ד

ד, דּ Dā̌leth, fourth letter; in modern Heb. = numeral 4; ד̈ = 4000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

† [דָּאֵב] vb. become faint, languish (NH id. Hiph.; cf. Arabic دَأَبَ toil, weary oneself; v. also דְּאָבָה, דְּאָבוֹן & cf. דוב)—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. דָּֽאֲבָה ψ 88:10 (subj. עַיִן); Inf. לְדַאֲבָה Je 31:12 לֹא יוֹסִיפוּ לְד׳ (subj. ransomed Israel);—Je 31:25 has נֶפֶשׁ דָּֽאֲבָה, of hunger (‖ נֶפֶשׁ עֲיֵפָ֑ה), where adj. or pt. seems needed; Hi Gf דְּאֵבָה or דֹּאֲבָה (the punctuators had, according to them, the Aramaic participle in mind); Thes makes relative clause.

† דְּאָבָה n.f. faintness, failure of mental energy, dismay Jb 41:14 וּלְפָנָיו תָּדוּץ דְּאָבָה and before him (i.e. the crocodile) danceth dismay.

† [דְּאָבוֹן] n.[m.] faintness, languishing, cstr. וְכִלְיוֹן עֵינַיִם וְדַאֲבוֹן נָ֑פֶשׁ Dt 28:65 (cf. Lv 26:16 & Syriac ܕܽܘܝܳܒܳܐ ܕܢܰܦܫܳܐ v. דוב).

† דָּאַג vb. be anxious, concerned, fear (Talm. דְּאֵיג, דְּאִג id.)—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְדָאַג consec. 1 S 9:5; 10:2; 2 fs. דָּאַגְתְּ Is 57:11; Impf. 3 ms. יִדְאָ֑ג Je 17:8; אֶדְאַג ψ 38:19; Pt. דֹּאֵג Je 38:19, דֹּאֲגִים Je 42:16;— 1. be anxious, concerned, with reference to, in behalf of, c. לְ 1 S 9:5; 10:2; id. c. מִן Je 42:16 (famine personif.); sq. מֵחַטָּאתִי ψ 38:19; be anxious, abs. Je 17:8 (‖ יָרֵא). 2. fear, dread, sq. acc. of pers. feared Is 57:11 (‖ יָרֵא) Je 38:19 (where also sq. cl. with פֶּן).

† דֹּאֵג n.pr.m. an Edomite, servant of Saul 1 S 21:8; 22:9, 18^(×2), 22 (v 18^(×2), 22 Kt דויג cf. Dr) דּוֹאֵג ψ 52:2 (title).

† דְּאָגָה n.f. anxiety, anxious care—דְּאָגָה Jos 22:24 + 5 times; anxiety for = for fear of, c. מִן Jos 22:24; anxiety Pr 12:25 (where c. verb. masc. cf. Now), Je 49:23 בַּיָּם ד׳; anxious care Ez 4:16; 12:19 (in both ‖ שִׁמָּמוֹן), 12:18 (‖ רַעַשׁ and רָגְזָה).

דָּאג fish, cf. דָּג sub דגה.

† [דָּאָה] vb. fly swiftly, dart through the air (cf. perhaps Arabic دَأْدَأ run vehemently (of camel))—

Qal Impf. יִדְאֶה Dt 28:49 + 2 times; וַיֵּ֫דֶא ψ 18:11 (> ‖ 2 S 22:11 וַיֵּרָא); fly swiftly, dart, of eagle Dt 28:49, in simile of swift army; of Chaldaeans comp. with eagle, in judgment against Moab & Edom Je 48:40; 49:22 (in both ‖ פרשׂ כנפיו); of י׳ in theoph. ψ 18:11 (cf. 2 S 22:11) וַיֵּדֶא על־כנפי רוח (‖ וַיִּרְכַּב עַל־כְּרוּב וַיָּעֹף).

† דָּאָה n.f. a bird of prey, possibly kite (𝔙 Saad Bo ^{Hieroz. ii. 191} Di Lv 11:14; Aramaic דַּיְתָא, ܕܰܝܬܳܐ; NH דַּיָּה of diff. birds of prey; name prob. from flying, swooping), Lv 11:14 forbidden as food; cf. also Dt 14:13 וְהָרָאָת ואת־הָאַיָּה והַדַּיָּה, where for הראה read הַדָּאָה & del. הַדַּיָּה; so Sam 𝔊; cf. Di l.c.

† [דַּיָּה] n.f. id.—frequenting ruins, cf. Di l.c.; דַּיּוֹת Is 34:15 (on הַדַּיָּה Dt 14:13 cf. foregoing).

דֹּאר n.pr. v. sub II. דור.

דֹּב, דּוֹב v. דבב.

דבא (? √ of foll.; existence & meaning dub.)

† [דֹּ֫בֶא] n.[m.] perhaps rest, but sense very doubtful (? Arabic دَبَأَ rest, Ḳamus; 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Onk strength, reading perhaps רבאך cf. Sam. רביך, vid. Di) וּכְיָמֶיךָ דָּבְאֶֽךָ׃ Dt 33:25.

† [דָּבַב] vb. move gently, glide, glide over (NH דָּבַב flow slowly, drop; Arabic دَبَّ walk leisurely, gently, دَابَّةٌ any animal that walks or creeps, cf. דֹּב; Assyrian dabâbu, plot, plan, COT ^Gloss., cf. דִּבָּה)—only

Qal Pt. דּוֹבֵב שִׂפְתֵי יְשֵׁנִים Ct 7:10, of wine gliding over the lips of sleepers; (ד׳ שְׂפָתַי וְשִׁנָּי֑ i.e. my lips and teeth 𝔊 𝔖 Aq Gei ^{Urschrift 405}).

† דֹּב n.m. ^{Pr 28:15}, f. ^{2 K 2:24 (seld.)} bear (from soft or gliding motion, NH id., Ethiopic ድብ Assyrian dabû(?) Dl^{S 55}; Aramaic דּוּבָּא, ܕܶܒܳܐ; Arabic دُبٌّ, دُبَّةٌ, is however a loan-word cf. Hom ^{NS 301 f.});—abs. דֹּב Am 5:19 + 5 times; דּוֹב 1 S 17:34 + 2 times; pl. דֻּבִּים 2 K 2:24; Is 59:11;—bear, female 2 K 2:24; 2 S 17:8; Pr 17:12; Ho 13:8 cf. Is 11:7; undetermined 1 S 17:34, 36, 37 Am 5:19 Pr 28:15; Is 59:11; La 3:10 (on art. 1 S 17:34; Am 5:19 cf. RS^{Sem i 119 n.})

† דִּבָּה n.f. whispering, defamation, evil report (? as that which glides stealthily)—abs. ד׳ Nu 14:36; Pr 10:18; cstr. דִּבַּת Je 20:10 + 4 times; sf. דִּבָּֽתְךָ Pr 25:10 דִּבָּתָם Gn 37:2;—

1. whispering ψ 31:14; Je 20:10 (Hi Hup De Gf VB; yet cf. Che ψ)

2. defamation Pr 10:18 (c. הוציא).

3. evil report, specif. a (true) report of evil doing Gn 37:2 (P) וַיָּבֵא אֶת־דִּבָּתָם רָעָה; cf. also Pr 25:10 & Ez 36:3 וַתֵּֽעֲלוּ עַל־שְׂפֵת לָשׁוֹן וְדִבַּת־עָ֑ם. unfavourable report of spies Nu 13:32; 14:36, 37 (all P & all c. תוֹצִיא; adj. רעה only 14:37).

† דִּבְיוֹנִים n.[m.] so Qr; = דב יונים dove’s dung (?) 2 K 6:25 for Kt חרייונים; 𝔊 κόπρου περιστερῶν (Klo gives conject. emend.)

דבל (Arabic) دَبَلَ collect, also make into lumps, gobbets (Lane); Ethiopic & cogn. in deriv.

† דְּבֵלָה n.f. lump of pressed figs, pressed (fig-) cake (NH דְּבֵילָה, Aramaic id., ܕܒܶܠܬܳܐ, = Greek παλάθη; Arabic دُبْلَةٌ lump, large gobbet or mouthful; cf. Assyrian dublu, foundation, & Heb. synon. אֲשִׁישָׁה Dl ^{HA 58})—דְּבֵלָה 1 S 30:12; cstr. דְּבֶלֶת 2 K 20:7 = Is 38:21; pl. דְּבֵלִים 1 S 25:18 1 Ch 12:41;—used as food 1 S 25:18; 30:12; 1 Ch 12:41 דְּבֶלֶת תְּאֵנִים, as application to boil, or eruption 2 K 20:7 = Is 38:21.

† [דִּבְלָה] n.pr.loc. only c. ה loc. דִּבְלָ֫תָה Ez 6:14 but read רִבְלָתָה JDMich Hi Sm Co Da.

† [דִּבְלַ֫יִם] n.pr.m. father of Gomer wife of Hosea דִּבְלָ֑יִם Ho 1:3.

דִּבְלָתַ֫יִם in n.pr.loc. v. בית ד׳, עלמן ד׳ (possibly from √ דבל in sense of collect, assemble, Ethiopic ተዳበለ: iii. 3 se colligere, መድበል: coetus, chorus, conventus, concilium)—Je 48:22; דִּבְלָתָ֑יְמָה Nu 33:46, 47.

דָּבַק, דָּבֵק vb. cling, cleave, keep close (NH id., Arabic دَبِقَ, Aramaic דְּבֵק, דְּבַק, ܕܒܶܩ, ܕܒܰܩ )—

Qal Pf. דָּבַק 1 K 11:2 + 2 times; וְדָבַק consec. Gn 2:24; דָּבֵ֑ק 2 K 3:3; 3 fs. דָּֽבְקָה Ru 1:14 + 5 times; דָּבֵ֑קָה Job 29:10; 1 s. דָּבַקְתִּי ψ 119:31; 3 pl. דָּֽבְקוּ 2 S 20:2; וְדָֽבְקוּ consec. Dt 28:60; דָּבֵ֑קוּ Jb 41:15; וּדְבַקְתֶּם consec. Jos 23:12; Impf. יִדְבַּק Dt 13:18 + 3 times; 3 fs. תִּדְבַּק 2 K 5:27 ψ 137:6; וַתִּדְבַּק Gn 34:3 + 2 times; sf. תִּדְבָּקַנִי Gn 19:19; 2 ms. תִּדְבָּ֑ק Dt 10:20 Ez 29:4 (del. B Co); 2 fs. תִּדְבָּקִין Ru 2:8, 21; 3 pl. יִדְבְּקוּ Nu 36:7, 9; 2 mpl. תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ Jos 23:8; תִּדְבָּקוּ֑ן Dt 13:5; Inf. cstr. וּלְדָבְקָה־בּוֹ Dt 11:22 + 2 times;—in Hexateuch only JD, except Nu 36:7, 9 (P);— 1. cling, cleave to, a. lit. sq. בְּ Jb 19:20 (bone to skin), so sq. לְ ψ 102:6; sq. אֶל 2 S 23:10 (hand to sword; accidentally om. with other words 1 Ch 11:13 cf. Dr 2 S 23:11), Je 13:11 (girdle to loins), La 4:4 (tongue to roof of mouth, in thirst), so sq. לְ Jb 29:10 ψ 137:6 (as a judgment); so also in metaph. ψ 44:26 דָּֽבְקָה לָאָרֶץ בִּטְנֵנוּ our belly cleaveth to the earth (‖ שָׁחָה לֶעָכָּר נַפְשֵׁנוּ), 119:25 דָּֽבְקָה לֶעָפָר נַפְשִׁי; fish to scales of crocodile (fig. of Pharaoh), sq. בְּ Ez 29:4 (but cf. supr.); abs. (recipr.) of folds of crocodile’s belly Jb 41:15; further of the חֵרֶם remaining in (sticking to) the hand sq. בְּ Dt 13:18; so of spot, stain Jb 31:7. b. so also of abiding on the land of one’s tribe Nu 36:7, 9 (sq. בְּ). c. = remain with, close to sq. עִם Ru 2:8, 21 sq. בְּ v 23. 2. cling, cleave to, a. fig. of loyalty, affection etc., sometimes with idea of physical proximity retained, sq. בְּ Gn 2:24 (J; man to wife) cf. 34:3 (J) 1 K 11:2 Jos 23:12 (D); further Ru 1:14 (Ruth to Naomi); 2 S 20:2 (people to king); especially (sq. בְּ) of cleaving to י׳ Dt 11:22 (‖ אָהֵב, הָלַךְ בְּכָל־דְּרָכָיו) 30:20 (‖ אָהֵב, שָׁמַע בְּקֹלוֹ), Jos 22:5 (‖ אָהֵב, הָלַךְ וגו׳, שָׁמַר מִצְוֹתָיו); cf. further Dt 10:20; 13:5; Jos 23:8 (all D), 2 K 18:6; ψ 63:9 (sq. אַחֲרֵי) & ψ 119:31 דָּבַקְתּי בְעֵֽדְוֹתֶ֑יךָ; so b. of the opposite בְּחַטֹּאות יָֽרָבְעָם … דָּבֵ֑ק 2 K 3:3; c. subj. disease, calamity, sq. בְּ pers. Dt 28:60 2 K 5:27; sq. אַחֲרֵי Je 42:16; sq. acc. Gn 19:19 (J); subj. sin ψ 101:3 (sq. בְּ pers.)

Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְדֻבָּ֑קוּ pass. of Hiph. 1. sq. בְּ, of crocodile’s scales, they are joined together Jb 41:9 (‖ יִתְלַכְּדוּ); abs. of earth-clods Jb 38:38.

Hiph. Pf. 3 fs. sf. הִדְבִּיקָ֑תְהוּ Ju 20:42; 3 pl. sf. הִדְבִּיקֻהוּ 2 S 1:6; 1 s. הִדְבַּקְתִּי Je 13:11; וְהִדְבַּקְתִּי Ez 29:4; Impf. juss. יַדְבֵּק Dt 28:21; וַיַּדְבֵּק Gn 31:23; אַדְבִּיק Ez 3:26; וַיַּדְבִּיקוּ Ju 18:22; 20:45; וַיַּדְבְּקוּ 1 S 14:22 + 2 times (cf. Ges^{§ 53 R 4} Kö ^{i 210}). 1. cause to cling or cleave to, sq. acc. + אֶל, lit. וּלְשׁוֹנְךָ אַדְבִּיק אֶל־חִכֶּ֑ךָ Ez 3:26; v. also 29:4 (sq. acc. + בְּ; lit., but in metaph.); fig. of causing to cleave to י׳ Je 13:11 (sq. acc. + אֶל); cf. further Dt 28:21 (subj. י׳, sq. acc. of disease + בְּ). 2. pursue closely, sq. אַחֲרִי Ju 20:45 1 S 14:22; 1 Ch 10:2 = 1 S 31:2 (sq. acc.); so also 2 S 1:6 (sq. acc.) 3. overtake, sq. acc. Gn 31:23 (E), Ju 18:22; cf. 20:42 (subj. הַמִּלְחָמָה).

Hoph. Pt. וּלְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּק מַלְקוֹחָ֑י ψ 22:16 and my tongue is made to cleave (to) my gums; cf. sub Qal 1.

† דָּבֵק adj. clinging, cleaving (to), דּ׳ abs. וְיֵשׁ אֹהֵב דָּבֵק מֵאָח Pr 18:24; דְּבֵקָה לְ 2 Ch 3:12 (of cherub’s wing); of cleaving to הַדְּבֵקִים בְּ י׳ Dt 4:4.

† דֶּ֫בֶק n.m. ^{Is 41:7} joining, soldering, appendage—

1. דּ׳ joining, soldering Is 41:7.

2. pl. הַדְּבָקִים appendages of breastplate (?) 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33 בֵּין הַדּ׳ ובין הַשִּׁרְיָן. (The Be al. cf. VB: the jointed attachment or appendage to the rigid breat-armour, which covered the abdomen; > Klo proposes appendage of helmet; Thes suggests armpits, lit. joints (cf. מַדְבְּקֵי יָד Je 38:12 𝔗); Ew the soft muscles etc. connecting the chest with the bottom of the back.)

[דָּבַר₁₁₄₂] vb. speak (original meaning dub.; range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben MV does not explain Arabic or Heb. usage, but only Aramaic A meaning go away, sustained by Arabic دَبَرَ بِهِ go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage:—(1) Arabic دَبَرَ depart, perish, iv. retreat, fig. retrograde, decline; دَبْرٌ passing away, death; Assyrian dabâru, Pi. drive away, Bez ^{Orient. Diplom. Vocab.}, Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt in KAT ²⁵⁰⁰, דֶּבֶר pestilence. (2) Arabic دَبَرَ follow behind, in time, place, or station; دَبْرٌ part behind, دُبُرٌ back, דְּבִיר hindmost chamber of temple. (3) Syriac ܕܒܰܪ lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic דְּבר; Syriac ܕܳܒܽܘܪܳܐ, Aramaic דַּבָּר leader; Syriac ܕܽܘܒܳܪܳܐ, Aramaic דַּבָּרָא guidance; Syriac ܕܰܒܪܳܐ Aramaic דַּבְרָא, Heb. דֹּבֶר; Syriac ܡܰܕܒܰܪ, Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא, Heb. מִדְבָּר pasture, wilderness; Arabic دِبْرٌ, Syriac ܕܶܒܘܽܪܻܝܬܳܐ, Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָּא, Heb. דְּבוֹרָה swarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes. (4) Arabic دَبَّرَ consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); دَبَّرَ فِى consider, دَبَّرَ عَلَى plan against; Ph. דבר speak; Heb. דִּבֶּר etc. Syn. of אָמַר say, as Aramaic מַלֵּל with אֲמַר; Gk. λαλεῖν, λέγειν; Lat. loqui, dicere; Germ. reden, sagen)—

†Qal₄₁ only inf. (once?) & pt.: Inf. sf. בְּדָרְרֶ֑ךָ (by attraction to בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ for usual Piel) ψ 51:6; Pt. דֹּבֵר Ex 6:29 + 30 times; pl. דֹּבְרִים Nu 36:5 ψ 109:20; cstr. דֹּבְרֵי ψ 5:7 + 3 times; f. דֹּבְרוֹת Nu 27:7 ψ 31:19; pass. דָּבֻר Pr 25:11;—speak, abs. Nu 27:7; 32:27; 36:5 (P) ψ 51:6 (?); דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Pr 25:11; with acc. rei דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Jb 2:13; אמת ψ 15:2, תמים Am 5:10, (מ) ישׁרים Pr 16:13; Is 33:15, צדק Is 45:19, שׁלום Est 10:3 ψ 28:3, שׁקר(ים) ψ 63:12; 101:7; Je 40:16, כזב ψ 5:7; 58:4, רע ψ 109:20, נבלה Is 9:16, הַוַּת נפשׁו Mi 7:3; with אֶל of person, unto Gn 16:13 (J) Ex 6:29 (P) Je 38:20; 40:16 Dn 10:11 Jon 3:2; בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Dt 5:1; Je 28:7; עַל concerning, about ψ 31:19; 109:20; Je 32:42 (sometimes rendered against, but dub.); עִם with ψ 28:3; הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zc 1:9, 13, 14; 2:2, 7; 4:1, 4, 5; 5:5, 10; 6:4 (vid. prep. בְּ III. 2 Ew^{§ 217 f. (3)}).

†Niph.₄ Pf. נִדְבְּרוּ Mal 3:16, נִדְבָּ֑רוּ ψ 119:23, נִדְבַּרְנוּ Mal 3:13; Pt. הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ez 33:30; reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk, abs. Mal 3:16; with בְּ, against ψ 119:23; Ez 33:30; with עַל, concerning, about Mal 3:13 (RV against, vid. Ew ^{§ 217 i.})

Pi.₁₀₈₉ Pf. דִּבֶּר Gn 12:4 +, דִּבֵּ֑ר Gn 21:1 + (on דִּבֶּ֑ר Ex 12:25 Dt 26:19 v. Bö^{§ 1021 d (1)} Kö^{i 188}); Impf. יְדַבֵּר Gn 44:7 +, יְדַבֶּר־ Gn 44:18 +; תְּדַבְּרוּן Gn 32:20, תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן ψ 58:2; Imv. דַּבֵּר Gn 24:38 +, דַּבֶּר־ Ex 11:2 +; Inf. דַּבֵּר Gn 24:50 +, דַּבֶּר־ Is 59:13 +; Pt. מְדַבֵּר Gn 27:6 +; f. מְדַבֶּרֶת 1 S 1:13 +;—(הַדִּבֵּר Je 5:13, inf. Ki ⁴⁸, prob. Ol^{§ 182 e} Kö^{§ 23 (5)}, perhaps MV; but more prob. a noun, as Ges^{§ 52 (2), Anm. 3} Ew^{§ 156 a}, dub. pf. as Sta^{§ 222}; בְּיוֹם דִּבֶּר Ex 6:28 Nu 3:1 Dt 4:15; תְּחִלַּת דִּבֶּר־ Ho 1:2, inf. Ki⁴⁸ Bö^{§ 987 (7)} Kö^{§ 23 (5)}; but more prob. pf., as Ges^{§ 52 (2), Anm. 3});—speak, 1. abs. Dt 18:17 + (throughout the literature) usually with לֵאמֹר, less freq. וַיֹּאמֶר: 2 K 18:28 +, cf. the phrases †דברתי (י׳) אני Ez 5:13 + 18 times Ez; †כי י׳ דבר Is 1:2; 21:17; 22:25; 24:3; 25:8; Je 13:15; Jo 4:8; Ob 18; †כי פי י׳ דבר Is 1:20; 40:5; 58:14; Mi 4:4; †פי ידבר ψ 49:4; †(י)דבר פי ψ 66:14; 145:21; †השׁכם ודבר Je 17:13; 25:3; 35:14; †עוד זה מדבר Jb 1:16, 17, 18. 2. with acc. rei, very frequently, ד׳ את הדברים האלה Ex 20:1 Dt 5:19 +; לָמָּה תְּדַבֵּר עוֹד דְּבָרֶיךָ why speakest thou any more of thy affairs? 2 S 19:30; עַד אִם־דִּבַּרְתִּי דְּבָרָ֑י until I have told my errand Gn 24:33; seld. sq. דָּבָר indef.; as ד׳ דָּבָר Is 58:13 speak a (mere, empty) word; so prob. also ד׳ דְּבָרִים Ho 10:4; with other nouns, e.g. דבר קשׁות spake rough words Gn 42:7, 30 (E); ד׳ גבהה proud words 1 S 2:3; טבות friendly words Je 12:6; טוב 1 S 19:4 1 K 22:13 Est 7:9; שׁקר Is 59:3 +, כזב Dn 11:27, אמת Je 9:4 +, שׁוא ψ 12:3 +; דבר שׁיר utter, sing a song Ju 5:12; משׁל 1 K 5:12; יְהוּדִית the Jewish language Ne 13:24; †סרה rebellion Dt 13:6 Je 28:16; 29:32. 3. with persons: a. rarely acc. יָֽכְלוּ דַבְּרוֹ לְשָׁלֹם they could [not] speak unto him peaceably Gn 37:4 (J; but Ew^{§ 282 a} about him); וַיְדַבֵּר … אֹתָם Nu 26:3 (P, but text corrupt vid. Di; no satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read אִתָּם vid. d). b. most frequently with אֶל throughout the literature: Gn 8:15 +; cf. phrases וַיְדַבֵּר י׳ אֶל מֹשֶׁה לֵאמֹר Ex 6:10 + 87 times; P; but †וידבּר י׳ אל משׁה לך Ex 32:7; 33:1 (JE); דבּר אל אהרן Lv 6:18 + 8 times (P); דבר אל בני ישׂראל Ex 6:9 + 38 times (P); elsewhere, Ex 19:6 (E) Dt 1:3; 4:45 (D) ד׳ אל (כל) העדה Ex 12:3 Lv 19:2 Nu 16:24, 26 (P); ד׳ אל לב speak unto one’s heart Gn 24:45, i.e. to oneself, cf. also ד׳ על לִבָּהּ 1 S 1:13, v. 5 infr.; אל is used inexactly for על 1 S 3:12 1 K 16:12 Is 16:13 Je 27:13; 30:4; 33:14; 36:7, 31; 40:2; 50:1; 51:12, 62 where it is rendered concerning or against. c. with לְ, speak to 1 K 2:19 Ez 32:21 Dn 2:4; ליהוה speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Jos 10:12 (D) 2 S 22:1 (= ψ 18:1 title); in D, דבר ל promise to, in phrases †כאשׁר דבר(י׳) ל Dt 1:11, 21; 6:3; 9:3; 10:9; 11:25; 12:20; 15:6; 18:2; 26:18; 27:3; 29:12 Jos 13:14, 33; 22:4; 23:5, 10 (all D); אשׁר דבר ל Dt 9:28 1 K 8:24, 25, 26 (= 2 Ch 6:15, 16, 17).—דבר ל Gn 24:7; 28:15; 49:28 Ex 32:34 (J) Jos 9;21 (P) Ju 14:7 2 S 23:3 Is 30:10 Zc 9:10 usually rendered speak to, but often rather promise to. הֲיֵשׁ לְדַבֶּר־לָךְ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ is it possible to speak for thee unto the king? 2 K 4:13 (by attraction to לַעֲשׂוֹת לָךְ). d. with †אֵת speak with Gn 17:3, 22, 23; 21:2; 23:8; 34:6, 8; 35:13, 15 Ex 25:22; 31:18; 34:29, 33, 34, 35 Nu 3:1; 7:89 Jos 22:15, 21 (all P) Gn 35:14; 41:9; 42:7; 45:15 Jos 17:14 (all E) Dt 5:21; sources of S K Ch 2 S 3:27; 7:7 = 1 Ch 17:6 1 K 8:15 = 2 Ch 6:4 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23 2 Ch 10:10 (= אל 1 K 12:10) Je 5:5; 7:22; 9:7; 35:2; 38:25 Ez 2:1; 3:22, 24, 27; 14:4; 20:3; 44:5 Dn 1:19 Zc 8:16; cf. phrases †דבר חד את אחד speak one with another Ez 33:30; †דבר משׁפטים את speak judgments with, usually = give judgment against, (not Je 12:1), Je 1:16; 4:12; 12:1; 39:5; 52:9 (= 2 K 25:6); דבר טבות את speak kindly with 2 K 25:28 = Je 52:32. e. c. †עִם speak with, (not P), Gn 29:9; 31:24, 29 Ex 19:9; 20:19^(×2), 22; 33:9 Nu 11:17; 22:19 Jos 24:27 (all JE) Dt 5:4; 9:10 Ju 6:17 1 S 9:25 (𝔊 Th We Dr וַיִּרְבְּדוּ לְ spread a couch for) 17:23 2 S 13:22 1 K 1:14, 22 2 K 6:33; 18:26 2 Ch 9:1 (= אֶל 1 K 10:2) Ne 9:13 Est 6:14 Je 32:4 Dn 8:18; 9:22; 10:11, 15, 17, 19 Ho 12:5; דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי I Spake, communed with my heart Ec 1:16. f. †לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of Ex 6:12 Nu 36:1 (P) Ju 11:11 1 K 3:22 Est 8:3. 4. with בְּ: a. instrumental, דבר בְּ speak with, by, or by means of a person (vid. supr. Qal ad fin.) Nu 12:2^(×2), 6, 8 (E) 2 S 23:2 (cf. Dr), 1 K 22:28 = 2 Ch 18:27, Hb 2:1; †דִּבֶּר בְּשֵׁם speak in the name of Ex 5:23 (J) Dt 18:19, 20^(×2), 22 1 Ch 21:19 Je 20:9; 26:16; 29:23; 44:16 Dn 9:6 Zc 13:3; †ביד by the hand of Nu 17:5; 27:23 Jos 20:2 (P) 1 S 28:17 1 K 8:53 + 13 times K, 2 Ch 10:15 (= 1 K 12:15) Is 20:2 Je 37:2; 50:1 Ez 38:17. b. local (fig.), בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Gn 20:8 (E) Ex 11:2 Dt 32:44 (J) Gn 23:16 Nu 14:28 Jos 20:4 (P) Dt 31:28, 30 Ju 9:2, 3 1 S 8:21; 11:4; 25:24 2 S 3:19^(×2) Je 26:15 Pr 23:9; †דבר בלב speak in the heart Ec 2:15. c. of the object, speak of, about (prep. בְּ IV. e Ew^{§ 217 f. (2)}) Dt 6:7; 11:19 1 S 19:3, 4 ψ 119:46; 122:8; propose for (a wife) 1 S 25:39 cf. Ct 8:8). d. of hostility, against (Ew^{§ 217 f. (1)}) Nu 12:1, 8; 21:5, 7 (E) Jb 19:18 ψ 50:20; 78:19. e. of price, בְּנַפְשׁוֹ at the cost of his life 1 K 2:23 (vid. בְּ III. 3). 5. with †עַל, of the object concerning or about which one speaks Gn 18:19 Nu 10:29 (J) Jos 23:14 (D) Ju 9:3 1 S 25:30 1 K 2:4, 27; 5:13^(×2); 14:2, 22:23 (= 2 Ch 18:22), 2 K 10:10, 19:21 = Is 37:22, 1 Ch 22:11 2 Ch 23:3 Je 1:16; 18:7, 8, 9; 42:19. It may have this sense in most if not all of the following, where RV renders 1 K 2:18, 19 Est 7:9 Je 18:20 for; 2 Ch 32:16 Ne 6:12 Je 11:17; 16:10; 25:13; 26:13, 19; 35:17 Ez 36:5 Dn 9:12; 11:36 Ho 7:13 Am 3:1 against; and 1 K 9:5 2 K 22:19 Je 10:1; 19:15 unto (על is used for אל unto 2 Ch 32:19 Je 6:10; 25:2; 26:2 Ho 12:11); cf. the phrase †דבר על לב speak upon the heart, speak kindly, comfort Gn 34:3; 50:21 (E) Ju 19:3 Ru 2:13, 1 S 1:13 (seemingly from context על for אל, to her heart, to herself, vid. Dr), 2 S 19:8 2 Ch 30:22; 32:6 Is 40:2 Ho 2:16. 6. with infin. †דבר לעשׂות promise to do Ex 32:14 (J) Dt 1:14 Ez 6:10 Jon 3:10; †דבר לתת promise to give Dt 19:8; †דבר למחות threaten to blot out 2 K 14:27; cf. †דבר להזהיר i.e. so as to warn Ez 3:18; 33:8. Note. —וַתָּקָם וַתְּדַבֵּר אֶת־כָּל־זֶרַע הַמַּמְלָכָה 2 Ch 22:10 𝔊 ἀπώλεσε, 𝔙 interfecit, scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד 2 K 11:1. Other explanations: plot against, waylay (Arabic دَبَّرَ) Thes MV; pronounce sentence, ellipt. וַתְּדַבֵּר מִשְׁפָּטִים Ges^Hdw Rob; but cf. VB—

†Pu. Impf. בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּר־בָּהּ in the day when she may be spoken for Ct 8:8 (vid. Pi. 4 c); Pt. נִכְבָּדוֹת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are being spoken in thee (RV Pe MV of thee) ψ 87:3.

†Hithp. Pt. מִדַּבֵּר = מִתְדַּבֵּר with acc. מִדַּבֵּר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה speaking this word 2 S 14:13; שָׁמַע (אֵת הַקּוֹל) מִדַּבֵּר אֶל׳ heard (the voice, or) one speaking unto Nu 7:89 (P) Ez 2:2; 43:6 (Di Nu 7:89 would read מְדַבֵּר after 𝔊; the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithp. difficult to reconcile with אֶל).

†Hiph. Impf. וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי ψ 18:48 (2 S 22:48 has וּמֹרִיד for rare וַיַּדְבֵּר), יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ 47:4; either (cf. Aramaic דַּבַּר) leads subject (so Ges coegit, De Now), or (cf. Arabic أَدْبَرَ turn the back, retreat) puts to flight, fig. for subdues (so Hi).

דָּבָר₁₄₃₉ n.m. speech, word—Gn 18:14 + 446 times; cstr. דְּבַר Gn 12:17 + 361 times; sf. דְּבָרִי Nu 11:23 + (sfs. 66 times); sg. in all 875 times; pl. דְּבָרִים Ex 4:10 + 182 times; cstr. דִּבְרֵי Gn 24:30 + 253 times; sf. דְּבָרָיו Gn 37:8 (sfs. 127 times); pl. in all 564 times;—

I. sg. speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken: 1. of men, a. נְבוֹן דָּבָר discreet in speech 1 S 16:18; ד׳ שְׂפָתַיִם speech of lips ψ 59:13, mere talk Is 36:5 (= 2 K 18:20) Pr 14:23 (cf. ψ 17:4 speech of God’s lips); דָּבָר מָר bitter speech ψ 64:4; ד׳ כָּזָב lying speech Pr 30:8; טוֹב דְּבָֽרְךָ thy saying is good 1 S 9:10; וּדְבַר אַבְנֵר הָיָה עִם and the speech of Abner had been with the elders of Israel 2 S 3:17 (cf. 1 K 1:7); †אמר הדבר הזה say this saying Je 23:38; 31:23 cf. 13:12; 14:17 (of God), 1 S 8:10 (דִּבְרֵי י׳). b. word of command, ד׳ (הַ)מֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 21:4, 6 Est 1:12 + 6 times Est, Ec 8:4 cf. 2 Ch 30:5; 31:5 Dn 9:23, 25; †ד׳ מַלְכוּת royal edict Est 1:19; עשׂה כדבר do according to the command of Gn 44:2; 47:30 Ex 8:9, 27; 12:35; 32:28 (J) Lv 10:7 (P) Ju 11:10 Ezr 10:5 Ne 5:12, 13; cf. 2 S 17:6 (word of counsel), 1 K 3:12 (request), 1 K 17:13 (proposal; on these meanings v. infr.) c. message, report, tidings, וַיִּשְׁמַע הָעָם אֶת־הַדָּבָר הָרָע הַזֶּה and the people heard this evil report Ex 33:4 (JE) cf. 1 K 20:12; אמת (היה) הדבר the report was true 1 K 10:6 = 2 Ch 9:5; עַד בּוֹא דָבָר מֵעִמָּכֶם until word come from you 2 S 15:28; ויגע הדבר אל מלך נינוה Jon 3:6; †הֵשִׁיב דָּבָר return or bring word, report Gn 37:14 Nu 13:26; 22:8 (J) Dt 1:22, 25 Jos 14:7; 22:32 (D) 1 K 2:30; 20:9 2 K 22:9, 20 (= 2 Ch 34:16, 28), but answer 1 S 17:30 2 S 3:11; 24:13 (= 1 Ch 21:12), 1 K 12:6, 9 (= 2 Ch 10:6, 9), 12:16 Ne 2:20 Pr 18:13; 27:11 Is 41:28 Ez 9:11 (Dr^{Sm p. 190} explains the phrase as turn back with a word); cf. ענה (לא) דבר answer something or nothing 1 K 18:21 2 K 18:36 ψ 119:42 Is 36:21 Je 44:20 vid. IV. 6; השׁיב דברים return words Ex 19:8 (E) Pr 24:26 vid. III. 1. d. advice, counsel, בדבר בלעם by advice of Balaam Nu 31:16 (P), cf. Ju 20:7 2 S 19:44 Est 5:5. e. request, אמתו of his maid, עבדו of his servant 2 S 14:15, 22. f. promise, לא יחל דברו he shall not break his word Nu 30:3 (P), cf. הקים דבר perform a promise Ne 5:13, vid. also 2 b. g. charge, complaint, אם אמת היה הדבר הזה if this charge be true Dt 22:20 cf. 13:15; 17:4, שׂים דבר בְּ 1 S 22:15, שׂים עלילות דברים לְ Dt 22:14, 17. h. decision, sentence, דְּבַר דַמִּשְׁפָּט the sentence of judgment Dt 17:9 cf. v 10, 11. i. theme, story, רָחַשׁ לִבִּי דָּבָר טוֹב my heart swells with a good theme ψ 45:2; דְּבַר גְּבוּרוֹת the story of his great might Jb 41:4. 2. word of God, as a divine communication in the form of commandments, prophecy, and words of help to his people, used 394 times. This word is communicated in several ways: a. ויהי דבר י׳ אל then the word of Yahweh came unto 1 S 15:10 2 S 7:4 (cf. אלהים 1 Ch 17:3), 1 K 6:11; 13:20; 16:1; 17:2, 8; 21:17, 28 2 Ch 11:2 (cf. האלהים 1 K 12:22); cf.1 Ch 22:8 (על by confusion), Is 38:4 Je 1:4 + 20 times Je, Ez 3:16 + 41 times Ez, Jon 1:1; 3:1 Hg 2:20 Zc 4:8; 6:9; 7:4, 8; 8:1 (without אל) v 18; †היה ד׳ י׳ אל Gn 15:1 2 Ch 12:7 Je 25:3 + 4 times Je, Ez 1:3 + 7 times Ez, Dn 9:2 Zc 1:1, 7; 7:1; †הנה ד׳ י׳ אל Gn 15:4 1 K 19:9; †ד׳ י׳ היה אל 2 S 24:11 1 K 16:7; 18:1 2 K 20:4 Ez 24:20; †היה ד׳ י׳ ביד Hg 1:1; 2:1, 10; †ויהי ד׳ י׳ ביד Hg 1:3; †ד׳ י׳ אשׁר היה אל Ho 1:1 Jo 1:1 Mi 1:1 Zp 1:1; †אשׁר היה ד׳ י׳ אליו 1 K 18:31 Je 1:2; †אשׁר היה ד׳ י׳ אל יר׳ Je 14:1; 46:1; 47:1; 49:34 (vid. אשׁר 6 a; הדבר אשׁר היה אל Je 7:1 + 11 times Je; †את ד׳ י׳ 2 K 3:12 Je 23:28; 27:18; cf. אֵלַי דָּבָר יְגֻנָּב unto me a word was brought by stealth Jb 4:12, cf. וְטֶרֶם יִגָּלֶה אֵלָיו דְּבַר י׳ and the word of Yahweh was not yet revealed unto him 1 S 3:7. Yahweh also sends his word שׁלח ψ 107:20; 147:18 Is 9:7 Je 42:5 (cf. pl. Zc 7:12) and makes it an object of vision ראה Je 2:31; 38:21 (cf. pl. Ez 11:25), חזה Is 2:1; it is also commanded צוה Ex 16:16, 32; 35:4 Lv 8:5; 9:6; 17:2 Nu 30:2; 36:6 (P) Dt 4:2; 13:1; 15:15 Jos 1:13; 4:10 (D) 1 Ch 16:15 (= ψ 105:8) Ne 1:8 Je 7:23, cf. הדברים אשׁר צוה Ex 35:1 Lv 8:36 (P) Ex 19:7 (E) Dt 6:6. b. Yahweh confirms his word of promise Dt 9:5 1 S 1:23 (where read דְּבָרֵךְ thy word according to 𝔊 𝔖 & Dr), 1 K 2:4; 6:12; 8:20 Je 29:10; 33:14, and his word of warning 1 K 12:15 Dn 9:12; his word stands for ever Is 40:8; it is settled for ever in heaven ψ 119:89; he remembers his holy word דבר קדשׁו ψ 105:42 (cf. דִּבְרֵי קָדְשׁוֹ Je 23:9); he himself Jo 2:11, the angels ψ 103:20, and forces of nature ψ 148:8 עשׂה דברו do his word of command; by his word the heavens were made ψ 33:6; it is near his people, in their mouth and heart Dt 30:14; a lamp to their feet ψ 119:105.

II. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse:— 1. of men, a. דָּבָר בְּעִתּוֹ a word in due season Pr 15:23 cf. Jb 4:2 Pr 12:25; commonly in plural, †דִּבְרֵי (הַ)שִּׁירָ(ה) words of the song (i.e. its lines of poetry) Dt 31:30; 32:44 ψ 18·1 (= 2 S 22:1) 137:3; הלל בדברי דויד to sing praises with the words of David (his psalms) 2 Ch 29:30; דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים sentences of the wise Pr 1:6; 22:17 Ec 9:17; 12:11; these sayings are commonly written, cf. דברי האגרת words of the letter Est 9:26; הדברים עתיקים the records are ancient 1 Ch 4:22; דִּבְרֵי (ה)סֵפֶר Is 29:11, 18 Je 29:1. b. title of writings: דִּבְרֵי קֹהֶלֶת Ec 1:1, ד׳ אגור Pr 30:1, ד׳ למואל Pr 31:1, ד׳ ירמיהו Je 1:1, so Am 1:1 Ne 1:1; cf. in appended phrase or clause, Je 51:64, ד׳ איוב Jb 31:40. c. in Ch name of a work: ד׳ החזים 2 Ch 33:18, 19, בד׳ שׁמעיה 2 Ch 12:15, בד׳ יהוא 2 Ch 20:34, על ד׳ שׁמואל 1 Ch 29:29; על ד׳ נתן 1 Ch 29:29 2 Ch 9:29, על ד׳ גד 1 Ch 29:29. (It is not certain whether writings of prophets or histories about them are referred to; in the latter case they are acts, IV. 2, vid. Dr^{Intr. 497}.) 2. of God: עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים the ten words (sentences in the tables) Ex 34:28 (JE) Dt 4:13; 10:4, referred to as הדברים Ex 34:1 (JE) Dt 4:10, 36; 5:19; 9:10; 10:2; of commands of covenant code Ex 24:3, 4, 8 cf. 34:27 (JE); of Deuteronomic code Dt 17:19 (+ 16 times D) 2 K 22:11; 23:3–24 (cf. 2 Ch 34:19–31) Je 11:2–8; 34:18; the lawbook of joshua Jos 24:26 (E); of the code of Ezra Ezr 7:11; 9:4 Ne 8:9, 13; the words of Yahweh written by Jeremiah Je 25:13; 36:4–32; 51:61; the words of the book of Daniel Dn 12:4; 9 commands in general 1 S 15:11 ψ 50:17; 119:57, 130, 139; promises 2 S 7:28 Ne 9:8, cf. 1 Ch 25:5 2 Ch 36:16.

III. a word, words:— 1. of men: שָׂפָה אֶחָ֑ת וּדְבָרִים אֲחָדִים one lip, and one and the same words Gn 11:1 (J); אֵין אֹמֶר וְאֵין דְּבָרִים no speech and no words ψ 19:4; אִישׁ דְּבָרִים man of words, ready in speech, Ex 4:10 (J); רב דברים multitude of words Jb 11:2 Pr 10:19 Ec 5:2; קְחוּ עִמָּכֶם דְּבָרִים take with you words Ho 14:3; דבר(י) (ה)שׁקר lying word(s) Ex 5:9; 23:7 (E) Pr 13:5; 29:12 Is 59:13 Je 7:4, 8; דִּבְרֵי רוּחַ words of wind, vain words Jb 16:3; וּמַה־שֶּׁמֶץ דָּבָר נִשְׁמַע־בּוֹ and what a whisper of a word we hear of him! Jb 26:14. 2. of God. It is difficult to determine how many of the following should come under II. 2. The pl. for words of God is relatively seldom: Gn 20:8 Ex 19:6 Nu 12:6 Jos 3:9 (E) Ex 4:28, 30 Nu 11:24 (J) Dt 18:19 Jos 23:14 (D) 1 S 3:18; 8:10; 15:1 2 Ch 11:4 Jb 42:7 Pr 30:6 Is 31:2 Dn 10:11 Am 8:11 Mi 2:7, apart from Je 3:12 + 30 times Je, Ez 2:7 + 4 times Ez, Zc 1:6 + 4 times Zc.

IV. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks:— 1. business, occupation: דְּבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ king’s business 1 S 21:9; לְכָל־דְּבַר for every matter of 1 Ch 26:32; 27:1 2 Ch 19:11; לְכָל־דְּבָרֶיךָ for all thine affairs 1 Ch 28:21; דבר המזבח Nu 18:7; דָּבָר אֵין־לָהֶם עִם they had no dealings with Ju 18:7, 28; †דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ the task or portion of a day in its day, daily duty or due Ex 5:13, 19 (E) 16:4 (J) Lv 23:37 (P) 1 K 8:59 2 K 25:30 1 Ch 16:37 2 Ch 8:13 (ביום) v 14 31:16 Ezr 3:4 Ne 11:23; 12:47 Je 52:34 Dn 1:5; †דבר שׁנה בשׁנה 1 K 10:25 2 Ch 9:24. 2. pl. acts cstr. דִּבְרֵי 1 K 11:41^(×2) 1 Ch 29:29 2 Ch 12:15; 16:11; †דְּבָרָיו his acts 2 Ch 13:22; 35:27; especially in phrases, וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי … עַל־סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים and the rest of the acts of … in the book of the chronicles (daily record of events) of 1 K 14:29 + 32: times K.; וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי 2 Ch 13:22 + 8 times Ch, וְיֶתֶר דְּבָרָיו 2 Ch 28:26, שְׁאָר דִּבְרֵי 2 Ch 9:29 are referred to various sources; cf. also במספר דברי הימים 1 Ch 27:24, בדברי דויד 1 Ch 23:27, על־דברי מלכי ישׂראל 2 Ch 33:18: דברים טובים good deeds 2 Ch 12:12; 19:3; דִּבְרֵי עֲוֹנֹת acts of iniquity ψ 65:4 (De, Fälle von Missethaten); דִּבְרֵי־רָע evil deeds Je 5:28. It is used of God, only in כל דבריו לא יענה Jb 33:13, ד׳ אֹתוֹתָיו ψ 105:27, ד׳ נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ ψ 145:5. 3. matter, affair: דבר אוריה affair of Uriah 1 K 15:5; שׁרשׁ דבר root of the matter Jb 19:28; מה היה הדבר how went the matter? 1 S 4:16 2 S 1:4 cf. Ru 3:18; סבב את פני הדבר change the face of the matter 2 S 14:20; דִּבְרֵי הָאֲתֹנוֹת the matter of the asses 1 S 10:2; זה דבר הרצח this is the case of the slayer Dt 19:4; לְכָל־דְּבָרָיו 1 K 6:38 as to all its particulars; Pr 13:13; 16:20. 4. events, things: †אחר הדברים האלה after these things (events in time) Gn 15:1; 22:1; 40:1 (E) 39:7 (J) 1 K 17:17; 21:1 Ezr 7:1 Est 2:1; 3:1; †אחרי הדברים האלה Gn 48:1 Jos 24:29 (E) Gn 22:20 (J) 2 Ch 32:1. 5. cause, case for judicial investigation: כִּי־יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר if they have a case Ex 18:16 cf. 18:22; 22:8; בעל דברים one having a case Ex 24:14, cf. בדבר משׁפט 2 Ch 19:6; דְּבָרֶיךָ טוֹבִים וּנְכֹחִים pleas, good and right 2 S 15:3 cf. Jos 20:4. 6. something, anything (indefinite): עשׂה דבר do a thing Gn 22:16 + (frequent); עשׂה דברים Is 42:16 + (less frequent); היפלא מי׳ דבר Gn 18:14 cf. Je 32:17, 27; לא … דבר nothing 1 K 5:7; 10:3 Is 39:2 Je 42:4 + (frequent), אין דבר Ex 5:11 (E) Nu 20:19 1 S 20:21; לא דבר מ׳ nothing of Ex 9:4 (J) Jos 8:35; 11:15; 21:45; 23:14 (D); כל דבר anything Nu 31:23 Dt 23:20 +; דבר רע ψ 141:4 +; ד׳ טוב 1 K 14:13 +; דְּבַר־מָה whatsoever Nu 23:3 (E); עֶרְוַת דבר Dt 23:15 nakedness of a thing, i.e. unclean or unseemly thing (indecency in camp); so of a wife 24:1. 7. way, manner: זֶה דְּבַר הַשְּׁמִטָּה this is the manner of the release Dt 15:2 (cf. SI¹); כֵּן דְּבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ so was the way of the king Est 1:13; כדבר הזה after this manner, thus †Gn 18:25; 32:20; 44:7 (JE) 2 S 15:6 Ezr 10:5 Ne 5:12, 13 with (עשׂה), 1 S 9:21 2 S 14:3; 17:6 (דבר), 1 S 17:27, 30 Is 8:20 (אמר), Ne 6:4, 5 (שׁלח), Ne 6:4 (השׁיב) cf. 1 S 17:30, 2 K 7:19 (היה); (peculiar to D, כדבר הרע הזה such a wicked deed as this Dt 13:12; 19:20, כדבר הגדול הזה Dt 4:32); כדברים האלה עשׂה thus and thus did he Gn 39:19 (J) 1 S 2:23 (but usually the pl. = these words). 8. reason, cause: זֶה דְבַר־הַמַּס 1 K 9:15; זה הדבר אשׁר this is the reason why Jos 5:4 (D) 1 K 11:27; so 1 S 17:29 AV RV, was it not but a word? Th Ke RVm VB Dr; … עַל דְּבַר, עַל־דִּבְרֵי for the sake of, in reference to, v. Kö^{Expositor, Aug. 1902, 142–148}; and add for עַל־דְּבַר Nu 25:18^(×3); 31:16 2 S 18:5, and for עַל־דִּבְרֵי Je 7:22 2 K 22:13 = 2 Ch 34:21a, and perhaps ψ 7:1. because of, for the sake of Gn 20:11, 18 (E) 12:17; 43:18 Ex 8:8 (J) Nu 17:14 (P) ψ 45:5; 79:9, עַל דִּבְרֵי Je 14:1; עַל־דִּבְרֵיכֶם for your sakes Dt 4:21, עַל דְּבַר אשׁר Dt 22:24^(×2); 23:5 2 S 13:22.. Oldest tradition (Jerome) seems to waver between דָּג fish and דָּגָן grain, as explan. of דָּגוֹן, v. בית ד׳.

דֶּ֫בֶר₄₉ n.m. pestilence (cf. Arabic دَبْرٌ, إِدْبَارٌ, departure, death)—Ex 9:3 +; דָּ֑בֶר Hb 3:5; sf. דְּבָרֶיךָ Ho 13:14;—

1. plague, pestilence, in general Ex 5:3; 9:15 Nu 14:12 (J) Lv 26:25 (H) Dt 28:21, 2 S 24:13, 15 (+ v 15 a 𝔊 We Dr) = 1 Ch 21:12, 14, 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, 2 Ch 7:13; 20:9 ψ 91:3, 6 Je 14:12 + 16 times Je, Ez 5:12 + 11 times Ez, Ho 13:14 Am 4:10 Hb 3:5. Read וּבַדָּ֑בֶר, or the like, 1 S 4:8, for MT בַּמִּדְבָּר, We Klo Dr.

†2. cattle-plague, murrain Ex 9:3 (J) = ψ 78:50.

† [דֹּ֫בֶר] n.[m.] pasture (cf. Aramaic דַּבְרָא, Syriac ܕܰܒܪܳܐ )—sf. כְּעֵדֶר בְּתוֹךְ הַדָּֽבְרוֹ as a flock in the midst of its pasture Mi 2:12 (art. with sf., cf. Ges^{§ 127, 4 b}, who attaches ו as conj. to foll. word); וְרָעוּ כְבָשִׂים כְּדָבְרָם and lambs shall feed as (in) their pasture Is 5:17.

† דֹּבְרוֹת n.f.pl. floats, rafts 1 K 5:23.

† [דִּבְרָה] n.f. cause, reason, manner—cstr. עַל דִּבְרַת because of, for the sake of Ec 3:18; 7:14; 8:2; עַל־דִּבְרָתִי מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק after the order, or manner, of Melchizedek ψ 110:4 (י ancient genit. ending, to soften transition in poetry, Ges^{§ 90 (3) a}); sf. דִּבְרָתִי my cause, suit Jb 5:8.

† I. דְּבוֹרָה n.f. bee (cf. Arabic دِبْرٌ, swarm of bees, Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָּא, Syriac ܕܶܒܘܽܪܝܺܬܳܐ ) Is 7:18; pl. דְּבֹרִים Dt 1:44 Ju 14:8 ψ 118:12. Read also דְּבֹרוֹ its bees 1 S 14:26 for MT דְּבַשׁ cf. 𝔊 We Dr.

† II. דְּבוֹרָה n.pr.f. (bee)—

1. the nurse of Rebekah Gn 35:8.

2. the prophetess Ju 4:4, 5, 9, 10, 14; 5:1, 7, 12, 15.

† דָּֽבְרַת n.pr.loc. Levitical city in Issachar, the present Debûrije at the foot of Mt. Tabor (Rob^{BR iii. 210} Bd^{Pal 249}) Jos 19:12 (הַדָּֽבְרַת) 21:28 1 Ch 6:57.

† I. דְּבִיר n.m. (cf. Arabic دُبُرٌ back, دَبْرٌ part behind) hindmost chamber, innermost room of the temple of Solomon = קדשׁ הקדשׁים holy of holies, most holy place, the place of the ark and the cherubic images, the throne-room of Yahweh 1 K 6:5, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 31; 7:49 (= 2 Ch 4:20) 8:6, 8 (= 2 Ch 5:7, 9) 2 Ch 3:16 ψ 28:2. Prob. read דְּבִיר 2 K 10:25 also, for MT עִיר; so Klo after 𝔊L. (It is translated oracle in AV RV after Aq Sym χρηματιστήριον, 𝔙 oraculum, on the incorrect theory that it was derived from דִּבֶּר speak.)

† II. דְּבִיר 1. n.pr.m. king of Eglon Jos 10:3.

2. n.pr.loc. a. דְּבִ֫רָה c. ָהloc., N. border Judah Jos 15:7 (westward Hup ψ 28:2). b. לִדְבִר town of the Gadites Jos 13:26, perhaps Lôdebâr 2 S 9:4 vid. לֹא דְבָר Di MV. c. דְּבִיר Ju 1:11^(×2) 1 Ch 6:43, דְּבִרָה Jos 10:38, 39, elsewhere דְּבִר Jos 15:15 +, a royal city of Canaanites anciently called קִרְיַת סֵפֶר Jos 15:15 Ju 1:11, קִרְיַת סַנָּה Jos 15:49; on the mountains of Judah, in region of Hebron Jos 11:21; 15:49, assigned to the Aaronite priests Jos 21:15 as a city of refuge 1 Ch 6:43; mod. Dhoherîye, 5 hours SW. from Hebron, according to Kn, so Survey^{iii. 402}; other conject. in Di Jos 10:39 Ri^{HWB 265}.

† דִּבֵּר n.[m.] speaking (so Ew^{§ 156}) Je 5:13 וְהַדִּבֵּר אֵין בָּהֶם; according to Hi Gf Ki (less prob.) vb. with art. for relat. (vid. [דָּבַר] Pi.): but read rather הַדָּבָר, and the word is not in them.

† [דַּבֶּ֫רֶת] n.f. word—יִשָּׂא מִדַּבְּרֹתֶיךָ he receiveth of thy words Dt 33:3 (poem).

† דִּבְרִי n.pr.m. a Danite Lv 24:11.

† I. [מִדְבָּר] n.m. mouth, as organ of speech,—מִדְבָּרֵךְ נָאוֶה thy mouth is lovely Ct 4:3 ‖שִׂפְתוֹתַיִךְ, 𝔊 λαλιά, Jer eloquium.

II. מִדְבָּר₂₇₀ n.m. wilderness—Dt 32:10 +; c. ה loc. מִדְבָּ֫רָה Jos 18:12 + 15 times; cstr. Ex 15:22 +; מִדְבַּ֫רָה 1 K 19:15; sf. מִדְבָּרָהּ Is 51:3;—

1. tracts of land, used for the pasturage of flocks and herds, דָּֽשְׁאוּ נְאוֹת מִדְבָּר the pastures of the wilderness put forth green grass Jo 2:22; יִרְעֲפוּ נ׳ מ׳ the pastures of the wilderness drop (fertility) ψ 65:13; יָֽבְשׁוּ נ׳ מ׳ are dried up Je 23:10, cf. Je 9:9 Jo 1:19, 20.

2. uninhabited land, מִדְבָּר לֹא־אָדָם בּוֹ wilderness in which is no man Jb 38:26; the abode of pelicans ψ 102:7; wild asses Jb 24:5 Je 2:24; jackals Mal 1:3; ostriches Lam 4:3; מִי־יִתְּנֵנִי בַמִּדְבָּר מְלוֹן אֹרְחִים וְאֶֽעֶזְבָה אֶת־עַמִּי O that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfarers, that I might leave my people Je 9:1; טוֹב שֶׁבֶת בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר better to dwell in a desert land, than with a contentious woman Pr 21:19; בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר וּבְתֹהוּ יְלֵל יְשִׁמֹן in a desert land, and in a waste howling wilderness Dt 32:10.

3. large tracts of such land bearing various names, in certain districts of which there might be towns and cities: יִשְׂאוּ מִדְבָּר וְעָרָיו חֲצֵרִים תֵּשֵׁב קֵדָר let the wilderness and its cities lift up (their voice), the villages that Kedar doth inhabit Is 42:11. There were six cities in the wilderness of Judah Jos 15:61, 62; הַמִּדְבָּר usually = wilderness of the wanderings Gn 14:6 Nu 14:16, 29, 32, 33^(×2) +, or the great Arabian desert Ju 11:22 +; but may also refer to any other Ct 3:6; 8:5. Special tracts—(a) of the wilderness of the wanderings were מ׳ שׁוּר Ex 15:22, סין Ex 16:1 +, סיני Ex 19:1 +, פארן Nu 13:26 +, צן Nu 20:1 +, קדשׁ ψ 29:8, אתם Nu 33:8; (b) in W. Pal. מ׳ יהודה Ju 1:16 ψ 63:1 cf. Jos 15:61, מעוֹן 1 S 23:24, 25, זיף 1 S 23:15; 26:2, באר שׁבע Gn 21:14, עין גדי 1 S 24:2, תקוע 2 Ch 20:20, ירואל 2 Ch 20:16, גבעון 2 S 2:24; (c) in East. Palestine מואב Dt 2:8, אדום 2 K 3:8, קדמות Dt 2:26.

4. fig. וְשַׂמְתִּיהָ כַמִּדְבָּר וְשַׁתִּהָ כְּאֶרֶץ צִיָּה and (lest I) make her as a wilderness and set her like a dry land Ho 2:5; הֲמִדְבָּר הָיִיתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל have I been a wilderness to Israel? Je 2:31.

דבשׁ (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ادبسّ ix. become black or brown, of a colour between black and red; vid. deriv.; so Fl v. infr.; yet vb. in this meaning perhaps denom. from دِبْسُ i.e. having the colour of dibs).

† דְּבַשׁ₅₄ n.m. 1 S 14:29 honey (named from colour according to Fl NHWB^{i. 439}; Arabic دِبْسٌ (دُبْسٌ, دِبِسٌ) date-honey; NH דְּבַשׁ, Aramaic דּובשא, ܕܒܰܫ, ܕܶܒܫܳܐ, honey both of fruits and of bees; cf. also Assyrian dišpu COT^Gloss. Zim^{BP 84} Dl^{Pr 70})—abs. ד׳ Gn 43:11 + 33 times; דְּבָ֑שׁ Ex 3:8 + 18 times; sf. דִּבְשִׁי Ct 5:1;—honey, product of bees, used as food Ju 14:8, 9, 18 (in lion’s carcass); found in (clefts of) rock Dt 32:13 (ד׳ מִסֶּלַע, in song, JE), ψ 81:17 (מִצּוּר ד׳); in forest, on ground 1 S 14:25 (על־פני השׂדה) v 26 (הֵלֶךְ ד׳; but read rather הָלַךְ דְּבֹרוֹ its bees had departed, We Dr after 𝔊) v 29, 43; transported in jar or bottle בַּקְבֻּק ד׳ 1 K 14:3; contrib. to priests and Levites 2 Ch 31:5; ‖ חֶמְאָה 2 S 17:29 Is 7:15, 22 (in last two the being limited to such food is apparently token of destitution); kept in store Je 41:8; a choice gift Gn 43:11 (J); article of trade Ez 27:17 (in these two perhaps = grape syrup, mod. dibs, cf. Di Gn 43:11 v. Rob^{BR ii. 81}); forbidden as burnt offering Lv 2:11 (‖ שְׂאֹר); honey comb = יַעְרַת הַדּ׳ 1 S 14:27 (cf. יַעְרִי Ct 5:1); also צוּף ד׳ Pr 16:24 (cf. נֹפֶת צופים ψ 19:11); most often in phrase describing abundance in land of Canaan אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּד׳ Ex 3:8, 17; 13:5; 33:3 (all JE) Lv 20:24 (H) Nu 13:27; 14:8; 16:14 (all JE) Dt 6:3; 11:9; 26:9, 15; 27:3; 31:20 (all D) Jos 5:6 (D) Je 11:5; 32:22 Ez 20:6, 15; cf. Dt 8:8 2 K 18:32 (of land of captivity), of Egypt Nu 16:13 (JE); v. also Ez 16:13, 19 Jb 20:17 נַחֲלֵי ד׳ וְחֶמְאָה; honey, used to illustrate moral teachings Pr 24:13 (‖ נֹפֶת), 25:16, 27 (danger of surfeit); sim. of sweetness of taste Ez 3:3 (the roll), cf. כְּצַפִּיחִת בִּד׳ Ex 16:31 (P; description of manna); of sweetness of the law ψ 19:11 (‖ נֹפֶת צוּפִים) cf. 119:103; (of pleasant words Pr 16:24 cf. supr.); sweetness of lips ד׳ וְחָלָב Ct 4:11; fig. of love דִּבְשִׁי Ct 5:1 (‖ יַעְרִי, יֵינִי, חֲלָבִי).

† [דַּבֶּ֫שֶׁת] 1. n.f. hump (of camel) (etymol.?) cstr. Is 30:6 על־דַּבֶּשֶׁת גְּמַלִּים.

2. n.pr.loc. on border of Zebulun Jos 19:11 דַּבָּ֑שֶׁת.

† יִדְבָּשׁ n.pr.m. a son of Etam? 1 Ch 4:3; MT has וְאֵלָּה אֲבִי עֵיטָם יִזְרְעֶאל … וְיִדְבָּ֑שׁ 𝔊 οὗτοι υἱοὶ Αἰτάν, cf. 𝔙; = וְאֵלָּה בְנֵי ע׳ cf. Be Öt (< אלה בני אביע׳, as some MSS.) On real significance of names cf. עֵיטָם.

† [דָּגָה] vb. multiply, increase (intr.);—

Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וְיִדְגּוּ לָרֹב בקרב הארץ Gn 48:16 (E).

† דָּג n.m. ^{Jon 2:1} fish (NH id.)—דָּג Jon 2:1^(×2), 11 + Ne 13:16 Qr (Kt דָּאג); דָּגִים 1 K 5:13 + 6 times; דְּגֵי Gn 9:2 + 7 times;—fish of sea Jon 2:1^(×2), 11 (in v 1 ד׳ גָּדוֹל); Ne 13:16 (דָּאג Kt דָּג article of Tyrian trade; only here coll., read perhaps דָּגָה; or regard as late usage, cf. converse דָּגָה of individual Jon 2:2);—elsewhere always pl.: as subj. of Solomon’s utterance 1 K 5:13; fish-spear צִלְצַל דגים Jb 40:31; most often דְּגֵי הַיָּם Gn 9:2 (P), ψ 8:9 Ho 4:3 Zp 1:3 Ez 38:20 Jb 12:8 (in all opp. to beasts & birds, & appar. used with them, + רֶמֶשׂ Ez. cf. vb. רמשׂ Gn, for animal creation in general; also Hb 1:14 cf. infr.); Nu 11:22 (JE) of fish (with beasts) as food (cf. Gn 9:2f.) in simile of men ensnared, like fish taken in net (מְצוֹדָה) Ec 9:12 cf. Hb 1:14 (דְּגֵי הַיָּם); 4 times שַׁעַר הַדָּגִים fish-gate 2 Ch 33:14 Zp 1:10 Ne 3:3; 12:39 (on situation cf. שַׁעַר).

† דָּגָה n.f. fish (NH id.)—דָּגָה Nu 11:5 + 5 times; cstr. דְּגַת Gn 1:26 + 4 times + Ez 29:4b (del. B Co); sf. דְּגָתוֹ Ez 47:10 𝔊 𝔙 Co; (MT דגתם), דְּגָתָם Is 50:2 ψ 105:29 + Ez 47:10 MT cf. supr.—fish, almost always coll.; fish of sea דְּגַת הַיָּם Gn 1:26, 28 (P) Ez 47:10 (in sim.); in Nile (יְאֹר) Ex 7:18, 21 (E) cf. ψ 105:29, דְּגַת יְאֹרֶיךָ Ez 29:4^(×2) (cf. supr.) v 5; in sea and rivers Is 50:2 Ez 47:9, 10; food in Egypt Nu 11:5 (JE); image of fish forbidden in worship, as of beasts and birds Dt 4:18 (on sacredness of fish, and use in sacrifice cf. Selden^{De Diis Syris, ii. 3}; RS^{Sem i. 274}); of single fish only Jon 2:2 (2:1^(×2), 11 דָּג) by late usage; cf. conversely דָּאג = דָּגָה coll. Ne 13:16.

† [דוג, דִּיג] vb. denom. fish for, catch—

Qal Pf. 3 mpl. sf. וְדִיגוּם consec. Je 16:16 (but as Qal dub. Ges^{§ 73. 2}; Sta^{§ 160 b. 2} regards as Hiph. (abbrev.), Nö^{ZMG. 1883, 540} conj. Pi.)

† [דַּוָּג, דּיָּג] n.m. Ez 47:10 fisher, fisherman, only pl. דַּיָּגִים Is 19:8, דַּיָּגִים Qr Je 16:16 (Kt דוגים). דַּוָּגִים Ez 47:10 & Kt Je 16:16.

† דּוּגָה n.f. fishing, fishery, only in וְנִשָּׂא בְּסִירוֹת דּוּגָה Am 4:2 (‖ בְּצִנּוֹת) of י׳, metaph. for dragging Isr. captive (cf. for practice referred to, in case of fish, Ez 29:4 & Jb 40:26 scornful summons to do it with crocodile, if possible! v. Herod.^{ii. 70} on mode of capturing crocodiles).

† דָּגוֹן n.pr.m. 1 S 5:4 god & idol of Philistines (cf. Assyrian Dagan, Dakan, name perhaps non-Shemitic COT Ju 16:23 Dl^{Pa 139} Sayce^{Rel. Bab. 188 f.} but v. Jen infr.)—god of Ashdod, except Ju 16:23 (Gaza) & 1 Ch 10:10 (but cf. infr.);—דגון אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Ju 16:23 cf. דגון אֱלֹהֵינוּ 1 S 5:7, בֵּית ד׳ 1 S 5:2, 5 1 Ch 10:10 (here hardly orig. cf. ‖ 1 S 31:10 & We Dr); כֹּהֲנֵי ד׳ 1 S 5:5, מִפְתַּן ד׳ v 5; as name of image ד׳ (אֵצֶל) v 2, 3, 4, דגון נֹפֵל v 3, 4, רַק ד׳ נִשְׁאַר עָלָיו v 4 (but sense difficult; We proposes דָּגוֹ only his fish, i.e. fishy part, was left upon him, v. also Dr;—but was Dagon a fish-god? Cf. works cited above & Scholz ^{Götzendienst 238 ff.}, Baud in PRE^{2 iii. 460 ff.}, especially Jen^{Kosmol. 449 ff.}). Vid. בֵּית דָּגוֹן p. 111.

† I. [דָּגַל] vb. look, behold (Assyrian dagâlu, Lotz^{TP 131}; Thes RobGes MV SS De make דָּגוּל a denom. from דֶּגֶל = lifted up like a banner, or furnished with a banner, i.e. exalted, distinguished, AV RV chiefest);—Pt. pass. דָּגוּל מֵרְבָבָה Ct 5:10 looked at, conspicuous, according to Dl^{HA 40}.

† [דֶּ֫גֶל] n.m. ^{Nu 10:14} standard, banner (Assyrian diglu Dl^{HA 40 Pr 58}; cf. also Di Nu 2:2); cstr. דֶּגֶל Nu 2:3 + 7 times; sf. דִּגְלוֹ Nu 1:52 + 2 times; pl. sf. דִּגְלֵיהֶם Nu 2:17, 31, 34;—standard, partic. of separate tribes of Isr. ד׳ מחנה יהודה etc. Nu 2:3, 10, 18, 25; 10:14, 18, 22, 25; cf. also 1:52; 2:2 (‖ אֹתֹת) v 17, 31, 34 (all P); fig. Ct 2:4 ודגלו עלי אהבה.

† II. [דָּגַל] vb. denom. carry, or set up standard, banner—

Qal Impf. 1 pl. נִדְגֹּל ψ 20:6 (Gr Che נָגִיל; Bi נְגַדֵּל, after 𝔊 𝔖; Now נִגְדַּל; poss. נַגְדִּל?) set up standard in battle, cf. Dl^{Pr 61}.

Niph. Pt. fpl. נִדְגָּלוֹת Ct 6:4, 10 bannered, supplied with standards, pt. as subst., of bannered hosts, cf. De.

דגן (√ of foll. meaning dub.; NH דַּגֵּן Pa. heap up etc. seems to be denom.; Ol^{§ 215 b. 4} der. דָּגָן from דָּגָה, cf. MV; We^{Skizzen iii. 170} inclines to regard דָּגָן as der. from n.pr. divin. דגן (cf. דָּגוֹן), as cereal from Ceres).

† דָּגָן n.m. corn, grain (of cereals) (NH id., Sam. ࠃࠂࠍ v. Thes.; cf. Ph. ארצת דגן)—דָּגָן Gn 27:28 + 29 times; cstr. דְּגַן ψ 78:24; sf. דְּגָנִי Ho 2:11, דְּגָֽנְךָ Dt 7:13; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4, דְּגָנֶ֑ךָ Dt 11:14, דְּגָנֵךְ Is 62:8, דְּגָנָם ψ 4:8; 65:10—corn, c. תִּירוֹשׁ must, q.v., Gn 27:28, 37 (both J) ψ 4:8 Is 62:8 Ho 2:11; 7:14; 9:1 Zc 9:17; cf. also Nu 18:27 (P; here, for תירושׁ, מְלֵאָה מִן־הַיָּ֑קֶב), La 2:12 (where יַיִן), Ho 14:8 (where גֶּפֶן & יֵין לְבָנוֹן); ארץ דגן ותירושׁ of land of Canaan Dt 33:28; of land of captiv. (words of the Rabshak) 2 K 18:32 = Is 36:17 (other products, also, named in both); usually c. תירושׁ & יצהר Nu 18:12 Dt 7:13; 11:14; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4; 28:51 2 Ch 31:5 (+ דבשׁ) 32:28 Ne 5:11; 10:40; 13:5, 12 Je 31:12 Ho 2:10, 24 Jo 1:10; 2:19 Hg 1:11; also Jo 1:17 Me; (cf. 2 K 18:32 Is 36:17 supr.); alone, rare and late Ne 5:2, 3, 10 ψ 65:10 Ez 36:29; דְּגַן־שָׁמַיִם ψ 78:24;—of the above the following refer to firstfruits offered to the priests Nu 18:12 (cf. v 27) Dt 18:4 2 Ch 31:5; to tithe Dt 12:17; 14:23 Ne 13:5, 12; to both generally Ne 10:40; to loaning on usury Ne 5:10, 11.

† [דָּגַר] vb. gather together as a brood (cf. Aramaic דְּגַר heap together; so ܕܓܰܪ Nasar.)—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. דָּגָר Je 17:11; 3 fs. דָּֽגְרָה Is 34:15—gather together into its shadow Is 34:15 (of קִפֹּז, q.v.), דָּגָר וְלֹא יָלָ֑ד Je 17:11 (of partiridge; sim. of one getting riches unjustly).

† [דַּד] n.m. ^{Pr 5:19} breast, better teat, nipple (τιτθοί Aq Pr 5:19 Symm Ez 23:3, 21; NH & Aramaic דַּד; primit. caressing word; according to Fl in NHWB^{i. 439})—Du cstr. דַּדֵּי Ez 23:3, 8 (both del. 𝔊 𝔖 Co); sf. דַּדַּיִךְ Ez 23:21 (read בתוליך 𝔖 Co); דַּדֶּיהָ Pr 5:19;—of breasts of woman Pr 5:19 (Hi Bi read דֹּדֶיהָ her love cf. 7:18); of Samaria & Jerusalem under fig. of young women Ez 23:3 (דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלֵיהֶן) cf. v 8; דַּדַּיִךְ v 21; but prob. del. ד׳ in Ez cf. supr. & Gei^{Urschrift 397}.—Vid. also שַׁד sub שׁדה.

דֹּד, דֹּדָה v. sub דוד.

† [דָּדָה] vb. [move slowly] (NH Pi. דִּדָּה lead slowly, Hithp. הִדַּדָּה; Aramaic דַּדִּי, אִידַּדִּי; Arabic دأدأ is run quickly (of a camel): on form, cf. Kö^{i 587}; SS der. from דאה cf. Sta^{§ 112 a, 150 a, 129 b, 581 d})—

Pi. Impf. 1 s. sf. אֲדַדֵּם (so read for MT אֶדַּדֵּם Dy Bi & Che, cf. his crit. note) lead slowly (in procession) ψ 42:5.

Hithp. Impf. 1 s. אֶדַּדֶּה Is 38:15; also sf. אֶדַּדֵּם ψ 42:5 MT but cf. supr.;—walk deliberately, at ease (De Che Di), or as in procession (Ew), Is 38:15 (cf. Che Di VB).

דדי Kt v. דּוֹדוֹ sub דוד.

† דְּדָן n.pr.loc. & gent.;—ד׳ Gn 10:7 + 8 times + Ez 27:20 (but v. infr.) c. ה loc. דְּדָ֫נֶה Ez 25:13 cf. Ges^{§ 90, 2 ad fin.};—

1. under fig. of son of רַעֲמָה and grandson of כּוּשׁ (v. these arts.) Gn 10:7 (brother of שְׁבָא) = 1 Ch 1:9 Ez 27:20; cf. בְּנֵי ד׳ v 15 (but read here perhaps רדן 𝔊 υἱοὶ Ῥοδίων, cf. Sta^{De Pop. Javan. 11}, also 𝔖 ܕܪܢ, Co; v. sub דֹּדָנִים infr.) cf. also Ez 38:13, שְׁבָא וּד׳; . south-Arabian tribe on Persian Gulf, = Sab. בנו דדן according to DHM^{ZMG 1876, 122; Sab. Denkm. 28} (dubit. Mordt); but in NW. of Arabian peninsula, Glaser^{Skizze ii. 391 ff.}; perhaps orig. further south cf. Di Je 25:23.

2. as son of יָקְשָׁן, father of אַשּׁוּרִם etc., Gn 10:7^(×2) (here also brother of שְׁבָא) = Gn 25:3; 1 Ch 1:32 יֹשְׁבֵי ד׳; also Je 49:8. This is appar. a northern branch of 1, cf. Di Gn 25:3.—On דדן in MI^{31, 31} cf. Sm & So^{MI p. 29} Nö^{LCB Jan. 8, 1887} Cl Gann^{JAs. Jan. 1887, 107}.

דְּדָ֫נֶה v. דְּדָן.

† [דְּדָנִי] adj.gent. only pl. as subst. אֹרְחוֹת דְּדָנִים Is 21:13.

† דֹּדָנִים n.pr.gent.pl. Gn 10:4; but = רוֹדָנִים 1 Ch 1:7; read here רדנים, so 𝔊 Sam Di Sta^{De Pop. Javan. 11}; cf. Ez 27:15 supr. sub דְּדָן.

† [דָּהַם] vb. astonish, astound (Arabic دَهِمَ, دَهَمَ )—

Niph. Pt. כְּאִישׁ נִדְהָם Je 14:9 like a man astounded (‖ כְּגִבּוֹר לֹא יוכל להושׁיע); 𝔊 ὑπνῶν = נִרְדָּם.

† [דָּהַר] vb. rush, dash, of horse (onomat.? perhaps cf. Arabic دَهَرَ befall, fall upon, overcome, conquer)—

Qal Pt. סוּס דֹּהֵר Na 3:2.

† [דַּהֲרָה] n.f. rushing, dashing, of riders—Pl. cstr. דַּהֲרוֹת דַּהֲרוֹת אַבִּירָיו Ju 5:22; repetition for intensity, furious dashing.

† תִּדְהָר n.[m.] name of a tree, prob. elm (Syriac ܕܰܕܳܪ (or ܕܶܕܳܪ PS) Lag^{BN 130} Löw ⁷¹; Arabic دَرْدَارٌ Lane ⁸⁶⁴ Dozy ^{i. 432} (also ash, v. Dozy^ib.); so Symm & 𝔙 Is 41:19; cf. Di, where also other views, e.g. plane-tree (Rabb. Che), or pine;—√ dub.; Ges Is 41:19 Thes der. from דהר endure inferred from Arabic دَهْرٌ time, but this questionable; perhaps a loan-word), בְּרוֹשׁ תִּדְהָר וּתְאַשּׁוּר יַחְדָּו Is 41:19 = 60:13.

† [דּוּב] vb. pine away (cf. דאב, דאבון)—

Hiph. Pt. f. pl. מְדִיבֹת נפשׁ Lv 26:16 (diseases) causing to pine away the soul (life), cf. Di; in 1 S 2:33 read prob. Inf. לְהָדִיב את נפשׁך (for MT לַאֲדִיב) so Dr; trans. to cause thy (al. his) soul to pine away (cf. VB).

דּוֹב bear, v. sub דבב.

דוג, דַּוָּג, דּוּגָה v. sub דגה.

דוד (√ assumed for foll., wh. however perhaps primitive caressing word, Fl NHWB ^{i. 439} swing, rock, dandle, fondle, love; > Thes Dietr ^{Sem. Wortforsch. 277} MV, who connect with דּוּד (cf. infr.) cf. Syriac ܕܰܘܶܕ disturb).

† דּוֹד n.m. ^{Ct 1:2} beloved, love (pl.), uncle (NH id., Syriac ܕܳܕ, ܕܳܕܳܐ; Assyrian dâdu Dl^{HA 19})—abs. דּוֹד Ct 5:9^(×2); cstr. דּוֹד 1 S 10:14 + 3 times; דֹּד Lv 10:4 Est 2:15; sf. דּוֹדִי Is 5:1 (but cf. infr.) + 26 times all Ct; דֹּדִי Je 32:8 + 2 times; דֹּדְךָ Je 32:7; דּוֹדֵךְ Ct 5:9^(×2) + 2 times; דּוֹדוֹ Am 6:10 1 S 10:16, דֹּדוֹ Lv 20:20 + 4 times; דּוֹדָהּ Ct 8:5; pl. דּוֹדִים Ct 5:1; דֹּדִים Pr 7:18 Ez 16:8; 23:17; pl. sf. דֹּדַי Ct 7:13; דֹּדֶיךָ Ct 1:2, 4; דֹּדַיִךְ Ct 4:10^(×2); דֹּדֵיהֶן Nu 36:11—

1. most often loved one, beloved (lover, betrothed) Ct 1:13, 14, 16; 2:3, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17; 4:16; 5:2, 4, 5, 6^(×2), 8, 9^(×2), 10, 16; 6:1^(×2), 2, 3^(×2); 7:10, 11, 12, 14; 8:5, 14; beloved one, friend, שִׁירַת דּוֹדִי Is 5:1 (where Lo Che שׁ׳ דודים love-song, v. 3 infr.)

2. specif. uncle, Lv 10:4 (father’s brother, patruus; Syriac = also avunculus) Nu 36:11 1 S 14:50 2 K 24:17 Lv 20:20; 25:49^(×2) 1 S 10:14, 15, 16 Est 2:7, 15 Je 32:7, 8, 9, 12; perhaps also 1 Ch 27:32 Jonathan, David’s דּוֹד, so AV RV; = kinsman (?, so St RVm) Am 6:10.

3. pl. abstr. love Pr 7:18 Ct 1:2, 4; 4:10^(×2) 5:1 (5:1 al. concr. beloved ones, so AV RV, 𝔊 ἀδελφοί); so עֵת דדים Ez 16:8; מִשְׁכַּב דדים Ez 23:17.

† [דֹּדָה] n.f. aunt—only sf. דֹּדָֽתְךָ Lv 18:14 father’s brother’s wife; דֹּדָתוֹ Lv 20:20 Ex 6:20 father’s sister [cf. Nu 26:59].

† דּוֹדוֹ n.pr.m. (his beloved, cf. דודוהו; or comp. דודה n.pr.divin. MI ¹², cf. דָּוִד infra)—

1. man of tribe of Issachar Ju 10:1.

2. דדי Kt 2 S 23:9 (= דּוֹדַי 1 Ch 27:4), דּוֹדוֹ Qr = דּוֹדוֹ 1 Ch 11:12.

3. father of אֶלְחָנָן 2 S 23:24 דּוֹדוֹ = 1 Ch 11:26.

† דּוֹדַי n.pr.m. = דּוֹדוֹ (q.v.) 1 Ch 27:4 (cf. דדי 2 S 23:9 Kt).

† דּוֹדָוָהוּ n.pr.m. (< 𝔊 τοῦ Ὠδεια, 𝔊L Δουδιου, i.e. דּוֹדִיָּהוּ, beloved of י׳, cf. Nes^{Eg 70}) father of Eliezer 2 Ch 20:37.

דָּוִד, דָּוִיד n.pr.m. David, son of יִשַׂי, king of Israel, whose dynasty remained on the throne of Jerusalem till the Babylonian exile (cf. 2 S 7:11–15 etc.) (beloved one? cf. Ba^{NB 189}; according to Sayce ^{Mod. Rev. 1884, 158 ff. Rel.Bab. 53, 56 f.} orig. Dodo, title of sun-god worshipped in Isr. cf. דודה n. divin. among E. Jordan Israelites MI¹²)—דָּוִד always Ru Sa Ki (except 1 K 3:14; 11:4, 36) ψ Pr Ec Is Je; also 1 Ch 13:6 Ez 34:24; 37:24, 25 (c. 790 times); דָּוִיד always Zc Ch (except 1 Ch 13:6) Ezr Ne; also Am 6:5 (where gloss according to Peters ^{Hbr Apr. 1886, p. 175}) 9:11 Ho 3:5 Ez 34:23 1 K 3:14; 11:4, 36 Ct 4:4 (c. 276 times);—first named 1 S 16:13; cf. also Ru 4:17, 22 2 S 1:1 +, 1 K 1:1 +, 2:1 +, etc. (v. supra); in titles of ψ 3–9, 11–32, 34–41, 51–65, 68–70, 86, 101, 103, 108–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138–145 (73 in all); also in ψ 18:51 (= 2 S 22:51) 72:20; 89:36, 50; 122:5; 132:1, 11, 17; ד׳ עַבְדִּי (י׳ speaks) 2 S 3:18; 7:5, 8 = 1 Ch 17:4, 7 cf. v 26 = 1 Ch 17:24, also 1 K 8:24, 25, 26^(×2) = 2 Ch 6:15, 16, 17, 42, 1 K 11:13, 32, 34, 36, 38; 14:8 2 K 8:19; 19:34 = Is 37:35, 2 K 20:6; cf. further ψ 18:1; 36:1 (both titles cf. supr.) 78:70; 89:4, 21; 132:10; 144:10 Je 33:21, 22, 26; so also as represented in coming (Messianic) ruler Ez 34:23, 24; 37:24, 25, cf. Ho 3:5 Je 30:9 (v. עֶבֶד). Phrases are:

a. עִיר ד׳ (according to Sayce^{Mod. Rev. l.c.} orig. city of god Dod[o]) = stronghold or citadel of Zion, 2 S 5:7, 9 = 1 Ch 11:5, 7, 2 S 6:10, 12, 16 = 1 Ch 13:13; 15:1, 29, cf. Is 22:9; especially of burial of kings 1 K 2:10; 3:1, 8:1 = 2 Ch 5:2, 1 K 9:24 = 2 Ch 8:11, 1 K 11:27 v 43 = 2 Ch 9:31, 1 K 14:31; 15:8 = 2 Ch 12:16; 13:23, 1 K 15:24 = 2 Ch 16:14, 1 K 22:50 = 2 Ch 21:1, 2 K 8:24 = 2 Ch 21:20, 2 K 9:28; 12:22 = 2 Ch 24:25, 2 K 14:20; 15:7, v 38 = 2 Ch 27:9, 2 K 16:20; burial of Jehoiada 2 Ch 24:16; further 2 Ch 32:5, 30; 33:14 Ne 12:37; cf. also קִרְיַת חָנָה ד׳ Is 29:1.

b. בֵּית ד׳ 2 S 3:1, 6 + (cf. בַּיִת 5 c).

c. אֹהֶל ד׳ Is 16:5 (cf. אֹהֶל 2).

d. סֻכַּת ד׳ Am 9:11 (cf. סֻכָּה sub סכך).

e. כִּסֵּא ד׳ 2 S 3:10 cf. 1 K 1:37; 2:12, 24, 45 Is 9:6 Je 17:25; 22:2, 30; 29:16; 36:30 cf. 13:13; 22:4, (cf. also כִּסֵּא).

f. קִבְרֵי ד׳ Ne 3:16 cf. 2 Ch 32:33 קִבְרֵי בְנֵי־ד׳ (cf. קֶבֶר).

g. מִגְדַּל ד׳ Ct 4:4.

h. כְּלְי־שִׁיר ד׳ אישׁ האלהים Ne 12:36.

i. אֱלֹהֵי ד׳ 2 K 20:5 + (cf. אֱלֹהִים 4 b).

j. חַסְדֵי ד׳ 2 Ch 6:42 Is 55:3 (cf. 2 S 7:15 1 K 3:6 ψ 89:50 2 Ch 1:8 etc.).—(On text note the foll.:—דָּוִד 1 S 30:20a del. 𝔊 𝔙 We Dr; 2 S 3:5 read prob. name of a former husband of Eglah We Dr; 2 S 13:39 read רוּחַ We^{p. 223} Dr; 2 S 19:44 read בְּכוֹר (for בדוד) 𝔊 The We Dr; insert דָּוִד 2 S 9:11; 15:32 & 24:15 𝔊 We Dr; in 1 Ch 18:12 ψ 60:1 אבשׁי & יואב are less orig. than דָּוִד 2 S 8:13 We Dr).

† [דּוּדַי] n.m. ^{Gn 30:14} mandrake (as love-producing, cf. Di Gn 30:14)—pl. דּוּדָאִים cf. Ew^{189 g} Sta^{§§ 301. 122}) Gn 30:14 Ct 7:14; cstr. דּוּדָאֵי Gn 30:14 + 3 times;—mandrakes, as exciting sexual desire, and favouring procreation Gn 30:14^(×2), 15^(×2), 16 (J); also Ct 7:14 where odour referred to. On דּוּדָאֵי Je 24:1 vessels, baskets, v. דּוּד.

† דּוּד n.m. ^{Je 24:2} pot, jar (Aramaic דּוּדָא, ܕܽܘܕܳܐ; perhaps cf. Syriac ܕܰܘܶܕ disturb, from the idea of boiling)—abs. דּוּד 1 S 2:14 + 4 times; pl. דּוּדִים 2 K 10:7, דְּוָדִים 2 Ch 35:13; pl. cstr. דּוּדָאֵי Je 24:1—

a. pot, kettle or cooking (בִּשֵּׁל) 1 S 2:14 (‖ פָּרוּר, קַלַּחַת, כִּיּוֹר), 2 Ch 35:13 (vb. בִּשֵּׁל, ‖ צַלָּחוֹת, סִירוֹת), cf. Jb 41:12;

b. receptacle for carrying, all Vrss basket, 2 K 10:7 (heads of king’s sons), Je 24:2^(×2) (figs) cf. דּוּדָאֵי Je 24:1, as if from a ii. [דּוּדַי]; ψ 81:7 (clay or bricks, ‖ סֵבֶל).

† [דָּוָה] vb. be ill, unwell (NH ד׳ sorrowful, miserable, not in physical sense; cf. Arabic دَوِىَ [دَآءَ] be ill; Ethiopic ደወየ Assyrian perhaps deriv. diʾû, illness Zim^{BP 96, 97}; Aramaic דְּוִי, דְּוָא, ܕܘܳܐ, ܕܘܺܝ be sad)—

Qal Inf. cstr. אִשָּׁה … כִּימֵי נִדַּת דְּוֹתָהּ Lv 12:2.

† דְּוַי n.[m.] illness, עֶרֶשׂ דְּוָי֑ ψ 41:4 bed of languishing (Che); sg. cstr. (Ew De Di) הֵמָּה כִּדְוֵי לַחְמִי Jb 6:7 they (i.e. my sufferings) are like disease (VB loathsomeness) in my meat, cf. Di; but text dub.

† דָּוֶה adj. faint, unwell—דָּוֶה La 5:17, f. דָּוָה Lv 15:33 = 3 times;

1. faint, La 1:13 (‖ שֹׁמֵמָה) 5:17.

2. unwell, menstruous Lv 15:33; 20:18; Is 30:22 דָּוָה perhaps = כְּלִי דָוָה De.

† I. [מַדְוֶה] n.m. ^{Dt 7:15} sickness—cstr. sg. מַדְוֵה מִצְרַיִם Dt 28:60 (read מַדְוֵי pl., as 7:15?); cstr. pl. מַדְוֵי מִצְרַיִם Dt 7:15 (both ‖ חֳלִי).

† [דַּוַּי] adj. faint (on form cf. Ba^{NB 487})—דַּוָּי֑ Is 1:5 + 2 times—faint, always of heart Is 1:5 (‖ לָחֳלִי fig. of condition of people); Je 8:18 La 1:22 of sorrow and distress.

† דְּיוֹ n.m. ink (NH id., Aramaic דְּיוּתָא, ܕܝܽܘܬܳܐ; Arabic دَوَاةٌ inkbottle, inkhorn; Ges-Dietr Fl NHWB ^{i. 41} der. from √ דוה in assumed sense of slowly flowing; Fl comp. Arabic دُواية, دِواية thin skin on surface of milk, cf. also Ol^{§ 173 g}), וַאֲנִי כֹּתֵב עַל־הַסֵּפֶר בַּדְּי֑וֹ Je 36:18, cf. Lag ^{Ges. Abh. 216}.—On erasible quality of Hebrew ink cf. RS^OTJC, ^{400 f. ed. 2, 71}; v. further L. Löw^{Graphische Requisiten etc. bei den Juden, 1870, i. 145 ff.}

† [דּוּחַ], דִּיחַ vb. rinse, cleanse away by rinsing, washing (NH Hiph., Aramaic Aph. id.; cf. Assyrian dîḫu Dl^{Pr 177})—

Hiph. Pf. sf. הדיחנו Kt Je 51:34 Qr הֱדִיחָ֑נִי but read הִדִּיחני from נדח (Hi, cf. 50:17); Impf. 3 ms. יָדִיחַ Is 4:4; 3 mpl. יָדִיחוּ 2 Ch 4:6 + Ez 40:38 (Co conj. הַקָּדִים);— 1. rinse, victims to be offered in sacrifice Ez 40:38, so 2 Ch 4:6 (cf. supr.) 2. fig. cleanse by washing Is 4:4, of removing guilt.

דויג Kt v. דֹּאֵג sub דאג.

† [דּוּךְ] vb. pound, beat (in mortar) (NH & Aramaic id., Arabic دَاكَ; cf. also Assyrian dâku, kill COT^Gloss.).—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. דָּכוּ֨ בַּמְּדֹכָה (milraʿ) Nu 11:8 (‖ טָֽחֲנוּ בָרֵחַיִם).

† מְדֹכָה n.f. mortar, Nu 11:8.

† דּוּכִיפַת n.f. an unclean bird, perhaps hoopoe, 𝔊 𝔙 Saad al. (cf. Di Kn Lv 11:19) Lv 11:19 Dt 14:18. Name of bird: poss. of Egypt. origin, Bondi^{ZMG 1 (1896), 292} (Arabic, Ol^{§ 221} cf. Kö^{E.T. ix (1898), 476}).

דום (NH דום spread slander, perhaps orig. whisper, cf. דמם, דממה).

† I. דּוּמָה n.f. silence;—ד׳ = שְׁאוֹל ψ 94:17, יֹרְדֵי ד׳ ψ 115:17; also Is 21:11 מַשָּׂא דּוּמָה oracle of silence, i.e. of concealment, hidden meaning, according to Ew Di, but v. ii. ד׳, 3.

† II. דּוּמָה n.pr.

1. m. son of Ishmael Gn 25:15 = 1 Ch 1:30, cf. prob. Dûmath al-Jandal in Northern Arabia in Jôf v. Burckhardt^{Travels in Syria 662 f.} Di; also Ges ^Comm. on Is 21:11, Glaser^{Skizze ii. 392, 440}.

2. city in mountains of Judah Jos 15:52, comp. Δοῦμα in the Daroma, 17 miles from Eleutheropolis Lag^{Onom. 250, 2nd ed. 258}, = mod. Daume, SW. from Hebron vandeVelde^{Memoir 308} Guérin ^{Judée iii. 359 ff.} cf. Di.

3. name of Edom with mystic meaning Is 21:11 Duma = silence of death, desolation, De Che al. (JDMich Ges Hi think 3 = 1; 𝔊 has Ἰδουμαια; Jerinterpr. as part of Idumea; still another view sub i. דּוּמָה).

† דּוּמִיָּה, דֻּמִיָּה (ψ 65:2) n.f. silence, still waiting, repose—ψ 39:3 silence; 62:2 still waiting, resignation (Dr^{§ 189. 2}; but read prob., as v 6, דֹּמִּי, Bi Gr Che); 65:2 id. (but Ew Che Bä al. דֹּמִיָּה is meet? from I. דָּמָה, 𝔊 πρέπει, v. Che); 22:3 repose (from grief and tears: Je 14:17).

† דּוּמָם n.[m.] silence Hb 2:19 אֶבֶן ד׳ stone of silence = dumb stone; adv. in silence, silently, Is 47:5 La 3:26 (? read here וְדָמַס from דמס).

דּוּמֶּ֫שֶׂק 2 K 16:10 cf. דַּמֶּשֶׂק.

[דון] vb. dub.; only in יָדוֹן Gn 6:3, v. דין.

† [דּוּן] n.[m.] dub.; Qr Jb 19:29 שַׁדּיּ֯ן; v. דִּין n.

† [דּוּץ] vb. spring, leap, dance (Aramaic דּוּץ be joyous, ܕܳܨ, leap, dance, be joyous; Arabic داص med. י, decline, slip or move about, glide to and fro; Dl^{Pr 65, 66} comp. Assyrian dâṣu, withdraw, retreat, but cf. Nö^{ZMG 1886, 730})—

Qal Impf. 3 fs. תָּדוּץ דְּאָבָה Jb 41:14 before him danceth dismay.

דוק (? √ of foll.; meaning dub. cf. Sm Ez 4:2 Lag ^{Ges Abhandl. 36}).

† דָּיֵק n.m. bulwark, siege-wall—דָּיֵק 2 K 25:1 + 5 times—בנה ד׳ עליה סביב 2 K 25:1 = Je 52:4; cf. Ez 4:2; 17:17; 21:27 (all ‖ שׁפך סֹלֲלָה); נתן ד׳ על Ez 26:8 (‖ id.)

דּוּר vb.

1. heap up, pile. 2. dwell (orig. move in a circle, go about, surround, cf. Arabic دَارَ; دَارٌ house, especially as group of buildings about a court; Assyrian dûru, wall, fortress, COT^Gloss.; thence (denom. Fl NHWB^{i. 440}) dwell Aramaic דּוּר, ܕܳܪ (pt. & Pa), hence in Heb. cf. Giesebr ^{ZAW i. 304} Fl ^l.c. Che^{OP 479}; Ethiopic ዳር generation (= דּוֹר: prob. loan-word); according to Hpt KAT^{2 Gloss.. i.} Assyrian [darû, endure], dârû, everlasting (cf. Bez ^{Orient Diplom.}) = Arabic دَهْرٌ long time, age)—

Qal in Inf. מִדּוּר באהלי־רשׁע ψ 84:11 than to dwell in tents of wickedness. Imv. (or Inf. abs. irreg. for דּוֹר, cf. ‖ לָקוֹחַ) דּוּר העצמים Ez 24:5 heap up.—In Gn 6:3 some read Impf. 3 ms. יָדוּר shall dwell, for ידון; v. דין.

† דּוּר n.[m.] circle, ball—

1. circle Du Is 29:3 thinks noun here also is כַּדּוּד (or כִּדּוֹד) = כִּידוֹר onset of combatants; Marti כְּדָוִד as 𝔊 Lo Brd al. וְחָנִיתִי כַּדּוּר עליך Is 29:3 (> 𝔊 Brd כְּדָוִד).

2. ball צָנוֹף יִצְנָפְךָ צְנֵפָה כַּדּוּר Is 22:18 (so most; but Bö^{NÄ ii. 134} De Or Jastr ^{PAOS 1888, xcv. ff.} regard noun as כַּדּוּר, ball, as Talm., from כדר cf. also MV SS s.v.). [

3. heap, pile Ez 24:5 Thes Ke MV cf. מְדוּרָה v 9; but v. supr. sub דּוּר vb.]

† I. דּוֹר, דֹּר n.m. ^{Dt 32:5} period, generation, dwelling (cf. sub vb. supr.; also NH דּוֹר, Aramaic (incl. Biblical Aramaic) דָּר, ܕܳܪ, age, generation; Arabic دَوْرٌ gyrus, orbis, periodus; Sab. דר, one time, once, דרם דרם each once in a year DHM in MV)—abs. דּוֹר Gn 7:1 + 68 times; דֹּר Ex 3:15; + 36 textual; cstr. דּוֹר Dt 32:20 + 7 times, דֹּר Ex 3:15; sf. דּוֹרִי Is 38:12, דּוֹרוֹ Is 53:8; pl. דּוֹרִים ψ 72:5 + 2 times, דֹּרוֹת abs. Jb 42:16 Is 41:4; cstr. Ju 3:2; דּוֹרוֹת cstr. Is 51:9, דֹּרֹת Gn 9:12; sf. דֹּרֹתָיו Gn 6:9 Lv 25:30, דּוֹרוֹתֵינוּ Jos 22:27, דֹּרֹתֵינוּ v 28, דּרֹתֵיכֶם Gn 17:12 + 27 times, דֹּרֹתָם Gn 17:7 + 10 times;—

1. period, age, generation, mostly poet.: a. of duration in the past, former age(s) דּוֹרוֹת עוֹלָמִים Is 51:9 (‖ ימי קדם); שְׁנוֹת דֹּר וָדֹר Dt 32:7 (song; ‖ ימות עולם); בְּדֹר וָדֹר ψ 90:1 (cf. v 2); מוֹסְדֵי דּוֹר־וָדוֹר Is 58:12 (‖ חרבות עולם); שֹׁמֲמוֹת דּוֹר וָדוֹר 61:4 (‖ id.) b. usually of duration to come, future age(s), לְדֹר דֹּר Ex 3:15 (E; ‖ לעולם) cf. Pr 27:24 Kt (Qr לְדוֹר וָדוֹר; ‖ id.); מִדֹּר דֹּר Ex 17:16 (E), = מִדּוֹר לָדוֹר Is 34:10; לְדֹר וָדֹר ψ 10:6; 33:11 (‖ לעולם) 49:12; 79:13; 85:6; 102:13; 119:90; 135:13; 146:10 Jo 4:20 (all ‖ id.); ψ 89:2 (‖ עולם) 89:5 (‖ עד־עולם) 106:31 (‖ id.) Is 34:17 (‖ id.); ψ 77:9 (‖ לנצח); עַד־דֹּר וָדֹר ψ 100:5 (‖ לעולם) Is 13:20 (‖ לנצח) Je 50:39 (‖ id.); בְּכָל־דֹּר וָדֹר ψ 45:18 (‖ לעולם ועד) cf. Est 9:28; שְׁנוֹתָיו כְּמוֹ דֹר וָדֹר ψ 61:7 cf. שְׁנֵי דּוֹר וָדוֹר Jo 2:2 (‖ העולם); as modifying phrase מְשׂוֹשׂ דּוֹר וָדוֹר Is 60:15 (‖ גאון עולם); further דּוֹר דּוֹרִים ψ 72:5; 102:25; יְשׁוּעָתִי לְדוֹר דּוֹרִים Is 51:8 (‖ לעולם). c. apparently including both past and future בְּדוֹר דּוֹרִים שְׁנוֹתֶיךָ ψ 102:25; בְּכָל דּוֹר וָדֹר ψ 145:13; לְדוֹר וָדוֹר La 5:19.

2. of men living at a particular time (period, age), generation, as transitory דּוֹר הֹלֵךְ וְדוֹר בָּא Ec 1:4: specific. a. in the present, and (or) the past Gn 7:1 (J) Ex 1:6 (P) Nu 32:13 (JE) Dt 1:35; 2:14 Ju 2:10^(×2) Is 53:8 (cf. Che crit. n.) Je 2:31; also ψ 95:10 Jb 8:8 Is 41:4. b. Ju 3:2 (present & future); cf. pl. דֹּרֹתָיו Gn 6:9 (i.e. his own gen. and those immediately contiguous, before and after). c. especially of a future generation Gn 15:16 (JE), with numeral, cf. Dt 23:3, 4, 9; also Dt 29:21 ψ 48:14; 71:18; 78:4, 6; 102:19; 109:13 Jo 1:3 cf. ψ 22:31, 32 (Che crit. n.); of a succession of generations דּוֹר לְדוֹר יְשַׁבַּח מַעֲשֶׂיךָ ψ 145:4; בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Est 9:28; usually pl. לְדֹרֹת עוֹלָם Gn 9:12 (P); with num. לְאֶלֶף דּוֹר ψ 105:8 (‖ עולם) = 1 Ch 16:15 (‖ לעולם); Dt 7:9; v. further, of posterity, אַרְבָּעָה דֹּרוֹת Jb 42:16; usually pl. c. sf. Gn 17:7, 9, 12 Ex 12:14, 17, 42; 16:32, 33; 27:21; 29:42; 30:8, 10, 21, 31; 31:13, 16; 40:15 Lv 3:17; 6:11; 7:36; 10:9 (all P); 17:7; 21:17; 22:3; 23:14, 21, 31, 41, 43; 24:3; 25:30 (all H); Nu 9:10; 10:8; 15:14, 15, 21, 23, 38; 18:23; 35:29 Jos 22:27, 28 (all P).

3. generation characterized by quality or condition, class of men: דּוֹר עִקֵּשׁ crooked generation Dt 32:5 (song) cf. v 20 ψ 78:8^(×2) Je 7:29; of diff. classes of wicked, Pr 30:11, 12, 13, 14 cf. ψ 12:8; of the righteous, as a class ψ 14:5; 24:6; 73:15 (דּוֹר בָּנֶיךָ) 112:2 (cf. 22:31 MT, but < Che joins לדור to v 32 cf. supr. sub 2 c); so also דּוֹר אֲבוֹתָיו i.e. the dead ψ 49:20 (so most; yet v. infr. sub 4).

4. dwelling-place, habitation Is 38:12 cf. דּוּר vb., so Saad Ki Ges De Che RVm (Ew life ‖ חַיַּי); so also ψ 49:20 De Witt, cf. CheOP ⁴⁷⁹.

† II. דֹּאר, דּוֹר n.pr.loc. (Ph. דאר; cuneif. Du’ru KG¹²¹ COT on Jos 17:11) city in Manasseh, on Mediterr., S. of Carmel (9 Roman miles N. of Caesarea, cf. Lag^{Onom. 115, 2nd ed. 149}), דּוֹר Jos 12:23; דּוֹר וּבְנוֹתֶיהָ Ju 1:27 1 Ch 7:29 = דֹּאר וּב׳ Jos 17:11; נָפַת דּוֹר Jos 12:23 = נָפַת דֹּאר 1 K 4:11; נָפוֹת דּוֹר Jos 11:2 (cf. נפה); mod. Ṭanṭura Wilson^{Lands of Bible ii. 249} vandeVelde ^{Narrat. i. 333} Bd^{Pal 233} cf. Di Jos 11:2. On עֵין־דֹּר(דּוֹר) v. sub עַיִן.

† מְדוּרָה n.f. pile (of wood, etc.) מ׳ Ez 24:9; מְדֻרָתָהּ אֵשׁ ועצים הרבה Is 30:33 = pyre (so Ges Hi De Che Brd; Ew Di its circuit, compass).

† דּוּשׁ, דִּישׁ vb. tread, thresh (Arabic دَاسَ, Assyrian dâšu, Impf. 1 s. adîš Dl^{Pr 191} COT ^Gloss. Hom^{NS 391}; cf. NH דּוּשׁ, Aramaic id., ܕܳܫ; v. further Nö^{ZMG 1883, 538})—

Qal Pf. דָּשׁ 1 Ch 21:20, וְדַשְׁתִּ֫י Ju 8:7; Impf. וַיָּדָשׁ so read for וַיֹּדַע Ju 8:16 cf. Be Door Bu Vrss 2 ms. תָּדוּשׁ Is 41:15 Hb 3:12; 3 ms. sf. יְדוּשֶׁ֑נּוּ Is 28:28; 3 fs. sf. תְּדוּשֶׁ֑הָ Jb 39:15; Imv. fs. דּוֹשִׁי Mi 4:13; Inf. cstr. לָדֻשׁ 2 K 13:7, לָדוּשׁ Ho 10:11, sf. דּוּשָׁם Am. 1:3; דִּישׁוֹ Dt 25:4; abs. אָדוֹשׁ Is 28:28 as if from אדשׁ cf. Kö^{i 444}; yet אדשׁ nowhere else & form very possibly textual error, cf. Ol^{§ 245 k}; Pt. f. דָּשָׁא Je 50:11;—tread on, trample on, c. acc. Jb 39:15 (beast on eggs, ‖ זוּר); thresh, lit. c. acc. חִטִּים 1 Ch 21:20 Je 50:11, לֶחֶם (i.e. its material) Is 28:28 (in sim.); abs. 2 K 13:7 (in sim.); Ho 10:11 (metaph. of Ephraim as heifer); tread or thresh Ju 8:7 with (אֶת = together with, cf. Stu; Ew^{§ 234 e} takes as acc., & vb. as abbrev. Hiph.) thorns, קוֹצִים and בַּרְקָנִים q.v.; and also in Ju 8:16 (read וידשׁ cf. supr.) sq. בָּהֶם, with them, ref. to קוצים and ברקנים; fig. of devastation of land Am 1:3 (Gilead), destruction of peoples Hb 3:12 (גוים); espec. Mi 4:13 (abs.), where full metaph.; hyperbol. of Israel Is 41:15 c. acc. הרים.—

Niph. be trampled down, Pf. וְנָדוֹשׁ consec. Is 25:10 fig., subj. Moab; Inf. הִדּוּשׁ ib. (simile, subj. מתבן straw-heap; on form cf. Ol^{§ 193 a} Ba^{NB 156})—

Hoph. be threshed, Impf. יוּדַשׁ Is 28:27 (subj. קֶצַח).

† דַּ֫יִשׁ n.m. threshing, i.e. the process of threshing, Lv 26:5 (H) וְהִשִּׂיג לָכֶם ד׳ אֶת־בָּצִיר.

† [מְדֻשָֿׁה] n.f. that which is threshed; sf. מְדֻשָֿׁתִי Is 21:10 (‖ בֶּן־גָּרְנִי) fig. in address to Israel by prophet.

† I. דִּישֹׁן n.[m.] a clean animal, 𝔊 πύγαργος cf. 𝔙; hence AV RV & most pygarg, a kind of antelope or gazelle, cf. Di Lv 11:2 f.; perhaps rather mountain-goat, Hom^{NS 391} cf. Ethiopic Vrs.; only Dt 14:5—(Hom ^l.c. der. from √ דושׁ with kindred meaning of spring, leap & comp. Assyrian daššu; so already Dl^{S i. 54}).

† II. דִּישֹׁן n.pr.m.

1. a son of Seir דִּשׁוֹן Gn 36:21 = דִּישֹׁן 1 Ch 1:38;

2. a son of Anah & grandson of Seir דִּשֹׁ֑ן Gn 36:25 cf. v 30 so also v 26 (for דִּישָׁן q.v.) = דִּישׁוֹן 1 Ch 1:41^(×2), 42, cf. also foll.

† דִּישָׁן n.pr.m. a son of Seir דִּישָׁ֑ן Gn 36:21 (𝔊 Ῥισών; so v 28, 30 cf. Di) 1 Ch 1:38; (v 42 read דִּישׁוֹן q.v.) Gn 36:26 (read דִּישׁוֹן 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Ol Di) v 30 דִּישָׁ֖ן Gn 36:28.

דָּחָה vb. push, thrust (NH id. Aramaic דְּחִי, דְּחָא, ܕܚܳܐ; cf. also Arabic دَحَا spread, extend, also throw, propel)—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. דְּחִיתַנִי ψ 118:13; Inf. cstr. לִדְחוֹת ψ 140:5; abs. דָּחֹה ψ 118:13; Pt. act. דֹּחֶה ψ 35:5 (read דֹּחָם 𝔊 De Che); pass. f. הַדְּחוּיָה ψ 62:4;—push, דָּחֹה דָחָה push violently fig. c. acc. ψ 118:13 sq. cl. of purpose לִנְפֹּל, cf. לִדְחוֹת פעמי ψ 140:5 (Che trip up my feet), & ψ 35:5 (transp. דחה with רדפם v 6 and read דֹּחָם 𝔊; cf. יְהִי־דרכם חשׁך וַחֲלַקְלַקֹּת v a, and Je 23:12); pushed in (Che), in sim., pt. pass., said of גָּדֵר wall ψ 62:4 (‖ קיר נטוי).

Niph. Impf. יִדָּחֶה Pr 14:32; (3 mpl. יִדַּ֫חוּ Je 23:12 is from דחח, if rightly pointed; נִדְחֵי Is 11:12; 56:8 ψ 147:2, v. sub נדח);—be thrust or cast down, fig. of wicked Pr 14:32, cf. ψ 35:5 supr.

Pu. Pf. 3 pl. דֹּחוּ ψ 36:13 they are thrust down (‖נפלו & לא יכלו קום).

† [דְּחִי] n.[m.] stumbling הִצַּלְתָּ … רַגְלַי מִדֶּ֑חי ψ 56:14 = 116:8.

† מִדְחֶה n.m. means or occasion of stumbling, Pr 26:28 פֶּה־חָלָק יַעֲשֶׂה מ׳ (‖ לְשׁוֹן־שֶׁקֶר יִשְׂנָא דַכָּו).

[דָּחַח] vb. only

Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. יִדַּ֫חוּ (Kö^{i 377}) Je 23:12 they shall be thrust down, fig., of wicked; read perhaps יִדָּח֫וּ, from דחה q.v.

דחן (√ of following; perhaps cf. Arabic دَخَنَ smoke arose, hence become dusky, dingy, inclining to black).

† דֹּ֫חַן n.m. millet (NH דּוֹחַן Aramaic דּוֹחִינָא), ד׳ Ez 4:9 in the series חִטִּין וּשְׂעֹרִים וּפוֹל וַעֲדָשִׁים וְד׳ וְכֻסְּמִים v. Löw⁷².

† [דָּחַף] vb. drive, hasten (late) (NH id., Aramaic דְּחַף)—

Qal Pt. pass. pl. דְּחוּפִים of runners Est 3:15; 8:14 (‖ מְבֹהָלִים).

Niph. Pf. hasten one’s self, hurry נִדְחַף אֶל־ Est 6:12; נִדְחַף לָצֵאת 2 Ch 26:20 (‖ בהל).

† [מַדְחֵפָה] n.f. thrust, ψ 140:12 יְצוּדֶנּוּ לְמַדְחֵפֹת (evil) shall hunt him with thrust upon thrust (Che, cf. De).

† [דָּחַק] vb. thrust, crowd, oppress (NH id., Arabic دَحَقَ drive away, remove, Aramaic דְּחַק, ܕܚܰܩ )—

Qal Impf. יִדְחָק֔וּן thrust, crowd, of locusts in swarm Jo 2:8; Pt. act. pl. sf. לֹחֲצֵיהֶם וְדֹחֲקִיהֶם Ju 2:18 (because of) them that maltreated and oppressed them.

† דַּי subst. sufficiency, enough (NH, but not known in other cogn. languages)—cstr. דֵּי, with sf. (v. infr.) דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ, דַּיָּם—

1. absol. thrice only Mal 3:10 I will pour you out a blessing עֵד־בְּלִי־דָֽי until there is not sufficiency, i.e. until my abundance can be exhausted, or, as this can never be, for ever (cf. ψ 72:7), Est 1:18 וּכְדַי בִּזָּיוֹן וָקָ֑צֶף and (there will be) as enough (i.e. in plenty) contempt and wrath, 2 Ch 30:3 לְמַדַּי = לְמַה־דַּי for what was sufficient. With a gen. of the person or thing for which anything suffices: Ex 36:5 מִדֵּי הָעֲבֹרָה (more) than enough for the work, Lv 5:7 and if his hand do not reach (if he do not command) דֵּי שֶׂה enough for (i.e. to buy) a lamb, 12:8; 25:28 דֵּי הָשִׁיב לוֹ enough for recovering it, Dt 15:8 דֵּי מַחְסֹרוֹ enough for his need, Is 40:16^(×2). With suff. Pr 25:16 אֱכֹל דַּיּ֑ךָּ eat that which is sufficient for thee; דַּיָּם Ex 36:7 Je 49:9 Ob v 5. Once with gen. of the thing which is sufficient, Pr 27:27 דֵּי חֲלֵב עִזִּים enough of goats’ milk.

2. Combined with בְּ, כְּ, and especially מִן, דַּי (דֵּי) has a tendency to form compound prepositions, used idiomatically in certain applications:— a. בְּדֵי (a) for (the בְּ pretii) what suffices for: Na 2:13 the lion tare in pieces בְּדֵי גֹרוֹתָיו for the need of his whelps (‖ לְלִבְאֹתָיו; but? כְּדֵי, v. b); iron. Hb 2:13 Je 51:58 the peoples labour בְּדֵי־אֵשׁ for fire (only to satisfy the fire), and the nations weary themselves בְּדֵי־רִיק for what is empty. (β in the abundance of, i.e. as often as Job 39:25 בְּדֵי שׁוֹפָר in the abundance of the trumpet, i.e. as often as the trumpet sounds (מִדֵּי elsewhere in this sense). b. כְּדֵי according to the sufficiency, or abundance, of Lv 25:26 and find כְּדֵי גְאֻלָּתוֹ according to the sufficiency of his redemption, i.e. as much as it demands, Dt 25:2 Ne 5:8 כְּדֵי בָנוּ (st. c. before בְּ: Ges^{§ 130, 1}) ‘quantum in nobis erat,’ after our ability, Ju 6:5 they came כְּדֵי אַרְבֶּה לָרֹב according to the abundance of the locust in multitude (for which כָּאַרְבֶּה לָרֹב would ordinarily be said: cf. 7:12). c. מִדֵּי out of the abundance of, hence as often as;—(a) sq. inf. 1 S 1:7 מִדֵּי עֲלֹתָהּ = as often as she went up, 18:30 1 K 14:28 (= 2 Ch 12:11) 2 K 4:8 Is 28:19 מִדֵּי עָבְרוֹ as often as it passeth over, Je 31:20; (β) sq. subst., Je 48:27 מִדֵּי דְבָרֶיךָ בּוֹ as often as thy words (are) of him; and in the idiom. phrases מִדֵּי שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה = yearly (a combination of מִדֵּי שָׁנָה and שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה: v. sub שָׁנָה) 1 S 7:16 (v. Dr) Zc 14:16 2 Ch 24:5; and מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ Is 66:23 as often as month (comes) in its month (i.e. in its own time: חֹדֶשׁ made more precise by the add. of בְּחָדְשׁוֹ; cf. the phrase דְּבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ): so מִדֵּי שַׁבָּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ ib.; (γ) as conj., with the finite verb (אֲשֶׁר being understood: cf. בַּעֲבוּר etc.), Je 20:8 מִדֵּי אֲדַבֵּר as often as I speak.

† דִּי זָהָב n.pr.loc. appar. on border of Moab Dt 1:1 (𝔊 Καταχρύσεα).

† דִּיבֹן, דִּיבוֹן n.pr.loc.—

1. city in Moab (MI^{21, 28} דיבן, cf. ib.¹ adj. gent. הדיבני)—דִּיבֹן Nu 21:30; 32:3, 34 (built up or at by Gad) Is 15:2; in territory of Gad, hence דִּיבֹן גָּ֑ד Nu 33:45, 46 (cf. on these vv. & 32:34 MI^{10 f.}); also דִּיבוֹן Jos 13:9, 17 Je 48:22; ישֶׁבֶת בַּת דִּיבוֹן Je 48:18; = דִּימוֹן Is 15:9, vid. also מֵי דִימוֹן v 9 = Arnon, cf. Che & Hpt^{ZA 1887, 268};—mod. Dîbân, north of Arnon, cf. Seetzen^{Reisen i. 409} Tristr^{Land of Moab 132 ff.} Bd.^{Pal. 193}

2. דִּיבֹן Ne 11:25 place in Judah, toward south = דִּימוֹנָה Jos 15:22, cf. Hpt^l.c.; conject. by Kn Ke (cf. Di) to be Tell ed Dheib (vandeVelde^{Mem 252}) called also Ehdeib (Rob^{BR ii. 102})

דִּיג, דַּיָּג v. sub דגה.

דַּיָּה v. sub דאה.

דְּיוֹ v. sub דוה.

† דִּימוֹן n.pr.loc. = דִּיבוֹן 1, q.v.

† דִּימוֹנָה n.pr.loc. = דִּיבוֹן 2, q.v.

† דִּין vb. judge (cf. Arabic دَانَ intrans. to be obedient, submissive, trans. requite, compensate, rule, govern, دِينٌ obedience, abasement, recompense, دَيَّانٌ requiter, governor, مَدِينَةٌ city; Assyrian dânu, Impf. idı̂n, judge, Aramaic דָּן (יְדִין, יְדוּן) Syriac ܕܳܢ (ܢܕܽܘܢ) judge, exercise judgment, punish, דִּיָּינָא, ܕܰܝܳܢܳܐ judge, דִּינָא, ܕܝܻܢ judgment, ܡܕܝܺܢܻܬܳܐ city;—on √ ע״י v. Nö^{ZMG 1883, 533}), syn. שָׁפַט—

Qal Pf. דָּן Je 22:16, etc.; Impf. יָדִין Gn 49:16 + 9 times, יָדוֹן Gn 6:3 cf. infr., etc.; Imv. דִּין Pr 31:9 Jb 35:14; דִּינוּ Je 21:12; Inf. לָדִין ψ 50:4 + 2 times; Pt. דָּן Gn 15:14 Je 30:13;— 1. act as judge, minister judgment, of God ידין עמוֹ Dt 32:36 (poet. = ψ 135:14) ψ 50:4; דין עמים ψ 7:9; 96:10 Is 3:13; יָדִין לְאֻמִּים בְּמֵישָׁרִים ψ 9:9; Messianic king ψ 72:2. 2. plead the cause, a. of men, usually c. acc. cogn., אֵין־דָּן דִּינֵךְ there is none to plead thy cause Je 30:13; ד׳ דִּין יָתוֹם plead cause of orphan Je 5:28; ד׳ דין עני ואביון Je 22:16; also acc. cogn. om., Pr 31:9. b. of God, דָּנַנִּי אֱלֹהִים God has pled my cause Gn 30:6 (E). 3. execute judgment, vindicate, in battle against enemies, דָּן יָדִין עַמּוֹ Dan will judge (vindicate as a warrior) his people (v. Di) Gn 49:16 (poet.); the Messianic king בגוים ψ 110:6; God, בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ תְדִינֵנִי in thy might judge me (vindicate me) ψ 54:3. 4. execute judgment, requite, of man, דִּינוּ לַבֹּקֶר מִשְׁפָּט execute judgment every morning Je 21:12; of God, upon Egypt Gn 15:14 (E); עמים by means of powers of nature Jb 36:31; אפסי ארץ 1 S 2:10 (poet.) 5. govern, אַתָּה תָּדִין אֶת־בֵּיתִי thou shalt govern my house Zc 3:7. 6. לֹא־יוּכַל לָדִין עִם he cannot contend with one mightier than he Ec 6:10.

Niph. Pt. וַיְהִי כָל־הָעָם נָדוֹן בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל and all the people were at strife througout all the tribes of Israel 2 S 19:10 (reciprocal, cf. Dr.)

Note. —לֹא־יָדוֹן רוּחִי בָֽאָדָם לְעֹלָם Gn 6:3 cp. perhaps دان continue, do something continually, in mod. Egyptian Arabic (So^{SK lxvii (1894), 211 f.}).is difficult. (1) 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖 Onk read ידור or (Kue) ילון abide in, dwell,—My spirit will not abide in man for ever; this best suits the context, but ידור, as Aramaism, is dub. (2) Kn De Schr RVm render rule in, supported by Zc 3:7 only. (3) Thes Ew Di render be humbled in, sustained by Arabic, not Heb., usage. (4) strive with of AV RV (cf. 6 supr.) is not justified. יָדוֹן

† דִּין n.[m.] judgment—Dt 17:8 + 16 times; sf. דִּינִי ψ 9:5, דִּינֵךְ Je 30:13;—

1. כסא דין throne of judgment Pr 20:8; משׁמים השׁמעת דין from heaven thou didst cause judgment to be heard ψ 76:9.

2. cause, plea, בין דין לדין between plea and plea Dt 17:8; דין דין plead a cause Je 5:28; 22:16; 30:13; עשׂה דין maintain the cause ψ 9:5; 140:13; ידע דין consider the cause Pr 29:7; דין לפניו the cause is before him Jb 35:14; שׂנה דין change the cause Pr 31:5; לְהַטּוֹת מִדִּין דַּלִּים Is 10:2; דין יתום Je 5:28; דין כל בני חֲלוֹף Pr 31:8.

3. judgment, condemnation, דין רשׁע judgment of the wicked Jb 36:17; דין ומשׁפט judgment and justice v 17.

4. strife, דין וקלון Pr 22:10 (legal strife, law-suit Str).

5. government, דת ודין law and government Est 1:13.

Note. —לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן שַׁדּיּ֯ן Jb 19:29 is variously explained. (1) AV RV that ye may know there is a judgment follow Aq Symm Theod, so De Da, in interpreting שׁ relative + דִּין judgment, but שׁ is unknown to the dialect of Job and דִּין is used only in Elihu section. (2) 𝔊 reads ὕλη or ἴσχυς (i.e. שַׁדַּי (cf. 29:5 𝔊)? or שֹׁד?), & Qr שַׁדּוּן, indicating ancient uncertainty and a corrupt text. (3) Ew Di read שַׁדַּי the Almighty, which accords with usage of Job. (4) Siegf כִּי שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ (doubtfully).

† דִּינָה n.pr.f. daughter of Jacob Gn 30:21; 34:1, 3, 5, 13, 25, 26; 46:15.

† דָּן n.pr.m. (judge)—

1. son of Jacob and Bilhah Gn 30:6; 35:25 Ex 1:4 Jos 19:47 Ju 18:29 1 Ch 2:2.

2. the tribe of Dan, מַטֵּה דָן Ex 31:6; 35:34; 38:23 Lv 24:11 Nu 1:39; 13:12 Jos 21:5, 23 (all P); בְּנֵי דָן Gn 46:23 Nu 1:38; 2:25; 7:66; 10:25; 26:42; 34:22 Jos 19:40, 47^(×2), 48 (all P) Ju 1:34 18:2, 16, 22, 23, 25, 26, 30; מַחֲנֵה דָן Nu 2:25, 31 (P)—on Ju 13:25; 18:12 v. מַחֲנֶה; מִשְׁפְּחֹת דָּן Nu 26:42 (P); דָּן alone in poetry Gn 49:16, 17 Dt 33:22^(×2) Ju 5:17, elsewhere Nu 1:12 (P) Dt 27:13 1 Ch 27:22 2 Ch 2:13 Ez 48:1, 2, 32.

3. a city on northern frontier of Israel at one of the sources of the Jordan, originally לַיִשׁ Ju 18:29 (cf. v 7); = לָשֶׁם Jos 19:47; captured by a colony of Danites; named Dan, and made a sacred place with rites of worship that lasted until the exile (Ju 18:30); =Tell el Kâdî, Rob^{BR iii. 351, 358} Bd^{Pal 265}. This place is frequently referred to: Gn 14:14 Dt 34:1 1 K 12:29, 30; 15:20 2 K 10:29 2 Ch 16:4 Je 4:15; 8:16 Am 8:14: read also וּבְדָן for וְכֵן 2 S 20:18 𝔊 Ew We cf. Dr; and v. the phrase מִדָּן וְעַד־בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע Ju 20:1 1 S 3:20 2 S 3:10; 17:11; 24:2, 15 1 K 5:5; given by Chr מִבְּאֵר שֶׁכַע וְעַד־דָּן 1 Ch 21:2 2 Ch 30:5. (Ez 27:19 v. ודן.)

Note. —דָּ֫נָה יַעַן or דַּנָֿה (Bear) 2 S 24:6. No such place known; text usually regarded as corrupt,and, 𝔊 being uncertain, variously changed: (1) דָּ֫נָה יַעַר to Dan in the wood, Thes after 𝔙 silvestria. (2) (וַיָּסֹבּוּ) דָּ֫נָה וְעִיּוֹן to Dan and Ijon Klo (cf. 1 K 15:20). (3) (סָֽבֲבוּ) דָּן וּמִדָּן We Dr cf. 𝔊.

† דָּנִי adj.gent. always c. art. as n.pr. coll. הַדָּנִי 1 Ch 12:35; שֵׁבֶט הַדָּנִי Ju 18:1, 30; מִשְׁפַּחַת הַדָּנִי Ju 13:2; 18:11.

† דַּיָּן n.m. judge 1 S 24:16; cstr. דַּיַּן ψ 68:6.

דָּנִאֵל later דָּנִיֵּאל n.pr.m. (cf. Ew^{§ 45 d}; Ēl is my judge; on a possible connexion with Zend dânu, wise, or wisdom cf. Che^{OP 107}; v. Palm. דנאל Vog⁹³)—

1. son of David 1 Ch 3:1, דָּנִיֵּאל, but dub. cf. Che^{OP 106}; 𝔊 Δαμνιηλ, 𝔊L & Codd. Δαλουια; ‖ 2 S 3:3 כִּלְאָב, 𝔊 Δαλουια Klo^Sm proposes דֹּדִיָּה & in Ch דֹּדִיאֵל, but grounds precarious.

2. דָּנִיֵּאל priest of the line of Ithamar Ezr 8:2 Ne 10:7.

3. דָּנִאֵל a great sage Ez 28:3; classed with Noah and Job as models of righteousness Ez 14:14, 20; perhaps the same as

4. דָּנִיֵּאל, one of the noble young men taken into captivity by Nebuchadrezzar according to Dn 1:1–6, the hero of the book of Daniel, Dn 1:6 + 22 times (also frequently in Aramaic section).

† I. מָדוֹן n.m. ^{Pr 22:10} strife, contention—ψ 80:7 + 9 times; pl. מִדְיָנִים Pr 18:18, מִדְ֯וָנִים Pr 18:19 + 7 times; contracted into מְדָנִים Pr 6:19; 10:12, מִדֳ֯נִים Pr 6:14; cstr. מִדְיְנֵי Pr 19:13.

1. strife, contention, alm. wholly Pr:—Pr 18:19; 23:29; 26:20; also 17:14 (‖ רִיב), 22:10 (‖ דִּין וְקָלוֹן); מ׳ יִשָּׂא Hb 1:3 contention ariseth (‖ ריב); שׁלּח מ׳ let loose strife Pr 6:14, 19; 16:28; יְגָרֶה מ׳ he stirreth up strife 15:18; 28:25; 29:22; note especially אִישׁ מִדְוָ֯נִים 26:21 = a contentious, quarrelsome man; oftener אֵשֶׁת מ׳ = a contentious woman 21:9; 25:24; 27:15, cf. אֵשֶׁת מ׳ וָכָ֑עַס 21:19.

2. object of contention ψ 80:7, cf. אִישׁ מָדוֹן Je 15:10 (‖ אִישׁ רִיב).—On מָדוֹן 2 S 21:20 Qr, v. i. מִדָּה sub מדד.

† II. מָדוֹן n.pr.loc. a royal city of the Canaanites Jos 11:1; 12:19; 𝔊 Μαρρν, Μαδων, Λαμορων;= Madîn. close to Hattîn, Survey^{i. 365}, dub.; a village Maron lies 2 hours WSW. from Kedesh, van deVelde^{Mem 146}, cf. Di.

† מְדָן n.pr.m. 1. son of Abraham and Keturah Gn 25:2 1 Ch 1:32.

מִדְיָן n.pr.m.

1. son of Abraham and Keturah Gn 25:2, 4 (J) 1 Ch 1:32, 33.

2. an Arabian tribe Gn 36:35 (= 1 Ch 1:46) Nu 31:3^(×2), 7, 8^(×2), 9 (P) Ju 6–9 (31 times); having a כֹּהֵן (as chieftain?) Ex 2:16; 3:1; 18:1 (E); זקנים Nu 22:4, 7 (JE), נשׂיא(ים) Nu 25:18 (P) Jos 13:21 (P), שׂרים Ju 7:25; 8:3, מלכים Nu 31:8^(×2) Ju 5:5, 12, 26; בִּכְרֵי מִדְיָן dromedaries of Midian Is 60:6; יוֹם מִדְיָן day of Midian Is 9:3 (the victory over Midian Ju 7–8) cf. 10:26 ψ 83:10.

3. אֶרֶץ מִדְיָן the land of Midian Ex 2:15 (E) Hb 3:7; מִדְיָן Ex 4:19 (J) Nu 25:15 (P) 1 K 11:18; land of Ælantic gulf (where Arabic geographers still place town مدين). Cf. on Midian, Glaser^{Skizze ii. 447 ff.}; Hom^{Aufsätze i. (1892), 4 f.}

† מִדְיָנִי adj.gent. Midianite—Nu 10:29 (J); f. מִדְיָנִית Nu 25:6, 14, 15 (P); pl. מִדְיָנִים Gn 37:28 (JE) Nu 25:17; 31:2 (P), מְדָנִים Gn 37:36 (E).

† מְדִינָה n.f. province (an Aramaic word, cf. Syriac ܡܕܝܺܢܻܬܳܐ, Arabicمَدِينَةٌ city) cf. also Old Aramaic מדינתא city, Palm. מדיתא city, sf. מדיתהון, pl. מדינתא SAC⁷⁰ Lzb³⁰⁶ Cooke ²⁶⁶. Est 1:1 + 28 times; pl. מְדִינוֹת 1 K 20:14 + 23 times;—a district of an empire,

1. districts of realm of Ahab with שׂרים over them 1 K 20:14, 15, 17, 19.

2. of the Babylonian empire: Ez 19:8; Dn 8:2 (of Elam); שָׂרָתִי בַּמְּדִינוֹת princess among the provinces La 1:1 (of Judea).

3. of the Persian empire Est 1:1 + often; one of which was Palestine, Ne 1:3; the returning exiles, בְּנֵי הַמְּדִינָה children of the province Ezr 2:1 Ne 7:6, having רָאשֵׁי הַמְּדִינָה Ne 11:3.

4. provinces in general Ec 2:8; 5:7; בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּי מְדִינָה in the fat places of the province Dn 11:24 (fertile regions, prob. Egypt; other trans. vid. in Bev.)

† יָדוֹן n.pr.m. a Meronothite, one of the builders of the walls of Jerusalem Ne 3:7.

† דִּיפַת n.pr.m. a son of Gomer son of Japhet 1 Ch 1:6; but read prob. רִיפַת (q.v.); 𝔊 Ἐρειφαθ, Ῥιφαε; 𝔊L Ῥιφαθ; ‖ Gn 10:3 רִיפַת 𝔊 Ῥιφαθ, Ἐριφαθ.

דָּיֵק v. sub דוק.

דִּישׁ, דַּיִשׁ i, ii. דִּישֹׁן, דִּישָׁן v. דושׁ.

† [דָּכָא] vb. crush, poet. (Assyrian dakû, crush, Muss-Arnolt^{Hbr Oct. 1890, 66}) not in

Qal ;—

Niph. Pt. נִדְכָּאִים Is 57:15;—crushed, fig. = contrite ones.

Pi. Pf. דִּכָּא ψ 143:3; 2 ms. דִּבִּאתָ ψ 89:11; Impf. וִידַכֵּא ψ 72:4; 2 ms. תְּדַכֵּא Pr 22:22 (juss.); יְדַכְּאוּ ψ 94:5, תְּדַכְּאוּ Is 3:15; sf. וִידַכְּאֵנִי Jb 6:9, יְדַכְּאוּם Jb 4:19; 2 mpl. וּתְדַכּאוּנַּנִי Jb 19:2 (so Baer, v. his ed. p. 44, cf. Norzi); Inf. לְדַכֵּא La 3:34; sf. דַּכְּאוֹ Is 53:10;—crush, (fig.) c. acc. one’s life to the earth ψ 143:3, Egypt ψ 89:11 (cf. De Che; י׳ subj.), servant of Yahweh Is 53:10 (י׳ subj.), Jb 6:9 וְיֹאֵל אֱלוֹהַּ וִיד׳; oppressor ψ 72:4, God’s people ψ 94:5 (‖ יְעַנּוּ), Is 3:15, cf. Pr 22:22 illegally in tribunal, La 3:34 ד׳ תחת רגליו (in all human oppressor subj.); crush me בְּמִלִּים Jb 19:2 (Job’s friends, subj.; ‖ תּוֹגְיוּן נַפְשִׁי); never lit., not even Jb 4:19 (יְדַכְּאוּם, with indef. subj.), for suff. ref. not to בָּֽתֵּי־חֹמֶר, but rather to שֹׁכְנֵי, i.e. men inhabiting the clay houses, bodies, cf. Di.

Pu. Pf. דֻּכְּאוּ Je 44:10; Impf. יְדֻכָּא Jb 22:9; Pt. מְדֻכָּא Is 53:5, מְדֻכָּאִים Is 19:10;—crushed, broken in pieces, shattered Jb 22:9 c. obj. fem. זרועות; Is 19:10 subj. שָׁתוֹת (here metaphor. for nobles); fig. of servant of י׳ Is 53:5; made humble, contrite Je 44:10.

Hithp. Impf. יִדַּכְּאוּ Jb 5:4, יִדַּכָּ֑אוּ Jb 34:25;—must let themselves be crushed, i.e. maltreated Jb 5:4 (in court בשׁער, cf. Pi. Pr 22:22); are crushed Jb 34:25 (the mighty, by God).

† I. דַּכָּא adj. contrite (crushed)—דַּכָּא Is 57:15; דַּכְּאֵי ψ 34:19—contrite Is 57:15 (‖ שְׁפַל־רוּהַ); ד׳ רוּחַ ψ 34:19 (‖ נִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב).

† II. דַּכָּא n.[m.] dust (as pulverized), תָּשֵׁב אֱנוֹשׁ עַד־דַּכָּא ψ 90:3 (on form cf. Ba^{NB 143}).

† [דָּכָה] vb. crush (only ψ);—

Qal ודכה (יָשֹׁחַ) ψ 10:10 Kt is read as Qal Pf. וְדָכָה consec. by RobGes Ol De al., i.e. and he is crushed, or and he croucheth (Qr יִדְכֶּה Impf. so AV RV he croucheth); others read וְדָכֶה יָשֹׁחַ (adj. intrans. or passive) and crushed he sinketh down, cf. VB Che; possible wd. be יִדָּכֶה Niph. (‖ יָשֹׁחַ and ונפל).

Niph. Pf. וְנִדְכֵּ֫יתִי ψ 38:9; Pt. נִדְכֶּה ψ 51:19;—be crushed, broken, of physical distress ψ 38:9 (‖ נְפוּגֹתִי); be contrite (לֵב נִדְכֶּה) ψ 51:19 (‖ נִשְׁבָּר).

Pi. Pf. דִכִּיתָ ψ 51:10; sf. דִּכִּיתָנוּ ψ 44:20; crush down, of divine wrath; c. acc. ψ 44:20, and crush to pieces, obj. ref. to עצמות, in metaph. ψ 51:10.—דָּכוּ֨ Nu 11:8 v. דוך.

† [דֳּכִי] n.[m.] (crushing), pounding of waves, sf. ישׂאו נהרות דָּכְיָם ψ 93:3 of ocean.

דכך (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic دَكَّ Aramaic דְּכַךְ, NH in deriv.; v. also דכא, דכה)

† דַּךְ adj. crushed, oppressed—דַּךְ 74:21, דָּ֑ךְ ψ 9:10; 10:18; pl. sf. דַּכָּ֑ו Pr 26:28 (Baer; edd. al. דַּכָּיו)—poet.; always fig., oppressed, distressed ψ 9:10, 10:18 (‖ יתום) 74:21 (‖ עָנִי and אביון); Pr 26:28 דַּכָּו = those crushed by it (a lying tongue).

† דַּכָּה n.f. crushing, פְּצוּעַ־דַּכָּה Dt 23:2 one wounded by crushing (viz. of testicles).

דָּל, דַּל n. door, v. sub דלה.

דַּל adj. v. sub דלל.

† [דָּלַג] vb. leap (NH spring over, skip (a verse), omit)—

Qal Pt. דּוֹלֵג Zp 1:9 leap, c. art. one leaping על־הַמִּפְתָּן; 𝔊 1 S 5:5 ὑπερβαίνοντες ὑπερβαίνουσιν = דָּלֹג יִדְלֹ֑גוּ cf. Dr.

Pi. Impf. יְדַלֵּג Is 35:6; אֲדַלֶּג־ ψ 18:30 = 2 S 22:30; Pt. מְדַלֵּג Ct 2:8;—leap, leap over c. acc. שׁוּר ψ 18:30 = 2 S 22:30; abs. leap as the stag, יְד׳ כָּאַיָּל פִּסֵּחַ Is 35:6; sq. על of locality Ct 2:8 (‖ מְקַפֵּץ).

† דָּלָה vb. draw (water) (NH id., Aramaic דְּלָא, ܕܠܴܐ Arabic دَلَا pull up bucket; ii, iv let down; v hang down; cf. دَلْوٌ bucket; Ethiopic ደለወ weigh; Assyrian dalû, draw water, cf. Dl^{§ 108} C Adler^{PAOS Oct. 1888, xcix.}; also dilûtu, bucket, Id^ib., dalâni COT^Gloss.)—

Qal Pf. דָּלָה Ex 2:19; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִדְלֶ֑נָּה Pr 20:5; 3 f. pl. וַתִּדְלֶנָה Ex 2:16; Inf. abs. דָּלֹה Ex 2:19;—draw (water, but no obj. expr.) Ex 2:16, 19^(×2); fig. of drawing counsel (עֵצָה) out of heart, c. acc. (sf.) Pr 20:5.—דַּלְיוּ Pr 26:7 is difficult; read perhaps 3 m. pl. דָּלָיוּ intrans., a lame man’s legs hang down (helpless) so Ew Sta^{§ 413 a}; other views in De Now.

Pi. Pf. 2 ms. sf. דִּלִּיתָ֑נִי ψ 30:2 fig. (cf. Pa. in Syriac) subj. י׳ thou hast drawn me up (out of She^e’ôl cf. v 4).

† [דָּל] n.[m.] door (Ph. דל) only fig. cstr. דַּל שְׂפָתָ֑י ψ 141:3.

† [דָּלָה] n.f. door, only Qr דְּלָֽתְךָ (Kt דלתיך) Is 26:20 fig., door of chamber in which people (personified) hide (cf. also דֶּלֶת du.).

† דְּלִי n.[m.] bucket, כְּמַר מִדְּלִי like a drop (hanging) from a bucket Is 40:15; du. sf. יִזַּל־מַיִם מִדָּֽלְיָו Nu 24:7 cf. Di (on form dolyāw cf. Ew^{§ 180 a & Anm. 3}, also Sta^{§ 52 a}); fig. of Israel’s prosperity.

† [דָּלִיּוֹת] pl. of [דָּלִית] n.f. branch, bough, metaph. of Israel under figure of olive tree דָּֽלִיּוֹתָיו Je 11:16 Ez 17:6, 7 (figure of vine); v 23 (under figure of cedar); 31:7, 9, 12 of Asshur as a cedar, דָּלִיֹּתָיו Ez 19:11 Isr. as a vine (cf. Löw⁶⁵).

† דֶּ֫לֶת n.f. (? m. Ne 13:19) door (NH id.; Assyrian daltu(m) Strm^{AV 1843} Schr^{COT Gloss.}; Ph. pl. דלהת CIS^{i, 7, 3};—according to Ba^{ZMG 1887, 607} from √ ידל, Assyrian edilu, to bolt, bar)—דֶּלֶת (always abs., and c. art. except Ct 8:9 + Ez 41:24 but here Co art.) Gn 19:10 + 18 times; דָּ֑לֶת Gn 19:9 Ju 19:22; sf. דַּלְתּוֹ 2 K 12:10; Du דְּלָתַיִם (cf. Ges^{§ 93 n}) Dt 3:5 + 9 times, דְּלָתָ֑יִם Jb 38:10; cstr. דַּלְתֵי Jos 2:19 + 6 times + Ez 26:2 Co; sf. דְּלָתַי Jb 31:32, דְּלָתֶיךָ Zc 11:1 + Is 26:20 Kt (cf. דָּלָה n.f.), דְּלָתֶיהָ Jos 6:26 1 K 16:34; pl. דְּלָתוֹת Je 36:23 + 10 times; cstr. דַּלְתוֹת Ju 3:23 + 19 times + Ez 26:2 (Co דלתי); sf. דַּלְתֹתַי Pr 8:34, דַּלְתוֹתָיו 2 Ch 3:7; 4:22; דַּלְתֹתָיו Ne 3:1, 3, 6, 13, 14, 15; דַּלְתוֹתֵיהֶם 2 Ch 4:9;

1. door of house (disting. from door-way, cf. 1 K 6:31 פֶּתַח Gn 19:6) Gn 19:9, 10 Ex 21:6 (all JE) Dt 15:17 Jos 2:19 (JE) Ju 11:31; 19:22, 27 1 S 21:14 (דלתות השׁער) 2 K 4:4, 5; 6:32^(×2) Is 57:8 Jb 31:32; so fig. of wisdom’s house Pr 8:34 לִשְׁקֹד עַל־דַּלְתֹתַי; partic. doors of house of י׳ 1 S 3:15 (הֵיכַל י׳ v 3); temple 1 K 6:34^(×3); 7:50 2 K 18:16 1 Ch 22:3 2 Ch 3:7; 4:22; 28:24; 29:3 Ne 6:10 Mal 1:10; so of Ezek.’s temple, Ez 41:23, 24^(×5), 25.

2. door of room Ju 3:23, 24, 25 2 S 13:17, 18 2 K 4:33; 9:3, 10, especially doors of דביר or ק׳ קדשׁים 1 K 6:31, 32; 7:50 2 Ch 4:22 cf. also Ez 41:23; also of court עֲזָרָה 2 Ch 4:9^(×2), and of porch אוּלָם 2 Ch 29:7.

3. gates of city Dt 3:5 Jos 6:26 (cf. 1 K 16:34) Ju 16:3 1 S 23:7 2 Ch 8:5; 14:6 Ne 3:1, 6, 13, 14, 15; 6:1; 7:1 (ד׳ then generally distinct from שׁער, wh. denotes the whole structure of gate, incl. posts, open space, etc., while ד׳ is swinging door), 7:3; 13:19 (where also sense narrower than ‖ שׁער) Is 45:1 (‖ שׁערים) cf. v 2 and ψ 107:16; Je 49:31 Ez 38:11.

4. in other senses (mostly fig.): door (prob. lid) of chest 2 K 12:10; aperture of womb Jb 3:10 (ד׳ בטני); jaws of crocodile Jb 41:6 (ד׳ פניו); lips of man Ec 12:4; doors enclosing and shutting off sea Jb 38:8, 10; doors of heaven through wh. comes rain ψ 78:23 (cf. אֲרֻבֹּת השׁ׳ Gn 7:11); of column of Ms.. (from shape) Je 36:23; fig. of easily accessible woman, Ct 8:9; in simile Pr 26:14; of Jerus. as gate of people Ez 26:2; of Lebanon Zc 11:1.

† דְּלָיָ֫הוּ, דְּלָיָה n.pr.m. (Yah(u) hath drawn)—

1. דְּלָיָהוּ, a. a priest, contemp. David, 1 Ch 24:18. b. a prince of Judah, contemp. Jerem Je 36:12, 25.

2. דְּלָיָה, a. head of a family contemp. with Zerubb. Ezr 2:60 = Ne 7:62. b. descendant of Zerubb. 1 Ch 3:24. c. father of contemp. of Neh. 6:10.

† דָּלַח vb. make turbid (Assyrian dalâḫu, disturb, Zim^{BP 81} also in deriv.; Pal. 𝔗 דְּלַח fig. be anxious, fear, ܕܠܰܚ turbavit, conturbavit)—

Qal Impf. 2 ms., וַתִּדְלַח Ez 32:2; 3 fs. sf. תִּדְלָחֵם Ez 32:13 + v 13 (Co תרפשׂם);—stir up, trouble, make turbid (always with feet) sq. מים Ez 32:2 (‖ תִּרְפֹּס,—ס Baer, and not שׂ); so 32:13a, b (but v 13b Co reads תרפשׂ (cf. v 2) for תדלחם).

† [דָּלַל] vb. hang, be low, languish (NH Hiph. thin, thin out vines, etc.; Assyrian dalâlu, be weak, humble Zim^{BP 74.97}; Arabic دَلَّ idirect, guide, دُلَّ be directed, guided; دَلْدَلَ put in motion, commotion; تَدَلْدَلَ be in motion, hang, dangle; also دَلٌّ amorous, coquettish, gesture or behaviour of women)—

Qal Pf. דַּלֹּתִי ψ 116:6, דַּלּוֹתִי 142:7; 1 pl. דַּלּוֹנוּ ψ 79:8, דָּֽלֲלוּ, Is 19:6, דַּלּוּ Is 38:14 Jb 28:4 (on דַּלְיוּ Pr 26:7 cf. דָּלָה);—hang, ‘depend,’ Jb 28:4 (of one descending a miner’s shaft ‖ נָעוּ); be low, of streams Is 19:6 (‖ דָֽרְבוּ); be low, brought low, metaph. of distress ψ 79:8; 116:6; 142:7; languish, of eyes, look languishingly (Che) Is 38:14.—

Niph. Impf. יִדַּל Is 17:4, וַיִּדַּל Ju 6:6,—be brought low, laid low Ju 6:6 fig. of Israel; Is 17:4 of glory of Jacob.

† דַּל adj. low, weak, poor, thin (especially common in Wisd. lit. and poet.)—דַּל Lv 14:21 + 8 times, דָּל֑ Ex 23:3 + 17 times + דָּל֥ ψ 82:3; דַּלִּים Am 2:7 + 17 times; דַּלּוֹת Gn 41:19;—weak, thin, of kine Gn 41:19 (E); of Amnon 2 S 13:4; weak, of family of Saul 2 S 3:1 (opp. חָזֵק) cf. Ju 6:15; reduced, poor (opp. rich) Lv 14:21 (P) Ru 3:10 (opp. עָשִׁיר) Je 5:4 (opp. to הגדולים, v 5) Pr 28:15 Zp 3:12 (עַם עָנִי וָדָל֑); mostly subst., a poor (man), the poor Ex 23:3 (JE); opp. to עָשִׁיר Ex 30:15 (P) Pr 10:15; 22:16; 28:11; opp. הוֹן Pr 19:4; ‖ אביון 1 S 2:8 Jb 5:16 ψ 72:13; 82:4; 113:7 Pr 14:31 Is 14:30; 25:4 Am 4:1; 8:6; cf. also Jb 20:10, 19 Pr 22:9 Je 39:10; reduced, weak, helpless (‖ עני) Jb 34:28 ψ 82:3 (‖ also יתום), Pr 22:22 Is 10:2; 11:4; 26:6 Am 2:7; ‖ אלמנה Jb 31:16; opp. שׁוֹעַ Jb 34:19;—cf. also ψ 41:2 Pr 19:17; 21:13; 28:3, 8; 29:7, 14.

† I. דַּלָּה n.f. coll., hair, thrum (both from hanging down)—דַּלָּה Is 38:12; cstr. דַּלַּת Ct 7:6;—hair, ד׳ ראשׁך Ct 7:6; thrum (threads of warp hanging in loom) in sim. of premature death מִדַּלָּה יְבַצְּעֵנִי Is 38:12.

† II. [דַּלָּה] n.f. the poor—cstr. דַּלַּת Je 40:7 + 2 times; pl. דַּלּוֹת Je 52:15, 16;—the poor (coll., weak, helpless ones) Je 40:7 2 K 24:14; 25:12 (in ‖ Je 52:16, as also v 15, MT has strangely the pl.)

† דְּלִילָה n.pr.f. Delila, Philistine woman, mistress of Samson Ju 16:4, 6, 10, 12, 13, 18.

† דִּלְעָן n.pr.loc. a city of Judah, Jos 15:38.

† [דָּלַף] vb. drop, drip (WisdLt.) (NH id. (זלף more common), דֶּלֶף trough, etc., Aramaic דְּלַף, ܕܠܰܦ, drip)—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ דָּֽלְפָה עֵינִי Jb 16:20 i.e. weeps (drops in tears); דָּֽלְפָה נַפְשִׁי מִתּוּגָה ψ 119:28 i.e. weeps (Itself away Che cf. De); Impf. בְּשִׁפְלוּת יָדַיִם יִדְלֹף הַבָּֽיִת׃ Ec 10:18 the house drips, i.e. leaks, because cracks are not mended.

† דֶּ֫לֶף n.m. a dropping (of rain, cf. Wetzst^{ZPV xiv. 1891, 5}), fig. דֶּלֶף טֹרֵד מִדְיְנֵי אִשָּׁה Pr 19:13 etc.; ד׳ טוֹרֵד בְּיוֹם סַגְרִ֑יר וְאֵשֶׁת מִדְוָ֯נִים נִשְׁתָּֽוָה׃ Pr 27:15.

† דַּלְפוֹן n.pr.m. a son of Haman, Est 9:7.

† [דָּלַק] vb. burn (intrans.), hotly pursue (NH id. Aramaic דְּלַק, ܕܠܰܩ all intrans. burn, kindle; Hiph., Aph. transitive)—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. דָּלַקְתָּ Gn 31:36; 3 mpl. וְדָֽלְקוּ consec. Ob 18; sf. דְּלָקֻנוּ La 4:19; Impf. יִדְלַק ψ 10:2; Inf. cstr. דְּלֹק 1 S 17:53; Pt. act. pl. דֹּלְקִים Pr 26:23;— 1. burn, וְדָֽלְקוּ בָהֶם Ob 18 (fig. of Isr. ravaging among Edomites, ‖ וַאֲכָלוּם; on construction c. בְּ cf. 2 K 17:25); also in חִצָּיו לְדֹלְקִים יִפְעָ֑ל ψ 7:14 his arrows he maketh burning ones (subj. God) RV De Che al.; & שְׂפָתַיִם דֹּלְקִים Pr 26:23 burning (fervent) lips (opp. לֵב רָ֑ע). 2. hotly pursue Gn 31:36 (E; sq. אַחֲרֵי 1 S 17:53 (sq. id.); ψ 10:2; La 4:19 (both sq. acc.)

Hiph. Impf. sf. יַדְלִיקֵם Is 5:11; Imv. הַדְלֵק Ez 24:10;—inflame, c. acc., subj. wine Is 5:11; kindle obj. הָאֵשׁ Ez 24:10.

† דַּלֶּ֫קֶת n.f. inflammation, Dt 28:22.

דֶּלֶת v. sub דלה.

† דָּם₃₆₀ n.m. Gn 9:6 blood (NH id. Arabic دَمٌ, Ethiopic ደም: Assyrian damu Nor ²³⁹ Zim^{BP 72, 76}; Aramaic דַּם, דְּמָא, ܕܶܡ, ܕܡܳܐ )—abs. ד׳ Gn 37:22 + 154 times; cstr. דַּם Gn 9:6 + 62 times; sf. דָּמִי 1 S 26:20 + 3 times; דָּֽמְךָ 2 S 1:16 (Qr; Kt דמיך) + 4 times; דָּמֵךְ Ez 16:22 + 3 times; דָּמוֹ Gn 9:4 + 30 times דָּמָהּ Lv 4:30^(×2) + 11 times; דִּמְכֶם Gn 9:5; דָּמָם Lv 16:27 + 11 times; pl. דָּמִים Ex 4:25 + 35 times; cstr. דְּמֵי Gn 4:10 + 18 times; sf. דָּמֶיךָ 2 S 1:16 Kt (Qr דָּֽמְךָ); דָּמַיִךְ Ez 16:6^(×3), 9; דָּמָיו Lv 20:9 + 3 times; דָּמֶיהָ Lv 12:7 + 2 times; דְּמֵיהֶם Lv 20:11 + 5 times;—

1. blood of man or animal, = the life (נֶפֶשׁ) Gn 9:4 (P) Dt 12:23; Lv 17:14^(×2) (H); cf. נֶפֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר בַּדָּם הִוא v 11 (H & דִּמְכֶם לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Gn 9:5 (P); see also ψ 72:14 וְיֵיקַר דָּמָם בְּעֵינָיו; hence blood of animals not to be eaten Lv 3:17; 7:26, 27 (all P) 17:10^(×2), 12^(×2), 14; 19:26 (all H) Dt 12:16, 23; 15:23; 1 S 14:32, 33, 34; Ez 33:25 (cf. RS^{K 310}), but to be poured out & covered with dust Lv 17:13 (cf. RS^{Sem i. 216 f.}).

2. usually blood become visible, a. as from a wound ד׳ הַמַּכָּה 1 K 22:35 (cf. חֲתַן דָּמִים Ex 4:25, 26 v. infr. h); licked by dogs 1 K 21:19^(×2); 22:38; Ex 32:6; from the nose Pr 30:33; bloody issue of a woman Lv 15:19 cf. v 25; pl. דְּמֵי טָֽהֳרָה 12:4, 5, & מְקֹר דָּמֶיהָ v 7 (all P) 20:18 (H); blood in which child welters Ez 16:6^(×2), 22 + v 6 (del. A B 𝔖 Co al.); of goat Gn 37:31 (JE); of slain bird Lv 14:6, 51, 52. b. often obj. of שָׁפַךְ spill, shed Gn 9:6 (P); 37:22 (E); Nu 35:33 (P); Lv 17:4 (H); Dt 21:7; 1 S 25:31; 1 K 18:28; 2 K 21:16; 24:4; 1 Ch 22:8; Ez 16:38; 22:4, 6, 9, 12, 27; 23:45; 33:25; 36:18 (del. B Co) Pr 1:16; also ψ 79:3 שָֽׁפְכוּ דָמָם כַּמַּיִם; שֹׁפֵךְ דָּם a blood-shedder Ez 18:10; עִיר שֹׁפֶכֶת דָּם Ez 22:3 cf. v 4 (also 1 K 2:31; Je 22:3, 17; 1 Ch 22:8; 28:3; Pr 6:17; La 4:13); less often subj. of pass. שָׁפוּךְ, נִשְׁפָּךְ, etc. Gn 9:6; Nu 35:33 (both P); Dt 19:10; Zp 1:17; ψ 79:10. c. דַּם חָלָל Dt 32:42 (song) blood of slain; ד׳ חֲלָלִים 2 S 1:22 so Nu 23:24 (JE), obj. of שָׁתָה, of Isr. under fig. of lion; cf. also Ez 39:17, 18, 19, & 2 S 23:27 = 1 Ch 11:19 (דַּם הָאֲנָשִׁים hyperbol. for imperilled life); as food of young eagles Jb 39:30. d. often of innocent blood, i.e. blood shed with injustice & cruelty, דָּם נָקִי Dt 21:8, 9; 1 S 19:5; 2 K 21:16; 24:4 ψ 94:21; 106:38 cf. v 38 Pr 6:17; Is 59:7; Je 7:6; 22:3 (also 26:15); דָּם נָקִיא Jo 4:19; Jon 1:14; also in cstr. דַּם נָקִי Dt 19:10; cf. 27:25 לְהַכּוֹת נֶפֶשׁ ד׳ נ׳; דַּם הַנָּקִי Dt 19:13; Je 22:17; 2 K 24:4; דַּם נְקִיִּים Je 19:4; דַּם נַפְשׁוֹת אֶבְיוֹנִים נְקִיִּים Je 2:34; further דַּם צַדִּיקִים La 4:13; דְּמֵי חִנָּם 1 K 2:31; in ψ 30:10 דָּמִי = my death (‖ רִדְתִּי אֶל־שַׁחַת e. avenger of blood גֹּאֵל הַדָּם Nu 35:19, 21, 24, 25, 27^(×2) (all P); Dt 19:6, 12; Jos 20:3, 5, 9; 2 S 14:11. f. pl. דָּמִים of abundance, blood in quantity, hence sometimes of blood shed by rude violence, and of blood-stains;—Gn 4:10, 11 (J) as crying from the ground for vengeance (cf. RS^{Sem i. 397}), comp. also 2 S 3:28; 16:8; 2 K 9:26^(×2); Is 1:15; 9:4; 26:21; Ez 16:6^(×3), 9, 36 (on text of v 6 vid. supr.) Zc 9:7; 2 Ch 24:25; דְּמֵי אָדָם Hb 2:8, 17, and in other connexions; but interchangeably with sg. 2 S 3:27; 20:12; 2 K 9:33; Is 34:3, 6,^(×2), 7; Ez 21:37; 22:13 (pl. Co) 24:8^(×2) al.; v. especially אֶרֶץ אַל־תְּכַסִּי דָמִי Jb 16:18; דְּמֵי ירושׁלם blood-stains of Jerusalem Is 4:4; = slaughter, sg. Gn 37:26 (J); Je 48:10; Ez 5:17; 28:23 (‖ דֶּבֶר) 38:22 (‖ id.); דַּם־עֲבָדָיו Dt 32:43 (song: cf. ψ 79:10); pl. דְּמֵי עֲבָדַי 2 K 9:7^(×2); דְּמֵי יִזְרְעֶאל Ho 1:4 bloodshed at Jezreel; cf. דָּמִים בְּדָמִים נָנָ֑עוּ Ho 4:2; דְּמֵי מִלְחָמָה 1 K 2:5^(×2); in Ez 9:9 וַתִּמָּלֵא הָאָרֶץ חָמָם (Bear) read דָּמִים for חָמָס v. d. H Vrss Co Comm.; אָרַב לְדָם lie in wait for blood Pr 1:11 cf. v 18; 12:6; Mi 7:2; דָּמִים of a plan of murder Is 33:15 (obj. of שׁמע); מִשְׁפַּט דָּמִים Ez 7:23 bloody crime; as symbol of oppression, violence Mi 3:10 (‖ עַוְלָה), Hb 2:12 (‖ id.) g. דָּמִים = guilt of bloodshed, blood-guiltiness Ex 22:1, then more generally, mortal sin (RS^{OTJC 417, 2nd ed. 441}, cf. Ez 18:13) ψ 51:16 (cf. Ho 12:15); also בּוֹא בְדָמִים 1 S 25:26, 33. h. pl. also in phrases: חֲתַן דָּמִים bloody bridegroom Ex 4:25, 26; also those denoting character, chiefly poet., אִישׁ הַדָּמִים bloody man (sanguinary) 2 S 16:8 ψ 5:7 אִישׁ הַדָּמִים 2 S 16:7; אַנְשֵׁי דָּמִים, ψ 26:9; 55:24; 59:3; 139:19; Pr 29:10; ואל־בֵּית הַדָּמִים bloody house 2 S 21:1 but read with 𝔊 We Dr ואל בֵּיתֹה דמים, & on his house is blood; עִיר דָּמִים Na 3:1; עִיר הַדָּמִים Ez 22:2; 24:6 + v 9 (del. B Co). i. דָּמָיו בּוֹ his blood is in (upon) him, he is responsible for his own death Lv 20:9 cf. v 11, 12, 13, 16, 27 (all H), Ez 18:13 (+ יִהְיֶה); דָּמוֹ בּוֹ Ez 33:5; דָּמוֹ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ Jos 2:19^(×2); so with שָׁבוּ 1 K 2:33 יִהְיֶה v 37; Ez 33:4; דָּֽמְי֯ךָ עַל רֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ 2 S 1:16, and הֵשִׁיב י׳ אֶת־דָּמוֹ עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ 1 K 2:32; also לֹא תָשִׂים דָּמִים בְּבֵיתְךָ Dt 22:8; and דָּמָם לָשׁוּם עַל אֲבִימֶלֶךְ Ju 9:24; (אל) נָתַן דָּם על Je 26:15; Jon 1:14; וְהָיָה עָלֶיךָ דָּמִים Dt 19:10, v 2 S 21:1 supr.; also sg. Ez 22:4 בְּדָמֵךְ אָשַׁמְתְּ, and as subj. of יֵחָשֵׁב לְ shall be imputed to Lv 17:4 (H); אֵין לוֹ דָמִים Ex 22:1 cf. v 2 (both JE) & (sg.) Nu 35:27 (P) j. of judicial process in case of bloodshed דָּבָר לַמִּשְׁפָּט בֵּין־דָּם לְדָם Dt 17:8 cf. 2 Ch 19:10; לֹא תַּעֲמֹד עַל־דַּם רֵעֶ֑ךָ Lv 19:16 (H). k. in phrase require blood at the hand of, exact vengeance (for it) from, דָּרַשׁ דָּמוֹ מִיַד Ez 33:6; Gn 9:5; דָּמוֹ נִדְרָשׁ Gn 42:22 (E); abs. דֹּרשׁ דמים ψ 9:13; אֲבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־דָּמוֹ מִיֶּדְכֶם 2 S 4:11 cf. Ez 3:18, 20; 33:8; פָּקַד ד׳ עַל־ Ho 1:4; וְנִקֵּיתִי ד׳ Jo 4:21; Ez 35:6^(×4); cf. on the other hand אַל־יִפֹּל דָּמִי אַרְצָה מִנֶּגֶד פְּנֵי י׳ 1 S 26:20 i.e. let it not be unavenged. l. of blood as defiling a land Nu 35:33 (P) cf. ψ 106:38 (pl. בדמים); עֲקֻבָּה מִדָּם Ho 6:8 of a city foot-printed (VB) with blood; defiling hands Is 1:15; 59:3; La 4:14 cf. Ez 23:37, 45; further, of blood as oppressing one who has shed it עָשֻׁק בְּדַם נֶפֶשׁ Pr 28:17. m. atonement for blood-guilt is expressed by וְנִכַּפֵּר לָהֶם הַדָּם Dt 21:8 (on form of vb. cf. Ges^{§ 55.9} & Di). n. blood (-shedding) as connected with divine wrath וְשָׁפַכְתִּ֫י חֲמָתִי עָלֶיהָ בְּדָם Ez 14:19; דַּם חֵמָה וְקִנְאָה Ez 16:38; v. further אַשְׁכִּיר חִצַּי מִדָּם Dt 32:42, cf. Je 46:10; cf. also of human vengeance by divine help יִרְחַץ בְּדַם הָרָשָׁע ψ 58:11; תִּמֲחַץ רַגְלְךָ בְּדָם 68:24; note further Is 49:26; Ez 39:19 (in both fig. of being drunk with blood); then of simple human vengeance וְהוֹרַדְתָּ֫ אֶת־שֵׂיבָתוֹ בְּדָם שְׁאוֹל 1 K 2:9. o. of water turned into blood (sg.) in Egypt, by divine power Ex 4:9 (J); 7:17, 20 (JE); v 19^(×2), 21 (P) ψ 78:44; 105:29; cf. Is. 15:9 & Ez 32:6; further, of appearance of blood in sky Jo 3:3, & of colour of moon v 4; specifically of red colour of water אֲדֻמִּים כַּדָּם 2 K 3:22; cf. v 23.

3. blood used with religious significance, a. blood of passover-lamb Ex 12:7, 13^(×2) (all P) v 22^(×2), 23 (all JE); note also דַּם הַבְּרִית i.e. blood by which a covenant was ratified Ex 24:8 (JE) Zc 9:11. b. blood used in ritual, Lv 17:11 הַדָּם הוּא בַּנֶּפֶשׁ יְכַפֵּר (H); cf. 2 Ch 29:24; also Ez 44:7, 15 (both ‖ חֵלֶב); further Lv 1:5; Is 1:11 ψ 50:13; thrown on altar, vb. זָרַק usually c. עַל Ex 24:6 (JE); 29:16, 20; Lv 1:5, 11; 3:2, 8, 13; 7:2, 14; 8:19, 24; 9:12, 18 (all P); 17:6 (H); Nu 18:17 (P) Ez 43:18; 2 K 16:13, 15^(×2) 2 Ch 29:22^(×3) cf. 30:16; sprinkled, vb. הִזָּה Lv 5:9; 16:19 (both P); sprinkled toward tent of meeting (vb. הִזָּה) Nu 19:4^(×2) (P); brought into tent of meeting Lv 4:5, 16; 6:23; cf. 10:18 (all P); sprinkled toward the holy of holies (vb. הִזָּה) Lv 4:6^(×2), 17; 16:14^(×2) (all P); brought within the veil on day of atonement Lv 16:15^(×3) (cf. v 14) v 27 (all P); thrown on people Ex 24:8 (JE; זָרַק); sprinkled on priests (הִזָּה) Ex 29:21; Lv 8:30 (both P); on garment (in sanctuary, הִזָּה) Lv 6:20 (P); applied with finger to horns of altar Ex 29:12; Lv 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34; 8:15; 9:9^(×3); 16:18^(×2) (all P; cf. also Ez 45:19) Ez 43:20; applied to tip of right ear of priest Ex 29:20; Lv 8:23, 24 (all P; also Lv 14:14, 25 P); poured out at base of altar (שָׁפַךְ אֶל־) Ex 29:12; Lv 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34 (all P); cf. with מָצָה (Niph.) Lv 1:15; 5:9; with יָצַק 8:15 (all P); half of blood put in basons Ex 24:6 (JE); blood poured out on altar Dt 12:27^(×2); blood of red heifer burned Nu 19:5 (P); vid. further such terms as דַּם זִבְחִי Ex 23:18; 34:25 (both JE) (cf. Dt 12:27; 2 K 16:15); דַּם הַשְּׁלָמִים Lv 7:33 (P; cf. v 14); דַּם חַטָּאת הַכִּפֻּרִים Ex 30:10 (P) cf. Ez 45:19; דּם הָאָשָׁם Lv 14:14, 17, 25, 28; (v זֶבַח, שֶׁלֶם, חַטָּאת, אָשָׁם); דַּם־חֲזִיר, swine’s blood, as heathen offering Is 66:3; cf. נִסְכֵּיהֶם מִדָּם ψ 16:4 (v. Che).

4. fig. of wine דַּם־עֲנָבִים Gn 49:11 (blessing of Jacob ‖ יַיִן); cf. Dt 32:14 (song) דַּם עֵנָב תִּשְׁתֶּה־הָ֑מֶר—בְּדָֽמְךָ Ez 19:10 prob. text. error cf. VB; Da proposes בְּרוּמָהּ in her height.

† I דָּמָה vb. be like, resemble (NH id., Aramaic דְּמֵי, דְּמָא, ܕܡܳܐ cf. דמין, ܕܡܰܝܳܐ price, Nab. דמי id. (Nö in Eut^Nab.^{Inscr. p. 35}); also ܕܡܽܘܬܳܐ, and ܕܽܘܡܝܳܐ likeness (whence Arabic دُمْيَةٌ image, effigy, as loan-wd. Frä²⁷²) cf. דְּמוּת)—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. ד׳ Ez 31:8 ψ 144:4; 3 fs. דָּֽמְתָה Ct 7:8; 2 ms. דָּמִיתָ Ez 31:2, 18; 1 s. דָּמִיתִי ψ 102:7; 3 pl. דָּמוּ Ez 31:8; 1 pl. דָּמִינוּ Is 1:9; Impf. 3 ms. יִדְמֶה ψ 89:7; 1 pl. וְנִדְמֶה consec. Is 46:5; Imv. ms. דְּמֵה Ct 2:17; 8:14; Pt. דּוֹמֶה Ct 2:9;—be like, resemble, of external appearance, sq. לְ, Ct 7:8; 2:9, 17; 8:14; sq. אֶל־ Ez 31:8^(×2), 18 (all of tree, fig. of Pharaoh); of condition or quality sq. לְ Is 1:9 ψ 102:7; 144:4; so מִי … יִדְמֶה ליהוה ψ 89:7; also abs. Is 46:5; sq. אֶל Ez 31:2.

Pi. Pf. דִּמָּה 2 S 21:5, דִּמִּיתָ ψ 50:21; דִּמִּיתִי Nu 33:56, Is 14:24; sf. דִּמִּיתִיךָ Ct 1:9, דִּמּוּ 2 S 21:5; Impf. יְדַמֶּה Is 10:7; 2 fs. תְּדַמִּי Est 4:13 (juss.); אֲדַמֶּה La 2:13; Ho 12:11; 2 mpl. תְּדַמְּיוּן Is 40:18; sf. תְּדַמְּיוּנִי Is 40:25; 46:5;—liken, compare; imagine, think, devise;— 1. liken, i.e. consider to be like, compare, causat. of Qal, sq. לְ of external appearance Ct 1:9; of quality or condition Is 46:5 (obj. י׳) La 2:13; sq. אֶל of external a appearance Is 40:18, 25 (both obj. God in ref. to idols); abs. use comparisons or similitudes (parables, symbols, etc.) Ho 12:11 (subj. י׳). 2. imagine, form an idea, devise 2 S 21:5 (on context cf. Dr); think, intend, sq. Inf. Nu 33:56 (J or H); Ju 20:5; Est 4:13; abs. Is 10:7; cf. 14:24; think that, sq. obj. cl. (Impf. without conj.) ψ 50:21; think of, sq. acc. ψ 48:10.

Hithp. make oneself or become like; Impf; אֶדַּמֶּה לְעֶלְיוֹן Is 14:14 I will make myself like the Most High (on form cf. Ges^{§ 54, 2}).

† דְּמוּת n.f. likeness, similitude (mostly late) (according to Lag^{BN 12, 147 ff.} mispunct. for דִּמְוַת from דִּמְוָה; according to We^{Prol. 413, Eng. Tr 389} an Aramaic loan-word, but v. Di Gn 5:1, Dr^{JPh. xi. 216} Che^OP. ⁴⁷⁴)—abs. ד׳ Is 40:18 + 3 times; cstr. ד׳ Gn 5:1 + 16 times; sf. דְּמוּתוֹ Gn 5:3; דְּמוּתֵנוּ 1:26;—

1. likeness, similitude, of external appearance, chiefly in Ezek.: Ez 1:5 (likeness, i.e. something that appeared like) so v 26; 8:2 דְּמוּת כְּמַרְאֵה (אֵשׁ) (cf. Co), 10:1 כְּמַרְאֵה ד׳ כִּסֵּא; cf. also Dn 10:16 כִּדְמוּת בְּנֵי אָדָם i.e. one like the sons of man; similitude, resemblance Ez 1:5, 10, 16, 22, 26; 10:10, 21, 22; דְּמוּת כְּמַרְאֵה אָדָם 1:26; מַרְאֵה ד׳ כְּבוֹד י׳ v 28; also 2 K 16:10 (pattern of altar), 2 Ch 4:3 (images of oxen); of son in likeness of father Gn 5:3 (P); so also of man in likeness of God Gn 1:26 (‖ צֶלֶם), 5:1 (both P); cf. Is 40:18 what ד׳ will ye compare to him (אֵל)? ‖ דִּמָּה q.v.

2. adverbially, in likeness of, like as Is 13:4 cf. Ez 23:15 & כִּד׳ ψ 58:5.—Ez 1:13 read וּבֵינוֹת v. בֵּין and J P Peters^{JBL 1892, 40.42}. On דְּמוּת אֶחָד Ez 1:16; 10:10 (apparently masc.) cf. Thes & Sm who trans. the likeness of one had they all four; Co reads אהת.

† [דִּמְיֹן] n.[m.] likeness, דִּמְיֹנוֹ כְּאַרְיֵה ψ 17:12 his likeness is as a lion, i. e. he is like a lion.

† II. [דָּמָה] vb. cease, cause to cease, cut off, destroy—

Qal Perf. 1 s. דָּמִיתִי Je 6:2, וְדָמִ֫יתִי consec. Ho 4:5; Impf. 3 fs. תִּדְמֶה La 3:49; 3 fpl. juss. תִּדְמֶינָה Je 14:17;— 1. intr. cease Je 14:17 (eyes from weeping) La 3:49 (id.) 2. cause to cease, cut off, destroy, c. acc. Israel (under fig. of בת־ציון) Je 6:2; (under fig. of אִמֶּ֑ךָ) Ho 4:5.

Niph. Pf. נִדְמָה Is 15:1, 1 +; 3 fs. נִדְמְתָה Je 47:5; 2 ms. נִדְמֵיתָה Ob 5, נִדְמֵיתָ Ez 32:2; 1 s. נִדְמֵיתִי Is 6:5; 3 pl. נִדְמוּ Ho 4:6 +; Inf. abs. נִדְמֹה Ho 10:15; Pt. נִדְמֶה Ho 10:7; be cut off, destroyed, ruined, of a city Is 15:1, 1 (‖ שֻׁדַּד) Je 47:5; of people Ho 4:6; Zp 1:11; Ob 5; of king Ho 10:7, 15^(×2) cf. Ez 32:2; of beasts ψ 49:13, 21; be ruined, undone, prophet at sight of Yahweh Is 6:5.

† דֳּמִי n.[m.] cessation, pause, quiet, rest; ד׳ Is 62:6 + 2 times; cstr. דְּמִי Is 38:10 (but v. infr.);—

1. quiet, in phr. אַל־ד׳ לָכֶם Is 62:6 keep not quiet (let there be no quiet to you); in prayer to God אַל־ד׳ לָךְ ψ 83:2 keep not quiet (inactive; ‖ חרשׂ, שׁקט); cf. וְאַל־תִּתְּנוּ ד׳ לוֹ Is 62:7 and give no rest to him (י׳).

2. in phr. בִּדְמִי יָמַי, Is 38:10 appar. quiet, peacefulness, even tenour, of my days (so De Or SS); others, as Hi Ew Che Di, pause, resting-time, i.e. noon-day (cf. 𝔖 𝔙, & height 𝔊), fig. of middle life, but usage dub.; Klo^{SK 1884, 157} cessation, pause, of natural end of life, Hezekiah’s natural expectation, in contrast with the speedy death implied in v b; but parallelism of v 11a is ag. this; Brd emends בְּרֻם after 𝔊; Klo^l.c. suggests בְּתֹם or כְּתֹם but preferably in the half, i.e. the midst of my days from דָּמָה aequavit (Dathe).

† I. [דָּמַם] vb. be or grow dumb, silent, still (NH id.; Ethiopic in ii. 1 አድመመ stupefy; iii., 1 & 2 ተደመ, ተደመመ be astounded, stupefied)—

Qal Pf. דָּ֑מּוּ ψ 35:15 Jb 30:27; Impf. יִדֹּם Am 5:13 + 2 times, וַיִּדֹּם Lv 10:3; Jos 10:13; 3 fs. תִּדֹּם La 2:18; 2 fs. תִּדֹּמִּי Je 48:2 (so Ki Ol & Kö³²⁷ q.v.; others Niph.); וָאֶדֹּם Jb 31:14; יִדְּמוּ Ex 15:16 + 3 times; 1 pl. cohort. נִדְּמָה Je 8:14 (Thes; or Niph.); imv. דּוֹם Jos 10:12 דֹּמּוּ ψ 4:5;— 1. be silent ψ 4:5; 30:13; 35:15 (prob., cf. De Che), Ez 24:17; Lv 10:3 (P); Am 5:13; in grief La 2:10; 3:28. 2. be still (opp. to both speech and motion) Jb 31:34; = perish Je 8:14; 48:2 ψ 31:18; (ד׳ לשׁאול); c. לְ be silent to i.e. be resigned to ψ 37:7; 62:6, sq. לְמוֹ עֲצָתִי Jb 29:21 (‖ לִי שָֽׁמְעוּ); be still, motionless, stand still Jos 10:12, 13 (of sun ‖ עמד); 1 S 14:9 (men); Je 47:6 (of sword ‖ הֵרָֽגְעִי); so also of bowels, as seat of mental excitement Jb 30:27; La 2:18 אַל־תִּדֹּם בַּת־עֵינֵךְ, i.e. cease not to weep (‖ הוֹרִידִי כַנַּחַל דִּמְעָה). 3. be struck dumb, astounded, in amazement and fear Ex 15:16 (כאבן) Is 23:2 (but cf. II. דמם).

Niph. Pf. 3 pl. וְנָדַמּוּ consec. Je 25:37; Impf. יִדַּמּוּ Je 49:26; 50:30, יִדָּ֑מּוּ 1 S 2:9; 2 mpl. תִּדַּמּוּ Je 51:6—be made silent, i.e. destroyed; the wicked 1 S 2:9 (בַּחשֶׁךְ), cf. Je 51:6; men of war Je 49:26; 50:30; dwellings Je 25:37.

Po. Pf. 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַ֫מְתִּי נַפְשִׁי ψ 131:2 ‘composed and quieted my soul’ Che (as a weaned child).

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הֲדִמָּנוּ he (God) hath silenced us (= caused to perish) Je 8:14.

† דְּמָמָה n.f. (silence) whisper (on format. cf. Ba^{NB 87})—וְאַחַר הָאֵשׁ קוֹל דְּמָמָה דַקָּ֑ה 1 K 19:12; דְּמָמָה וָקוֹל אֶשְׁמָ֑ע Jb 4:16 a whisper and a voice, i.e. an articulate whisper (cf. Di); יָקֵם סְעָרָה לִדְמָמָ֑ה ψ 107:29 he settleth storm into whisper.

† דֻּמָּה n.f. one silenced, brought to silence (?; destroyed?) מִי כְצוֹר כְּדֻמָּה בְּתוֹךְ הַיָּ֑ם Ez 27:32 (form pecul. & sense dub.: Baer כְּדֻמָה; Co כְּבֻדָּה from כָּבֹד adj., cf. 23:41 ψ 45:14) AV What city is like Tyre, like the destroyed (as though for מְדֻמָּה cf. ההללה 26:1; but Pi. Pu. not elsewhere) in the midst of the sea? RV like her that is brought to silence.—Dl^{Baer Ezech p. xi. & Pr 64} der., hesitantly, from II. דמם.

† II. [דָּמַם] vb. wail (? cf. Assyrian damâmu, groan, wail, lament, Dl^{Baer’s Ezech xi; Pr 64})—only

Qal Imv. דֹּ֫מּוּ ישְׁבֵי אִי Is 23:2 wail, ye coast dwellers (cf. Dl^l.c.), ‖ הֵילִילוּ v 1, & הֵילִילוּ ישְׁבֵי אִי v 6; most, however, assign this to I. דמם q.v. (3).

דמן (√ of foll., meaning dub.; Arabic دَمَنَ, prepare, improve, manure land, appar. denom.)

† דֹּ֫מֶן n.m. dung (Arabic دِمْنٌ ) always in this form and always of corpses, lying on ground as offal 2 K 9:37 Je 8:2; 9:21; 16:4; 25:33 ψ 83:11.

† דִּמְנָה n.pr.loc. Levitical city in Zebulun Jos 21:35 (but read perhaps רִמֹּנָה +; cf. 1 Ch 6:62; Jos 19:13, and v. Di).

† מַדְמֵן n.pr.loc. in Moab Je 48:2 (on text, however, cf. Che Is 25:10).

† I. מַדְמֵנָה n.f. dung-place, dung-pit, במי מ׳ Is 25:10 (Qr בְּמוֹ מ׳).

† II. מַדְמנָה n.pr.loc. in Benjamin, N. of Jeruslem Is 10:31.

† מַדְמַנָּה 1. n.pr.loc. city of southern Judah Jos 15:31; loc. dub., Onom. Μηδεβηνα = Μηνοεις near Gaza Lag^{Onom. 279, 2nd ed. 276}; cf. Minyay S. of Gaza Rob^{BR i. 602}; on other proposed identif. cf. Di

2. n.pr.m. descendant of Caleb 1 Ch 2:49.

† [דָּמַע] vb. weep (NH id., Arabic دَمَعَ & دَمِعَ Aramaic דְּמַע, ܕܡܰܥ: Assyrian in deriv., v. infr.),

Qal Impf. 3 fs., and Inf. abs., וְדָמֹעַ תִּדְמַע וְתֵרֵד עֵינִי דִּמְעָה Je 13:17.

† [דֶּ֫מַע] n.[m.] (weeping, trickling) juice, i.e. wine or (&) oil (cf. foll.) דִּמְעֲךָ Ex 22:28 (‖ מְלֵאָֽתְךָ), cf. Di; Arabic دَمْعَةٌ الكَرْمِ = wine.

† דִּמְעָה n.f. coll. tears (chiefly poet. and late; freq. in Je. and contemp.) (Arabic دَمْعٌ; Assyrian dimu, dimtu Hpt^{KAT2 Gloss i.} Zim^{BP 23, 95}; Aramaic דִּמְעָא, ܕܶܡܥܳܐ; NH דֶּמַע, דִּמְעָה)—abs. ד׳ ψ 80:6 + 10 times; cstr. דִּמְעַת Ec 4:1; sf. דִּמְעָתִי ψ 6:7; + 4 times; דִּמְעָתֶ֑ךָ 2 K 20:5 = Is 38:5 + Ez 24:16 (del. 𝔊 Co); דִּמְעָתָהּ La 1:2; pl. דְּמָעוֹת ψ 80:6 La 2:11—tears ψ 6:7 Ec 4:1; La 1:2; 2:11; especially in Je. in phrase תֵּרֵד עֵינִי ד׳ etc. Je 9:17; 13:17; 14:17, cf. La 2:18; Je 8:23 וְעֵינִי מְקוֹר ד׳; אֲרַיָּ֫וֶךְ דִּמְעָתִי of weeping over, in behalf of one Is 16:9; as appealing to God’s compassion 2 K 20:5 = Is 38:5 ψ 39:13; ψ 56:9 שִׂימָה ד׳ בְּנֹאדֶ֑ךָ (cf. Che) v. also ψ 116:8; Je 31:16; Is 25:8; opp. רִנָּה ψ 126:5; of hypocritical tears Mal 2:13; fig. tears as food ψ 42:4 (דִּמְעָתִי להם); לחם ד׳ 80:6; as drink 80:6, cf. Babyl. dimtu maštîtî, tears (were) my drink (Zim^{BP 42}; ‖ bikîtum kurmatî, weeping (was) my sustenance).—Ez 24:16 וְלֹא תָבוֹא דִּמְעָתֶ֑ךָ del. 𝔊 Co cf. v 23.

† דַּמֶּ֫שֶׂק n.pr.loc. Damascus (Assyrian Dimašḳi, Dimasḳi, Dl^{Pa 280} Schr^{COT Gn 15, 2 & ABK 323} Jäger ^{BAS ii. 281 f.}; Arabic دَمِشْقُ, دِمِشْقُ; Aramaic 𝔗 Onk, etc. דמשק, Ps-Jon דרמשק; ܕܰܪܡܣܘܽܩ )—דַּמֶּשֶׂק 1 K 11:24 + 28 times; דַּמָּ֑שֶׂק Gn 14:15 + 8 times; דַּרְמֶשֶׂק 1 Ch 18:5 + 3 times Ch; דַּרְמָ֑שֶׂק 2 Ch 24:23; 28:5, דּוּמֶּשֶׂק 2 K 16:10; דְּמֶשֶׁק Am 3:12 v. foll., Vrss. דַּמֶּשֶׂק;—ancient Aramaean city, situated lat. 33° 30ˊ N., long. 36° 15ˊ E., in plain E. of Hermon & SE. of Anti-Lebanon; on the Nahr Baradâ (Gk. Chrysorrhoas); mod. Dimishḳ & Esh-Sham, Rob^{BR iii. 440 ff.} Bd^{Pal 307}; Damascus Gn 14:15; Am 5:27; 1 K 11:24^(×2) 2 K 14:28; Ct 7:5; so also prob. Gn 15:2 (perhaps gloss cf. Di), (&Am 3:12 v. foll.); a trading-centre Ez 27:18; as capital & residence of king of Aram 1 K 15:18 = 2 Ch 16:2, cf. 1 K 20:34; 2 K 16:9, 10^(×2), 11^(×2), 12; 2 Ch 28:5; Is 7:8^(×2); 8:4; 10:9 (cf. Peters^{Hbr April 1885, 242}) 17:1^(×2), 3; Je 49:23, 24, 27; including also surrounding territory Ez 47:16, 17 cf. v 18; 48:1, v. מִדְבַּ֫רָה ד׳ 1 K 19:15; נַהֲרוֹת ד׳ 2 K 5:12; = kingdom Am 1:3, 5 cf. Zc 9:1; once (late) מֶלֶךְ ד׳ 2 Ch 24:23; note, also אֲרַם ד׳ 2 S 8:5, 6 = 1 Ch 18:5, 6; further אֱלֹהֵי ד׳ 2 Ch 28:23 (‖ אֱלֹהֵי מַלְכֵי אֲרָם).