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ס

ס, Samekh, fifteenth letter; used as numeral 60 in postB. Heb.

† סְאָה n. f. (v. infr.) sₑÕ’āh, a measure of flour, grain, etc. (√ unknown; perh. foreign word; NH id.; Aram. סְאָה, סָאתָא, ܣܳܐܳܐ, ܣܶܐܳܐ, ܣܰܐܬܳܐ (Gk. σάτον, Lewy:Fremdwörter 116 f));—abs. סְאָה־ 2 K 7:1; 7:16, וּסֳאָה־ v:18 (Baer Ginsb cf. Ges:§ 10 h); du. סָאתַיִם 1 K 18:32 + 3 t.; pl. סְאִים Gn 18:6, 1 S 25:18; —alw. c. appos. of thing measured, Gn 18:6 (J), 1 S 25:18, 1 K 18:32, 2 K 7:1, 7:1, 7:16, 7:16, 7:18, 7:18 (where appar. masc., perh. after anal. of other measures of capacity, הִין, תֹמֶר, כֹּר, etc., Albrecht:ZAW xvi (1896), 95);—סַאסְּאָה Is 27:8 v. סאסא.—On size of sₑÕ’āh = 1/3 ephah, = 12.148 litres (= 10.696 qts.), v. Now:Arch. i. 203 Benz:Arch. 183.

† [סְאוֹן ?] n.[m.] sandal, boot of soldier (prob. loan-word from As. šênu, shoe, sandal (of leather), Dl:HWB 634 Wkl:Tel Amarna, Gloss., whence (denom.) šênu, put on sandals Dl:l. c.; cf. Aram. סֵינָא, ܣܐܽܘܢܳܐ, ܣܽܘܢܳܐ sandal (vb. denom. ܣܶܐܢ); Eth. 340n: sandal);—prob. cstr. כָּל־סְאוֹן סֹאֵן Is 9:4 every boot of one tramping (abs. Du al).

† [סָאַן] vb. prob. denom. tread, tramp;—only Qal Pt. סֹאֵן בְּרַעַשׁ Is 9:4 (v. foregoing).

† [סֵאסֵא] vb. Pilpēl, whence Inf. בְּסַאסְאָהּ (MT בְּסַאסְּאָה) Is 27:8 = by driving her (it) away (conj. fr. ‖בְּשַׁלְּחָהּ), acc. to Hi Ew Di Du Che:Hpt Am RV:m; > = בִּסְאָה סְאָה by the sₑÕ’āh, the sₑÕ’āh, i.e. (Ges:§ 123 c, 133 k) by exact measure Vrss (not LXX), Ges De cf. AV RV, which is prob. Rabbin. conceit. (On format. cf. טאטא, and v. Ges:§ 55 f. Sta:§ § 112 a Anm. 2; 238.)

† [סָבָא] vb. imbibe, drink largely (NH id.; Aram. סְבָא id. (rare); cf. As. sabû, sesame-wine Dl:HWB;—Ar. سَبْأُ wine, is prob. loan-wd. and سَبَأَ import foreign wine denom., Frä:157 f);—Qal Impf. 1 pl. cohort. נִסְבְּאָה Is 56:12; Pt. act. סֹבֵא Dt 21:20, Pr 23:21; pl. סובאים Ez 23:42 Kt (Qr סָבָאִים, v. infr.); cstr. סֹבְאֵי Pr 23:20; pass. סְבוּאִים Na 1:10; —imbibe, c. acc. שֵׁכָר Is 56:12; pt. act. = subst. wine-bibber, drunkard Dt 21:20, Pr 23:21 (both + זוֹלֵל); fully, סֹבְאֵי יָי֑ן 23:20 (+ זֹלֲלֵי בָשָׂר); so also Ez 23:42 Kt (Qr perh. n. gent., so SyrVer AV, v. infr.), which rd. Sm RV Sgfr:Kau Da; Co thinks dittogr. of מוּבָאִים, but perh. the reverse (Toy:Hpt om. מוּבָאִים): > Berthol (q. v.) מִסְּבָא; other conj. v. in Sm; וּכְסָבְאָם סְבוּאִים Na 1:10 is prob. corrupt, pt. pass. of person dub., and sense obscure; del. both as dittogr. Gunkel:ZAW xiii (1893), 235 Now; om. in transl. We Kau. On Ho 4:18 v. סֹבֶא.

† [סָבָא] only pl. סָבָאִים Ez 23:42 Qr = drunkards, wine-bibbers (?) so Thes al., but v. סְבָאִים.

† [סֹ֫בֶא] n. m.:Is 1:22 drink, liquor;—only sf. סָבְאֵךְ Is 1:22; סָבְאָם Ho 4:18 (but v. infr.), Na 1:10 (but v. סָבָא );—liquor (appar. strong, choice) Is 1:22; סָר ס׳ Ho 4:18 their liquor (i.e. their drunkenness) is gone Thes Hi Che RV:m, but very dub., LXX quite diff. (ἡρέτισεν Ξαναναίους), We Gu:Kau Now om. in transl.; conj. of Houtsma:TTijdschr ix (1875), 60 סֹד סֹבְאִים, a company of wine-bibbers, makes good sense.

† סְבָא n. pr. m. 1st son of Cush, poet. and late;—Gn 10:7 (P) (LXX Σαβα, as שְׁבָא) = 1 Ch 1:9 (LXX id., but B Σαβατ); = nation (or territory) Ps 72:10 (LXX Σαβα; + שְׁבָא, LXX Αραβων), so (+ כּוּשׁ, ‖מִחְרַיִם) Is 43:3 (LXX Σοηνη); clearly situated in south; most prob. = λιμὴν Σαβά, and Σαβαὶ πόλις εὐμεγέθης, in Adulic gulf on W. coast of Red Sea; v. Strabo:xvi. 4. 8. 10 Ptol:iv. 7, 7 f. Di:Gn Bae:Psalm Du:Is; > Meroë Jos:Ant. ii. 10, 2 al.

† סְבָאִים n. pl. gent. SₑbāÕ’im, LXX οἱ Σαβαειμ, A Σεβωειμ;—אַנְשֵׁי מִדָּה וּס׳ Is 45:14 (+ כּוּשׁ, ‖מִחְֹרַיִם, cf. 43:3 supr.); this perh. intended also by Ez 23:42 Qr (v. סָבָא), perh. confounding it with שְׁבָא, cf. SyrVer.

† סָבַב vb. turn about, go around, surround ( NH id., Pi. Hiph., and deriv.; Aram. סוֹבְבָא rim, border; Ar. سَبَبُ rope, سَبِيبُ lock of hair; poss. also سَبَّ II. prepare a means of attaining sthg. Lane:1284);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Ez 42:19 +; 1 S. סַבֹּ֫תִי 1 S 22:22 (but v. infr.), סַבּ֫וֹתִי Ec 2:20, 7:25; 3 pl. סָֽבְבוּ Jos 6:15 + 1 S 14:21, 2 S 24:6 (v. infr.), sf. סְבָבוּנִי Ps 18:6 +, סַבּוּנִי 88:18 + 2 t., סַבֻּנִי 2 S 22:6; 2 mpl. וְסַבֹּתֶם consec. Jos 6:3, etc.; Impf. יָסֹב 1 K 7:15 +, sf. יְסֻבֵּנִי Ps 49:6; oftener יִסֹּב 1 S 5:8 +, וַיִּסֹּב Gn 42:24 +; 3 mpl. יָסֹ֫בוּ Jb 16:13, וַיָּסֹ֫בוּ Jos 6:14 +, 3 fpl. תְּסֻבֶּינָה Gn 37:7, etc.; Imv. ms. סֹב 1 S 22:18, fs. סֹ֫בִּי Is 23:16, etc.; Inf. cstr. לִסְבֹּב Nu 21:4, סֹב Dt 2:3; Pt. סוֹבֵב 2 K 6:15 +, הַסֹּבֵיב 8:21 (Ginsb הִסְבִּיב Kt, הַסֹּבֵב Qr), etc.;—

1. turn, intrans. (Impf. of form יִסֹּב in this sense only): a. turn about, oft. as preliminary to something else 1 S 15:12, 15:27 (sq. inf.), 1 Ch 16:43 (id.; וַ֫יָּשָׁב in ‖ 2 S 6:20) + 1 S 14:21 (rd. סָֽבְבוּ גַם for MT סָבִיב וְגַם, LXX SyrVer Vulgate Th We, etc.), Je 41:14 a (+ שׁוב v:b, but LXX om. v:a cf. Gie), Ec 1:6, 1:6; of door, Pr 26:14 turn on (עַל) its hinge (cf. Niph. Ez 26:2); turn (toward one) 1 S 22:17, 22:18, 22:18, 2 S 18:30, 18:30, Ct 2:17 (v. Bu); also c. אֶל־ 2 S 14:24, 14:24; + 24:6 (rd. סָֽבְבוּ for סָבִיב We Dr Bu Kit HPS; Klo יָסֹבוּ, cf. Löhr), Ez 42:19, Ec 1:6, אֶל־אַחֲרָָי 2 K 9:18, 9:19; of cup of י׳, it shall come round unto (עַל־, with hostile implic.; עָבַר עַל La 4:22) Hb 2:16; of Jordan, turn לְאָחוֹר Ps 114:3, 114:5; turn about from (מֵעַל) Gn 42:24, (מִן) 1 S 18:11, + אֶל־ 17:30; so of inheritance Nu 36:7 it shall not go about from (מִן) tribe to (אֶל־) tribe, also v:9 (לְ for אֶל־); cf. (abs.) וַתִּסֹּב הַמְּלוּכָה וַתְּהִי לְאָתִי 1 K 2:15 (cf. Hiph. 1 b); = be brought round, c. acc. loc. 1 S 5:8 (of ark). b. turn = change, only Zc 14:10 (of land, changed like [כְּ, i.e. into] a plain), cf. Hiph. 1 c. c. fig. turn (in a new direction) to do something (inf.) Ec 2:20, 7:25.—Ps 71:21 is dub.; Bae reads וְתָשֻׁב for וְתִסֹּב after LXX SyrVer Vulgate; Hup-Now Che al. sub a. supr.: turn, comfort me.—Jb 10:8 rd. אַחַר תִּסֹּב for MT יחד סביב De al.

2. a. march, or walk, around, c. acc. (city) Jos 6:3, 6:4, 6:7, 6:14, 6:15, 6:15 (all JE), Ps 48:13; poss. also נָסֹב 1 S 16:11 (of marching about altar? so HPS; turn to do something else Th), but cf. תסוב Ecclus 32:1 sit about a table (v. Schechter:BS p. 56, and cf. מֵסַב), or rd. נֵשֵׁב Weir in Dr Kit Bu Löhr (perh.). b. go partly round, circle about, skirt, c. acc. (land) Nu 21:4 (JE) Ju 11:18, also Dt 2:1, 2:3; of rivers Gn 2:11, 2:13. c. make a round, or circuit, go about to, c. acc. loc. 1 S 7:16; go about in (בְּ) 2 Ch 17:9, cf. also (c. בְּ) 23:2, Ct 3:5, 5:7, Ec 12:5, so c. acc. Is 23:16; = make a circuitous march 2 K 3:9 (c. acc. דֶּרֶח).—Vid. also 2 S 5:23, 1 Ch 14:14 Hiph. 2 a. d. surround, encompass, abs. Gn 37:7 (E); c. acc. Jb 40:22; with hostile purpose, 2 K 6:15, Ec 9:14 (both of siege), cf. 2 K 3:25; acc. om. Ju 16:2, cf. 2 S 18:15; c. acc. rei + עַל־ pers. Ju 20:5; c. עַל־ pers. alone Jb 16:13, 2 Ch 18:31; c. אֶל־ pers. 2 K 8:21 = 2 Ch 21:9; oft. fig. in poetry, c. acc. Ho 7:2, 2 S 22:6 = Ps 18:6, Ps 22:13, 22:17, 49:6, 88:18, 118:10, 118:11, 118:11, 118:12; so also Ps 17:11 (Kt סְבָבוּנִי, Qr סְבָבוּנוּ; on text v. esp. Hup-Now); lit. of cord surrounding (measuring circumf. of), c. acc. 1 K 7:15 = Je 52:21, 1 K 7:23 = 2 Ch 4:2; of ornaments, etc., surrounding something (acc.) 1 K 7:24, 2 Ch 4:3; surround one with something (2 acc.) 1 K 5:17, Ps 109:3; acc. + בְּ instr. Ho 12:1; לָעֹפֶל ס׳ 2 Ch 33:14 (i.e. build a wall around it).—1 S 22:22 rd. חַבְתִּי (√ חוּב), LXX SyrVer Th We Dr Kit Bu Löhr HPS. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נָסַב Jos 15:3 +; 3 fs. נָסֵ֫בָּה Ez 26:2 (Ges:§ 67 t St:§ 410 b Kö:i. 342); וְנָֽסְבָה 41:7 (but rd. וְנוֹסְפָה Ew Sm Co Toy:Hpt, cf. Berthol); 3 pl. נָסַ֫בּוּ Gn 19:4 +; Impf. 3 mpl. יִסַּ֫בּוּ Ez 1:9 + 5 t.;—1. a. turn oneself against (עַל־), close round upon (עַל) Gn 19:4 (J) Jos 7:9 (JE); c. acc. Ju 19:22. b. turn round (from a direct course), of wheels Ez 1:9, 1:12, 1:17, 10:11, 10:11, also v:16 (but dub., Co ישׁבו, Toy:Hpt leave, Symm ἀπελείποντο); נָסֵ֫בָּה אֵלַי Ez 26:2 of Jerus. under fig. of door (Sm Co Berthol Toy:Hpt). c. esp. of boundary (Hex only P): turn round from (מִן), toward (לְ) Nu 34:4, + ה loc. Jos 18:14; c. מִן + ה loc. + אֶל־ 15:10; c. מִן alone Nu 34:5; c. ה loc. alone Je 31:39, Jos 15:3, 16:6; circle about, skirt, c. acc. Jos 19:14. 2. pass. be turned over to (לְ), into the power of, Je 6:12. Pi. Inf.cstr. סַבֵּב אֶת־פְּנֵי הַדָּבָר 2 S 14:20 to change, transform, the aspect of the matter. Poï. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְסֹבְבֵנִי Jon 2:4, 2:6, יְסֹבְבֶנְהוּ Dt 32:10, יְסוֹבְבֶנּוּ Ps 32:10; 3 fs. תְּסוֹבֵב Je 31:22, etc.;—encompass, surround (poet. and chiefly late):—1. encompass (with protection), c. acc. Dt 32:10 ( י׳ subj.), c. 2 acc. חֶסֶד יְסוֹבְבֶנּוּ Ps 32:10, cf. v:7 (but 2nd obj. here dub.); similarly נְקֵבָה תְּסוֹבֵב גָּ֑בֶר Je 31:22 i.e. either shall protect (so most) or (Che, cf. Gf) the woman (fig. of Isr.), instead of holding aloof (הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה v:22), will, in the new future which י׳ creates, with affection press round her divine husband. 2. come about, assemble round (acc. pers. י׳) Ps 7:8.

3. march or go about, city (acc.) Ps 55:11, 59:7, 59:15; altar (in solemn procession) 26:6; go about in (בְּ) city Ct 3:2.

4. enclose, envelop, c. acc. pers. Jon 2:4, 2:6 (of waters).

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵסֵב 2 K 16:18 +; 2 ms. הֲסִבֹּ֫תָ 1 K 18:37; 3 pl. הֵסַ֫בּוּ 1 S 5:9, 5:10, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּסֵּב Ex 13:18 +, sf. וַיְסִבֵּ֫נִי Ez 47:2; 3 mpl. וַיַּסֵּ֫בּוּ Ju 18:23 + 2 t.; 1 pl. נָסֵב 2 Ch 14:6, cohort. נָסֵ֫בָּה 1 Ch 13:3; Imv. ms. הָסֵב 2 S 5:23, 1 Ch 14:14 (but v. infr.); fs. הָסֵ֫בִּי Ct 6:5; Inf. cstr. הָסֵב 2 S 3:12, 1 Ch 12:33; Pt. מֵסֵב Je 21:4; perh. also pl. sf. מְסִבָָּי Ps 140:10 (Ginsb);—

1. a. turn (trans.), cause to turn: turn face (acc.) Ju 18:23, 1 K 8:14 = 2 Ch 6:3 (all = turn toward); = turn round face 1 K 21:4, + אֶל־הַקִּיר 2 K 20:2 = Is 38:2; + מִן Ez 7:22 (subj. י׳), 2 Ch 29:6 (of neglect), 35:22 (of avoiding battle); turn away eyes from (מִן), Ct 6:5; turn (back), change heart 1 K 18:37 (recall from apostasy; + אֲחֹרַנִּית), Ezr 6:22 (+ עַל־); turn back, reverse (weapons) Je 21:4. b. bring over (i.e. to allegiance), c. acc. + אֶל־ pers., 2 S 3:12, 1 Ch 12:24 (van d. H. v:23); of י׳, turn over kingdom to (לְ) 1 Ch 10:14 (cf. Qal 1 a, 1 K 2:15). c. turn into, of changing name, 2 acc. 2 K 23:24 = 2 Ch 36:4, 2 K 24:14. d. = bring round, c. acc. 1 S 5:8, 5:9; + מִן 2 S 20:12; + אֶל־ 1 S 5:10, 1 Ch 13:3; + acc. loc. 2 K 16:18 (sense obscure).

2. a. cause to go around: of carrying ark around city (2 acc.) Jos 6:11 (JE; but Qal LXX SyrVer Vulgate); lead round , i.e. by a round-about way, acc. pers. + acc. דֶּרֶח Ex 13:18 (E) Ez 47:2; c. acc. + inf. of purpose 2 Ch 13:13; acc. om., lead round toward (אֶל־) 2 S 5:23, away from (מֵעַל־) ‖ 1 Ch 14:14 (where, however, perh. read as S, so Be Öt, and, in both, סֹב for הָסֵב Dr Kit:Kau Hpt Bu HPS Löhr). b. surround with (acc.) wall, 2 Ch 14:6 (acc. of city om.). c. perh. also encompass (as foe), מְסִבָָּי Ps 140:10 those encompassing me (others sub מֵסַב infr.).

Hoph. Impf. 3 ms. יוּסָָּב Is 28:27; Pt. fpl. cstr. מֻסַבֹּת Ex 28:11, 39:6; מוּסַבֹּת v:13, Nu 32:38 (v. infr.); מוּסַבּוֹת Ez 41:24; —

1. be turned, of cart wheel, c. עַל־ upon, over; מוּסַבּוֹת דְּלָתוֹת Ez 41:24 pt. appar. as gerundive, that can be turned, movable (Ges:§ 116 e; Co rds. חלעות מ׳, cf. Toy:Hpt); שֵׁם מוּס׳ Nu 32:38 turned (i.e. changed) as to name, but gloss, v. Di.

2. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels (pt. cstr.) Ex 28:11, 39:6, 39:13 (all P).

† סִבָּה n. f. turn of affairs;—only abs. הָֽיְתָה סִבָּה מַעִם י׳ 1 K 12:15 it was a turn (an ordering) from י׳ (= נְסִבָּה q. v., in ‖ 2 Ch 10:15).

† סָבִיב:336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about:—cstr. סְבִיב † Am 3:11; pl. cstr. סְבִיבֵי † Je 32:44, 33:13, sf. סְבִיבֶיְ etc. (10 t.), much oftener סְבִיבוֹת Ex 7:24 + 22 t., סְבִיבוֹתַי, תֶיְ-, etc., Dt 17:14, etc. (48 t.):—

1. in sg.:—a. as subst. 1 Ch 11:8 מן־המלוא וְעַד־הַסָּבִיב and to the parts round about. b. as adv. acc. סָבִיב (in) a circuit, i.e. round about, Gn 23:17 בְּכָל־גְּבֻלוֹ סָבִיב Ex 19:12, 25:11, 25:24, 25:25, Lv 1:5, 1:11 עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב, Ju 20:29, 1 K 3:1, 5:11, Ps 3:7 שָׁתוּ עָלָָי אֲשֶׁר ס׳, 12:9, 34:8 + oft.; sometimes doubled, for the sake of emphasis, 2 Ch 4:3, Ez 8:10 ס׳ עַל הַקִּיר ס׳, 37:2, 40:5 and oft. in Ez 40–43. c. as prep.: (a) Psalm Am 3:11 חַר וּסְבִיב הָאָרֶץ distress, and that in the circuit of (= round about) the land (but rd. prob. with SyrVer יְסֹבֵב will encircle). (b) סָבִיב לְ׳ Ex 16:13, 40:33, Nu 1:50, 1:53, 2:2, Ju 7:21, 1 K 6:5, 18:32, 18:35, Ez 41:10, 14:16, Jb 19:12, Ps 34:8, 78:28, 125:2, 125:2 סָבִיב לְעַמּוֹ י׳, 128:3, Ct 3:7, Na 3:8. (c) strangely, סָבִיב אֵת † 1 K 6:5 (om. LXX), Ez 43:17. d. מִסָּבִיב:42, from round about, from every side, Ez 16:33, 16:37, 23:22, 37:21, but usu. (מִן 1 c) = on every side, Je 4:17 הָיוּ עָלֶיהָ מִסָּבִיב, Is 42:25 וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ מ׳, Jo 3:11, 4:12 Psalm מָגוֹר מִסָּבִיב terror on every side ! Je 6:25, 20:3, 20:10, 46:5, 49:29, Ps 31:14, cf. La 2:22; esp. in the Deut. phrases אוֹיְבִים מ׳, or הֵנִיחַ מ׳ (sts. in combin.), as Dt 12:10 והניח לכם מכל־אויביכם מ׳, 25:19, Jos 21:42 לָהֶם מ׳ וַיָּנַח י׳, 23:1, Ju 2:14, 8:34, 1 S 12:11 +; מִסָּבִיב לְ from round about, † Nu 16:24, 16:27.—On 1 S 14:21, 2 S 24:6, Jb 10:8 v. סָבַב.

2. In plur.:—a. † סְבִיבִים: (a) in masc. sense, those round about, Ps 76:12 כָּל־סְבִיבָיו יֹבִילוּ שַׁי, 89:8, Je 48:17, 48:39. (b) in neuter sense, the parts round about, Je 49:5 מִכָּל־סְבִיבָָיִךְ, בִּסְבִיבֵי ירושׁלם 32:44, 33:13; 21:14 וְאָֽכְלָה כָּל־סְבִיבֶיהָ, 46:14; with the force of a perp., Ps 50:3 וסביביו נשׂערה מאד, 97:2, La 1:17. b. סְבִיבוֹת (a) as subst. (α) circuits, Ec 1:6 ועל סביבותיו שָׁב הָרוּחַ; (β) the parts round about, Nu 22:4 ילחכו הקהל את־כל־סְבִיבֹתֵינוּ, Je 17:26, 50:32 (cf. 21:14 supr.); with ref. to their inhabitants, Ps 44:19 = 79:4 לעג וקלס לסב׳, Ez 16:57, 28:24, Dn 19:16. (b) with the force a prep. Ex 7:24 סְבִיבֹת הַיְאֹר lit. (in) the circuits of the Nile = round about the Nile, Nu 11:24, 11:31, 11:32, 35:2 סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם, Ju 7:18, 1 S 26:5, 26:7, 2 K 6:17 סביבֹת אלישׁע, Ps 18:12, 27:6 על אֹיְבַי סביבותי, etc.; oft. idiom. preceded by אשׁר, as Gn 33:5 הערים אשׁר סביבותיהם 41:48, Lv 25:44, Nu 16:34, Dt 6:14, 13:8, 17:14, 21:2 +. In the same sense מִסְּבִיבוֹתָם † Ez 28:26.

† מֵסַב n.[m.] that which surrounds, or is round;—

1. a. pl. surrounding places, מְסִבֵּי יְרוּשׁ׳ 2 K 23:5 places round about Jerus. b. as adv. מֵסַב round about 1 K 6:29; fpl. מְסִבּוֹת on all sides, in all directions, Jb 37:12 (of cloud Di < of lightning Bu Du).

2. sf. מְסִבּוֹ Ct 1:12 dub.: round table Ew De; cushion, divan Bae Kau; cf. on all these Bu.—מְסִבָָּי Ps 140:10 v. סבב Hiph. p. 686

† [מוּסָב] n. m. encompassing, surrounding (?);—only cstr. מוּסַב הַבַּיִת Ez 41:7 the encompassing of the house, but mng. wholly obscure; …מוּסַף enlargement Ew Berthol Toy:Hpt after LXX; Co del. clause as dittogr. Niph. p. 686

† נְסִבָּה n. f. turn of affairs;—abs. 2 Ch 10:15 (= סִבָּה q. v. ‖ 1 K 12:15).

† [סָבַךְ] vb. interweave (‖ form to שׂבך q. v.);—Qal Pt. pass. pl. סִירִים סְבֻכִים Na 1:10 interwoven (entangled) thorns (cf. Da); Gunkel:ZAW xiii (1893), 235 prop. (after LXX Targum Vollers) כְּסוּחִים i.e. cut off, away (Is 33:12) cf. Now; text very dub. Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. עַל־גַּל שָׁרָשָׁיו יְסֻבָָּכוּ Jb 8:17 are interwoven (in a tangled mass).

† סְבַךְ n.[m.] thicket;—abs. בַּסְּבַח (נֶאֱחַז) Gn 22:13 (so Ginsb; Baer בַּסֲבַח, van d. H. כַּסְּבָךְ) a ram caught in the thicket by its horns; pl. cstr. סִֽבְכֵי הַיַּעַר Is 9:17 thickets of the forest, 10:34.

† [סְבֹךְ] n.[m.] id.;—cstr. בִּֽסֲבָח־עֵץ Ps 74:5 in the thicket of trees; sf. מִסֻּבְּכוֹ Je 4:7 (abode of lion; on בְּ v. Ges:§ 20 h; on —ֻ Kö:ii. 1, 512).

† סִבְּכַי n. pr. m. a captain of David; LXX Σοβοχαι, etc.; 2 S 21:18 = 1 Ch 20:4, 1 Ch 11:29 + ‖ 2 S 23:27 where rd. ס׳ for MT מְבֻנַּי Th We Dr Klo Bu Kit Löhr cf. HPS (B ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν, but LXXL Σαβενι); also 1 Ch 27:11.

† [סָבַל] vb. bear a heavy load (NH id.; Ar. סְבַל ܣܒܰܠ id.; cf. also sub זבל p. 259 b supr.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. סְבָלָם Is 53:4; 1 pl. סָבָָלְנוּ La 5:7; —Impf. 3 ms. יִסְבֹּל Is 53:11; 1 S. אֶסְבֹּל 46:4; 3 mpl. sf. יִסְבְּלֻהוּ 46:7; Inf. cstr. לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15; —bear a load, וַיֵּט שִׁכְמוֹ לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15 (poem in J; of Issachar under fig. of ass); of carrying an idol Is 46:7; of י׳ carrying Isr. v:4, v:4; servant of י׳ carrying load of pain 53:4 and guilt v:11; Isr. bearing iniquities of fathers La 5:7. Pu. Pt. pl. מְסֻבָּלִים laden, Ps 144:14 (i.e. pregnant Ges Hi Ew Hup-Now Che al.; perh. better, token of abundant harvest, so many, v. esp. Bae). Hithp. Impf. וְיִסְתַּכֵּל הֶחָגָב Ec 12:5 drag oneself along, as a burden (v. חָגָב).

† סֵ֫בֶל n.[m.] load, burden;—abs. Ne 4:11, Ps 81:7 (enforced burden); cstr. id., = burdensome labour (of corvêe) 1 K 11:28.—Vid. also סַבָּל. p. 688

† [סֹ֫בֶל] n. m.:Is 10:27 burden (always fig. of burden of tyranny);—only sf. סֻבְּלוֹ, Is 10:27 (v. reff. on סֻבְּכוֹ, [סְבֹךְ]), עֹל ס׳ 9:3, 14:25 (in all conceived as burden resting on shoulders).

† סַבָּל n.[m.] burden-bearer, (late);—only abs. ס׳ coll. Ne 4:4, 2 Ch 2:1, 2:17; mpl. abs. סַבָּלִים 2 Ch 34:13; —נשֵֹׁא סַבָּל 1 K 5:29 is certainly wrong; LXX αἴροντες ἄρσιν, Vulgate qui onera portabant, hence prob. נשֵֹׁא סֵ֫בֶל; > אִישׁ סַבָּל, as ‖ 2 Ch 2:1.

† [סִבְלָה] n. f. burden;—pl. cstr. סִבְלֽת מִחְרַיִם Ex 6:6 (P), of the heavy labours imposed on Isr. by Egypt., v:7; sf. סִבְלֽתֵיכֶם 5:4 (J), סִבְלֽתָם 1:11, 5:5 (both J), 2:11 (E); (cf. Ps 81:7, סֵבֶל).

† סִבֹּ֫לֶת n. f. prob. ear of wheat, etc., only Ju 12:6 dial. form of II. שִׁבֹּלֶת q. v. (> = late wd. שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת tide, flood); cf. Marquardt:ZAW viii (1888), 151 ff. but also GFM Bu.

† סִבְרַ֫יִם n. pr. loc. city between the border of Damascus and that of Hamath Ez 47:16; identif. by v. Kasteren:Revue Bibl. Internat. 1895, 23 ff. with Khirbet Sanbariye on the river Ḥâṣbâni, SW. of Hermon, cf. Buhl:Geogr. 67, 238, but this appar. too far SW.; LXX Σεβραμ, A Σεφραμ. A city ŠabaraÕ’in is named in Bab. Chron.:i. 28 (Schr:KB ii. 276); but location not given.

† סַבְתָּה, סַבְתָּא n. pr. gent. 3rd ‘ son ’ of Cush acc. to Gn 10:7 (ה—ָ), = 1 Ch 1:9 (א—ָ); identif. with Σαββαθα [Periplus maris Erythr.:27], Σαυβαθα Ptol:vi. 7, 38, or Σαβατα [Strabo:xvi. 42], Sabota [Plin:NH vi. § 155, xii. 63], old commercial city of S. Arabia, by Tuch Ku, but this = Sab. שבות (not ס׳) Levy-Os:ZMG xix (1865), 253; xx (1866), 273, cf. Hal:JAS 7, iv. 525; Glaser:Skizze ii. 252 f. prop. Σαφθα (Ptol:vi. 7, 30), near W. shore of Pers. Gulf; LXX Σαβαθα, Σαβατα, Σεβαθα. All uncertain conjectures.

† סַבְתְּכָא n. pr. gent. 5th ‘ son ’ of Cush acc. to Gn 10:7 = 1 Ch 1:9 (ה—ָ acc. to Baer; א—ָ, as Gn, van d. H. Ginsb); location quite unknown; SyrVer Σαβακαθα, Σεβεκαθα.

† [סָגַד] vb. prostrate oneself in worship (only Is 44, 46) (perh. Aram. loan-word in Heb., cf. Nö:ZMG xli (1887), 719; Aram. סְגֵב, ܣܓܶܕ, so OAram. סגד, ܣܓܕܐ (Sachau) Lzb:328; Eth. sgad: all id.; Ar. سَجَدَ be lowly, submissive, prostrate oneself in prayer, etc., مَسْجِدُ mosque, Nab. מסגדא shrine (?) Lzb:152. 328, Syr. ܡܰܣܓܕܳܐ = Ar.; cf. We:Skizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִסְגּוֹד לוֹ Is 44:17 Kt he prostrateth himself to it (an idol; Qr יִסְגָּד־לוֹ; + יִשְׁתַּחוּ, יִתְפַּלֵּל); וַיִּסְגָּד־לָָמוֹ v:15 (‖וַיִּשְׁתָָּחוּ); 1 S. לְבוּל עֵץ אֶסְגּוֹד v:19; 3 mpl. יִסְגְּדוּ אַף־יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ 46:6 (abs.).—Cf. BAram. סְגִד.

סִגִים, סִגִּים v. סִיג sub I. סוג. p. 691

סגל (√ of foll.; cf. NH סְגוּלָּה as BH; סִגֵּל acquire property; Aram. סְגוּלָא, ܣܓܽܘܠܳܐ, bunch of grapes, As. sugullâtê, herds; also Ar. سَجَلَ [a full bucket, bucketful], share, portion).

† סְגֻלָּה n. f. possession, property (on format. v. Ba:NB § 95 b Kö:ii. 1, 168);—abs. ס׳ Ex 19:5 + 5 t.; cstr. סְגֻלַּת Ec 2:8; sf. סְגֻלָּתוֹ Ps 135:4; —

1. valued property, peculiar treasure, which י׳ has chosen (בחר) and taken to himself; always of people of Israel, first Ex 19:5 (E; LXX λαὸς περιούσιος = Tit 2:14; 1 Pet 2:9 λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν = περιποίησις Eph 1:14 cf. Br:MP 102; MA 52, 235); then עַם ס׳ Dt 7:6, 14:2, 26:18; later ס׳ alone, Mal 3:17, Ps 135:4.

2. treasure (very late), of kings 1 Ch 29:3 (gold and silver), Ec 2:8.

† [סָגָן, סֶ֫גֶן] n. m. prefect, ruler (loan-word fr. As. šaknu, prefect of conquered city or province (√ šakânu, set, appoint Dl:HWB 659, cf. Schr:COT Is 41, 25; appar. = NH סָגָן, סֶגֶן, Aram. סִגְנָא a superior (not high) priest; Mand. אשגאנדא WBrandt:Mand. Schriften 169 a candidate for priesthood; cf. Jen in Brandt:ib.; hence perh. Gk. ζωγάνης, cf. Lewy:Fremdw. 129);—only pl. סְגָנִים Ez 23:6 + 14 t.; sf. סְגָנֶיהָ Je 51:57 + v:58 (where rd. prob. סְגָנָיו LXX Gie);—

1. prefects of Assyr. and Bab. Ez 23:6, 23:12, 23:23, Je 51:23, 51:57 (all + פַּחוֹת), Is 41:25, of king of Medes Je 51:28 (+ פַּחוֹת).

2. petty rulers, officials of Judah (only Ne Ezr in sources): disting. from חֹרִים nobles Ne 2:16, 4:8, 4:13, 5:7, 7:5; alone, 2:16, 12:40, 13:11; + יְהוּדִים 5:17 (v. also 2:16); + שָׂרִים Ezr 9:2. Cf. BAram. סְגַן.

I. סָגַר vb. shut, close (NH id., Aram. סְגַר, ܣܓܰܪ id.; Zinj. מסגרת prison Lzb:328; Ph. סגר Pi. or Hiph. deliver over; poss. Eth. 3agar4t: (prison) guard Prä:BAS i. 371);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Gn 19:6 +, 3 pl. סָֽגְרוּ 2 Ch 29:7, סָֽגְרָוּ Ps 17:10 (cf. Baer's n., Ges:§ 29 o Kö:ii, 1, 535 Anm.), סָגָרָוּ Gn 19:10, Jos 2:7; Impf. יִסְגֹּר Jb 12:14, Mal 1:10, 1 pl. cohort. נִסְגְּרָה Ne 6:10, etc.; Imv. ms. סְגֹר Ps 35:3, Is 26:20 (וּסֲגֹר Baer Ginsb), mpl. סִגְרוּ 2 K 6:32; Inf. cstr. לִסְגּוֹר Jos 2:5; Pt. act. סֹגֵר Is 22:22; f. סֹגֶּרֶת Jos 6:1 (but v. infr.); pass. סָגוּר 1 K 6:20 + 12 t.;—

1. shut door (דֶּלֶת) Gn 19:10 (J) 2 K 6:32, Mal 1:10, Ne 6:10, 2 Ch 28:24, 29:7; gate (שַׁעַר) Jos 2:7 (JE) Ez 46:12, cf. 44:1, 44:2, 44:2, 46:1, לִסְגֹּר וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ Jos 2:5 (JE), also (שַׁעַר om.) Jos 6:1 (si vera 1.; סֹגֶרֶת dittogr. acc. to Buhl:Lex 13); door after one (אַחֲרֵי), on leaving room Gn 19:6 (J); upon, behind, oneself, from within (בְּעַד q.v.) 2 K 4:4, 4:5, 4:33, Is 26:20 (fig.), also (דֶּלֶת om.) Ju 9:51, 2 K 4:21; c. דֶּלֶת + בְּעַד upon one left inside Ju 3:23, and (דֶּלֶת om.) Gn 7:16 (J); fig. דַּלְתֵי בִטְנִי ס׳ Jb 3:10, cf. רַחְמָהּ ס׳ 1 S 1:5, בְּעַד ס׳ רַחְמָהּ v:6; abs. shut (opp. פָּתַח) Is 22:22, 22:22; metaph. חֶלְבָּמוֹ ס׳ Ps 17:10 their fat (i.e. gross, unreceptive heart) they have closed.

2. a. close in upon (בְּעַד) Ju 3:22 (fat upon blade of sword), so poss. also וַיִּסְגֹּר בָּשָׂר תַּחְתֶּנָּה Gn 2:21 (J) and flesh closed in, in place of it (usu. and he closed flesh, i.e. closed the gap with flesh); עֲלֵיהֶם הַמִּדְבָּר ס׳ Ex 14:3 the wilderness hath closed in upon them; obj. om., יִסְגֹּר עַל־אִישׁ Jb 12:14 he closeth in upon a man, fig. of imprisonment. b. close up breach (פֶּרֶץ) [in wall] of city 1 K 11:27; poss. close up [path] (si vera 1.) Ps 35:3 Vrss Ol De Bae; JDMich DeW Ew Hup-Now Che take סְגֹר here as weapon, usu. battle-axe [Gk. σάγαρις] of Massagetae Herod:i. 215 cf. Lag:Ges. Abh. 203, also Egypt. sagartă (loan-word) Bondi:55; both improb., text prob. corrupt; Schwally:ZAW xi (1891), 258 reads חֲגֹר > Hal:Rev. Sêm. iii (1894), 47 עוּרָה (cf. Ps 59:5).

3. Pt. pass., closed up = closely joined with tight seal, Jb 41:7 (of scales of crocodile).

4. elsewhere only Pt. pass. in זָהָב סָגוּר (gold shut up, and so prized, rare, fine ?), only of temple adornment and utensils 1 K 6:20, 6:21, 7:49, 7:50, 10:21 = 1 Ch 9:20, 1 Ch 4:20; 4:22; perh. read סָגוּר (abbrev. for ס׳ ז׳) Jb 28:15 (for MT סְגוֹר, so Hoffm Bu Du): cf. As. ḫurâṣu sakru, Dl:HWB 499.

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִסְגַּר 1 S 23:7; Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּגֵר Ez 46:2; 3 fs. juss. תִּסָּגֵר Nu 12:14, וַתִּסָּגֵר v:15; 3 mpl. יִסָּנֵרָוּ Is 45:1, 60:11, וַיִּסָּֽגְרוּ Ne 13:19; Imv. ms. הִסָּגֵר Ez 3:24; —1. subj. pers. be shut up [in city] 1 S 23:7, מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Nu 12:14, 12:15 (E); בְּתוֹךְ בַּיִת Ez 3:24. 2. be shut, closed, of city gates Ez 46:2, Is 45:1, 60:11 and (דלתות) Ne 13:19.

Pi. Pf. 3 ms. סִגַּר 1 S 26:8, 2 S 18:28; sf. סִגְּרַנִי 1 S 24:19; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְסַגֶּרְךָָ 1 S 17:46; —; deliver up to (leave no other opening for one, shut one up to), cf. [מָגַן], מִגֵּן, p. 171 b supr.), only S: c. acc. pers. + בְּיַד 1 S 17:46, 24:19, 26:8; בְּיַד om. 2 S 18:28 (v. also Hiph.). p. 698 Pu. Pf. 3 ms. סֻגַּר Is 24:10; 3 pl. סֻגְּרוּ Je 13:19, וְסֻגְּרוּ consec. Is 24:22; Pt. f. מְסֻגֶּ֫רֶת Jos 6:1; —be shut up: 1. of cities Je 13:19 (opp. פָּתַח), of beleaguered city Jos 6:1 (JE), of houses Is 24:10 (+ מִבּוֹא). 2. of prisoners עַל־מַסְגֵּר Is 24:22 = down into a dungeon. 3. of doors Ec 12:14.

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִסְגִּיר Lv 14:46 +; 2 ms. sf. הִסְגַּרְתַּ֫נִי Ps 31:9; 1 S. וְהִסְגַּרְתִּ֫י Am 6:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַסְגִּיר Jb 11:10, וַיַּסְגֵּר Ps 78:48, 78:62; 2 ms. תַּסְגִּר Dt 23:16, juss. תַּסְגֵּר Ob:14, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַסְגִּיר Am 1:6, sf. הַסְגִּירוֹ 1 S 23:20, הַסְגִּירָם Am 1:9; —1. deliver up to (cf. Pi.), c. acc. pers. + בְּיַד 1 S 23:11, 23:12, 23:20, 30:15, Jos 20:5 (D) Ps 31:9; + לְ Am 1:9, Ps 78:50, 78:62, and (acc. pers. om.) Am 1:6; + אֶל־ Dt 23:16, Jb 16:11; c. acc. of animal + לְ Ps 78:48; c. acc. pers. alone Dt 32:30, Ob:14, acc. om. 1 S 23:12; c. acc. urb. alone Am 6:8. 2. shut up (late; chiefly Lv 13, 14, P): a. c. acc. pers. Lv 13:5, 13:11, 13:21, 13:26 cf. v:4, v:31, v:33, so (abs.) = imprison Jb 11:10; c. acc. rei Lv 13:54 cf. v:50. b. c. acc. הַבַּיִת Lv 14:38 and (indef. subj.) v:46.

† סְגוֹר n.[m.] enclosure, encasement;—cstr. סְגוֹר לִבָּם Ho 13:8 the encasement of their heart (pericardium; i.e. their vitals).—סְגוֹר Jb 28:15 must = fine gold, si vera l., but v. סגר, Qal. ad fin.; סְגֹר Ps 35:3 v. id., Qal 2 b.

† סוּגַר n.[m.] cage, prison (poss. loan-word from As. sûigaru, cage (Ba:NB 22); NH סוּגָר dog-collar or chain = Syr. ܣܽܘܓܪܳܐ (clog of) dog-collar; whence Ar. سَاجُورُ dog-collar (as loan-word), Frä:114 Prä:BAS i. 372);—וַיִּתְּנֻהוּ בַסּוּגַר Ez 19:9 and they put him into a cage.

† מַסְגֵּר n.[m.] 1. locksmith, smith. 2. dungeon:—alw. abs.:

1. coll. smiths, וְכָל־הֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמּ׳ 2 K 24:14 cf. v:16, Je 24:1, 29:2.

2. dungeon Is 24:22 (cf. סגר Pu.); fig. of exile 42:7 (הוֹחִיא מִמּ׳); נַפְשִׁי הוֹחִיאָה מִמּ׳ Ps 142:8.

† מִסְגֶּ֫רֶת n.f. 1. border, rim. 2. fastness;—abs. מ׳ Ex 25:27, 37:14; cstr. מ׳ 25:25, 37:12; sf. מִסְגַּרְתּוֹ 25:25; 37:12; pl. abs. מִסְגְּרוֹת 1 K 7:28 +; sf. מִסְגְּרֹתֶיהָ v:35, v:36, etc.;—

1. border, rim (enclosure), of sacred table in tabern. Ex 25:25, 25:25, 25:27 = 37:12, 37:12, 37:14; of bases of the sea, in temple 1 K 7:28, 7:28, 7:29, 7:31, 7:32, 7:35, 7:36 (cf. Benz), also 2 K 16:17.

2. fastness, וְיַחְרְגוּ מִמּ׳ Ps 18:46 = 2 S 22:46 (v. חרג) and they shall come quaking out of their fastnesses, so Mi 7:17 (יִרְגְּזוּ, like reptiles), all of nations, in awe of י׳.

II. סגר (√ of foll.; cf. appar. Ar. سَجَرَ fill with water Lane:1308, سَاجِرُ torrent that fills everything Id:ib.; Syr. ܣܰܓܪܳܐ imber vehemens, and Sam. אַסְגָּר, cf. Gei:Nachgel. Schr. iv. 186).

† סַגְּרִיר n.[m.] steady, persistent rain (on format. cf. Ba:NB 215);—abs. יוֹם ס׳ Pr 27:15 a day of steady rain, rainy day.

† סַד n.[m.] stocks, for confining feet of culprits (prob. loan-word fr. Aram. סַדָּא, סַדָּנָא ܣܰܕܳܐ; NH סַד, pl. סַדִּין); = Lat. nervus, Gk. ποδοκάκη;—abs. רַגְלַיִםשִׂים בַּמּ׳ Jb 13:27 (LXX κώλύμα), 33:11 (SyrVer ξύλό); (cf. syn. מַהְפֶּכֶת, and Gk. equiv. there cited).

סְדֹּם:39 n.pr.loc. Sodom, important Canaanitish city named (usu.) with Gomorrha (עֲמֹרָה, q.v.);—LXX Ζόδομα (inflected Ζοδόμώ, Ζοδομοισ ):—ס׳ (on format. cf. Lag:BN 54), Gn 13:10, 13:12, 13:13 + 7 t. Gn 18, 19, + מְדֹ֫מָה (ה loc.) Gn 10:19, 18:22, 19:1 (all J), + 8 t. Gn 14; fr. 8th cent. onwards, used as illustrating י׳'s judgments, Am 4:11, Is 1:9, 13:19, Dt 29:22, Je 49:18, 50:40, Zp 2:9, La 4:6; as proverbial for open sin Is 3:9, Je 23:14 so metaph. קְחִינֵי ס׳ Is 1:10 (i.e. rulers as corrupt as in Sodom), גֶּפֶּן ס׳ Dt 32:32 (i.e. wickedness like Sodom's); Judah cp. with ס׳ to her disadvantage Ez 16:46, 16:48, 16:49, 16:53, 16:55, 16:56. Site prob. at S. end of Dead Sea, where are now Jebel Usdum (SW.), and Zoar (SE.) cf. Di:Gn 19, 20 ff. Rob:BR ii. 187 ff. GASm:Geogr. 505 ff. Blankenhorn:ZPV xix (1896), 53 ff Bd:Pal. 3, 146 Buhl:Geogr. 117, 271, 274. Vid. also שִׂדִּים.

† סָדִין n.[m.] linen wrapper (perh. foreign word; cf. As. sudinnu Dl:HWB 490, a garment; NH סָדִין, Targum סְדִינָא, Syr. ܣܕܝܢ, ܣܕܝܢܐ (rare) Mk 15:46; > cf. Ar. سِدْنُ, سَدِينُ veil, saddle-cover (v. Lane:1335), or ܣܶܕܽܘܢܳܐ, Gk. [and LXX] σινδών, cf. Frä:48 Lewy:Fremdw. 85);—abs. ס׳ Pr 31:24; pl. סְדִינִים Ju 14:12, 14:13, Is 3:28;—wrapper or rectangular piece of fine linen, worn as outer, or (at night) as sole garment (cf. GFM:Ju 14, 12), + חֲלִפֹּת בְּגָדִים Ju 14:12, 14:13, in list of women's finery Is 3:23, made and sold by the capable woman Pr 31:24.

סדר (√ of foll.; cf. As. sadâru, arrange in order, sidru, sidirtu, row, battle-line; NH סָדַר arrange, order, Aram. סְדַר, ܣܕܰܪ, all c. deriv.).

† [סֵ֫דֶר] n.[m.] arrangement, order (on vocaliz. cf. As. sidru, sidirtu, and Ba:NB § 77 c); - only pl. לאֹ סְדָרִים Jb 10:22 = disorder, confusion, of the dark underworld.

† [שְׂדֵרָה] n.f. 1. row, rank of soldiers in line. 2. architectural term. (prob. for סְדֵרָה, v. supr. and cf. Ba:§ 92 a);—only pl. abs. שְׂדֵרוֹת 2 K 11:8, 2 Ch 23:14, רֹת- 1 K 6:9, 2 K 11:15; —

1. rows, ranks, 2 K 11:8, and v:15 = 2 Ch 23:14 (where thought to be gloss by Benz, on account of מִבַּיִת, within).

2. term. techn. of building, גֵּבִים וּשְׂדֵרֹת בָּאֲרָוִים 1 K 6:9, meaning unknown.

† [מִסְדְּרוֹן] n.[m.] porch, colonnade? (place of a row (of pillars) ?);—only c., ה loc.: וַיֵּחֵא אֵהוּד הַמִּסְדְּרָוֹנָה Ju 3:23 precise meaning dub., cf. GFM.

סהר (√ of foll. = be round?; cf. NH סַ֫הַר a round place; As. sîru, enclosing wall; also Ph. סהרו n.pr.loc.).

† סַ֫הַר n.[m.] roundness;—אַגַּן הַמּ׳ Ct 7:3 a bowl of roundness = a round bowl (in sim.).

† סֹ֫הַר n.[m.] roundness (?);—only in בֵּית הַמּ׳ Gn 39:20, 39:20, 39:21, 39:22, 39:23 (all J), 40:3, 40:5 (R:J), the round house (name of a prison: but ס׳ perh. an Egypt. word Hebraized, cf. Dr in Hastings:DB ii.768 n. and Eb :Äg. M. 318 f.).

† סוֹא n.pr.m. (LXX Ζηγωρ, A Ζωα, LXXL Αδραμελεξ τὸν Αἰθίοπα τὸν κατοικοῦντα ἔ Αἰγύπτῳ (!); Jos:Ant. ix. 14, 1 Ζωαν; Vulgate Sua; all acc.), called מֶלֶח מִחְרַיִם 2 K 17:4, with whom Hoshea had intrigue; poss.= Šab-Õ’-ê, or Sib-Õ’-ê mentioned by Sargon (KB:ii.54.1.25.26 COT:ad loc.) as a ruler (appar.) under Pir‚’u king of Muṣuri; hence Schr:COT l. c. prop. to rd. סֶוֶא, and, further, identify. Šab-Õ’-ê = סֶוֶא with Sûabaku, founder of 25th (Ethiop.) dynasty, cf. Wied:Äg. Gesch. 583 f.; very uncertain is Wkl's conj. of סוא = Sib-Õ’-ê as general of kg. Pir‚’u of Muṣri in N Arab. (Wkl:MVG 1898, 3 ff.).

I. [סוּג, seldom שׂוּג] vb. move away, backslide (שׂ׳ erron.; Ar. (سوج), سَاجَ go and come Lane:1459, سَوْجَانُ abitus et adventus Frey (Kam));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. סָג Ps 53:4; Impf. 1 pl. נָסוֹג Ps 80:19; Pt. act. cstr. סוּג Pr 14:14 (Ba:NB § 124c Ges:§§ 50 f, 72 p);—backslide, prove recreant to י׳, c. מִן Ps 80:19; so abs. 53:4; סוּג לֵב Pr 14:14 a backslider in heart. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נָסוֹג Ps 44:19, נָשׂוֹג 2 S 1:20 (שׂ for ס); 1 S. נְסוּגֹּ֫תִי Is 50:5; 3 pl. נָסֹ֫גוּ Is 42:17, Je 38:22; Impf. 3 ms. יִסַּג Mi 2:6 (Ges:§ 72 dd, but v. infr.); 3 mpl. יִמֹּ֫גוּ Ps 35:4 + 3 t., וַיִּסֹּ֫גוּ Ps 78:57; Inf. abs. נָסוֹג Is 59:13; Pt. pl. נְסוֹגִים Zp 1:6, Je 46:5; —

1. refl. turn oneself away, turn back : a. lit. of Jonathan's bow 2 S 1:22, c. מִן (v. HPS). b. fig. = prove faithless (as Qal): (1) of human friends, אָחוֹר נס׳ Je 38:22 (abs.); usu. (2) מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ נס׳ Zp 1:6 cf. Is 59:13; so abs. Ps 78:57 (+ בָּגַד), c. אָחוֹר Is 50:5 (‖מָרִיתִי), Ps 44:19 (‖נָטָה מִן).—לאֹ יִסַּג כְּלִמּוֹת Mi 2:6 could mean reproaches do not depart, i.e. cease (Hi-St Che GASm Now RV); Now prop. also (emending foll. v.) shall not disgrace depart from Jacob's house ? Buhl:Lex 13 conj., plausibly, יַשִּׂיג (√ נשׂג) disgrace shall not overtake us.

2. be truned or driven back, be repulsed, of נ׳'s foes: + אָחוֹד Je 46:5, Is 42:17, Ps 35:4, 40:15 = 70:3, 129:5. Hiph. 1. usu. of displacing, moving back a boundary mark (גְּבוּ), Impf. 2 ms. תַּסִּיג Dt 19:14, juss. תַּסֵג Pr 22:10; 3 mpl. יַשִּׂיגוּ Jb 24:2 (שׂ for ס); Pt. מַסִּיג ג׳ Dt 27:17, מַסִּיגֵי ג׳ Ho 5:10. 2. remove carry away, valuables, to rescue them, juss., 2 ms. תַּסֵּג Mi 6:14 si vera l. (on synt.v. Dr:§§ 152, 1. 2; 155 Obs.) Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהֻסַּג אָחוֹר מִשְׁפָּט Is 59:14 and justice is driven back (‖חְדָקָה מֵרָחוֹק תַּעֲמֹד).

סוג Ez 22:18 v. following.

† סִיג, שִׂיג n.[m.] 1. a moving back or away; 2. dross (what is removed from metal);—abs. סִיג Ez 22:18 Qr (סוג Kt), שִׂיג 1 K 18:27 (שׂ for ס, but v. infr.); pl. סִיגִים (van d. H. סִגִּים) Is 1:22 + 3 t.; סִגִַים Ez 22:18 + 2 t.; sf. סִיגָ֑יְִ Is 1:25; —

1. a moving back, away: שִׂיג לוֹ 1 K 18:27 there is a moving back to him = he has moved back, away (prob. of temporary withdrawal, diff. from דֶּרֶח journey).

2. dross, usu. of silver Pr 25:4 (מִכָָּסֶף), 26:23 (כֶּסֶף ס׳), so (fig. of Isr.) Is 1:22 cf. v.25, Ez 22:18 b (סִיגִים כֶּסֶף MT, בְּתוֹח ס׳ כ׳ LXX Co Berthol;—Co del. ס׳ not so Berthol Toy), cf. v:18 a, v:19; indef. Ps 119:119.

† II. [סוּג, שׂוּג] v.b. fence about (Aram. word; ܣܘܓ, ܣܳܓ sepsit, circumsepsit, clausit, ܣܳܓܳܐ sepes, cf. Targum סיג Pa. fence about, סְיָיגָא fence; NH סוג fence about; Ar. سِيَاجُ enclosure made with thorns, etc., around grape-vines, etc. Lane:1460, سوّج II. make a سِيَاجُ;—only Qal Pt. pass. f. בִּטְנֵח עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים סוּגָה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּים Ct 7:3 thy body a help of wheat fenced about with lilies (cf. esp. De Bu). Pilp. intens. Impf. 2 fs. תְּשַׂגְַשֵָׂגִי Is 17:11 thou dost fence it carefully about (> make it grow, as if שׂוג = שׂגךְ, AE Ki Brd Du).

סוד (√ of foll.; perh. kindred with יסד (cf. יסד Niph.), v. Kö:ii. 1, 49; Ecclus 42:12 Hithp. הִסְתַּוִּיִד (marg. הסתיד) converse, is perh. denom.; Syr.ܣܽܘܕܳܐ, ܣܽܘܳܕ friendly, confidential speech, ὁμιλία, ܐܶܣܬܰܘܰܕ = ὁμιλεῖν; Sab. מסוד place of speaker, oracle, Hom:ZMG xlvi (1892), 529, who finds connexion with سَيِّدُ lord, chief (and سَادَ be be lord), properly speaker; NH = BH).

† סוֹד n.[m.] council, counsel;—ס׳ abs. Pr 11:13 +; cstr. Je 6:11 +; sf. סוֹדִי Je 23:22, Jb 19:19; סוֹדוֹ Am 3:7, Pr 3:32; סֹדָם Gn 49:6; —

1. council, in familiar conversation;—a. divan or circle of familiar friends, בַּחוּרִים ס׳ Je 6:11, משׂחקים מ׳ 15:17; מְתֵי סוֹחִ׳ Jb 19:19 men of my intimate circle; (י׳)עמד בסוד Je 23:18, 23:22 in the intimate circle of י׳; בסוד אלוה Jb 15:8; in bad sense, מְרֵעִים ס׳ Ps 64:3. b. assembly, company, יְשָׁרִים ס׳ Ps 111:1 (‖עֵדָה; סוֹד עמי Ez 13:9; קדשׁים ס׳ Ps 89:8 (of angels); in bad sense, בסוד בא Gn 49:6 (‖קהל).

2. counsel, taken by those in familiar conversation: a. counsel itself, מחשׁבות באין סוד Pr 15:22 thoughts without counsel; of intimate friendship, Ps 55:15 נַמְתִּיק סוֹד; in bad sense, of crafty plotting 83:4 יַעֲרִימוּ סוֹד b. secret counsel, which may be revealed (גלה), Am 3:7, Pr 11:13, 20:19, 25:9. c. familiar converse with God, intimacy, י׳ ליראיו ס׳ Ps 25:14 intimacy with י׳ have those who fear him (‖ברית), את־ישׁרים סודוֹ Pr 3:32 with the upright is his intimacy; here also Jb 29:4 (si vera l.) Di De al.; Siegf Du cf. Buhl:Lex בְּסֹח when Eloah sheltered my tent.

† סוֹדִי n. pr. m a Zebulunite Nu 13:10 (= …סוֹדִיָּה intimacy of Yah);—LXX Σουδ(ε)ι.—Vid also בְּסוֹדְיָה p. 126 supr.

סוה (√ of foll.; cf. Ph. סוית curtain, veil ? Bloch:46 Lzb:328).

† [סוּת] n.[m.] vesture (NH, but dub.; v. Levy:s. v.);—sf. 3 ms. סוּתֹה Gn 49:11 (poem in J; ‖לְבֻשׁוֹ).

† מַסְוֶה n.[m.] veil;—abs. עַל־פָּנָיו מ׳ Ex 34:33 cf.v:34, v:35 (P).

סוח (√ of following; = סחה q.v.). p.695

† סוּחָה n.f. offal;—abs. in sim. נִבְלָתָם כַּסּוּחָה בְּקֶרֶבּ חוּחוֹת Is 5:25.

† סוּחַ n.pr.m. an Asherite 1 Ch 7:36; LXX Ξουχι, A LXXL Σουε.

† סוֹטַי, סֹטַיַ n.pr.m; בְּנֵי־סֹטַי among returned captives Ezr 2:55 = בְּנֵי סוֹטַי Ne 7:57 LXX Σατει, Σουτει, LXXL Σωται.

†I.. [סוּךְ, סִיח vb. pour in anointing, anoint (NH Aram. סוּךְ anoint);—Qal Pf. 2 fs. וָסַכְתְּ consec. Ru 3:3; 1 s. סָָכְתִּי Dn 10:3; Impf. 2 ms. תָּסוּח Dt. 28:40, Mi 6:15; 2 fs. תָּסוּכִי 2 S 14:2; 1 S. sf. וָאֲסֻכֵַח Ez 16:9; 3 mpl. sf. וַיְסֻכוּם 2 Ch 28:15; also (prob.) 3 ms. וַ֫יָּסֶח 2 S 12:20 (Ges:§ 73 f.); Inf. abs. סוֹח Dn 10:3; appar. Impf. pass. is יִיסָ֔ח rd. יוסך Sam., cf. Kö:i. 436 (and not Hoph., cf. Ges:l.c.);—anoint, in the toilet, oft. after washing; usu.

1. refl. anoint oneself, 2 S 12:20, Ru 3:3, סוֹח לאֹ־סָָכְתִּי Dn 10:3; + שֶׁמֶן as acc. mat. 2 S 14:2, Mi 6:15, Dt 28:40.

2. act., anoint another Ez 16:9 (בַּשֶּׁמֶן), 2 Ch 28:15.

3. pass., be poured, Ex. 30:32 (P; subj. the sacred oil).

† אָסוךְ n.[m.] flask (for pouring, anointing);—appar. cstr. שֶׁמֶן אָ׳ 2 K 4:2, cf. Kö:ii. 1, 139, 401, 494; yet form unusual and text dub.; Gr מֶסֶךְ or מִסְכָּה; Klo פַּךְ.

†II. [סוּךְ, סִיח] vb. hedge, or fence about, shut in (‖ form of שׂוךְ prob. not connected with Ar. شَوْكُ Eth. 3ok: thorns; poss. cf. Syr, ܣܳܟ finish, Pa. ܣܰܝܶܟ finish, conclude, comprehend, and Ar. سَكَّ close, close up, stop, stop up, lock up Lane:1386);—Qal (al. Hiph., but cf. שׂוּךְ) Impf. 3 ms. וַ֫יָּסֶח אֱלוֹהַּ בַּעֲדוֹ Jb 3:23, c. acc. + בְּ instr. וַיָּ֫סֶח בִּדְלָתַיִם יָ֑ם 38:8 and (who) shut in the sea with doors ? (Bi Bu וּמִי סָח, Me מִי סָח).

† מְסוּכָה n.f. hedge (‖ form of מְשֻׂכָה q.v. sub שׂוך);—only in fig. יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה Mi 7:4, rd. יְשָׁרָם מְס׳ (‖טוֹבָם כְּחֵדֶק), their most upright one is a hedge (an obstruction).

† [סְוֵן, < סְרָן], סְוֵנֵה n.pr.loc. Syene, city on S. border of Egypt, toward Ethiopia, only in phr. (וְעַד־גְּבוּל כּוּשׁ) מִמִּגְדֹּל ס׳ Ez 29:10 cf. 30:6, rd. prob. סְוֵ֫נָה or < סְוָ֫נָה (Copt. Suan), c. ה loc. (JDMich Sm Co Berthol) = Egypt. Sun, Copt. Suan, mod. أَسْوَان Aswân; LXX ἔως Συηνης; rd. prob. סְוָן also 30:16 (for MT סִין q.v.) LXX Συηνη.—See further Jos:BJ iv. 10, 5 Strabo:xxxii.817 – 820, Brugsch:Geogr. Inscr. i. 155; Reiseber. aus Aegypt. 247 Bd:Egypt. 4. 323 f. Budge:Nile 284.

† סְוֵנִים adj. gent. pl. Syenites , so (or סְוָנִים) rd. prob. for סִינִים (q.v.) Is 49:12. p. 696

†I. סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift (cypselus, Tristr:FFP 82 ff.) (Targum סוּסָיָא Is 38:14);—as twittering Is 38:14 (in sim.); LXX χελιδών, Vulgate pullus hirundinis;; so Je 8:7 Kt (Qr סִיס wrongly; perhaps to distinguish from foll., so Gie), LXX id., Vulgate hirundo.

II.. סוּס:138 n.m.:Ex 15:1 horse (NH סוּס, סוּסָה Aram. סוּסְיָא ܣܽܘܣܝܳܐ Mand. סוסיא, Sin. id., Lzb:328; As. sisû (sisû ?) Dl:HWB 506; Tel Am. su-u[su] Wkl:TA.191, 24; prob. foreign word cf. Nö:M 147 Erman:Ägypten 649; Eng. tr. 490); —ס׳ abs. 1 K 20:20 +; cstr. Ex 15:19 +; pl. סוּסִים Gn 47:17 +, סֻסִים 2 S 15:1; cstr. סוּסֵי 2 K 2:11; sf. סוּסַי 1 K 22:4, 2 K 3:7. סוּסֶיְ Mi 5:9 + 4t., סוּסָיו Is 5:28 +, סוּסֵיכֶס Am 4:10, סוּסֵיהֶם Jos 11:6+;—horse:

1. non-Isr.; chariot-horses of Canaanites Ju 5:22 (cf. v:28, 4:3, 4:13; עִקְבֵי ס׳; ס׳ coll., as oft.), Jos 11:4, 11:6, 11:9 (JE); horses as property of Egyptians Gn 47:17, Ex 9:3 (both J), cf. Zc 14:15; merchandise of Tyre Ez 27:14; chariot-horses of Egypt [cf. Hom:11.ix.384], Ex 14:9, 14:23 (Psalm), 15:1, 15:21, (poem), v:19 (Psalm; on all v. Di), Dt 11:4, Is 31:1, 31:3, Je 46:4, 46:9, Ez 17:15; of Aram 1 K 20:1 + 11 t. K (1 K 20:20 ridden, for flight), Assyr. Is 5:28 + 3 t., Chaldeans Je 4:13 + 6 t.; other nations Na 3:2, Je 50:42 + 5 t.; as ridden 1 K 20:20 (v. supr.), Je 8:23, Ez 38:4, 38:15 + 13 t. (late).

2. in Isr.; chariot-horses of Absalom 2 S 15:1, esp. of Sol., and later, 1 K 5:6, 5:8, 10:25, 10:28, 10:29, and ‖ Chr; 18:5 and .(as war-equipment) 22:4, 2 K 3:7, 9:33, 10:2, Pr 21:31; סוּסֵי אֵשׁ 2 K 2:11 (Elijah), cf. 6:17; consecr. to sun 2 K 23:11 (cf. RS:Sem. 275; 2nd ed. 293); sign of luxury and apostasy Am 4:10, Ho 1:7, 14:4, Is 2:7, Mi 5:9, Zc 9:10, cf. Dt 17:6, 17:16, but v. Zc 14:20; in vision Zc 6:2, 6:2, 6:3, 6:3, 6:6; ridden 2 K 9:18, 9:19, 18:23 = Is 36:8, Am 2:15 + 4 t. Is Je; in vision Zc 1:8, 1:8; שַׁעַר הַס׳ Je 31:40, Ne 3:28, cf. 2 K 11:16 = 2 Ch 23:15; property of returned exiles Ezr 2:56 = Ne 7:68 van d. H. (om. Mass. Baer Ginsb q.v.); description of horse Jb 39:19; in various sim. and fig. Am 6:12, Je 5:8, 8:6, 12:5, Ez 23:20, Is 63:13, Jo 2:4, Pr 27:3, Ps 32:9, 147:10.

3. chariot-horses of י׳ Hb 3:15 (fig. of clouds), cf. Zc 10:3.—Cf. also חֲחַר סוּסִים, and פָּרָשׁ, רֶכֶשׁ .

† [סוּסָה] n.f.; mare;—c. sf. סֻסָתִי Ct 1:9.—Cf. also חֲחַר סוּסָה.

† סוּסִי n.pr.m. (Gray:Prop. N.92);—a Manassite Nu 13:11; LXX Σουσ(ε)ι;—but text dub. Nes:Eg. 209 Di:ad loc. (cf. Gray:l.c.).

† [סוּף] vb. come to an end, cease (Targum, סוּף Syr. (ܣܘܦ) ܣܳܦ , cease, stop (oft.), Targum סוֹפָא, Syr. ܣܽܘܦܳܐ, NH סוֹף end); —Qal Pf. 3 pl. סָָפוּ Ps 73:19, וְסָפ֔וּ consec. Am 3:15; Impf. 3 ms. יֶסוּף Est 9:28; 3 mpl. יָסֻ֫פוּ Is 66:17; —come to an end Am 3:15, Is 66:17, Ps 73:19 (+ תַּמּוּ), וְזִכְרָם לאֹ־יָסוּף מִזַּרְעָם Est 9:28. Hiph. make an end of, only (if text correct) Impf. 1 s. (+Inf. abs. אָסֹף, chosen for assonance, v. אסף), cohort. = juss. In form, אָסֹף אָסֵף Zp 1:2, אָסֵף v:3, v:3, אָסֹף אֲסִיפֵם Je 8:13 (on these forms v. Gf Bö:§ 988, 1 Kö:i.445, 466); but rd. perhaps, for אָסֵף, אֶאֱסֹף, We Buhl:Lex 13, or אֹסֵף, Ges:§§ 72 aa, 113 w n.3 Now:Zp 1:2, and in Je אָסֹף אֹסְפֵם Ges:l.c. (against Gie v. Hi).

† סוֹף n.m.:Ec 7:2 end, late synon. of קֵץ;—ס׳ abs. Ec 3:11, cstr. 2 Ch 20:16 + 2 t.; sf. סֹפוֹ Jo 2:20; —end of wady 2 Ch 20:16, of invading swarm Jo 2:20; of God's work מֵראֹשׁ וְעַד־סוֹף Ec 3:11; death as end of all men 7:2; = conclusion, sum of instruction 12:13. Cf. Baram.

† I. סוּפָה n.f. storm-wind (that makes an end ?);—abs. ס׳ Is 5:28 +; סוּפָּ֫תָה Ho 8:7 (Ges:§ 90 f.); sf. סוּפָֽתְְ Ps 83:16; pl. סוּפוֹת Is 21:1; —strom-wind, כְּסַעַר בְּיוֹם ס׳ Am 1:14, Na 1:3 (‖שְׂעָרָה), Is 17:13 (‖רוּחַ), Jb 37:9, Is 21:1, as driving chaff Jb 21:18 (vb. גָּנַב; in sim.), sim. of rushing chariots Is 5:28, 66:15, Je 4:13, of ruin Pr 1:27 cf. 10:25; symbol. of י׳'s judgments, יִקְחָֹרוּ רוּחַ יִזְרָ֖עוּ וְס׳ Ho 8:7, Ps 83:16 (‖סַעַר), Jb 27:20 (vb. גָּנַב), Is 29:6 ( + מְעָרָה).

† I. סוּף n.m.:Jon 2:6 reeds, rushes (coll.) (prob. loan-word from Egypt. ṭwfi, reeds, Steindorff:BAS i. 603 Erman:ZMG xivi (1892), 122; Semitic acc. to WMM:As.u.Eur. 101);—

1. rushes, in Nile Ex 2:3, 2:5 (E); קָנֶה וָסוּף Is 19:6 (of Egypt).

2. usu. in combin. יַם־סוּף prob. = sea of rushes or reeds ( > sea of (city) Suph), which Gk. incl. in wider name θάλασσα Ἐρυθρἀ, Red Sea (cf. Di:Ex 13:18 and esp. WMM:As. u. Eur. 42f., who expl. as name orig. given to upper end of Gulf of Suez, extending into Bitter Lakes, shallow and marshy, whence reeds (prob. also reddish colour));—name applied only to arms of Red Sea; most oft. a. to Gulf of Suez Ex 10:19, Jos 2:10 (both J), Ex 13:18, 15:4, 15:22, 23:31 (all E), Dt 11:4, Jos 4:23 (D), Nu 33:10, 33:11 (P), elsewh. late Ne 9:9, Ps 106:7, 106:9, 106:22, 136:13, 136:15. b. sts. to Gulf of Akaba 1 K 9:26, and דֶּרֶךְ יַם־סוּף Nu 21:4 (E), prob. also 14:25 (E), Dt 1:40, 2:1; perh. Ju 11:16, Je 49:21; poss. rd. מִיַּם־סוּף for מוֹל ס׳ Dt 1:1 (v. infor.).

†II. סוּף n.p.r.loc. (si vera l.) named in defining loc. of Deut. law-giving Dt 1:1 (מול סוּף, where מוֹל by dissimil. for מוּל); but read perh. מִיַּם סוּף (LXX πλησίον ρῆς ἐρυθρᾶς, LXXL + θαλάσσης, Vulgate contra mare rubrum), v. I. סוּף.

† II. סוּפָה n.p.r.loc. E. of Jordan ;—only in phr. וָהֵב בְּס׳ in ancient poet. fragment Nu 21:14; Tristr:Moab 50 cp. Sāfieh (صافيه), SE. oasis of Dead Sea, but ס = ص is most improb.

סוּר and (Ho 9:12) [שׂוּד]:300 vb. turn aside (NH Hiph. cause to turn aside, or apostatize; Tel Am. sûru, n. rebel Wkl:Gloss);—Qal:161 Pf. ms. סָר Ex 3:4 +; 3:fs. סָ֫רָךְ 1 S 16:14 +; 1 S. סָָרְתִּי Ps 119:102; 3 pl. סָרוּ Dt 9:12 +; 2 mpl. סַרְתֶּם v:16 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָסוּר Gn 49:10 +, וַיָּ֫מַר Ju 4:18 +; 3 fs. תָּסוּר 1 S 6:3 +; 1 S. cohort. אָסֻ֫רָה Ex 3:3; 3 mpl. יָסֻ֫רוּ Ex 25:15 +, etc.; Imv. ms. סוּר 2 S 2:22 +, etc.; Inf. abs. סוֹר Dn 9:5, סֹר v:11; cstr. סוּר Is 7:17 +; sf. שׂוּרִי Ho 9:12 (Ges:§ 6 k Now); Pt. סָר Jb 1:1 +; f. cstr. סָרַת Pr 11:22; mpl. cstr. סָרֵי Je 6:28 (or from סרר, or שָׂר); pass. f. סוּרָה Is 49:21, c. intrans. meaning (Ges:§ 50 f Kö:ii. 1, 137), pl. sf. סוּרַי Je 17:13 Qr; and cstr. סוּרֵי 2:21; —

1. turn aside, out of one's course 1 S 6:12, Dt 2:27, from following, מֵאַחֲרֵי pers. 2 S 2:21, 2:22, abs. v:23, from attacking, מֵעַל 2 Ch 20:10; turn in unto (for shelter, refuge, etc.), c. אֶל־, Gn 19:2, 19:3 (J) Ju 4:18, 4:18, 4:18, 19:11, 19:12, 2 K 4:11, c. לְ Ju 20:8, c. שָׁם 18:3, 19:15, שָׁ֫מָה 18:15, 2 K 4:8 ( + inf.), v:10; c. הֵ֫נָּה Pr 9:4, 9:16 (in fig.); for purpose implied Ex 3:3 (J) Ru 4:1, 4:1, or expr. by inf. Ex 3:4 (J) Ju 14:8, Je 15:5 (in fig.); esp. fig. turn aside from right path, from י׳, his commands, etc., usu. c. מִן Ex (J) Ju 2:17, Dt 9:12 + 7 t. D, Pr 13:14 + 5 t. Pr, + 10 t. elsewhere, + 2 Ch 8:15 (ins. מִן); c. מֵאַחֲרֵי 1 S 12:20 + 4 t.; c. מֵעַל Je 32:40, Ez 6:9; מִן + יָמִין etc. Dt 5:29, 17:11, 2 K 22:2 = 2 Ch 34:2; abs. (sts. = revolt) Ps 14:3, Je 5:23, Dt 11:16, 17:17 (subj. לֵבָב), וְסוּרַי Je 17:13 Qr (> יסורי Kt) read prob. וְסוּרֶיְ those revolting from thee (Ew Gie); סוּרֵי הַגֶּפֶן נָכְרִיָּה Je 2:21 degenerate (shoots) of the foreign vine (fig.); סָרַת טַעַם Pr 11:22 a woman turning aside as to discretion, shewing lack of it; also from wrong path, sins (of Jerob.), etc., c. מִן 2 K 3:3, 14:24 + 7 t. 2 K; c. מֵעַל 2 K 10:31, 15:18; c. מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 K 10:29; † סָר מֵרָע (pt.) Jb 1:1, 1:8, 2:3 also Is 59:15; סוּר מֵרָע (inf. and imv.) Jb 28:28, Pr 3:7, 13:19, 16:6, 16:17, Ps 34:16, 37:27.

2. depart, usu. c. מִן, of frogs Ex 8:7, flies v:25 (both J), sword 2 S 12:10; sceptre from Judah Gn 49:10 (poem in J): י׳'s hand 1 S 6:3, his kindness 2 S 7:15 (MT, but rd. אָסִיר LXX SyrVer Vulgate ‖ 1 Ch 17:13 Th We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS), his wrath Ez 16:42 (but del. Co Siegf Toy), depart from way = get out of the way, cease to obstruct Is 30:11, etc.; c. מִתּוֹךְ 1 S 15:6, 15:6; c. מֵעַל Is 7:17, Ju 16:19, Nu 12:10, etc.; of י׳ departing, מִן pers., Ho 9:12, מֵעַל Ju 16:20, 1 S 28:16, מֵעִם 1 S 18:12; God, c. מִן Jb 21:14, 22:17, c. מֵעַל 1 S 28:16, רוּחֵ י׳, c. מֵעִם 1 S 16:14; evil spirit, c. מֵעַל v:23; abs. depart [from Babyl.] Is 52:11, 52:11; = avoid contact La 4:15, 4:15, 4:15; of wicked Jb 15:30 he shall not depart out of (מִנִּי) darkness, i.e. shall not avoid it, escape it; pt. pass. made to depart, thrust away, of Isr. under fig. of wife Is 49:21 (> act., acc. to Ba:NB § 124 c).

3. of lifeless things = be removed, oppressors's yoke, c. מֵעַל Is 14:25 cf. v:25, 10:27; staves from (מִן) ark Ex 25:16; abs. inquity Is 6:7; esp. of בָּמוֹת 1 K 15:14, 22:44, 2 K 12:4, 14:4, 15:4, 15:35, 2 Ch 15:17, 20:33.

4. = come to an end, Am 6:7, Is 11:13.—For סָר אֶל־ 1 S 22:14 read שָׂר עַל־ LXX Th Dr Klo Bu Kit Löhr HPS; in 15:32 Th HPS del. סָר (after LXX Vulgate SyrVer) as dittogr.; סָר סָבְאָם Ho 4:18 v. סֹבֶא; Ho 7:14 rd. יָס֫וֹרוּ for יָס֫וּרוּ (√ סרר q.v.); Je 6:28, it is uncertain whether (סוֹרְרִים) סָרֵי belongs here, revolters among the rebellious, or sub סרר, or even = שָׂרֵ׳ princes, chiefs (cf. 1 S 22:14).

† Pôï‘lēl Pf. 3 ms. סוֹרֵר דְּרָכָיו La 3:11 he turned aside my ways (my steps).

Hiph.:133 Pf. 3 ms. הֵסִיר 2 K 18:4 +; 2 ms. וַהֲסִרֹ֫תָ consec. (Dr:§ 110(5) Obs.) 1 K 3:31; 1 s. הֲסִירֹ֫תִי 2 K 23:27 +, וַהֲסִרֹתִ֫י 1 S 17:46 +; 3 pl. הֵסִ֫ירוּ 2 Ch 30:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָסִיר Is 3:18 +, juss. יָסֵר Ex 8:4 +, וַיָּ֫סַר Gn 8:13 +; sf. וַיְסִרֵהוּ 1 S 18:13, וַיְסִרֶהָ 1 K 15:13, יְסִירֶנָּה Lv 3:4 +; 3 mpl. יָסִ֫ירוּ Is 5:23 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הָסֵר 1 K 20:24 +, הָסִיר Ez 21:31 (rd. הָסֵיר, הָסֵר); fs. הָסִ֫ירִי 1 S 1:14, etc.; Inf. abs. הָסֵר Gn 30:32 +; cstr. הָסִיר 2 K 6:32 +, etc.; Pt. מֵסִיר Is 3:1 + 3 t.;—1. cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away: c. מִן, Ex 8:4, 8:27, 33:23 (all J), 23:25 (E) Dt 7:15, 1 S 28:3, Jos 7:13 (J) Ju 10:16, Is 3:1, Ps 18:23 (+ ‖ 2 S 22:23, rd. אָסִיר מִמֶּנִּי De Hup-Now HPS); shoulder from burden Ps 81:7; מֵסִיר אָזְנוֹ מִשְּׁמֹעַ Pr 28:9; + oft., + Jb 33:17 (ins. מִן LXX Ew Di De Hi Bu al.); c. מֵעַל, take off ring Gn 41:42 (E) Est 3:10, also 8:2 (abs.); garments Gn 38:14, 38:19 (J) Dt 21:13, Zc 3:4, 1 S 17:39 (armour), also Ex 34:34 (P; abs.) and Ez 26:16 (Co ins. מֵעַל); take off head, מֵעַל 1 S 17:46, abs. 2 S 4:7, 16:9, 2 K 16:32; c. מֵעַל also oft. fig. (from upon = from resting on, or burdening), plagues Ex 8:4, 10:17 (J), cf. Nu 21:7 (E), also 1 S 1:14, Am 5:23, 1 K 2:31; reproach 1 S 17:26, Is 25:8; c, מֵעִם = from one's presence 1 S 18:13, also of י׳ removing kindness 1 Ch 16:13 = ‖ 2 S 7:15 (v. Qal 2.); c. מֵעַל פָּנָיו, of י׳ removing Isr. 2 K 17:18, 17:23, 23:27, 24:3, Je 32:31; abs. 2 K 23:27; oft. abs., Gn 8:13 Noah removed the covering; remove = depose c. מִן 1 K 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16 (v. מִן 7 b (b)), abs. 2 Ch 36:3, cf. Ju 9:29, Jb 34:20; remove בָּמוֹת, etc., 2 K 18:4, v:22 = Is 36:7 = 2 Ch 32:12, 2 K 23:19, 2 Ch 30:14, 14:2, cf. 14:4, 17:5 (both c. מִן); = put away strange gods, etc., Gn 35:2, Jos 24:14, 24:23 (all E), 1 S 7:4, c. מִתּוֹח v:3, Is 58:9; once c. לְ, מֵסִיר שָׂפָה לְנֶאֱמָנִים Jb 12:20. 2. rarer uses are: put aside = leave undone Jos 11:15 (D); retract words Is 31:2 (of י׳); reject prayer Ps 66:20; abolish sacrifice Dn 11:31; turn one away מֵאַחֲרֵי, i.e. from following Dt 7:4; c. אֶל־ pers., remove the ark unto 2 S 6:10 = 1 Ch 13:13.

†Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּסַר Lv 4:31, Dn 12:11; Impf. 3 ms. יוּסַר Lv 4:35; Pt. מוּסָר Is 17:1; pl. מוּסָרִים 1 S 21:7 (but final ם prob. dittogr. before מ We Dr Klo Kit HPS);—be taken away, removed: c. מִן Lv 4:35, מֵעַל v:31, מִלִּפְנֵי י׳ 1 S 21:7; מוּסָר מֵעִיר Is 17:1 Damascus is removed from being a city; abs. be abolished Dn 12:11 (cf. 11:31 Hiph.).

I. סוּר adj. verb. properly Pt. of סור q.v.

†II. סוּר n.pr. of a temple-gate;—שַׁעַר ס׳ 2 K 11:6 (> ‖ 2 Ch 23:5 שַׁעַר הַיְסוֹד, v. יְסוֹד), but del. ver. as gloss We:Bleek, Einl. 4, 258 Kmp:Kau Benz.

† סָרָה n.f. a turning aside, defection, apostasy, withdrawal;—alw. abs. ס׳;—

1. defection, used appar. of any moral or legal offence Dt 19:16, so prob. Is 59:13 (+ עשֶׁק, דִּבְרֵי שָָׁקֶר).

2. apostasy, Dt 13:6, Is 1:5, 31:6, Je 28:16, 29:32.

3. סָרָה בִּלְתִּי non-withdrawal Is 14:6 (cf. vb., v:25, Am 6:7).

סִרָה v. בּוֹר הַסּ׳ p. 92 supr. יסור, only in יסורי Je 17:13 Kt, but v. Qr סור Qal Pt.

† [סוּת] vb. Hiph. incite, allure, instigate (NH Hiph., id.);—Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הֱסִֽיתְְ 1 S 26:19, הֲסֵיתְְ Jb 36:16; 3 fs. הֵסַ֫תָּה 1 K 21:25 (Ges:§ 72 w Kö:i. 460); 3 pl. sf. הִסִּית֫וְּ Je 38:22 (Ges:§ 72 ee); Impf. 3 ms. יַסִּית 2 K 18:32 + 2 t., but also וַיָּ֫סֶת 2 S 24:1, 1 Ch 21:1, sf. יְסִֽיתְְ Dt 13:7, Jb 36:18, etc.; Pt. מַסִּית Je 43:3, 2 Ch 32:11; —

1. a. incite to make a request (c. acc. pers. + inf.) Ju 1:14 (on text v. GFM) = Jos 15:18. b. allure מִמֶּנּוּ וַיְסִיתֵם 2 Ch 18:31 and God allured them away fr. him (si vera l.; del. cl. as gloss Be Kit); so also Jb 36:16 acc. to De Hi Bu al.; he allureth thee out of the mouth of distress, but Di Du freedom hath seduced thee; for meaning seduce, entice, cf. also v:18.

2. instigate, in bad sense, c. acc. pers., + בְּ against, 1 S 26:19, 2 S 24:1, Je 43:3, Jb 2:3; c. acc. pers. alone 1 K 21:25, 2 K 18:32 = Is 36:18, cf. 2 Ch 32:15, Dt 13:7 Je 38:22; + inf. 1 Ch 21:1, 2 Ch 18:2, 32:11.

סוּת n. v. סוה p. 691

†[סָחַב] vb. drag (Impf. consec. 1 s. ואסחב MI:18, sf. ואסחבה Ib:12.13; Ph. סחב Lzb:328; Ar. سَحَبَ, Eth. sah.aba:);—Qal Pf. 1 pl. וְסָחַ֫בְנוּ consec. 2 S 17:13; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִסְחָבוּם Je 49:20, 50:45; Inf. abs. סָחוֹב Je 22:19; cstr. לִסְחֹב Je 15:3; —drag, a city עַד־הַנַּחַל 2 S 17:13, corpses Je 15:3, 22:19, captives, under fig. of sheep dragged off by wild beast 49:20 = 50:45 (LXX pass., whence Schwally Gie suppose a Niph. יִסָּחֲבוּ).

† סְחָבָה n.f. rag, clout (stuff pulled or dragged about; > Lag:BN 143 √ شَحُبَ, شَحَبَ become altered for the worse);—only pl. סְחָבוֹת Je 38:11, 38:12 (both + מְלָחִים).

† [סָחָה] vb. scrape (Ar. سَحَا (سحو, and سحي Lane:1322) scrape off, clear away; cf. Talm. סְחוּתָא, סְחִיתָא refuse, Targum סְחִיתָא dirt, dung);—only Pi. scrape clean, scour, Pf. 1 S. consec. וְסִחֵתִ֫י עֲפָרָהּ מֶּנָּהָ Ez 26:4 and I will scrape clean her dust from her.

† סְחִי n.[m.] offcouring;—וּמָאוֹס תְּשִׂימֵנוּ ס׳ La 3:45.

† סָחִישׁ n.[m.] grain that shoots up of itself in 2nd year (√ unknown);—‖סָפִיחַ, 2 K 19:29 (= שָׁחִיס ‖ Is 37:30); on use of this for food, cf. Strabo:xi. 4, 3 (of Albanians).

† [סָחַף] vb. prostrate (NH סחף, Aram. סְחַף ܣܚܰܦ (for ἐδαφίζω, Lk 19:42); As saḫâpu, throw down, overwhelm);—Qal Pf. מָטָר סֹחֵף Pr 28:3 a prostrating rain (beating down grain), וְאֵין לָָחֶם and (so) there is no bread. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִסְחַף אַבִּירֶיְ Je 46:15 why are thy mighty ones (or, why is thy bull, i.e. Apis, Hi Ew Gf) prostrated? but rd. perh. נָס חָף אַבִּירְְ לאֹ עָמַד (LXX Mich Gie Co) why hath Apis fled, thy bull doth not stand?

† [סָחַר] vb. go around, about, travel about in (NH id., go about as merchant, pedlar, perh. denom. from סוֹחֵר (Jastr); Syr. ܣܚܰܪ go about as beggar, be beggar PS:2593 (rate), esp. Chr Pal Aram. v. Schwally:Idiot. 61 f.; As. saḫâru, turn, surround, Tel Am. return Wkl:TA Gloss.; Targum surround (oft.), and deriv.; Ar. سَحَرَ is mock at, deride);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. סָֽחֲרוּ Je 14:18; Impf. 3 mpl. יִסְחֲרוּ Gn 34:21; 2 mpl. תִּסְחָָרוּ Gn 42:34; Imv. mpl. sf. סְחָרוּהָ Gn 34:10; Pf. סֹחֵר Gn 23:16, סוֹחֵר Pr 31:14; cstr. סֹחֵר Is 23:2; fs. sf. סֹחַרְתֵח Ez 27:12, 27:16, 27:18 + סֹחֲרֹתַיִח v:15 (v. infr.); mpl. סֹחֲרִים Gn 37:28 + 2 t.; cstr. סֹחֲרֵי 1 K 10:28 + 3 t.; sf. סֹחֲרַיִח Is 47:15, רָָיִח- Ez 27:21, רֶיהַ- Is 23:8; —

1. go about, to and fro (i.e. go about one's affairs, carry on one's business) in, c. acc. אֶרֶץ Gn 42:34 (E), 34:10, 34:21 (P); c. אֶל־אֶרֶץ Je 14:18, but dub., LXX Gf Hi Or Co:Hpt Rothst:Kau journey unto a land which they have not known.

2. Pt. = subst. a trafficker, trader (who goes about with wares, etc.) Gn 23:16 (P), 37:28 (E), Is 23:2, 23:8, 47:15, 1 K 10:28 = 2 Ch 1:16, Ez 27:21, 27:21, 27:36, 38:13; + תָּרִים 2 Ch 9:14; f., of a city or country, Ez 27:12, 27:16, 27:18; also in v:15 rd. סֹחֲרֹתַיִח for MT (ידך) סְחֹרַת Sm Co Berthol Toy. Pilp. Pf. 3 ms. לִבִּי סְחַרְחַר Ps 38:11 (Ges:§ 55 e) my heart palpittes (+ עֲזָבַנִי כֹחִי).

† [סַ֫חַר] n.m.:Pr 3:14 traffic, gain;—cstr. סְחַר Is 23:3 + 2 t.; sf. סַחְרָהּ Pr 3:14 + 3 t.;—traffic, i.e. gain from traffic, Is 23:3, 23:18 (+ אֶתְנַנָּהּ), v:18, 45:14, Pr 3:14, 31:18.

† [סְחֹרָה] n.f. merchandise;—cstr. סָחֹרַת Ez 27:15, but v. סחר Pt.

† סֹחֵרָה n.f. buckler;—Ps 91:4 (+ חִנָּה; fig. of י׳'s faithfulness).

† [מִסְחָר] n.m. appar. merchandise;—cstr. מִסְחַר הָרֹכְלִיס 1 K 10:15, but text prob. crpt.; Klo prop. מִסַּחַר, so Buhl:Lex 13; ‖ 2 Ch 9:14 has הַסֹּחֲרִים, and so Benz here (for both wds. of MT).

† [סֹחֶ֫רֶת] n.f. a stone used (with marble) in paving (cf. As. siḫru, a precious stone, Dl:HWB 495);—סֹחָ֑רֶת Est 1:6.

[סֵט], סֵטִים v. שֵׂט sub שׂוט. סִיג v. סוג.

† סִיוָן n.pr. of 3rd month, Siwan = May–June (loan-word from As.-Bab. Simânu, cf. Schr:COT Ne 1:1 Muss-Arnolt:JRL xi (1892), 82 ff.; Palm. סיון Lzb:328 Cook:84);—בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישֹׁי הוּא־תֹדֶשׁ ס׳ Est 8:9.

סִיחוֹן, סִיחֹן n.pr.m. Sihon (on format. cf. Lag:BN 198);—סִיחוֹן Nu 21:27 + 18 t., סִיחֹן v:21 + 17 t.;—king of Amorites, Nu 21:21 + 7 t. Nu 21 (JE), 32:33 (R) Dt 1:4 + 10 t. Dt, Ju 2:10 + 4 t. Ju (D) + 13:21, 13:21, not found13:27 (P), 11:19, 11:20, 11:20, 11:21, Je 48:45, 1 K 4:19, Ne 9:22, Ps 135:11, 136:19. LXX Σηων, LXXL Σιων.

† I. סִין n.pr.loc. Sin, i.e. Pelusium, E. frontier city of Egypt (Egypt. 'Imt = clay, of which סין is transl. (cf. Aram. סְיָן clay), acc. to Steindorff:BAS i. 599, who cp. II ηλούσιον (πηλός = dirt, mud), cf. Brugsch:Dict. Gêogr. 108l ff.);—Ez 30:15 (LXX Σαιν acc.), + v:16, but here Co Toy rd. plausibly סון, i.e. סְוָן = Syene (v. [סְוָן], סְוֵנֵה), LXX συηνη.—On Pelusium v. Bd:Egypt. 4 (1898), 169.

II. סִין n.pr.loc. wilderness between Elim and Sinai, מִדְבַּר־סִין, acc. to P, Ex 16:1, 17:1, Nu 33:11, 3:12; LXX Σειν, A LXXL Σιν; cf. Eb:GS 2. 155 ff. and esp. Di:Ex 16, 1.

† סִינַי n. pr. mont. Sinai;—name of mt. of law-giving in J and esp. P (חֹרֵב in E and esp. D): Ju 5:5, Ps 68:9, Dt 33:2 (poem), also Ex 16:1 (P); usu. הַר־סִינַי (־סִינָ֑י Lv 7:38 +), rarely J, Ex 19:20, 19:23 and perh. 34:2, 34:4, elsewh. mostly P, 24:16, 31:18, 34:29, 34:32, Lv 7:38, 25:1, 27:34 and 26:46 (H), Nu 3:1, 28:6, also Ne 9:13; מִרְבַּר סִינַי (סִינָ֑י Nu 1:19 +), Ex 19:1, 19:2, Lv 7:38, Nu 1:1, 1:19, 3:4, 3:14, 9:1, 9:5, 10:12, 26:64, 33:15, 33:16 (all P);—in view of these facts, and of E's use of חֹרֵב (q. v.), it is prob. that Ex 19:11, 19:18 (in E passages) are from R.—LXX Σ(ε)ινα. Identif. dub.; local tradition names Jebel Musa, mt. at S. end of peninsular between the two arms of Red Sea, so Rob:BR i. 90 ff., esp. 119–122 cf. Stanley:Sinai and Pal. 42 f. al., specif. its N.spur, Ras Ṣafṣâfeh; but Lepsius:Briefe 345 ff., 416 ff. Eb:GS esp. 392 ff. al. advocate Serbal, NW. from Jebel Musa (on trad., cf Eb:ib. 413 ff.); v. discussion Di:Ex 19, 1. Against both is the working of Egypt. mines in the penins. as late as the 19th dyn. (v. Eb:GS 135, 148 ff., 159, etc.), involving presence of soldiers there. This, and connex. with Midian (cf. also Ju 5:5), have led to search for Sinai further NE, near head of Gulf of Aḳaba, or even in Seir, so Say:Monuments 263 ff., cf. GFM:Ju 5:5. 6:1 and Yakut, cited by Id:179 n. §, also v. Gall:Altisr. Kultst. 12; on sanctity of mt. v. further RS:Sem i. 110 f., 2nd ed. 177 f. Sm:Rel. Gesch. 30.

† סִינִי adj. gent. only c. art. = subst. Gn 10:17 = 1 Ch 1:15 a Canaanite people, in north, LXX τὸν ̓ Ασενναῖον; cf. city Siânu, ‘ on shore of sea, ’ in As. inscr. Dl:Pa 282, Σιννᾶν (acc.) in possession of those holding Lebanon Strabo:xvi. 2. 8 (v. Di:Gn).

† סִינִים adj. gent. pl. = subst.; אֶרֶץ ס׳ Is 49:12, identif. with Chinese by Thes:948–950 De Che:Comm. al.; but see v. Richthofen:China i. 436 f., 504, rev. by Yule:Acad. xiii. 339; Di Du; T. de Lacouperie:BOR i. 45 ff., 183 ff., who thinks of Šina, at foot of Hindu Kush, but unlikely; rd. prob. סְוֵנִים (or סְוָנִים), so Che:Intr. Is. 275, and Hpt., cf. already JDMich.

סִיס Je 8:7 Qr v. I. סוּס. p. 692

סִיסְרָא:21 n. pr. m. (GFM:Ju 4:2; PAOS xix (1898), 160 cp. Hittite names in -sira);—

1. general of Jabin, king of Hazor Ju 4:2 + 12 t. Ju 4; appar. himself king 5:20, 5:26, 5:28, 5:30; cf. 1 S 12:9, Ps 83:10; —on ס׳ v. GFM:Ju, 107 ff.; PAOS l. c.; LXX Σ(ε)ισαρα. †

2. בְּנֵי־סִיסְרָא returned exiles, Ezr 2:53 = Ne 7:55; LXX Σεισαραθ, Σισαρα, etc.

† סִיעָא, סִיעֲהָא n. pr. m. בְּנֵי־סִיעָא returned exiles Ne 7:47 = בְּנֵי־סִיעֲהָא Ezr 2:44; LXX Ne Ασουια א Ιασουια, A Σιαια, LXXL Ιωσιου; LXX Ezr Σωηλ, A Ασαα, LXXL Ιωσια.

† I. סִיר n. m.:Je 1:13 et f.:2 K 4:38 pot (probably foreign wd. (Egypt. ?), Ar. زِيرُ a large water-jar Lane:1276 is perh. loan-wd.; on Gk. deriv. σιρός, σίρινος v. Lewy:Fremdw. 107);—ס׳ abs. 2 K 4:38 +, cstr. Ex 16:3 +; pl. סִירֹת 38:3, סִירוֹת 1 K 7:45 +; sf. סִירֹתָיו Ex 27:3, סִירֹתֵיכֶם Ps 58:10; —pot:

1. a. household utensil for boiling 2 K 4:38, 4:39, 4:40, 4:41, 4:41 הַבָּשָׂר ס׳ Ex 16:3 (P), Zc 14:21; נָפוּחַ ס׳ Je 1:13 (cf. נפח in vision), symbol. of Jerus. Ez 11:3, 11:7, 11:11, 24:3, 24:6; fig. also Ps 58:10 (cf. Che); in sim. Mi 3:3, Jb 41:23, Ec 7:6. b. רַחְחִי ס׳ Ps 60:10 my washing-pot, 108:10.

2. pots used in sanctuary, Ez 27:3, 38:3 (both P), 1 K 7:40 (rd. סִירוֹת for MT כִּיִּרוֹת, so Codd. of HCT LXX Vulgate Th Ke Klo Kmp Benz), v:45 = 2 Ch 4:11, 4:16, 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18, also Je 52:19, 2 Ch 35:13, Zc 14:20.—Here belongs prob. סִרָה in בּוֹר הַסִּרָה, v. p. 92 b.

† II. [סִיר] n.[m.] thorn, hook (Targum id.; cf. סירם in Sab. n. pr. Hom:ZMG xivi (1892), 532);—

1. pl. סִירִים thorns, sign of desolation Is 34:13, a barrier Ho 2:8, on Na 1:10 v. [סָבַךְ]; תַּחַת הַסִּיר כְּקוֹל הַסּ׳ Ec 7:6 as the sound of thorns (crackling as they burn) under the pot.

2. pl. סִירוֹת hooks Am 4:2 (cf. דּוּגָה sub דגה; ‖חִנּוּת; on relation of meanings v. חוֹחַ, חֵן).

סָךְ, [סֹךְ], סֻכָּה, סֻכּוֹת v. II. סכך. p. 697

† סִכּוּת n. pr. div. Am 5:26 read prob. …סַכּוּת, = As. Sakkut (epithet of Adar-Ninip = Saturn), Schr:SK 1874, 332; COT AM 5, 26, cf. Tiele:Gesch. 528 Bae:Rel 239 Rogers:Ency. Bib. 749 (Vrss Thes al. = סֻכָּה, סֻכּוֹת).

† סֻכּוֹת בְּנוֹת n. pr. div. 2 K 17:30, As.-Bab. deity, worshipped by Babylonians in Samaria; text of name corrupt; Schr:COT ad. loc. (after H. Rawlinson) prop. Zîr-bânit, or Zarpanituv, wife of Marduk (cf. Hpt:Andover Rev., May 1886 Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi (1892), 167), rejecting Sakkut-binûtu = Marduk Dl:Par 215; Jen:ZA iv. 352 makes בְּנוֹת = banîtu, epithet of Ištar; all doubtful.

† סֻכִּיִּים n. pr. m. pl. a people in army of Shishak acc. to 2 Ch 12:3 (between לוּבִים and כּוּשִׁים); LXX Τρωγλοδυται, so Vulgate; LXXL Σουχιειμ.

† I. [סָכַךְ] vb. overshadow, screen, cover (‖ √ to I. שׂכך (which is prob. orig., cf. Ar. شَكَّ, and Frä:90); NH הֵסֵיח cover, and perh. סִכֵּךְ roof over);—Qal Pf. only 2 ms. סַכֹּ֫תָ Ex 40:3, סַכֹּ֫תָה La 3:43, 3:44, סַכּ֫וֹתָה Ps 140:8; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּסֹ֫כּוּ 1 K 8:7, sf. יְסֻכֻּ֫הוּ Jb 40:22; Pt. act. סוֹכֵךְ Ez 28:14, 28:16, pl. סֹכֲבִים Ex 25:20 + 2 t.;—

1. screen, cover, usu. co. עַל־ of thing covered, 1 K 8:7, 1 Ch 28:18; + acc. of covering Ex 40:3 (P); + בְּ of covering 25:20, 37:9 (both P); c. לְ of thing covered Ps 140:8; so (+ בְּ instr.) בֶּעָנָן לָךְ ס׳ La 3:44 thou hast screened thyself with the clouds; c. acc. Jb 40:22 lotus-trees, as its shade, screen it; abs. Ez 28:14, 28:16 (difficult, text prob. corrupt, Co Toy del. as gloss).

2. reflex. cover oneself בָאַף ס׳ La 3:43 thou hast covered (clothed, panoplied) thyself with anger (si vera l.; cf. v:44 supr..). Hiph. Impf.. 3 ms. יָ֫סֶךְ לָךְ Ps 91:4, וַיָּ֫סֶךְ Ex 40:1 + 2 t.; 2 ms. תָּסֵךְ Ps 5:12; Inf. cstr.. הָסֵךְ 1 S 24:4; Pt. מֵסִיךְ Ju 3:24 (Ges:§ 67 v);—screen, cover, 1. specif. c. אֶת־רַגְלָיו, i.e. with long garments, euphemism for evacuating the bowels, from posture assumed, so inf. Ju 3:24, pt. 1 S 24:4 (cf. NH הֵסֵיח, and v. GFM, HPS). 2. elsewhere Impf., as Qal (expl. as Qal Ba:ZMG xliii (1889), 178), c. עַל־ Ex 40:21, of protection Ps 5:12; c. לְ pers. + בְּ instr. 91:4 (of protection). Pilp. סִכְסֵךְ, denom., v. sub IV. שׂבך. p. 967–68

† מָסָךְ n.[m.] covering, screen;—abs. מ׳ 2 S 17:19 + 11 t.; cstr. מָסַח Is 22:8 + 12 t.;—

1. covering, large cloth spread (פרשׂ) over well to hide persons within 2 S 17:19; fig. of protection, or of eye-screen, יְהוּדָה וַיְגַל אֶת־מ׳ Is 22:8; screen, of cloud Ps 105:39 (פרשׂ).

2. name given (in P) to each of three screens, of tabern.: a. at gate (שַׁעַר) of court Ex 27:16, 35:17, 38:18, 39:40, 40:8, 40:33, Nu 3:26 (פֶּתַח), 4:26. b. at entrance (פֶּתַח) of tent Ex 26:36, 26:37, 35:15, 36:37, 39:38, 40:5, 40:28, Nu 3:25, 3:31, 4:25, c. פָּרֹכֶת הַמּ׳ (v. פ׳), dividing off the Most Holy Place within the tent, Ex 35:12, 39:34, 40:21, Nu 4:5.

† [מְסֻכַָה] n.f. that with which one is covered, covering;—sf. מְסֻכַָתְָָ Ez 28:13 (so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. מְסֻכּ׳) all precious stones were thy covering (= thou wast covered with them);—the tradition is strong in favour of Raphē, but sense favours deriv. from סכך.

† [מוּסָךְ] n.m. architect. term (si vera l.) of some covered structure, otherwise unknown;—only cstr. מוּסַח־הַשַּׁכָּת 2 K 16:18 Qr (Kt מיסך i.e. מֵיסַךְ);—LXX τὸν θεμέλιον τν͂ς καθέδρας, i.e. מוּסַד הַשֶּׁבֶת ?

†II. [סָכַךְ] vb. weave together (‖ form of II. שָׂבַךְ; NH. Hiph. הֵסֵיח weave, סוּבָּה, booth,);—Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. תְּסֻכֵּנִי Ps 139:13 thou didst weave me together in my mother's womb. p. 968

† [סַךְ] n.[m.] throng (prop. an interwoven mass);—אֶעֱבֹר בַּסָָּח Ps 42:5 I used to pass along in the throng, so most; but word dub.

† [סֹךְ] n.[m.] thicket, covert, lair;—only sf. סֻכּוֹ Je 25:38 lair of י׳, under fig. of lion (but Gie סֻבְּכוֹ cf. 4:7), סֻכֹּה Ps 10:9 of lion (sim. of wicked; Bae סֻכָּה; Lag Che We סֻבְּכוֹ); סוּכּוֹ 76:3 his covert (of י׳ under fig. of lion; ‖מְעוֹנָתוֹ); for סֻכֹּה in his covert Ps 27:5 Qr rd. perh., with Kt סֻכָּה a booth (Ol Hup-Now Bae cf. 31:21).

† סֻכָּה n.f. thicket, booth (prop. of inter-woven boughs cf. Ne 8:15);—abs. ס׳ Is 1:8 +; cstr. סֻכָּת Am 9:11; sf. סֻכָּתוֹ Jb 36:29, Ps 18:12, and so rd. ‖ 2 S 22:12 (for MT סֻכּוֹת; De Hup-Now HPS); usu. pl. סֻכֹּת Gn 33:17 +; סֻכּוֹת 2 S 11:11 +;—

1. thicket, lurking-place of lions Jb 38:40 (cf. [סֹח] 1.).

2. booth, rude or temporary shelter, for cattle Gn 33:17 (J; distinct fr. בַּיִת), but also for warriors in the field 2 S 11:11, 1 K 20:12, 20:16; for watchers in vineyards Is 1:8 (sim.) Jb 27:18 (sim. of frailty), for man's shelter from sun Jon 4:5, cf. (fig.) Is 4:6 Ps 31:21, prob. also 27:5 (v. [סֹח]); poet. of fallen house (dynasty) of David Am 9:11; of clouds as (temporary) enclosure (AV ‘ pavilion ’) of י׳ in storm Ps 18:12 = 2 S 22:12, Jb 36:29.

3. specif. of booths, made of boughs, in which people lived at harvest-feast Lv 23:42, 23:42, 23:43 (H), Ne 8:14, 8:15, 8:16, 8:17, 8:17, hence called חַג הַסֻכּוֹת Dt 16:13, 16:16, 31:10, Lv 23:34 (P), Zc 14:16, 14:18, 14:19, 2 Ch 8:13, Ezr 3:4.

סֻכּוֹת:18 n.pr.loc.;—1. סֻכֹּ֫תָה (ה loc.) Gn 33:17, 33:17 (J; expl. from Jacob's making booths), elsewhere סֻכּוֹת;—city E. of Jordan Ju 8:5 + 6 t. Ju 8, Jos 13:27 (P); prob. also 1 K 7:46 = 2 Ch 4:17 (reading מַעְכֶּרֶת אֲדָמָה ford of Adamah GFM:Ju 7, 22 cf. Buhl:Geogr. 206 Benz:1 K 7:46); עֵמֶק ס׳ Ps 60:8 = 108:8 is Jordan-valley near succôth; on identify. cf. GFM:Ju 8, 5 Buhl:Geogr. 260 GASm:Geogr. 585, add reff.; acc. to Talm. Dêr ï‘alla, 1 m. N. of Jabbok Nbr:Geogr. du Talm. 248, so S. Merrill:East of Jordan 385 ff.; LXX Σοκχωθ (Σκηναί Gn 33 cf. PsalmPsalm).

† 2. סֻכֹּ֫תָה (ה loc.) Ex 12:37, elsewh. סֻכֹּת;—first station of Isr. at Exodus, Ex 12:37, 13:20, Nu 33:5, 33:6 (all P); = Egypt. Thku(t) WMM:As. u. Eur. 70, Thkw Steindorff:BAS i. 603; on site v. Naville:Pithom (1885), esp. pp. 6. 23 f. Guthe:ZPV viii (1885), 219 f.; LXX Σοκχωθ.

† סֹכֵךְ n.[m.] protector;—term. techn. of structure shielding stormers of city (Lat. testudo) הַסּ׳ Na 2:6; LXX τὰς προφνλακὰς ά̓τῶν.

† סְכָכָה n.pr.loc. in wilderness of Judah Jos 15:61; A Σοχοχα, LXXL Σχαχα. Site unknown.

† [סָכַל] vb. be foolish, or a fool, usu. in moral or spititual sense (Syr. ܣܟܰܠ Aph. act foolishly; ܣܰܟܠܳܐ foolish, etc., Targum סְכַל der. species, act foolishly; סַכְלָא fool; Chr Pal Aram. سكل, Aph. = ἁμαρτάνω, also deriv. Schwally:Idlot. 62; As. saklu, perh. foolish, Dl:HWB 498; Aram. ܣܟܰܠ סְכַל know, be intelligent, cause to understand, etc. (der. species), cf. שׂכל; Me:Chrest. Targ. derives both these opp. mngs. fr. Ar. ܫܰܟܳܠܽܢ form, likeness. Gerber:178 thinks Heb. vb. denom.);—Piel Impf. יְסַכֵּל Is 44:25, Imv. סַכֶּל־נָא 2 S 15:31, make foolish, turn into foolishness. Niph. Pf. 2 ms. נִסְכַּלְתָּ 2 Ch 16:9; נִסְכָָּלְתָּ 1 S 13:13; 1 S. נִסְכַּלְתִּי 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8, act or do foolishly. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִסְכַּלְתָּ Gn 31:28 (E), 1 S. הִסְכַּלְתִּי 1 S 26:21, do foolishly, play the fool.

† סָכָל n.m. fool (on format. cf. Lag:BN 48):—Je 5:21, Ec 2:19, 7:17, 10:3, 10:3, 10:14, pl. adj. סְכָלִים Je 4:22.

† סֶ֫כֶל n.m. folly;—Ec 10:6.

† סִכְלוּת, שִׂכְלוּת n.f. folly;—ס׳ Ec 2:3, 2:12, 2:13, 7:25, 10:1, 10:13; שׁ׳ Ec 1:17 (שׂ erroneously for ס).

† I. [סָכַן] vb. be of use of service, benefit (Tel Am. sakânu, care for (c. prep. ana) Zim:ZA vi. 248 Wkl:TA Gloss.; Ph. סכן prefect Lzb:329; cf. perh. Tel Am. zukini as loan-word Wkl:l. c.);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. only Jb.: יִסְכֹּן 22:2, וֹן- 15:3, יִסְכָּן־ 22:2 + 2 t.; Pt. סֹכֵן Is 22:15; f. סֹכֶ֫נֶת 1 K 1:2, 1:4; —

1. be of use or service, only pt. וּתְהִי לוֹ ס׳ 1 K 1:2 and let her become servitress to him, so v:4 (+ וְתְּשָׁרֲתֵהוּ); סֹכֵן Is 22:15 = servitor, steward.

2. benefit, profit, abs. Jb 15:3; c. לְ pers. 22:2, 35:3, עַל־ pers. 22:2; c. acc. 34:9 (or abs. gain benefit, גבר subj.). Hiph. Pf. 1 S. הִסְכַּ֫נְתִּי Nu 22:20; 2 ms. הִסְבַָּנְתָּה Ps 139:3; Imv. הַסְכֶּן־נָא Jb 22:21; Inf. abs. הַסְכֵּן Nu 22:30; —be used, wont, strictly exhibit use, or habit, הַהַסְכֵּן הִסְכַּנְתִּי לַעֲשׂוֹת לְְ כֹּה Nu 22:30 (J) have I ever shewn the habit of doing thus to thee? hence shew harmony with (עִם) one Jb 22:21, be familiar with, know intimately (subj. י׳) Ps 139:3 (c. acc. דְּרָכַי).

† מִסְכְּנוֹת n.f.pl. supply, storage (Dl:Pr 186);—מ׳(חַ) עָרֵי Ex 1:11 (J), 1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6, 2 Ch 8:4, 17:12; ע׳ מ׳ 16:4 prob. corrupt (Be al.; v. עִיר); מ׳ alone 32:28 storage-places, magazines.

II. סָכַן] vb. incur danger (late) (NH id. Pi. endanger, Hiph. be endangered, סַכָּנָה danger, etc.; Aram. סְכַן id., cf. Levy:NHWB iii. 526 f. De:HL und Koheleth 203; Eng. Trans. 194);—Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּכֶן־בָּם Ec 10:9 he that cleaveth (logs of) wood endangers himself by them.

† III. [סָכַן] vb. (so most) be poor, but v. infr.;—Pu. Pt. הַמְסֻכָּן תְּרוּמָה Is 40:20 usu., he who is impoverished in respect to offering, but very dub.; v. conject. in Du (against him Di-Kit) Skinner Zim:ZA ix.111 Che:Heb. Hpt.—מִסְכֵּן poor, מִסְכֵּנֻת poverty, v. p. 587.

[סִכְסֵךְ] v. sub IV. שׂכך p. 697, 968

I. [סָכַר] vb. shut up, stop up (Aram. סְכַר, ܣܟܰܪ shut up, stop up, dam up; Ar. سكَرَ fill, stop up, dam (river), etc., also also close, stop up door, Lane:1390; As. sikêru, dam up, II. 2. stop ears; cf. sikkuru, bolt Dl:HWB 499; appar. kindr. with סגר;—hence Egypt. t’akar, barrier, Bondi:88);—Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּכֵר פִּי וגו׳ Ps 63:12 the mouth of liars shall be stopped; 3 mpl. וַיִּסָּֽכְרוּ Gn 8:2 (P) and the springs of the deep etc., were shut up. Pi. Pf. וְסִכַרְתִּ֫י אֶת־מִחְרַיִם בְּיַד Is 19:4 and I will shut up (deliver) Egypt into the hand of, etc. (cf. סגר, מגן). p. 171, 689

†II. [סָכַר] vb. hire ( = שָׂכַר; ס erroneously for שׂ);—only Qal Pt. pl. וְסֹכְרִים Ezr 4:5 and hiring against (על) them agents. p. 968

† [סָכַת] vb. be silent (Ar. سكَتَ id., Lane:1389; Sam. skl pay attention, cf. Thes; Ar. = also be quiet (in gen.), = Syr. ܣܟܰܬ, a differentiated √ ?);—Hiph. declar. shew silence: Imv. ms. הַסְכֵּת Dt 27:9 keep silence and listen (cf. נִסְכַּת Ecclus 13:23).

סַל v. סלל p. 700

† סִלָּא word in (unintelligible) design. loc., בֵּית מִלּאֹ הַיֹּרֵד ס׳ 2 K 12:21; Th conj. מְסִלָּה highway, Klo בְּמוֹרַד מִלּאֹ other conj. in Benz.

† [סָלָא] vb. weigh (Ar. سَلَأَ pay promptly Lane:1398; cf. Sab. סלא consecrate, devote Hom:ZMG xivi (1892), 531; Süd-Arab. Chrest. 124);—only Pu. Pt. הַמְסֻלָּאִים בַּפָָּז La 4:2 they who were weighed against gold, reckoned of such value.—Cf. also II. סלה.

† [סָלַד] vb. very dubious, perh. spring (NH start or spring back, as hand from fire; v. Levy);—Pi. Impf. 1 S. וַאֲסַלְּדָה Jb 6:10 and I would spring (for joy) in (my) anguish.

† סֶ֫לֶד n.p.r.m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:30, 2:30, LXX Σαλαδ, LXXL Σαλεδ.

†I. [סָלָה] vb. make light of, toss aside (cf. As. salû, throw off, shake off (yoke) Dl:500; Ar. سلو, سَلَا is be forgetful, neglectful Lane:1417; Aram. סְלָא despise, ܣܠܳܐ reject);—Qal Pf. 2 ms. סָלִיתָ Ps 119:118 thou dost make light of all those that err from thy statutes.—Cf. also סַלּוֹן infr. Pi. intens. Pf. 3 ms. סִלָּה La 1:15 Adonay hath flouted at my mighty ones.

†II. [סָלָה] vb. weigh, balance (‖ form of סָלָא q.v);—Pu. Impf. 3 fs. לאֹ־תְסֻלֶּה בְּכֶתֶם Jb 28:16 it cannot be weighed against (estimated in) gold of Ophir, cf. v:19.

סֶ֫לָה v. סלל below

† סַלּוּ n.pr.m. a priest, Zerub.'s time, acc. to Ne 12:7 (LXXL Σαλονια), = סַלַּי v:20 LXXL Σαλοναι; om. BA in both).

† סָלוא n.pr.m. a Simeonite Nu 25:14, LXX Σαλμων, A Σαλω, LXXL Σαλωμ.

† סַלּוּא n.pr.m. a post-exil. Benjamite 1 Ch 9:7 (LXX Σαλωμ, A Σαλω) = סַלֻּא Ne 11:7 (LXX Σηλω, LXXL Σαμαα).

† [סַלּוֹן], סִלּוֹן n.m. brier (√ unknown):— סִלּוֹן מַמְאִיר Ez 28:24 a pricking brier (fig. of national distress; ‖קוֹץ מַכְאִב); pl. סַלּוֹנִים 2:6 ( + סָרָבִים; Co [after Vrss] Berthol [not Toy] rd. (אותך) סֹרְבִים וְסֹלִים resisting and despising thee; סִל׳ is then Pt. from I. סלה).

† סַלַּי n.pr.m. 1. Ne 12:20 = סַלּוּ q.v. 2. סַלָָּי a Benjamite Ne 11:8, LXX Σηλε(ε)ι.

† [סָלַח] vb. forgive, pardon (Targum סְלַת id., NH סְלִיחָה forgiveness):— Qal Pf. 2 ms. סָלַחְתָּ Ex 34:9 + 9 t., סָלָָחְתָּ La 3:42 + 2 t.; 1 s. סָלַחְתִּי Nu 14:20 + 2 t.; Impf. 3 ms. יִסְלַח 30:6 + 4 t.; 1 s. אֶסְלַה Je 31:34 + 3 t. + 5:7 Qr (Kt אֶסְלוֹהַ); Imv. סְלַח Nu 14:19, Am 7:2; סְלָָחָה Dn 9:19; Inf. סְלֽתַ Dt 29:19, 2 K 24:4; סְלוֹתַ Is 55:7; Pt. act. סֹלֵחַ Ps 103:3; —forgive, pardon, always of God:abs. Nu 14:20 (J), 1 K 8:30, 8:39 = 2 Ch 6:21, 6:30, 2 K 24:4, Is 55:7, Am 7:2, La 3:42, Dn 9:19; c. לְ of the sin Ex 34:9, Nu 14:19 (both J), Je 31:34, 33:8, 36:3, Ps 25:11, 103:3, 1 K 8:34, 8:36 = 2 Ch 6:23, 6:27, 2 Ch 7:14; + לְ of sinner Dt 29:19, 1 K 8:50 = 2 Ch 6:39, 2 K 5:18, 5:18, Je 5:1, 5:7, 50:20, and in law, Nu 30:6, 30:9, 30:13 (P). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִסְלַח c. לְ term. techn. in code of P, it shall be forgiven him לוֹ Lv 4:26, 4:31, 4:35, 5:10, 5:13, 5:16, 5:18, 5:26, 19:22, Nu 15:28; them לַהֶם Lv 4:20, Nu 15:25; לְכָל־עֲדַת וגו׳ v:26.

† סַלָּח adj. ready to forgive, forgiving ;—אַתָּה אֲדֹנָי טוֹב וְס׳ Ps 86:5 thou Lord art king and forgiving.

† סְלִיחָה n.f. forgiveness (late; on format. v. Kö:ii. 1, 197) ;—ס׳ Ps 130:4; pl. abstr. Intens. abundant forgiveness, סְלִיחוֹת Ne 9:17, סְלִחוֹת Dn 9:9.

† סַלְכָה n. pr. loc. city on E. border of Bashan, Dt 3:10, Jos 12:5, 13:11 (all D), 1 Ch 5:11; = Nab. עלתד (Lzb:358 Cook:101), mod. Ṣalḫad, Ṣarḫad, on S. spur of Jebel Hauran, c. 63 m. due E. of Jordan; cf. Buhl:Geogr. 252 Dr:Dt 3:10; LXX Σελχα, Ελχα, etc. (Σ lost often after ἔως).

†I. [סָלַל] vb. lift up, cast up (NH סִלְסֵל esteem highly, סִלְסוּל loftiness, distinction; סוּלָּם ladder; Targum סוּלְּמָא id.; MI:26 מסלת highway; Ph. סלמת stair (?) Lzb:329; As. sellu, sillu, perh. breast-works Dl:HWB 501; Ar. سَلّ is draw out, forth Lane:1395 = שָׁלַל, but سُلَّمُ ladder (a loan-wd. acc. to Schwally:ZMG liii (1899), 197), cf. סֻלָּם; v. also ṭrry, siege-wall, Egypt. loan-word from סֹלְלָה acc. to WMM:As. u. Eur. 101);—Qal Impf. וַיָּסֹ֫לּוּ Jb 19:12, 30:12; Imv. mpl. סֹ֫לּוּ Is 57:14 + 4 t.; sf. סָלּוּהָ Je 50:26 (cf. סֶ֫לָה); Pt. pass. סְלוּלָה Je 18:15; סְלֻלָה Pr 15:19; —

1. cast up a highway: מְסִלָּה ס׳ Is 62:10, 62:10, without obj. Is 57:14, 57:14, דֶּרֶח לאֹ סְלוּלָה Je 18:15; fig. of path of upright Pr 15:19.

2. cast up a way: דֶּרֶח c. על against, Jb 19:12 (of besieger, in fig.), ארה Jb 30:12 (of besetting foe); Bab. as a heap of garbage Je 50:26.

3. lift up (a song) Ps 68:5, c. לְ pers. (‖שׁיר, זמּר; most as 1.). Pilp. Imv. sf. סַלְסְלֶהָ Pr 4:8 exalt her (i.e. Wisdom), i.e. (cf. Toy) esteem highly, prize. Hithp. Pt. מִסְתּוֹלֵל Ex 9:17 (J) exalt oneself, c. בְּ against (denom. from סֹלְלָה acc. to Gerber:52); cf. Ecclus 39:24, 40:28.

† סֶָלָה vb. lift up (voices in ברוך לעולם), or exalt (לעולם י׳) (Imv. of סָלַל (cf. Pr 4:8, Ps 68:5; חִגָּיוֹן סלה 9:17, v. הִגּ׳), properly סָֹלָּה, סֶָלֶה poss. Qr = נֶחַה, Hexapla σελ but cf. הֶָרָה Ew:554 Kö:ii. 1, 539; LXX Sym Theod διάΨαλμα, expl. Suidas μέλους ἐναλλαγή; Theodoret Hippolytus μέλους μεταβολή (cf. Hexapla Hb 3:3 μεταβολὴ διαΨάλματος; Syr. Hexapla Aq. עוניתא in 5 PsalmPsalm, Field in Ps 38:12); LXX adds διάΨαλμα e.g. 2:2, 34:11, 94:15, after final editing of Heb. Psalter ; so Psalms of Sol. 17:31, 18:10 on same principles as in MT; used therefore with full knowledge that it indicated some kind of interruption or change in the regular rendering. סלה is used in שמונה עשרה after Benedictions 3, 18, and after other early Jewish prayers, shewing knowledge, c. 100 A. D. ; Aq. gives ἀεί (Theod. also Ps 9:17) ; Sexta διαπαντός (except 20:4 εἰς τέλος); Quinta εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας Jer. semper, Targum usu. לעלמא, לעלמין; but 39:6 לחיי עלמא, 44:9 לעלמי עלמין, 48:9 עד עלמי עלמין, 49:14 לעלמא דאתי; uniform tradition best expl. by closing contents of the Benedictions, מהעולם ועד העולם. So Jer. classes sela with amen and salom; and Jacob of Edessa in Bar Hebr. 10:1 cp. Christian Amen of the people after Gloria);—this interpr. agrees with usage: 71 t. in 39 PsalmPsalm, 3 t. Hb 3 (taken from Minor Psalter למנחח, v. נחח); it occurs at end of 3:9, 24:10, 46:12 (om. LXX), 9:21 (LXX combines 9 and 10); elsewh. at close of strophe, 3:3, 3:5, 4:3, 4:5, 7:6, 9:17, 24:6, 32:4, 32:5, 32:7, 39:6, 39:12, 46:4, 46:8, 47:5, 48:9, 49:13 (so rd. MT v:14 by error) v:16, 50:6, 52:5, 52:7, 54:5, 59:6, 59:14, 61:5, 62:5, 62:9, 66:4, 66:7, 66:15, 67:5, 68:20, 76:4, 76:10, 77:4, 77:10, 77:16, 81:8, 82:2, 83:9, 84:5, 84:9, 88:8, 88:11, 89:38, 89:46, 140:4, 140:6, 140:9, 143:6; or where citations have been made, 44:9, 55:8, 57:7, 60:6, 67:2, 68:8, 68:33, 89:5, Hb 3:3, 3:9; or where extracts might be made for liturgical purposes, 20:4, 21:3, 55:20, 75:4, 85:3, 87:3, 87:6, 89:49; so 57:3 (LXX for MT v:4) Hb 3:13.—Of PsalmPsalm c. סֶלָה, 23 used in Elohistic Psalter, 28 in Director's Psalter, 39 in final editing of Psalter. These editors found it in earlier Psalters. Davidic Psalter uses 20 of them, so few in proportion that it is not characteristic of this Psalter; but Korahite 9 (out of 12), and Asaph 7 + 80:8 [LXX] (prob. 8 out of 12); appar. it came into use in time of these editors. In Diretor's Psalter musical terms are added to 19 of the 28 it uses (and only to ten others, of which some could hardly use סלה); PsalmPsalm with סלה all (except 61, 81) name the kind of Psalm in title: 3 מִכְתָּם, 7 מַשְׂכִּיל, 10 שִׁיר, 26 (27) others מִזְמוֹר, Hb 3 תְּפִלָּה; ס׳ is esp. frequent with שִׁיר and מַשְׂכִּיל, terms associated with musical rendering. It prob. came into use in late Persian period in connexion with PsalmPsalm used with musical accompaniment in public worship, to indicate place of benedictions. It was not added by later editors to other psalms; but was revived in first century B.C., and continued in use for some time (v. Jacob: ZAW xvi (1896), 129 f. Br:JBL 1809 EGBriggs:AM. J. Sem. Lang. Oct. 1899, 1 ff.).

† סֹלְלָה n.f. mound;—ס׳ 2 S 20:15 + 7 t.; סוֹלְלָה Dn 11:15; pl. סֹלְלוֹת Je 32:24, 33:4.—שָׁפַךְ ס׳ עַל־הָעִיר cast up mound against the city , besieging it, 2 K 19:32 = Is 37:33, Je 6:6, Ez 4:2, 26:8; c. אֶל 2 S 20:15 (error for על); without על העיר Ez 17:17, 21:17, Dn 11:15 without vb. Je 32:24, 33:4.

† סֻלָּם n. m. ladder;—Gn 28:12 (E).

† מְסִלָּה n. f. highway;—מ׳ Is 11:16 + 12 t.; cstr. מְסִלַּת Is 7:3 + 3 t.; sf. מְסִלָּתוֹ Jo 2:8; pl. מְסִלּוֹת Is 33:8 + 5 t.; sf. מְסִלֹּתַי Is 49:11; מְסִלּוֹתָם Ju 5:20, Is 59:7; —raised way, highway, public road (never of street in city) Nu 20:19, Ju 20:31, 20:32, 20:45, 21:19, 1 S 6:12, 2 S 20:12, 20:12, 20:13, 2 K 18:17 = Is 36:2, 1 Ch 26:16, 26:18, Is 7:3, 11:16, 19:23, 33:8, 49:11, 59:7, Je 31:21; ישּׁר מ׳ Is 40:3; סלל מ׳ Is 62:10; in a fig. sense, of the courses of the stars Ju 5:20; the march of locusts Jo 2:8; the conduct of the upright Pr 16:17; of the ascents to Zion in the mind of the pious Ps 84:6 (LXX: Bae rds. מַעֲלוֹת).—In 2 Ch 9:11 מסלות is error for (ות)מִסְעָד of ‖ 1 K 10:12.

† מַסְלוּל n. m. highway;—Is 35:8 (foll. ודרך corrupt; LXX ὁδὸς καθαρά).

II. סלל (√ of foll.; cf. NH סִלְסֵל plait, curl hair; NH סַל Targum סַלָּא, Talm. סִילְתָּא, Syr. ܣܰܠܳܐ Chr Pal Aram. ܣܠܐ, all = basket; Ar. سَلُّ, سَلَّةلُ prob. loan-wd. Frä:75 f.; cf. Schwally:Idiot. 63).

† סַל n.m.:Gn 40, 16 basket;—ס׳ abs. Gn 40:17 + ; cstr. Ex 29:23 +; pl. סַלִּים Gn 40:18; cstr. סַלֵּי v:16; —basket Gn 40:16, 40:17, 40:17, 40:18 (E) Ju 6:19; Ex 29:3, 29:3, 29:28, 29:32, Lv 8:2, 8:26, 8:31, Nu 6:15, 6:17, 6:19.

† [סַלְסִלָּה] n.[f.] basket acc. to LXX Vulgate AV RV; but prob. shoot, branch Ew Hi Gf Gie al.; only pl. abs. כְּבוֹחֵר (rd. prob. יָד) הָשֵׁד יָֽדְְ עַל־סַלְסִלּוֹת Je 6:9.

סלע (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. سَلَعَ cleave, split, سِلْعُ cleft, fissure, Lane:1406, hence סֶלַע split, jagged cliff, crag, oft. isolated (split off) rock (cf. Wetzst:De Is 3, 696–707; and esp. ZAW iii (1883), 273); then of smaller fragments, NH סֶלַע rock, stone, also scale (of serpent), weight (in trade); Aram. סִלְעָא specif. weight for coin; Nab. סלי, a coin Lzb:329 Cook:85).

I. סֶ֫לַע:61 n. m.:Ju 6:20 crag, cliff, synon. חוּר;—abs. ס׳ Ju 6:20 +, סָָלַע Nu 20:10 +; cstr. סֶ֫לַע 1 S 23:28; sf. סַלְעִי 2 S 22:2 + , סַלְעוֹ Is 31:9; pl. סְלָעִים Is 2:21 +;—

1. lit. cliff, crag Ju 6:20, Is 2:21, 7:19, Am 6:12, Nu 20:8, 20:8, 20:10, 20:10, 20:11 (cf. Ne 9:15, Ps 78:16, and contr. the חוּר of Ex 17:6), Nu 24:21, Dt 32:13 (not elsewh. Hex), + 10 t.; שֵׁן הַסּ׳ 1 S 14:4, 14:4 tooth of the crag, i.e. sharp crag, so Jb 39:28; excav. in cliff as place of burial Is 22:16; abode of wild animals, יַעֲלֵי־ס׳ v:1, cf. Ps 104:18, Pr 30:26, of birds Jb 39:28, Ct 2:14 (in fig.), cf. Je 48:28, so of Edom Ob:3 = Je 49:16; cf. (Nu 24:21 supr. and) Is 42:11; particular cliffs are: עֵיטָם ס׳ Ju 15:8, 15:11 cf. v:13, רִמּוֹן(הָ) ס׳ 20:45, 20:47, 20:47, 21:13 הַמַּחְלְקוֹת ס׳ 1 S 23:28 cf. v:25; v. also II. סֶלַע. †

2. fig., esp. סַלְעִי of י׳ (only Psalm Psalm), Ps 18:3 = 2 S 22:2, Ps 31:4, 42:10, 71:3; of As. god Is 31:9 (prob.; cf. חוּר Dt 32:31, 32:37); כָּבֵד חֵל ס׳ Is 32:2 (sim. of protecting care); fig. of security Ps 40:3 (feet on cliff), מְחָדוֹת סְלָעִים מִשְׂגַּבּוֹ Is 33:16; symb. of obstinacy חִזְּקוּ פְנֵיהֶם מִסּ׳ Je 5:3; חְחִיחַ ס׳ (bare cliff, lit. glare of [the] cliff), in fig. of openness, flagrancy Ez 24:7, 24:8, of razed city 26:4, 26:14 (only here Ez); in fig. of fall of Bab. Je 51:25.

† II. סֶ֫לַע n. pr. loc. in Edom, מֵהַהַסּ׳ Ju 1:36 (del. מֵ, cf. GFM); הַסּ׳ captured in war 2 K 14:7 (and called יָקְתְאֵל); מִסּ׳ Is 16:1; site dub.; old identif. with Petra denied, plausibly, by Buhl:Edom GFM:Ju 1:36 (who thinks of an actual cliff), but held Benz:2 K 14:7 Bd:Pal (1898), 206; LXX (ἡ) πέτρα.

† סָלְעָם n. m. an edible, winged, locust (NH id.; swallower, consumer, cf. Targum סַלְעֵם swallow up, destroy; Ar. سَلْغَفَ vb. swallow, Kö:ii. 1, 404);—Lv 11:22 (+ אַרְבֶּה, חַרְגֹּל, חַגָב).

סָלַף vb. twist, pervert, overturn (Targum סְלַף twist (rare); Ar. سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, come to naught Lane:1407 f.);—Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְסַלֵּף Jb 12:19 + 2 t., וַיְסַלֵּף Pr 22:12; 3 fs. תְּסַלֵּף Pr 13:6, 19:3; Pt. מְסַלֵּף Pr 21:12; —

1. pervert, Ex 23:8 (E) a bribe perverteth the case (cause, דִּבְרֵי) of righteous, = Dt 16:19.

2. subvert, turn upside down, ruin (only WisdLt): c. acc. pers. Jb 12:19, Pr 13:6 (opp. תִּצֹּר), 21:12; אִוֶּלֶת אָדָם תּ׳ דַּרְכּוֹ 19:3 a man's folly subverteth his way; וַיְסַלֵּף דִּבְרֵי בֹגֵד 22:12 and he (י׳) subverteth the affairs of a treacherous man.

† סֶ֫לֶף n. m.:Pr 11:3 Qr crookedness, crooked dealing:—ס׳ abs. Pr 15:4 (of tongue); cstr. בֹּגְדִים ס׳ 11:3.

† סָלֵק vb. ascend (loan-word from Aram. סְלֵיק, ܣܠܶܩ; Palm. סלק id., Lzb:329 Cook:85; NH סלק Pi. remove; Ar. سَلَقَ ascend, Lane:1410 (also loan-word ?));—only Qal Impf. 1 S. אֶסַּק Ps 139:8 if I ascend to heaven (שָׁמַיִם ), thou art there (on form, = …אֶסְלַק, v. Ges:§ 66 e Kö:i. 301 Kau:§ 44).

סֹ֫לֶת:53 n. f.:Lv 2:5 (cf. on gender Albrecht:ZAW xvi (1896), 106) fine flour (LXX σεμίδαλις, Vulgate simila) (NH id.; Aram. סוּלְתָּא; Ar. سُلْتُ a kind of barley without husks Lane:1401; As. sillatu, or šillatu, a kind of grain (?) Meissner-Rost:BAS iii, 361; also ṯulṯȧ, ṯuruti<~?~>WAITING FOR PRADIS ENTITY TO REPLACE (UNDERCIRCLE) ˜, flour, as loan-word in Egypt., Bondi:84 WMM:As. u. Eur. 101);—abs. ס׳ Gn 18:6 +, cstr. ס׳ Ex 29:9 +; sf. סָלְתָּהּ Lv 2:2; —fine flour, used in king's household 1 K 5:2 (‖קֵמַח), for honoured guests קֶמַח ס׳ Gn 18:6 (J), a sₑÕ’āh of it sold for a shekel in time of scarcity 2 K 7:1, 7:16, 7:18 (v. Benz); luxurious food Ez 16:13, 16:19 (of Jerus. under fig. of woman); elsewh. only in offerings Ez 46:14, 1 Ch 9:29, 23:29, and P; חִטִּים ס׳ Ex 29:2, ס׳ v:40, Lv 2:1 + 13 t. Lv., Nu 6:15 + 26 t. Nu.

סַם v. סמם. p. 702

† סַמְגַּר נְבוֹ n. pr. m. an officer of Nebuchad. acc. to MT Je 39:3 = (assumed) Šumgir Nabu (Schr:COT), but prob. text. err.; Gie (plausibly) takes סמגר as crpt. dittogr. of רב מג, and joins נבו to foll., נבושׂרסכים = נְבוּשַׁזְבַּן, cf. v:13 and LXX Σαμαγωθ (Σαμαγαδ, Σαμαγαρ, etc.) καὶ Ναβουσαχαρ.

† [סְמָדֵר ?], also סְמָדַ֔ר֖, סְמָדַָר n. m.:Ct 7:13 blossom of grape (just at flowering Duval:REJ xiv (1887), 227 ff. NH id.; Aram. סמדר, ܣܡܽܘܕܳܐ, Mand. סימאדרא Nö:M. 128);—alw. abs. ס׳, only Ct: הַגְּפָנִים סְמָדַר֖ 2:13 the vines are (all) blossom; כְּרָמִים סְמָדַָר v:15 (on bold predicate cf. Ges:§ 141 d); פִּתַּךְִ הַסְּמָדַ֔ר 7:13 the blossom has opened (its buds).

סָמַךְ:48 vb. lean, lay, rest, support (NH id.; Ph. in n. pr. Lzb:317, 329; Aram. סְמַח, ܣܡܰܟ; also Eth. (samaka) 0asmaka: cause to lean upon, etc. Di:335; Ar. سَمَكَ is be high, ascend, raise, uplift, سَمْكُ roof;—Qal:41 Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Dt 34:9, Ez 24:2, וְסָמַח consec. Am 5:19 +; 3 fs. סָֽמְכָה Ps 88:8, sf. סְמָכָָתְהוֹ Is 59:16, סְמָכָָתְנִי 63:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסְמֹח Lv 8:14, Nu 27:23, sf. יִסְמְכֵ֫נִי Ps 3:6, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. סָמְכֵנִי Ps 119:116; Pt. act. סוֹמֵח Is 63:5 + 3 t.; pl. cstr. סֹמְכֵי Ez 30:6, Ps 54:6; pass. סָמוּח Is 26:3, Ps 112:8; pl. סְמוּכִים 111:8; —

1. a. lean or lay hand upon (עַל־): Am 5:19; elsewh. in sacred rite: on head of sacrif. victim, as those who share in sacrif., Ex 29:10, 29:15, 29:19, Lv 1:4 + 12 t. Lv, Nu 8:12 (all P), 2 Ch 29:23; so of Levites, presented to י׳ Nu 8:10 (P); on head of blasphemer Lv 24:14 (P; as witnesses of his guilt); on head of Joshua in consecration (Moses subj.) Nu 27:18, 27:23, Dt 34:9 (all P). b. intrans. Ps 88:8 thy wrath hath rested upon me (עָלַי); also סָמַךְ מֶלֶח־בָּבֶל אֶל־ Ez 24:2 hath leaned against, rested his weight upon, Jerusalem, i.e. invested (Toy), begun the siege of it. †

2. support, uphold, sustain, only fig.: c. 2 acc. Gn 27:37 (J) with corn and must have I sustained him, provided sustenance for him, cf. (of י׳) Ps 51:14; uphold Egypt Ez 30:6; abs. Is 63:5; esp. of י׳ upholding, sustaining Is 59:16, 63:5, Ps 3:6, 37:17, 37:24, 54:6 (on בְּ essentiae v. Ges:§ 119 i, בְּ supr. 7 a), 119:116, 145:14; so pt. pass. Ps 111:8 they are sustained, i.e. maintained (י׳'s commands), סָמוּח לִבּוֹ) 112:8 his heart is sustained, firm, and so יֵחֶר ס׳ Is 26:3. † Niph. Pf. 1 S. נִסְמַ֫כְתִּי Ps 71:6; 3 pl. נִסְמָָכוּ Is 48:2; Impf. יִסָּמֵךְ 2 K 18:21, Is 36:6, וַיִּסָּמֵח Ju 16:29; 3 mpl. וַיִּסָּֽמְכוּ 2 Ch 32:8; —reflex. support, or brace oneself, also c. עַל־:Ju 16:29 and he braced himself against (upon) them (the pillars); 2 K 18:21 (if) a man support himself on it (Egypt as a cracked reed) = Is 36:6; on cheering words 2 Ch 32:8; on God Is 48:2, Ps 71:6. † Pi. Imv. mpl. sf. + בְּ instr,: סַמְּכוּנִי Ct 2:5 sustain (refresh, revive) me with raisin-cakes.

† סְמַכְיָהוּ n. pr. m. (cf. Gray:Prop. N. 294, No. 89; = י׳ hath sustained);—Korahite name 1 Ch 26:7; LXX Σαβχεια, A LXXL Σαμαχια(ς).

† יִסְמַכְיָ֫הוּ n. pr. m. (י׳ sustaineth, but perh. rd. סמ׳ as foreg. Gray:Prop. N. 291, No. 60);—Levite name 2 Ch 31:13; LXX Σαμαχ(ε)ια.

† סֶ֫מֶל n. m.:Ez 8:5 perh. orig. n. pr. div., then gen. image, statue (Ph. סמל id., f. סמלת, Lzb:151, 329, also פנסמלת Id:329; Bau:Rel. i. 88 understands ס׳ to be design. of foreign god);—abs. הַסּ׳ 2 Ch 33:7, 33:15, סָָמֶל Dt 4:16; cstr. סֵ֫מֶל Ez 8:3, 8:5; —image, figure of anything, פֶּסֶל תְּמוּנַת כָּל־ס׳ Dt 4:16; idol-image פֶּסֶל הַסּ׳ 2 Ch 33:7 and (פֶּסֶל om.) v:15; סֵמֶל הַקִּנְאָה Ez 8:3 the statue of jealousy, i.e. that rouses י׳'s jealousy, = v:5.

סמם (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; if akin to Ar. شَمُّ smell Lane:1593, مَشْمُومُ any fragrant plant Id:1594, then ס must be for שׂ; in that case ס׳ perh. loan-word in Heb.; NH id., spice, drug (Ecclus שׂ׳ 38:4 m.), Aram. סַמָּא id.; ܣܰܡܳܐ drug, pigment; Ar. سَمُّ poison is appar. loan-word Frä:262).

[סַם]:16 n. m. spice, used in incense;—only pl. abs. סַמִּים, and only P Ch; Ex 30:34, 30:34, elsewh. סַּמִּים(הַ) קְטֹרֶת incense of spices 25:6 + 8 t. Ex, Lv 4:7, 16:12, Nu 4:16, 2 Ch 2:3, 3:11.

† סמן vb. whence Niph. Pt. נִסְמָן Is 28:25 (si vera l.) barley in an appointed place, or a determined portion (cf. Ges Hi De al.), but נ׳ lacking in LXX and plausibly taken as dittogr. for כֻּסֶּמֶת by We:Prol. 417; Gesch. Isr. i. 409 Che:Comm. and Hpt. Du; cf. Brd Gu:Kau.

† סָמַר vb. bristle up (Lag:BN 106 cp. Ar. شَمَرُ contract; in that case ס׳ for שׂ׳);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. מִפַּחְדְְּ בְשָׂרִי ס׳ Ps 119:20 from fear of thee did my flesh bristle up, ‘ creep. ’ Pi. Impf. תְּסַמֵּר שַׂעֲרַת בְּשָׂרִי Jb 4:15.

† סָמָר adj. bristling, rough;—יֶלֶק ס׳ Je 51:27 bristling locust, perh. with allusion to horn-like sheaths enclosing wings of the pupa, v. Dr:Joe1 and Amos, 58 (on format. cf. Lag:BN 50).

† [מַסְמֵר] n. m.:Ec 12:11 nail (connexion with above √ dub.; Targum מַסְמְרָא, ChrPalAram. ܡܣܡܪܝܐ Schwally:63. 122; NH vb. סמר nail on or up; Ar. مِسْمَارُ is perh. loan-word Frä:89);—pl. abs. מַסְמְרִים Is 41:7, מִסְמְרִים 1 Ch 22:3 (of iron; on —ִ v. Ges:§ 85 f.); also מַסְמְרוֹת Je 10:4 (+ מַקָּבוֹת), מַשְׂמְרוֹת נְטוּעִים, Ec 12:11(sim.; + דָּרְבֹנוֹת), and מִסְמְרוֹת 2 Ch 3:9 (of gold).

† סְנָאָה appar. n. pr. m. בְּנֵי ס׳ Ezr 2:35 = Ne 7:38, בְּנֵי הַסּ׳ Ne 3:3; LXX Σαανα, Σανανα(τ), etc., LXXL Σενναα; Mey:Judenth. 150, 154 rds. סְנֻאָה (ס׳ for שׂ׳, cf. סְנוּאָה) = sons of the hated (rejected) woman, i.e. the poorer classes of Jerusalem.

† סַנְבַּלַּט (so Baer; van d. H. Ginsb סַנְבַלַּט) n. pr. m. leader of Samaritan opponents of Nehemiah: Ne 2:10, 2:19, 3:33, 4:1, 6:1, 6:2, 6:5, 6:12, 6:14, 13:28; (Bab., = Sin-uballiṭ, Sin gave life Schr:COT Ne 2, 10).

† סְנֶה n. m.:Ex 3:2 a thorny bush, perh. black-berry bush (cf. Löw:No. 219; rubus fruticosus Linn.; Aram. סַנְיָא, ܣܰܢܝܳܐ thorn-bush, As. sinû, Meissner:ZA vi. 293 blackberry bush (M. thinks Aram. ס׳ loan-word from this); Ar. سَنَنا senna, Lane:1449);—abs. ס׳ Ex 3:2, 3:2, 3:4, מְנֶ֑ה v:2, v:3 (all E) Dt 33:16 (akin to E).

† סֶָנֶּה n. pr. rup. (= thorny, cf. GASm:Geogr. 250 n. HPS:ad loc.);—a cliff opp. the cliff called בּוֹחֵץ 1 S 14:4 (Ginsb as here; Baer סֵָנֶּה, van d. H. סֶָנֶה); LXX Σεννααρ.

† סְנוּאָה n. pr. m. (but v. סְנָאָה);—בֶּן־הַסּ׳ Ne 11:9 (LXX Ασανα, LXXL Ασεννα), בֶּן־הַסְּנֻאָה 1 Ch 9:7 (LXX Αανα, A Ασανουα, LXXL Σαανα). p. 702

† סַנְוֵרִים n.[m.] pl. intens. vel abstr. (Sta:§ 324 b) sudden blindness (etym. dub.; der. fr. נוּר highly improb., whether antiphr. Wetzst:De Psalm Ps 4, 886 Kö:ii. 1, 404, or fr. dazzling, cf. ‘ flimmern ’ Hoffm:ZAW ii (1882), 68; but also view of Hal:RÉJ xi. 66 deriv. fr. √ סנר cover with a skin, i.e. produce film over, lacks demonstration; at present we must be content with assuming quadrilit. √, Thes Sta:§ 243);—הִכּוּ בַּסּ׳ Gn 19:11 (J) they smote the men with sudden blindness, cf. 2 K 6:18, 6:18 (all cases miraculous, and in K temporary).

† סַנְחֵרִיב n. pr. m. Sennacherib (= Sin-aḫê-irba, Sin multiplied brothers, Schr:COT 2 K 18, 13);—son of Sargon and father of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (B. C. 705–681; cf. Tiele:Gesch. 285 ff.); 2 K 18:13, 19:16, 19:20, 19:36 = Is 36:1, 37:17, 37:21, 37:37, 2 Ch 32:1, 32:2, 32:9, 32:10, 32:22 (all as above, exc. סַנְחֵרִב 2 K 19:20 ); (LXX Σενναχηρειμ, LXXL Σενναχειρειμ; Σεναχήριβος Jos:Ant. x. 1 ff.; Σαναχάρβον (acc.) Herodot.:ii. 141.

סַנָּה v. קִרְיַת־סַנָּה. p. 900

סַנְסַנָּה n. pr. loc. in S. Judah;—Jos 15:31, LXX Σεθεννακ, A Σανσαννα, LXXL Σεενακ; prob. = חֲחַר סוּסָה 19:5, חֲחַר־סוּסִים 1 Ch 4:31; conj. on loc. (near Gaza), v. in Di:ad loc. Buhl:Geogr. 163 and reff. (Simsum, NE. of Gaza, cp. by J. Schwarz:Das heilig. Land (1852), 72 van d. Velde:Mem, 346, is too far north).

† [סַנְסִנִּים n.[m.] pl. fruit-stalk of date (Löw:p. 119) (Aram. loan-word fr. ܣܺܝܣܢܳܐ PS:2617 racemus dactylorum, cf. As. sissinnu, part of the date-palm Dl:507);—sf. אֹחֲזָה בְּסַנְסִנָּ֑יו Ct 7:9.

† סְנַפִּיר n. [m.] fin (NH id.; quadrilit. acc. to Sta:§ 243; Fl in Levy:NHWB iii. 725 a cp. Aram. סִמְפּוֹרִין points, nails, and der. this fr. סַמֵּר vb. nail, with infixed פ (Levy:ChWB ii. 507 b));—Lv 11:9, 11:10, 11:12 = Dt 14:9, 14:10.

† סָָס n. m. moth (Targum סָסָא, Syr. ܣܳܣܳܐ; As. sâsu, Dl:HWB 506; Ar. سُوسُ, سُوسَةُ; Eth. z’4z’e: Thes Lag:Armen. Stud. § 2262 cp. Armen. zez = Gk. σής, wh. is der. fr. סָס by Bo:Hieroz. iii. 514 Lewy:Fremdw. 16 f.);—וְכַצֶּמֶר יאֹכְלֵם סָָס Is 51:8.

† סִֽסְמַי n. pr. m. name in Judah (on Ph. n. pr. div. (י)ססמ v. Lzb:330 Ren in CIS:i. No. 95, 3, al Bae:Rel 64 f. Kit:1 Ch 2, 40);—ס׳ 1 Ch 2:40 b, סִֽסְמָָי v:40 a; LXX Σοσομαι, LXXL Σασαμει.

† סָעַד vb. support, sustain, stay (NH id., esp. take a meal; Aram. סְעַד support, stay; Zinj. סעד strengthen Lzb:330, support, perh. feed Cook:85; ChrPalAram. n. ܣܥܕܘܢܐ aid, Schwally:Idiot. 64; Ar. سَعِدَ, سُعِدَ III, IV. aid, assist, Lane:1360, سَاعِدُ forearm Id:1362; Sab. סעד DHM:Südar. Ait. p. 16);—Qa1 Pf. 3 ms. וְסָעַד consec. Pr 20:28; Impf. 3 ms. יִסְעָָד 3 fs. sf. תִּסְעָדֵ֫נִי Ps 18:36, rd. also in ‖ 2 S 22:36, etc.; Imv. ms. סְעָד Ju 19:5 (on —ָ prob. oá by err., v. Kö:i. 261 f. GFM:ad loc.), סְעָד־נָא v:8 (cf. id.), וּסֳעָָדָה 1 K 13:7; sf. סְעָדֵנִי Ps 119:117; Inf. cstr. sf. וּלְסַעֲדָהּ Is 9:6; —support, sustain, alw. fig.:

1. sustain, stay, the heart (cf. לֵבָב 8, לֵב 8), with food Gn 18:5 (J), Ju 19:5 (c. 2 acc.), v:8, Ps 104:15; obj. om. 1 K 13:7.

2. a. support throne (subj. kg.) Pr 20:28, coming ruler Is 9:6. b. support, uphold c. acc. pers. (subj. י׳, his hand etc.) Ps 18:36 + ‖ 2 S 22:36 (v supr.), Ps 20:3, 41:4, 94:18, 119:117.

† מִסְעָד n.[m.] support;—abs. מ׳ 1 K 10:12; precise meaning unintelligible.

† [סָעָה] vb. (dub.) rush, of storm-wind (cf. Ar. سَعَي (and سعو), go quickly, run, be energetic; Syr. ܣܥܳܐ make an attack upon);—Qal Pt. fs. מֵרוּחַ סֹעָה Ps 55:9 from rushing wind (and) from tempest (סָָעַר); Hup (not Now) Gr Dy סוּפָה or סְעָרָה.

סעף (√ of foll.; appar. = cleave, divide; cf. perh. Ar. سَعَفَ, of hand, become cracked around nails etc., Lane:1364, سَعَفُ palm-branches with leaves on them, Id:1365; Ba:Es 56 GFM:Ju 15, 8 cp. cleft, (forked) branch, cf. Buhl:Lex 13).

† [סָעִיף] n.[m.] 1. cleft. 2. branch;—

1. cleft of a crag, cstr. סְעִיף סֶלַע Ju 15:8, 15:11; pl. cstr. וּבִסְעִפֵַי הַסְּלָעִים Is 2:21; סְעִיפֵי הַסּ׳ 57:5.

2. branches, boughs, pl. cstr. סְעִפֵַי הַפֹּרִיָּה Is 17:6 (so divide, Hi Kn Di Dr:Sm xxx Du al.) the boughs of the fruit-tree; sf. סְעִיפֶיהָ 27:10 (of ruined city; cf. קְחִירָהּ v:11).

† [סְעַפָּה] n. f. bough, branch;—pl. sf. סְעַפֹּתָיו Ez 31:6, 31:8 (of king under fig. of cedar).

† I. [סֵעֵף] vb. Pi. denom. lop off boughs;—Pt. סְסָעֵף פֻּארָה Is 10:33 י׳… shall lop off (the) crown of branches.

† סַרְעַפָּה n. f. bough (with infixed ר; cf. Ges:§ 85 w, as transition-cons. Kö:ii. 1, 472; cf. BAram., Kau:§ 62 F. Selle:De Aramaismis Lib. Ezech. 17);—pl. sf. סַרְעַפֹּתָיו Ez 31:5 (of Pharaoh under fig. of tree, cf. Co Bertho1 Toy).

† II. [סֵעֵף] (Kö:ii. 106) adj. divided, half hearted;—pl. abs. as subst., in religious sense, סֵעֲפִים שָׂנֵאתִי Ps 119:113 half-hearted ones do I hate.

† [סְעִפָּה] n. f. division, divided opinion;—pl. abs. עַל־שְׁתֵּי הַסְּעִפִּים 1 K 18:21 how long are ye limping on the two divided opinions (as on unequal legs; LXX ταῖς ἰγνύαις seems an attempt to interpret the fig.; acc. to Albrecht:ZAW xvi (1896) 75 ס׳ really = legs).

† [סָעַר] vb. storm, rage (Ecclus. סער Hiph. 47:17; move tempestuously; סְעָרָה storm-wind 43:17 48:9; NH Pi. stir up, blow, סְעָרָה storm-wind; = II. שָׂעַר, but relation obscure; As. šâru, wind, favours originality of שׂ׳, but this only late in Heb., and for ס׳ Frä:189 cp. Ar. سَعَرَ kindle fire, excite, inflame, be vehemently hungry and thirsty, be mad, insane, etc. Lane:1363);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. fig., יִסְעֲרוּ Hb 3:14 they [my foes] storm along to scatter me; Pt. act. סֹעֵר Jon 1:11 the sea was growing more and more stormy, so v:13 (+ עֲלֵיהֶם); f. סֹעֲרָה Is 54:11 storm-tossed (fig. of Jerusalem). Niph. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסָּעֵר 2 K 6:11 and the heart of the king…was enraged because of (עַל־) this thing. Pi. Impf. 1 S. sf. וְאֵסָֽעֲרֵם עַל־ Zc 7:14 (on form v. Ges:§§ 23 h, 52 n) and storm them away (hurl them by a storm-wind) upon the nations. Po. Impf. 3 ms. כְּמֹץ יְסֹעֵר Ho 13:3 shall be like chaff (which) is storm-driven from a threshing-floor.

† סַ֫עַר n. m.:Je 23:19 tempest;—abs. ס׳ Am 1:14 + 5 t.; סָָעַר Ps 55:9; pl. sf. סַעֲרֶיְ 83:16; —tempest, esp. fig.: of passionate acts of men, מֵרוּחַ סֹעָה מִסָָּעַר Ps 55:9 (מִסּ׳ here awkward, without ו); of י׳'s wrath Je 23:19 (מִתְחוֹלֵל ס׳), cf. 25:32, 30:23; tempest as instr. of י׳'s wrath, Ps 83:16 (‖ סוּפָה); v. also בְּסַעַר בְּיוֹם סוּפָה Am 1:14 and Jo 1:4, 1:12.

† סְעָרָה n. f. tempest, storm-wind;—abs. סְעָרָה Is 29:6 + (so also 2 K 2:1, 2:11 Ginsb; Baer בַּסֳּעָרָה); cstr. סַעֲרַת Je 23:19, 30:23; pl. סְעָרוֹת Ez 13:11, 13:13 cstr. סַעֲרוֹת Zc 9:14; —tempest, storm-wind, as instr. of י׳'s wrath, Is 29:6 (+ סוּפָה), cf. 40:24, 41:16, also רוּחַ סְעָרוֹת Ez 13:11, 13:13 (against nation under fig. of wall); storm-wind of Elijah's translation 2 K 2:1, 2:11; of theophany Ez 1:4 (רוּחַ סְעָרָה), Jb 38:1, 40:6, and סַעֲרוֹת תֵּימָן Zc 9:14; סַעֲרַת י׳ as fig. of י׳'s wrath Je 23:19, 30:23; of ordinary tempests only in late Psalm Psalm: רוּחַ סְעָרָה 107:25, 148:8, ס׳ opp. דְּמָמָה 107:29.

I , II , III. סַף v. ספף. p. 706

ספא (√ of foll.; cf. NH סָפָא, ספי give to eat, Targum סְפִי id.; perh. Palm. ספא feed, nourish, Lzb:330 Cook:85).

† מִסְפּוֹא n. m.:Gn 24:25 fodder;—alw. abs. מ׳, Gn 24:25, elsewhere obj. of נָתַן v:32, 43:24 (all J) 42:27 (E) Ju 19:19.

† [סָפַד] vb. wail, lament (NH id.; Targum סְפַד, ChrPalAram. ܣܦܕ id., Schwally:Idiot. 64; As. [sapâdu]], sipdu, sipittu, mourning, Dl:HWB 507; cf. Amhar. safade: dirge Prä:ZMG xxxv (1881), 762);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְסָֽפְדָה consec. Zc 12:12, 3 pl. וְסָֽפְדוּ consec. 1 K 14:13, Zc 12:10; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּסְפֹּד 2 S 11:26, 2 ms. תִּסְפֹּד Ez 24:16, 1 S. cohort. אֶסְפְּדָה Mi 1:8, 3 mpl. יִסְפְּדוּ Je 6:16 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. סִפְדוּ 2 S 3:31 + 2 t.; fpl. סְפֹ֫דְנָה Je 49:3; Inf. abs. סָפוֹד Zc 7:5; cstr. סְפוֹד Ec 3:4, לִסְפֹּד Gn 23:2, 1 K 13:29, לִסְפּוֹד Je 16:5; Pt. act. pl. סֹפְדִים Is 32:12, סוֹ׳ Ec 12:5; —wail, lament (with loud cries, etc., v. Mi 1:8, and cf. Dr:Am 5, 16), esp. for dead, c. לְ, 1 S 25:1, 28:3, 1 K 14:13, 14:18, Gn 23:2 (P) Je 16:6, 22:18, 22:18, 34:5, cf. וְאַל־תֵּלֵח לִסְפּוֹד וְאַל־תָּנֹד לָהֶם 16:5; c. עַל־ over 2 S 1:12, 11:26, 1 K 13:30, cf. Zc 12:10 (see v:12 infr.); c. לִפְנֵי i.e. marching before (bier) 2 S 3:31 (v. Dr); c. acc. cogn. Gn 50:10 (J); abs. 1 K 13:29, Ez 24:16 cf. v:23, Ec 3:4 (opp. רקד; cf. Ps 30:12), and pt. as subst. Ec 12:5 wailers; also, with idea of guilt on part of those wailing, Zc 12:12 (cf. v:10 supr.); over calamity, judgment, c. עַל־ Mi 1:8, abs. Je 4:8 (both + הֵילִיל), 49:3 and (with fasting) Zc 7:5, Jo 1:13.—עַל־שָׁדַיִם סֹפְדִים עַל־שְׂדֵי־חֶמֶד וגו׳ Is 32:12 is dub.; Thes Ew De Che al. upon the breasts smiting (?) for the fields, etc., but rd. prob. שָׂדִים (־וֹת, יִם—ַ) Ges:Comm. (q. v.) Buhl:Lex 13 Skinner al.: over the fields wailing, over the delightful fields, etc. Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. לאֹ יִסָּֽפְדוּ Je 16:4 they shall not be bewailed, so 25:33.

מִסְפֵּד n. m.:Gn 50:10 wailing;—abs. מ׳ Am 5:16 + 11 t.; cstr. מִסְפַּד Mi 1:11 + 2 t.; sf. מִסְפְּדִי Ps 30:12; —wailing:

1. for dead, Gn 50:10 (J; as acc. cogn.), Zc 12:10 (c. עַל־; cf. v:11, v:11 infr.).

2. for calamity experienced Am 5:16, 5:16 (‖אֵבֶל), v:17, Mi 1:8 (כַּתַּנִּים מ׳, ‖אֵבֶל), v:11, Je 48:38, Ez 27:31, anticipated Je 6:26, Est 4:3.

3. in contrition Is 22:12 (+ בְּכִי), Jo 2:12 (+ חוֹם, בְּכִי), cf. Zc 12:11, 12:11.

4. in gen., Ps 30:12 (opp. מָחוֹל, cf. Ec 3:4).

† [סָפָה] vb. sweep away or snatch away, catch up (NH ספ׳, סָפָא collect (rare), Targum סְפִ׳ (rare), Syr.ܣܦܳܐ collect, pick up; Ar. سَفَا of wind, raise dust and carry it away Lane:1377);— Qal 1. intrans.: Pf. 3 fs. סָֽפְתָה Je 12:4 be snatched away (rd. poss. סָ֫פָה [סוף]). 2. trans.: Impf. 3 fs. תִּסְפֶּה Is 7:20 sweep away beard; 2 ms. תִּסְפֶּה Gn 18:23; 18:24 sweep away indiscriminately (good and bad); Inf. cstr. סְפוֹת Dt 29:18 to snatch away the moist with the dry (proverb. expression, cf. Dr), sf. לִסְפּוֹתָהּ Ps 40:15 to snatch it away (i.e. my life).—וְסָפ֫וּ Am 3:15 v. סוף. Niph. Pf . 3 ms. וְנִסְפָּה consec. 1 S 26:10; Impf. 2 ms. תִּסָּפֶה Gn 19:15, 19:17; 1 S. אֶסָּפֶה 1 S 27:1; 2 mpl. תִּסָּפוּ Nu 16:26, תִּסָּפָוּ 1 S 12:25; Pt. נִסְפֶּה Is 13:15, Pr 13:23 (1 Ch 21:12 v. infr.);—

1. be swept away, destroyed, Gn 19:15 (בַּעֲוֹן הָעִיר by reason of the iniquity of the city), v:17 (both J), Nu 16:26 (JE) 1 S 12:25, 26:10 (in battle), + בְּיַד of agent 1 S 27:1; cf. וְיֵשׁ נִסְפֶּה בְּלאֹ מִשְׁפָּט Pr 13:23 and there is that is swept away for lack of justice.—1 Ch 21:12 rd. נוּסְְ (as ‖ 2 S 24:13, v. נוּס).

2. be caught up, captured, Is 13:15 (‖נִמְחָא). Hiph. Impf. 1 S. אֵסְפֶּה עָלֵימוֹ רָעוֹת Dt 32:23 I will catch up against them calamities, but read אֹסְפָה I will gather (√ אסף), or < אֹסִפָה (Di Dr Buhl:Lex 13) I will add, i.e.multiply (√ יסף; v. Ges:§ 69 h,note).

†I. [סָפַח] vb. join, attach to;—Qal Imv. ms. sf. סְפָחֵ֫נִי נָא אֶל־וגו׳ 1 S 2:36 attach me, pray, to one of the priest's offices. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. וְנִסְפְּחוּ עַל־ consec. Is 14:1 and they shall attach themselves to the house of Jacob (‖נִלְוָה). Pi. Pt. מְסַפֵּהַ חֲסָֽתְְ Hb 2:15 joining (to it ?) thy fury, but read prob. מִסַּף (ךְ dittogr.) from the goblet of thy fury (so We Gr Now GASm Da). Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְסֻפָָּחוּ Jb 30:7 are joined together, hold themselves together (yet rd. perh. Niph. יִסָּפֵָחוּ Bu). Hithp. Inf. cstr. מֵהִסְתַּפֵּחַ 1 S 26:19 they have driven me out from joining myself with (בְּ) the inheritance of י׳.

II. ספח (√ of foll.; appar. pour out; cf. Ar. سَفَحَ pour out, shed (blood; Qor 6:146); NH מִפֵּחַ of river, cast out alluvial soil, make new land).

† I. [סָפִיחַ] n.[m.] outpouriug(?);—pl. sf. תִּשְׁטֹף־סְפִיחֶיהָ עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ Jb 14:19 (si vera l.) its outpourings sweep away the dust of the earth, so most, but dub.; Bu prop. …סְחִיפָה, cf. מָטָר סֹחֵף Pr 28:3.

†II. סָפִיחַ n.[m.] growth from spilled kernels ((kernels) poured out, accidentally, in harvesting, acc. to most; Buhl:Lex 13 al. think of additional growth, √ I. ספח);—it is what springs up of itself in second year, and serves as food when no grain could be sown: abs. ס׳ 2 K 19:29 = Is 37:30; cstr. סְפִיחַ קְחִירְְ Lv 25:5; sf. תִּקְחְרוּ אֶת־סְפִיחֶיהַ v:11.

† מִשְׂפָּח n.[m.] prob. outpouring (of blood), bloodshed (שׂ subst. for ס; word chosen for assonance with מִשְׁפָּט);—abs., וַיְקַו לְמִשְׁפָּט וְחִנֵּה מ׳ Is 5:7 and he waited for justice and lo! bloodshed, so Ges Hi Ew Di Gu Du Che:Comm. Che:Hpt.(dub.).

III. ספח (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

† סַפַּ֫חַת n.f. eruption, scab, either malignant or harmless;—abs. אוֹ בַהֶרֵת שְׂאֵת אוֹ ס׳ Lv 13:2 cf. 14:56.

† מִסְפַּ֫חַת n.f. id.;—abs. Lv 13:6, 13:7, 13:8.

† שִׂפַּח vb. Pi. denom. cause a scab upon, smite with scab (שׂ subst. for ס);—וְשִׂפַּה אֲדֹנָי קָדְקָד וגו׳ (consec.) Is 3:17 and Adonay shall smite with scab the crown of the daughters of Zion.

†[מִסְפָּחָה] n.f. long veil (prop. sheathing?) covering whole person; pl. abs. וְעשֹׁוֹת הַמִּסְפָּחוֹת עַל־ראֹשׁ Ez 13:18; sf. מִסְפְּחֹתֵיכֶם v:21.

סִפַּי v. ספף. p. 706

† סַפִּיר n.[m.] sapphire, perh. also lapis lazuli (cf. Di:Ex 24:10 Now:Arch. i. 131) (NH id., and סַמְפִּירִינוֹן; Targum סַפִּרִינוֹן; SyrVer ܣܰܦܺܝܠܳܐ; loan-word from Skr. canipriya acc. to Lag:Ges. Abh. 72 Lewy:Fremdw.56 cf. Gk. savpfeiro~);—abs. ס׳ Ex 24:10 + 8 t.; pl. סַפִּירִים Is 54:11, Ct 5:14; —with other jewels as ornaments of prince Ez 28:13; in high priest's breastplate Ex 28:18, 39:11; found in mines Jb 28:6, costly Jb 28:16 cf. Is 54:11; taking high polish La 4:7 (in fig.); שֵׁן מְעֻלֶּפֶת סַפִּירִים Ct 5:14 ivory covered with sapphires (in fig.); lapis lazuli, acc. to Hi BU Du al. in Jb 28:6 (עַפְרֹת זָהָב לוֹ being understood of sparkling crystals of iron pyrites in this), but v. Di; lapis lazuli may be intended in לִבְנַת הַסּ׳ Ex 24:10 (J) pavement of sapphire (in theoph.), cf. אֶבֶן־ס׳ Ez 1:26, 10:1.

† סֵ֫פֶל n.[m.] bowl (√ unknown; perhaps foreign word; As. saplu, bowl, basin (DI:HWB 508 Schr:COT 2 K 9, 2) [occurs as object of tribute or plunder]; NH = BH; Targum סִיפְלָא bowl, basin, Chr PalAram. ܣܝܦܠܐ (wash-)basin Schwally:Idiot. 64; Ar. سِفْلُ bowl, jar Fl:Levy NHWB iii,320; Kl. Schr.ii. 556 f. is perh. loan-word Frä:67 f.);—abs. מְלאֹ הַסּ׳ Ju 6:38; for drinking, cstr. סֵפֶל אַדִּירִים 5:25 a bowl of (fit for) nobles, huge bowl (GFM).

† [סָפַן, once, erron., שׂ׳] vb. cover, cover in, panel (NH סָפַן is respect, care for; Ph. מספנת roof, Lzb:330; Aram. סְפַן Ithpe. be covered, overlaid; As.sapânu (sts.šapânu!), cover, over-whelm Dl:508; sapannu, concealment, obscurity, depth (of sea); Eth.safina: invalescere, percrebescere, praevalere, Di:406);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסְפֹּן אֶת־הַבַּיִת גֵּבִים 1 K 6:9 and he covered in the house with beams (?); Inf. abs. סָפוֹן בָּאָָרֶז Je 22:14 (rdg. with JDMich Hi Gf Or Gie Co, חַלּוֹנָיו סָפוֹן, for MT חַלּוֹנַי וְסָפוּן, cf. Dr:Sm xxx) covering (it) in, panelling (it) with cedar; Pt. pass. סָפוּן בְּאֶרֶז 1 K 7:7, סָפֻן בְּאֶרֶז v:3; pl. בְּבָֽתֵּיכֶם סְפוּנִים Hg 1:14 in your panelled houses.—סָפוּן strangely = reserved, laid up, Dt 33:21, and = hidden v:19 שְׂפֻנֵי טְמֻנֵי חוֹל (only here with שׂ; both in sense of חָפוּן [rd. this ?], cf. Dr).

† סִפֻּן n.[m.] ceiling;—abs. הַסּ׳ 1 K 6:15.

† סְפִינָה n.f. vessel, ship (covered in, overlaid, with sheathing, deck, etc.; Aram. ܣܦܺܝܢܳܐ; on Ar. سَفِينَةُ as loan-word v. Frä:216);—only יַרְכְּתַי הַסּ׳ Jon 1:5.

ספף (√ of foll., meaning unknown).

†I. סַף n.m. basin, goblet (NH סַף; Ph. סף (Inscr. of Tyre:(1), 5, 6) Schröd:ZMG xxxix (1886), 317 f. Cl-Gann:Annales du Musêe Guimet x. 511 = Recuell d'arch. orient.(1886), 89 Hal:RÉJ xii.107 Bloch; but Lzb:330 door-sill);—ס׳ abs.basin Ex 12:22, 12:22 (J; containing blood of passover lamb); cstr. סַף־רַעַל Zc 12:2 goblet of reeling (intoxicating, fig.), prob. also Hb 2:15, where rd. מִסַּף חֲמָֽתְְ from the goblet of thy fury (for MT מְסַפֵּחַ ח׳, v. I. ספח); pl. abs. סַפּוֹת 2 S 17:28 basins for ordinary use; הַסִּפִּים Je 52:19, הַסִפּוֹת 1 K 7:50 and cstr. סִפּוֹת כֶּסֶף 2 K 12:14, of temple utensils.

II. סַף n.m.:Am 9:1 threshold, sill (NH id.; Ph. v. Lzb 1. סַף; Aram. סִפָּא, ܣܶܦܳܐ Ar. sippu Dl:509, all id.);—abs. ס׳ 2 K 12:10 +, also הַסָָּף Ju 19:27 + 3 t. (Baer Ginsb), הַסָָּף 2 K 25:8; sf. סִפִּי Ez 43:8, סִפָּם v:8; pl. סִפִּים Am 9:1, Is 6:4 + 6 t. Ez Ch;—threshold, sill Ju 19:27, Am 9:1, Is 6:4, Ez 41:16, 41:16, 43:8, 43:8, 2 Ch 3:7, הַבַּיִת ס׳ 1 K 14:17, הַשַּׁעַר ס׳ Ez 40:6, 40:7, cf. v:6 b שֹׁמֵרֹ הַסַּף = door-keeper, an important temple official, Je 35:4, so שֹׁמְרֵי הַסּ׳ 2 K 12:10 (priests), 22:4 = 2 Ch 34:9 (Levites!), 2 K 23:4, 25:18 = Je 52:24; in Persia, of palace Est 2:21, 6:2; of tabern. הַסִּפִּים שׁ׳ 1 Ch 9:19; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסּ׳ 2 Ch 23:4 (Levites), שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסּ׳ 1 Ch 9:22; coll. חֹרֶב בַּסָָּף Zp 2:14 desolation in the thresholds.

† [ספף vb. denom. Hithpôï‘. stand at, or guard, the threshold;—Inf. cstr. בָּחַ֫רְתִּי אֱלֽהַי הִסְתּוֹפֵף בְּבֵית Ps 84:11 I choose standing at the threshold in the house of my God.

†III. סַף, סִפַּי n.pr.m. a Philistine, 2 S 21:18 (LXX τὸν Σεφ(ε); LXXL τοὺς ἐπισυνηγμένους), = סִפַּי 1 Ch 20:4 (LXX τὸν Σαφουτ, A Σεφφι, LXXL Σαπφι).

† סָפַק, [שָׂפַק], vb. slap, clap (NH Pi. id.; Ar. سَفَقَ slap (face), strike (hands) Lane:1373);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְסָפַק consec. Je 48:26, sf. סְפָקָם Jb 34:26; 1 s. סָפַ֫קְתִּי Je 31:19; 3 pl. סָֽפְקוּ La 2:15; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂפֹּק (שׂ subst. for ס) Jb 27:23, יִסְפּוֹק 34:37, וַיִּסְפֹּק Nu 24:10; Imv. ms. סְפֹק Ez 21:17; —

1. slap, sq. עַל־יָרֵח on the thigh, in remorse and sorrow Je 31:19, Ez 21:17; c. כַּפַּיִם clap one's hands Nu 24:10 (in anger), c. עַל at, La 2:15, Jb 27:23 (in mockery); כ׳ om. Jb 34:37 (in presumptuousness, against God).

2.slap, chastise, c. acc. pers. Jb 34:26 (subj. God).

3. splash מוֹאָב בְּקִיאוֹ וְס׳ Je 48:26 and Moab shall splash (fall with a splash) into his vomit, > Thes Buhl:Lex 13 empty himself (?), throw up (cf. syr. ܣܦܩ Pa.). Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. וּבְיַלְרֵי נָכְרִים יַשְׂפִּ֫יקוּ Is 2:6 (rd. perh. וּבִידֵי Hi Du Che, and into the hands of foreigners they clap, lit. cause to clap, sc. their hands; > LXX SyrVer from 1. שׂפק q.v., they abound in, have a sufficiency of). p.974

† [שֶׂ֫פֶק] n.[m.] doubtful word; hand-clapping, i.e. mockery (?) (cf. vb. Jb 27:23);—שָָׂפֶק Jb 36:18 in difficult cl. כִּי־חֵמָה פֶּן־יְסִיתְְ בְשׂ׳ because there is passion, (beware) lest it incite thee to mockery, Bae:Kau Da (but הסית בְּ = incite against, hence Bu reads לִשְׂפֹּק); De is not clear; others (as Di): lest it (passion) excite thee at the chastisement (v. √ 2; cf. Thes); Du reads מִשְׂפָּק לְחֵמָה lest chastisement incite thee to wrath.—On Jb 20:22 (edd.) v. שֵׂפֶק. p.974

סֵ֫פֶר:185 n.m.:Is 29:11 missive, document, writing, book (prob. ancient loan-word from As. šipru, missive, message Dl:HWB 683, Tel Am. šipru, šipirtu, id. Wkl:TA Gloss; √ šâpâru, send, send message or letter Dl:HWB 683, Wkl:1.c., whence also sâpiru, writer, and (perh.) ruler, šapirûtu, rule; v. Hom:Aufsätze (1892), 34 Buhl:Lex 13; perh. cf. Ar. سَفَرَ go forth to journey, II. send on a journey Lane:1370; NH סֵפֶר = BH; so Aram. סִיפְרָא, ܣܶܦܪܳܐ; Chr Pal Aram. ܣܝܦܪܳܐ Schwally:Idiot. 64; Ar. سِفْرُ);—ס׳ abs. 2 S 11:14 +; cstr. Ex 24:7 +; sf. סִפְרִי Ex 32:33, סִפְרְךָ v:33, Ps 139:16; pl. סְפָרִים 1 K 21:8 +;—†

1. missive: a. letter of instruction, written order, commission, or request, usu. fr. king, 2 S 11:14, 11:15, 1 K 21:8, 21:8, 21:9, 21:11, 2 K 5:5, 5:6, 5:6, 5:7, 10:1, 10:2, 10:6, 10:7, 19:14 = Is 37:14 cf. 2 Ch 32:17, 2 K 20:12 = Is 39:1; = written decree for publication Est 1:22, 3:13, 8:5, 9:20, 9:25, 9:30 ( = אִגֶּרֶת v:25, v:29, vid. p. 8 b supra), cf. וַיִּשְׁלַח סְפָרִים בְּיִד הָרָחִים בַּסּוּסִים רֹכְבֵי הָרֶכֶשׁ 8:10.—[כָּתַב ס׳ 2 S 11:15, 1 K 21:8, 2 K 10:1, 10:6, 2 Ch 32:17; כָּתַב בַּסּ׳ (of specif. contents) 2 S 11:15, 1 K 21:9, 21:11; קָרָא אֶת־הַסּ׳ 2 K 5:7 read the letter].—b. fr. prophet Je 29:1, other influential persons v:25, v:29 †. †

2. legal document, כְּרִיתֻת ס׳ certificate of divorce Dt 24:1, 24:3 and (fig.) Je 3:8, Is 50:1; הַמִּקְנָה ס׳ deed of purchase Je 32:11, 32:12 (del. art.), v:12, v:14, v:16, cf. בַּסּ׳ v:10, הַסְּפָרִים v:14 (si vera l.; del. LXX Gie cf. Gf), סֵפֶר v:16b; v:44; ס׳ = indictment Jb 31:35 (obj. of כָּתַב; כָּתַב בְּ׳ = sign Je 32:10, 32:12, 32:44).

3. book, or scroll, in which something is written to preserve it for future use Ex 17:14 (E), Jos 18:9 (JE), 1 S 10:25, Is 30:8, Jb 19:23 +; in form of roll, cf. וְנָגֹ֫לוּ כַּסֵּפֶר הַשָּׁמַיִם Is 34:4, הֶחָתוּם הַסּ׳ 29:11, 29:12 (v. Je 36, etc., infr.); partic.: a. book of prophecies Je 25:13, 30:2 + 6 t. Je 36, Dn 12:4; חֲזוֹן נַחוּם ס׳ Na 1:1; סֵפֶר י׳ Is 34:4; so מְגִלַּת סֵפֶר Je 36:2, 36:4 (= מְגִלָּה v:6 + 6 t.; with many columns, דְּלָתוֹת v:23), Ez 2:9, cf. Ps 40:8. b. geneal. register, ס׳ תּוֹלְדוֹת Gn 5:1 (P), הַיַּ֫חַשׂ ס׳ Ne 7:5. c. law-book, † הַבְּרִית ס׳ Ex 24:7 (E), 2 K 23:2 = 2 Ch 34:30, 2 K 23:21; † הַתּוֹרָה ס׳ Dt 28:61, 29:20, 30:10, 31:26, Jos 1:8, 8:34 (all D), 2 K 22:8 = 2 Ch 34:15, 2 K 22:11, Ne 8:3; † תּוֹרַת אֱלֽהִים ס׳ Jos 24:26 (E), Ne 8:8 (rdg. תּוֹרַת ס׳, so LXX, cf. Talm.:Nedarim 37 b), v:18, 9:3; † תּוֹרַת י׳ ס׳ 2 Ch 17:9, 34:14; † תּוֹרַת משֶׁה ס׳ Jos 8:31, 23:6 (both D), 2 K 14:6, Ne 8:1; † משֶׁה ס׳ 2 Ch 25:4, 35:12, Ne 13:1. d. book of poems, מִלְחֲמֹת י׳ ס׳ Nu 21:14 (JE), הַיָּשָׁר ס׳ Jos 10:13 (JE), 2 S 1:18. e. book concerned with kings, דֵּבְרֵי שְׁלֽמֹה ס׳ 1 K 11:41, and esp. דּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי וגו׳ ס׳ 1 K 14:19, 14:29 + 31 t. K (18 t. of Isr., 15 t. of Judah), cf. Est 10:2 (of Media and Pers.); also דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לַמֶּלֶח ס׳ דָּוִיד 1 Ch 27:24 (rdg. ס׳ for מִסְפָּד, LXX Kit:Hpt); הַמְּלָכִים לִיהוּדָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל ס׳ 2 Ch 16:11; מַלְכֵי ס׳ יְהוּדָה וְיִשׁ׳ 25:26, 28:26, 32:32; וִיהוּדָה יִשׂ׳ מ׳ ס׳ 27:7, 35:27, 36:8; יִשׂ׳ מ׳ ס׳ 1 Ch 9:1, 2 Ch 20:34; הָמְּלָכִים מִדְרַשׁ ס׳ 24:27; also דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ס׳ Ne 12:23, Est 2:23; הַזִּכְרֹנוֹת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ס׳ Est 6:1. f. once בַּסְּפָרִים Dn 9:2 by means of the Scriptures (canonical books) cf. Ew Meinh Bev Marti:Kau. g. God's record-book, Ps 139:16, זִכָּרוֹן ס׳ Mal 3:16; God's register of living, Ex 32:32, 32:33 (E), חַיִּים ס׳ Ps 69:29; הַסּ׳ Dn 12:1 (citizens of Mess. kingdom).

4. ס׳ = book-learning, esp. writing: סֵּפֶר (הַ)יָדַע Is 29:11, 29:12, 29:12 (of ability to read); so לְלַמְּדָם סֵפֶר וּלְשׁוֹן כַּשְׂדִּים Dn 1:4 to teach them the writing and speech of the Chaldeans (on constr. v. Ges:§ 128 a); more gen. וְחָכְמָה הַשְׂכִּיל בְּכָל־ס׳ v:17.—[סֵפֶר book is joined with vbs. thus: it is written (יִכָּפֶב) Mal 3:16; a thing is written בַּסּ׳ Ex 17:14 + 20 t., עַל־ס׳ 2 S 1:18 + 50 t. ( + Je 36:32; בַדְּיוֹ with ink v:18), אֶל־ס׳ † Je 30:2, 51:60; conversely דָּרַשׁ מֵעַל ס׳ Is 34:16, שָׁמַע מֵעַל ס׳ Je 36:11; v. also † וְיֻחָָקוּ בַּסּ׳ Jb 19:23 inscribe in a book, †חֻקָה עָל־ס׳ Is 30:8 (‖כָּתְבָהּ עַל־לוּחַ); † מָחָה מִסּ׳ blot out of a book Ex 32:32, 32:33, Ps 69:29; † קָרָא אֶת־הַסּ׳ Je 51:63 read the book, scroll, but usu. † קָרָא בְס׳ 36:8, 36:10, 36:13, Ne 8:8, 8:18, 9:3, 13:1].—ס׳ in קִרְיַת ס׳, v. ק׳ p. 900

† [סִפְרָה] n.f. book;—sf. הֲלאֹ בְּסִפְרָתְֶָ Ps 56:9 (cf. סֵפֶר 3 g); del. as gloss Bi Che Hup-Now Du.—Cf. also [סְפֹרָה] infr. p. 708

סָפַר:107 vb. count, Pi. recount, relate (prob. ancient denom. from סֵפֶר; NH = BH; Eth. safara measure Di:404);—Qal:27 Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ 2 S 24:10, 2 ms. סָפַרְתָּה Ps 56:9, וְסָפַרְתָּ֫ Lv 25:8, etc.; Impf. יִסְפֹּר Ps 87:6 + Jb 38:37 where read prob. יִסְפֹּר (Bu) for MT יְסַפֵּר, יִסְפּוֹר Jb 31:4, וַיִּסְפֹּר 2 Ch 2:1, 2:16, sf. וַיִּסְפְּרֵם Ezr 1:8; 2 ms. תִּסְפֹּר Jb 39:2, תִּסְפּוֹר 14:16, תִּסְפָּר־ Dt 16:9, etc.; Imv. ms. סְפֹר Gn 15:5; mpl. סִפְרוּ 1 Ch 21:2, Ps 48:13; Inf. cstr. לִסְפֹּר Gn 15:5 + 2 t.; Pt. סֹפֵר Is 33:18, 33:18 (v. also סֹפֵר n. infr.);—

1. count things, to learn their number, c. acc., Gn 15:5, 15:5 (J) 2 S 24:10 + 10 t. (+ acc. cogn. 2 Ch 2:16); acc. om. Gn 41:49 (E); + ל (dat. comm. vel eth.), Lv 15:13, 15:28, 23:15, 25:8 (all PH), Dt 16:9, Ez 44:26, Ezr 1:8, Ps 87:6, Is 33:8 (abs.), v:18 (but text suspicious, conjj. in Du Che:Hpt).

2. number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon: חְעָדַי תִּסְפּוֹר Jb 14:16 of my steps thou takest account, so 31:4; v. also 38:37 (cf. supr.); נֹדִי סָפַרַתַּה Ps 56:9 my wandering hast thou reckoned, taken into account (Che reads סִפַּרְתִּי after LXX).

†Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּפֵר Ho 2:1 + 4 t.; 3 mpl. יִסָּֽפְרוּ 1 K 8:5, 2 Ch 5:6, וַיִּסָּֽפְרוּ 1 Ch 23:3; —be counted, numbered usu. c. neg., to indicate multitude, מֵרֹב לאֹ יִסּ׳ Gn 16:10 (J) it is not to be counted, for multitude, so 32:13 (J), 1 K 3:8 (‖יִמָּנֶה לאֹ), 8:5 (+ id.), 2 Ch 5:6 (+ id.); cf. Ho 2:1 (+ יִמַּד לאֹ־), Je 33:22 (‖לאֹ יִמַּד); positively, only וַיִּסָּֽפְרוּ הַלְּוִיִּם 1 Ch 23:3.

Pi.:67 Pf. 1 s. סִפַּ֫רְתִּי Ps 119:26, סִפַָּרְתִּי v:13; 3 pl. סִפְּרוּ Ju 6:13 + 3 t.; Impf. 3 ms. יְסַפֵּר Jb 38:37 +, 1 s. אֲסַפֵּר Ps 22:18 +; cohort. אֲסַפֵָּרָה Jb 15:7; 1 pl. וַנְּסַפֶּר־ Ex 10:2, etc.; Imv. סַפֵּר Is 43:26, etc.; Inf. cstr. סַפֵּר (לְ) Ps 50:16 + 5 t.; Pt. מְסַפֵּר Ju 7:13, 2 K 8:5; pl. מְסַפְּרִים Ps 19:2, 78:4; —recount, rehearse, declare: 1. recount something (acc.) to (לְ pers.) Ju 6:13, 7:13, Gn 24:66 (J), 1 S 11:5 + 18 t. (of rehearsing glorious deeds of י׳ Ps 44:2, 73:28, 78:3, 78:4, 79:13); c. acc. + בְּ loc. Ez 12:16, elsewhere of rehearsing name or praise of י׳ Ex 9:16 (J) Ps 9:15, 96:3 = 1 Ch 16:24, Ps 102:22, Je 51:10; c. acc. alone Ps 9:2, 19:2, 119:13 (+ בְּ instr.), 145:6 + 8 t. PsalmPsalm + Is 43:21, all of rehearsing praise of י׳; cf. עָֽחְמוּ מִסַּפֵּר Ps 40:6 they are too great to rehearse c. acc. also Je 23:28, 23:32, Jb 15:17, 28:27, Ps 119:26; acc. om. Is 43:26, c. לְ pers. Gn 40:8 (E) + 6 t., c. אֶל־ pers. Gn 37:10 (E), c. בְּאָזְנֵי Ex 10:2; c. כְּמוֹ (q.v.) Ps 73:15; c. אֶל־ concerning Ps 2:7, cf. 69:27 ( LXX SyrVer Ew Ol Gr Bi Che Bae add; in that case read יֹסִָפוּ); c. עַל־ concerning + לְ pers. Jo 1:3. 2. appar., in weakened sense, talk Ps 59:13, 64:6 (c. ל concerning), 73:15 (c. כְּמוֹ).

3. count exactly, accurately אֲסַפֵּר כָּל־עַחְמוֹתָָי Ps 22:18 I can count exactly all my bones (in wasted body).—Ps 40:6 v. sub 1, Jb 38:37 read יִסְפֹּר.

†Pu. be recounted, related, rehearsed: Pf. 3 ms. סֻפַּר לְ Is 52:15; Impf. 3 ms. יְסֻפַּר לְ Jb 37:20 (cl. as subj.), + לְ concerning Ps 22:31; c. בְּ loc. 88:12; abs. יְסֻפָָּר Hb 1:5.

† סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר n.m.:Ps 45:2 enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe (prop. pt. of סָפַר; Aram. סַפְרָא, ܣܳܦܪܳܐ id. cf. ܣܦܺܝܪ doctus, literatus; O Aram. ספרא id., Lzb:330 Cook:85; Ph. ספר Lzb:330);—abs. סֹפֵר Ju 5:14 +, סוֹפֵר 2 S 8:17 +; cstr. סֹפֵר 2 K 12:11 + 2 t., + Je 52:25 (Gie GFM rd. הַסּ׳ as ‖ 2 K 25:19); pl. סֹפְרִים 1 K 4:3, Je 8:8, סוֹ׳ 1 Ch 2:55, not found34:13; cstr. סֹפְרֵי Est 3:12, 8:9; —

1. a. enumerator, muster-officer in description of leaders of Isr. משְׁכִים בְּשֵׁבֶט ס׳ Ju 5:14. b. king's official = secretary 2 S 8:17 = 20:25 = 1 Ch 18:16, 2 K 18:18, 18:37 = Is 36:3, 36:22; Sol. had two 1 K 4:3 (in all these disting. from מַזְכִּיר); also 2 K 19:2 = Is 37:2, Je 36:10, 36:12, cf. לִשְׁכַּת הַסּ׳ v:12, v:20, v:21, בֵּית הַסּ׳ 37:15, 37:20; acting as treasurer and paymaster 2 K 12:11 = 2 Ch 24:11, —cf. Zadok Ne 13:13; —2 K 22:3, 22:8, 22:9, 22:10, 22:12 = 2 Ch 34:15, 34:18, 34:20; 1 Ch 24:6 (Levite); שַׂר הַצָּבָא הַסּ׳ 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25 (si vera l. in K) implies military authority (but שַׂר הַצּ׳ perh. gloss GFM:Ju 5, 14); Ew Sta al. read (as Je) scribe of general. c. in Persia, secretaries who wrote out (king's) decrees, acc. to Est 3:12, 8:9. d. 2 Ch 26:11 uses ס׳ for muster-officer; 1 Ch 2:55 mentions families of סוֹפְרִים; 2 Ch 34:13 knows ס׳ as Levites; ס׳ 1 Ch 27:32 = man of learning.

2. professional class of learned men, ‘ scribes ’ able to read and write Je 36:26, 36:32; with writing implements, מָהִיר עֵט ס׳ Ps 45:2, קֶסֶת הַסּ׳ Ez 9:2, 9:3, תַּעַר הַסּ׳ Je 36:23; esp. learned in the law, and assuming to issue its precepts, עֵט שֶׁקֶר סֹפְרִים 8:8.

3. specif. of Ezra, at once priest (כֹּהֵן) and learned in the law (סֹפֵר), Ezr 7:11, דִּבְרֵי מִחְוֹת י׳ ס׳ v:11 [cf. Aram. v:12, v:21], מָהִיר בְּתוֹרֵת משֶׁה ס׳ v:6; Ne 8:1, 8:4, 8:9, 8:13, 12:26, 12:36.

†I. סְפָר n.[m.] enumeration census (late; on format. cf. Lag:BN 175);—abs. ס׳, sq. אֲשֶׁר as acc. cogn. with סָפַר 2 Ch 2:16.

†II. [סְפָר] n.pr.loc. in S. Arabia;—only c. ה loc. סְפָ֫רָה Gn 10:30, LXX Σωφηρα; usu. indentif. with Ṭ̄afâr (ظَفَار, pronounced أصْفَار, أسْفَار acc. to Thes), ancient city of Ḥimyarite kings (Ptol. Σαπφαρ μητρόπολις v. Sprenger:Aite Geogr. Arab.:§ 301 et pass.), so Thes Tuch:Comm. Gen. 2, 212, but dub. Glaser:Skizze ii. 437, ס = ח improb. Di:ad loc. Lag:BN 61.

† [סְפֹרָה] n.f. number;—pl. abs. לאֹ יָדַעְתִּי סְפֹרוֹת Ps 71:15 I know not (the) numbers (of י׳'s acts of righteousness and deliverance, i.e. they are innumerable; cf. Targum Symm.); >Du (after LXX B:ab א SyrVer Vulgate) reads סְפָרוֹת (cf. סִפְרָה supr.). p. 707

I. מִסְפָר:133 n.m.:1 Ch 27:24 number, tale;—abs. מ׳ Gn 34:30 +; cstr. מִסְפַר Ex 16:16 +; sf. מִסְפַּרְכֶם Nu 14:29, מִסְפָּרָם Ju 21:23 +; pl. cstr. מִסְפְּרֵי 1 Ch 12:23; —

1. a. number, Ju 7:6 the number of those lapping, לַכּוֹכָבִים מִס׳ Ps 147:4, + oft. (37 t. PH); לאֹ עָלָה הַמִּסְפָּר בְּמִסְפַּר דִּבְרֵי וגו׳ 1 Ch 27:24 (read בְּסֵפֶר) the number did not come up into (was not recorded in) the book of the daily doings, etc.; redund. after num., † 2 S 21:20 twenty-four (in) number; אֵין מ׳ it was (they were) innumerable Gn 41:49 (E), c. לְ Ju 6:5, 7:12, 1 Ch 22:16, 2 Ch 12:3, לִתְבוּנָתוֹ אֵין מ׳ Ps 147:5 (of י׳); abs. Je 2:32, Jb 21:33, Ct 6:8; † עַד־אֵין מ׳ = id. Jb 5:9, 9:10, Ps 40:13, וְאֵין לָהֶם מ׳ Je 46:23; לְאֵין מ׳ †1 Ch 22:4; וְאֵין מ׳ † Ps 104:25, 105:34, Jo 1:6; לִגְדוּדָיו הֲיֵשׁ מ׳ Jb 25:3 can his bands be numbered ? without אֵין = numerable, i.e. few, וִיהִי מְתָיו מ׳ Dt 33:6 but let his men be few יָמִים מ׳ Nu 9:20, מ׳ alone Is 10:19, usu. in combin., מְתֵי מ׳ = a few men Gn 34:30 (J), Dt 4:27, Je 44:28, 1 Ch 16:19, Ps 105:12, אַנְשֵׁי מ׳ Ez 12:16; so שְׁנוֹת מ׳ Jb 16:22; adv. phr. מִסְפַר יְמֵי חַיֵּיהֶם Ec 2:3 = during all their lives, cf. 5:17, not found6:18 = appointed (normal) number, יָמֶיְ מֲַלֵּא מ׳ Ex 23:26 (E). b. c. prep. בְּ: מְעַט בְּמ׳ Ez 5:3 few in number; בְּמ׳ by (exact) count, tale 2 S 2:15, Dt 25:2, 1 Ch 9:28, 9:28, so prob. Ez 20:37 rd. בְּמִסְפַּר LXX Toy for MT מָסֹרֶת; in (prescribed) number Nu 29:18 + 6 t. Nu 29 (P), Ezr 3:4; = acc. to (proportioned to) the number of Lv 25:15. 15 + oft.; לְמִס׳ acc. to number Ju 21:23, Jos 4:5, 4:8 (JE) Nu 14:29 (P) Ez 4:5, 1 Ch 27:1; כְּמִס׳ = id. 1 K 18:31, Nu 15:12, 15:12 (P); so מ׳ alone (adv. acc.) Ex 16:16 (P) Jb 1:5, Je 2:28, 11:13.—Nu 23:10 b rd. סָפַר מִי, cf. v:a, so LXX Di So:Kau. †

2. recounting, relation מִסְפַּר הַחֲלוֹם Ju 7:15 the recounting of the dream.

†II. מִסְפָּר n.pr.m. a returned exile Ezr 2:2 (LXX Μαλσαρ, A LXXL Μασφαρ), = מִסְפֶּ֫רֶת Ne 7:7 (LXX Μασφεραν, א Μασφαραδ, A Μαασφαραθ, LXXL Μασφαρ).

מִסְפֶּ֫רֶת v. foregoing.

† סֹפֶ֫רֶת n.pr.m in בְּנֵי־הַמּ׳ Ezr 2:55 a family of returned exiles (LXX Ασεφηραθ, A Ασεφοραθ, LXXL Ασωφερεθ) = בְּנֵי־ס׳ Ne 7:57 (LXX Σαφαραθ(ι) LXXL Ασοφερεθ).

† [סְפָרֵד?], סְפָרַָד n.pr.loc. Ob:20 LXX Εφραθα, Qa Σαφαραδ; loc. Dub.; Spieg:APK 242 Nö:ZMG xxxiii (1879), 323 Che:Founders 312 Say:Monuments 483 al. cp. Sparda in Asia Minor (= Sardis ? Behistun:i, 15 Persep. 1:12 NR:a 28); Schr:COTad loc.(cf. KGF 116 ff.) Dl:Par 249, cf. GASm:12 Proph. ii. 176, cp. Šaparda in SW. Media (time of Sargon); a Saparda also NE. from Nineveh (Esarhaddon's time), cf. Knudtzon:Ass. Gebete, Nos. 8, 11, 30.

† סְפַרְוַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. city conquered by king of Assyr.;—ס׳ 2 K 17:14, 18:34 = סְפַוָ֑יִם Is 36:19, עִיר סְפַרְוָ֑יִם 2 K 19:13 = Is 37:13; סְפַרְוָ֑יִם also 2 K 17:31 b Qr (Kt. ספרים); LXX Σεπφαρουαιν, Επφαρουαιμ, etc., LXXL Σεπφαρειμ;—usu. identif. with Sippara (on a canal), between Bagdad and Babyl., a city in two parts, Sipp. of Samasû (mod. Abbu Habba), and Sipp. of Anunitu(m) on opp. side of canal, hence du. ס׳ = the two Sipparas Schr:COT 2 K 17:24, cf. Dl:Par 209–212 Tiele:Gesch. 88; this recently disputed, in view of mention with Hamath and other northern cities (2 K 17:24 and esp. 18:34), v. Hal:ZA ii. 401 ff. Di:Is 36:19 Wkl:Alttest, Unters. 101 Benz:2 K 17:24 al., who cp. ŠabaraÕ’ in city conquered by Šalmanašarid IV (Wkl in Schr:KB ii. 276); but this by no means certain.

† [סְפַרְוִי] adj. gent. of Sepharvaim, only pl. c. art. = subst., הַסְפַרְוִים 2 K 17:31 a.

† [סָקַל] vb. stone, put to death by stoning, also (Pi.) free from stones (appears like denom., but noun unknown; NH סְקִילָא execution by stoning);—Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. וּסְקַלְתּוֹ consec. Dt 13:11; 3 mpl sf. וּסְקָלֻנִי consec. Ex 17:4; 2 mpl וּסְקַלְתֶּם consec. Dt 22:24, etc.; Impf. 3 mpl. יִסְקְלוּ Jos 7:25, sf. יִסְקְלֻהוּ 1 K 21:13, etc.; Imv. mpl. sf. מִקְלֻהוּ 1 K 21:10; Inf. abs. סָקוֹל Ex 19:13, 21:28; cstr. sf. סָקְלוֹ 1 S 30:6; —pelt with stones, stone to death (as penalty) c. acc. pers. vel animal., Ex 8:22, 17:4 (both JE) 1 S 30:6, 1 K 21:10, abs. Ex 19:3, 21:28 (JE); c. acc. pers. + בְּ instr. בָּאֲבָנִים Dt 13:11, 17:5, 22:21, 22:24, Jos 7:25, 1 K 21:13. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּקֵל be stoned to death Ez 19:13, 21:28, 21:29, 21:32 (JE). Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְסַקֵּל 2 S 16:6, 16:13, sf. יְסַקְּלֵהוּ Is 5:2; Imv. mpl. סַקְּלוּ Is 62:10; —

1. stone, pelt with stones, c. acc. pers. + בָּאֲבָנִים 2 S 16:6, acc. om. v:13 (‖עִפַּר בֶּעָפָר).

2. free vineyard (acc.) from stones (Ges:§ 52 h) Is 5:2; so also 2 S 4:6, reading pt. f. מְסַקְּלָה חִטִּים lo, the portress was cleansing what from stones (for MT לֽקְּחֵי ח׳), so We Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS, after LXX; (> rdg. however mostly סֹלְקָה, Qal Pt.); סַקְּלוּ מֵאֶבֶן Is 62:10 free (highway) fr. stones. Pu. Pf. סֻקַּל be stoned to death 1 K 21:14, 21:15.—Not in HP; these and other writings (exc. above) use syn. רגס, cf. Br:Hex 73.

סַר v. סרר. p. 711

† [סָרָב] n.m. rebel ? acc. to Thes al. (prob. Aram. loan-word, cf. Aram. ܣܪܰܒܣ contradict, chatter, prattle, tell lies; Pa. סְרַב and NH Pi. סֵרֵב = BH; cf. סרב Ecclus 41:2 d loving contradiction);—pl. abs. (i.e. אִתָּח) סָרָבִים וְסַלּוֹנִים אוֹתָָח Ez 2:6 rebelles et quasi spinae sunt erga te Thes; Vrss rd. ptcp., Co Berthol סֹרְבִים וְסֹלִים resisting and despising thee (cf. סַלּוֹן); AV RV briers and thorns cf. Ew Hi-Sm Siegf:Kau Da Toy.

† סַרְגַוֹן n.pr.m. Sargon (As. Šargânu, and (prob. by pop, etymol.) Šarrukênu = firm, faithful, king v. reff. infr.);—King of Assyria B.C. 722–705, conqueror of Samaria, father of Sennacherib, only Is 20:1 (LXX Αρνα, Aq Theod THE FOLLOWING &AMW; IS PART OF THE GREEK WORD - NO GREEK ENTITYΣαραγ̄ω, Symm Σαργων [Q:mg]); Ptol:Canon &atO;’ Αρκεάνου (genit.); cf. Schr:COT ad loc. Tiele:Gesch. 238 ff.

סרד (√ of foll.; Thes. cp. Syr. ܣܪܰܕ be frightened).

† סֶ֫רֶד n. pr. m. son of Zebulun;—Gn 46:14 (LXX Σερεδ, LXXL Σεδεκ), Nu 26:26 (LXX Σαρεδ).

† סַרְדִּי adj. gent. of foregoing, only c. art. הַסּ׳ as n. coll., Nu 26:26.

סָרָה v. סוּר. p. 694

סִרָה v. בּוֹר הַסִּרָה supr. p. 92 b.

† [סָרַח vb. go free, be unrestrained, overrun, exceed (NH סָרוּחַ overhanging, flapping; Ar. سَرَح of camels, etc., pasture where they please; also send forth to pasture; II. let a wife go free; let down the hair; سُرُح easy.—NH סָרַח, Aram. ܣܪܰܚ usu. = corrupt, sin);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. תִּסְרַח Ex 26:12; Pt. act. f. סֹרַ֫חַת Ez 17:6; pass. סָרוּחַ (cf. Kö:ii. 1, 137 Ges:§ 50 f. Ba:NB 180) Ex 26:13; pl. סְרוּחִים Am 6:7, סְרֻחִים v:4; cstr. סְרוּחֵי Ez 23:15; —

1. go free, be unrestrained: וּסְרֻחִים עַל־עַרְשׂוֹתָם Am 6:4 i.e. prob. = and are sprawling upon their couches (in contempt. hyperbole), מִרַזְח ס׳ v:7 the revelry of sprawlers; pt. act. of overrunning, spreading vine Ez 17:6.