus and that of Hamath Ez 47:16; identif. by v. Kasteren^{Rev.Bibl. Internat. 1895, 23 ff.} with Khirbet Sanbariye on the river Ḥâṣbâni, SW. of Hermon, cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 67, 238}, but this appar. too far SW.; 𝔊 Σεβραμ, A Σεφραμ. A city Šabaraʾin is named in Bab. ^{Chron i. 28} (Schr^{KB ii. 276}); but location not given.

† סַבְתָּה, סַבְתָּא n.pr.gent. 3rd ‘son’ of Cush according to Gn 10:7 (ה—ָ), = 1 Ch 1:9 (א—ָ); identif. with Σαββαθα [Periplus maris Erythr.²⁷], Σαυβαθα Ptol ^{vi. 7, 38}, or Σαβατα [Strabo^{xvi. 42}], Sabota [Plin^{NH vi. § 155, xii. 63}], old commercial city of S. Arabia, by Tuch Ku, but this = Sab. שבות (not ס׳) Levy-Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 253; xx (1866), 273}, cf. Hal^{JAs 7, iv. 525}; Glaser^{Skizze ii. 252 f.} proposes Σαφθα (Ptol ^{vi. 7, 30}), near W. shore of Pers. Gulf; 𝔊 Σαβαθα, Σαβατα, Σεβαθα. All uncertain conjectures.

† סַבְתְּכָא n.pr.gent. 5th ‘son’ of Cush according to Gn 10:7 = 1 Ch 1:9 (ה—ָ according to Baer; א—ָ, as Gn, van d. H. Ginsb); location quite unknown; 𝔊 Σαβακαθα, Σεβεκαθα.

† [סָגַד] vb. prostrate oneself in worship (only Is 44, 46) (perhaps Aramaic loan-word in Heb., cf. Nö^{ZMG xli (1887), 719}; Aramaic סְגֵד, ܣܓܶܕ, so Old Aramaic סגד, ܣܓܕܐ (Sachau) Lzb³²⁸; Ethiopic ሰገደ all id.; Arabic سَجَدَ be lowly, submissive, prostrate oneself in prayer, etc., مَسْجِدٌ mosque, Nab. מסגדא shrine(?) Lzb^152.328, Syriac ܡܰܣܓܕܳܐ = Arabic; cf. We^{Skizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141});—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִסְגּוֹד לוֹ Is 44:17 Kt he prostrateth himself to it (an idol; Qr יִסְגָּד־לוֹ + יִשְׁתַּחוּ, יִתְפַּלֵּל); וַיִּסְגָּד־לָ֑מוֹ v 15 (‖וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ); 1 s. לְבוּל עֵץ אֶסְגּוֹד v 19; 3 mpl. יסְגְּדוּ אַף־יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ 46:6 (abs.).—Cf. Biblical Aramaic סְגִד.

סִגִים, סִגִּים v. סִיג sub I. סוג.

סגל (√ of foll.; cf. NH סְגוּלָּה as BH; סִגֵּל acquire property; Aramaic סְגוּלָא, ܣܓܽܘܠܴܐ, bunch of grapes, Assyrian sugullâte, herds; also Arabic سَجْلٌ [a full bucket, bucketful], share, portion).

† סְגֻלָּה n.f. possession, property (on format. v. Ba^{NB § 95 b} Kö^{ii. 1, 168});—abs. ס׳ Ex 19:5 + 5 times; cstr. סְגֻלַּת Ec 2:8; sf. סְגֻלָּתוֹ ψ 135:4;—

1. valued property, peculiar treasure, which י׳ has chosen (בחר) and taken to himself; always of people of Israel, first Ex 19:5 (E; 𝔊 λαὸς περιούσιος = Tit 2:14; 1 Pet 2:9 λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν = περιποίησις Eph 1:14 cf. Br^{MP 102; MA 52, 235}); then עַם ס׳ Dt 7:6; 14:2; 26:18; later ס׳ alone, Mal 3:17 ψ 135:4.

2. treasure (very late), of kings 1 Ch 29:3 (gold and silver), Ec 2:8.

† [סָגָן, סֶ֫גֶן] n.m. prefect, ruler (loan-word from Assyrian šaknu, prefect of conquered city or province (√ šakânu, set, appoint) Dl^{HWB 659}, cf. Schr^COT Is 41:25; appar. = NH סָגָן, סֶגֶן, Aramaic סִגְנָא a superior (not high) priest; Mand. אשגאנדא WBrandt^{Mand. Schriften 169} a candidate for priesthood; cf. Jen in Brandt^ib.; hence perhaps Gk. ζωγάνης, cf. Lewy^{Fremdw. 129});—only pl. סְגָנִים Ez 23:6 + 14 times; sf. סְגָנֶיהָ Je 51:57 + v 58 (where read prob. סְגָנָיו 𝔊 Gie);—

1. prefects of Assyr. and Bab. Ez 23:6, 12, 23 Je 51:23, 57 (all + פַּחוֹת), Is 41:25, of king of Medes Je 51:28 (+ פַּחוֹת).

2. petty rulers, officials of Judah (only Ne Ezr in sources): disting. from חֹרִים nobles Ne 2:16; 4:8, 13; 5:7, 7:5; alone, 2:16; 12:40; 13:11; + יְהוּדִים 5:17 (v. also 2:16); + שָׂרִים Ezr 9:2. Cf. Biblical Aramaic סְגַן.

I. סָגַר vb. shut, close (NH id., Aramaic סְגַר, ܣܓܰܪ id.; Zinj. מסגרת prison Lzb³²⁸; Ph. סגר Pi. or Hiph. deliver over; poss. Ethiopic ሠገራት (prison) guard Prä^{BAS i. 371});—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Gn 19:6 +, 3 pl. סָֽגְרוּ 2 Ch 29:7, סָֽגְר֑וּ ψ 17:10 (cf. Baer’s n., Ges^{§ 29 o} Kö^{ii. 1, 535 Anm.}), סָנָר֑וּ Gn 19:10 Jos 2:7; Impf. יִסְגֹּר Jb 12:14 Mal 1:10, 1 pl. cohort. נִסְגְּרָה Ne 6:10, etc.; Imv. ms. סְגֹר ψ 35:3 Is 26:20 (וּסֲגֹר Baer Ginsb), mpl. סִגְרוּ 2 K 6:32; Inf. cstr. לִסְגּוֹר Jos 2:5; Pt. act. סֹגֵר Is 22:22; f. סֹגֶּרֶת Jos 6:1 (but v. infr.); pass. סָגוּר 1 K 6:20 + 12 times;— 1. shut door (דֶּלֶת) Gn 19:10 (J) 2 K 6:32 Mal 1:10 Ne 6:10 2 Ch 28:24; 29:7; gate (שַׁעַר) Jos 2:7 (JE) Ez 46:12, cf. 44:1, 2^(×2); 46:1, וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ לִסְגֹּר Jos 2:5 (JE), also (שַׁעַר om.) Jos 6:1 (si vera l.; סֹגֶרֶת dittogr. according to Buhl ^{Lex 13}); door after one (אַחֲרֵי), on leaving room Gn 19:6 (J); upon, behind, oneself, from within (בְּעַד q.v.) 2 K 4:4, 5, 33 Is 26:20 (fig.), also (דֶּלֶת om.) Ju 9:51 2 K 4:21; c. דֶּלֶת + בְּעַד upon one left inside Ju 3:23, and (דֶּלֶת om.) Gn 7:16 (J); fig. ס׳ דַּלְתֵי בִטְנִי Jb 3:10, cf. ס׳ רַחְמָהּ 1 S 1:5, ס׳ בְּעַד רַחְמָהּ v 6 abs. shut (opp. פָּתַח) Is 22:22^(×2); metaph. חֶלְבָּמוֹ ס׳ ψ 17:10 their fat (i.e. gross, unreceptive heart) they have closed. 2. a. close in upon (בְּעַד) Ju 3:22 (fat upon blade of sword), so poss. also וַיִּסְגֹּר בָּשָׂר תַּחְתֶּנָּה Gn 2:21 (J) and flesh closed in, in place of it (usually and he closed flesh, i.e. closed the gap with flesh); ס׳ עֲלֵיהֶם הַמִּדְבָּר Ex 14:3 the wilderness hath closed in upon them; obj. om., יִסְגֹּר עַל־אִישׁ Jb 12:14 he closeth in upon a man, fig. of imprisonment. b. close up breach (פֶּרֶץ) [in wall] of city 1 K 11:27; poss. close up [path] (si vera l.) ψ 35:3 Vrss Ol De Bae; JDMich DeW Ew Hup-Now Che take סְגֹר here as weapon, usually 4 [Gk. σάγαρις] of Massagetae Herod. ^{i. 215} cf. Lag^{Ges Abh. 203}, also Egyptian sagartá (loan-word) Bondi ⁵⁵; both improb., text prob. corrupt; Schwally^{ZAW xi (1891), 258} reads חֲגֹר > Hal^{Rev. Sém. iii (1894), 47} עוּרָה (cf. ψ 59:5). 3. Pt. pass., closed up = closely joined with tight seal, Jb 41:7 (of scales of crocodile). 4. elsewhere only Pt. pass. in זָהָב סָגוּר, only of temple adornment and utensils 1 K 6:20, 21; 7:49, 50; 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20; 4:20, 22; perhaps read סָגוּר (abbrev. for ז׳ ס׳) Jb 28:15 (for MT סְגוֹר, so Hoffm Bu Du); cf. Assyrian ḫurâṣu sakru, sagiru, Dl^{HWB 499}.

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִסְגַּר 1 S 23:7; Impf; 3 ms. יִסָּגֵר Ez 46:2; 3 fs. juss. תִּסָּגֵר Nu 12:14, וַתִּסָּגֵר v 15; 3 mpl. יִסָּנֵר֑וּ Is 45:1; 60:11, וַיִּסָּֽגְרוּ Ne 13:19; Imv. ms. הִסָּגֵר Ez 3:24;— 1. subj. pers. be shut up [in city] 1 S 23:7, מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Nu 12:14, 15 (E); בְּתוֹךְ בַּיִת Ez 3:24. 2. be shut, closed, of city gates Ez 46:2 Is 45:1; 60:11 and (דלתות) Ne 13:19.

Pi. Pf. 3 ms. סִגַּר 1 S 26:8 2 S 18:28; sf. סִגְּרַנִי 1 S 24:19; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְסַגֶּרְךָ 1 S 17:46;—deliver up to (leave no other opening for one, shut one up to), cf. [מָגַן], מִגֵּן, p. 171 b supr.), only S: c. acc. pers. + בְּיַד 1 S 17:46; 24:19; 26:8; בְּיַד om. 2 S 18:28 (v. also Hiph.).

Pu. Pf. 3 ms. סֻגַּר Is 24:10; 3 pl. סֻגְּרוּ Je 13:19, וְסֻגְּרוּ consec. Is 24:22; Pt. f. מְסֻגֶּ֫רֶת Jos 6:1;—be shut up: 1. of cities Je 13:19 (opp. פָּתַח), of beleaguered city Jos 6:1 (JE), of houses Is 24:10 (+ מִבּוֹא). 2. of prisoners עַל־מַסְגֵּר Is 24:22 = down into a dungeon. 3. of doors Ec. 12:4.

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִסְגִּיר Lv 14:46 +; 2 ms. sf. הִסְגַּרְתַּ֫נִי ψ 31:9; 1 s. וְהִסְגַּרְתִּ֫י Am 6:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַסְגִּיר Jb 11:10, וַיַּסְגֵּר ψ 78:48, 62; 2 ms. תַּסְגִּר Dt 23:16, juss. תַּסְגֵּר Ob 14, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַסְגִּיר Am 1:6, sf. הַסְגִּירוֹ 1 S 23:20, הַסְגִּירָם Am 1:9;— 1. deliver up to (cf. Pi., c. acc. obj. + בְּיַד 1 S 23:11, 12, 20; 30:15 Jos 20:5 (D) ψ 31:9 La 2:7; + לְ Am 1:9 ψ 78:50, 62, and (acc. pers. om.) Am 1:6; + אֶל־ Dt 23:16 Jb 16:11; c. acc. of animal + לְ ψ 78:48; c. acc. pers. alone Dt 32:30 Ob 14, acc. om. 1 S 23:12; c. acc. urb. alone Am 6:8. 2. shut up (late; chiefly Lv 13, 14, P): a. c. acc. pers. Lv 13:5, 11, 21, 26 cf. v 4, 31, 33, so (abs.) = imprison Jb 11:10; c. acc. rei Lv 13:54 cf. v 50. b. c. acc. הַבַּיִת Lv 14:38 and (indef. subj. v 46.

† סְגוֹר n.[m.] enclosure, encasement;—cstr. סְגוֹר לִבָּם Ho 13:8 the encasement of their heart (pericardium; i.e. their vitals).—סְגוֹר Jb 28:15 must = fine gold, si vera l., but v. סגר, Qal ad fin.; סְגֹר ψ 35:3 v. id., Qal 2 b.

† סוּגַר n.[m.] cage, prison (poss. loan-word from Assyrian šigaru, cage (Ba^{NB 22}); NH סוּגָר 6 or chain = Syriac ܣܽܘܓܳܪܳܐ (clog of) 6 whence Arabic سَاجُورٌ 6 (as loan-word), Frä ¹¹⁴ Prä^{BAS i. 372});—וַיִּתְּגֻהוּ בַסּוּגַר Ez 19:9 and they put him into a cage.

† מַסְגֵּר n.[m.] 1. locksmith, smith. 2. dungeon:—always abs.:

1. coll. smiths, וְכָל־הֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמּ׳ 2 K 24:14 cf. v 16, Je 24:1; 29:2.

2. dungeon Is 24:22 (cf. סגר Pu.); fig. of exile 42:7 (הוֹצִיא מִמּ׳); הוֹצִיאָה מִמּ׳ נַפְשִׁי ψ 142:8.

† מִסְגֶּ֫רֶת n.f. 1. border, rim. 2. fastness;—abs. מ׳ Ex 25:27; 37:14; cstr. מ׳ 25:25; 37:12; sf. מִסְגַּרְתּוֹ 25:25; 37:12; pl. abs. מִסְגְּרוֹת 1 K 7:28 +; sf. מִסְגְּרֹתֶיהָ v 35, 36, etc.;—

1. border, rim (enclosure), of sacred table in tabern. Ex 25:25^(×2), 27 = 37:12^(×2), 14; of bases of the sea, in temple 1 K 7:28, 31, 32, 35, 36 (cf. Benz), also 2 K 16:17.

2. fastness, וְיַחְרְגוּ מִמּ׳ ψ 18:46 = 2 S 22:46 (v. חרג) and they shall come quaking out of their fastnesses, so Mi 7:17 (יִרְגְּזוּ, like reptiles), all of nations, in awe of י׳.

II. סגר ( √ of foll.; cf. appar. Arabic سَجَرَ fill with water Lane ¹³⁰⁸, سَاجِرٌ torrent that fills everything Id.^ib.; Syriac ܣܰܓܪܳܐ imber vehemens, and Sam. אַסְגָּר cf. Gei^{Nachgel. Schr. iv. 186}).

† סַגְרִיר n.[m.] steady, persistent rain (on format. cf. Ba^{NB 215});—abs. יוֹם ס׳ Pr 27:15 a day of steady rain, rainy day.

† סַד n.[m.] stocks, for confining feet of culprits (prob. loan-word from Aramaic סַדָּנָא סַדָּא, ܣܰܕܳܐ; NH סַד, pl. סַדִּין); = Lat. nervus, Gk. ποδοκάκη;—abs. שִׂים בַּסּ׳רַגְלַיִם Jb 13:27 (𝔊 κώλυμα), 33:11 (𝔊 ξύλον); (cf. syn. מַהְפֶּכֶת, and Gk. equiv. there cited).

סְדֹם₃₉ n.pr.loc. Sodom, important Canaanitish city named (usually) with Gomorrha (עֲמֹרָה, q.v.);—𝔊 Σόδομα (inflected Σοδόμων, Σοδόμοις):—ס׳ (on format. cf. Lag^{BN 54}), Gn 13:10, 12, 13 + 7 times Gn 18, 19, + סְדֹ֫מָה (ה loc.) Gn 10:19; 18:22; 19:1 (all J), + 8 times Gn 14; from 8th cent. onwards, used as illustrating י׳’s judgments, Am 4:11 Is 1:9; 13:19 Dt 29:22 Je 49:18; 50:40 Zp 2:9 La 4:6; as proverbial for open sin Is 3:9 Je 23:14, so metaph. קְצִינֵי ס׳ Is 1:10 (i.e. rulers as corrupt as in Sodom), גֶּפֶן ס׳ Dt 32:32 (i.e. wickedness like Sodom’s); Judah cp. with ס׳ to her disadvantage Ez 16:46, 48, 49, 53, 55, 56. Site prob. at S. end of Dead Sea, where are now Jebel Usdum (SW.), and Zoar SE. cf. Di Gn 19:20 ff. Rob^{BR ii. 187 ff.} GASm^{Geogr. 505 ff.} Blankenhorn^{ZPV xix (1896), 53 ff.} Bd^{Pal. 3, 146} Buhl^{Geogr. 117, 271, 274}. Vid. also שִׂדִּים.

† סָדִין n.[m.] linen wrapper (perhaps foreign word; cf. Assyrian sudinnu Dl^{HWB 490}, a garment; NH סָדִין, 𝔗 סְדִינָא, Syriac ܣܕܝܢ, ܣܕܝܢܐ (rare) Mk 15:46; > cf. Arabic سِدْنٌ, سَدِينٌ 2 (v. Lane ¹³³⁵), or ܣܶܕܽܘܢܳܐ, Gk. [and 𝔊] σινδών, cf. Frä ⁴⁸ Lewy^{Fremdw. 85});—abs. ס׳ Pr 31:24; pl. סְדִינִים Ju 14:12, 13 Is 3:23;—wrapper or rectangular piece of fine linen, worn as outer, or (at night) as sole garment (cf. GFM Ju 14:12), + חֲלִפֹת בְּגָדִים Ju 14:12, 13, in list of women’s finery Is 3:23, made and sold by the capable woman Pr 31:24.

סדר ( √ of foll.; cf. Assyrian sadâru, arrange in order, sidru, sidirtu, 2 NH סָדַר arrange, order, Aramaic סְדַר, ܣܕܰܪ all c. deriv.).

† [סֵ֫דֶר] n.[m.] arrangement, order (on vocaliz. cf. Assyrian sidru, sidirtu, and Ba^{NB § 77 c.});—only pl. לֹא סְדָרִים Jb 10:22 = disorder, confusion, of the dark underworld.

† [שְׂדֵרָה] n.f. 1. row, rank of soldiers in line. 2. architectural term. (prob. for סְדֵרָה, v. supr. and cf. Ba ^{§ 92 a});—only pl. abs. שְׂדֵרוֹת 2 K 11:8 2 Ch 23:14, -רֹת 1 K 6:9 2 K 11:15;—

1. rows, ranks, 2 K 11:8, and v 15 = 2 Ch 23:14 (where thought to be gloss by Benz, on account of מִבַּיִת, within).

2. term. techn. of building, גֵּבִים וּשְׂדֵרֹת בָּאֲרָזִים 1 K 6:9, meaning unknown.

† [מִסְדְּרוֹן] n.[m.] porch, colonnade? (place of a row (of pillars)?);—only c. ה loc.: וַיֵּצֵא אֵהוּד הַמִּסְדְּר֑וֹנָה Ju 3:23 precise meaning dub., cf. GFM.

סהר ( √ of foll. = be round?; cf. NH סַ֫הַר a round place; Assyrian sîru, enclosing wall; also Ph. סהרו n.pr.loc.).

† סַ֫הַר n.[m.] roundness;—אַגַּן הַסּ׳ Ct 7:3 a bowl of roundness = a round bowl (in sim.).

† סֹ֫הַר n.[m.] roundness (?);—only in בֵּית הַסּ׳ Gn 39:20^(×2), 21, 22, 23 (all J), 40:3, 5 (R^J), the round house (name of a prison: but ס׳ perhaps an Egyptian word Hebraized, cf. Dr in Hastings^{DB ii. 768 n.} and Eb^{ÄgM 318f.}).

† סוֹא n.pr.m. (𝔊 Σηγωρ, A Σωα, 𝔊L Αδραμελεχ τὸν Αἰθίοπα τὸν κατοικοῦντα ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ (!); Jos^{Ant. ix, 14, 1} Σωαν; 𝔙 Sua; all acc.), called מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם 2 K 17:4, with whom Hoshea had intrigue; poss. = Šab-ʾ-ê, or Sib-ʾ-ê mentioned by Sargon (KB ^{ii. 54, 1. 25, 26} COT^{ad loc.}) as a ruler (appar.) under Pirʾu of Muṣuri; hence Schr^{COT l.c.} proposes to read סֶוֶא, and, further identif. Šab-ʾ-ê = סֶוֶא with Šabaku, founder of 25th (Ethiop.) dynasty, cf. Wied^{Äg. Gesch. 583 f.}; very uncertain is Wkl’s conj. of סוא = Sib-ʾ-ê as gneral of kg. Pirʾu of Muṣri in N Arabic (Wkl^{MVG 1898, 3 ff.}).

I. [סוּג, seldom שׂוּג] vb. move away, backslide (שׂ׳ erron.; Arabic ((سوج), سَاجَ), go and come Lane ¹⁴⁵⁹, سَوْجَانٌ abitus et adventus Frey (Kam.));—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. סָג ψ 53:4; Impf. 1 pl. נָסוֹג ψ 80:19; Pt. act. cstr. סוּג Pr 14:14 (Ba^{NB § 124 c} Ges^{§ § 50 f, 72 p});—backslide, prove recreant to י׳, c. מִן ψ 80:19; so abs. 53:4; סוּג לֵב Pr 14:14 a backslider in heart.

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נָסוֹג ψ 44:19, נָשׂוֹג 2 S 1:22 (שׂ for ס); 1 s. נְסוּגֹתִי Is 50:5; 3 pl. נָסֹ֫גוּ Is 42:17 Je 38:22; Impf. 3 ms. יִסַּג Mi 2:6 (Ges^{§ 72 dd}, but v. infr.); 3 mpl. יִסֹּ֫גוּ ψ 35:4 + 3 times, וַיִּסֹּ֫גוּ ψ 78:57; Inf. abs. נָסוֹג Is 59:13; Pt. pl. נְסוֹגִים Zp 1:6 Je 46:5;— 1. refl. turn oneself away, turn back: a. lit. of Jonathan’s bow 2 S 1:22, c. מִן (v HPS). b. fig. = prove faithless (as Qal): (1) of human friends, נס׳ אָחוֹר Je 38:22 (abs.); usually (2) נס׳ מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ Zp 1:6 cf. Is 59:13; so abs. ψ 78:57 (+ בָּגַד), c. אָחוֹר Is 50:5 (‖ מָרִיתִי), ψ 44:19 (‖ נָטָה מִן).—לֹא יִסַּג כְּלִמּוֹת Mi 2:6 could mean reproaches do not depart, i.e. cease (Hi-St Che GASm Now RV); Now proposes also (emending foll. v.) shall not disgrace depart from Jacob’s house? Buhl^{Lex 13} conj., plausibly, יַשִּׂיג (√ נשׂג) disgrace shall not overtake us. 2. be turned or driven back, be repulsed, of י׳’s foes: + אָחוֹר Je 46:5; Is 42:17 ψ 35:4; 40:15 = 70:3, 129:5.

Hiph. 1. usually of displacing, moving back a boundary mark (גְּבוּל), Impf. 2 ms. תַּסִּיג Dt 19:14, juss. תַּסֵּג Pr 22:28; 23:10; 3 mpl. יַשִּׂיגוּ Jb 24:2 (שׂ for ס); Pt. מַסִּיג ג׳ Dt 27:17, מַסִּיגֵי ג׳ Ho 5:10. 2. remove, carry away, valuables, to rescue them, juss., 2 ms. תַּסֵּג Mi 6:14 si vera l. (on synt. v. Dr^{§ § 152, 1. 2; 155 Obs.}).

Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהֻסַּג אָחוֹר מִשְׁפָּט Is 59:14 and justice is driven back (‖ צְדָקָה מֵרָחוֹק תַּעֲמֹד).

סוג Ez 22:18 v. following.

† סִיג, שִׂיג n.[m.] 1. a moving back or away; 2. dross (what is removed from metal);—abs. סִיג Ez 22:18 Qr (סוג Kt), שִׂיג 1 K 18:27 (שׂ for ס, but v. infr.); pl. סִיגִים (van d. H. סִגִּים) Is 1:22 + 3 times; סִגִֿים Ez 22:18 + 2 times; sf. סִינָ֑יִךָ Is 1:25;—

1. a moving back, away: שִׂיג לוֹ 1 K 18:27 om. 𝔊L, dittogr. for שִׂיחַ Klo Bur. there is a moving back to him = he has moved back, away (proposes of temporary withdrawal, diff. from דֶּרֶךְ journey).

2. dross, usually of silver Pr 25:4 (מִכָּ֑סֶף), 26:23 (כֶּסֶף ס׳), so (fig. of Isr.) Is 1:22 cf. v 25, Ez 22:18b (סִיגִים כֶּסֶף MT, בְּתוֹךְ כ׳ ס׳ 𝔊 Co Berthol;—Co del. ס׳, not so Berthol Toy), cf. v 18a. 19; indef. ψ 119:119.

† II. [סוּג, שׂוּג] vb. fence about (Aramaic word; ܣܘܓ, ܣܳܓ sepsit, circumsepsit, clausit, ܣܝܳܓܳܐ sepes, cf. 𝔗 סיג Pa. fence about, סְיָיגָא fence; NH סוג fence about; Arabic سَيَاجٌ enclosure made with thorns, etc., around grape-vines, etc. Lane¹⁴⁶⁰, سوّج ii. make a سِيَاجٌ );—only

Qal Pt. pass. f. בִּטְנֵךְ עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים סוּגָה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּים Ct 7:3 thy body a heap of wheat fenced about with lilies (cf. especially De Bu).

Pilp. intens. Impf. 2 fs. תְּשַׂגְֿשֵׂ֑גִי Is 17:11 thou dost fence it carefully about (> make it grow, as if שׂוג = שׂגה, AE Ki Brd Du).

סוד ( √ of foll.; perhaps kindred with יסד (cf. יסד Niph.), v. Kö^{ii. 1, 49}; Ecclus 42:12 Hithp.הִסְתַּוֵּיד (margin הסתיד) converse, is perhaps denom.; Syriac ܣܘܳܕܳܐ, ܣܽܘܘܳܕ friendly, confidential speech, ὁμιλία, ܐܶܣܬܰܘܰܕ = ὁμιλεῖν; Sab. מסוד place of speaker, oracle, Hom^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 529}, who finds connexion with سَيِّدٌ lord, chief (and سَادَ be lord), properly speaker; NH = BH).

† סוֹד n.[m.] council, counsel;—ס׳ abs. Pr 11:13 +; cstr. Je 6:11 +; sf. סוֹדִי Je 23:22 Jb 19:19; סוֹדוֹ Am 3:7 Pr 3:32; סֹדָם Gn 49:6;—

1. council, in familiar conversation;— a. divan or circle of familiar friends, ס׳ בַּחוּרִים Je 6:11, ס׳ משׂחקים 15:17; מְתֵי סוֹדִי Jb 19:19 men of my intimate circle; (י׳) עמד בסוד Je 23:18, 22 in the intimate circle of י׳; בסוד אלוה Jb 15:8; in bad sense, ס׳ מְרֵעִים ψ 64:3. b. assembly, company, ס׳ יְשָׁרִים ψ 111:1 (‖ עֵדָה); סוֹד עמי Ez 13:9; ס׳ קדשׁים ψ 89:8 (of angels); in bad sense, בסוד בא Gn 49:6 (‖ קהל).

2. counsel, taken by those in familiar conversation: a. counsel itself, מחשׁבות באין סוד Pr 15:22 thoughts without counsel; of intimate friendship, ψ 55:15 נַמְתִּיק סוֹד; in bad sense, of crafty plotting 83:4 יַעֲרִימוּ סוֹד. b. secret counsel, which may be revealed (גלה), Am 3:7 Pr 11:13; 20:19; 25:9. c. familiar converse with God, intimacy, ס׳ י׳ ליראיו ψ 25:14 intimacy with י׳ have those who fear him (‖ ברית), את־ישׁרים סודוֹ Pr 3:32 with the upright is his intimacy; here also Jb 29:4 (si vera l.) Di De al.; Siegf Du cf. Buhl ^Lex בְּסֹךְ when Eloah sheltered my tent.

† סוֹדִי n.pr.m. a Zebulunite Nu 13:10 ( = סוֹדִיָּה intimacy of Yah);—𝔊 Σουδ(ε)ι.—Vid. also בְּסוֹדְיָה p. 126 supr.

סוה ( √ of foll.; cf. Ph. סוית curtain, veil? Bloch ⁴⁶ Lzb ³²⁸).

† [סוּת] n.[m.] vesture (NH, but dub.; v. Levy ^{s. v.});—sf. 3 ms. סוּתֹה Gn 49:11 (poem in J; ‖ לְבֻשׁוֹ).

† מַסְוֶה n.[m.] veil;—abs. מ׳ עַל־פָּנָיו Ex 34:33 cf. v 34:35 (P).

סוח ( √ of following; = סחה q.v.).

† סוּחָה n.f. offal;—abs. in sim. נִבְלָתָם כַּסּוּחָה בְּקֶרֶב חוּצוֹת Is 5:25.

† סוּחַ n.pr.m. an Asherite 1 Ch 7:36; 𝔊 Χουχι, A 𝔊L Σουε.

† סוֹטַי, סֹטַי n.pr.m.; בְּנֵי־סֹטַי among returned captives Ezr 2:55 = בְּנֵי סוֹטַי Ne 7:57; 𝔊 Σατει, Σουτει, 𝔊L Σωται.

† I. [סוּךְ, סִיךְ] vb. pour in anointing, anoint (NH Aramaic סוּךְ anoint);—

Qal Pf. 2 fs. וָסַכְתְּ consec. Ru 3:3; 1 s. סָ֑כְתִּי Dn 10:3; Impf. 2 ms. תָּסוּךְ Dt 28:40 Mi 6:15; 2 fs. תָּסוּכִי 2 S 14:2; 1 s. sf. וָאֲסֻכֵֿךְ Ez 16:9; 3 mpl. sf. וַיְסֻכוּם 2 Ch 28:15; also (prob.) 3 ms. וַיָּ֫סֶךְ 2 S 12:20 (Ges^{§ 73 f.}); Inf. abs. סוֹךְ Dn 10:3; appar. Impf. pass. is יִיסָ֔ךְ read יוסך Sam. (Kö^i.436) Ex 30:32 (and not Hoph., cf. Ges^l.c.);—anoint, in the toilet, often after washing; usually 1. refl. anoint oneself, 2 S 12:20; Ru 3:3, סוֹךְ לֹא־סָ֑כְתִּי Dn 10:3; + שֶׁמֶן as acc. mat. 2 S 14:2 Mi 6:15; Dt 28:40. 2. act., anoint another Ez 16:9 (בַּשֶּׁמֶן), 2 Ch 28:15. 3. pass., be poured, Ex 30:32 (P; subj. the sacred oil).

† אָסוּךְ n.[m.] flask (for pouring, anointing);—appar. cstr. אָ׳ שֶׁמֶן 2 K 4:2, cf. Kö^{ii. 1, 139, 401, 494}; yet form unusual and text dub.; Gr מֶסֶךְ, or מִסְכָּה; Klo פַּךְ.

† II. [סוּךְ, סִיךְ] vb. hedge, or fence about, shut in (‖ form of שׂוּךְ; prob. not connected with Arabic شَوْكٌ, Ethiopic ሦክ thorns; poss. cf. Syriac ܣܳܟ finish, Pa. ܣܰܝܶܟ finish, conclude, comprehend, and Arabic سَكَّ close, close up, stop, stop up, lock up, Lane ¹³⁸⁶);—

Qal (al. Hiph., but cf. שׂוּךְ) Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫סֶךְ אֱלוֹהַּ בַּעֲדוֹ Jb 3:23, c. acc. + בְּ instr. וַיָּ֫סֶךְ בִּדְלָתַיִם יָ֑ם 38:8 and (who) shut in the sea with doors? (Bi Bu וּמִי סָךְ, Me מִי סָךְ).

† מְסוּכָה n.f. hedge (‖ form of מְשֻׂכָה q.v. sub שׂוך);—only in fig. יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה Mi 7:4, read יְשָׁרָם מְס׳ (‖ טוֹבָם כְּחֵדֶק), their most upright one is a hedge (an obstruction).

† [סְרֵן, סְוָן] , סְוֵנֵה n.pr.loc. Syene, city on S. border of Egypt, toward Ethiopia, only in phr. (וְעַד־גְּבוּל כּוּשׁ) מִמִּגְדֹּל ס׳ Ez 29:10 cf. 30:6, read prob. סְוֵ֫נָה or < סְוָ֫נָה (Copt. Suan), c. ה loc. (JDMich Sm Co Berthol) = Egypt. Sun, Copt. Suan, mod. أَسُوَان, Aswân; 𝔊 ἕως Συηνης; read prob. סְוָן also 30:16 (for MT סִין q.v.) 𝔊 Συηνη.—See further Jos^{BJ iv. 10, 5} Strabo ^{xxxii. 817–820}, Brugsch^{Geogr. Inscr. i. 155; Reiseber. aus Aegypt. 247} Bd.^{Egyptian 4, 324 f.} Budge^{Nile 284}.

† סְוֵנִים adj.gent.pl. Syenites, so (or סְוָנִים) read prob. for סִינִים (q.v.) Is 49:12.

† I. סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift (cypselus, Tristr^{FFP 82 ff.}) (𝔗 סוּסְיָא Is 38:14);—as twittering Is 38:14 (in sim.); 𝔊 χελιδών, 𝔙 pullus hirundinis; so Je 8:7 Kt (Qr סִיס wrongly; perhaps to distinguish from foll., so Gie), 𝔊 id., 𝔙 hirundo.

II. סוּס₁₃₈ n.m. Ex 15:1 horse (NH סוּס, סוּסָה, Aramaic סוּסְיָא, ܣܽܘܣܝܳܐ, Mand. סוסיא, Sin. id., Lzb ³²⁸; Assyrian sisû (sîsû?) Dl^{HWB 506}; Tel Am. su-u[su] Wkl^{TA. 191, 24}; prob. foreign word cf. Nö^{M 147} Erman ^{Ägypten 649; Eng. tr. 490});—ס׳ abs. 1 K 20:20 +; cstr. Ex 15:19 +; pl. סוּסִים Gn 47:17 +, סֻסִים 2 S 15:1; cstr. סוּסֵי 2 K 2:11; sf. סוּסַי 1 K 22:4; 2 K 3:7, סוּסֶיךָ Mi 5:9 + 4 times, סוּסָיו Is 5:28 +, סוּסֵיכֶם Am 4:10, סוּסֵיהֶם Jos 11:6 +;—horse:

1. non-Isr.; chariot-horses of Canaanites Ju 5:22 (cf. v 28 4:3, 13; עִקְבֵי ס׳; ס׳ coll., as often), Jos 11:4, 6, 9 (JE); horses as property of Egyptians Gn 47:17; Ex 9:3 (both J), cf. Zc 14:15; merchandise of Tyre Ez 27:14; chariot-horses of Egypt [cf. Hom ^{Il. ix. 384}], Ex 14:9, 23 (P), 15:1, 21 (poem), v 19 (P; on all v. Di), Dt 11:4; Is 31:1, 3; Je 46:4, 9; Ez 17:15; of Aram 1 K 20:1 + 11 times K (1 K 20:20 ridden, for flight), Assyr. Is 5:28 + 3 times, Chaldeans Je 4:13 + 6 times; other nations Na 3:2; Je 50:42 + 5 times; as ridden 1 K 20:20 (v. supr.), Je 8:23; Ez 38:4, 15 + 13 times (late).

2. in Isr.; chariot-horses of Absalom 2 S 15:1, especially of Sol., and later, 1 K 5:6, 8; 10:25, 28, 29, and ‖ Chr; 18:5 and (as war-equipment) 22:4 2 K 3:7; 9:33; 10:2 Pr 21:31; סוּסֵי אֵשׁ 2 K 2:11 (Elijah), cf. 6:17; consecr. to sun 2 K 23:11 (cf. RS^{Sem. 275; 2nd ed. 293}); sign of luxury and apostasy Am 4:10; Ho 1:7; 1:4 Is 2:7 Mi 5:9 Zc 9:10, cf. Dt 17:6, 16, but v. Zc 14:20; in vision Zc 6:2^(×2), 3^(×2), 6; ridden 2 K 9:18, 19; 18:23 = Is 36:8, Am 2:15 + 4 times Is Je; in vision Zc 1:8^(×2); שַׁעַר הַסּ׳ Je 31:40; Ne 3:28, cf. 2 K 11:16 = 2 Ch 23:15; property of returned exiles Ezr 2:66 = Ne 7:68 van d. H. (om. Mass. Baer Ginsb q.v.); description of horse Jb 39:19; in various sim. and fig. Am 6:12; Je 5:8; 8:6; 12:5; Ez 23:20; Is 63:13; Jo 2:4; Pr 27:3 ψ 32:9; 147:10.

3. chariot-horses of י׳ Hb 3:15 (fig. of clouds), cf. Zc 10:3.—Cf. also חֲצַר סוּסִים, and פָּרָשׁ, רֶכֶשׁ.

† [סוּסָה] n.f. mare;—c. sf. סֻסָתִי Ct 1:9.—Cf. also חֲצַר סוּסָה.

† סוּסִי n.pr.m. (Gray^{Prop. N. 92});—a Manassite Nu 13:11; 𝔊 Σουσ(ε)ι;—but text dub. Nes^{Eg. 209} Di^{ad loc.} (cf. Gray^l.c.).

† [סוּף] vb. come to an end, cease (𝔗 סוּף, Syriac (ܣܘܦ) ܣܳܦ, cease, stop (often), 𝔗 סוֹפָא, Syriac ܣܽܘܦܳܐ, NH סוֹף end);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. סָ֫פוּ ψ 73:19, וְסָפ֫וּ consec. Am 3:15; Impf. 3 ms. יָסוּף Est 9:28; 3 mpl. יָסֻ֫פוּ Is 66:17;—come to an end Am 3:15 Is 66:17 ψ 73:19 (+ תַּמּוּ), וְזִכְרָם לֹא־יָסוּף מִזַּרְעָם Est 9:28.

Hiph. make an end of, only (if text correct) Impf. 1 s. (+ Inf. abs. אָסֹף, chosen for assonance, v. אסף), cohort. = juss. in form, אָסֹף אָסֵף Zp 1:2, אָסֵף v 3, 3, אָסֹף אֲסִיפֵם Je 8:13 (on these forms v. Gf Bö^{§ 988, 1} Kö^{i. 445, 446}); but read perhaps, for אָסֵף, אֶאֱסֹף, We Buhl ^{Lex 13}, or אֹסֵף, Ges^{§§ 72 aa, 113 w n. 3} Now Zp 1:2, and in Je אָסֹף אֹסְפֵם Ges^l.c. (against Gie v. Hi).

† סוֹף n.m. ^{Ec 7:2} end, late synon. of קֵץ;—ס׳ abs. Ec 3:11, cstr. 2 Ch 20:16 + 2 times; sf. סֹפוֹ Jo 2:26;—end of wady 2 Ch 20:16, of invading swarm Jo 2:20; of God’s work מֵרֹאשׁ וְעַד־סוֹף Ec 3:11; death as end of all men 7:2; = conclusion, sum of instruction 12:13. Cf. Biblical Aramaic.

† I. סוּפָה n.f. storm-wind (that makes an end?);—abs. ס׳ Is 5:28 +; סוּפָ֫תָה Ho 8:7 (Ges^{§ 90 f.}); sf. סוּפָֽתְךָ ψ 83:16; pl. סוּפוֹת Is 21:1;—storm-wind, כְּסַעַר בְּיוֹם ס׳ Am 1:14, Na 1:3 (‖ שְׂעָרָה), Is 17:13 (‖ רוּחַ), Jb 37:9 Is 21:1, as driving chaff Jb 21:18 (vb. גָּנַב; in sim.), sim. of rushing chariots Is 5:28; 66:15 Je 4:13, of ruin Pr 1:27 cf. 10:25; symbol. of י׳’s judgments, רוּחַ יִזְרָ֖עוּ וְס׳ יִקְצֹ֑רוּ Ho 8:7, ψ 83:16 (‖ סַעַר), Jb 27:20 (vb. גָּנַב), Is 29:6 (+ סְעָרָה).

† I. סוּף n.m. ^{Jon 2:6} reeds, rushes (coll.) (prob. loan-word from Egyptian ṭwfi, reeds, Steindorff^{BASi. 603} Erman^{ZMG xivi (1892), 122}; Semitic according to WMM^{As. u. Eur. 101});—

1. rushes, in Nile Ex 2:3, 5 (E); קָנֶהוָסוּף Is 19:6 (of Egypt); Jon 2:6.

2. usually in combin. יַם־סוּף prob. = sea of rushes or reeds (> sea of (city) Suph), which Gk. incl. in wider name θάλασσα ἐρυθρά, Red Sea (cf. Di Ex 13:18 and especially WMM^{As. u. Eur. 42 f.}, who expl. as name orig. given to upper end of Gulf of Suez, extending into Bitter Lakes, shallow and marshy, whence reeds (prob. also reddish colour));—name applied only to arms of Red Sea; most often a. to Gulf of Suez Ex 10:19 Jos 2:10 (both J), Ex 13:18; 15:4, 22; 23:31 (all E), Dt 11:4 Jos 4:23; 24:6 (D), Nu 33:10, 11 (P), elsewhere late Ne 9:9 ψ 106:7, 9, 22; 136:13, 15. b. sometimes to Gulf of Akaba 1 K 9:26, and דֶּרֶךְ יַם־סוּף Nu 21:4 (E), prob. also 14:25 (E), Dt 1:40; 2:1; perhaps Ju 11:16 Je 49:21; poss. read מִיַּם־סוּף for מוֹל ס׳ Dt 1:1 (v. infr.).

† II. סוּף n.pr.loc. (si vera l.) named in defining loc. of Deut. law-giving Dt 1:1 (מוֹל סוּף, where מוֹל by dissimil. for מוּל); but read perhaps מִיַּם סוּף (𝔊 πλησίον τῆς ἐρυθρᾶς, 𝔊L + θαλάσσης, 𝔙 contra mare rubrum), v. i. סוּף. v. Che^{EB Red Sea}.

† II. סוּפָה n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan;—only in phr. וָהֵב בְּס׳ in ancient poet. fragment Nu 21:14; Tristr^{Moab 50} cp. Ṣāfieh (صافيه), SE. oasis of Dead Sea, but ס = ص is most improb.

סוּר and (Ho 9:12) [שׂוּר]₃₀₀ vb. turn aside (NH Hiph. cause to turn aside, or apostatize; TelAm. sûru, n. rebel Wkl^Gloss.);—

Qal₁₆₁ Pf. 3 ms. סָר Ex 3:4 +; 3 fs. סָ֫רָה 1 S 16:14 +; 1 s. סָ֑רְתִּי ψ 119:102; 3 pl. סָרוּ Dt 9:12 +; 2 mpl. סַרְתֶּם v 16 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָסוּר Gn 49:10 +, וַיָּ֫סַר Ju 4:18 +; 3 fs. תָּסוּר 1 S 6:3 +; 1 s. cohort. אָסֻ֫רָה Ex 3:3; 3 mpl. יָסֻ֫רוּ Ex 25:15 +, etc.; Imv. ms. סוּר 2 S 2:22 +, etc.; Inf. abs. סוֹר Dn 9:5, סֹר v 11; cstr. סוּר Is 7:17 +; sf. שׂוּרִי Ho 9:12 (Ges^{§ 6 k} Now); Pt. סָר Jb 1:1 +; f. cstr. סָרַת Pr 11:22; mpl. cstr. סָרֵי Je 6:28 (or from סרר, or שָׂר); pass. f. סוּרָה Is 49:21, c. intrans. meaning (Ges^{§ 50 f} Kö^{ii. 1, 137}), pl. sf. סוּרַי Je 17:13 Qr; and cstr. סוּרֵי 2:21;— 1. turn aside, out of one’s course 1 S 6:12 Dt 2:27, from following, מֵאַחֲרֵי pers. 2 S 2:21, 22, abs. v 23, from attacking, מֵעַל 2 Ch 20:10; turn in unto (for shelter, refuge, etc.), c. אֶל־, Gn 19:2, 3 (J) Ju 4:18^(×3); 19:11, 12 2 K 4:11, c. לְ Ju 20:8, c. שָׁם 18:3; 19:15, שָׁ֫מָה 18:15 2 K 4:8 (+ inf.), v 10; c. הֵ֫נָּה Pr 9:4, 16 (in fig.); for purpose implied Ex 3:3 (J) Ru 4:1^(×2), or expr. by inf. Ex 3:4 (J) Ju 14:8 Je 15:5 (in fig.); especially fig. turn aside from right path, from י׳, his commands, etc., usually c. מִן Ex 32:8 (J) Ju 2:17 Dt 9:12 + 7 times D, Pr 13:14 + 5 times Pr, + 10 times elsewhere, + 2 Ch 8:15 (ins. מִן); c. מֵאַחֲרֵי 1 S 12:20 + 4 times; c. מֵעַל Je 32:40 Ez 6:9; מִן + יָמִין etc. Dt 5:29; 17:11 2 K 22:2 = 2 Ch 34:2; abs. (sometimes = revolt) ψ 14:3 Je 5:23 Dt 11:16; 17:17 (subj. לֵבָב), וְסוּרַי Je 17:13 Qr (> יסורי Kt) read prob. וְסוּרֶיךָ those revolting from thee (Ew Gie); סוּרֵי הַגֶּפֶן נָכְרִיָּה Je 2:21 degenerate (shoots) of the foreign vine (fig.); סָרַת טַעַם Pr 11:22 a woman turning aside as to discretion, shewing lack of it; also from wrong path, sins (of Jerob.), etc., c. מִן 2 K 3:3; 14:24 + 7 times 2 K; c. מֵעַל 2 K 10:31; 15:18; c. מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 K 10:29; †סָר מֵרָע (pt.) Jb 1:1, 8; 2:3 also Is 59:15; סוּר מֵרָע (inf. and imv.) Jb 28:28 Pr 3:7; 13:19; 16:6, 17 ψ 34:15; 37:27. 2. depart, usually c. מִן, of frogs Ex 8:7, flies v 25 (both J), sword 2 S 12:10; sceptre from Judah Gn 49:10 (poem in J): י׳’s hand 1 S 6:3, his kindness 2 S 7:15 (MT, but read אָסִיר 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 ‖ 1 Ch 17:13 Th We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS), his wrath Ez 16:42 (but del. Co Siegf Toy), depart from way = get out of the way, cease to obstruct Is 30:11, etc.; c. מִתּוֹךְ 1 S 15:6^(×2); c. מֵעַל Is 7:17 Ju 16:19 Nu 12:10, etc.; of י׳ departing, מִן pers., Ho 9:12, מֵעַל Ju 16:20 1 S 28:16, מֵעִם 1 S 18:12; God, c. מִן Jb 21:14; 22:17, c. מֵעַל 1 S 28:15; רוּחַ י׳, c. מֵעִם 1 S 16:14; evil spirit, c. מֵעַל v 23; abs. depart [from Babyl.] Is 52:11^(×2); = avoid contact La 4:15^(×3); of wicked Jb 15:30 he shall not depart out of (מִנִּי) darkness, i.e. shall not avoid it, escape it; pt. pass. made to depart, thrust away, of Isr. under fig. of wife Is 49:21 (> act., according to Ba^{NB § 124 c.}). 3. of lifeless things = be removed, oppressor’s yoke, c. מֵעַל Is 14:25 cf. v 25 10:27; staves from (מִן) ark Ex 25:15; abs. iniquity Is 6:7; especially of בָּמוֹת 1 K 15:14; 22:44 2 K 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35 2 Ch 15:17; 20:33. 4. = come to an end, Am 6:7 Is 11:13.—For סָר אֶל־ 1 S 22:14 read שַׂר עַל־ 𝔊 Th Dr Klo Bu Kit Löhr HPS; in 15:32 Th HPS del. סָר (after 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖) as dittogr.; סָר סָבְאָם Ho 4:18 v. סֹבֶא; Ho 7:14 read יָסוֹ֫רוּ for יָס֫וּרוּ (√ סרר q.v.); Je 6:28, it is uncertain whether (סוֹרְרִים) סָרֵי belongs here, revolters among the rebellious, or sub סרר, or even = שָׂרֵי princes, chiefs (cf. 1 S 22:14).

†Poʿlel Pf. 3 ms. דְּרָכַי סוֹרֵר La 3:11 he turned aside my ways (my steps).

Hiph.₁₃₃ Pf. 3 ms. הֵסִיר 2 K 18:4 +; 2 ms. וַהֲסִרֹ֫תָ consec. (Dr^{§ 110 (5) Obs.}) 1 K 2:31; 1 s. הֲסִירֹ֫תִי 2 K 23:27 +, וַהֲסִרֹתִ֫י 1 S 17:46 +; 3 pl. הֵסִ֫ירוּ 2 Ch 30:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָסִיר Is 3:18 +, juss. יָסֵר Ex 8:4 +, וַיָּ֫סַר Gn 8:13 +; sf. וַיְסִרֵהוּ 1 S 18:13, וַיְסִרֶהָ 1 K 15:13, יְסִירֶנָּה Lv 3:4 +; 3 mpl. יָסִ֫ירוּ Is 5:23 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הָסֵר 1 K 20:24 +, הָסִיר Ez 21:31 (read הָסֵיר, הָסֵר); fs. הָסִ֫ירִי 1 S 1:14, etc.; Inf. abs. הָסֵר Gn 30:32 +; cstr. הָסִיר 2 K 6:32 +, etc.; Pt. מֵסִיר Is 3:1 + 3 times;— 1. cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away: c. מִן, Ex 8:4, 27; 33:23 (all J), 23:25 (E) Dt 7:15 1 S 28:3 Jos 7:13 (J) Ju 10:16 Is 3:1 ψ 18:23 (+ ‖ 2 S 22:23, read אָסִיר מִמֶּנִּי De Hup-Now HPS); shoulder from burden ψ 81:7; מֵסִיר אָזְנוֹ מִשְּׁמֹעַ Pr 28:9; + often, + Jb 33:17 (ins. מִן 𝔊 Ew Di De Hi Bu al.); c. מֵעַל, take off ring Gn 41:42 (E) Est 3:10, also 8:2 (abs.); garments Gn 38:14, 19 (J) Dt 21:13 Zc 3:4 1 S 17:39 (armour), also Ex 34:34 (P; abs.) and Ez 26:16 (Co ins. מֵעַל); take off head, מֵעַל 1 S 17:46, abs. 2 S 4:7; 16:9 2 K 6:32; c. מֵעַל also often fig. (from upon = from resting on, or burdening), plagues Ex 8:4; 10:17 (J), cf. Nu 21:7 (E), also 1 S 1:14 Am 5:23 1 K 2:31; reproach 1 S 17:26 Is 25:8; c. מֵעִם = from one’s presence 1 S 18:13, also of י׳ removing his kindness 1 Ch 16:13 + ‖ 2 S 7:15 (v. Qal 2); c. מֵעַל פָּנָיו, of י׳ removing Isr. 2 K 17:18, 23; 23:27; 24:3 Je 32:31; abs. 2 K 23:27; often abs., Gn 8:13 Noah removed the covering; remove = depose c. מִן 1 K 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16 (v. מִן 7 b (b)), abs. 2 Ch 36:3, cf. Ju 9:29 Jb 34:20; remove בָּמוֹת, etc., 2 K 18:4, v 22 = Is 36:7 = 2 Ch 32:12, 2 K 23:19 2 Ch 30:14; 14:2, cf. 14:4; 17:5 (both c. מִן); = put away strange gods, etc., Gn 35:2 Jos 24:14, 23 (all E), 1 S 7:4, c. מִתּוֹךְ v 3 Is 58:9; once c. לְ, מֵסִיר שָׂפָה לְנֶאֱמָנִים Jb 12:20. 2. rarer uses are: put aside = leave undone Jos 11:15 (D); retract words Is 31:2 (of י׳); reject prayer ψ 66:20; abolish sacrifice Dn 11:31; turn one away מֵאַחֲרֵי, i.e. from following Dt 7:4; c. אֶל־ pers., remove the ark unto 2 S 6:10 = 1 Ch 13:13.

†Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּסַר Lv 4:31 Dn 12:11; Impf. 3 ms. יוּסַר Lv 4:35; Pt. מוּסָר Is 17:1; pl. מוּסָרִים 1 S 21:7 (but final ם prob. dittogr. before מ We Dr Klo Kit HPS);—be taken away, removed: c. מִן Lv 4:35, מֵעַל v 31, מִלִּפְנֵי י׳ 1 S 21:7; מוּסָר מֵעִיר Is 17:1 Damascus is removed from being a city; abs. be abolished Dn 12:11 (cf. 11:31 Hiph.).

I. סוּר adj.verb. properly Pt. of סור q.v.

† II. סוּר n.pr. of a temple-gate;—שַׁעַר ס׳ 2 K 11:6 (> ‖ 2 Ch 23:5 שַׁעַר הַיְסוֹד, v. יְסוֹד), but del. ver. as gloss We^{Bleek’s Einl. 4:258} Kmp^Kau Benz.

† סָרָה n.f. a turning aside, defection, apostasy, withdrawal;—always abs. ס׳;—

1. defection, used appar. of any moral or legal offence Dt 19:16, so prob. Is 59:13 (+ עֹשֶׁק, דִּבְרֵי שָׁ֑קֶר).

2. apostasy, Dt 13:6 Is 1:5; 31:6 Je 28:16; 29:32.

3. בִּלְתִּי סָרָה non-withdrawal Is 14:6 (cf. vb., v 25 Am 6:7).

סִרָה v. בּוֹר הַסּ׳ p. 92 supr. יסור, only in יסורי Je 17:13 Kt, but v. Qr סור Qal Pt.

† [סוּת] vb. Hiph. incite, allure, instigate (NH Hiph., id.);—

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הֱסִֽיתְךָ 1 S 26:19, הֲסִֽיתְךָ Jb 36:16; 3 fs. הֵסַ֫תָּה 1 K 21:25 (Ges^{§ 72 w} Kö^{i. 460}); 3 pl. sf. הִסִּית֫וּךָ Je 38:22 (Ges^{§ 72 ee}); Impf. 3 ms. יַסִּית 2 K 18:32 + 2 times, but also וַיָּ֫סֶת 2 S 24:1 1 Ch 21:1, sf. יְסִֽיתְךָ Dt 13:7 Jb 36:18, etc.; Pt. מַסִּית Je 43:3 2 Ch 32:11;— 1. a. incite to make a request (c. acc. pers. + inf.) Ju 1:14 (on text v. GFM) = Jos 15:18. b. allure וַיְסִיתֵם מִמֶּנּוּ 2 Ch 18:31 and God allured them away from him (si vera l.; del. cl. as gloss Be Kit); so also Jb 36:16 according to De Hi Bu al.; he allureth thee out of the mouth of distress, but Di Du freedom hath seduced thee; for meaning seduce, entice, cf. also v 18. 2. instigate, in bad sense, c. acc. pers., + בְּ against, 1 S 26:19 2 S 24:1 Je 43:3 Jb 2:3; c. acc. pers. alone 1 K 21:25 2 K 18:32 = Is 36:18, cf. 2 Ch 32:15, Dt 13:7 Je 38:22; + inf. 1 Ch 21:1 2 Ch 18:2; 32:11.

סוּת n. v. סוה.

† [סָחַב] vb. drag (Impf. consec. 1 s. ואסחב MI ¹⁸, sf. ואסחבה Ib 12:13; Ph. סחב Lzb ³²⁸; Arabic سَحَبَ, Ethiopic ሰሐበ );—

Qal Pf. 1 pl. וְסָחַ֫בְנוּ consec. 2 S 17:13; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִסְחָבוּם Je 49:20; 50:45; Inf. abs. סָחוֹב Je 22:19; cstr. לִסְחֹב Je 15:3;—drag, a city עַד־הַנַּחַל 2 S 17:13, corpses Je 15:3; 22:7–9, captives, under fig. of sheep dragged off by wild beast 49:20 = 50:45 (𝔊 pass., whence Schwally Gie suppose a Niph. יִסָּחֲבוּ).

† סְחָבָה n.f. rag, clout (stuff pulled or dragged about; > Lag^{BN 143} √ شَحُبَ, شَحَبَ become altered for the worse);—only pl. סְחָבוֹת Je 38:11, 12 (both ‖ מְלָחִים).

† [סָחָה] vb. scrape (Arabic سَحَا (سحو and سحى Lane¹³²², scrape off, clear away; cf. Talm. סְחוּתָא, סְחִיתָא refuse, 𝔗 סְחִיתָא dirt, dung);—only

Pi. scrape clean, scour, Pf. 1 s. consec. וְסִחֵתִ֫י עֲפָרָהּ מִמֶּנָּה Ez 26:4 and I will scrape clean her dust from her.

† סְחִי n.[m.] offscouring;—ס׳ וּמָאוֹס תְּשִׂימֵנוּ La 3:45.

† סָחִישׁ n.[m.] grain that shoots up of itself in 2nd year (√ unknown);—‖ סָפִיחַ, 2 K 19:29 (= שָׁחִיס ‖ Is 37:30); on use of this for food, cf. Strabo^{xi. 4, 3} (of Albanians).

† [סָחַף] vb. prostrate (NH סחף, Aramaic סְחַף, ܣܚܰܦ (for ἐδαφίζω, Lk 19:44); Assyrian saḫâpu, throw down, overwhelm);—

Qal Pf. מָטָר סֹחֵף Pr 28:3 a prostrating rain (beating down grain), וְאֵין לָ֑חֶם and (so) there is no bread.

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִסְחַף אַבִּירֶיךָ Je 46:15 why are thy mighty ones (or, why is thy bull, i.e. Apis, Hi Ew Gf) prostrated? but read perhaps נָס חָף אַבִּירְךָ לֹא עָמַד (𝔊 Mich Gie Co) why hath Apis fled, thy bull doth not stand?

† [סָחַר] vb. go around, about, travel about in (NH id., go about as merchant, pedlar, perhaps denom. from סוֹחֵר (Jastr); 𝔗 סְחַר, אַסְחַר 4 PS²⁵⁹³ (rare), especially Chr Pal. Aramaic v. Schwally^{Idiot. 61 f.}; Assyrian saḫâru, turn, surround, Tel Am. return Wkl^{TA Gloss.}; 𝔗 surround (often), and deriv.; Arabic سَخَرَ is mock at, deride);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. סָֽחֲרוּ Je 14:18; Impf. 3 mpl. יִסְחֲרוּ Gn 34:21; 2 mpl. תִּסְחָ֑רוּ Gn 42:34; Imv. mpl. sf. סְחָרוּהָ Gn 34:10; Pt. סֹחֵר Gn 23:16, סוֹחֵר Pr 31:14; cstr. סֹחֵר Is 23:2; fs. sf. סֹחַרְתֵּךְ Ez 27:12, 16, 18 + סֹחֲרֹתַיִךְ v 15 (v. infr.); mpl. סֹחֲרִים Gn 37:28 + 2 times; cstr. סֹחֲרֵי 1 K 10:28 + 3 times; sf. סֹחֲרַיִךְ Is 47:15, -רָ֑יִךְ Ez 27:21, -רֶיהָ Is 23:8;— 1. go about, to and fro (i.e. go about one’s affairs, carry on one’s business) in, c. acc. אֶרֶץ Gn 42:34 (E), 34:10, 21 (P); c. אֶל־אֶרֶץ Je 14:18, but dub., 𝔊 Gf Hi Or Co^Hpt Rothst^Kau journey unto a land which they have not known. 2. Pt. = subst. a trafficker, trader (who goes about with wares, etc.) Gn 23:16 (P), 37:28 (E), Is 23:2, 8; 47:15 1 K 10:28 = 2 Ch 1:16, Ez 27:21^(×2), 36; 38:13; + תָּרִים 2 Ch 9:14; f., of a city or country, Ez 27:12, 16, 18; also in v 15 read סֹחֲרֹתַיִךְ for MT (ידך) סְחֹרַת Sm Co Berthol Toy. P^eʿalʿal. Pf. 3 ms. לִבִּי סְחַרְחַר ψ 38:11 (Ges^{§ 55 e}) my heart palpitates (+ עֲזָבַנִי כֹחִי).

† [סַ֫חַר] n.m. Pr 3:14 traffic, gain;—cstr. סְחַר Is 23:3 + 2 times; sf. סַחְרָהּ Pr 3:14 + 3 times;—traffic, i.e. gain from traffic, Is 23:3, 18 (+ אֶתְנַנָּהּ), v 18; 45:14 Pr 3:14^(×2); 31:18.

† [סְחֹרָה] n.f. merchandise;—cstr. סְחֹוַת Ez 27:15, but v. סחר Pt..

† סֹחֵרָה n.f. buckler;—ψ 91:4 (+ צִנָּה; fig. of י׳’s faithfulness).

† [מִסְחָר] n.m. appar. merchandise;—cstr. מִסְהַר הָרֹכְלִים 1 K 10:15, but text prob. crpt.; Klo proposes מִסַּחַר, so Buhl^{Lex 13}; ‖ 2 Ch 9:14 has הַסֹּחֲרִים, and so Benz here (for both wds. of MT).

† [סֹחֶ֫רֶת] n.f. a stone used (with marble) in paving (cf. Assyrian siḫru, a precious stone, Dl^{HWB 495});—סֹחָ֑רֶת Est 1:6.

[סֵט], סֵטִים v. שֵׂט sub שׂוט.

סִיג v. סוג.

† סִיוָן n.pr. of 3rd month, Sîwān = May–June (loan-word from Assyrian-Bab. Simânu, cf. Schr^COT Ne 1:1 Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 82 ff.}; Palm. סיון Lzb³²⁸ Cook⁸⁴);—בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי הוּא־חֹדֶשׁ ס׳ Est 8:9.

סִיחוֹן, סִיחֹן n.pr.m. Sihon (on format. cf. Lag^{BN 198});—סִיחוֹן Nu 21:27 + 18 times, סִיחֹן v 21 + 17 times;—king of Amorites, Nu 21:21 + 7 times Nu 21 (JE), 32:33 (R) Dt 1:4 + 10 times Dt, Ju 2:10 + 4 times Ju (D) + 13:21^(×2), 27 (P), 11:19, 20^(×2), 21 Je 48:45 1 K 4:19 Ne 9:22 ψ 135:11; 136:19. 𝔊 Σηων, 𝔊L Σιων.

† I. סִין n.pr.loc. Sin, i.e. Pelusium, E. frontier city of Egypt (Egyptian ʾImt = clay, of which סין is transl. (cf. Aramaic סְיָן clay), according to Steindorff^{BAS i. 599}, who cp. Πηλούσιον (πηλός = dirt, mud), cf. Brugsch^{Dict. Géogr. 1081 ff.});—Ez 30:15 (𝔊 Σαιν acc.), + v 16, but here Co Toy read plausibly סון, i.e. סְוָן = Syene (v. [סְוָן], סְוֵנֵה), 𝔊 Συηνη.—On Pelusium v. Bd.^{Egyptian 4 (1898), 169}.

† II. סִין n.pr.loc. wilderness between Elim and Sinai, מִדְבַּר־סִין, according to P, Ex 16:1; 17:1 Nu 33:11, 12; 𝔊 Σειν, A 𝔊L Σιν; cf. Eb^{GS 2. 155 ff.} and especially Di Ex 16:1.

† סִינַי n.pr. mont. Sinai;—name of mt. of law-giving in J and especially P (חֹרֵב in E and especially D): Ju 5:5 ψ 68:9 Dt 33:2 (poem), also Ex 16:1 (P) usually הַר־סִינַי (־סִינָ֑י Lv 7:38 +), rarely J, Ex 19:20, 23 and perhaps 34:2, 4, elsewhere mostly P, 24:16; 31:18; 34:29, 32 Lv 7:38; 25:1; 27:34 and 26:46 (H), Nu 3:1; 28:6, also Ne 9:13; מִדְבַּר סִינַי (סִינָ֑י Nu 1:19 +), Ex 19:1, 2 Lv 7:38 Nu 1:1, 19; 3:4, 14; 9:1, 5; 10:12; 26:64; 33:15, 16 (all P);—in view of these facts, and of E’s use of חֹרֵב (q.v.), it is prob. that Ex 19:11, 18 (in E passages) are from R.—𝔊 Σ(ε)ινα. Identif. dub.; local tradition names Jebel Musa, mt. at S. end of peninsular between the two arms of Red Sea, so Rob^{BR i, 90 ff., especially 119–122} cf. Stanley^{Sinai and Pal. 42 f.} al., specif. its N. supr, Ras Ṣafṣâfeh; but Lepsius^{Briefe 345 ff., 416 ff.} Eb^{GSespecially 392 ff.} al. advocate Serbal, NW. from Jebel Musa (on trad., cf. Eb^{ib. 413 ff.}); v. discussion Di Ex 19:1. Against both is the working of Egyptian mines in the penins. as late as the 19th dyn. (v. Eb^{GS 135, 148 ff., 159, etc.}), involving presence of soldiers there. This, and connex. with Midian (cf. also Ju 5:5), have led to search for Sinai further NE, near head of Gulf of Aḳaba, or even in Seir, so Say^{Monuments 263 ff.}, cf. GFM Ju 5:5; 6:1 and Yakut, cited by Id.^{179 n. §}, also v. Gall^{Altisr. Kultst. 12}; on sanctity of mt. v. further RS^{Sem i. 110f., 2nd ed. 117 f.} Sm^{Rel.Gesch. 30}.

† סֹינִי adj.gent. only c. art. = subst. Gn 10:17 = 1 Ch 1:15 a Canaanite people, in north, 𝔊 τὸν Ἀσενναῖον; cf. city Siânu, ‘on shore of sea,’ in Assyrian inscr. Dl^{Pa 282}, Σιννᾶν (acc.) in possession of those holding Lebanon Strabo^{xvi. 2. 8} (v. Di Gn).

† סִינִים adj.gent.pl. = subst.; אֶרֶץ ס׳ Is 49:12, identif. with Chinese by Thes^948–950 De Che^Comm. al.; but see v. Richthofen^{China i. 436 f., 504}, rev. by Yule^{Acad. xiii. 339}; Di Du; T. de Lacouperie^{BOR i. 45 ff., 183 ff.}, who thinks of Šina, at foot of Hindu Kush, but unlikely; read prob. סְוֵנִים (or סְוָנִים), so Che^{Intr. Is. 275, and Hpt.}, cf. already JDMich.

סִיס Je 8:7 Qr v. I. סוּס.

סִיסְרָא₂₁ n.pr.m. (GFM Ju 4:2; ^{PAOS xix (1898), 160} cp. Hittite names in -sira);—

1. general of Jabin, king of Hazor Ju 4:2 + 12 times Ju 4; appar. himself king 5:20, 26, 28, 30; cf. 1 S 12:9 ψ 83:10;—on ס׳ v. GFM Ju, 107 ff.; ^{PAOS l.c.;} 𝔊 Σ(ε)ισαρα.

†2. בְּנֵי־סִיסְרָא, returned exiles, Ezr 2:53 = Ne 7:55; 𝔊 Σεισαραθ, Σισαρα, etc.

† סִיעָא, סִיעֲהָא n.pr.m. בְּנֵי־סִיעָא returned exiles Ne 7:47 = בְּנֵי־סִיעֲהָא Ezr 2:44; 𝔊 Ne Ασουια, א Ιασουια, A Σιαια, 𝔊L Ιωσιου; 𝔊 Ezr Σωηλ, A Ασαα, 𝔊L Ιωσια.

† I. סִיר n.m. ^{Je 1:13} et f. ^{2 K 4:38} pot (probably foreign wd. (Egyptian?), Arabic زِيرٌ a large water-jar Lane¹²⁷⁶ is perhaps loan-wd.; on Gk. deriv. σιρός, σίρινος, v. Lewy^{Fremdw. 107});—ס׳ abs. 2 K 4:38 +, cstr. Ex 16:3 +; pl. סִירֹת 38:3, סִירוֹת 1 K 7:45 +; sf. סִירֹתָיו Ex 27:3, סִירֹתֵיכֶם ψ 58:10;—pot:

1. a. household utensil for boiling 2 K 4:38, 39, 40, 41^(×2), ס׳ הַבָּשָׂר Ex 16:3 (P), Zc 14:21; ס׳ נָפוּחָ Je 1:13 (cf. נפח; in vision), symbol. of Jerus. Ez 11:3, 7, 11; 24:3, 6; fig. also ψ 58:10 (cf. Che); in sim. Mi 3:3 Jb 41:23 Ec 7:6. b. ס׳ רַחְצִי ψ 60:10 my washing-pot, 108:10.

2. pots used in sanctuary, Ex 27:3; 38:3 (both P), 1 K 7:40 (read סִירוֹת for MT כִּיֹּרוֹת, so Codd. of ℌ 𝔊 𝔙 Th Ke Klo Kmp Benz), v 45 = 2 Ch 4:11, 16, 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18, also Je 52:19 2 Ch 35:13 Zc 14:20.—Here belongs prob. סִרָה in בּוֹר הַסִּרָה, v. p. 92 b.

† II. [סִיר] n.[m.] thorn, hook (𝔗 id.; cf. סירם in Sab. n.pr. Hom^{ZMG xivi (1892), 532});—

1. pl. סִירִיס, thorns, sign of desolation Is 34:13, a barrier Ho 2:8, on Na 1:10 v. [סָבַךְ]; כְּקוֹל הַסּ׳ תַּחַת הַסִּיר Ec 7:6 as the sound of thorns (crackling as they burn) under the pot.

2. pl. סִירוֹת hooks Am 4:2 (cf. בּוּגָה sub דגה; ‖ צִנּוֹת; on realtion of meanings v. חוֹחַ, צֵן).

סָךְ [סֹךְ], סֻכָּה, סֻכּוֹת v. ii. סכך.

† סִכּוּת n.pr.div. Am 5:26 read prob. סַכּוּת, = Assyrian Sakkut (epithet of Adar-Ninip = Saturn), Schr^{SK 1874, 332; COT} Am 5:26, cf. Tiele^{Gesch. 528} Bae^{Rel 239} Rogers^{Ency. Bib. 749} (Vrss Thes al. = סֻכָּה, סֻכּוֹת).

† סֻכּוֹת בְּנוֹת n.pr.div. 2 K 17:30, Assyrian-Bab. deity, worshipped by Babylonians in Samaria; text of name corrupt; Schr^{COT ad loc.} (after H. Rawlinson) proposes Zîr-bânit, or Zarpanituv, wife of Marduk (cf. Hpt^{Andover Rev., May 1886} Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 167}), rejecting Sakkut-binûtu = Marduk Dl^{Par 215}; Jen^{ZA iv. 352} makes בְּנוֹת = banîtu, epithet of Ištar; all doubtful.

† סֻכִּיִּים n.pr.m.pl. a people in army of Shishak according to 2 Ch 12:3 (between לוּבִים and כּוּשִׁים); 𝔊 Τρωγλοδυται, so 𝔙; 𝔊L Σουχιειμ.

† I. [סָכַךְ] vb. overshadow, screen, cover (‖ √ to I. שׂכך (which is prob. orig., cf. Arabic شَكَّ, and Frä⁹⁰); NH הֵסֵיךְ cover, and perhaps סִכֵּךְ roof over);—

Qal Pf. only 2 ms. סַכֹּ֫תָ Ex 40:3, סַכֹּ֫תָה La 3:43, 44, סַכּ֫וֹתָה ψ 140:8; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּסֹ֫כּוּ 1 K 8:7, sf. יְסֻכֻּ֫הוּ Jb 40:22; Pt. act. סוֹכֵךְ Ez 28:14, 16, pl. סֹכֲכִים Ex 25:20 + 2 times;— 1. screen, cover, usually c. עַל־ of thing covered, 1 K 8:7; 1 Ch 28:18; + acc. of covering Ex 40:3 (P); + בְּ of covering 25:20; 37:9 (both P); c. לְ of thing covered ψ 140:8; so (+ בְּ instr.) ס׳ בֶּעָנָן לָךְ La 3:44 thou hast screened thyself with the clouds; c. acc. Jb 40:22 lotus-trees, as its shade, screen it; abs. Ez 28:14, 16 (difficult, text prob. corrupt, Co Toy del. as gloss). 2. reflex. cover oneself ס׳ בָאָף La 3:43 thou hast covered (clothed, panoplied) thyself with anger (si vera l.; cf. v 44 supr.).

Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יָ֑סֶךְ לָךְ ψ 91:4, וַיָּ֑סֶךְ Ex 40:21 + 2 times; 2 ms. תָּסֵךְ ψ 5:12; Inf. cstr. הָסֵךְ 1 S 24:4; Pt. מֵסִיךְ Je 3:24 (Ges^{§ 67 v});—screen, cover, 1. specif. c. אֶת־רַגְלָיו, i.e. with long garments, euphemism for evacuating the bowels, from posture assumed, so inf. Ju 3:24, pt. 1 S 24:4 (cf. NH הֵסֵיךְ, and v. GFM, HPS). 2. elsewhere Impf., as Qal (expl. as Qal Ba^{ZMG xliii (1889), 178}), c. עַל־ Ex 40:21, of protection ψ 5:12; c. לְ pers. + בְּ instr. 91:4 (of protection).

Pilp. סִכְסֵהּ, denom., v. sub IV. שׂכך.—v. סוך for Jb 3:23; 38:8.

† מָסָךְ n.[m.] covering, screen;—abs. מ׳ 2 S 17:19 + 11 times; cstr. מָסַךְ Is 22:8 + 12 times;—

1. covering, large cloth spread (פרש) over well to hide persons within 2 S 17:19; fig. of protection, or of eye-screen, וַיְגַל אֶת־מ׳ יְהוּדָה Is 22:8; screen, of cloud ψ 105:39 (פרשׂ).

2. name given (in P) to each of three screens, of tabern.: a. at gate (שַׁעַר) of court Ex 27:16; 35:17; 38:18; 39:40; 40:8, 33; Nu 3:26 (פֶּתַח), 4:26. b. at entrance (פֶּתַח) of tent Ex 26:36, 37; 35:15; 36:37; 39:38; 40:5, 28; Nu 3:25, 31; 4:25. c. פָּרֹכֶת הַמּ׳ (v. פ׳), dividing off the Most Holy Place within the tent, Ex 35:12; 39:34; 40:21 Nu 4:5.

† [מְסֻכָֿה] n.f. that with which one is covered, covering;—sf. מְסֻכָֿתֶ֑ךָ Ez 28:13 (so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. מְסֻכּ׳) all precious stones were thy covering (= thou wast covered with them);—the tradition is strong in favour of Raphē, but sense favours deriv. from סכך.

† [מוּסָךְ] n.m. architect. term (si vera l.) of some covered structure, otherwise unknown;—only cstr. מוּסַךְ־הַשַּׁבָּת 2 K 16:18 Qr (Kt מיסך i.e. מֵיסַךְ);—𝔊 τὸν θεμέλιον τῆς καθέδρας, i.e מוּסַד הַשֶּׁבֶת?

† II. [סָכַךְ] vb. weave together (‖ form of II. שָׂכַךְ; NH Hiph. הֵסֵיךְ weave, סוּכָּה, booth);—

Qal Impf. 2 ms. sf. תְּסֻכֵּנִי ψ 139:13 thou didst weave me together. Pô. id. Jb 10:11.

† [סַךְ] n.[m.] throng (proposes an interwoven mass);—אֶעֱבֹר בַּסָּ֑ךְ ψ 42:5 I used to pass along in the throng, so most; but word dub..

† [סֹךְ] n.[m.] thicket, covert, lair;—only sf. סֻכּוֹ Je 25:38 lair of י׳, under fig. of lion (but Gie סֻבְּכוֹ cf. 4:7), סֻכֹּה ψ 10:9 of lion (sim. of wicked; Bae סֻכָּה; Lag Che We סֻבְּכוֹ); סוּכּוֹ 76:3 his covert (of י׳ under fig. of lion; ‖ מְעוֹנָתוֹ); for סֻכֹּה in his covert ψ 27:5 Qr read perhaps, with Kt סֻכָּה a booth (Ol Hup-Now Bae cf. 31:21).

† סֻכָּה n.f. thicket, booth (proposes of interwoven boughs cf. Ne 8:15);—abs. ס׳ Is 1:8 +; cstr. סֻכַּת Am 9:11; sf. סֻכָּתוֹ Jb 36:29 ψ 18:12, and so read ‖ 2 S 22:12 (for MT סֻכּוֹת; De Hup-Now HPS); usually pl. סֻכֹּת Gn 33:17 +; סֻכּוֹת 2 S 11:11; +;—

1. thicket, lurking-place of lions Jb 38:40 (cf. [סֹךְ] 1).

2. booth, rude or temporary shelter, for cattle Gn 33:17 (J; distinct from בַּיִת), but also for warriors in the field 2 S 11:11 1 K 20:12, 16; for watchers in vineyards Is 1:8 (sim.) Jb 27:18 (sim. of frailty), for man’s shelter from sun Jon 4:5, cf. (fig.) Is 4:6 ψ 31:21, prob. also 27:5 (v. [סֹךְ]); poet. of fallen house (dynasty) of David Am 9:11; of clouds as (temporary) enclosure (AV ‘pavilion’) of י׳ in storm ψ 18:12 = 2 S 22:12 Jb 36:29.

3. specif. of booths, made of boughs, in which people lived at harvest-feast Lv 23:42^(×2), 43 (H), Ne 8:14, 15, 16, 17^(×2), hence called חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת Dt 16:13, 16; 31:10; Lv 23:34 (P), Zc 14:16, 18, 19; 2 Ch 8:13; Ezr 3:4.

סֻכּוֹת₁₈ n.pr.loc.;—

1. סֻכֹּ֫תָה (ה loc.) Gn 33:17^(×2) (J; expl. from Jacob’s making booths), elsewhere סֻכּוֹת;—city E. of Jordan Ju 8:5 + 6 times Ju 8, Jos 13:27 (P); prob. also 1 K 7:46 = 2 Ch 4:17 (reading מַעְבֶּרֶת אֲדָמָה ford of Adamah GFM Ju 7:22 cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 206} Benz 1 K 7:46); עֵמֶק ס׳ ψ 60:8 = 108:8 is Jordan-valley near Succôth; on identif. cf. GFM Ju 8:5 Buhl^{Geogr. 260}, GASm^{Geogr. 585} and reff.; according to Talm Dêr ʿalla, 1 m. N. of Jabbok Nbr^{Géogr; du Talm 248}, so S. Merrill^{East of Jordan 385 ff.}; 𝔊 Σοκχωθ (Σκηναί Gn 33 cf. ψ).

2. סֻכֹּ֫תָה (ה loc.) Ex 12:37, elsewhere סֻכֹּת;—first station of Isr. at Exodus, Ex 12:37; 13:20; Nu 33:5, 6 (all P); = Egyptian Thku(t) WMM^{As. u. Eur. 70}, Thkw Steindorff^{BAS i. 603}; on site v. Naville^{Pithom (1885), especially pp. 6. 23 f.} Guthe^{ZPV viii (1885), 219 f.}; 𝔊 Σοκξωθ.

† סֹכֵךְ n.[m.] protector;—term. techn. of structure shielding stormers of city (Lat. testudo) הַסּ׳ Na 2:6; 𝔊 τὰς προφυλακὰς αὐτῶν.

† סְכָכָה n.pr.loc. in wilderness of Judah Jos 15:61; A Σοχοχα, 𝔊L Σχαχα. Site unknown.

† [סָכַל] vb. be foolish, or a fool, usually in moral or spiritual sense (Syriac ܣܟܰܠ,, Aph. act foolishly; ܣܰܟܠܴܐ foolish, etc., 𝔗 סְכַל der. species, act foolishly; סַכְלָא fool; Chr Pal Aramaic ܣܟܠ, Aph. = ἁμαρτάνω, also deriv. Schwally^{Idiot. 62}; Assyrian saklu, perhaps foolish, Dl^{HWB 498}; Aramaic ܣܟܰܠ, סְכַל know, be intelligent, cause to understand, etc. (der. species), cf. שׂכל; Me^{Chrest. Targ.} derives both these opp. meanings from Arabic شَكْلٌ form, likeness Gerber¹⁷⁸ thinks Heb. vb. denom.);—

Piel Impf. יְסַכֵּל Is 44:25, Imv. סַכֶּל־נָא 2 S 15:31, make foolish, turn into foolishness.

Niph. Pf. 2 ms. נִסְכַּלְתָּ 2 Ch 16:9; נִסְכָּ֑לְתָּ 1 S 13:13; 1 s. נִסְכַּלְתִּי 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8, act or do foolishly.

Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִסְכַּלְתָּ Gn 31:28 (E), 1 s. הִסְכַּלְתִּי 1 S 26:21, do foolishly, play the fool.

† סָכָל n.m. fool (on format. cf. Lag^{BN 48});—Je 5:21; Ec 2:19; 7:17; 10:3^(×2), 14; pl. adj. סְכָלִים Je 4:22.

† סֶ֫כֶל n.m. folly;—Ec 10:6.

† סִכְלוּת, שִׂכְלוּת n.f. folly;—ס׳ Ec 2:3, 12, 13; 7:25; 10:1, 13; שׂ׳ Ec 1:17 (שׂ erroneously for ס).

† I. [סָכַן] vb. be of use or service, benefit (Tel Am. sakânu, care for (c. prep. ana) Zim^{ZA vi. 248} Wkl^{TA Gloss.}; Ph. סכן prefect Lzb³²⁹; cf. perhaps TelAm. zukini as loan-word Wkl^l.c.);—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. only Jb.: יִסְכֹּן 22:2, -וֹן 15:3, יִסְכָּן־ 22:2 + 2 times; Pt. סֹכֵן Is 22:15; f. סֹכֶ֫נֶת 1 K 1:2, 4;— 1. be of use or service, only pt. וּתְהִי לוֹ ס׳ 1 K 1:2 and let her become servitress to him, so v 4 (+ וַתְּשָׁרֲתֵהוּ); סֹכֵן Is 22:15 = servitor, steward. 2. benefit, profit, abs. Jb 15:3; c. לְ pers. 22:2; 35:3, עַל־ pers. 22:2; c. acc. 34:9 (or abs. gain benefit, גבר subj.).

Hiph. Pf. 1 s. הִסְכַּ֫נְתִּי Nu 22:20; 2 ms. הִסְכַּ֑נְתָּה ψ 139:3; Imv. הַסְכֶּן־נָא Jb 22:21; Inf. abs. הַסְכֵּן Nu 22:30;—be used, wont, strictly exhibit use, or habit, הַהַסְכֵּן הִסְכַּנְתִּי לַעֲשׂוֹת לְךָ כֹּה Nu 22:30 (J) have I ever shewn the habit of doing thus to thee? hence shew harmony with (עִם) one Jb 22:21, be familiar with, known intimately (subj. י׳) ψ 139:3 (c. acc. דְּרָכַי).

† מִסְכְּנוֹת n.f.pl. supply, storage (Dl^{Pr 186});—עָרֵי (הַ)מ׳ Ex 1:11 (J), 1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6, 2 Ch 8:4; 17:12; מ׳ ע׳ 16:4 prob. corrupt (Be al.; v. עִיר); מ׳ alone 32:28 7.

II. סָכַן vb. incur danger (late) (NH id. Pi. endanger, Hiph. be endangered, סַכָּנָה. danger, etc.; Aramaic סְכַן id., cf. Levy^{NHWB iii. 526 i.} De^{HL und Koheleth 203; Eng. Trans. 194});—

Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּ֫כֶן בָּם Ec 10:9 he that cleaveth (logs of) wood endangers himself by them.

† III. [סָכַן] vb. (so most) be poor, but v. infr.;—

Pu. Pt. הַמְסֻכָּן תְּרוּמָה Is 40:20 usually, he who is impoverished in respect to offering, but very dub.; v. conject. in Du (against him Di-Kit) Skinner Zim^{ZA ix. 111} Che^Heb.Hpt..—מִסְכֵּן poor, מִסְכֵּנֻת poverty, v. p. 587.

[סִכְסֵךְ] v. sub IV. שׂכך.

† I. [סָכַר] vb. shut up, stop up (Aramaic סְכַר, ܣܟܰܪ shut up, stop up, dam up; Arabic سَكَرَ fill, stop up, dam (river), etc., also close, stop up door, Lane¹³⁹⁰; Assyrian sikệru, dam up, ii. 2. stop ears; cf. sikkuru, bolt Dl^{HWB 499}; appar. kindr. with סגר;—hence Egyptian t’akar, barrier, Bondi⁸⁸);—

Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּכֵר פִּי וגו׳ ψ 63:12 the mouth of liars shall be stopped; 3 mpl. וַיִּסָּֽכְרוּ Gn 8:2 (P) and the springs of the deep etc., were shut up.

Pi. Pf. וְסִכַּרְתִּ֫י אֶת־מִצְרַיִם בְּיַד Is 19:4 and I will shut up (deliver) Egypt into the hand of, etc. (cf. סגר, מגן).

† II. [סָכַר] vb. hire ( = שָׂכַר; ס erroneously for שׂ);—only

Qal Pt. pl. וְסֹכְרִים Ezr 4:5 and hiring against (על) them agents.

† [סָכַת] vb. be silent (Arabic سَكَتَ id., Lane¹³⁸⁹; Sam. ࠎࠊࠕ pay attention, cf. Thes; Arabic = also be quiet (in gen.), = Syriac ܫܟܰܬ, a differentiated √?);—

Hiph. declar. shew silence: Imv. ms. תַסְכֵּת Dt 27:9 keep silence and listen (cf. נִסְכַּת Ecclus 13:23).

סַל v. סלל.

† סִלָּא word in (unintelligible) design. loc., בֵּית מִלֹא הַיֹּרֵד ס׳ 2 K 12:21; Th conj. מְסִלָּה highway, Klo בְּמוֹרַד מִלֹא other conj. in Benz.

† [סָלָא] vb. weigh (Arabic سَلَأَ pay promptly Lane¹³⁹⁸; cf. Sab. סלא consecrate, devote Hom^{ZMG xivi (1892), 531; Sud. Arab. Chrest. 124});—only

Pu. Pt. הַמְסֻלָּאִים בַּפָּ֑ז La 4:2 they who were weighed against gold, reckoned of such value.—Cf. also II. סלה.

† [סָלַד] vb. very dubious, perhaps spring (NH start or spring back, as hand from fire; v. Levy);—

Pi. Impf. 1 s. וַאֲסַלְּדָה Jb 6:10 and I would spring (for joy) in (my) anguish.

† סֶ֫לֶד n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:30^(×2), 𝔊 Σαλαδ, 𝔊L Σαλεδ.

† I. [סָלָה] vb. make light of, toss aside (cf. Assyrian salû, throw off, shake off (yoke) Dl⁵⁰⁰; Arabic سلو, سَلَا is be forgetful, neglectful Lane¹⁴¹⁷ Aramaic סְלָא despise, ܣܠܴܐ reject);—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. סָלִיתָ ψ 119:118 thou dost make light of all those that err from thy statutes.—Cf. also סַלּוֹן infr.

Pi. intens. Pf. 3 ms. סִלָּה La 1:15 Adonay hath flouted at my mighty ones.

† II. [סָלָה] vb. weigh, balance (‖ form of סָלָא q.v.);—

Pu. Impf. 3 fs. לֹא־תְסֻלֶּה בְּכֶתֶם Jb 28:16 it cannot be weighed against (estimated in) gold of Ophir, cf. v 19.

סֶ֫לָה v. סלל.

† סַלּוּ n.pr.m. a priest, Zerub.’s time, according to Ne 12:7 (𝔊L Σαλουια), = סַלַּי v 20 (𝔊L Σαλουαι; om. BA in both).

† סָלוּא n.pr.m. a Simeonite Nu 25:14, 𝔊 Σαλμων, A Σαλω, 𝔊L Σαλωμ.

† סַלּוּא n.pr.m. a post-exil. Benjamite 1 Ch 9:7 (𝔊 Σαλωμ, A Σαλω) = סַלֻּא Ne 11:7 (𝔊 Σηλω, 𝔊L Σαμαα).

† [סַלּוֹן], סִלּוֹן n.m. brier (√ unknown);—סִלּוֹן מַמְאִיר Ez 28:24 a pricking brier (fig. of national distress; ‖ קוֹץ מַכְאִב); pl. סַלּוֹנִים 2:6 (+ סָרָבִים; Co [after Vrss] Berthol [not Toy] read (אותך) סֹרְבִים וְסֹלִים resisting and despising thee; סֹל׳ is then Pt. from I. סלה).

† סַלַּי n.pr.m.

1. Ne 12:20 = סַלּוּ q.v.

2. סַלָּ֑י a Benjamite Ne 11:8, 𝔊 Σηλε(ε)ι.

† [סָלַח] vb. forgive, pardon (𝔗 סְלַח id., NH סְלִיחָה forgiveness);—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. סָלַחְתָּ Ex 34:9 + 9 times, סָלָ֑חְתָּ La 3:42 + 2 times; 1 s. סָלַחְתִּי Nu 14:20 + 2 times; Impf. 3 ms. יִסְלַח 30:6 + 4 times; 1 s. אֶסְלַח Je 31:34 + 3 times + 5:7 Qr (Kt אֶסְלוֹח); Imv. סְלַח Nu 14:19 Am 7:2; סְלָ֑חָה Dn 9:19; Inf. סְלֹחַ Dt 29:19; 2 K 24:4; סְלוֹחַ Is 55:7; Pt. act. סֹלֵחַ ψ 103:3;—forgive, pardon, always of God: abs. Nu 14:20 (J), 1 K 8:30, 39 = 2 Ch 6:21, 30, 2 K 24:4; Is 55:7; Am 7:2; La 3:42; Dn 9:19; c. לְ, of the sin Ex 34:9; Nu 14:19 (both J), Je 31:34; 33:8; 36:3 ψ 25:11; 103:3; 1 K 8:34, 36 = 2 Ch 6:25, 27, 2 Ch 7:14; + לְ, of sinner Dt 29:19; 1 K 8:50 = 2 Ch 6:39, 2 K 5:18^(×2); Je 5:1, 7; 50:20, and in law, Nu 30:6, 9, 13 (P).

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִסְלַח, c. לְ, term. techn. in code of P, it shall be forgiven him לוֹ Lv 4:26, 31, 35; 5:10, 13, 16, 18, 26; 19:22 Nu 15:28; them לָהֶם Lv 4:20 Nu 15:25; לְכָל־עֲדַת וגו׳ v 26.

† סַלָּח adj. ready to forgive, forgiving;—אַתָּה אֲדֹנָי טוֹב וְס׳ ψ 86:5 thou Lord art kind and forgiving.

† סְלִיחָה n.f. forgiveness (late; on format. v. Kö^{ii 1, 197});—ס׳ ψ 130:4; pl. abstr. intens. abundant forgiveness, סְלִיחוֹת Ne 9:17, סְלִחוֹת Dn 9:9.

† סַלְכָה n.pr.loc. city on E. border of Bashan, Dt 3:10; Jos 12:5; 13:11 (all D), 1 Ch 5:11; = Nab. צלחד (Lzb³⁵⁸ Cook¹⁰¹), mod. Ṣalḫad, Ṣarḫad on S. spur of Jebel Hauran, c. 63 m. due E. of Jordan; cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 252} Dr Dt 3:10; 𝔊 Σελχα, Ελχα, etc. (Σ lost often after ἕως).

† I. [סָלַל] vb. lift up, cast up (NH סִלְסֵל esteem highly, סִלְסוּל loftiness, distinction; סוּלָּם ladder; 𝔗 סוּלְּמָא id.; MI²⁶ מסלת highway; Ph. סלמת stair (?) Lzb³²⁹; Assyrian sellu, sillu, perhaps breast-works Dl^{HWB 501}; but سُلَّمٌ ladder (a loan-wd. according to Schwally^{ZMG liii (1899), 197}), cf. סֻלָּם; v. also ṭrry, siege-wall, Egyptian loan-word from סֹלְלָה according to WMM^{As. u. Eur. 101});—

Qal Impf. וַיָּסֹ֫לּוּ Jb 19:12; 30:12 Imv. mpl. סֹ֫לּוּ Is 57:14 + 4 times; sf. סָלּוּהָ Je 50:26 (cf. סֶ֫לָה); Pt. pass. סְלוּלָה Je 18:15; סְלֻלָה Pr 15:19;— 1. cast up a highway: ס׳ מְסִלָּה Is 62:10^(×2), without obj. Is 57:14^(×2), דֶּרֶךְ לֹא סְלוּלָה Je 18:15; fig. of path of upright Pr 15:19. 2. cast up a way: דֶּרֶךְ, c. על against, Jb 19:12 (of besieger, in fig.), ארה Jb 30:12 (of besetting foe); Bab. as a heap of garbage Je 50:26. 3. lift up (a song) ψ 68:5, c. לְ pers. (‖ שׁיר, זמּר; most as 1).

Pilp. Imv. sf. סַלְסְלֶהָ Pr 4:8 exalt her (i.e. Wisdom), i.e. (cf. Toy) esteem highly, prize. Hithpôʿ. Pt. מִסְתּוֹלֵל Ex 9:17 (J) exalt oneself, c. בְּ against (denom. from סֹלְלָה according to Gerber ⁵²); cf. Ecclus 39:24; 40:28.

† סֶ֫לָה vb. lift up (voices in ברוך לעולם), or exalt (לעולם י׳) (Imv. of סָלַל (cf. Pr 4:8 ψ 68:5; הִגָּיוֹן סלה 9:17, v. הִגּ׳), properly סֹ֫לָּה, סֶ֫לָה poss. Qr = נֶצַח, Hexapla σελ; but cf. הֶ֫רָה Ew⁵⁵⁴ Kö^{ii 1, 539}; 𝔊 Sym Theod διάψαλμα, expl. Suidas μέλους ἐναλλαγή; Theodoret Hippolytus μέλους μεταβολή (cf. Hexapla Hb 3:3 μεταβολὴ διαψάλματος; Syriac Hexapla Aq. עוניתא in 5 ψ ψ, Field in ψ 38:12); 𝔊 adds διάψαλμα, e.g. 2:2; 34:11; 94:15, after final editing of Heb. Psalter; so Psalms of Solomon 17:21; 18:10 on same principles as in MT; used therefore with full knowledge that it indicated some kind of interruption or change in the regular rendering. סלה is used in שמונה עשרה after Benedictions 3, 18, and after other early Jewish prayers, shewing knowledge, c. 100 a.d.; Aq gives ἀεί (Theod. also ψ 9:17); Sexta διαπαντός (except 20:4 εἰς τέλος); Quinta εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας; Jer. semper, 𝔗 usually לעלמא, לעלמין; but 39:6 לחיי עלמא, 44:9 לעלמי עלמין, 48:9 עד עלמי עלמין, 49:14 לעלמא דאתי; uniform tradition best expl. by closing contents of the Benedictions, מהעולם ועד העולם. So Jer. classes sela with amen and salom; and Jacob of Edessa in Bar Hebr 10:1 cp. Christian Amen of the people after Gloria);—this interpr. agrees with usage: 71 times in 39 ψψ, 3 times Hb 3 (taken from Minor Psalter למנצח, v. נצח); it occurs at end of 3:9; 24:10; 46:12 (om. 𝔊), 9:21 (𝔊 combines 9 and 10); elsewhere at close of strophe, 3:3, 5; 4:3, 5; 7:6; 9:17; 24:6; 32:4, 5, 7; 39:6, 12; 46:4, 8; 47:5; 48:9; 49:13 (so read MT v 14 by error) v 16; 50:6; 52:5, 7; 54:5; 59:6, 14; 61:5; 62:5, 9; 66:4, 7, 15; 67:5; 68:20; 76:4, 10; 77:4, 10, 16; 81:8; 82:2; 83:9; 84:5, 9; 88:8, 11; 89:38, 46; 140:4, 6, 9; 143:6; or where citations have been made, 44:9; 55:8; 57:7; 60:6; 67:2; 68:8, 33; 89:5; Hb 3:3, 9; or where extracts might be made for liturgical purposes, 20:4; 21:3; 55:20; 75:4; 85:3; 87:3, 6; 89:49; so 57:3 (𝔊 for MT v 4) Hb 3:13.—Of ψψ c. סֶלָה, 23 used in Elohistic Psalter, 28 in Director’s Psalter, 39 in final editing of Psalter. These editors found it in earlier Psalters. Davidic Psalter uses 20 of them, so few in proportion that it is not characteristic of this Psalter; but Korahite 9 (out of 12), and Asaph 7 + 80:8 [𝔊] (prob. 8 out of 12); appar. it came into use in time of these editors. In Director’s Psalter musical terms are added to 19 of the 28 it uses (and only to ten others, of which some could hardly use סלה); ψψ with סלה all (except 61, 81) name the kind of ψ in title: 3 מִכְתָּם, 7 מַשְׂכִּיל, 10 שִׁיר, 26 (27) others מִזְמוֹר, Hb 3 תְּפִלָּה; ס׳ is especially frequent with שִׁיר and מַשְׂכִּיל, terms associated with musical rendering. It prob. came into use in late Persian period in connexion with ψψ used with musical accompaniment in public worship, to indicate place of benedictions. It was not added by later editors to other psalms; but was revived in first century b.c., and continued in use for some time (v. Jacob^{ZAW xvi (1896), 129 f.} Br^{JBL 1899} EG Briggs^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. Oct. 1899, 1 ff.}).

† סֹלְלָה n.f. mound;—ס׳ 2 S 20:15 + 7 times; סוֹלְלָה Dn 11:15; pl. סֹלְלוֹת Je 32:24; 33:4.—שָׁפַךְ ס׳ עַל־הָעִיר cast up mound against the city, besieging it, 2 K 19:32 = Is 37:33, Je 6:6; Ez 4:2; 26:8; c. אֶל 2 S 20:15 (error for על); without על העיר Ez 17:17; 21:27; Dn 11:15; without vb. Je 32:24; 33:4.

† סֻלָּם n.m. ladder;—Gn 28:12 (E).

† מְסִלָּה n.f. highway;—מ׳ Is 11:16 + 12 times; cstr. מְסִלַּת Is 7:3 + 3 times; sf. מְסִלָּתוֹ Jo 2:8; pl. מְסִלּוֹת Is 33:8 + 5 times; sf. מְסִלֹּתַי Is 49:11; מְסִלּוֹתָם Ju 5:20; Is 59:7;—raised way, highway, public road (never of street in city) Nu 20:19; Ju 20:31, 32, 45; 21:19; 1 S 6:12; 2 S 20:12^(×2), 13; 2 K 18:17 = Is 36:2, 1 Ch 26:16, 18; Is 7:3; 11:16; 19:23; 33:8; 49:11; 59:7; Je 31:21; ישּׁר מ׳ Is 40:3; סלל מ׳ Is 62:10; in a fig. sense, of the courses of the stars Ju 5:20; the march of locusts Jo 2:8; the conduct of the upright Pr 16:17; of the ascents to Zion in the mind of the pious ψ 84:6 (𝔊: Bae reads מַעֲלוֹת).—In 2 Ch 9:11 מסלות is error for מִסְעָד(ות) of ‖ 1 K 10:12.

† מַסְלוּל n.m. highway;—Is 35:8 (foll. ודרך corrupt; 𝔊 ὁδὸς καθαρά).

II. סלל (√ of foll.; cf. NH סִלְסֵל plait, curl hair; NH סַל, 𝔗 סַלָּא, Talm. סִילְתָּא, Syriac ܣܰܠܴܐ, Chr Pal Aramaic ܣܠܐ all = basket; Arabic سَلٌّ, سَلَّةٌ loan-wd. Frä^{75 f.}; cf. sull, a round wicker-basket used by women in Palestine for carrying fruit on their heads to market, Baldensperger^{PEF 1904, 135}. Schwally^{Idiot. 63}).

† סַל n.m. Gn 40:16 basket;—ס׳ abs. Gn 40:17 +; cstr. Ex 29:23 +; pl. סַלִּים Gn 40:18; cstr. סַלֵּי v 16;—basket Gn 40:16, 17^(×2), 18 (E), Ju 6:19; Ex 29:3^(×2), 23, 32 Lv 8:2, 26, 31; Nu 6:15, 17, 19.

† [סַלְסִלָּה] n.[f.] basket according to 𝔊𝔙 AV RV; but prob. shoot, branch Ew Hi Gf Gie al.; only pl. abs. כְּבוֹצֵר (read prob. יָד) הָשֵׁב יָֽדְךָ עַל־סַלְסִלּוֹת Je 6:9.

סלע (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَلَعَ cleave, split, سِلْعٌ cleft, fissure, Lane¹⁴⁰⁶, hence סֶלַע split, jagged cliff, crag, often isolated (split off) rock (cf. Wetzst^{De Is 3:696-707">Is 3:696–707; and especially ZAW iii (1883), 273}); then of smaller fragments, NH סֶלַע rock, stone, also scale (of serpent), weight (in trade); Aramaic סִלְעָא specif. weight for coin; Nab. סלע, a coin Lzb³²⁹ Cook⁸⁵).

I. סֶ֫לַע₆₁ n.m. ^{Ju 6:20} crag, cliff, synon. צוּר;—abs. ס׳ Ju 6:20 +, סָ֑לַע Nu 20:10 +; cstr. סֶ֫לַע 1 S 23:23; sf. סַלְעִי 2 S 22:2 +, סַלְעוֹ Is 31:9; pl. סְלָעִים Is 2:21 +;—

1. lit. cliff, crag Ju 6:20; Is 2:21; 7:19 Am 6:12 Nu 20:8^(×2), 10^(×2), 11 (cf. Ne 9:15 ψ 78:16, and contr. the צוּר of Ex 17:6), Nu 24:21; Dt 32:13 (not elsewhere Hex) Je 13:4, + 9 times; שֵׁן הַסּ׳ 1 S 14:4^(×2) tooth of the crag, i.e. sharp crag, so Jb 39:28; excav. in cliff as place of burial Is 22:16; abode of wild animals, יַעֲלֵי־ס׳ v 1, cf. ψ 104:18; Pr 30:26, of birds Jb 39:28 Ct 2:14 (in fig.), cf. Je 48:28, so of Edom Ob 3 = Je 49:16; cf. (Nu 24:21 supr. and) Is 42:11; particular cliffs are: ס׳ עֵיטָם Ju 15:8, 11 cf. v 13, ס׳ (הָ)רִמּוֹן 20:45, 47^(×2); 21:13 ס׳ הַמַּחְלְקוֹת 1 S 23:28 cf. v 25; v. also ii. סֶלַע.

†2. fig., especially סַלְעִי of י׳ (only ψψ), ψ 18:3 = 2 S 22:2, ψ 31:4; 42:10; 71:3; of Assyrian god Is 31:9 (prob.; cf. צוּר Dt 32:31, 37); צֵל ס׳ כָּבֵד Is 32:2 (sim. of protecting care); fig. of security ψ 40:3 (feet on cliff), מְצָדוֹת סְלָעִים מִשְׂגַּבּוֹ Is 33:16; symb. of obstinacy חִזְּקוּ פְנֵיהֶם מִסּ׳ Je 5:3; צְחִיחַ ס׳ (bare cliff, lit. glare of [the] cliff), in fig. of openness, flagrancy Ez 24:7, 8, of razed city 26:4, 14 (only here Ez); in fig. of fall of Bab. Je 51:25.

† II. סֶ֫לַע n.pr.loc. in Edom, מֵהַסּ׳ Ju 1:36 (del. מֵ, cf. GFM); הַסּ׳ captured in war 2 K 14:7 (and called יָקְתְאֵל); מִסּ׳ Is 16:1; site dub.; old identif. with Petra denied, plausibly, by Buhl^Edom GFM Ju 1:36 (who thinks of an actual cliff), but held Benz 2 K 14:7 Bd^{Pal (1898), 206}; 𝔊 (ἡ) πέτρα.

† סָלְעָם n.m. an edible, winged, locust (NH id.; swallower, consumer, cf. 𝔗 סַלְעֵם swallow up, destroy; Arabic سَلْغَفَ vb. swallow, Kö^{ii.1, 404});—Lv 11:22 (+ אַרְבֶּה, חַרְגֹּל, חָגָב).

† [סָלַף] vb. twist, pervert, overturn (𝔗 סְלַף twist (rare); Arabic سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, come to naught Lane ^{1407 f.});—

Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְסַלֵּף Jb 12:19 + 2 times, וַיְסַלֵּף Pr 22:12; 3 fs. תְּסַלֵּף Pr 13:6; 19:3; Pt. מְסַלֵּף Pr 21:12;— 1. pervert, Ex 23:8 (E) a bribe perverteth the case (cause, דִּבְרֵי) of righteous, = Dt 16:19. 2. subvert, turn upside down, ruin (only WisdLt): c. acc. pers. Jb 12:19; Pr 13:6 (opp. תִּצֹּר), 21:12; אִוֶּלֶת אָדָם תּ׳ דַּרְכּוֹ 19:3 a man’s folly subverteth his way; וַיְסַלֵּף דִּבְרֵי בֹגֵד 22:12 and he (י׳) subverteth the affairs of a treacherous man.

† סֶ֫לֶף n.m. ^{Pr 11:3} Qr crookedness, crooked dealing:—ס׳ abs. Pr 15:4 (of tongue); cstr. ס׳ בֹּגְדִים 11:3.

† [סָלֵק] vb. ascend (loan-word from Aramaic סְלֵיק, ܣܠܶܩ; Palm. סלק id., Lzb ³²⁹ Cook ⁸⁵; NH סלק Pi. remove; Arabic سَلَقَ ascend, Lane ¹⁴¹⁰ (also loan-word?));—only

Qal Impf. 1 s. אֶסַּק ψ 139:8 if I ascend to heaven (שָׁמַיִם), thou art there (on form, = *אֶסְלַק, v. Ges^{§ 66 e} Kö^{i. 301} Kau^{§ 44}).

סֹ֫לֶת₅₃ n.f. Lv 2:5 (cf. on gender Albrecht^{ZAW xvi (1896), 106}) fine flour (𝔊 σεμίδαλις, 𝔙 simila) (NH id.; Aramaic סוּלְתָּא; Arabic سُلْتٌ a kind of barley without husks Lane ¹⁴⁰¹; Assyrian sillatu, or šillatu, a kind of grain (?) Meissner-Rost^{BAS iii. 361}; also ṯulṯȧ, ṯuruti̥, flour, as loan-word in Egyptian, Bondi⁸⁴ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 101});—abs. ס׳ Gn 18:6 +, cstr. ס׳ Ex 29:2 +; sf. סָלְתָּהּ Lv 2:2;—fine flour, used in king’s household 1 K 5:2 (‖ קֶמַח), for honoured guests קֶמַח ס׳ Gn 18:6 (J), a s^e’āh of it sold for a shekel in time of scarcity 2 K 7:1, 16, 18 (v. Benz); luxurious food Ez 16:13, 19 (of Jerus. under fig. of woman); elsewhere only in offerings Ez 46:14; 1 Ch 9:29; 23:29, and P; ס׳ חִטִּים Ex 29:2, ס׳ v 40, Lv 2:1 + 13 times Lv., Nu 6:15 + 26 times Nu.

סַם v. סמם.

† סַמְגַּר נְבוֹ n.pr.m. an officer of Nebuchad. according to MT Je 39:3 = (assumed) Šumgir Nabu (Schr^COT), but prob. textual error; Gie (plausibly) takes סמגר as crpt. dittogr. of רב מג, and joins נבו to foll., נבושׂרסכים = נְבוּשַׁזְבַּן, cf. v 13 and 𝔊 Σαμαγωθ (Σαμαγαδ, Σαμαγαρ, etc.) καὶ Ναβουσαχαρ.

† [סְמָדֵר ?] , also סְמָדַ֔ר֖, סְמָדַ֑ר n.m. ^{Ct 7:13} blossom of grape (just at flowering Duval^{REJ xiv (1887), 277–81} NH id.; Aramaic סמדד, ܣܡܳܕܪܳܐ, Mand. סימאדרא Nö^{M. 128});—always abs. ס׳, only Ct: הַגְּפָנִים סְמָדַר֖ 2:13 the vines are (all) blossom; כְּרָמִים סְמָדַ֑ר v 15 (on bold predicate cf. Ges^{§ 141 d}); פִּתַּח הַסְּמָדַר 7:13 the blossom has opened (its buds).

סָמַךְ₄₈ vb. lean, lay, rest, support (NH id.; Ph. in n.pr. Lzb ^{317, 329}; Aramaic סְמַךְ, ܣܡܰܟ; also Ethiopic ((ሰመከ) አስመከ) cause to lean upon, etc. Di ³³⁵; Arabic سَمَكَ is be high, ascend, raise, uplift, سَمْكٌ roof);—

Qal₄₁ Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Dt 34:9; Ez 24:2, וְסָמַךְ consec. Am 5:19 +; 3 fs. סָֽמְכָה ψ 88:8, sf. סְמָכָ֑תְהוֹ Is 59:16, סְמָכָ֑תְנִי 63:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסְמֹךְ Lv 8:14; Nu 27:23, sf. יִסְמְכֵ֫נִי ψ 3:6, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. סָמְכֵנִי ψ 119:116; Pt. act. סוֹמֵךְ Is 63:5 + 3 times; pl. cstr. סֹמְכֵי Ez 30:6 ψ 54:6; pass. סָמוּךְ Is 26:3 ψ 112:8; pl. סְמוּכִים 111:8;— 1. a. lean or lay hand upon (עַל־): Am 5:19; elsewhere in sacred rite: on head of sacrif. victim, as those who share in sacrif., Ex 29:10, 15, 19; Lv 1:4 + 12 times Lv, Nu 8:12 (all P), 2 Ch 29:23; so of Levites, presented to י׳ Nu 8:10 (P); on head of blasphemer Lv 24:14 (P; as witnesses of his guilt); on head of Joshua in consecration (Moses subj.) Nu 27:18, 23; Dt 34:9 (all P). b. intrans. ψ 88:8 thy wrath hath rested upon me (עָלַי); also סָמַךְ מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל אֶל־ Ez 24:2 hath leaned against, rested his weight upon, Jerusalem, i.e. invested (Toy), begun the siege of it. †2. support, uphold, sustain, only fig.: c. 2 acc. Gn 27:37 (J) with corn and must have I sustained him, provided sustenance for him, cf. (of י׳) ψ 51:14; uphold Egypt Ez 30:6; abs. Is 63:5; especially of י׳ upholding, sustaining Is 59:16; 63:5 ψ 3:6; 37:17, 24; 54:6 (on בְּ essentiae v. Ges^{§ 119 i}, בְּ supr. 7 a), 119:116; 145:14; so pt. pass. ψ 111:8 they are sustained, i.e. maintained (י׳’s commands), סָמוּךְ לִבּוֹ 112:8 his heart is sustained, firm, and so יֵצֶר ס׳ Is 26:3.

†Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִסְמַ֫כְתִּי ψ 71:6; 3 pl. נִסְמָ֑כוּ Is 48:2; Impf. יִסָּמֵךְ 2 K 18:21 Is 36:6, וַיִּסָּמֵךְ Ju 16:29; 3 mpl. וַיִּסָּֽמְכוּ 2 Ch 32:8;—reflex. support, or brace oneself, also c. עַל־: Ju 16:29 and he braced himself against (upon) them (the pillars): 2 K 18:21 (if) a man support himself on it (Egypt as a cracked reed) = Is 36:6; on cheering words 2 Ch 32:8; on God Is 48:2 ψ 71:6.

†Pi. Imv. mpl. sf. + בְּ instr.: סַמְּכוּנִי Ct 2:5 sustain (refresh, revive) me with raisin-cakes.

† סְמַכְיָהוּ n.pr.m. (cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 294, No. 89}; = י׳ hath sustained);—Korahite name 1 Ch 26:7; 𝔊 Σαβχεια, A 𝔊L Σαμαχια(ς).

† יִסְמַכְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (י׳ sustaineth, but perhaps read סמ׳ as foreg. Gray^{Prop. N. 291, No. 60});—Levite name 2 Ch 31:13; 𝔊 Σαμαχ(ε)ια.

† סֶ֫מֶל n.m. Ez 8, 5 perhaps orig. n.pr.div., then gen. image, statue (Ph. סמל id., f. סמלת, Lzb ^{151, 329}, also פנסמלת Id ³²⁹; Bau^{Rel. i. 88} understands ס׳ to be design. of foreign god);—abs. הַסּ׳ 2 Ch 33:7, 15, סָ֑מֶל Dt 4:16; cstr. סֵ֫מֶל Ez 8:3, 5;—image, figure of anything, פֶּסֶלּ תְּמוּנַת כָּל־ס׳ Dt 4:16; idol-image פֶּסֶל הַסּ׳ 2 Ch 33:7 and (פֶּסֶל om.) v 15; סֵמֶל הַקִּנְאָת Ez 8:3 the statue of jealousy, i.e. that rouses י׳’s jealousy, = v 5.

סמם (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; if akin to Arabic شَمَّ smell Lane ¹⁵⁹³, مَشْمُومٌ any fragrant plant Id ¹⁵⁹⁴, then ס must be for שׂ; in that case ס׳ perhaps loan-word in Heb.; NH id.; spice, drug (Ecclus שׂ׳ 38:4 m.); Aramaic סַמָּא id., ܣܰܡܳܐ drug, pigment; Arabic سَمٌّ poison is appar. loan-word Frä²⁶²).

[סַם₁₆] n.m. spice, used in incense;—only pl. abs. סַמִּים, and only P Ch; Ex 30:34^(×2) elsewhere קְטֹרֶת (הַ)סַּמִּים incense of spices 25:6 + 8 times Ex, Lv 4:7; 16:12; Nu 4:16; 2 Ch 2:3; 13:11.

† סמן vb. whence

Niph. Pt. נִסְמָן Is 28:25 (si vera l.) barley in an appointed place, or a determined portion (cf. Ges Hi De al.), but נ׳ lacking in 𝔊 and plausibly taken as dittogr. for כֻּסֶּמֶת by We^{Prol. 417; Gesch. Isr. i. 409} Che^{Comm. and Hpt.} Du; cf. Brd Gu^Kau.

† סָמַר vb. bristle up (Lag^{BN 106} cp. Arabic شَمَرَ contract; in that case ס׳ for שׂ׳);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ מִפַּחְדְּךָ בְשָׂרִי ψ 119:120 from fear of thee did my flesh bristle up, ‘creep.’

Pi. Impf. תְּסַמֵּר שַׂעֲרַת בְּשָׂרִי Jb 4:15.

† סָמָר adj. bristling, rough;—יֶלֶק ס׳ Je 51:27 bristling locust, perhaps with allusion to horn-like sheaths enclosing wings of the pupa, v. Dr Joel and Amos, 58 (on format. cf. Lag^{BN 50}.)

† [מַסְמֵר] n.m. Ec 12:11 nail (connexion with above √ dub.; 𝔗 מַסְמְרָא, Chr.Pal.Aramaic ܡܣܡܖ̈ܝܐ Schwally ^63.122; NH vb. סמר nail on or up; Arabic مِسْمَارٌ is perhaps loan-word Frä ⁸⁹);—pl. abs. מַסְמְרִים Is 41:7, מִסְמְרִים 1 Ch 22:3 (of iron; on—ִ v. Ges^{§ 85 f.}); also מַסְמְרוֹת Je 10:4 (+ מַקָּבוֹת), מַשְׂמְרוֹת נְטוּעִים, Ec 12:11 (sim.; + דָּרְבֹנוֹת), and מִסְמְרוֹת 2 Ch 3:9 (of gold).

† סְנָאָה appar. n.pr.m. בְּנֵי ס׳ Ezr 2:35 = Ne 7:38, בְּנֵי הַסּ׳ Ne 3:3; 𝔊 Σαανα, Σανανα(τ), etc., 𝔊L Σενναα; Mey^{Judenth. 150, 154} reads סְנֻאָה (ס׳ for שׂ׳, cf. סְנוּאָה) = sons of the hated (rejected) woman, i.e. the poorer classes of Jeruslem.

† סַנְבַּלַּט (so Baer; van d. H. Ginsb סַנְבַלַּט) n.pr.m. leader of Samaritan opponents of Nehemiah: Ne 2:10, 19; 3:33; 4:1; 6:1, 2, 5, 12, 14; 13:28; (Bab., = Sin-uballiṭ, Sin gave life Schr^COT Ne 2:10).

† סְנֶה n.m. ^{Ex 3:2} a thorny bush, perhaps black-berry bush (cf. Löw^{No. 219}; rubus fruticosus Linn.; Aramaic סַנְיָא, ܣܰܢܝܳܐ thorn-bush, Assyrian sinû, Meissner ^{ZA vi. 293} blackberry bush (M. thinks Aramaic ס׳ loan-word from this); Arabic سَنًا senna, Lane ¹⁴⁴⁹);—abs. ס׳ Ex 3:2^(×2), 4, סְנֶ֑ה v 2, 3 (all E) Dt 33:16 (akin to E).

† סֶ֑נֶּה n.pr.rup. (= thorny, cf. GASm^{Geogr. 250 n.} HPS ^{ad loc.});—a cliff opp. the cliff called בּוֹצֵץ, 1 S 14:4 (Ginsb as here; Baer סֵ֑נֶּה, van d. H. סֶ֑נֶה); 𝔊 Σεννααρ.

† סְנוּאָה n.pr.m. (but v. סְנָאָה);—בֶּן־הַסּ׳ Ne 11:9 (𝔊 Ασανα, 𝔊L Ασεννα), בֶּן־הַסְּנֻאָה 1 Ch 9:7 (𝔊 Αανα, A Ασανουα, 𝔊L Σαανα).

† סַנְוֵרִים n.[m.] pl. intens. vel abstr. (Sta^{§ 324 b}) sudden blindness (etym. dub.; der. from נוּרִ highly improb., whether antiphr. Wetzst ^{De ψψ 4, 886} Kö^{ii. 1, 404}, or from dazzling, cf. ‘flimmern’ Hoffm^{ZAW ii (1882), 68}; but also view of Hal^{RÉJ xi. 66} deriv. from √ סנר cover with a skin, i.e. produce film over, lacks demonstration; at present we must be content with assuming quadrilit. √, Thes Sta^{§ 243});—הִכּוּ בַּסּ׳ Gn 19:11 (J) they smote the men with sudden blindness, cf. 2 K 6:18^(×2) (all cases miraculous, and in K temporary).

† סַנְחֵרִיב n.pr.m. Sennacherib (= Sinaḫê-irba, Sin multiplied brothers, Schr^COT 2 K 18:13);—son of Sargon and father of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (b. c. 705–681; cf. Tiele^{Gesch. 285 ff.}); 2 K 18:13; 19:16, 20, 36 = Is 36:1; 37:17, 21, 37; 2 Ch 32:1, 2, 9, 10, 22 (all as above, except סַנְחֵרִב 2 K 19:20); 𝔊 Σενναχηρειμ, 𝔊L Σενναχειρειμ; Σεναχήριβος Jos^{Ant. x. 1 ff.}; Σαναχάρβον (acc.) Herodot.^{ii. 141}.

סַנָּה v. קִרְיַת־סַנָּה.

סַנְסַנָּה n.pr.loc. in S. Judah;—Jos 15:31, 𝔊 Σεθεννακ, A Σανσαννα, 𝔊L Σεενακ; prob. = חֲצַר סוּסָה 19:5, חֲצַר־סוּסִים 1 Ch 4:31; conj. on loc. (near Gaza), v. in Di^{ad loc.} Buhl^{Geogr. 163} and reff. (Simsum, NE. of Gaza, cp. by J. Schwarz ^{Das heilig. Land (1852), 72} van d. Velde^{Mem, 346}, is too far north).

† [סַנְסִנִּים] n.[m.]pl. fruit-stalk of date (Löw ^{p. 119}) (Aramaic loan-word from ܣܺܝܣܢܳܐ PS²⁶¹⁷ racemus dactylorum, cf. Assyrian sissinnu, part of the date-palm Dl ⁵⁰⁷);—sf. אֹחֲזָה בְּסַנְסִנָּ֑יו Ct 7:9.

† סְנַפִּיר n.[m.] fin (NH id.; quadrilit. according to Sta^{§ 243}; Fl Levy^{NHWB iii. 725 a} cp. Aramaic סִמְפּוֹרִין points, nails, and der. this from סַמֵּר vb. nail, with infixed פ (Levy^{ChWBii. 570 b}));—Lv 11:9, 10, 12 = Dt 14:9, 10.

† סָ֑ס n.m. moth (𝔗 סָסָא, Syriac ܣܳܣܳܐ; Assyrian sâsu, Dl^{HWB 506}; Arabic سُوسٌ, سُوسَةٌ; Ethiopic ፃፄ Thes Lag^{Armen. Stud. § 2262} cp. Armen. zez = Gk. σής, wh. is der. from סָס by Bo^{Hieroz. iii. 514} Lewy^{Fremdw. 16 f.});—וְכַצֶּמֶר יֹאכְלֵס סָ֑ס Is 51:8.

† סִֽסְמַי n. pr.m. name in Judah (on Ph. n.pr. div. ססם(י) v. Lzb ³³⁰ Ren in CIS ^{i. No. 95, 3, al.} Bae^{Rel. 64 f.} Kit ^{1 Ch 2; 40});—ס׳ 1 Ch 2:40 b, סִֽסְמָ֑י v 40 a; 𝔊 Σοσομαι, 𝔊L Σασαμει.

† סָעַד vb. support, sustain, stay (NH id., especially take a meal; Aramaic סְעַד support, stay; Zinj. סעד strengthen Lzb ³³⁰, support, perhaps feed Cook⁸⁵; ChrPalAramaic n. ܣܥܕܘܢܐ aid, Schwally^{Idiot. 64}; Arabic سَعِدَ, سُعِدَ iii, iv. aid, assist, Lane ¹³⁶⁰, سَاعِدٌ forearm Id ¹³⁶²; Sab. סעד DHM ^{Südar. Alt. p. 16});—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְסָעַד consec. Pr 20:28; Impf. 3 ms. יִסְעָ֑ד 3 fs. sf. תִּסְעָדֵ֫נִי ψ 18:36, read also in ‖ 2 S 22:36, etc.; Imv. ms. סְעָד Ju 19:5 (on—ָ prob. ŏ, by error, v. Kö^{i 261 f.} GFM^{ad loc.}), סְעָד־נָא v 8 (cf. id.), וּסֳעָ֑דָה 1 K 13:7; sf. סְעָדֵנִי ψ 119:117; Inf. cstr. sf. וּלְסַעֲדָהּ Is 9:6;—support, sustain, always fig.: 1. sustain, stay, the heart (cf. לֵבָב 8, לֵב 8), with food Gn 18:5 (J), Ju 19:5 (c. 2 acc.), v 8, ψ 104:15; obj. om. 1 K 13:7. 2. a. support throne (subj. kg.) Pr 20:28, coming ruler Is 9:6. b. support, uphold c. acc. pers. (subj. י׳, his hand etc.) ψ 18:36 + ‖ 2 S 22:36 (v supr.), ψ 20:3; 41:4; 94:18; 119:117.

† מִסְעָד n.[m.] support;—abs. מ׳ 1 K 10:12; precise meaning unintelligible.

† [סָעָה] vb. (dub.) rush, of storm-wind (cf. Arabic سَعَى (and سعو), go quickly, run, be energetic; Syriac ܣܥܳܐ make an attack upon);—

Qal Pt. fs. מֵרוּחַ סֹעָה ψ 55:9 from rushing wind (and) from tempest סָ֑עַר); Hup (not Now) Gr Dy סוּפָה or סְעָרָה.

סעף (√ of foll.; appar. = cleave, divide; cf. perhaps Arabic سَعَفَ of hand, become cracked around nails etc., Lane ¹³⁶⁴, سَعَفٌ palm-branches with leaves on them, Id ¹³⁶⁵; BA^{ES 56} GFM ^{Ju 15; 8} cf. شُعْبَةٌ cleft, (forked) branch, cf. Buhl ^{Lex 13}.)

† [סָעִיף] n.[m.] 1. cleft. 2. branch;—

1. cleft of a crag, cstr. סְעִיף סֶלַע Ju 15:8, 11; pl. cstr. וּבִסְעִפֵֿי הַסְּלָעִים Is 2:21; סְעִיפֵי הַסּ׳ 57:5.

2. branches, boughs, pl. cstr. סְעִפֵֿי הַפֹּרִיָּה Is 17:6 (so divide, Hi Kn Di Dr^{Sm xxx} Du al.) the boughs of the fruit-tree; sf. סְעִיפֶיהָ 27:10 (of ruined city; cf. קְצִירָהּ v 11).

† [סְעַפָּה] n.f. bough, branch;—pl. sf. סְעַפֹּתָיו Ez 31:6, 8 (of king under fig. of cedar).

† I. [סֵעֵף] vb.Pi.denom. lop off boughs;—Pt. מְסָעֵף פֻּארָה Is 10:33 י׳ … shall lop off (the) crown of branches.

† סַרְעַפָּה n.f. bough (with infixed ר, cf. Ges^{§ 85 w}, as transition-cons. Kö^{ii. 1, 472}; cf. Biblical Aramaic; Kau^{§ 62} F. Selle ^{De Aramaismis Lib. Ezech. 17}); *—pl. sf. סַרְעַפֹּתֶיּו Ez 31:5 (of Pharaoh under fig. of tree, cf. Co Berthol Toy).

† II. [סֵעֵף] (Kö^ii.106) adj. divided, half-hearted;—pl. abs. as subst., in religious sense, סֵעֲפִים שָׂנֵאתִי ψ Ps 119:113 half-hearted ones do I hate.

† [סְעִפָּה] n.f. division, divided opinion;—pl. abs. עַל־שְׁתֵּי הַסְּעִפִּים 1 K 18:21 how long are ye limping on the two divided opinions (as on unequal legs; 𝔊 ταῖς ἰγνύαις seems an attempt to interpret the fig.; according to Albrecht ^{ZAW xvi (1896) 75} ס׳ really = legs).

† [סָעַר] vb. storm, rage (Ecclus. סער Hiph. 47:17 move tempestuously; סְעָרָה storm-wind 43:17; 48:9; NH Pi. stir up, blow, סְעָרָה storm-wind; = II. שָׂעַר, but relation obscure; Assyrian šâru, wind, favours originality of שׂ׳, but this only late in Heb., and for ס׳ Frä ¹⁸⁹ cp. Arabic سَعَرَ kindle fire, excite, inflame, be vehemently hungry and thirsty, be mad, insane, etc. Lane ¹³⁶³);—

Qal Impf. 3 mpl. fig., יִסְעֲרוּ Hb 3:14 they [my foes] storm along to scatter me; Pt. act. סֹעֵר Jon 1:11 the sea was growing more and more stormy, so v 13 (+ עֲלֵיהֶם); f. סֹעֲרָה Is 54:11 storm-tossed (fig. of Jerusalem).

Niph. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסָּעֵר 2 K 6:11 and the heart of the king … was enraged because of (עַל־) this thing.

Pi. Impf. 1 s. sf. וְאֵסָֽעֲרֵם עַל־ Zc 7:14 (on form v. Ges^{§§ 23 h, 52 n}) and storm them away (hurl them by a storm-wind) upon the nations.

Po. Impf. 3 ms. כְּמֹץ יְסֹעֵר Ho 13:3 shall be like chaff (which) is storm-driven from a threshing-floor.

† סַ֫עַר n.m. ^{Je 23:19} tempest;—abs. ס׳ Am 1:14 + 5 times; סָ֑עַר ψ 55:9; pl. sf. סַעֲרֶיךָ 83:16;—tempest, especially fig.: of passionate acts of men, מֵרוּחַ סֹעָה מִסָּ֑עַר ψ 55:9 (מִסּ׳ here awkward, without ו); of י׳’s wrath Je 23:19 (ס׳ מִתְחוֹלֵל), cf. 25:32; 30:23; tempest as instr. of י׳’s wrath, ψ 83:16 (‖ סוּפָה); v. also בְּסַעַר בְּיוֹם סוּפָה Am 1:14 and Jon 1:4, 12.

† סְעָרָה n.f. tempest, storm-wind;—abs. סְעָרָה Is 29:6 + (so also 2 K 2:1, 11 Ginsb; Baer בַּסֳּעָרָה); cstr. סַעֲרַת Je 23:19; 30:23; pl. סְעָרוֹת Ez 13:11, 13; cstr. סַעֲרוֹת Zc 9:14;—4, as instr. of י׳’s wrath, Is 29:6 (+ סוּפָה), cf.40:24; 41:16, also רוּחַ סְעָרוֹת Ez 13:11, 13 (against nation under fig. of wall); storm-wind of Elijah’s translation 2 K 2:1, 11; of theophany Ez 1:4 (רִוּחַ סְעָרָה), Jb 38:1; 40:6, and סַעֲרוֹת תֵּימָן Zc 9:14; סַעֲרַת י׳ as fig. of י׳’s wrath Je 23:19; 30:23; of ordinary tempests only in late ψψ: רוּחַ סְעָרָה 107:25; 148:8, ס׳ opp. דְּמָמָה 107:29.

I, II, III. סַף v. ספף.

ספא (√ of foll.; cf. NH סָפָא, ספי give to eat, 𝔗 סְפִי id.; perhaps Palm. ספא feed, nourish, Lzb³³⁰ Cook⁸⁵).

† מִסְפּוֹא n.m. Gn 24:25 fodder;—always abs. מ׳, Gn 24:25, elsewhere obj. of נָתַן v 32; 43:24 (all J) 42:27 (E) Ju 19:19.

† [סָפַד] vb. wail, lament (NH id.; 𝔗 סְפַד, ChrPal Aramaic ܣܦܕ id., Schwally^{Idiot. 64}; Assyrian [sapâdu], sipdu, sipittu, mourning Dl^{HWB 507}; cf. Amhar. ሰደፌ dirge Prä^{ZMGxxxv(1881), 762});—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְסָֽפְדָה consec. Zc 12:12, 3 pl. וְסָֽפְדוּ consec. 1 K 14:13 Zc 12:10; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּסְפֹּד 2 S 11:26, 2 ms. תִּסְפֹּד Ez 24:16, 1 s. cohort. אֶסְפְּדָה Mi 1:8, 3 mpl. יִסְפְּדוּ Je 6:16 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. סִפְדוּ 2 S 3:31 + 2 times; fpl. סְפֹּ֫דְנָה Je 49:3; Inf. abs. סָפוֹד Zc 7:5; cstr. סְפוֹד Ec 3:4, לִסְפֹּד Gn 23:2 1 K 13:29, לִסְפּוֹד Je 16:5; Pt. act. pl. סֹפְדִים Is 32:12, סוֹ׳ Ec 12:5;—wail, lament (with loud cries, etc., v. Mi 1:8, and cf. Dr Am 5:16), especially for dead, c. לְ, 1 S 25:1; 28:3 1 K 14:13, 18 Gn 23:2 (P) Je 16:6; 22:18^(×2); 34:5, cf. וְאַל־תֵּלֵךְ לִסְפּוֹד וְאַל־תָּנֹד לָהֶם 16:5; c. עַל־ over 2 S 1:12; 11:26; 1 K 13:30, cf. Zc 12:10 (see v 12 infr.); c. לִפְנֵי i.e. marching before (bier) 2 S 3:31 (v. Dr); c. acc. cogn. Gn 50:10 (J); abs. 1 K 13:29 Ez 24:16 cf. v 23 Ec 3:4 (opp. רקד; cf. ψ 30:12), and pt. as subst. Ec 12:5 wailers; also, with idea of guilt on part of those wailing, Zc 12:12 (cf. v 10 supr.); over calamity, judgment, c. עַל־ Mi 1:8, abs. Je 4:8 (both + הֵילִיל), 49:3 and (with fasting) Zc 7:5 Jo 1:13.—עַל־שָׁדַיִם סֹפְדִים עַל־שְׂדֵי־חֶמֶד וגו׳ Is 32:12 is dub.; Thes Ew De Che al. upon the breasts smiting (?) for the fields, etc., but read prob. שָׂדִים (־וֹת, יִם—ַ) Ges^Comm. (q.v.) Buhl ^{Lex 13} Skinner al.: over the fields wailing, over the delightful fields, etc.

Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. לֹא יִסָּֽפְדוּ Je 16:4 they shall not be bewailed, so 25:33.

מִסְפֵּד n.m. Gn 50:10 wailing;—abs. מ׳ Am 5:16 + 11 times; cstr. מִסְפַּד Mi 1:11 + 2 times; sf. מִסְפְּדִי ψ 30:12;—wailing:

1. for dead, Gn 50:10 (J; as acc. cogn.), Zc 12:10 (c. עַל־ cf. v 11^(×2) infr.).

2. for calamity experienced Am 5:16^(×2) (‖ אֵבֶל), v 17 Mi 1:8 (מ׳ כַּתַּנִּים, ‖ אֵבֶל), v 11 Je 48:38 Ez 27:31, anticipated Je 6:26 Est 4:3.

3. in contrition Is 22:12 (+ בְּכִי), Jo 2:12 (+ צוֹם, בְּכִי), cf. Zc 12:11^(×2).

4. in gen., ψ 30:12 (opp. מָחוֹל, cf. Ec 3:4).

† [סָפָה] vb. sweep or snatch away, catch up (NH ספי, סָפָא collect (rare), 𝔊 סְפִי (rare), Syriac ܣܦܳܐ collect, pick up; Arabic سَفَا of wind, raise dust and carry it away Lane¹³⁷⁷ [v. שָׁפָה]);—

Qal 1. intrans.: Pf. 3 fs. סָֽפְתָה Je 12:4 be snatched away (read poss. סָ֫פָה [סוף]). 2. trans.: Impf. 3 fs. תִּסְפֶּה Is 7:20 sweep away beard; 2 ms. תִּסְפֶּה Gn 18:23, 24 sweep away indiscriminately (good and bad); Inf. cstr. סְפוֹת Dt 29:18 to snatch away the moist with the dry (proverb. expression, cf. Dr), sf. לִסְפּוֹתָהּ ψ 40:15 to snatch it away.—סְפוֹת Nu 32:14; Is 30:1 v. יסף; וְסָפ֫וּ Am 3:15 v. סוף.

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. וְנִסְפָּה consec. 1 S 26:10; Impf. 2 ms. תִּסָּפֶה Gn 19:15, 17; 1 s. אֶסָּפֶה 1 S 27:1; 2 mpl. תִּסָּפוּ Nu 16:26, תִּסָּפ֑וּ 1 S 12:25; Pt. נִסְפֶּה Is 13:15; Pr 13:23 (1 Ch 21:12 v. infr.);— 1. be swept away, destroyed, Gn 19:15 (בַּעֲוֹן הָעִיר by reason of the iniquity of the city), v 17 (both J), Nu 16:26 (JE) 1 S 12:25; 26:10 (in battle), + בְּיַד of agent 1 S 27:1; cf. וְיֵשׁ נִסְפֶּה בְּלֹא מִשְׁפָּט Pr 13:23 and there is that is swept away for lack of justice.—1 Ch 21:12 read נוּסְךָ (as ‖ 2 S 24:13, v. נוּס). 2. be caught up, captured, Is 13:15 (‖ נִמְצָא).

Hiph. Impf. 1 s. אַסְפֶּה עָלֵימוֹ רָעוֹת Dt 32:23 I will catch up against them calamities, but read אֹסְפָה I will gather (√ אסף), or < אֹסִפָה (Di Dr Buhl ^{Lex 13}) I will add, i.e. multiply (√ יסף; v. Ges^{§ 69 h, note}).

† I. [סָפַח] vb. join, attach to;—

Qal Imv. ms. sf. סְפָחֵ֫נִי נָא אֶל־וגק׳ 1 S 2:36 attach me, pray, to one of the priest’s offices.

Niph. Pf. 3 pl. וְנִסְפְּחוּ עַל־ consec. Is 14:1 and they shall attach themselves to the house of Jacob (‖ נִלְוָה).

Pi. Pt. מְסַפֵּחַ חֲמָֽתְךָ Hb 2:15 joining (to it?) thy fury, but read prob. מִסַּף (ח dittogr.) from the goblet of thy fury (so We Gr Now GASm Da).

Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְסֻפָּ֑חוּ Jb 30:7 are joined together, hold themselves together (yet read perhaps Niph. יִסָּפֵּ֑חוּ Bu).

Hithp. Inf. cstr. מֵהִסְתַּפֵּחַ 1 S 26:19 they have driven me out from joining myself with (בְּ) the inheritance of י׳.

II. ספח (√ of foll.; appar. pour out; cf. Arabic سَفَحَ pour out, shed (blood; Qor 6:146); NH סִפֵּחַ of river, cast out alluvial soil, make new land).

† I. [סָפִיחַ] n.[m.] outpouring (?);—pl. sf. תִּשְׁטֹף־סְפִיחֶיהָ עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ Jb 14:19 (si vera l.) its outpourings sweep away the dust of the earth, so most, but dub.; Bu proposes *סְחִיפָה, cf. מָטָר סֹחֵף Pr 28:3.

† II. סָפִיחַ n.[m.] growth from spilled kernels ((kernels) poured out, accidentally, in harvesting, according to most; Buhl^{Lex 13} al. think of additional growth, √ I. ספח);—it is what springs up of itself in second year, and serves as food when no grain could be sown: abs. ס׳ 2 K 19:29 = Is 37:30; cstr. סְפִיחַ קְצִירְךָ Lv 25:5; sf. תִּקְצְרוּ אֶת־סְפִיחֶיהָ v 11.

† מִשְׂפָּח n.[m.] prob. outpouring (of blood), bloodshed (שׂ subst. for ס; word chosen for assonance with מִשְׁפָּט);—abs., וַיְקַו לְמִשְׁפָּט וְהִנֵּה מ׳ Is 5:7 and he waited for justice and lo! bloodshed, so Ges Hi Ew Di Gu Du Che^Comm. Che^Hpt. (dub.).

III. ספח (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

† סַפַּ֫חַת n.f. eruption, scab, either malignant or harmless;—abs. שְׂאֵת אוֹ ס׳ אוֹ בְהֶרֶת Lv 13:2 cf. 14:56.

† מִסְפַּ֫חַת n.f. id.;—abs. Lv 13:6, 7, 8.

† שִׂפַּח vb.

Pi. denom. cause a scab upon, smite with scab (שׂ subst. for ס);—וְשִׂפַּח אֲדֹנָי קָּדְקָד וגו׳ (consec.) Is 3:17 and Adonay shall smite with scab the crown of the daughters of Zion.

† [מִסְפָּחָה] n.f. long veil (proposes sheathing?) covering whole person; pl. abs. וְעשֹׁוֹת הַמִּסְפָּחוֹת עַל־רֹאשׁ Ez 13:18; sf. מִסְפְּחֹתֵיכֶם v 21.

סִפַּי v. ספף.

† סַפִּיר n.[m.] sapphire, perhaps also lapis lazuli (cf. Di Ex 24:10 Now^{Arch. i. 131}) (NH id., and סַמְפִּירִינוֹן; 𝔗 סַפִרִינוֹן; 𝔖 ܣܰܦܺܝܠܴܐ; loan-word from Skr. çanipriya according to Lag^{Ges. Abh. 72} Lewy^{Fremdw. 56} cf. Gk. σάπφειρος);—abs. ס׳ Ex 24:10 + 8 times; pl. סַפִּירִים Is 54:11 Ct 5:14;—with other jewels as ornaments of prince Ez 28:13; in high priest’s breastplate Ex 28:18; 39:11; found in mines Jb 28:6, costly Jb 28:16 cf. Is 54:11; taking high polish La 4:7 (in fig.); שֵׁן מְעֻלֶּפֶת סַפִּירִים Ct 5:14 ivory covered with sapphires (in fig.); lapis lazuli, according to Hi Bu Du al. in Jb 28:6 (עַפְרֹת זָהָב לוֹ being understood of sparkling crystals of iron pyrites in this), but v. Di; lapis lazuli may be intended in לִבְנַת הַסּ׳ Ex 24:10 (J) pavement of sapphire (in theoph., cf. אֶבֶן־ס׳ Ez 1:26; 10:1.

† סֵ֫פֶל n.[m.] bowl (√ unknown; perhaps foreign word; Assyrian saplu, bowl, basin (Dl^{HWB 508} Schr^{COT 2 K 9:2}) [occurs as object of tribute or plunder]; NH = BH; 𝔗 סִיפְּלָא bowl, basin, ChrPal. Aramaic ܣܝܦܠܐ (wash-) basin Schwally^{Idiot. 64}; Arabic سِفْلٌ bowl, jar Fl^{Levy NHWB iii. 320; Kl. Schr. ii. 556 f.} is perhaps loan-word Frä^{67 f.});—abs. מְלֹא הַסּ׳ Ju 6:38; for drinking, cstr. סֵפֶל אַדִּירִים 5:25 a bowl of (fit for) nobles, huge bowl (GFM).

† [סָפַן once, erron., שׂ׳] vb. cover, cover in, panel (NH סָפַן is respect, care for; Ph. מספנת roof, Lzb³³⁰; Aramaic סְפַן Ithpe. be covered, overlaid; Assyrian sapânu (sometimes šapânu !), cover, overwhelm Dl⁵⁰⁸; sapannu, concealment, obscurity, depth (of sea); Ethiopic ሰፈነ invalescere, percrebescere, praevalere, Di⁴⁰⁶);—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסְפֹּן אֶת־הַבַּיִת גֵּבִים 1 K 6:9 and he covered in the house with beams (?); Inf. abs. סָפוֹן בָּאָ֑רֶז Je 22:14 (reading with JDMich Hi Gf Or Gie Co, חַלּוֹנָיו סָפוֹן, for MT חַלּוֹנַי וְסָפוּן, cf. Dr^{Sm xxx}) covering (it) in, panelling (it) with cedar; Pt. pass. סָפוּן בְּאֶרֶז 1 K 7:7, סָפֻן בְּאֶרֶז v 3; pl. בְּבָֽתֵּיכֶם סְפוּנִים Hg 1:4 in your panelled houses.—סָפוּן strangely = reserved, laid up, Dt 33:21, and = hidden v 19 שְׂפֻנֵי טְמֻנֵי חוֹל (only here with שׂ; both in sense of צָפוּן [read this?

† סִפֻּן n.[m.] ceiling;—abs. הַסּ׳ 1 K 6:15.

† סְפִינָה n.f. vessel, ship (covered in, overlaid, with sheathing, deck, etc.; Aramaic ܣܦܺܝܢܳܐ;; on Arabic سَفِينَةٌ as loan-word v. Frä²¹⁶);—only יַרְכְּתֵי הַסּ׳ Jon 1:5.

ספף (√ of foll., meaning unknown).

† I. סַף n.m. basin, goblet (NH סַף; Ph. סף (Inscr. of Tyre^{(1), 5, 6}) Schröd^{ZMG xxxix (1885), 917 f.} Cl-Gann ^{Annales du Musée Guimet x. 511 = Recueil d’arch. orient. (1886), 89} Hal^{RÉJ xii. 107} Bloch; but Lzb³³⁰ door-sill);—ס׳ abs. basin Ex 12:22^(×2) (J; containing blood of passover lamb); cstr. סַף־רַעַל Zc 12:2 goblet of reeling (intoxicating, fig.), prob. also Hb 2:15, where read מִסַּף תֲמָֽתְךָ from the goblet of thy fury (for MT מְסַפֵּחַ ח׳, v. I. ספח); pl. abs. סַפּוֹת 2 S 17:28 basins for ordinary use; הַסִּפִּים Je 52:19, הַסִּפּוֹת 1 K 7:50 and cstr. סִפּוֹת כֶּסֶף 2 K 12:14, of temple utensils.

† II. סַף₂₄ n.m. ^{Am 9:1} threshold, sill (NH id.; Ph. v. Lzb i. סַף; Aramaic סִפָּא, ܣܶܦܳܐ, (sepo,) Arabic sippu Dl ⁵⁰⁹, all id.);—abs. ס׳ 2 K 12:10 +, also הַסָּ֑ף Ju 19:27 + 3 times (Baer Ginsb), הַסָּ֑ף 2 K 25:8; sf. סִפִּי Ez 43:8, סִפָּם v 8; pl. סִפִּים Am 9:1; Is 6:4 + 6 times Ez Ch;—threshold, sill Ju 19:27; Am 9:1; Is 6:4 Ez 41:16^(×2); 43:8^(×2); 2 Ch 3:7, ס׳הַבַּיִת 1 K 14:17, ס׳ הַשַּׁעַר Ez 40:6, 7, cf. v 6 b; שֹׁמֵר הַסַּף = door-keeper, an important temple official, Je 35:4, so שֹׁמְרֵי הַסּ׳ 2 K 12:10 (priests), 22:4 = 2 Ch 34:9 (Levites!), 2 K 23:4; 25:18 = Je 52:24; in Persia, of palace Est 2:21; 6:2; of tabern. שׁ׳ הַסִּפִּים 1 Ch 9:19; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסּ׳ 2 Ch 23:4 (Levites), שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסּ׳ 1 Ch 9:22; coll. חֹרֶב בַּסָּ֑ף Zp 2:14 desolation in the thresholds.

† [ספף] vb. denom. Hithpôʿ. stand at, or guard, the threshold;—Inf. cstr. בָּחַ֫רְתִּי הִסְתּוֹפֵף בְּבֵית אֱלֹהַי ψ 84:11 I choose standing at the threshold in the house of my God.

† III. סַף, סִפַּי n.pr.m. a Philistine, 2 S 21:18 (𝔊 τὸν Σεφ(ε); 𝔊L τοὺς ἐπισυνηγμένους), = סִפַּי 1 Ch 20:4 (𝔊 τὸν Σαφουτ, A Σαφφι, 𝔊L Σαπφι).

† סָפַק [I. שָׂפַקִ] vb. slap, clap (NH Pi. id.; Arabic سَفَقَ slap (face), strike (hands) Lane ¹³⁷³);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְסָפַק consec. Je 48:26, sf. סְפָקָם Jb 34:26; 1 s. סָפַ֫קְתִּי Je 31:19; 3 pl. סָֽפְקוּ La 2:15; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂפֹּק (שׂ subst. for ס) Jb 27:23, יִסְפּוֹק 34:37, הִסְפֹּק Nu 24:10; Imv. ms. סְפֹק Ez 21:17;—

1. slap, sq. עַל־יָרֵךְ on the thigh, in remorse and sorrow Je 31:19 Ez 21:17; c. כַּפַּיִם clap one’s hands Nu 24:10 (in anger), c. עַל at, La 2:15; Jb 27:23 (in mockery); כ׳ om. Jb 34:37 (in presumptuousness, against God).

2. slap, chastise, c. acc. pers. Jb 34:26 (subj. God).

3. splash וְס׳ מוֹאָב בְּקִיאוֹ Je 48:26 and Moab shall splash (fall with a splash) into his vomit, > Thes Buhl^{Lex 13} empty himself(?), throw up (cf. Syriac ܣܦܩ Pa.). Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. וּבְיַלְדֵי נָכְרִים יַשְׂפִּ֫יקוּ Is 2:6 (read perhaps וּבִידֵי Hi Du Che, and into the hands of foreigners they clap, lit. cause to clap, sc. their hands; > 𝔊 𝔖 from ii. שׂפק q.v., they abound in, have a sufficienty of).

† [שֶׂ֫פֶק] n.[m.] doubtful word; hand-clapping, i.e. mockery (?) (cf. vb. Jb 27:23);—שָׂ֑פֶק Jb 36:18 in difficult cl. כִּי־חֵמָה פֶּן־יְסִיתְךָ בְשׂ׳ because there is passion, (beware) lest it incite thee to mockery, Bae^Kau Da (but הסית בְּ = incite against, hence Bu reads לִשְׂפֹּק); De is not clear; others (as Di): lest it (passion) excite thee at the chastisement (v. √ 2; cf. Thes); Du reads מִשְׂפָּק לְחֵמָה lest chastisement incite thee to wrath.—On Jb 20:22 (edd.) v. שֵׂפֶק.

סֵ֫פֶר₁₈₅ n.m. Is 29:11 missive, document, writing, book (prob. ancient loan-word from Assyrian šipru, missive, message Dl^{HWB 683}, TelAm. šipru, šipirtu, id. WklTA ^Gloss.; √ šâpâru, send, send message or letter Dl^{HWB 683}, Wkl^l.c., whence also šâpiru, writer, and (perhaps ruler, šapirûtu, rule; v. Hom^{Aufsätze (1892), 34} Buhl^{Lex 13}; perhaps cf. Arabic سَفَرَ go forth to journey, ii. send on a journey Lane¹³⁷⁰; NH סֵפֶר = BH; so Aramaic סִיפְרָא, ܣܶܦܪܳܐ; ChrPal. Aramaic ܣܝܦܪܐ Schwally^{Idiot. 64}; Arabic سِفْرٌ );—ס׳ abs. 2 S 11:14 +; cstr. Ex 24:7 +; sf. סִפְרִי Ex 32:33, סִפְרְךָ v 33 ψ 139:16; pl. סְפָרִים 1 K 21:8 +;—

†1. missive: a. letter of instruction, written order, commission, or request, usually from king, 2 S 11:14, 15; 1 K 21:8^(×2), 9, 11; 2 K 5:5, 6^(×2), 7; 10:1, 2, 6, 7; 19:14 = Is 37:14 cf. 2 Ch 32:17; 2 K 20:12 = Is 39:1; = written decree for publication Est 1:22; 3:13; 8:5; 9:20, 25, 30 (= אִגֶּרֶת v 26, 29, vid. p. 8 b supra), cf. וַיִּשְׁלַּח סְפָרִים בְּיַד הָרָצִים בַּסּוסִים רֹכְבֵי הָרֶכֶשׁ 8:10.—[כָּתַב ס׳ 2 S 11:15; 1 K 21:8; 2 K 10:1, 6; 2 Ch 32:17; כָּתַב בַּסּ׳ (of specif. contents) 2 S 11:15; 1 K 21:9, 11; קָרָא אֶת־הַסּ׳ 2 K 5:7 read the letter].— b. from prophet Je 29:1, other influential persons v 25, 29†.

†2. legal document, ס׳ כְּרִיתֻת certificate of divorce Dt 24:1, 3 and (fig.) Je 3:8; Is 50:1; ס׳ הַסִּקְנָה deed of purchase Je 32:11, 12 (del. art.), v 12, 14, 16, cf. בַּסּ׳ v 10, הַסִּפָרִים v 14 (si vera l.; del. 𝔊 Gie cf. Gf), סֵפֶר v 14 b, 44; ס׳ = indictment Jb 31:35 (obj. of כָּתַב; כָּתַב בְּ׳ = sign Je 32:10, 12, 44).

3. book, or scroll, in which something is written to preserve it for future use Ex 17:14 (E), Jos 18:9 (JE), 1 S 10:25; Is 30:8 Jb 19:23 +; in form of roll, cf. וְנָגֹ֫לּוּ כַּסֵּפֶר הַשָּׁמַיִם Is 34:4, הַסּ׳ הֶחָתוּם 29:11, 12 (v. Je 36 etc., infr.); partic.: a. book of prophecies Je 25:13; 30:2 + 6 times Je 3:6; Dn 12:4; ס׳ חֲזוֹן נַחוּם Na 1:1; סֵפֶר י׳ Is 34:4; so מְגִלַּת סֵפֶר Je 36:2, 4 (= מְגִלָּה v 6 + 6 times; with many columns, דְּלָתוֹת v 23), Ez 2:9, cf. ψ 40:8. b. geneal. register, ס׳ תּוֹלְדוֹת Gn 5:1 (P), ס׳ הַיַּ֫חַשׂ Ne 7:5. c. law-book, †ס׳ הַבְּרִית Ex 24:7 (E), 2 K 23:2 = 2 Ch 34:30; 2 K 23:21; †ס׳ הַתּוֹרָה Dt 28:61; 29:20; 30:10; 31:26; Jos 1:8; 8:34 (all D), 2 K 22:8 = 2 Ch 34:15, 2 K 22:11; Ne 8:3; †ס׳ תּוֹרַת אֱלֹהִים Jos 24:26 (E), Ne 8:8 (reading ס׳ תּוֹרַת, so 𝔊, cf. Talm. ^{Nedarim 37 b}), v 18; 9:3; †ס׳ תּוֹרַת י׳ 2 Ch 17:9; 34:14; †ס׳ תִוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה Jos 8:31; 23:6 (both D), 2 K 14:6; Ne 8:1; †ס׳ מֹשֶׁה 2 Ch 25:4; 35:12; Ne 13:1. d. book of poems, ס׳ מִלְחֲמֹת י׳ Nu 21:14 (JE), ס׳ הַיָּשָׁר Jos 10:13 (JE), 2 S 1:18. e. book concerned with kings, ס׳ דִּבְרֵי שְׁלֹמֹה 1 K 11:41, and especially ס׳ דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי וגו׳ 1 K 14:19, 29 + 31 times K (18 times of Isr., 15 times of Judah), cf. Est 10:2 (of Media and Pers.); also ס׳ דִּבְרֵי הַיָמִים לַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִיד 1 Ch 27:24 (reading ס׳ for מִסְפָּר, 𝔊 Kit ^Hpt); ס׳ הַמְּלָכִים לִיהוּדָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל 2 Ch 16:11; ס׳ מַלְכֵי יְהוּדָה וְיִשׂ׳ 25:26; 28:26; 32:32; ס׳ מ׳ יִשׂ׳ וִיהוּדָה 27:7 35:27; 36:8; ס׳ מ׳ יִשׂ׳ 1 Ch 9:1; 2 Ch 20:34; מִדְרַשׁ ס׳ הַמְּלָבִים 24:27; also ס׳ דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים Ne 12:23; Est 2:23; ס׳ הַזִּכְרֹנוֹת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים Est 6:1. f. once בַּסְּפָרִים Dn 9:2 by means of the Scriptures (canonical books) cf. Ew Meinh Bev Marti^Kau. g. God’s record-book, ψ 139:16, ס׳ זִכָּרוֹן Mal 3:16; God’s register of living, Ex 32:32, 33 (E), ס׳ חַיִּים ψ 69:29; הַסּ׳ Dn 12:1 (citizens of Mess. kingdom).

4. ס׳ =book-learning, especially writing: יָדַע (הַ)סֵּפֶר Is 29:11, 12^(×2) (of ability to read); so לְלַמְּדָם סֵפֶר וּלְשׁוֹן כַּשְׂדִּים Dn 1:4 to teach them the writing and speech of the Chaldeans (on constr. v. Ges^{§ 128 a}); more gen. הַשְׂכִּיל בְּכָל־ס׳ וְחָכְמָה v 17.—[סֵפֶר book is joined with vbs. thus: it is written (יִכָּתֵב) Mal 3:16; a thing is written בַּסּ׳ Ex 17:14 + 20 times, עַל־ס׳ 2 S 1:18 + 50 times (+ Je 36:32; בַּדְּיוֹ with ink v 18), אֶל־ס׳ †Je 30:2; 51:60; conversely דָּרַשׁ מֵעַל ס׳ Is 34:16; שָׁמַע מֵעַל ס׳ Je 36:11; v. also †בַּסּ׳ וְיֻחָ֑קוּ Jb 19:23 inscribe in a book, †עַל־ס׳ חֻקָּהּ Is 30:8 (‖ כָּתְבָהּ עַל־לוּחַ); †מָחָה מִסּ׳ blot out of a book Ex 32:32, 33 ψ 69:29; †קָרָא אֶת־הַסּ׳ Je 51:63 read the book, scroll, but usually †קָרָא בְס׳ 36:8, 10, 13 Ne 8:8, 18; 9:3; 13:1].—ס׳ in קִרְיַת ס׳, v. ק׳.

† [סִפְרָה] n.f. book;—sf. הֲלֹא בְּסִפְרָתֶ֑ךָ ψ 56:9 (cf. סֵפֶר 3 g); del. as gloss Bi Che Hup-Now Du.—Cf. also [סְפֹרָה] infr.

סָפַר₁₀₇ vb. count, Pi. recount, relate (prob. ancient denom. from סֵפֶר; NH = BH; Ethiopic ሰፈረ; measure Di⁴⁰⁴);—

Qal₂₇ Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ 2 S 24:10, 2 ms. סָפַרְתָּה ψ 56:9, וְסָפַרְתָּ֫ Lv 25:8, etc.; Impf. יִסְפֹּר ψ 87:6 + Jb 38:37 where read prob. יִסְפֹּר (Bu) for MT יְסַפֵּר, יְסְפּוֹר Jb 31:4, וַיִּסְפֹּר 2 Ch 2:1, 16, sf. וַיִּסְפְּרֵם Ezr 1:8; 2 ms. תִּסְפֹּר Jb 39:2, תִּסְפּוֹר 14:16, תִּסְפָּר־ Dt 16:9, etc.; Imv. ms. סְפֹר Gn 15:5; mpl. סִפְרוּ 1 Ch 21:2 ψ 48:13; Inf. cstr. לִסְפֹּר Gn 15:5 + 2 times; Pt. סֹפֵר Is 33:18^(×2) (v. also סֹפֵר n. infr.);— 1. count things, to learn their number, c. acc., Gn 15:5^(×2) (J) 2 S 24:10 + 10 times (+ acc. cogn. 2 Ch 2:16); acc. om. Gn 41:49 (E); + ל (dat. comm. vel eth.), Lv 15:13, 28; 23:15; 25:8 (all PH), Dt 16:9; Ez 44:26; Ezr 1:8 ψ 87:6 Is 33:18 (abs.), v 18 (but text suspicious, conjj. in Du Che^Hpt). 2. number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon: צְעָדַי תִּסְפּוֹר Jb 14:16 of my steps thou takest account, so 31:4; v. also 38:37 (cf. supr.); נֹדִי סָפַרְתָּה ψ 56:9 my wandering hast thou reckoned, taken into account (Che reads סִפַּרְתִּי after 𝔊).

†Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּפֵר Ho 2:1 + 4 times; 3 mpl. יִסָּֽפְרוּ 1 K 8:5; 2 Ch 5:6, וַיִּסָּֽפְרוּ 1 Ch 23:3;— be counted, numbered, usually c. neg., to indicate multitude, לֹא יִסּ׳ מֵרֹב Gn 16:10 (J) it is not to be counted, for multitude, so 32:13 (J), 1 K 3:8 (‖ לֹא יִסָּנֶה), 8:5 (+ id.), 2 Ch 5:6 (+ id.); cf. Ho 2:1 (+ לֹא־יִמַּד), Je 33:22 (‖ לֹא יִמַּד); positively, only וַיִּסָּֽפְרוּ הַלְּוִיִּם 1 Ch 23:3.

Pi.₆₇ Pf. 1 s. סִפַּ֫רְתִּי ψ 119:26, סִפַּ֑רְתִּי v 13; 3 pl. סִפְּרוּ Ju 6:13 + 3 times; Impf. 3 ms. יְסַפֵּר Jb 38:37 +, 1 s. אֲסַפֵּר ψ 22:18 +; cohort. אֲסַפֵּ֑רָה Jb 15:17; 1 pl. וַנְּסַפֶּר־ Ex 10:2, etc.; Imv. סַפֵּר Is 43:26, etc.; Inf. cstr. (לְ)סַפֵּר ψ 50:16 + 5 times; Pt. מְסַפֵּר Ju 7:13; 2 K 8:5; pl. מְסַפְּרִים ψ 19:2; 78:4;—recount, rehearse, declare: 1. recount something (acc.), to (לְ pers.) Ju 6:13; 7:13; Gn 24:66 (J), 1 S 11:5 + 18 times (of rehearsing glorious deeds of י׳ ψ 44:2; 73:28; 78:3, 4; 79:13); c. acc. + בְּ loc. Ez 12:16, elsewhere of rehearsing name or praise of י׳ Ex 9:16 (J) ψ 9:15; 96:3 = 1 Ch 16:24, ψ 102:22 Je 51:10; c. acc. alone ψ 9:2; 19:2; 119:13 (+ בְּ instr.), 145:6 + 8 times ψψ + Is 43:21, all of rehearsing praise of י׳; cf. צְמוּ מִסַּפֵּר ψ 40:6 they are too great to rehearse, c. acc. also Je 23:28, 32; Jb 15:17; 28:27 ψ 119:26; acc. om. Is 43:26, c. לְ pers. Gn 40:8 (E) + 6 times, c. אֶל־ pers. Gn 37:10 (E), c. בְּאָזְנֵי Ex 10:2; c. בְּמוֹ (q.v.) ψ 73:15; c. אֶל־ concerning ψ 2:7, cf. 69:27 (𝔊 𝔖 Ew Ol Gr Bi Che Bae add; in that case read יֹסִ֑פּוּ); c. עַל־ concerning, + לְ pers. Jo 1:3. 2. appar., in weakened sense, talk ψ 59:13, 64:6 (c. ל concerning), 73:15 (c. כְּמוֹ). 3. count exactly, accurately, אֲסַפֵּר כָּל־עַצְמוֹתָ֑י ψ 22:18 I can count exactly all my bones (in wasted body).—ψ 40:6 v. sub 1, Jb 38:37 read יִסְפִּר.

†Pu. be recounted, related, rehearsed: Pf. 3 ms. סֻפַּר לְ Is 52:15; Impf. 3 ms. יְסֻפַּר לְ Jb 37:20 (cl. as subj.), + לְ concerning ψ 22:31; c. בְּ loc. 88:12; abs. יְסֻפָּ֑ר Hb 1:5.

† סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר n.m. ^{ψ 45:2} enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe (proposes pt. of סָפַר; Aramaic סַפְרָא, ܣܳܦܪܳܐ id., cf. ܣܦܺܝܪ doctus, literatus; Old Aramaic ספרא id., Lzb³³⁰ Cook⁸⁵; Ph. ספר Lzb³³⁰);—abs. סֹפֵר Ju 5:14 +, סוֹפֵר 2 S 8:17 +; cstr. סֹפֵר 2 K 12:11 + 2 times, + Je 52:25 (Gie GFM read הַסּ׳ as ‖ 2 K 25:19); pl. סֹפְרִים 1 K 4:3; Je 8:8, סוֹ׳ 1 Ch 2:55; 2 Ch 34:13; cstr. סֹפְרֵי Est 3:12; 8:9;—

1. a. enumerator muster-cfier, in description of leaders of Isr. משְׁבִים בְּשֵׁבֶט ס׳ Ju 5:14. b. king’s official = secretary 2 S 8:17 = 20:25 = 1 Ch 18:16; 2 K 18:18, 37 = Is 36:3, 22; Sol. has two 1 K 4:3 (in all these disting. from מַזְכִּיר); also 2 K 19:2 = Is 37:2; Je 36:10, 12, cf. לִשְׁכַּת הַסּ׳ v 12, 20, 21, בֵּית הַסּ׳ 37:15, 20; acting as treasurer and paymaster 2 K 12:11 = 2 Ch 24:11,—cf. Zadok Ne 13:13;—2 K 22:3, 8, 9, 10, 12 = 2 Ch 34:15, 18, 20; 1 Ch 24:6 (Levite); הַסּ׳ שַׂר הַצָּבָא 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25 (si vera l. in K) implies military authority (but שַׂר הַצּ׳ perhaps gloss GFM Ju 5:14); Ew Sta al. read (as Je) scribe of general. c. in Persia, secretaries who wrote out (king’s) decrees, according to Est 3:12; 8:9. d. 2 Ch 26:11 uses ס׳ for muster-officer; 1 Ch 2:55 mentions families of סוֹפְרִים; 2 Ch 34:13 knows ס׳ as Levites; ס׳ 1 Ch 27:32 = man of learning.