צ

צ, ץ Ṣādê, eighteenth letter; used as numeral 90 in post Biblical Hebrew.

[צֵאָה], צֹאָה [צֹאִי]] v. צוא.

† צֶאֱלִים n.m.pl. a kind of lotus (Rhamnus (more exactly Zizyphus), Lotus [Linn.], thorny lotus (not sacred Nymphaea Lotus); Saad. ضَالٌ, cf. AW De Job 2, Syriac ܥܳܐܠܴܐ, v. Löw^{p. 275});—Jb 40:21, 22.

צאן (√ of foll.; Dl^{Pr; 87 f.}; ^HWB cp. Assyrian ṣênu, adj., good, docile; Thes (cf. Lag^{BN 136}) cp. יָצָא [as πρόβατον from προβαίνω]; Assyrian ṣênu = BH צֹאן, and so NH id., MI³¹ צאן; Arabic ضَأْنٌ id.; TelAm ṣunu is Canaanitish according to Zim ^{ZA vi (1891), 156}; Aramaic עָנָא, ܥܳܢܳܐ, and perhaps Palm. ענא).

צֹאן₂₇₃ n.coll.f. Gn 30:36 (poss. m. v 39a +, Kö^{Synt. § 247 g}, but dub., v 39b c. vb. fpl., as usually; in 1 S 15:14 join הַזֶּה with קוֹל; v. further Albr ^{ZAW xv (1895), 316 ff.}) small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks;—צ׳ abs. Gn 4:2 +, cstr. 29:9 +; sf. צֹאנוֹ 4:4 +; צֹאנֵנוּ Ex 10:9, צֹאונֵנוּ ψ 144:13; as pl. צֹאנֵינוּ Ne 10:37 van d. H. Gi (not Baer); s. [צֹנֶא] צֹנֶה p. 856, etc.;—

1. lit. a. small cattle, usually of sheep and goats in one flock (Rob^{BR i. 477}) Gn 30:31, 32 +; sheep specified also 21:28 (כִּבְשׂת הַצּ׳), 31:38 (אֵילֵי צ׳) +; sheep only 1 S 25:2 (+ עִזִּים); goats specified Gn 27:9; Je 50:8; צ׳ as yielding (1) animals for food Am 6:4 (כָּרִים), 1 S 14:32; 2 S 12:4; Ne 5:18 +; צ׳ מַאֲכָל ψ 44:12 (in sim.); (2) wool Gn 31:19 + (v. [גָּזַז], גֵּז); (3) milk, חֲלֵב צ׳ Dt 32:14 (? goats’ milk, cf. Pr 27:27); (4) sacrif. victims Gn 4:4 (J), Lv 1:2, 10; 3:6; Nu 15:3 (all P), 22:40 (E), Dt 12:6, 17, 21 + often; so צֹאן קָדָשִׁים Ez 36:38a, cf. בְּכוֹרֵי בְקָרֵינוּ וְצֹאנֵינוּ Ne 10:37; in gen. as property (often + בָּקָר, etc.) Gn 12:16; 13:5; 24:35 Jb 1:3; 42:12 + often (v. also ii. [עַשְׁתָּרוֹת]); gift Gn 20:14; 21:27; 38:17 (goat), Dt 15:14; 2 Ch 17:11; booty 1 S 15:9, 15 +. b. צ׳ sometimes of a definite number of animals (i.e. as pl. of שֶׂה, etc.): two Is 7:21, four Ex 21:37 (larger numbers v. 1 S 25:2, 5, 18; Nu 31:32, 36; Ne 5:18; Jb 1:3; 42:12 supr.).—Vid. also בֵּן 7 b; גְּדֵרָה, מִכְלָה, מַרְבֵּץ, נָוֶה, עֵדֶר; כֶּלֶב, רֹעֶה, שַׁעַר.

2. sim. of multitude Ez 36:37, 38, cf. ψ 107:41; of children Jb 21:11; of dead, with death as shepherd ψ 49:15; of (shepherdless) Isr. Nu 27:17; 1 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 18:16; Zc 10:2; 13:7, wandering in sin Is 53:6; of Isr. led by י׳ ψ 77:21; 78:52; 80:2, cf. Zc 9:16 (on text v. We Now); Ez 34:12; of Isr. in distress, כְּצ׳ טִבְחָה ψ 44:23, cf. (of wicked) צ׳ לְטִבְחָה Je 12:3; of scattered Bab. Is 13:14.

3. metaph. of multitude, צ׳ אָדָם Ez 36:38; of Isr. 2 S 24:17 = 1 Ch 21:17; Je 23:1, 2, 3; Ez 24:5, and especially sustained fig. 34:2, 3 + 17 times 34, also Zc 11:7, 17; צ׳ אֹבְדוֹת Je 50:6, צ׳ תִּפְאַרְתֵּךְ 13:20; of Isr. under י׳’s care, (-וֹ, י—ִ) צ׳ מַרְעִיתֶ֑ךָ ψ 74:1; 79:13; 100:3; Ez 34:31, also צ׳ יָדוֹ ψ 95:7 (‖ עַם־מַרְעִיתוֹ; read perhaps צ׳ מַרְעִיתוֹ, עַם יָדוֹ, so Che al.); צ׳ נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ Mi 7:14; also in combinations: אַדִּירֵי הַצּ׳ Je 25:34, 35, 36, צ׳ חַהֲרֵגָה Zc 11:4, 7 (cf. ψ 44:23), עֲנִיֵּי הַצּ׳ v 7, 11 (all of Isr.); of Edom צְעִירֵי הַצּ׳ Je 49:20; 50:45.

† צַאֲנָן n.pr.loc. Mi 1:11 Σεννααρ [ν], perhaps = צְנָן in the Shephelah of Judah Jos 15:37, Σεννα(μ).

[צֶאֱצָא] v. יצא.

I, II. צָב v. i, ii. צבב.

† [צָבָא] vb. wage war, serve (Sab. צֿבא wage war with, also n. army, campaign Hom^{Chrest. 125} CIS ^{iv. 299, 1. 2} DHM ^{VOJ i. 28}; Ethiopic ጸብአ: (> ፀብአ:) wage war; Assyrian ṣâbu, man, soldier; Nö^{ZMG xl (1886), 726} al. cp. (on account of Sab. Ethiopic ץֿ) Arabic ضَبَأَ conceal oneself, hence lie in wait; this is phonetically suitable, but better in meaning would be صَبَأَ go or come forth (against one), etc., so Thes Lag^{BN 21}; Frä²³² cp. صَبِىٌّ young man);—

Qal Pf. 3 mpl. צָֽבְאוּ Ex 38:8 Zc 14:12; Impf. 3 mpl. יִצְבְּאוּ Nu 31:7; Inf. cstr. לִצְבֹּא Is 31:4; לִצְבֹא Nu 4:23; 8:24; Pt. pl. צֹבְאִים Nu 31:42; Is 29:7, 8; sf. צֹבֶיהָ Is 29:7 (Ges^{§ 75 oo}; Di צָרֶיהָ); fpl. צֹבְאֹת Ex 38:8; צֹבְאוֹת 1 S 2:22;— 1. wage war, fight, c. עַל against, Nu 31:7 (P) Is 29:7, 8; 31:4; Zc 14:12, c. sf. Is 29:7 (?); abs. Nu 31:42 (P). 2. serve at sacred tent, Levites, c. acc. צָבָא Nu 4:23; 8:24 (P); women Ex 38:8^(×2) (P) 1 S 2:22.

Hiph. Pt. הַמַּצְבִּא אֶת־עַם וגו׳ 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25 muster.

צָבָא₄₈₅ n.m. 2 Ch 28:9 (poss. f. Is 40:2; Dn 8:12, but v. Albr ^{ZAW xv (1895), 319}; Bev ^Dn) army, war, warfare;—abs. צ׳ Nu 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zc 9:8 v. p. 663 a); cstr. צְבָא Nu 10:15 +; sf. צְבָאִי Jb 14:14; צְבָאֲךָ Ju 8:9; 9:29; צְבָאָיו ψ 103:21; 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read prob. in both), etc.; pl. צְבָאוֹת Nu 20:9 + 278 times; cstr. צִבְאוֹת Ex 12:41 + 2 times; sf. צִבְאֹתַי 7:4; צִבְאֹתָם 6:26 +, etc.;—

1. army, host: a. organized for war Ju 8:6; 9:29 (J) Is 34:2; Je 51:3; 2 Ch 28:9; צְבָאוֹ his host Nu 2:4, 6 + 10 times 2 (P), לְצִבְאֹתָם 1:3, 52; 2:3, 9 + 11 times 2, 10, 33:1 (P); אַלְפֵי הצ׳ 31:48 (P); צ׳ ישׂראל 2 Ch 25:7; חֵיל (ה)צ׳ 1 Ch 20:1; 2 Ch 26:13; גְּדוּדֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 7:4; כל־הצבא 2 S 3:23; 10:7; 1 Ch 19:8; 2 Ch 26:14; שַׂר (ה)צ׳ captain of (the) host Gn 21:22, 32 (E) 26:26 (J) Ju 4:2, 7; 1 S 12:9 + 21 times; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבא 1 K 1:25 (but read שַׂר), 1 Ch 25:1; 26:26; 2 Ch 33:11; שָׂרִים בצ׳ 1 Ch 12:22; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבאות Dt 20:9; 1 K 2:5; 1 Ch 27:3; רָאשֵׁי הצ׳ 1 Ch 12:14; מַלְכֵי צבאות ψ 68:13; עַל (ה)צ׳ over the host (as captain) Nu 10:14, 15 + 10 times Nu 10 (P), 2 S 8:16 = 1 Ch 18:15; 2 S 17:25; 1 K 2:35; 4:4; אל־כל הצ׳ 2 S 20:23 (אל for על); עַל־צִבְאֹתָם Ex 6:26; 12:51 (P); הוציא צבאות lead out armies Ex 7:4; 12:17 (P); יצא צ׳ army goes forth (to war) Ex 12:41; 1 Ch 7:11; לֹא תֵצֵא בְּצִבְאוֹתֵינוּ ψ 44:10, of י׳ going with our armies = 60:12 = 108:12; fig. of great number, צבא רב 68:12.—On חֲלִיפוֹת וְצָבָא Jb 10:17 v. Di; Bu proposes תַּחֲלֵף צְבָאֲ(ךָ) i.e. thou dost renew (thine) army against me. b. host (organized body) of angels (cf. Lu 2:13), צבא השׁמים (כל) all the host of heaven 1 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 18:18; Ne 9:6; כל צבאיו ψ 103:21; 148:2; צבא הַמָּרוֹם Is 24:21 host of the high (angel-princes; ‖ earthly monarchs); צבא השׁמים Dn 8:10, הצבא v 10 (al. v^b fig. of Israel); שׂר צ׳ י׳ captain of the host of י׳ Jos 5:14, 15 (theophanic angel); שׂר הצבא Dn 8:11 (angel-prince of Israel, others, God). c. of sun, moon and stars, כל צבא השׁמים Dt 4:19; 17:3; 2 K 17:16; 21:3, 5 = 2 Ch 33:3, 5; 2 K 23:4, 5 Je 8:2; 19:13 (all as objects of worship), Is 34:4; צ׳ השׁמים Je 33:22; Zp 1:5; כל צבאם Ne 9:6 ψ 33:6; Is 34:4; 45:12; צבאם Is 40:26.—Je 3:19 v. i. צְבִי. d. of the entire creation, כל צבאם Gn 2:1.

2. war, warfare, service: יָצָא צָבָא go out to war Nu 1:3, 20 + 12 times Nu 1, 26:2 (P) 1 Ch 5:18; 7:11; 12:33, 36; 2 Ch 25:5; 26:11; יצא בצ׳ Nu 31:36 (P) Dt 24:5; יצא לצ׳ Nu 31:27, 28 (P); עלה לצ׳ go up to war Jos 22:12, 33 (P); בא מצ׳ come from war Nu 31:14; 2 Ch 28:12; קבץ לצ׳ 1 S 28:1; שׁלח לצ׳ Nu 31:4, 6^(×2) (P); התיחשׂם בּצ׳ 1 Ch 7:40; צ׳ תִנָּתֵן Dn 8:12; אַנְשֵׁי (ה)צ׳ men of war Nu 31:21, 53 (P) 1 Ch 12:9, cf. עַם הצ׳ Nu 31:32 (P); v. also II. חלץ; גִבּוֹרֵי חַיִל לצ׳ 1 Ch 12:25; כְּלֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 12:37 instruments of war.

3. service: a. of Levites in sacred places Nu 4:3, 23, 30, 35, 39, 43; 8:24, 25; קֹדֶשׁ וְצָבָא Dn 8:13 (al. as v ¹¹, 1 b). b. of hard service of troubled life Jb 7:1; 14:14; Is 40:2 Dn 10:1.

4. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older), explained יהוה צבאות אֱלֹהֵי מערכות ישׂראל 1 S 17:45 י׳ Sebaoth God of the battle array of Israel (the thought of angels and stars as army of God is later); a. earliest form c. art.: י׳ אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת Am 3:13; 6:14; 9:5 (אֱלֹהֵי om. by error, cf. We), Ho 12:6. b. without art., definite by usage, י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת 2 S 5:10; Am 5:14, 15, 16; 6:8; 1 K 19:10, 14; Je 5:14; 15:16 ψ 89:9; י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Je 35:17; 38:17; 44:7; 2 S 7:27 = 1 Ch 17:24; Is 21:10; 37:16; 1st אֱלֹהֵי om. Je 7:3, 21 + 30 times Je; Zp 2:9; י׳ אלהים צ׳ אלהי ישׂראל ψ 59:6 (אלהים variant of י׳); י׳ א׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ, י׳ God of hosts his name Am 4:13; 5:27, later reduced to י׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ Is 47:4; 48:2; 51:15; 54:5; Je 10:16; 31:35 + 6 times Je. c. as n.pr. Sebaoth: י׳ צבאות, י׳ Sebaoth (Lord of hosts, Vrss, owing to Qr אֲדֹנָי, but this never cstr. אֲדֹנֵי; al. י׳ of hosts, but < names in appos., since י׳ is n.pr.; צ׳ for earlier אלהי צ׳; cf. Σαβαωθ Ja 5:4; Rom 9:29): 1 S 1:3, 11; 4:4; 15:2; 17:45; 2 S 6:2, 18; 7:8, 26; 1 K 18:15; 2 K 3:14; 19:31; 1 Ch 11:9; 17:7 ψ 24:10 + 6 times ψψ, Mi 4:4; Na 2:14; 3:5 Hb 2:13; Zp 2:10; Is 1:9; 2:12; 5:7, 9, 16, 24 + 35 times Is 6–39; Is 2 only 44:6; 45:13; Je 6:6, 9; 8:3; 9:6, 16 + 26 times Je, Hg 1:2, 5 + 12 times Hg, Zc 1:3^(×3), 4 + 40 times Zc 1–8; 9:15 + 8 times 10–14, Mal 1:4, 6, 8 + 21 times Mal; האדון י׳ צ׳ Is 1:24 + 4 times Is (incl. 10:16 Baer Gi > van d. H. אֲדֹנָי for י׳); אֲדֹנָי י׳ צ׳ 3:15 + (on these phr. v. אָדוֹן 1, 6); אלהים צ׳ (א׳ later Qr for orig. י׳) ψ 80:8, 15; י׳ אלהים צ׳ (earlier י׳ + later [inserted] א׳) ψ 80:5, 20; 84:9.—cf. Driver ^{Hastings DB (1900), Lord of Hosts} and reff., Löhr ^{Amos (Belhefte zur ZAW iv (1900), 38–67)}.

צְבָאוֹת, צִבְאוֹת, צְבָאִים v. further i, ii. צְבִי.

צְבֹאִים v. צְבֹיִים.

I. צבב (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian ṣumbu (=*ṣubbu), cart; 𝔗 צִיבָּא low, covered wagon).

† I. צָב n.[m.] litter;—abs. צ׳, in עֶגְלֹת צָב Nu 7:3, prob. litter-wagons, i.e. wagons covered, like palanquin; pl. צַבִּים Is 66:20 litters (on Vrss cf. Di ^Nu).

II. צבב (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَبَّ cleave to ground; NH צָב = BH, Syriac ܥܰܒܳܐ in Lexx; Arabic ضَبٌّ is a large lizard, v. especially Seetzen^{Reisen iii. 436 ff.}).

† II. צָב n.[m.] lizard, as unclean, Lv 11:29.

† צֹבֵבָה n.pr.m. in Judah, הַצּ׳ 1 Ch 4:8, Σαβαθα, A Σωβηβα, 𝔊L Σαβηβα.

† I. [צָבָה] vb. swell, swell up (NH id.);—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְצָֽבְתָה Nu 5:27; appar.

Hiph. Inf. cstr. לַצְבּוֹת v 22, < read Qal לִצְבּוֹת Di Ol^{§ 78 c} Sta^{§ 114 a, 2}; both of adulteress’ belly.—צֹבֶיהָ Is 29:7 v. צבא.

† [צָבֶה] adj. swelling, swollen;—f. צָבָה Nu 5:21 (as foregoing).

II. צבה (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; Dl^{Pr 159} Buhl al. cp. Arabic صبا lean, incline (especially iii.), fig. incline toward (الى), yearn for, Assyrian ṣabû, Aramaic צְבָא, ܨܒܳܐ, all desire, etc.).

† I. צְבִי n.m.^{2 S 1:19} beauty, honour;—abs. צ 2 S 1:19 +, צֶ֑בִי Dn 8:9; cstr. צְבִי Is 13:19 +; pl. cstr. צִבְאוֹת Je 3:19 (so 𝔗 Ki Thes Hi Gf Ol^{§ 145 b} Kö^{ii. 1, 584} al.; > from צבא 𝔙 Gie al.);—

1. a. beauty, decoration, צ׳ עֶדְיוֹ, of silver and gold Ez 7:20, of products of soil Is 4:2 (predict.). b. elsewhere in fig.: of drunkard’s chaplet, צ׳ תִפְאַרְתּוֹ Is 28:1, 4 (fig. of Samaria); עֲטֶרֶת צ׳ v 5 (of י׳); הַצּ׳ 2 S 1:19 (Saul and Jonathan); גְּאוֹן כָּל־צ׳, of Tyre Is 23:9; צ׳ מַמְלָכוֹת 13:19 (of Bab.); of land of Isr. (Judah), צְבִי הִיא לְכָל־הָאֲרָצוֹת Ez 20:6, 15, נַחֲלַת צְבִי צִבְאוֹת גּוֹיִם Je 3:19 (v. supr.) heritage of the beauty of beauties of the nations, i.e. most beauteous heritage; הַצּ׳ especially of Jerus. and temple Dn 8:9 (Bev), cf. אֶרֶץ הַצּ׳ 11:16, 41 (v. Dr), הַר צ׳־קֹדֶשׁ v 45 (i.e. temple-hill); of cities of Moab, צ׳ אֶרֶץ Ez 25:9.

2. = honour, צ׳ לַצַּדִּיק Is 24:16.—Ez 26:20; read וְתִתְיַצְּבִי for וְנָתַתִּי צְבִי, so 𝔊 Co Berthol Toy Krae al.

III. צבה (√ of foll.; NH צְבִי, צְבִיָּה = BH; so Assyrian ṣabîtu, Arabic ظَبْىٌ, Aramaic טַבְיָה, ܛܰܒܝܳܐ ).

† II. צְבִי n.m.^{Is 13:14} gazelle;—צ׳ abs. Dt 12:15 +; pl. צְבָיִם 2 S 2:18, צְבָאיִם 1 Ch 12:9 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v 8), צְבָאוֹת Ct 2:7; 3:5;—gazelle, allowed as food Dt 14:5, cf. 12:15, 22 (although not for sacrif., Dr; all + אַיָּל), so 15:22 (+ אַיָּל, יַחְמוּר, etc.), v. 1 K 5:3; sim. of swiftness 2 S 2:18; 1 Ch 12:9; v. supr., Pr 6:5; of grace and beauty Ct 2:9, 17; 8:14 (cf. Jacob^{Arab. Dichter iv. 20 f.}); hence used in adjuration 2:7; 3:5 (+ אילות); צ׳ מֻדָּח Is 13:14, sim. of fugitives.

† I. צְבִיָּה n.f. id.;—תְּאוֹמֵי צ׳ Ct 4:5 = 7:4.

† צִבְיָא n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:9, Ιεβια, A Σεβια, 𝔊L Σαβια.

† צִבְיָה n.pr.f. (= צְבִיָּה gazelle, cf. Sta^{§ 192 b});—mother of Jehoash of Judah 2 K 12:2, Αβια = 2 Ch 24:1, Αβια, 𝔊L Σαβια.

† צְבֹיִים n.pr.loc. near Sodom, Gn 14:2, 8; Dt 29:22 = צְבֹיִם Gn 10:19 = צְבֹאִים Ho 11:8 Kt (צְבוֹיִם Qr); Σεβωειμ.

† [צָבַט] vb. reach, hold out, to (ל pers.) (proposes grasp, hold, so NH (rare), בֵּית הַצְּבִיטָה handle (of jug); Arabic ضَبَطَ hold firmly, seize; Ethiopic ፀበጠ: grasp firmly);—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּצְבָּט־לָהּ Ru 2:14 (acc. rei).

I. צבע (√ of foll.; NH צָבַע dye; Assyrian ṣibûtum, ṣubâtu, dyed stuff (v. Zehnpf ^{BAS i. 519}); Arabic صَبَغَ, Aramaic צְבַע, ܨܒܰܥ, all dip, dye).

† צֶ֫בַע n.[m.] dye, dyed stuff;—cstr. צ׳ רִקְמָתַיִם Ju 5:30 (perhaps del. צ׳, cf. GFM); pl. שְׁלַל צְבָעִים booty of dyed stuffs v 30^(×2).

† צָבוּעַ adj. coloured, variegated (proposes pt. pass.);—עַיִט צ׳ Je 12:9 a variegated bird of prey.

II. צבע (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic صَبَعَ point Lag^{BN 20.21} إِصْبَعٌ, finger, Sab. אצבע DHM ^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 375}; Ethiopic አጽባዕት: NH = BH; Aramaic אֶצְבְּעָא, ܨܶܒܥܬܳܐ, Mand. צבאתא Nö^{M 36}; Dl^{Pr 172} Kö^{ii. 1, 96} cp. Assyrian ṣibû ii. surround firmly).

אֶצְבַּע₃₁ n.f.^{Lv 14:6} finger;—א׳ abs. Is 58:9, cstr. Ex 8:15 +; sf. אֶצְבָּעוֹ Lv 4:6 +; pl. אֶצְבָּעוֹת Je 52:21, cstr. אֶצְבְּעֹת 2 S 21:20 +, etc.;—

1. finger, especially a. forefinger, of priest, applying blood (P), Ex 29:12; Lv 4:6, 17, 25 + 8 times; applying oil 14:16^(×2), 27. b. שְׁלַח א׳ of any one Is 58:9, sign of contempt. c. of God, as writing Ex 31:18 (E) Dt 9:10; = act of God Ex 8:15 (J). d. pl. of all the fingers 2 S 21:20a; fingers in gen. Is 2:8; 17:8; 59:3 ψ 144:1, Pr 7:3 Ct 5:5; of י׳ ψ 8:4; מֹרֶה בְא׳ Pr 6:13 (of contempt. gesture); as measure of thickness, Je 52:21 four fingers.

2. toes: אֶצְבְּעֹת רַגְלָיו 2 S 21:20b, lit. fingers of his feet, cf. א״ ‖ 1 Ch 20:6 = fingers and toes.

III. צבע (perhaps √ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضبع limp (so Lag^{BN 20}), whence ضَبُعٌ hyena, Syriac ܐܰܦܥܳܐ id., NH צָבוּעַ).

† צִבְעוֹן n.pr.m. a Horite (hyena; RS^{K 219}; Gray^{Prop. N. 95} and reff.);—Gn 36:2, 14, 20 (in these gloss according to Di Holz), v 24^(×2), 29 1 Ch 1:38, 40, Σεβεγων.

† צְבֹעִים n.pr.loc. in Benj.;—גֵּי הצ׳ (perhaps valley of hyenas, so Thes, cf. Lag^{BN 36} Gray^l.c.);—1 S 13:18 (according to Buhl^{Geogr. 98} = Wady el-Kelt, between Jerus. and Jericho), Σαμειν, 𝔊L Σαβαιν; cf. צ׳ Ne 11:34, A Σεβοειμ, 𝔊L Σεβωειν.

† [צָבַר] vb. heap up (NH id.; Aramaic צְבַר; Syriac ܨܒܰܪ is prate, chatter, rave; Arabic ضَبَرَ is collect, bind together; cf. further Dozy);—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִצְבֹּר Gn 41:49 ψ 39:7; 3 fs. וַתִּצְבָּר־ Zc 9:3, etc.;—heap up, in great quantity: c. acc. corn Gn 41:35, 49 (E), dead frogs Ex 8:10 (J), dust Hb 1:10, silver like dust Zc 9:3; Jb 27:16, cf. (obj. om.) ψ 39:7.

† [צִבּוּר] n.m. heap;—only pl. שְׁנֵי צִבֻּרִים 2 K 10:8 two heaps (of heads).

צבת (√ of foll.; NH צָבַת bind, unite; Assyrian ṣabâtu, grasp, take; Talm. צְבַת join, and der.).

† צְבָתִים n.[m.]pl. bundles of grain Ru 2:16 (Vogelst^{Landwirthschaft 61} swaths [grasped and] lifted for binding).

צדד (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic صَدَّ turn away, then shun, alienate; NH Biblical Aramaic צַד = BH; Arabic صَدَدٌ vicinity, صَدَدَ in front of, in the vicinity of; Aramaic צֵיד, ܨܶܐܕ by, apud).

† צַד n.m. ^{Ex 25:32} side;—צַד abs. Ez 34:21; Is 60:4, cstr. 2 S 2:16 +; sf. צִדָּהּ Gn 6:16 +, etc.; for צִדָּה 1 S 20:20 read צַ֫דָּה (or צִדֹּה; cf. Dr, > צִ֫דָּה); pl. צִדִּים Ju 2:3, read prob. צִדֵּיכֶם as Nu 33:55; Jos 23:13; cstr. צִדֵּי Ex 26:13, etc.;—side, of man 2 S 2:16; Nu 33:55; (H) Jos 23:13 (D), Ju 2:3 (prob. read context as Nu 33:55 GFM; Dl^{Pr 75} cp. Assyrian ṣaddu, snare, trap); of one lying Ez 4:4, 6, 9, מִצִּדְּךָ אֶל־צִדֶּ֑ךָ v 8 turn from side to side; children carried עַל־צ׳ (i.e. prob. on hip) Is 60:4; 66:12; of cattle Ez 34:21 (in fig.); of things 1 S 20:20 (cf. Dr), Gn 6:16; Ex 25:32^(×3) = 37:18^(×3), 26:13; 30:4 = 37:27 (all P); מִצַּד at the side of c. gen. th. Dt 31:26, pers. 1 S 20:25; Ru 2:14, מִצִּדְּךָ ψ 91:7; c. gen. loc. Jos 3:16; 12:9, מִצַּד הָהָר 2 S 13:34; מִצַּד הָהָר מִזֶּה 1 S 23:26 bis on this side of the hill and on that side; c. sf. rei מִצִּדּוֹ 1 S 6:8.

† [צְדָד] n.pr.loc. on N. border of Canaan, c. ה loc., צְדָ֫דָה Nu 34:8 (Σαραδακ, Sam. צרדה), Ez 47:15 (Σελδαμμα), read prob. צְדָ֫דָה; perhaps Khirbet Ṣerādā, N. of Abil, E. of Merj ʿAjûn toward Hermon (lat. c. 33° 25’ N., long. c. 35° 35’ E.), so van Kasteren ^{Rev.Bibl., 1895, 30}, cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 67}.

† צִדִּים n.pr.loc. in Naphtali, הַצּ׳ Jos 19:35 (𝔊 τῶν Τυρίων).

† I. צָדָה vb. lie in wait (NH id., rare; cf. (si vera l.) Biblical Aramaic צְדָא Dn 3:14);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ Ex 21:13 (E; abs.); Pt. c. acc. וְאַתָּה צֹדֶה אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לְקַחְתָּהּ 1 S 24:11 (Gi; v 12 van d. H. Baer).

† צְדִיָּה n.f. lying-in-wait;—(ב)צ׳ Nu 35:20, 22 i.e. with malicious intent (P).

† II. [צָדָה] vb. lay waste (NH id. (rare), Aramaic צְדִי, ܨܕܳܐ, ܨܕܺܝ id.);—

Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִצְדּוּ עָרֵיהֶם Zp 3:6 their cities are laid waste.

צֵדָה v. צֵידָה, sub II. צוד.

צֵדְנִיֹּת v. צִידֹנִי.

צדק (√ of foll.; NH, Aramaic in deriv.; cf. Arabic صَدَقَ speak the truth (also صَدْقٌ hard, even, straight, perfect); Sab. צדק just, epith. of king Mordtm ^{ZMG xxx (1876), 37} Hom^{Chrest. 125}; usually excellent DHM ^{ZMG xxix (1875), 595, 599} CIS ^{iv. p. 176}; also verb favour, endow (one with something) CIS ^{iv. No. 198, 1. 4} DHM ^l.c. Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 70 f.}; Ph. צדק adj. just, right, TelAm (Can.) ṣaduḳ innocent; Old Aramaic צדק n. righteousness, loyalty, Nab. אצדק adj. authorized, Palm. זדקתא εὐσεβής; Saho sadaḳ, be true, clear Reinisch ^{Saho Spr, (1890) 312}; Ethiopic ጸድቀ: be just, righteous, so NH צדק Pi. Hiph., Aramaic צְדֵיק, ܙܕܰܩ; cf. Kau ^{Deriv. d. St}. ^{צדק (1881)} HPS^{צדק etc. Presb. Rev., 1882, 165 ff.} Gerber ^{206 ff.}).

† צֶ֫דֶק n.m. Is 1:21 rightness, righteousness;—צ׳ Lv 19:36 + 87 times; צִדְקִי Is 41:10 + 8 times, etc.;—

1. what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures, אֵיפָה, אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה וָצֶדֶק Dt 25:15 a perfect and a just weight, ephah; מֹאזְנֵי צ׳; אַבְנֵי צ׳, אֵיפַת צ׳, הִין צ׳, בַּת צ׳ Lv 19:36 (H) Jb 31:6; Ez 45:10; מַעְגְּלֵי צ׳ right paths ψ 23:3; זִבְחֵי צ׳ right peace-offerings Dt 33:19 ψ 4:6; 51:21.

2. righteousness, in government: a. of judges, rulers, kings, שׁפט בצ׳ Lv 19:15 (H); שׁפט צ׳ Dt 1:16 Pr 31:9; משׁפט צ׳ Dt 16:18; רדף צ׳ v 20; חוֹקֵק צ׳ Pr 8:15; מלך לצ׳ Is 32:1; דבּר צ׳ ψ 58:2; also Pr 25:5 ψ 94:15; Ec 5:7. b. of law, as מִשְׁפָּטִים Is 58:2 ψ 119:7, 62, 75, 106, 160 (𝔊, but MT מִשְׁפַּט), v 164; as עֵדוֹת v 138, 144; as מִצְוֹת v 172. c. of Davidic king, Messiah Is 11:4, 5; 16:5 ψ 45:5, דין בצ׳ 72:2. d. of Jerus., as seat of just government, עִיר הַצֶּדֶק Is 1:26 city of righteousness; נְוֵה צ׳ Je 31:23; 50:7 (poss. these reflect an orig. god צֶדֶק, v. מַלְכִּי צֶדֶק); צ׳ יָלִין בָּהּ Is 1:21 righteousness used to lodge in her; cf. מְקוֹם הצ׳ Ec 3:16 the place of righteousness. e. of God’s attribute as sovereign Jb 36:3, husband of Israel Ho 2:21; צ׳ his personif. agent ψ 85:11, 12, 14, foundation of his throne 89:15 = 97:2; in his government ψ 9:9; 65:6; 96:13 = 98:9, promise Is 45:19, administration of justice Jb 8:3 Je 11:20 ψ 7:18; 48:11; 50:6 = 97:6, vindication of his people 9:5; 35:24, 28; raising up Cyrus Is 45:13, calling his servant 42:6; אֱלֹהֵי צִדְקִי ψ 4:2 God of my righteousness (who vindicates me); his צ׳ is everlasting 119:142.

3. righteousness, justice, in a case or cause Jb 6:29; 8:6; 29:14 ψ 35:27; Is 59:4; God שׁפט כצ׳ ψ 7:9 judges according to righteousness; גמל כצ׳ 18:21; השׁיב כצ׳ v 25; שׁמע צ׳ 17:1; הוציא צ׳ 37:6.

4. rightness, in speech, דבּר צ׳ ψ 52:5 (opp. שֶׁקֶר); יַגִּיד צ׳ Pr 12:17; בצ׳ כל אמרי פי 8:8; שִׂפְתֵי צ׳ 16:13.

5. righteousness, as ethically right Jb 35:2 ψ 17:15; 45:8; Pr 1:3; 2:9; Ec 7:15; Je 22:13; Ez 3:20; Ho 10:12 (read פְּרִי צ׳, so 𝔊 We Now); צ׳ עלמים Dn 9:24; עשׂה צ׳ Is 64:4 ψ 119:121; פעל צ׳ 15:2; למד צ׳ Is 26:9, 10; בקּשׁ צ׳ Zp 2:3; רדף צ׳ Is 51:1; ידע צ׳ v 7.

6. righteousness as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity: a. of God as covenant-keeping, in redemption, בִּימִין צִדְקִי Is 41:10, ‖ יֵשַׁע 45:8; 51:5, cf. 42:21; בשּׂר צ׳ ψ 40:10; אִמְרַת צ׳ 119:123. b. in name יהוה צִדְקֵנוּ, of Messianic king (vindicating people’s cause and giving victory) Je 23:6; of city 33:16. c. of people as enjoying צ׳ of salvation, ‖ יְשׁוּעָה Is 62:1; ‖ כָּבוֹד 58:3; 62:2; כהנים יִלְבְּשׁוּ צ׳ ψ 132:9; שַׁעֲרֵי צ׳ 118:19; אֵילֵי הצ׳ Is 61:3. d. of Cyrus, צ׳ יִקְרָאֵהוּ לְרַגְלוֹ Is 41:2 (who) in victory calleth him at every step (Che^Hpt. on whose steps attends victory, so Di Du).

צְדָקָה₁₅₇ n.f. righteousness;—abs. צ׳ Gn 15:6 + 81 times; cstr. צִדְקַת Dt 33:21 + 5 times; sf. צִדְקָתִי Gn 30:33 +, etc.; pl. צְדָקוֹת Is 33:15 + 3 times; cstr. צִדְקוֹת Ju 5:11 +; sf. צִדְקֹתֶיךָ Dn 9:16, etc.;—

1. righteousness, in government: a. of judge, ruler, king: ‖ משׁפט Is 5:7; 9:6; Am 5:7; 6:12; משׁפט וצ׳ 2 S 8:15, עשׂה D. executed justice and righteousness = 1 Ch 18:14, cf. 1 K 10:9 = 2 Ch 9:8, Je 22:3, 15; 33:15 Ez 45:9; בּצ׳ יִכּוֹן כִּסֵּא Pr 16:12, cf. Is 54:14; עֲבֹדַת הצ׳, מַעֲשֵׂה הצ׳ Is 32:17, cf. v 16; נֹגְשַׂיִךְ צ׳ Is 60:17. b. of law, ‖ משׁפטים, צִדְקַת י׳ Dt 33:21. c. of Davidic king, Messiah, ‖ משׁפט, ψ 72:1, 3; Is 9:6; Je 23:5; 33:15.

2. God’s attribute as sovereign ψ 36:7; 71:19; in government, עשׂה משׁפט וצ׳ 99:4; Je 9:23; administering justice Jb 37:23; punishment Is 1:27; 5:16; 10:22; 28:17; Dn 9:7; vindication of his people Mi 7:9.

3. righteousness, in a case or cause, בצדקתי החזקתי Jb 27:6 on my righteousness I hold fast; מה ישׁ לי עוד צ׳ 2 S 19:29 what right have I yet? (cf. Ne 2:20); of God, הגיד צ׳ Is 57:12 (iron.); השׁיב צ׳ 1 S 26:23; Jb 33:26; כּצ׳, השׁיב 2 S 22:25, גמל v 21, נתן 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23.

4. righteousness = truthfulness, באמת ובצ׳ Is 48:1; Zc 8:8; in word Is 45:23; 63:1, oath Je 4:2.

5. righteousness, as ethically right: Gn 30:33 (J) Dt 6:25; Is 33:5; 48:18; Ez 14:14, 20; Pr 10:2; 11:4, 5, 18, 19 + 17 times, + צִדְקַת (ה)צַדִּיק(ים) Is 5:23; Ez 18:20; 33:12; צ׳ ישׁרים Pr 11:6; אֹרַח צ׳ 8:20; 12:28; דֶּרֶךְ צ׳ 16:31; עשׂה צ׳ do righteousness ψ 106:3; Is 56:1; 58:2; Ez 18:22; עשׂה משׁפט וצ׳ Ez 18:5 + 6 times Ez; עשׂה צ׳ ומשׁפט Gn 18:19 (J) Pr 21:3; רדף צ׳ Pr 15:9; 21:21; הלך באמת ובצ׳ 1 K 3:6; חשׁב לוֹ (ל)צ׳ Gn 15:6 (JE) imputed to him (for) righteousness, ψ 106:31; צ׳ וָחֶסֶד Pr 21:21^(×2) (del. 𝔊 ^AB Toy).

6. righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc. (cf. צֶדֶק 6): a. of God, ‖ יֶשַׁע, תְּשׁוּעָה, יְשׁוּעָה Is 45:8; 46:13; 51:6 + 7 times Is 2; ‖ בְּרָכָה ψ 24:6; ‖ נַחֲלָה Is 54:17; ‖ חֶסֶד ψ 36:11; 103:17; שֶׁמֶשׁ צ׳ Mal 3:20 sun of righteousness (with healing); בִּצ׳, י׳ delivers, guides, exalts his people ψ 5:9; 31:2; 71:2; 89:17; 119:40; 143:1, 11; אַל־יָבֹאוּ בְּצִדְקָתֶ֑ךָ 69:28 (of wicked); as acc. after verbs of declaring, etc., his saving (delivering) righteousness 22:32; 40:11; 51:16; 71:15, 16, 24; 98:2; 145:7; also יִוָּדַע צ׳ 88:13; צ׳ עֹמֶדֶת לָעַד his righteousness endureth for ever 111:3 cf. 119:142. b. of people, = prosperity, ‖ הון, עשׁר Pr 8:18; מוֹרֶה לצ׳ early rain for prosperity Jo 2:23.

7. pl. righteous acts: a. of God Ju 5:11^(×2); 1 S 12:7; Mi 6:5; vindication of right ψ 103:6; redemptive Is 45:24; Dn 9:16. b. of man’s moral conduct Is 64:5; Je 51:10, also prob. Ez 3:20; 18:24; 33:13 (Kt sg.) ψ 11:7 (? gloss), Dn 9:18; as adv. acc., הֹלֵךְ צְדָקוֹת Is 33:15.

† [צָדֵק, צָדֹק] vb. denom. be just, righteous;—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָֽדְקָה Gn 38:26; 2 ms. צָדַקְתָּ Jb 33:12; 35:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְדַּק Jb 9:2 +; יִצְדָּ֑ק Jb 4:17; 11:2; 3 fpl. תִּצְדַּקְנָה Ez 16:52 (𝔊 Co תְּצַדְּקִין, not Berthol Toy Krae), etc.;— 1. have a just cause, be in the right, Jb 9:15, 20; 13:18; 34:5; in complaint Jb 33:12; c. מִן pers. Gn 38:26 (J; of Tamar). 2. be justified, in one’s plea Jb 11:2; c. עִם (man with God) 9:2; 25:4; בי׳ Is 45:25; by witnesses 43:9; by acquittal ψ 143:2; Is 43:26; by condemnation of opponent Jb 40:8. 3. be just: of God, in his government, in charging with sin ψ 51:6; of מִשְׁפְּטֵי־י׳ 19:10. 4. be just, righteous, in conduct and character: of men Jb 10:15; 15:14; 22:3; 35:7, c. מִן comp., Jb 4:17 (more than God; Dr at God’s hand, מִן 2 d), Ez 16:52 (< 𝔊 Co Pi.).

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. וְנִצְדַּק קֹדֶשׁ consec. Dn 8:14 the holy place shall be put right, in a right condition (Marti ^Kau Buhl SS; Bev Dr Marti ^Comm. be justified, its cause vindicated).

Pi. Pf. 3 fs. צִדְּקָה Je 3:11; Impf. 2 fs. תְּצַדְּקִי Ez 16:51; Inf. cstr. sf. צַדְּקֶ֑ךָּ Jb 33:32; צַדֶּקְתֵּךְ (Ges^{§ 52 p}) Ez 16:52; צַדְּקוֹ Jb 32:2;—justify: עַל צַדְּקוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ מֵאֱלֹהִים Jb 32:2 because he justified himself rather than God (cf. Qal 1); make to appear righteous Je 3:11; Ez 16:51, 52 (all c. מִן comp.); חָפַצְתִּי צַדְּקֶ֑ךָּ Jb 33:32 I desire to justify thee (in thy plea, cf. Qal 2).

Hiph. Pf. 1 s. sf. הִצְדַּקְתִּיו 2 S 15:4; 3 mpl. הִצְדִּיקוּ Dt 25:1; Impf. 3 ms. יַצְדִּיק Is 53:11; 1 s. אַצְדִּיק Ex 23:7; Jb 27:5; Inf. cstr. הַצְדִּיק 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23; Imv. mpl. הַצְדִּיקוּ ψ 82:3; Pt. מַצְדִּיק Pr 17:15, etc.;— 1. do justice, in administering law 2 S 15:4 ψ 82:3. 2. declare righteous, justify, c. acc. (ה)צַדִּיק Dt 25:1; 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23; רָשָׁע Ex 23:7 (E) Is 5:23; Pr 17:15; justify accusers, by recognizing charge as just Jb 27:5. 3. justify, vindicate the cause of, save, c. acc., Is 50:8 (of God), c. לְ of obj. Is 53:11 (of servant of י׳). 4. make righteous, turn to righteousness, Dn 12:3, cf. Aboth 5:26, 27 Bev.

Hithp. Impf. 1 pl. נִצְטַדָּ֑ק Gn 44:16 (J) how shall we justify ourselves, clear ourselves, from suspicion?

צַדִּיק₂₀₆ adj. just, righteous;—abs. צ׳ Gn 6:9 +; pl. צַדִּיקִים Ex 23:8 +, etc.;—

1. just, righteous, in government: a. of Davidic king 2 S 23:3; צֶמַח Je 23:5; Zc 9:9 (‖ victorious). b. of judges, Ez 23:45; Pr 29:2 (v. Toy; Kau questions this meaning in all these). c. of law, מִשְׁפָּטִים צ׳ Dt 4:8. d. of God Dt 32:4 ψ 119:137; 129:4; Jb 34:17, opp. Pharaoh Ex 9:27 (J); in discrimination Je 12:1; Zp 3:5 ψ 7:10, 12; 11:7; condemnation 2 Ch 12:6; Dn 9:14 La 1:18; Ezr 9:15; Ne 9:33; redemption Is 45:21 ψ 116:5; keeping promises Ne 9:8; in all his ways ψ 145:17.

2. just in one’s cause, right: Ex 23:7, 8 (E) Dt 16:19; 25:1; 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23, Is 5:23; 29:21; Jb 32:1; 36:7; Pr 17:15, 26; 18:5, 17; 24:24; Am 2:6; 5:12; Hb 1:4, 13; right in law, not under penalty 2 S 4:11; 1 K 2:32; innocent of specif. offence 2 K 10:9; c. מְן comp. 1 S 24:18.

3. just, righteous, in conduct and character: a. towards God Gn 7:1; 18:23, 24^(×2), 25^(×2), 26, 28 (J) 20:4 (E), Hb 2:4; Mal 3:18. b. in gen., ethically: ψ 5:13; 7:10; 11:3, 5 + 21 times ψψ (+ infr.), Pr 2:20; 3:33; 4:18; 9:9 + 56 times Pr, Ec 3:17 + 7 times Ec, Is 3:10; 57:1^(×2); Je 20:12; La 4:13 Ez 3:20, 21^(×2) + 12 times Ez, Ho 14:10; ‖ תמים Gn 6:9 (P) Jb 12:4; ‖ נָקִי Jb 17:9; 22:19; 27:17 ψ 94:21; ‖ יִשְׁרֵי לֵב ψ 32:11; 64:11; 97:11.

4. righteous, as justified and vindicated by י׳, especially servant of י׳ Is 53:11, so his people, usually pl. Is 60:21 ψ 33:1 + 8 times ψψ (v. also supr.); אָהֳלֵי צ׳ 118:15 tents of the righteous; גּוֹרַל צ׳ 125:3; עֲדַת צ׳ 1:5; דֶּרֶךְ צ׳ v 6; sg. coll. 34:20, 22; 75:11; Is 24:16; 26:7^(×2); גּוֹי צַדִּיק v 2 (‖ שֹׁמֵר אֱמֻנִים).

5. right, correct, Is 41:26 (cf. אֱמֶת 43:9); lawful שְׁבִי צ׳ 49:24 EV; but read עָרִיץ.

צָדוֹק and (1 K 1:26) צָדֹק₅₄ n.pr.m. (just, righteous; cf. Sab. n.pr. צדק CIS ^{iv, No. 287, 1. 2. 11. 15} etc., DHM^{Hof museum. No. 32});—Σαδωκ, Σαδδουκ (cf. Lag^{BN 225 ff.}):—

1. ₄₈ priests: a. David’s time 2 S 8:17 = 1 Ch 18:16, 2 S 15:24, 25 + 23 times S K Ch, + (Sol.’s time) 1 K 2:35 = 1 Ch 29:22, 1 K 4:2, 4; ancestor of בְּנֵי צָדוֹק Ez 40:46; 44:15; 48:11, זֶרַע צ׳ 43:19, בֵּית צ׳ 2 Ch 31:10; descendant of Eleazar 1 Ch 5:34^(×2) + 5 times Ch. b. 1 Ch 5:38^(×2), poss. = c. 1 Ch 9:11; Ne 11:11.

†2. father-in-law of Uzziah 2 K 15:33 = 2 Ch 27:1.

†3. two wall-builders: a. Ne 3:4. b. v 29; perhaps = c. 10:22, and d. צ׳ הַסּוֹפֵר 13:13.

צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ₅₆ -יָּה₇ n.pr.m. (י׳ is righteousness; cf. Sab. צדקאל DHM^{ib., on No. 32});—Σεδεκια(ς):

1. last king of Judah, מַתַּנְּיָה, changed to צ׳: -יָּ֫הוּ 2 K 24:17, 18, 20; 25:2, 7^(×2) = 2 Ch 36:10, 11, 1 Ch 3:15; Je 1:3; 21:1, 3, 7 + 37 times Je; -יָּה †Je 27:12; 28:1; 29:3; 49:34.

†2. false prophets: a. under Ahab, -יָּ֫הוּ 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:10, 23; -יָּה 1 K 22:11. b. -יָּ֫הוּ Jerem.’s time, Je 29:21, 22.

†3. -יָּ֫הוּ prince, Jerem.’s time, Je 36:12.

†4. -יָּה, priest, Nehem.’s time, Ne 10:2 (𝔊L Σεχενιας).

†5. -יָּה, son of Jehoiachin, according to 1 Ch 3:16, but prob. gloss, Be SS, cf. Kit.

† [צָהֵב, צָהֹב, cf. Lag^{BN 31}] vb. gleam (NH id. (of face, bronze, etc.); Arabic صَهِبَ be red);—

Hoph. Pt. נְחשֶׁת מֻצְהָב Ezr 8:27 bronze of gleaming ware (so NH and—appar. Hebraism—𝔗 2 Ch 4:16).

† צָהֹב adj. gleaming, yellow (of hair);—שֵׂעָר צ׳ Lv 13:30, 32, 36 (opp. שׂ׳ שָׁחֹר v 31, 37).

† I. [צָהַל] vb. neigh, cry shrilly (Arabic صَهَلَ neigh, Syriac ܨܗܰܠ id.; 𝔗 Est 8:15 = BH);—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָֽהֲלָה Est 8:15; 3 pl. צָֽהֲלוּ Is 24:14; Impf. 3 mpl. יִצְהָ֑לוּ Je 5:8; 2 fs. תצהלי 50:11 Kt, Qr 2 mpl. תִּצְהֲלוּ and so Vrss; Imv. fs. צַהֲלִי Is 10:30 +; mpl. צַהֲלוּ Je 31:7;— 1. neigh, of men under fig. of stallions; c. אֶל unto (in desire) Je 5:8, of profligate Judaeans; abs. 50:11 of arrogant Chaldeans. 2. cry shrilly, in distress Is 10:30 (c. adv. acc. קוֹלֵךְ); usually joy, praise (‖ רָנַן) 12:6; 54:1, c. ב at, over, Je 31:7; Is 24:14; + שָׂמֵ֑חָה Est 8:15.

† [מִצְהָלָה] n.f. neighing;—pl. cstr. קוֹל מִצְהֲלוֹת אַבִּירָיו Je 8:16 (‖ נַחְרַת סוּסָיו); sf. מִצְהֲלוֹתַיִךְ 13:27 of idolatrous Judah, under fig. of mare desiring stallion (‖ נִאֻפַיִךְ, זִמַּת זְנוּתֵךְ).

† II. [צָהַל] vb.

Hiph. make shining (NH id. (rare); ‖ form of צהר, denom. from צהרים);—Inf. cstr. לְהַצְהִיל פָּנִים מִשָּׁ֑מֶן ψ 104:15.

צהר (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ظَهَرَ appear, mount, ظَهْرٌ back, ظَهِيرَةٌ midday; Assyrian ṣêru (TelAm. zuʾru, etc.), back; Aramaic טִיהֲרָא, ܛܰܗܪܳܐ MI:15 הצהרם, midday; Lag^{BN 129}; > Kö^{ii 1, 93} (cf. Thes) = shine, ‖ זהר, NH Hiph. (rare), for this is in Aramaic צהר (rare)); הִצְהִיר Ecclus 43:3 is denom. from צהרים.

† I. [צֹ֫הַר] n.[m.] only pl. צָהֳרַ֫יִם midday, noon, Dt 28:29 +, צָהֳרָ֑יִם Gn 43:16 + (when sun mounts its highest; on form as expanded pl. (not du.) v. Ges^{§ 88 c} and reff.);—usually

1. noon as a specif. time of day, 1 K 18:29; especially בַּצּ׳ at noon Gn 43:16, 25; Am 8:9; 1 K 18:27; 20:16; Ct 1:7 (resting-time for flock), Je 6:4 (opp. evening); בְּעֵת צ׳ Je 20:16 (dist. from morning) as time of supposed security Je 15:8; Zp 2:4; also מֵהַבֹּקֶר וְעַד הַצּ׳ 1 K 18:26, עַד־הַצּ׳ 2 K 4:20; without ב, as adv., צ׳ as time of prayer ψ 55:18 (+ בֹּקֶר, עֶרֶב); as time of wasting קֶטֶב 91:6; מִשְׁכַּב הַצּ׳ 2 S 4:5 noonday repose.

2. noon, as bright, sim. of happiness, blessing, Is 58:10 (opp. אֲפֵלָה), ψ 37:6 (‖ כָּאוֹר); cf. Jb 11:17 (Ges^{§ 133 e}); v. also בְּתוֹךְ הַצּ׳ Is 16:3 (opp. צִלֵּךְ); בַּצּ׳ Dt 28:29 Is 59:10 Jb 5:14.

† II. צֹ֫הַר n.f. prob. roof (cf.Arabic Assyrian TelAm. back; > Thes Di al. light, window);—צ׳ תַּעֲשֶׂה לַתֵּבָה Gn 6:16.

† I. יִצְהָר n.[m.] fresh oil (newly appeared, cf. ‘Ausbruch’ Lag^{BN 129} Kö^{ii 1, 93}; > Thes al. that which shines);—abs. יִצ׳ Ho 2:10 +, sf. יִצְהָרֶ֑ךָ Dt 7:13 +;—fresh oil, as product of land, in unmanufactured state, usually + תִּירוֹשׁ, דָּגָן etc., rich possession, gift of י׳ Ho 2:10, 24; Je 31:12; Dt 7:13; 11:14; Jo 2:19, 24, so חֵלֶב יִצ׳ Nu 18:12; Dt 28:51; Hg 1:11; 2 Ch 32:28; Ne 5:11; tithed Dt 12:17; 14:23; firstfruits for priest 18:4; Ne 10:38 cf. v 40 13:5 (tithe for Levites), v 12, for priest and Levite 2 Ch 31:5; זֵית יִצ׳ 2 K 18:32 oil-olive, i.e. oil-yielding olive-trees, cf. יִצ׳ alone Jo 1:10; יִצ׳ as anointing oil only in בְּנֵי הַיִּצ׳ Zc 4:14, i.e. anointed ones.

† [צָהַר] vb.denom. from foreg.,

Hiph. press out oil;—Impf. 3 mpl. יַצְהִ֑ירוּ Jb 24:11.

† II. יִצְהָר n.pr.m. Ισ(σ)ααρ: Levite, son of Kohath Ex 6:18, 21; Nu 3:19; 16:1 1 Ch 5:28; 6:3, 23; 23:12, 18.

† יִצְהָרִי adj.gent. of foreg., c. art. as subst. coll. הַיִּצ׳ Nu 3:27; 1 Ch 24:22; 26:23, 29

צַו v. צוה.

צוא (√ of foll.; cf. Syriac ܨܺܐܝ be foul, Ethiopic ጼአ; prob. also Arabic وَصِىَٔ be polluted; Dl^{Pr 160} Kö^{ii. 1, 162} cp. also Assyrian ṣiʾ, destroy, ruin; NH צוֹאָה = BH; Aramaic צָאתָא, ܨܳܐܬܳܐ, filth).

† [צֵאָה] n.f. filth, specif. human excrement;—sf. צֵאָתֶ֑ךָ Dt 23:14; cstr. בְּגֶלְלֵי צֵאַת הָאָדָם Ez 4:12 (as fuel; cf. [גֵּל] p. 165 supr.).

† צֹאָה n.f. filth;—abs. צ׳ Is 28:8 (of drunkards’ vomit, cf. קִיא); צ׳ fig. of iniquity, cstr. צֹאַת Is 4:4, sf. צֹאָתוֹ Pr 30:12; specif. of human excrement (= [צֵאָה]) sf. צֹאָתָם 2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12 (both Qr; Kt חר(א)יהם, cf. [חֶרֶא] p. 351 supr.).

† [צֹאִי] adj. filthy;—pl. צוֹאִים Zc 3:3, צֹאִים v 4 (both of garments).

צַוָּאר v. I. צור.

† צוֹבָא, צוֹבָה n.pr.terr. Σουβα, rarely Σωβα(λ): an Aramaean kingdom, time of (Saul and) David אֲרַם צוֹבָא 2 S 10:6, 8 (elsewhere צוֹבָה), אֲרַם צוֹבָה ψ 60:2 (title); הֲדַדְעֶזֶר מֶלֶךְ צ׳ 2 S 8:3, 5, 12 = 1 Ch 18:3, 5; 1 K 11:23; 1 Ch 18:9; צ׳ also 19:6; חֲמַת צ׳ 2 Ch 8:3; orig. home of one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:36 (perhaps read also for n.pr.m. מִבְחָר ‖ 1 Ch 11:38, cf. Dr); מַלְכֵי צ׳ 1 S 14:47 (only here in Saul’s time); Nö^{Aram., in Ency. Bib., cf. ZMG xxv (1871), 113 ff.} places between Hamath and Damascus (about Ḥums, Emesa), and so Dl^{Pa 279 f.}, who cp. Assyrian city Ṣubitu, cf. Schr^COT. 2 S 8:3.

† I. צוּד vb. hunt (NH id. (rare), מְצוּדָה = BH Assyrian ṣâdu, hunt, so Arabic (صيد), صَادَ, Aramaic צוּד, צִיד, ((ܨܘܕ) ܨܳܕ) Old Aramaic צידא hunting);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. צָד֣וּ La 4:18; sf. צָדוּנִי 3:52, וְצָדוּם consec. Je 16:16; Impf. 3 ms. יָצוּד Lv 17:13, etc.; Imv. ms. צוּ֫דָה Gn 27:3; Inf. abs. צוֹד La 3:52; cstr. לָצוּד Gn 27:5; Pt. הַצָּד v 33;—hunt, c. acc. i. צַיִד Gn 27:3 Qr (> Kt צידה), v 5, 33 (all J), צֵיד חַיָּה Lv 17:13 (H); טֶרֶף Jb 38:39; c. acc. pers. Mi 7:2 (+ חֵרֶם, instr.), Je 16:16 (+ מֵעַל), Jb 10:16, צוֹד צָדוּנִי כַצִּפּוֹר La 3:52, subj. evil ψ 140:12; c. acc. צְעָדֵינוּ La 4:18, נֶפֶשׁ יְקָרָה Pr 6:26.—Ho 9:13 read prob. לָצוּד (or לָצַיִד), for MT לְצוֹר, v. צֹר. Pōʿl. hunt (Keenly, eagerly?), Impf. 2 fpl. תְּצוֹדֵדְנָה Ez 13:18; Inf. cstr. לְצוֹדֵד v 18; Pt. fpl. מְצֹדְדוֹת v 20^(×2), all c. acc. נְפָשׁוֹת (of magic arts, necromancy, etc.).

† I. צַ֫יִד n.m. hunting, game;—abs. צ׳ Gn 10:9 +, צָ֑יִד 27:3 (Qr; > Kt צידה), Ne 13:15, cstr. צֵיד Gn 27:25; sf. צֵידִי v 19, etc.;—

1. hunting Gn 27:30; גִּבֹּר־צ׳ 10:9^(×2), יֹדֵעַ צ׳ 25:27 (all J).

2. game hunted and taken (cf. Ba^{NB 161}), Gn 25:28; 27:3 (v. supr.) v 5, 7, 19, 25, 31, 33 (all J), cf. Pr 12:27; צֵיד חַיָּה אוֹ עוֹף Lv 17:13 (H).

† [צַיָּד] n.m. hunter;—pl. צַיָּדִים Je 16:16.

† מְצָד, מְצַד n.f. ^{Je 48:41} fastness, stronghold (prop. hunting-place?);—abs. מְצָד 1 Ch 11:7; 12:6, מְצַד 12:8; pl. abs. מְצָדוֹת 1 S 23:14 +, cstr. id. v 29 (Gi, 24:1 van d. H. Baer), Is 33:16;—

1. mountain-fastness Ju 6:2 1 S 23:14, 19, 19 (v. supr.), Ez 33:27; 1 Ch 12:8(9), 16(17); מְצָדוֹת סְלָעִים Is 33:16.

2. more gen., stronghold Je 48:41; 51:30; Ez 19:9 (Baer Gi van d. H. מְצֹדוֹת id. [ii. מְצוֹדָה] Ew Hi-Sm Da al.; nets [i. מְצוֹדָה] Krae; del. Co Oort Toy); citadel of Jerusalem 1 Ch 11:7.

† I. [מָצוֹד] n.m. in pl., dub., usually siege-works;—מְצוֹדִים גְּדֹלִים Ec 9:14, but read מְצוּרִים Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. i. 353}, v. מָצוֹר 2, p. 849 a.

† II. [מָצוֹד] n.[m.] hunting implement, specif. net (cf. Syriac ܡܨܺܝܕܬܳܐ, 𝔗 מְצַדְתָּא, net);— only fig.: cstr. מְצוֹד רָעִים Pr 12:12 (but text dub., v. conj. in Toy); sf. מְצוּדוֹ Jb 19:6 (of God as Job’s hunter); pl. מְצוֹדִים וַחֲרָמִים לִבָּהּ Ec 7:26 (of woman).

† I. מְצוֹדָה n.f. net;—מ׳ Ec 9:12 for fish (in sim.);—pl. Ez 19:9 v. מְצָד supr.

† I. מְצוּדָה n.f. net, prey;—abs. מ׳ Ez 13:21 ψ 66:11; sf. מְצוּדָתִי Ez 12:13; 17:20;—

1. net, in fig. of י׳’s judgment, Ez 12:13; 17:20 (both ‖ רֶשֶׁת), ψ 66:11.

2. prey Ez 13:21 (fig.).

† II. [מְצוֹדָה] n.f. fastness, stronghold;—sf. מְצֹדָתָהּ Is 29:7 (of Ariel);—pl. Ez 19:9 v. מְצָד.

† II. מְצוּדָה n.f. fastness, stronghold;—abs. מ׳ 1 S 22:4 +, מְצֻדָה 2 S 5:9, cstr. מְצֻדַת v 7; sf. מְצוּדָתִי ψ 18:3 +, מְצֻדָתִי 2 S 22:2; pl. מְצוּדוֹת ψ 31:3;—fastness of David, 1 S 22:4, 5; 24:23 (Gi v 22) 2 S 5:17; 23:14 = 1 Ch 11:16; read also מְצֻדַת עֲדֻלָּם 1 S 22:1 2 S 23:13 1 Ch 11:15, for MT מְעָרַת (v. מְעָרָה p. 792 b); of Jerus., מְצֻדַת צִיּוֹן 2 S 5:7 = 1 Ch 11:5, cf. 2 S 5:9; home of eagle Jb 39:28 (+ שֶׁן־סֶלַע); elsewhere fig. of י׳ ψ 18:3 = 2 S 22:2, ψ 31:4; 71:3 (all + סַלְעִי), 91:2 (+ מַחְסִי), 144:2 (+ חַסְדִּי, but this dub., Krochm Gr Che חִסְנִי, Dy חִזְקִ, Du סַלְעִי; poss. is מַחְסִי); also בֵּית מְצוּדוֹת 31:3.

II. צוד (√ of foll.; relation to I. צוד dub.; cf. Assyrian ṣîdîtu, Arabic زَادٌ (و), Aramaic זְוָדָה, ܙܘܳܕܳܐ, Palm. זוד, all provisions (especially for journey); in Thes = I. צוד; on game as early food of nomads v. RS^{Sem i. 205; 2nd ed. 222f.} cf. Doughty^{Arab. Des. i. 70, 326, 562}; ז (Arabic Aramaic) is then secondary).

† II. [צַ֫יִד] n.[m.] provision, food;—abs. צָ֑יִד Ne 13:15; sf. צֵידוֹ Jb 38:41, etc.;—provision taken on journey Jos 9:14, לֶחֶם צֵידָם v 5 (both JE); more gen. (late), food, food-supply, Ne 13:15 ψ 132:15, of raven Jb 38:41.—i. צַיִד v. צוד.

† צֵידָה n.f. id.;—abs. צ׳ Jos 9:11 + 2 times; צֵדָה Gn 42:25 + 5 times;—provision for journey, march, Gn 42:25; 45:21 Ex 12:39 (all E), Jos 1:11 (D), 9:11 (JE), Ju 7:8 (text dub. cf. GFM), 20:10 1 S 22:10; supply of food ψ 78:25.—Gn 27:3 v. i. צַיִד, sub צוד.

† [צִיד] vb.denom.

Hithp. supply oneself with provisions, take as one’s provision;—Pf. 1 pl. הִצְטַיַּדְנוּ Jos 9:12 this bread we took as our provision; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑דוּ v 4 (so read for MT וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ, Codd Vrss Thes al.), abs.

[צָוָה₄₈₅] vb.

Pi. lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order (Ba^{ZMG xli (1887), 641} Gerber ¹²⁴ cp. Arabic وَصَى combine, ii. enjoin, iv. charge; وَصِيَّةٌ injunction, command; Syriac ܨܘܳܐ, head up stones, ܨܘܳܝܳܐ, stone-heap, Arabic صُوَّةٌ guide-stone, cf. Schulth ⁵⁷; Gerber makes Heb. vb. denom. from מִצְוָה, but vb. is much earlier);—Pf. 3 ms. צִוָּה Gn 6:22 +; sf. צִוַּנִי Dt 4:5 +; צִוְּךָ Dt 4:23 +; צִוָּהוּ Gn 7:5 +, etc.; 1 s. צִוִּיתִי Ex 29:35 + 29 times, צִוֵּיתִי Lv 8:31 + 4 times, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְצַוֶּה Gn 18:19 + 8 times; יְצַו Dt 28:8; וַיְצַו Gn 2:16 +; sf. וִיצַוְּךָ 1 Ch 22:12, etc.; 1 s. וָאֲצַוֶּה Ezr 8:17 Qr (> Kt ואוצאה); 3 mpl. וַיְצַוּוּ Gn 50:16 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. צַוֹּת 2 S 18:5 +, etc.; Imv. ms. צַוֵּה Jos 4:16 + 2 times; צַו Lv 6:2 + 9 times; mpl. צַוּוּ Jos 1:11; 4:3; Pt. מְצַוֶּה Nu 32:25 +; cstr. מְצַוֵּה Is 55:4, etc.; f. מְצַוָּה Gn 27:8;— 1. a. lay charge upon, c. עַל pers., Gn 2:16 (J) 28:6 (P) 1 K 2:43; 11:11; Am 2:12; Je 35:6 + 6 times; עַל rei, עַל הֶעָבִים אֲצַוֶּה מֵהַמְטִיר Is 5:6, cf. Jb 36:32, צ׳ עַל־חָגָב 2 Ch 7:13. b. give charge to, command to c. לְ pers. Ex 1:22 (E) 1 S 20:29; 1 Ch 22:17; Is 13:3; Jer 32:23; ψ 105:8 תּוֹרָה צ׳ לָנוּ מֹשֶׁה Dt 33:4, cf. Ne 9:14; צַו לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ 2 K 20:1 give charge to the household (in preparation for death) = Is 38:1 (cf. NH, B.Bath. ^{151 b}, צַוָּאָה ‘verbal will’ Id 147a). c. give charge unto, c. אֶל pers. Ex 16:34 (P), 1 K 11:10; וַיְצַו אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ 2 S 17:23 (cf. b). d. give charge over, appoint, c. acc. pers. + עַל rei, Ne 7:2; 1 Ch 22:12, נָגִיד עַל (לִהְיוֹת) צ׳ appoint one (to be) ruler over 2 S 6:21; 1 K 1:35; c. לנגיד 1 S 13:14; 25:30; שׁפטים על 2 S 7:11 = 1 Ch 17:10; c. inf. (no על), לִרְעוֹת עמי 2 S 7:7 = 1 Ch 17:6; וְצִוִּיתָה אֹתוֹ לְעֵינֵיהֶם Nu 27:19 (P) and thou shalt install him in their sight, cf. v 23 (P). e. give one charge, command (often עַל concerning), Gn 12:20 (J), Nu 8:22 (P), 2 S 14:8; 18:5; Je 7:22; 39:11; Is 45:12 (AV RV Che Ry^Kau; > Ges Ew Di Du al. as d), 10:6 (al. against), Na 1:14 (al. id.); c. לְ Nu 9:8; 32:28 (P), ψ 91:11 La 1:17 Est 3:2; c. אֶל Is 23:11 Je 47:7. 2. charge, command: a. c. acc. pers. + rei, often, especially of the law: Deut. phrases are אשׁר אנכי מצוךָ Ex 34:11 (J), Dt 4:40; 6:2, 6 + 18 times Dt, cf. 15:15; אשׁר אנכי מצוה אתכם Dt 4:2^(×2) + 9 times Dt; †הַדֶּרֶךְ אשׁר ע׳ Dt 13:6; Ex 32:8 (E) Dt 5:30; 9:12, 16; 11:28; 31:29. b. c. acc. pers. + obj. clause, e.g., Inf. Gn 50:2 +; ו consec. Pf. 18:19 (J), Nu 35:2 (P); ו consec. Impf. 2 S 4:12; 1 K 2:46; weak ו c. Impf. Ex 27:20 (P) Jos 4:16; Imv. Jos 1:9; 1 S 18:22. c. acc. pers., acc. rei om., Ex 18:23 (E) Gn 49:33 (P) +; obj. given after לֵאמֹר Gn 26:11; 32:18, 20; Lv 6:2 +; וַיֹּאמֶר, etc., Gn 28:1; 49:29 +. d. acc. rei, acc. pers. om., צ׳ לעולם בריתוֹ ψ 111:9; †זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר צ׳ י׳, Ex 16:16, 32; 35:4; Lv 8:5; 9:6; 17:2; Nu 30:2; 36:6 (P); obj. cl., Lv 8:34 (P), 13:54 (P); Gn 42:25 (E), 1 K 5:20; Ju 4:6 e. abs. Gn 50:16 (E), La 3:37. 3. charge, command, acc. pers. in phr. כַּאֲשֶׁר צ׳ Ex 23:15 (E) Gn 7:9 (P) +; ככל אשׁר צ׳ Gn 7:5 (J) Ex 29:35 (P) +; כאשׁר צ׳ י׳ משֶׁה Ex 12:28, 50; 39:1, 5 + 37 times P; ככל אשׁר צ׳ י׳ משׁה 39:32, 42 + 5 times P; †לכל אשׁר צ׳ Jos 1:18; 22:2 Je 35:8; acc. pers. om. כאשׁר צ׳ Ex 7:10 Nu 32:25 (P) +; ככל אשׁר צ׳ 2 K 11:9 = 2 Ch 23:8 +; †לכל אשׁר צ׳ Ex 36:1 (P). †4. charge, with command to others, commission, a. acc. pers. + אֶל pers. (sometimes + acc. rei) Ex 6:13; 25:22; Lv 27:34 (P) Dt 1:3; Je 27:4 Est 4:10; acc. pers. om. Gn 50:16 (E) Est 3:12; 8:9. b. בְּיַד of agent, + אֶל, Nu 15:23; 36:13 (P); אֶל om. Lv 8:36 (P), Ezr 9:11; Ne 8:14. c. acc. pers. + עַל for אֶל Ezr 8:17; 1 Ch 22:13; Mal 3:22; Est 4:5. d. c. acc. rei, וצ׳ בִּרְכָתִי לְ Lv 25:21 (P) and I will command my blessing to you, c. אִתְּךָ Dt 28:8, cf. ψ 133:3; צ׳ חסדוֹ 42:9, בֹּקֶר Jb 38:12, נָחָשׁ, חֶרֶב Am 9:3, 4. †5. command, appoint, ordain, of divine act: in creation Is 45:12 ψ 33:9; 148:5, providence 2 S 17:14; Am 6:11; 9:9; Jb 37:12 ψ 78:23; Is 34:16, redemption ψ 7:7; 44:5; 68:29; 71:3; so of idol Is 48:5 (‖ עשׂה).

†Pu. Pf. 3 ms. צֻוָּה Nu 3:16; 36:2; 2 ms. צֻוֵּיתָה Gn 45:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְצֻוֶּה Ex 34:34;—be commanded, i.e. receive command, subj. pers., Gn 45:19 (E), c. בְּ by whom Nu 36:2 (P); אשׁר צ׳ Ex 34:34 (P), כִּי־כֵן צ׳ Lv 8:35; 10:13 (P), כאשׁר צ׳ Nu 3:16 (P) Ez 12:7; 24:18; 37:7.

† צִיּוּן n.m. sign-post, monument (NH id. (צִיֵּין Pi. denom.); prob. from √ in orig. physical sense, v. especially Arabic صُوَّةٌ, صَوَّانٌ Syriac ܨܘܳܝܳܐ, cf. Schulth^{Hom. Wurz. 57} Kö^{ii. 1. 154}; > √ צין Buhl);—abs. צ׳, grave-stone 2 K 23:17; sign-post Ez 39:15; guide-posts, pl. צִיֻּנִים Je 31:21 (‖ תַּמְרוּרִים).

מִצְוָה₁₈₁ n.f. commandment;—מ׳ Pr 6:23 +; cstr. מִצְוַת Jos 22:3 +; sf. מִצְוָֽתְךָ Dt 26:13 ψ 119:96; מִצְוָתוֹ Nu 15:31; pl. מִצְוֹת abs. Lv 26:14 + (מִצְווֹת Ne 9:14); cstr. 4:2 +; sf. מִצְוֹתַי Gn 26:5 +, etc.;—not used before D and Je; in Je only of man’s commands; not Ez nor Minor Proph., except Mal;—

1. commandment, of man: king, 1 K 2:43; 2 K 18:36 = Is 36:21; 2 Ch 8:15 + 14 times; מ׳ אב Je 35:14, 16, 18; Pr 6:20; מ׳ אנשׁים Is 29:13; pl. only Je 35:18; Pr 10:8; Ne 10:33; המצוה, the order (title of property) Je 32:11.

2. of God: a. sg. the commandment, code of law: 2 Ch 8:13 Ezr 10:3 ψ 19:9; especially of D שׁמר המ׳ Dt 8:1, 2 + 5 times D; עשׂח המ׳ Dt 6:25; 15:5; (ה)מ׳ אשׁר צוּה Dt 26:13; 30:11; 31:5; סוּר מִן המ׳ Dt 17:20; מ׳ הֵפַר Nu 15:31 (P); ‖ תּוֹרָה Ex 24:12 (R^D) Jos 22:5 (D) 2 Ch 14:3; 31:21; + חֻקִּים, מִשְׁפָּטִים Dt 5:28; 6:1 +. b. pl. of commands of D and later codes (exc. Ju 3:4) c. 2 pl. (ye shall, shall not; Br^{Hex 197, 246 ff.}), Lv 4:2 + 5 times (P), Is 48:18 + 25 times (late; especially ψ 119, 20 times); שׁמר מ׳ Ex 20:6 (R) Lv 22:31 (H) Dt 4:2 + 10 times D, 1 K 14:8; 2 K 18:6 + 5 times; עשׂה מ׳ Lv 26:14 (H) + 5 times; שׁמע מ׳ Dt 11:13 + 4 times; המ׳ אשׁר צוּה Lv 27:34 (H); עבר מ׳ Dt 26:13; 2 Ch 24:20; עזב מ׳ 1 K 18:18; 2 K 17:16; Ezr 9:10; הפר מ׳ Ezr 9:14; in combinations, especially by Redactors and late writers; order various: (1) with חֻקִּים Ex 15:26 (R^D) Dt 4:40; Ezr 7:11 +; ח׳ + משׁפטים Dt 26:17; 1 K 8:58; Ne 1:7; 10:30; + משׁפטים, תורות Ne 9:13; + תורה Ne 9:14; + עדוֹת Dt 6:17; 1 Ch 29:19; 2 Ch 34:31. (2) with חֻקּוֹת Lv 26:3 (H) Dt 6:2; 10:13 + 9 times; ח׳ + משׁפטים Lv 26:15; Dt 8:11; 11:1; 30:16; 1 K 6:12 + תורה, משׁפטים ψ 89:32, + משׁפטים, עֵדְוֹת 1 K 2:3; + תּוֹרוֹת Gn 26:5 (R^D); + עדוֹת 2 K 23:3. (3) with משׁפטים Nu 36:13 (P) 1 Ch 28:7; Ne 9:29; Dn 9:5; with תורות Ex 16:28 (R), with ערות Ne 9:34. c. of special commands of God 1 S 13:13; 1 K 13:21; 2 Ch 29:25; Ne 13:5; Mal 2:1, 4; Jb 23:12.

3. commandment, sg., of code of wisdom Pr 19:16, ‖ תורה 6:23, ‖ דבר 13:13; pl. of special commands 2:1; 3:1; 4:4; 7:1, 2.

† צַו appar. n.[m.], dub. word;—in הָלַךְ אַחֲרֵי־צָ֑ו Ho 5:11 usually command, ordinance; < 𝔊 𝔖 Che Now GASm שָׁוְא; elsewhere only צַו לָצָ֙ו צַו לָצָ֔ו (‖ קַו לָקָו קַו לָקָו), Is 28:10 in mocking mimicry of Is.’s words, and, v 13, of the unintelligible speech of י׳’s foreign agents of judgment; Ges Che^Comm. al. (cf. AV RV) render command upon command; Ew Di (carpenter’s) rule (+ קַו = line and rule), from √ צָוָה (whence צִיּוּן); Du Che^Hpt. explain as mocking sounds without sense.

† [צָוַח] vb. cry aloud (NH id.; so Assyrian ṣâḫu (?) Arabic (صيح), صَاحَ, Aramaic צְוַח, ܨܘܰܚ; Ethiopic ጸውዐ call);—

Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִצְוָ֑חוּ Is 42:11 (in joy, ‖ יָ֫רֹנּוּ).

† צְוָחָה n.f. outcry;—in distress, grief, abs. צ׳ ψ 144:14; cstr. צִוְחַת Je 14:2; sf. צִוְחָתֵךְ 46:12; abs. also Is 24:11 (c. עַל for, because of).

צול (√ of foll., cf. miṣwal (in Syria), a stone-lined hollow, or basin, for washing grain, Wetzst^{Siebe ZPV xiv (1891), 3}).

† צוּלָה n.f. ocean-deep;—Is 44:27.

† [מְצוֹלָה], מְצוּלָה n.f. depth, deep;—abs. מְצוּלָה Jb 41:23 +; pl. abs. מְצוֹלֹת Ex 15:5; Ne 9:11, מְצֹלוֹת ψ 88:7; cstr. מְצוּלוֹת Zc 10:11, מְצֻלוֹת Mi 7:19 ψ 68:23;—depth, pl. מ׳ יָם depths of the sea Mi 7:19 ψ 68:23; abs. Ex 15:5 (of Red Sea) Ne 9:11 (id.); fig. of deep distress ψ 88:7 (‖ בּוֹר תַּחְתִּיּוֹת); מ׳ יְאֹר Zc 10:11 (i.e. of Nile); sg. = the deep sea, deep, ψ 107:24; Jon 2:4; Jb 41:23 (in hyperb. descript. of crocodile); depth of marsh, swamp, בִּיוֵן מ׳ ψ 69:3 in mire of (the) depth, fig. of distress (‖ מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם), cf. מ׳ alone v 16 (‖ בְּאֵר).

† מְצֻלָה n.f. dub. word: Zc 1:8 the myrtles which are בַּמּ׳, appar. some locality about Jerus., called the basin, hollow; GASm glen or valley-bottom poss. is מְצֻלָּה, < מְצִלָּה, shadow (iii. צלל).

† [צוּם] vb. abstain from food, fast (NH id.; Arabic (صوم), صَامَ Ethiopic ጾመ: Aramaic צוּם, ܨܳܡ );—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. צַמְתָּ 2 S 12:21; 2 mpl. צַמְתֶּם Zc 7:5, sf. צַמְתֻּנִי v 5; Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫צָם 2 S 12:16, וַיָּצוֹ֑ם 1 K 21:27; 1 s. אָצוּם Est 4:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. צוּמוּ v 16; Inf. abs. צוֹם Zc 7:5; Pt. צָם 2 S 12:23; Ne 1:4;—fast, in mourning the dead 1 S 31:13 = 1 Ch 10:12; 2 S 1:12; in worship (contrition, intercession, etc.) Ju 20:26; 1 S 7:6; 2 S 12:16 (c. acc. cogn. צוֹם; ‖ בִּקֵּשׁ), v 23 and (+ בָּכָה), v 21, 22 (q.v. for explanation), Je 14:12; Zc 7:5 (+ סְפוֹד), הֲצוֹם צַמְתֻּנִי v 5 (Ges^{§ 117 x}) was it at all unto me [י׳] that ye fasted? וָאֱהִי צָם Ne 1:4 (periphr. conj.; + מִתְפַּלֵּל), cf. Ezr 8:23 (+ בִּקֵּשׁ), Est 4:16 (c. עַל pers. for whom), v 16, Is 58:3 (‖ עִנִּינוּ נַפְשֵׁנוּ), v 4 (c, ל rei), v 4; once in disappointment and vexation 1 K 21:27.

† צוֹם n.m. ^{Is 58:5} fasting, fast;—צ׳ abs. 2 S 12:16 +, cstr. Zc 8:19 (4 times); sf. צֹמְכֶם Is 58:3; pl. צוֹמוֹת Est 9:31;—fast, as acc. cogn. 2 S 12:16; public observance 1 K 21:9, 12; 2 Ch 20:3; Ezr 8:21; Je 36:9; Jon 3:5 (all obj. of קָרָא proclaim), cf. Jo 1:14; 2:15 (both obj. of קַדְּשׁוּ); יוֹם צוֹם Je 36:6, יוֹם צֹמְכֶם Is 58:3, cf. v 5 (‖ יוֹם עַנּוֹת אָדָם נַפְשׁוֹ), v 5, 6; of periodic fasts Zc 8:19^(×4) Est 9:31; act or state of fasting, נֶאֶסְפוּ בְצ׳ וּבְשַׂקִּים Ne 9:1 cf. Jo 2:12; Dn 9:3; Est 4:3; עִנֵּיתִי בַצּ׳ נַפְשִׁי ψ 35:13 cf. 69:11 (on וָאֶבְכֶּה v. Che Bae); causing physical weakness 109:24.

צוע (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic صاغ form, fashion).

† צַעֲצֻעִים n.[m.]pl. things formed, images; מַעֲשֵׂה צ׳ 2 Ch 3:10 image work (of cherubim).

† [צוּף] vb. flow, overflow, [float] (NH id.; so Aramaic טוּף, ܛܳܦ;—Arabic طَوْفٌ skin-raft is loan-wd. Frä ²²⁰);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. צָפוּ־מַיִם עַל־רֹאשִׁי La 3:54 (fig.).

Hiph. 1. Pf. cause to flow over, הֵצִיף אֶת־מֵי יַם־סוּף עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם Dt 11:4. 2. cause to float: Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּצֶף הַבַּרְזֶל 2 K 6:6.

† I. צוּף n.m. (honey-)comb (as exuding honey);—only fig.: cstr. צוּף־דְּבַשׁ Pr 16:24; pl. נֹפֶת צוּפִים ψ 19:11 (+ דְּבַשׁ), 𝔊 κηρίον, κηρία, 𝔙 favus.

† II. צוּף n.pr.m. Ephr. ancestor of Elḳanah and Samuel, בֶּן־צ׳ 1 S 1:1 (ἐν Νασειβ, 𝔊L υἱοῦ Σωφ), 1 Ch 6:20 Qr 𝔊 𝔙 (Kt ציף); appar. = צוֹפַי v 11 (Levite), Σουφ(ει): hence prob. אֶרֶץ צוּף 1 S 9:5 (in Benj., τὴν (γὴν) Σ(ε)ιφ(α)).

† צוּפִי adj.gent. Ṣuphite;—so read prob. for צוֹפִים 1 S 1:1 (We Klo Dr and most mod., after 𝔊 Σ(ε)ιφα, A Σωφιμ).

† [צָפָה] n.f. out-flow;—sf. צָפָֽתְךָ Ez 32:6 thine outflow (flowing blood), Co Bthl Toy Krae.

צוֹפַי = ii. צוּף.

צוֹפִים v. צוּפִי.

† I. [צוּץ, צִיץ] vb.

1. blossom. 2. shine, sparkle (perhaps orig. meaning of √, but connex. of 1, 2. dub.) (NH id. Hiph., fig. senses, צִיץ n. = BH);—

Qal Pf. 1. 3 ms. צָץ הַמַּטֶּה Ez 7:10 (fig.; ‖ פָּרַח הַזָּדוֹן); Impf. 3 ms. יָצִיץ ψ 90:6 (of grass, חָצִיר), 103:15 (man under fig. of flower), fig. יָצִיץ וּפָרַח יִשׂ׳ Is 27:6; 3 mpl. יָצִיצוּ ψ 72:16, וַיָּצִיצוּ 92:8 (‖ פָּרַח; both fig. of men =) flourish. 2. shine, gleam: of crown (נֵזֶר) ψ 132:18.

Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּצֵץ צִיץ Nu 17:23 it put forth blossoms (of rod;—ֵ perhaps from ‖ וַיֹּצֵא פֶרַח).

† I. צִיץ n.m. ^{Is 28:1} 1. blossom, flower. 2. shining thing;—צ׳ abs. Is 40:7 +, cstr. v 6 +; pl. צִצִּים 1 K 6:18 + 3 times 6 (on form v Kö^{ii. 1, 60});—

1. blossom, flower, Nu 17:23 (P; of Aaron’s rod); (fig. of man Is 40:7, 8 (both נָבֵל צ׳; ‖ חָצִיר), cf. sim. צִיץ הַשָּׂדֶה v 6 (‖ id.), ψ 103:15, and צ׳ alone Jb 14:2; צ׳ נֹבֵל Is 28:1 (fig. of Samaria), so prob. also v 4 (for MT צִיצַת נ׳; so Marti); פְּטוּרֵי צִצִּים, as ornaments of temple 1 K 6:18, 29, 32, 35.

2. shining thing, plate of gold, constituting the diadem on front of high priest’s mitre, Lv 8:9; Ex 28:36; 39:30 (all P).—ii, iii. צִיץ, v. p. 851 infr.

צִיצָה Is 28:4, v i. צִיץ supr.

† II. [צוּץ] vb.

Hiph. gaze, peep (NH Hiph. gaze (rare); Aramaic צִיץ gaze);—Pt. מֵצִיץ מִן־הַחֲרַכִּים Ct 2:9 (v. ח׳, p. 355).

† I. [צוּק] vb.

Hiph. constrain, bring into straits, press upon (NH צוּק be distressed (rare), Hiph. = BH; Arabic ضَاقَ (ى) be narrow, tight, so Ethiopic ጦቀ:; Aramaic עִיק, ܥܳܩ; Chr. Pal. ܨܘܩ );—Pf. 3 fs. הֵצִיקָה Ju 16:16, sf. הֱצִיקַתְהוּ 14:17, -נִי Jb 32:18 (Gi v 19); 1 s. וַהֲצִיקוֹתִ֫י consec. Is 29:2; Impf. 3 ms. יָצִיק Dt 28:53 + 2 times; 3 mpl. יָצִיקוּ Je 19:9, Pt. מֵצִיק Is 51:13^(×2) pl. מְצִיקִים 29:7;—bring into straits, by importunity c. ל pers. Ju 16:16, c. sf. pers. 14:17; constrain (to speak) Jb 32:18 (sf. pers.); elsewhere of bringing into straits a city or people, c. ל, Is 29:2, 7, so 7:6 (reading וּנְצִיקֶנָּה for MT וּנְקִיצֶנָּה), Thes Che Du Gr Marti, cf. formula בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר יָצ׳ לְ Dt 28:53, 55, 57 Je 19:9; pt. abs. הַמֵּצִיק Is 51:13^(×2) the oppressor.

† צוֹק n.[m.] si vera l., constraint, distress;—וּבְצוֹק הָעִתִּים Dn 9:25 usually in distressful times; Gr וּבְקֵץ וגו׳ (so 𝔊 [v 27] 𝔖), as beginning of v 26, omitting וְ in וְאחרי (cf. Bev Marti).

† צוּקָה n.f. pressure, distress;—national Is 8:22 (+ צָרָה), cf. אֶרֶץ צָרָה וְצ׳ 30:6; personal צָרָה וְצ׳ Pr 1:27.

† II. מוּצָק, מוּצַק n.[m.] constraint, distress;—abs. מוּצָק Is 8:23 distress; abs. also מוּצַק Jb 36:16, of distress as constraint (opp. רַחַב); רֹחַב מַיִם בְּמוּצָ֑ק 37:10, lit. in constraint (i.e. forzen).—i. מוּצָק v. יצק.

† מָצוֹק n.[m.] straitness, straits, stress;—always abs. מ׳;—כָּל־אִישׁ מ׳ 1 S 22:2 every man of straits (in straits); בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמ׳ Dt 28:53, 55, 57; Je 19:9 (all of national straits); צַר־וּמ׳ מְצָאוּנִי ψ 119:143; perhaps read מָצוֹק also 32:6, for מצא רק, cf. Du Br.

† מְצוּקָה n.f. id.;—abs. צַר וּמ׳ Jb 15:24; יוֹם צָרָה וּמ׳ Zp 1:15; pl. sf., of י׳ delivering מִמְּצוּקוֹתַי ψ 25:17, מִמְּצוּקוֹתֵיהֶם etc., 107:6, 13, 19, 28.

† II. [צוּק] vb. pour out, melt (‖ יצק);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. (according to Thes al.) צָקוּן Is 26:16, but v. infr.; Impf. 3 ms. וְאֶבֶן יָצוּק נְחוּשָׁה Jb 28:2 (read perhaps יָצוּקוּ, v. Bu) and stone (ore, men) melt it into copper; צוּר יָצוּק עִמָּדִי פַּלְגֵי־שָׁ֑מֶן Jb 29:6 the rock used to pour out beside me streams of oil.—Is 26:16 (as above) must mean they poured out (uttered) a whisper (לַחַשׁ; i.e. prayer); but form most improb.; Koppe Gr Di Du al. proposes צְקוֹן לַחַשׁ (from assumed צָקוֹן, I. צוק) = constraint of (like that of) magic; < Houb Kit צָֽעֲקוּ בְלַחַץ וגו׳, or Che^Hpt. צָעַקְנוּ מִלַּחַץ כִּי מוּסָֽרְךָ לָנוּ.

† [מָצוּק] n.m. molten support, pillar;—pl. cstr. מְצֻקֵי אֶרֶץ 1 S 2:8 the supports of the earth are י׳’s;—מָצוּק 14:5 (‘as a pillar,’ ‘steep,’ etc.) is difficult (cf. HPS); del. with 𝔊 Th Dr Bu.

I. צור (√ of foll.; cf. possibly Arabic صَارَ (و) cause to incline, lean; NH = BH (rare), so Aramaic ܨܰܘܪܳܐ (cf. Kö^{ii. 1, 90}), צַוְּרָא).

† צַוָּאר n.m. ^{ψ 75:6} neck, back of neck;—abs. צ׳ Is 8:8 +, cstr. צַוַּאר Je 28:10 + 3 times; sf. צַוָּארִי La 1:14, צַוָּרָם Ne 3:5, etc.; pl. cstr. צַוְּארֵי Ju 8:21 +; sf. צַוָּארָיו Gn 27:16 +, צַוְּארֵיכֶם Je 27:12, †צַוְּארֹתֵיכֶם Mi 2:3;—

1. neck, especially back of neck, of man, wearing chain as ornament Gn 41:42 (E), so of woman Ct 1:10, cf. Ju 5:30 (read perhaps צַוָּארַי for -רֵי), elsewhere in Gn usually pl. intens., of individual, נָפַל עַל־צ׳ 45:14 (E), 46:29; 33:4 (Qr; Kt sg.), so בָּכָה עַל־צ׳ 45:14; 46:29 (all J); חֶלְקַת צַוָּארָיו 27:16 smooth part of neck (J); neck of beautiful woman Ct 4:4; 7:5; neck as pressed by foot of conqueror Jos 10:24^(×2) (JE); place of yoke Gn 27:40 (sg.; J), Dt 28:48; Is 10:27; Je 27:2, 8, 11, 12; 28:10, 11, 12, 14; 30:8; of transgressions as yoke La 1:14; place of bonds Is 52:2; of bearing load, Ne 3:5 (fig.), hence calamity as burden Mi 2:3; neck as smitten with sword Ez 21:34; עַד־צ׳ as measurement of height (depth; in fig.) Is 8:8; 30:28; Hb 3:13; בְּצ׳ עָתָק fig. ψ 75:6 speak not with arrogant neck (si vera l.; but read perhaps בַּצּוּר against the Rock, 𝔊 κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, Bae Hup-Now Che Kau); of wicked, rushing against God Jb 15:26.—עַל־צַוָּארֵנוּ נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ La 5:5 is dubious; Matthes Löhr Bae עֹל עַל־וגו׳; Bu עֹל צַוּ׳, and הֲדָפָנוּ or יֶהְדְּפֵנוּ for נִר׳.

2. neck of animals, camels (wearing ornaments) Ju 8:21, 26; heifer Ho 10:11 (i.e. place of yoke, in fig. of Ephr.); horse Jb 39:19, crocodile 41:14.

† [צַוָּרוֹן] n.[m.] pl. necklace;—sf. אַחַד עֲנָק מִצַּוְּרֹנָ֑יִךְ Ct 4:9.

II. צוּר vb. confine, bind, besiege (NH id., wrap (rare); Aramaic צוּר besiege, beleaguer);—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְצַרְתָּ֫ Dt 14:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫צַר 1 K 20:1 +, 2 ms. תָּצוּר Dt 20:19, etc.; Imv. fs. צוּרִ֫י Is 21:2 (after עֲלִי Kö^{i. 444}, cf. Ges^{§ 72 s}); Inf. cstr. לָצוּר 1 S 23:8; Pt. pl. צָרִים 1 K 15:27 +;— 1. confine, secure (‖ I. צרר), acc. rei + ב of receptacle Dt 14:25; 2 K 5:23; Ez 5:3; complem. om. 2 K 12:11. 2. shut in, besiege, c. עַל of city 2 S 11:1; 1 K 15:27; 16:17; 20:1; 2 K 6:24, 25; 17:5; 18:9; 24:11; Is 29:3 (+ acc. of siege-works), Je 32:2; 37:5; 39:9; Dt 20:12; Ez 4:3; Dn 1:1; c. עַל pers. (Within city) 2 S 20:15; 2 K 16:5; Je 21:4, 9; c. אֶל of city (for עַל) Dt 20:19; c. אֶל pers. 1 S 23:8; c. אֵת of city only 1 Ch 20:1 (‖ 2 S 11:1 supr.); abs. Is 21:2.—הִנָּם צָרִים אֶת־הָעִיר עָלֶיךָ Ju 9:31 is corrupt; Frankenb^{Richterbuch 28} Bu GFM^Hpt Now מְעִרִים inciting against. 3. shut up, enclose: נָצוּר עָלֶיהָ לוּחַ אָ֑רֶז Ct 8:9 (על of maid [under fig. of door] + acc. mater., cf. Is 29:3 supr.); c. sf. pers. ψ 139:5 (fig., י׳ subj.).

† I. מָצוֹר n.[m.] siege-enclosure, siege, entrenchment;—always מ׳ abs., exc. cstr. מְצוֹר Ez 4:7, sf. מְצוּרֶ֑ךָ v 8;—

1. siege מ׳ שָׂם עָלֵינוּ Mi 4:14 he hath laid siege to us, cf. וְנָתַתָּ֫ עָלֶיהָ מ׳ Ez 4:2; בּוֹא בַמּ׳ is come into a state of siege Dt 20:19; 2 K 24:10; 25:2; Je 52:5, cf. וְהָֽיְתָה בַמּ׳ Ez 4:3; יוֹשֶׁבֶת֯י בַּמּ׳ Je 10:17; מְצוֹר יְרו׳ Ez 4:7 siege of Jerus., but also מ׳ עַל־יְרו׳ Zc 12:2; יְמֵי מ׳ of duration of siege Ez 4:8; 5:2; מֵי מ׳ Na 3:14 water for a siege; in phr. בְּמ׳ וּבְמָצוֹק in the siege and stress Dt 28:53, 55, 57 Je 19:9.

2. enclosure, i.e. siege-works Dt 20:20; late = rampart Zc 9:3, עִיר מ׳ entrenched city ψ 31:22 (al. besieged), 60:11 (‖ 108:11 ע׳מִבְצָר), cf. 2 Ch 8:5; עָרִים לְמ׳ 11:5, ישְׁבִים בְּמ׳ בִּירוּשָׁלַם 32:10; מ׳ Hb 2:1 according to most (‖ מִשְׁמֶרֶת); but We der. from נצר, i.e. watch-tower, Now conj. מִצְפֶּה (cf. וַאֲצַפֶּה foll.); > Buhl conj. מְצָד—מ׳ n.pr.terr. v. p. 596.

† מְצוּרָה n.f. siege-works, rampart;—abs. מ׳ Na 2:2 2 Ch 14:5; pl. מְצוּרוֹת 2 Ch 11:11 +, מְצֻרֹת Is 29:3, etc.;—

1. siege-works Is 29:3.

2. rampart נָצוֹר מ׳ Na 2:2 guard the rampart! (‖ צַפֵּה דֶרֶךְ; We Now der. from נצר, i.e. keep watch!), 2 Ch 11:11, עָרֵי מְצוּרָה 14:5 fortified cities, so עָרֵי (הַ)מְצֻרוֹת 11:10, 23; 12:4; 21:3.

† III. [צוּר] vb. shew hostility to, treat as foe (c. acc. pers.) (akin to II. צרר, to which SS assign the forms, but cf. Arabic ضَارَ (ى) act unjustly, also defraud; Syriac ܥܝܳܪܬܳܐ, rival wife);—

Qal Pf. 1 s. וְצַרְתִּ֫י אֶת־צֹרֲרֶיךָ Ex 23:22 (subj. י׳; ‖ וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ); Impf. 2 ms. אַל־תָּ֫צַר אֶת־מוֹאָב Dt 2:9; 2 mpl. sf. אַל־תְּצֻרֵם v 19; Pt. הַצָּרִים אוֹתָם Est 8:11.

† IV. [צוּר] vb. fashion, delineate (NH id.; so Aramaic צוּר, ܨܘܪ, ܨܳܪ; ܨܽܘܪܬܳܐ picture, Sab. צור, pl. צורת Hom^{Chrest. 125} Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 14, 15}; Arabic صُورَةٌ is loan-word according to Fra²⁷²);—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְצַרְתָּ֫ Ez 43:11 (for MT צוּרַת) according to 𝔊 We Sm Co Toy Berthol Krae, and thou shalt delineate the house (cf. הַגֵּד v 10, הוֹדַע וּכְתֹב v 11); Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫צַר אֹתוֹ בַּחֶרֶט Ex 32:4 (E) and fashioned it [the gold] with a graving-tool; וַיָּ֫צַר אֶת־שְׁנֵי הָעַמּוּדִים 1 K 7:15 (+ acc. mater.), read וַיִּצֹּק (יצק), so 𝔊 SS Kit Benz cf. Th; 1 s. sf. אצורך Je 1:5 Kt, v. יצר.

† [צוּרָה] n.f. form, fashion;—cstr. צוּרַת Ez 43:11 v. foreg.; sf. צוּרָתוֹ v 11 (𝔊 מִצְוֹתָיו, so Co, or תּוֹרֹתָיו, so Berthol Krae; Toy as MT); so also Kt v 11^(×2) (Qr pl. sf. צוּרֹתָיו) 2nd of these del. as dittogr. all moderns; 1st read as Kt Co Berthol, as Qr Toy; sg. sf. צוּרָם (Ges^{§ 91e} Kö ^{ii. 1, 440}) ψ 49:15 Qr (Kt צירם) their form (of the dead).

† I. [צִיר] n.m. image;—pl. צִירִים Is 45:16 = idols; sg. sf. צירם ψ 49:15 Kt their form (v. צוּרָה).

V. צור (√ of foll.; ‖ III. צרר; cf. SI ^{3, 6} צר, rock, Aramaic טוּרָא, ܛܰܘܪܳܐ hill, so Palm. pl. טוריא).

† I. צוּר n.m. ^{Jb 29:6} rock, cliff;—צ׳ abs. Ex 17:6 +, cstr. Dt 8:15 +; sf. צוּרִי 2 S 22:3, etc.; pl. צֻרִים Nu 23:9 +, צוּרוֹת Jb 28:10; cstr. צוּרֵי 1 S 24:3 (Gi v 2);—

1. a. rocky wall, cliff, Ex 17:6^(×2) (E), Dt 8:15 (צ׳ הַחַלָּמִישׁ), Is 48:21^(×2) ψ 78:15, 20; 105:41; 114:8 (‖ חַלָּמִישׁ); בּוֹא בַצּ׳ Is 2:10, בִּמְעָרוֹת צֻרִים v 19, בְּנִקְרוֹת הַצּ׳ v 21, cf. Ex 33:21, 22 (JE); yielding honey (from its clefts) ψ 81:17 (cf. Dt 32:13; Dy Perles^{Anal. 34} We read צוּף); as look-out Nu 23:9 (JE), home of goats 1 S 24:3 (Gi v 2), snow-covered Je 18:14; bearing (olives for) oil Dt 32:13 (חַלְמִישׁ צ׳), Jb 29:6; resort of homeless 24:8, pierced by miners 28:10, cf. perhaps שִׁית בְּצ׳ נְחָלִים אוֹפִיר 22:24 deposit (thy) gold in the rock of the wadys (most sub צֹר pebble); as quarry, fig. of Abr. as ancestor of Isr. Is 51:1; place of security 1 Ch 11:15, צ׳ הַמִּישׁוֹר Je 21:13 (of city), fig. ψ 27:5; 61:3; symb. of firmness Na 1:6; Jb 14:18; 18:4; enduring material 19:24. b. rock with flat surface 2 S 21:10; Pr 30:19. c. block of stone, boulder Ju 6:21; 13:19 (as altar); cf. צוּר מִכְשׁוֹל Is 8:14 (‖ אֶבֶן נֶגֶף). d. rock with specif. name, צ׳ עוֹרֵב Ju 7:25; Is 10:26.

2. a. fig. of God (33 times) as support and defence of his people (often ‖ אֱלֹהִים, י׳, etc.), צ׳ מָעֻזֵּךְ Is 17:10, צ׳ מָעוֹז ψ 31:3, צ׳ עֻזִּי 62:8, צ׳ מָעוֹן 71:3, צ׳ יְשֻׁעָתוֹ Dt 32:15 cf. 2 S 22:47 b (but del., v. ‖ ψ 18:47), ψ 89:27; 95:1, צ׳ וִישׁוּעָתִי 62:3, 7, צ׳ מַחְסִי 94:22, צ׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Is 30:29; 2 S 23:3 (personif.), צוּרִי ψ 18:3, 47 = 2 S 22:3, 47a, ψ 19:15; 28:1; 92:16; 144:1, צ׳ לְבָבִי 73:26, צוּרֵנוּ Dt 32:31, צוּרָם v 30 ψ 78:35; c. בְּ essent. בְּיָהּ י׳ צ׳ עוֹלָמִים Is 26:4 (cf. ψ 62:8; v. ב I. 7 c); as n.pr. dei (the) Rock Dt 32:4, 18 (צ׳ יְלָֽדְךָ), v 37 Hb 1:12, + (perhaps) ψ 75:6 (read בַּצּוּר, v. צַוָּאר; v. also פְּדָהצוּר). b. of a heathen god Dt 32:31, 37, cf. Is 44:8, מִי צוּר מִבַּלְעֲדֵי א׳ 2 S 22:32 ‖ ψ 18:32, cf. 1 S 2:2.—Vid. also בֵּית צוּר and חֶלְקַת הַצֻּרִים.—ψ 89:44 v. צֹר sub III. צרר, 49:15 v. צוּרָה sub IV. צור.

† II. צוּר n.pr.m. Σουρ (Rock);—

1. a prince of Midian Nu 25:15; 31:8; Jos 13:21.

2. Gibeonite 1 Ch 8:30; 9:36. צוֹר, צֹר Tyre v. p. 862.

† צוּרִיאֵל n.pr.m. (my rock is Ēl);—a Levite Nu 3:35, Σουριηλ.

† צוּרִישַׁדָּ֑י n.pr.m. Σουρ(ε)ισαδαι[ε] (my rock is Shadday);—a Simeonite Nu 1:6; 2:12; 7:36, 41; 10:19.

צוֹר Tyre v. צֹר.

צַוָּר צַוְּרֹנִים v. צַוָּאר.

[צוּת] Hiph. Is 27:4 v. יצת.

צַח v. צחה.

צִחָא v. צִיחָא.

צחה (√ of foll.; Arabic صَحَا (و) be cloudless, Ethiopic ጸሐወ, ጽሕወ: Aramaic צְחָא, צְחִי be thirsty).

† [צִחֶה] adj. intens. parched (cf. Ges^{§ 84 b c});—cstr. צִחֵה צָמָא Is 5:13 parched with thirst.

† [צָחַח] vb. be dazzling (𝔗 צַחְצַח polish; Syriac ܨܰܚ be scorched, Aph. declare in writing (make clear), ܨܰܚܺܝܚܳܐ clarus, lucidus, fulgidus; صَحْصَحَانٌ, صَحْصَحٌ, smooth, plain);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. צַחוּ מֵחָלָב La 4:7 (‖ זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג), they are more dazzling (i.e. whiter) than milk (of effeminate skin).

† צַח adj. dazzling, glowing, clear;—חֹם צַת Is 18:4 glowing heat; רוּחַ צַח Je 4:11 glowing wind; דּוֹדִי צַח וְאָדוֹם Ct 5:10 my beloved is dazzling (white) and ruddy (cf. La 4:7); fpl. לְדַבֵּר צַחוֹת Is 32:4 to speak clear (words), clearly.

† [צָחִיחַ] n.[m.] shining, glaring, surface cstr. צְחִיחַ סֶלַע i.e. a smooth, bare, rock Ez 24:7, 8; 26:4, 14; pl. בַּצְּחִיחִים Ne 4:7 Qr (Kt בַּצְּחִחִיִים), in glaring, bare places (?).

† צְחִיחָה n.f. scorched land;—צ׳ ψ 68:7.

† [צַחְצָחָה] n.[f.] scorched region;—pl. צַחְצָחוֹת Is 58:11.

צחן (√ of foll.; NH צַחֲנָה = BH; Aramaic צְחַנְתָּא stinking fluid, ܨܚܰܢ, ܨܰܚܢܳܐ foul).

† [צַחֲנָה] n.f. stench;—sf. צַחֲנָתוֹ Jo 2:20 (‖ בָּאְשׁוֹ).—cf. עפר צחנה Ecclus 11:12.

† [צָחַק] vb. laugh (Arabic ضَحِكَ, laugh, Syriac ܓܚܶܟ, cf. Ba^{ES 34}; v. also שׂחק);—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָֽחֲקָה Gn 18:13, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִצֲחַק־ Gn 21:6, וַיִּצְחָ֑ק 17:17; 3 fs. וַתִּצְחַק 18:12;—laugh, Gn 18:12, 13, 15^(×2) (J), 17:17 (P); c. ל at, concerning, 21:6.

Pi. Impf. וַיְצַחֵק Ju 16:25; Inf. cstr. לְצַחֵק Ex 32:6, (בִּי) לְצַ֫חֶק בָּנוּ Gn 39:14, 17; Pt. מְצַחֵק Gn 19:14; 26:8, מְצַחֶ֑ק 21:9;— 1. jest Gn 19:14 (J). 2. sport, play Gn 21:9 (E); Ex 32:6 (J); make sport for Ju 16:25 (לִפְנֵי; ‖ וִישַׂחֶק־לָ֑נוּ); toy with (אֶת), of conjugal caresses Gn 26:8 (cf. Doughty^{Arab. Des. i. 231}), make a toy of, c. ב, 39:14, 17 (all J).

† צְחֹק n.[m.] laughter;—צְחֹק עָשָׂה לִי א׳ Gn 21:6 (E) laughter hath God caused for me; =laughing-stock, תִּהְיֶה לְצ׳ וּלְלַעַג Ez 23:32 (del. 𝔊^B Hi Co Berthol Siegf Krae; not Toy).

יִצְחָק₁₀₈, יִשְׂחָק, n.pr.m. Ισαακ: Isaac, son of Abr. and Sarah (he laugheth, cf. play upon name Gn 18:12 f. (J), 21:6 (E), 17:17, 19 (P); 26:8 (J));—יִצְּחָק Gn 21:3, 4, 5 (E) +, 24:62, 63, 67 (J) +, 17:19, 21 (P) +, (80 times Gn, 9 times Ex, 7 times Dt), Lv 26:42; Nu 32:11; Jos 24:3, 4; 1 K 18:36; 2 Ch 13:23; 1 Ch 1:28, 34^(×2); 16:16; 29:18; 2 Ch 30:6; †יִשְׂחָק Je 33:26 ψ 105:9, and (= Israel) בָּמוֹת יִשְׂחָק Am 7:9, בֵּית יִשְׂחָק v 16.

צחר (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic صَحَرَ xi. dry up, become yellow [parched by sun], صُحْرَةٌ reddish-gray colour (v. Müll ^{Königsb. Stud. i. 6})).

† [צַ֫חַר] n.[m.] reddish-gray, tawny;—צֶמֶר צָ֑חַר Ez 27:18 wool of reddish-gray, tawny wool, or (Hi-Sm Krae), of land Ṣachar (si vera l.; Co del. צחר as dittogr.).

† [צָחֹר] adj. tawny;—fpl. אֲתֹנוֹת צְחֹרוֹת Ju 5:10.

† צֹ֫חַר n.pr.m.

1. father of Ephron the Hittite Gn 23:8; 25:9, Σααρ.

2. son of Simeon Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15, Σααρ.

3. name in Judah 1 Ch 4:7 Qr (וְצֹחַר; Kt יצחר), Σααρ, 𝔊L Εισαρ.

יִצְחָר 1 Ch 4:7 Kt, v. foregoing.

† I. צִי n.m. ^{Is 33:21} ship (loan-word from Egypt. t’aī, according to Bondi ⁶⁶, cf. Erman^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 123} DHM^{VOJ viii. 7, 165});—abs. צִי אַדִּיר Is 33:21 a majestic ship; pl. צִים Nu 24:24 (JE), Ez 30:9 (בַּצּ׳; but 𝔊 σπεύδοντες, cf. 𝔖, whence Co Berthol אָצִים).

† II. [צִי] n.m. ^{Je 50:39} a wild beast, proposes either desert-dweller (denom. from צִיָּה, so most), or crier, yelper (√* צוה = ضوى [yelp, Dozy], Ba^{NB 188}, cf. Ew^{§ 146 g, note});—in any case a specif. animal, but not certainly identif.; Bo^{Hieroz. i, lib. 3, § 14}, cp. Arabic ضَيْوَنٌ wild cat;—pl. צִיִּים Is 13:21 (f. אִיִּים v 22), 23:13; 34:14 (+ אִיִּים), Je 50:39 (id.; all betokening desolation); לְעַם לְצ׳ ψ 74:14 (read לְעַם צ׳ Hup-Now Bae); appar. of people 72:9, but prob. corrupt, Ol conj. צָרִים (‖ אֹיְבָיו), and so most moderns.

צִיבָא and (2 S 16:4) צִבָא₁₆ n.pr.m. Σ(ε)ιβα: servant of Saul’s house, 2 S 9:2^(×2) + 14 times 9, 16, 19.

† צִידוֹן and (Gn 10:15, 19; 49:3) צִידֹן n.pr.loc. Sîdôn, Σιδων, ancient Phoenician city, on coast N. of Tyre (in Assyrian Ṣidun(n)u, COT^Gloss; TelAm. Ṣiduna, Ph. צדן, Old Aramaic צידן; in Egypt. Dï-(d)u-na, WMM^{As. u. Kur. 184});—‘first-born’ of Canaan Gn 10:15 = 1 Ch 1:13; northern limit of Canaanite Gn 10:19, cf. 49:13; defined as צ׳ רַבָּה Jos 11:8 (so 19:28 infr.); also Ju 1:31; 10:6 (אֱלֹהֵי צ׳), 18:28; 1 K 17:9; named with Tyre Jos 19:28 (cf. v 29), 2 S 24:6 (cf. v 7), Is 23:2, 4 and בְּתוּלַת בַּת־צ׳ v 12 (cf. v 5, etc.), Je 25:22; 27:3; 47:4; Ez 27:8; 28:21, 22 (cf. v 2, 12), Zc 9:2; Jo 4:4.—Vid. Pietsch^{Phöniz. 54 ff.} Prutz^{Aus Phönicien (1876). 98 ff.} Rob^{BR ii. 478 ff.} de Luynes^{Voyage à la Mer Morte i. 18 ff., and Pl. vi–xi}. Bd^{Pal. 3 (1898), 313 ff.}.

† צִידֹנִי adj.gent. of foregoing;—צ׳ Ju 3:3; Ez 32:30; elsewhere pl. צִידֹנִים Dt 3:9 +, צִידוֹנִים Ju 10:12, צִדֹנִים 18:7 + 3 times; fpl. צֵדְנִיֹּת 1 K 11:1;—as subst. = Sidonians, coll. c. art. Ez 32:30; Ju 3:3; in earlier lit. appar. = Phoenicians Dt 3:9; Jos 13:4, 6; Ju 3:3; 10:12; 18:7^(×2) 1 K 5:20 (= Tyre v 15), 16:31 (if, [Jos^{Ant. viii, 13:1}] Ethb. was king of Tyre also), Ez 32:30; also עַשְׁתֹּרֶת אֱלֹהֵי צ׳ 1 K 11:5, 33, cf. 2 K 23:13; named with Tyrians 1 Ch 22:4 Ezr 3:7.

ציה, צוה (√ of foll.; Arabic صَوَا be parched, so Aramaic צְוָא, צְוִי (not 𝔗), ܨܘܳܐ (chiefly in Lexx)).

† צִיָּה n.f. dryness, drought;—abs. צ׳ Ho 2:5 +; pl. צִיּוֹת ψ 105:41;—drought Jb 24:19 (‖ חֹם); elsewhere of land (often ‖ מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה, etc.): אֶרֶץ צ׳ land of drought, desert Ho 2:5 (sim.), Je 2:6; 50:12 (fig.), 51:43; Is 41:18; 53:2 (in sim.), ψ 107:35; + צָמָא Ez 19:13 (fig.), + שְׁמָמָה Jo 2:20, + עָיֵף ψ 63:2 (fig.); צ׳ = desert Is 35:1; Zp 2:13; Jb 30:3 ψ 78:17; pl. 105:41.

† צָיוֹן n.[m.] dryness, parched ground (on format. v. Lag^{BN 204});—כְּחֹרֶב בְּצ׳ Is 25:5, בְּצ׳ 32:2 (‖ אֶרֶץ עֲיֵפָה; both in sim.).

צִיּוֹן₁₅₄ n.pr.loc. Σ(ε)ιων; Ṣîyyôn, Zion (Syriac ܨܶܗܝܘܿܢ, older form, according to Lag^{BN 84, cf. 198});—צ׳ 2 S 5:7 +; צִיּו֫נָה Je 4:6;—stronghold (of Jebusites), מְצֻדַת צ׳ captured by David, and made his residence 2 S 5:7 = 1 Ch 11:5 (both + הִיא עִיר דָּוִד), on S. part of E. hill of Jerusalem, distinct from site of temple 1 K 8:1 = 2 Ch 5:2 (both מֵעִיר ד׳ הִיא צ׳), not elsewhere in narrative, but often in poets and proph.: as name of Jerus., from political point of view (sometimes = inhabitants), Am 6:7 (‖ הַר־שֹׁמְרוֹן), ‖ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Mi 3:10, 12 = Je 26:18; Is 4:3; 30:19; 40:9; 41:27; 52:1; 62:1; 64:9 Zp 3:16; Zc 1:14, 17 ψ 51:20 and (בַּת־צ׳) Is 52:2; Mi 4:8 (‖ בַּת־יְרוּשׁ׳), La 2:13 (‖ id.), also (יוֹשֶׁבֶת צ׳) Je 51:35; = Jerus. also Is 14:32; 33:5 +, so especially in phr. בְּנוֹת צ׳ Is 3:16, 17; 4:4; Ct 3:11, בְּנֵי צ׳ La 4:2; Jo 2:23 ψ 149:2 (‖ יִשְׂרָאֵל), cf. Zc 9:13, יָֽלְדָה צ׳ אֶת־בָּנֶיהָ Is 66:8, and even הַר־צ׳ 2 K 19:31 = Is 37:32 (both ‖ יְרוּשׁ׳), Is 29:8 (‖ אֲרִיאֵל v 7), Ob 17, 21 ψ 48:12 (‖ בְּנוֹת יֶהוֹדָה), 125:1; so also הַר־בַּת צ׳ Is 16:1 and 10:32 Qr (Kt בית: ‖ גִּבְעַת־יְרוּשׁ׳); cf. מְרוֹם־צ׳ Je 31:12; in foll. הַר־צ׳ might refer to temple-hill Is 10:12 (+ יְרוּשׁ׳), 31:4 (+ גִּבְעָתָהּ = יְרוּשׁ׳ v 5), La 5:18; Jo 3:5 (+ יְרוּשׁ׳); specif. of Jerus. as abode of י׳ and place of his worship Am 1:2; Is 31:9; Zc 8:3; Mi 4:2 = Is 2:3; Jo 4:16 ψ 102:22; 135:21; 147:12 (all ‖ יְרוּשׁ׳), 76:3 (‖ שָׁלֵם); partic. of sanctuary 20:3 (‖ קֹדֶשׁ), 14:7 = 53:7 +; of Jerus. הַר־צ׳ ψ 48:3 (‖ קִרְיַת מֶלֶךְ רָ֑ב), 78:68 (‖ שֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה), Is 24:23 (‖ יְרוּשׁ׳), etc.; הַרֲרֵי צ׳ in same sense †ψ 133:3; particularly of sanctuary Is 4:5 and (‖ הַר־קָדְשִׁי) Jo 2:1; 4:17; צ׳ הַר־קָדְשִׁי ψ 2:6 is seat of king.—Vid. also בַּת־צ׳, הַר־צ׳, ישֶׁבֶת צ׳, sub בַּת, הַר, יָשַׁב.

צָיוֹן v. ציה.

צִיּוּן v. צוה.

† צִיחָא n.pr.m. an overseer of Nethinim Ne 11:21, who are called בְּנֵי צִיחָא Ezr 2:43 = בְּנֵי צִחָא Ne 7:46; Σηα, Σιααυ, Σιαλ, Σουλαι, etc.

צִיִּים, צִים v. i, ii. צִי.

צִין n.pr.loc. v. צִן.

צִינֹק v. צנק.

צִיעֹר v. צער.

ציף v. ii. צוּף.

I. צִיץ, צִיצָה v. I. [צוּץ].

† II. צִיץ n.[m.] meaning dubious; only in תְּנוּ־צִיץ לְמוֹאָב Je 48:9 usually (after AW Ra Ki al.) wings (coll.) (cf. Aramaic צִיץ wing, fin, Thes Gf al.);* cf. Perles^{Anal. 46}, who reads נוֹצִיץ (wing-) feathers (as in Aramaic); 𝔊 σημεια, whence Gie sing-post, reading צִיּוּן,—or נֵס,—(indicating flight).

† III. צִיץ n.pr.loc. in מַעֲלֵה הַצּ׳ 2 Ch 20:16; ה perhaps radical, cf. Wady Ḥaṣâṣâ, and plateau Ḥaṣâṣâ, N. of Engedi, Buhl^{Geogr. 97}; 𝔊 Ασαε, 𝔊L τῆς ἐξοχῆς Ασισα.

† צִיצִת n.f. tassel, lock (√ dub.; NH id., so 𝔗 צִיצִיתָא, Syriac ܨܽܘܨܺܝܬܳܐ; cf. Arabic نَاصِيَةٌ hair on forehead);—צ׳ abs. Nu 15:38, 39 tassel on flowing ends (כַּנְפֵי) of garments, cstr. צ׳ הַכָּנָף v 38 (v. Kennedy^{Hast. DB ii. 69, fringes}); צ׳ רֹאשִׁי Ez 8:3 lock of hair on forehead.

צִיקְלַג v. צִקְלַג.

I. ציר (√ of foll.; cf. صَارَ (ى) become, attain to, go; perhaps Sab. (Min.) ציר (cause to become), form Hom^{Chrest. 125}); on Hithp. Jos 9:4 v. [ציד] sub II. צוד.

† II. צִיר n.m. ^{Pr 25:13} envoy, messenger;—צ׳ abs. Je 49:14 +, cstr. Pr 13:17; pl. צִירִים Is 18:2; sf. צִרַיִךְ 57:9;—envoy, from Cush Is 18:2, from apostate Isr. 57:9; from י׳ Je 49:14 = Ob 1; messenger in gen. צִיר אֱמוּנִים Pr 13:17, צ׳ נֶאֱמָן 25:13.—i. צִיר v. IV. צור.

II. ציר (√ of foll.;? turn, revolve; NH צִּיר pivot (of door), hinge, so Arabic صَاىِٔرٌ (cf. سَيَّار, Dozy ^{i. 712b});* cf. Arabic صار (med. a) = turn or incline one’s face or neck, or a bough etc. Lane ¹⁷⁴⁴. perhaps Assyrian ṣirru; Aramaic צִירְתָּא, ܨܰܝܳܪܬܳܐ ).

† III. [צִיר] n.[m.] pivot (of door), hinge;—sf. הַדֶּלֶת תִּסּוֹב עַל־צִירָהּ Pr 26:14 (in ‖ of sluggard).

† IV. [צִיר] n.[m.] pang (proposes writhing);—pl. צִירִים Is 13:8; 21:3; cstr. צִירֵי 21:3; sf. צִירַי Dn 10:16, צִרֶיהָ 1 S 4:19;—pangs of childbirth 1 S 4:19, so (sim.) Is 21:3; and, of terror, 13:8 (+ חֲבָלִים), 21:3; in gen., of physical effects of mental distress Dn 10:16.

צֵל, צִלָּה v. III. צלל.

† [צָלָה] vb. roast flesh (NH id.; so Arabic صَلَا (ى), Ethiopic ጸለወ: );—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִצְלֶה צָלִי Is 44:16 he roasteth a roast; 1 s. אֶצְלֶה בָשָׂר v 19; Inf. cstr. לִצְלוֹת 1 S 2:15 give flesh (בָּשָׂר) to roast.

† צָלִי adj. et n.m. roasted, roast;—cstr. (as adj.) צְלִי־אֵשׁ (P) of flesh (בָּשָׂר) Ex 12:8, 9 (opp. מְבֻשָּׁל בַּמָּ֑יִם); abs. as subst. cogn. Is 44:16 v. [צָלָה].

† I. [צָלַח] vb. rush;—(Thes al. cp. 𝔗 צְלַח, Syriac ܨܠܰܚ, cleave, penetrate, then advance, v. foll.);—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְצָֽלְחָה consec. 1 S 10:6; 3 pl. וְצָֽלְחוּ 2 S 19:18; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְלַח Am 5:6 (v. infr.), 3 fs. וַתִּצְלַח Ju 14:6 +;—rush, וְצ׳ הַיַּרְדֵּן 2 S 19:18 they rushed into the Jordan (dub., v. Dr HPS), יִצ׳ כָּאֵשׁ בֵּית יוֹסֵף Am 5:6 lest he rush like fire upon the house of Joseph (or O house, etc. GASm; Now conj. יַצִּית בָּאֵשׁ); especially of sudden possession by (אֱלֹהִים) רוּחַ י׳, c. עַל pers. Ju 14:6 the Spirit … rushed upon him, so v 19; 15:14 1 S 10:6, 10; 11:6; c. אֶל pers. 16:13 and (of רוּחַ א׳ רָעָה) 18:10.

† II. [צָלֵחַ, צָלַח] vb. advance, prosper (NH id.; Ph. Pi. causat. in n.pr.; Arabic صَلَحَ be in good condition, cf. Sab. הצלח Sab Denkm ⁹³; Aramaic צְלַח, ܨܠܰܚ prosper);—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָלֵ֑חָה Je 12:1; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְלַח Je 13:7 +, etc.; Imv. ms. צְלַח ψ 45:5; prosper, of way of wicked Je 12:1, cf. Nu 14:41; Is 53:10; 54:17; Ez 17:9, 10; Dn 11:27; c. ל rei, = be good for anything Je 13:7, 10 Ez 15:4; subj. pers., abs., Je 22:30^(×2) Ez 17:15, ψ 45:5 be successful! וַתִּצְלְחִי לִמְלוּכָה Ez 16:13 and thou didst prosper to royalty (dub.; del. 𝔊 Co Toy; > Sta^{ZAW vi (1886), 337 f.} Krae לִמְלָאכָה i.e. harlotry).

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִצְלִיחַ Gn 24:21, 2 ms. וְהִצְלַחְתָּ֫ 1 Ch 22:11, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַצְלִיחַ Ne 2:20 +, וַיַּצְלַח 1 Ch 29:23; 2 Ch 32:30, etc.; Imv. ms. הַצְלַח 1 K 22:12 +, הַצְלִ֫יחָה Ne 1:11, יחָ֫ה—ִ ψ 118:25, etc.; Pt. מַזְלִיחַ Gn 24:42 +;— 1. make prosperous, bring to successful issue, of י׳, c. acc. of man’s way (דֶּרֶךְ), Gn 24:21, 40, 42, 56 (J), c. acc. rei Gn 39:3, 23 (J), c. acc. pers. 2 Ch 26:5, c. ל pers. Ne 1:11; 2:20; abs. send success ψ 118:25; human subj. c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ Dt 28:29; Jos 1:8 (D), Is 48:15 ψ 37:7, so prob. 1:3 (al. sub 2), 2 Ch 7:11; c. acc. מִרְמָה Dn 8:25. 2. shew, experience, prosperity, of men 1 K 22:12, 15 = 2 Ch 18:11, 14; Je 2:37 (+ ל pers. in ref. to whom) 5:28; 32:5; 1 Ch 22:11, 13; 29:23; 2 Ch 13:12; 14:6; 20:20; 24:20; 31:21; 32:30 (בְּכָל־מַעֲשֵׂהוּ), Pr 28:13; Dn 8:12 (of horn), v 24; 11:36; אִישׁ מַצְלִיחַ Gn 39:2 (J) a prosperous man; subj. דֶּרֶךְ Ju 18:5 (cf. ψ 1:3 supr.), י׳’s word Is 55:11.

III. צלח (√ of foll.; NH צְלֹחִית = BH; cf. Aramaic צְלוּחִיתָא, ܨܠܽܘܚܺܝܬܳܐ (in Lexx) flat dish; Ethiopic ጻሕል Amhar. ጽንሐ; ጽና (v. Prä^{Amh. Spr. § 65c}); Arabic صَحْنٌ, all bowl, dish; v. Frä^63.170).

† [צֵלָחָה] n.[f.] pot for cooking;—pl. צֵלָחוֹת 2 Ch 35:13 (+ סִירוֹת, דְּוָדִים).

† צַלַּ֫חַת n.f. dish;—2 K 21:13 (sim.), צַלָּ֑חַת Pr 19:24; 26:15 (v. טמן).

† צְלֹחִית n.f. jar;—צ׳ חֲדָשָׁה 2 K 2:20.

צָלִי v. צלה.

† I. [צָלַל] vb. tingle, quiver (NH צִלְצֵל whirr; Arabic صَلَّ, صَلْصَلَ; 𝔗 צְלַל; Syriac ܨܰܠ );—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. צָֽלְלוּ Hb 3:16; Impf. 3 fpl. תְּצִלֶּינָה 1 S 3:11, תִּצַּלְנָה (Ges^{§ 67g}) 2 K 21:12; Je 19:3;—tingle, of ears, at horrid sound 1 S 3:11; 2 K 21:12; Je 19:3 (all of dreadful news); of lips, quiver in terror Hb 3:16.

I. [צִלְצָל] n.[m.] whirring, buzzing;—cstr. אֶרֶץ צִלְצַל כְּנָפָ֑יִם Is 18:1 land of buzzing of (insects’) wings (so prob.; other views v. in Di).

† II. [צִלְצָל] n.[m.] spear (from whizzing);—cstr. צִלְצַל דָּגִים Jb 40:31 fish-spear, harpoon.

† צְלָצַ֑ל n.m. a whirring locust (cf. Assyrian ṣarṣaru, Arabic صَرْصَرٌ, Syriac ܨܺܝܨܪܳܐ, ܨܰܪܨܽܘܪܳܐ; Lag^{Ges Abh. 145, N. 9});—Dt 28:42 (devouring; not identif.; Tr^{NHB 313}).

† צֶלְצְלִים n.m.pl. musical instr. of percussion, cymbals (with clashing sound; NH צֶלְצַל, Aramaic צֶלְצְלִין, ܨܺܝܨܠܴܐ );—צ׳ 2 S 6:5 (+ מְנַעַנְעִים, q.v.; ‖ 1 Ch 13:8 מְצִלְתַּיִם); cstr. צִלְצְלֵי־שָׁ֑מַע ψ 150:5, צ׳ תְּרוּעָה v 5;—cf. Now^{Arch. i. 272 f.} Benz^{Archaeology 277} We^{ψψ Eng. Tr. 232}.

† [מְצִלָּה] n.f. bell (from tinkling);—pl. cstr. מְצִלּוֹת הַסּוּס Zc 14:20.

† מְצִלְתַּיִם n.f.du. cymbals (appar. later equiv. of צֶלְצְלִים where v. reff.);—מ׳ 1 Ch 13:8 (‖ 2 S 6:5 v. צֶלְצְלִים), 15:19; 16:5, 42; 25:6; 2 Ch 5:12, 13; 29:25; Ezr 3:10; Ne 12:27; -תָּ֑יִם 1 Ch 15:16, 28; 25:1.

† II. [צָלַל] vb. sink, be submerged (NH id.; Assyrian ṣalâlu, sink down, sink to rest, ii. launch (Hpt^{Prol. Assyr. Gr. liii; BAS i. 127; Ball, Gen. 53}); Ethiopic ጸለለ float, cf. Nes^{Mar. x}: Aramaic צְלַל, ܨܰܠ, are filter, clarify);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. צָֽלְלוּ כַּעוֹפֶרֶת בְּמַיִם Ex 15:10.

† III. [צָלַל] vb. be or grow dark (cf. Arabic ظَلَّ be black, ظِلٌّ shade; Ethiopic ጸlለለ be dark; Assyrian ṣillu, shade, ṣalâlu, Pi. roof over, so Sab. טֿלל [ii.], טלת ceiling, roof, Hom^{Chrest. 125}, cf. Palm. תטלילא; Old Aramaic טלל overshadow, Aramaic טְלָלָא, ܛܶܠܳܠܴܐ shadow);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. צָֽלְלוּ שַׁעֲרֵי יְר׳ Ne 13:19 the gates of Jerusalem grew dark, i.e. evening came on.

Hiph. Pt. חֹרֶשׁ מֵצַל Ez 31:3 a shadowing wood (but del. 𝔊 Co Toy Krae).

† צֵל n.m. ^{ψ 144:4} shadow;—צ׳ abs. 2 K 20:9 +, cstr. Gn 19:8 +; sf. צִלְּךָ ψ 121:5, צִלּוֹ Ez 31:6 +, also צִלְלוֹ Jb 40:22, etc.; pl. צְלָלִים Ct 2:17; 4:6; cstr. צִלְלֵי Je 6:4;—

1. shadow on dial 2 K 20:9, 10^(×2), 11 ‖ Is 38:8; צִלְלֵי־עָ֑רֶב Je 6:4, cf. Ct 2:17; 4:6; of mt. Ju 9:36.

2. shadow, shade, as protection (from sun): of branches, Ju 9:15 (in allegory), Ho 4:13; Jb 40:22; Jon 4:5, 6 and (in fig.) Ho 14:8; Ez 17:23; 31:6, 12, 17 ψ 80:11 Ct 2:3 (of refreshment, delight); of rock Is 32:2 (sim.); צ׳ קֹרָתִי Gn 19:8 shadow of my roof; of cloud Is 25:4 and (fig. of י׳’s protection 4:6; 25:4, so prob. 16:3; צ׳ כְּנָפֶיךָ shadow of thy wings, fig. of י׳’s protection ψ 17:8; 36:8; 57:2; 63:8; shade, in gen., Jb 7:2, fig. of י׳ ψ 121:5; hence = protection, defence, of city (wall) Je 48:45; of י׳ Nu 14:9 (JE), ψ 91:1 (v. also n.pr. בְּצַלְאֵל), cf. צֵל יָדוֹ Is 49:2 (covering prophet, under fig. of sword), 51:16 (covering people); of human ally Is 30:2, 3, of king La 4:20; also of wisdom Ec 7:12, money v 12.—בְּצִלָּהּ Is 34:15 appar. ref. to קִפּוֹז, but improb.; read perhaps בֵּצֶיהָ her eggs Du Che^Hpt. (Che^{Heb. Hpt.} transp. וּבָֽקְעָה וְדָֽגְרָה).

3. shadow as symb. of transitoriness of life Jb 8:9; 14:2 ψ 144:4 (כְּצֵל עוֹבֵר), Ec 6:12; 8:13; כְּצֵל נָטוּי of an individ. life near its end ψ 102:12, so כְּצֵל כִּנְטוֹתוֹ 109:23; in sim. of emaciated members, וִיצֻרַי כַּצֵּל Jb 17:7.

† צִלָּה n.pr.f. wife of Lam. Gn 4:19, 22, 23, Σελλα.

† צִלְּתַי n.pr.m. (Thes expl. as צִלַּת יָהּ);—

1. Benj., 1 Ch 8:20, Σελαθ(ε)ι.

2. צִלְתָּ֑י, Manassite, 1 Ch 12:21 (van d. H. v 20), Σεμαθει, Σιλαθα, etc.

† צַלְמָ֫וֶת n.[m.] death-shadow, deep shadow, poet. (prob. = צֵל + מָוֶת, 𝔊 (usually) σκιὰ θανάτου, cf. 𝔖 𝔙, so Thes Schwally^{Leben n. d. Tode, 194}, v. especially Nö^{ZAW xvii (1897), 183 ff.}; Ew Br and most mod. (after older comm.) read צַלְמוּת darkness, deep darkness, cp. Arabic ظَلَمَ iv, Assyrian [ṣalâmu], Ethiopic ጸልመ be black, dark);—death-shadow, cf. ظُلْمَةٌ 6, often ‖ חֹשֶׁךְ, לַיְלָה, etc., and opp. בֹּקֶר, אוֹר.

1. = deep shadow, darkness (cf. הַרְרֵי אֵל, אַרְזֵי אֵל): Am 5:8; Jb 3:5; 12:22; 24:17a; 28:3; 34:22; of eyes heavy with weeping 16:16; בַּלְהוֹת צ׳ 24:17b terrors of the darkness.

2. fig. a. of distress Je 13:16 ψ 107:10, 14; אֶרֶץ צ׳ Is 9:1. b. of extreme danger Je 2:6 ψ 23:4; 44:20.

3. characterizing world of the dead, אֶרֶץ חֹשֶׁךְ וצ׳ Jb 10:21, כְּמוֹ אֹפֶל צ׳ v 22 (text dub., v. Bu Du); וְשַׁעֲרֵי צ׳ 38:17 (𝔊 πυλωροὶ δὲ ᾅδου; ‖ שַׁעֲרֵי־מָ֑וֶת).

צִלְלוֹ, צְלָלִים, צִלְלֵי v. צֵל.

† הַצְּלֶלְפּוֹנִי n.pr.f. in Judah (give shade, thou that turnest to me!) 1 Ch 4:3, Εσηλεββων, etc.

IV. צלל (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; Ethiopic መጸለት: is unleavened bread (Di ¹²⁵⁷ as pure, unfermented, cf. ܨܰܠ sub II. צלל), more prob. would be designation of shape).

† צלול Kt, צְלִיל Qr n.m. cake, round loaf;—צ׳ לֶחֶם שְׂעֹרִים Ju 7:13 (cf. GFM).

צלם (√ of foll.; Nö^{ZMG xl (1886), 733 f.} cp. Arabic صَلَمَ cut off (e.g. an ear, a nose);—NH צֶלֶם = BH, so Assyrian ṣalmu, Sab. צלם Gildemeister^{ZMG xxiv (1870), 180} CIS ^{iv, no. 2, 1. 4}, Aramaic צַלְמָא, ܨܰܠܡܳܐ, Old Aramaic צלמא, so Nab. Palm. (also צלמתא of woman’s statue)).

† צֶ֫לֶם n.m. ^{Ez 16:17} image (something cut out, cf. פֶּסֶל; Nö ‘Schnitzbild’);—צ׳ abs. ψ 39:7, cstr. Gn 1:27 +; sf. צַלְמוֹ v 27; 5:3, צַלְמֵנוּ 1:26, צַלְמָם ψ 73:20; pl. cstr. צַלְמֵי 1 S 6:5^(×2) +, sf. צְלָמָיו 2 K 11:18; 2 Ch 23:17, צַלְמֵיכֶם Am 5:26;—

1. images of tumours and mice (of gold) 1 S 6:5^(×2), 11; especially of heathen gods Am 5:26 (text dub.; del. We as gloss, cf. GASm Dr), 2 K 11:18 = 2 Ch 23:17 (both c. vb. שִׁבְּרוּ), Ez 7:20, so צ׳ זָכָר 16:17 (i.e. in male form, according to fig. of harlotry for idolatry); צַלְמֵי מַסֵּכֹתָם Nu 33:52 their molten images; of painted pictures of men Ez 23:14.

2. image, likeness, of resemblance, בְּצ׳ (בָּרָא) עָשָׂה, of God’s making man in his own image, Gn 1:26 (‖ כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ), v 27:27; 9:6, כְּצ׳ 5:3 (‖ בִּדְמוּתוֹ; all P).

3. fig. = mere, empty, image, semblance, בְּצ׳ ψ 39:7 as (ב essentiae) a (mere) semblance man walks about; צַלְמָם תִּבְזֶה 73:20 thou wilt despise their semblance.

† I. צַלְמוֹן n.pr.mont.

1. הַר־צ׳ Ju 9:48 near Shechem, not identif., cf. GFM, Buhl^{Geogr. 100}; Ερμων (erron.).

2. snow-capped mt. ψ 68:14, prob. E. of Jordan (in Ḥauran according to Wetzst, cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 118}), Σελμων.

† II. צַלְמוֹן n.pr.m. a hero of David 2 S 23:28 (= עִילַי 1 Ch 11:29), (Σ)ελλω, 𝔊L Ελιμαν.

צַלְמָוֶת v. III. צלל.

† צַלְמֹנָה n.pr.loc. station of Isr. in wilderness Nu 33:41, 42, Σελμωνα.

צַלְמֻנָּע₁₂ n.pr.m. a king of Midian, + זֶבַח, Ju 8:5 + 10 times Ju 8, ψ 83:12, Σελμανα, Σαλμ.

I צלע (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَلَعَ, decline, deviate, ضَلِعٌ curved; NH צֵלָע = BH, So Arabic ضِلَعٌ Assyrian ṣêlu, Biblical Aramaic עֲלַע, עִילְעָא, Syriac ܐܶܠܥܳܐ ).

צֵלָע₄₁ n.f.(m. 1 K 6:34, and appar. Ex 26:26) rib, side;—abs. צ׳ Gn 2:22 +, cstr. צֶ֫לַע Ex 26:26 +, also צֵ֫לַע 2 S 16:13; sf. צַלְעוֹ Ex 25:12 +; pl. צְלָעִים 1 K 6:34, צְלָעוֹת v 3 +; cstr. צַלְעֹת Ez 41:26 +; sf. צַלְעֹתָיו Gn 2:21 +;—

1. rib of man Gn 2:21, 22 (J).

2. rib of hill, i.e. ridge, or terrace 2 S 16:13.

3. side-chambers or cells (enclosing temple like ribs) 1 K 6:5, 6 (read הַצּ׳ for היצוע, v. [יָצִיעַ]), 7:3, so of Ezek.’s temple Ez 41:5 + 10 times 41 (on text v. Co Toy Krae).

4. ribs of cedar and fir, i.e. planks, boards (pl.), of temple wall 1 K 6:15, 16, floor v 15.

5. leaves of door v 34.

6. (in P) side, of ark (אֲרוֹן) Ex 25:12^(×2), 14 = 37:3^(×2), 5; of tabern. (מִשְׁכָּן) 26:20 (‖ פֵּאָה v 18), v 26, 27^(×2) = 36:25 (‖ פ׳ v 23), v 31, 32, 26:35^(×2); of altar 27:7 = 38:7, 30:4 = 37:27.—Je 20:10; Jb 18:12 v. צֶלַע sub II. צלע.

† צֵלַע n.pr.loc. in Benj. Jos 18:28, A 𝔊L Σελα[(ε)λαφ]; burial-place of Saul 2 S 21:14 (צֵלָׄע), ἐν τῇ πλευρᾷ; poss. = TelAm. Zilu, so Zim^{ZA vi. 258} Jastr^{JBL xi (1892), 105} (Wkl, however, thinks of סלע).

† II. [צָלַע] vb. limp (Arabic ظَلَعَ, Aramaic טלע Aph.);—

Qal Pt. צֹלֵעַ עַל־יְרֵכוֹ Gn 32:32 (J; of Jacob); f. הַצֹּלֵעָה as subst., of personif. Judah as flock [צֹאן] Mi 4:6, 7; Zp 3:19.

† צֶ֫לַע n.[m.] limping, stumbling;—fig. of calamity, abs. לְצ׳ ψ 38:18 I am ready (נָכוֹן) for stumbling (and falling); sf. בְּצַלְעִי ψ 35:15 at my stumbling; שֹׁמְרֵי צ׳ Je 20:10 watchers of my stumbling; אֵיד נָכוֹן לְצַלְעוֹ Jb 18;12 ruin is ready for his stumbling.—Vid. also צֵלָׄע cstr.

† צָלָף n.pr.m. (NH caper-plant );—father of a wall-builder Ne 3:30, Σελε(φ), etc.

† צְלָפְחָד n.pr.m. of Manasseh, Nu 26:33^(×2); 27:1, 7; 36:2, 6, 10, 11 Jos 17:3 1 Ch 7:15^(×2), Σαλπααδ, etc.

† צֶלְצַח n.pr.loc. in Benj. 1 S 10:2 (si vera l.; prob. crpt. (Dr); HPS conj. מִצֵּלַע, cf. 2 S 21:14).

I, II. [צִלְצָל], צְלָצַ֑ל, צֶלְצְלִים v. I. צלל.

† צֶ֫לֶק n.pr.m. Ammonite hero of David 2 S 23:37 = 1 Ch 11:39, Ελειε, Σελ(λ)η(κ), Σαλααδ, etc.

צִלְּתַי v. III. צלל.

† [צָמֵא] vb. be thirsty (NH = BH (rare); so Arabic ظَمِىَٔ, Ethiopic ጸምአ Assyrian ṣûmu, thirst, etc.);—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָֽמְאָה ψ 42:3; 63:2; 2 fs. וְצָמִת consec. Ru 2:9 (Ges^{§ 75 qq}); 1 s. צָמֵתִי Ju 4:19 (Ges^{§ 74k}); 3 pl. צָֽמְאוּ Is 28:21; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּצְמָא Ex 17:3; Ju 15:18; 3 mpl. יִצְמָ֑אוּ Is 49:10, וַיִּצ׳ Jb 24:11; 2 mpl. תִּצְמָ֑אוּ Is 65:13;—be thirsty Ju 4:19; 15:18; Ru 2:9; Is 48:21; 49:10 (‖ יִרְעָ֑בוּ), 65:13 (‖ תִּרְעָ֑בוּ) Jb 24:11; c. ל rei, Ex 17:3 (E); fig. צָֽמְאָה נַפְשִׁי לֵאלֹהִים ψ 42:3 my soul thirsteth for God, cf. 63:2.

† צָמָא n.[m.] thirst;—abs. צ׳ Ex 17:3 +, sf. צְמָאִי ψ 69:22, etc.;—Ex 17:3 (E), Ju 15:18; Ho 2:5; Am 8:13; La 4:4; Ne 9:20 ψ 69:22; ‖ רָעָב Is 5:13 (van d. H. צָמָה), Dt 28:48; Ne 9:15; 2 Ch 32:11; of wild asses ψ 104:11, of fish וְתָמֹת בַּצּ׳ Is 50:2, but read perhaps (or בַּצְּמֵאָה) וּבְהֶמְתָּם בַּצָּמֵא Gunk^{Schöpf. 98} Che^Hpt. Marti (cf. Is 44:3 sub foll.); fig. of grief of exile Is 41:17, cf. אֶרֶץ צִיָּה וְצָמָא Ez 19:13; c. ל, thirst for water Am 8:11.—בַּצּ׳ Je 48:18 is prob. corrupt; read perhaps לַאַרֶץ (Gie), or בֶּעָפָר.

† צָמֵא adj. thirsty;—abs. צ׳ Is 21:14 +; fs. צְמֵאָה Dt 29:18; pl. צְמֵאִים ψ 107:5;—thirsty, usually + (or ‖) רָעֵב: 2 S 17:29; Pr 25:21 ψ 107:5, as subst. thirsty one Is 29:8; 32:6; so also 21:14, and (fig. of thirst for י׳’s favour) 55:1; צָמֵא 44:3 = thirsty place (Gunk^l.c. proposes צְמֵאָה); הָרָוָה אֶת־הַצְּמֵאָה Dt 29:18 the watered (plant, herbage) with the thirsty, fig. of entire people.

† צִמְאָה n.f. parched condition;—Je 2:25 spare thy throat מִצ׳, from being parched (in fig.).

† צִמָּאוֹן n.[m.] thirsty ground;—abs. צ׳ Dt 8:15; Is 35:7 ψ 107:33.

† [צָמַד] vb. bind, join (Arabic ضَمَدَ bind, wind, specif. of girl with two lovers We^{GGN 1893, 470}; fasten (cattle) to yoke Dozy, مِضْمَد yoke, id.; Assyrian ṣamâdu, bind, harness, so Ethiopic ፀመደ: iii. i be attached, attach oneself, specif. be (religiously) devoted; Aramaic צְמַד, ܨܡܰܕ, bind);—

Niph. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּצָּ֫מֶד Nu 25:3; 3 mpl. וַיִּצָּֽמְדוּ ψ 106:28; Pt. pl. נִצְמָדִים Nu 25:5; join, attach, oneself to (ל) Baal Peor, i.e. adopt his worship Nu 25:3, 5 (JE), whence ψ 106:28.

Pu. Pt. f. מְצֻמֶּ֫דֶת 2 S 20:8 a sword bound upon (עַל) his lions.

Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. תַּצְמִיד מִרְמָה ψ 50:19 thy tongue combineth (fitteth together, frameth) deceit (> denom. from צֶמֶד Gerber¹⁷⁰).

† צֶ֫מֶד n.m. ^{1 K 19:19} couple, pair;—צ׳ cstr. Ju 19:3 +; sf. צִמְדּוֹ Je 51:23; pl. צְמָדִים 1 K 19:19; 2 K 9:25 (but v. infr.); cstr. צִמְדֵּי Is 5:10 (Ges^{§ 93 m});—

1. couple, pair, usually of animals, צ׳ חֲמֹרִים Ju 19:3, 10; 2 S 16:1; צ׳ (הַ)בָּקָר span of oxen 1 S 11:7; 1 K 19:21, pl. of more than one span v 19 (ploughing), Jb 1:3; 42:12; צֶמֶד פְּרָדִים 2 K 5:17; צ׳ פָּרָשִׁים Is 21:7, 9 a pair of horsemen; pl. also of one pair of riders 2 K 9:25 (but read prob. צֶמֶד, so Kit); צ׳ alone = span (of oxen) Je 51:23.

2. a measure of land (only square measure in OT) like acre; orig. appar. what a span can plough (in a day; v. Now^{Arch. i. 202} Benz^{Arch. 208}; cf. mod. faddân, = what can be ploughed in a season Schumacher^{ZPV xii (1889), 163 f., Across Jordan 22}, or in a day Bergheim^{PEQ, 1894, 192}, Ency. Bib.^ACRE), צ׳ שָׂדֶה 1 S 14:14 (on text v. Dr HPS); צִמְדֵּי־כֶרֶם Is 5:10.

† I. צָמִיד n.m. ^{Gn 24:22} bracelet (bound on wrist);—abs. צ׳ Nu 31:50; pl. צְמִידִים Gn 24:22 +,—bracelet Gn 24:22, 30, 47 (J), Nu 31:50 (P); in fig. Ez 16:11; 23:42.

† II. צָמִיד n.[m.] cover, of vessel, Nu 19:15.

צַמָּה v. צמם.

† צָמַח vb. sprout, spring up (NH id., so 𝔗 צְמַח; Syriac ܨܡܰܚ spring or shine forth, ܨܶܡܚܳܐ shining, also sprout; Ph. צמח posterity);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. צָֽמַח־בּוֹ Lv 13:37; 3 pl. וְצָֽמְחוּ consec. Is 44:4; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְמַח Jb 5:6, 3 fpl. תִּצְמַחְנָה Is 42:9, etc.; Pt. צֹמֵחַ Ex 10:5, צוֹמֵחַ Ec 2:6; fpl. צֹמְחוֹת Gn 41:6, 23;—sprout, spring up: 1. of plants, trees, etc. Gn 2:5; Ex 10:5 (both J), Gn 41:6, 23 (E), Ez 17:6 (in fig.); once (late) יַעַר צוֹמֵחַ עֵצִים Ec 2:6 wood sprouting with trees (full of growing trees); fig. of future ruler (v. צֶמַח) Zc 6:12, posterity Is 44:4, cf. Jb 8:19, trouble (עָמָל) 5:6, truth (אֱמֶת) ψ 85:12, restoration (אֲרֻכָֽתְךָ) Is 58:8, future events Is 42:9. 2. of hair Lv 13:37 (P; cf. Pi.).

Pi. grow abundantly, always of hair;—Pf. 3 ms. צִמֵּחַ Ez 16:7 (in fig.): Impf. 3 ms. יִצַמַּח 2 S 10:5 = 1 Ch 19:5 (of beard); Inf. cstr. לְצַמֵּחַ Ju 16:22 (Samson’s hair).

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. וְהִצְמִיחָהּ Is 55:10; Impf. 3 ms. יַצְמִיחַ 2 S 23:5; Is 61:11, וַיַּצְמַח Gn 2:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְהַצְמִיחַ Jb 38:27; Pt. מַצְמִיחַ ψ 104:14; 147:8;— 1. cause to grow, c. acc. of plant, subj. י׳ Gn 2:9 ψ 104:14, cf. Jb 38:27, c. 2 acc. ψ 147:8 who causeth mts. to sprout grass; fig., obj. צֶמַח צְדָקָה Je 33:15; horn (קֶרֶן) of Isr. Ez 29:21, of David ψ 132:17; righteousness, etc. Is 61:11b; cf. also 2 S 23:5 (if interrog., v. Dr Bu; otherwise HPS); subj. ground Gn 3:18 cf. Is 61:11a (sim.), Dt 29:22 (obj. om.); also (fig.) Is 45:8 (cf. Di Kit). 2. of rain, cause the earth to sprout (abs.), Is 55:10.

† צֶ֫מַח n.m. ^{Je 23:5} sprout, growth;—abs. צ׳ Ho 8:7 +, צֶ֑מַח Zc 3:8; cstr. צֶ֫מַח Gn 19:25 +; sf. צִמְחָהּ Ez 17:9 +;—

1. coll. sprouting, growth, צ׳ הָאֲדָמָה Gn 19:25 (J), צ׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Ez 16:7 (sim.), cf. Is 61:11 ψ 65:11; so צ׳ יהוה Is 4:2, צ׳ abs. Ho 8:7; growth (= foliage) of vine, טַרְפֵּי צ׳ Ez 17:9.

2. process of growth, of vine, עֲרֻגֹת צִמְחָהּ Ez 17:10 = the beds where it grew.

3. future ruler, under fig. of sprout from Davidic tree (cf. ψ 132:17) וַהֲקִמֹתִי לְדָוִד צ׳ צַדִּיק Je 23:5 a righteous sprout, shoot, = אַצְמִיחַ לְדָוִד צ׳ צְדָקָה 33:15; hence (as n.pr.) עַבְדִּי צ׳ Ze 3:8, of Joshua אִישׁ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ 6:12.

צַמִּים v. צמם.

צְמִיתֻת v. צמת.

צמם (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَمَّ draw together, or صَمَّ bandage (a wound), be compact; NH צִמְצֵם press; 𝔗^Jer Palp. Ithpalp. veil (?denom.)).

† צַמָּה n.f. woman’s veil; sf. צַמָּתֵךְ;—Is 47:2 Ct 4:1, 3; 6:7.

† צַמִּים n.m. doubtful word, usually snare, trap (from ‖ פַּח Jb 18:9);—וְשָׁאַף צ׳ חֵילָם Jb 5:5 and a snare snappeth at their wealth (so Bu Bev^{JPhil. xxvi, 304 f.}; Vrss Di Du and most mod. צְמֵאִים, or צָמֵא, the thirsty, sometimes with change of וְשָׁאַף); 18:9 (‖ פַּח; Che^{JQ ix (1897), 578} צִירִים pangs, cf. Is 13:8).

† [צָמַק] vb. dry up, shrivel (NH id.; 𝔗^J Nu 6:3 צְמִיקִין, for יְבֵשִׁיּם);—

Qal Pt. act. pl. שָׁדַיִם צֹמְקִים Ho 9:14 shrivelling breasts (of women; ‖ רֶחֶם מַשְׁכִּיל).

† [צִמּוּק] n.m. ^{1 S 30:12} bunch of raisins (dried grapes);—pl. צִמֻּקִים 1 S 25:18; 30:12, צִמּוּקִים 2 S 16:1; 1 Ch 12:41 (van d. H. v 40).

צמר (√ of foll.; NH צֶמֶר = BH; Ethiopic ፀምር: Aramaic עַמְרָא, ܥܶܡܪܳܐ; Palm. עמרא).

† צֶ֫מֶר n.m. Ez 44:17 wool;—abs. צ׳ Is 1:18, צָ֑מֶר Lv 13:48; cstr. צֶ֫מֶר Ez 27:18 (v. infr.); sf. צַמְרִי Ho 2:7, 11;—wool (usually c. פִּשְׁתִּי(ם) flax, linen): in natural state גִּזַּת הַצּ׳ Ju 6:37, אֵילִים צ׳ 2 K 3:4 (but constr. difficult, and צ׳ perhaps gloss); Ho 2:7, 11 (as gift of value); white Is 1:18 (sim.; ‖ שֶׁלֶג), sim. of snow ψ 147:16 (from white flakes); white (?) wool as merchandise Ez 27:18 (צ׳ צָ֑חַר, but on text v. צַּ֫חַר), Pr 31:13; prey of moth Is 51:8 (sim.); made up into garments Dt 22:11, בֶּגֶד צ׳ Lv 13:47, 59 cf. v 48, 52; בֶּגֶד om. Ez 34:3; 44:17.

† צַמֶּ֫רֶת n.f. tree-top (poss. from woolly, feathery, appearance);—צ׳ cstr., of cedar (in fig.) Ez 17:3, 22, so sf. צַמַּרְתּוֹ 31:3, 10; of tall trees in gen., צַמַּרְתָּם v 14.

† צְמָרִי adj. gent. c. art. as subst. coll. (people of the city called Ṣimirra by Assyrian, COT^Gn Dl^{Pa 281 f.}, Egyptian Ḏa-(m)-ma-rḁ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 187}; TelAm. Ṣumur according to Zim^{ZPV xiii (1890), 145} Jastr^{JBL xii (1893), 63}; Gk. τὰ Σίμυρα, etc., e.g. Strabo^{xvi, 2, 12}, > Wkl^{MVG 1896, 203 f., cf. TelAm. 40} thinks צ׳, Σίμυρα, = Assyrian Zimarra, distinct from Ṣimirra-Ṣumur);—הַצּ׳ Gn 10:18 = 1 Ch 1:16, 𝔊 τὸν Σαμαραῖον; Ez 27:11 Co reads וּצְמָרִים for וְגַמָּדִים (q.v.); Toy Krae retain וְג׳;—cf. mod. Ṣumra, N. of Tripoli and S. of Ruad (Arvad), v. Pietschm^{Phön. 39} Bäd^{Pal. 3 (1898), 407}.

† צְמָרַיִם n.pr.loc.

1. in Benj. Jos 18:22, Σαρα, A Σεμριμ, 𝔊L Σαμαρειμ, perhaps Es-samra, N. of Jericho Buhl^{Geogr. 180}.

2. הַר־צ׳ mt. in Ephraim 2 Ch 13:4, Σομορων, unknown.

† [צָמַת] vb. put an end to, exterminate, poet. and (in Qal, Pi.) hyperb. (proposes compress, NH id., press together; Arabic صَمَتَ is be silent, ii, iv. make speechless, silence; Syriac ܨܡܰܬ be silent (in Lexx));—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. צָֽמְתוּ … חַיָּ֑י La 3:53 they have put an end to my life (Bu conj. Pi.).

Niph. be ended, annihilated; Pf. 1 s. נִצְמַתִּי מִפְּנֵי־חשֶׁךְ Jb 23:17 I am [not] annihilated because of (the) darkness; 3 pl. נִצְמָ֑תוּ Jb 6:17 (of dried-up brooks).

Pi. Pf. 3 fs. sf. צִמְּחַתְנִי ψ 119:139 קִנְאָתִי hath put an end to me (it is so intense). Piʿlēl Pf. 3 pl. sf. צִמְּתֻתוּנִי (but read צִמְּתוּנִי Ges^{§ 55 d}, or צִמְּתָ֑תְנִי Hi [Ges^{§ 145 k}]; cf. Bae) ψ 88:17 thine alarms have annihilated me.

Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִצְמַתָּה ψ 73:27; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַצְמִיתֵם ψ 94:23^(×2); 2 ms. תַּצְמִית ψ 143:12, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַצְמִיתֵם ψ 54:7; Pt. pl. sf. מַצְמִיתַי ψ 69:5;—exterminate, annihilate, c. acc. pers., subj. Psalmist ψ 18:41 = 2 S 22:41 (read as in ψ), 101:5, 8; his foes ψ 69:5; י׳ 54:7; 73:27; 94:23^(×2); 143:12.

† צְמִיתֻת n.f. completion, finality, only in phr. לִצ׳, לַצּ׳ = in perpetuity, of alienation of land; לִצְמִתֻת Lv 25:23, לַצְּמִיתֻת v 30 (P).

† צִן n.pr.loc. Σ(ε)ιν; name of wilderness S. of Canaan, where lay Kadesh Barnea, c. ה loc. צִ֫נָה Nu 34:4 (where Lag^{BN 47} חצן), Jos 15:3 (van d. H. צִ֫נָּה in Jos); elsewhere מִדְבַּר־צִן Nu 13:21; 20:1; 27:14^(×2); 33:36; 34:3 Dt 32:51; Jos 15:1 (all P).

[צֵן] i, ii, iii. צִנָּה, v. I, II, III. צנן.

† צֹנֶה [צֹנֶא] [n.m.] flocks (‖ form of צֹאן q.v.);—abs. צֹנֶה ψ 8:8; sf. צֹנַאֲכֶם Nu 32:24 (JE).

† [צָנַח] vb. descend (meaning inferred from context);—

Qal Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּצְנַח מֵעַל הַחֲמוֹר Ju 1:14 = Jos 15:18 and she descended (alighted) from the ass; וַתּ׳ בָּאָרֶץ Ju 4:21 and it (the tentpeg) went down into the ground.

† [צָנַם] vb. dry up, harden (cf. Aramaic צוּנָמָא, ܨܘܢܳܡܳܐ, stone);—

Qal Pt. pass. fpl. צְנֻמוֹת Gn 41:23 (E) of ears of grain.

I. צנן (√ of foll.; meaning obscure).

† [צֵן] n.[m.] thorn? barb?;—pl. צִנִּים Pr 22:5 (+ פַּחִים); וְאֶל־מִצִּנִּים Jb 5:5 from (behind) thorns (a protecting thorn hedge, so Di), but very dub.; Che^{JQ July, 1897, 576} del. as doublet of צַמִּים; Bev^{JPhil. xxvl, 305} proposes וְאֹנָם צִנִּים [and as to their wealth, barbs (? barbed spears) take it].

† I. [צִנָּה] n.f. appar. hook, or barb (of fishing-spear?);—pl. צִנּוֹת Am 4:2 (‖ סִירוֹת דּוּגָה).

† [צָנִין] n.[m.] thorn, prick;—pl. צְנִינִם Nu 33:55 (P; ‖ שִׂכִּים), צְנִנִים Jos 23:13 (D; both fig.).

II. צנן (√ of foll.; NH צָנַן be cold, so J Aram. צְנַן; 𝔗 צִינְתָא cold).

† II. [צִנָּה] n.f. coolness;—cstr. צִנַּת־שֶׁלֶג Pr 25:13 coolness of snow (צינת רוח צפון Ecclus 43:20).

III. צנן (√ of foll.; Thes (so Di^Lex) cp. Arabic صَانَ preserve, keep, Ethiopic ጸወነ: protect, but dub.).

† III. צִנָּה n.f. large shield (covering whole body);—abs. צ׳ 1 S 17:7 +; pl. צִנּוֹת 2 Ch 11:12;—shield, larger than מָגֵן 1 K 10:16^(×2) (cf. v 17) = 2 Ch 9:15^(×2); נֹשֵׂא (הַ)צִנָּה 1 S 17:7, 41 (הָאִישׁ נ׳ הַצּ׳), 2 Ch 14:7, נֹשְׂאֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 12:25 (van d. H. v 24); עִרְכוּ מָגֵן וְצִנָּה Je 46:3, cf. עֹרְכֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 12:9 (van d. H. v 8); אֹחֵז רֹמַח וְצ׳ 2 Ch 25:5; הַחֲזֵק מָגֵן וְצ׳ ψ 35:2; הֵקִים עָלַיִךְ צ׳ Ez 26:8; + מָגֵן also 23:24; 38:4; 39:9; צ׳ 1 Ch 12:35 (van d. H. v 34) 2 Ch 11:12; sim. of י׳’s favour ψ 5:13; fig. of י׳’s faithfulness 91:4.

† צִנְצֶ֫נֶת n.f. jar, or like receptacle (so Vrss and context; perhaps from above √; > basket = 𝔗 Talm. צִנָּא);—Ex 16:33 (P).

צְנָן v. צַאֲנָן.

† [צָנַע] vb. be modest, humble (perhaps proposes be retired, NH Hiph. keep close, reserve, preserve, so 𝔗 אַצְנַע; צְנִיעַ retiring, modest);—

Hiph. Inf. abs. הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת Mi 6:8 a making humble to walk = shewing a humble walk (with God).

† [צָנוּעַ] adj. modest (on format. cf. Ba^{BN § 31 d});—pl. צְנוּעִים Pr 11:2 (v. Toy; opp. זָדוֹן).

† [צָנַף] vb. warp, or wind up, together (cf. Arabic صَنِفَةٌ hem of garment, 𝔗^J צְנָפָא skirt (= כָּנָף); מַצְנֵפָא, ܡܰܨܢܰܦܬܳܐ turban, ChrPal. ܨܢܦܬܐ tassel);—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִצְנֹף Lv 16:4 he shall wind (his head) with (ב) the turban (מִצְנֶפֶת q.v.); sf., + Inf. abs. and acc. cogn. צָנוֹף יִצְנָפְךָ צְנֵפָה Is 22:18 he will wind thee entirely up (with) a winding (under fig. of ball, to be driven far off, in exile).—צנוף Is 62:3 v. following.

† צָנִיף n.m. ^{Zc 3:5} turban;—abs. צ׳ Zc 3:5^(×2) (for h. priest) and (fig. of righteousness) Jb 29:14; cstr. צְנִיף מְלוּכָה Is 62:3 Qr royal turban (Kt צנוף); pl. הַצְּנִיפוֹת Is 3:23 (of women’s turbans).

† צְנֵפָה n.f. winding;—Is 22:18, v. [צנף].

† מִצְנֶ֫פֶת n.f. turban of high priest;—abs. מ׳ Ez 21:31, מִצְנָ֑פֶת Ex 28:37; 29:6; cstr. מִצְנֶ֫פֶת Lv 16:4;—turban of linen Ex 28:4, 37^(×2), 39; 29:6^(×2); 39:28, 31; Lv 8:9^(×2); 16:4; sign of royalty Ez 21:31.

צנק (√ of foll.; cf. Sam. ࠑࠍࠒ shut up or in, and perhaps Ethiopic ጸቈነ: hedge about, Prä^{BAS i. 374}; cf. also Arabic زَنَقَ bind, restrain, straighten, Syriac ܙܢܰܩ (in Lexx; usually throw)).

† צִינֹק n.[m.] pillory;—Je 29:26 (‖ מַהְפֶּכֶת).

צנר (√ of foll.; NH צִנּוֹר = BH (also hinge-socket), and so 𝔗 צִינּוֹרָא (rare)).

† צִנּוֹר n.m. pipe, spout, conduit (so NH);—abs. וְיִגַּע בַּצִּנּוֹר 2 S 5:8 (i.e., si vera l., of Jerus., but very dubious, cf. Dr HPS); pl. sf. קוֹל צִנּוֹרֶיךָ ψ 42:8 the sound of thy (water-) spouts fig., of sluices of heaven opened, cf. אֲרֻבָּה, פֶּלֶג.

† צַנְתְּרוֹת n.m.pl. cstr. pipes feeding lamps with oil Zc 4:12 (in vision) (formation by inserting ת according to Bö^{§ 300 b} Kö^{ii 1, 201}).

† I. [צָעַד] vb. step, march (NH id. (rare); Arabic صَعِدَ ascend);—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָֽעֲדָה Gn 49:22 (but on text v. infr.); 3 pl. צָֽעֲדוּ 2 S 6:13; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְעָ֑ד Pr 7:8, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּצַעַדְךָ Ju 5:4, בְּצַעְדְּךָ ψ 68:8;—step, march, of י׳ Ju 5:4 ψ 68:8 (c. ב loc.), Hb 3:12 (c. acc. אֶרֶץ); read prob. also צֹעֵד Is 63:1 (for MT צֹעֶה, v. צעה); of men, c. acc. cogn. צְעָדִים 2 S 6:13 they had gone six steps; c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ step a certain way Pr 7:8; of idols, לֹא יִצְעָ֑דוּ Je 10:5.—בָּנוֹת צָֽעֲדָה עֲלֵי־שׁוּר Gn 49:22 is dubious: usually (its) daughters (twigs of bough) have climbed over the wall (on sg. vb. v. Ges^{§ 145 k}; others think ה—ָ old fpl. ending, e.g. Nö^{ZMG xxxviii (1884), 411} JPPeters^{Hbr iii (1887), 111; v (1888), 199}; conject. emend. of text v. in Ball^Hpt Holz).

Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. sf. וְתַצְעִדֵהוּ Jb 18:14 and it (an unseen power Di; disease Du, reading וְיַצ׳) makes him march, c. ל pers.

† [צַ֫עַד] n.m.^{2 S 6:13} step, pace;—abs. צָ֑עַד Pr 30:29; sf. צַעֲדוֹ Je 10:3; Pr 16:9, etc.; pl. cstr. צַעֲדֵי Jb 18:7; sf. צְעָדַי Jb 31:4, etc.;—

1. lit. step, pace, 2 S 6:13, תַּרְחִיב צַעֲדִי תַּחְתֵּנִי 2 S 22:37 = ψ 18:37, i.e. givest me firm footing, מֵיטִיבֵי צ׳ Pr 30:29 = making a good step, stately in march; La 4:18 (‖ לָ֑כֶת).

2. step, steps, in fig. of course of life, fortune: sg. לֹא יֵצַר צ׳ Pr 4:12; ‖ דֶּרֶךְ Je 10:23; Pr 16:9; pl. Jb 14:16; 31:4; 34:21, צַעֲדֵי אוֹנוֹ 18:7 (cf. Pr 4:12 supr.); מִסְפַּר־צְעָדַי אַגִּידֶנּוּ 31:37; of harlot Pr 5:5 fig., שְׁאוֹל צְעָדֶיהָ יִתְמֹ֑כוּ.

† I. צְעָדָה n.f. marching;—קוֹל צ׳ 2 S 5:24 the sound of marching = 1 Ch 14:15.

[מִצְעָד] n.[m.] step;—pl. sf. בְּמִצְעָדָיו Dn 11:43 i.e. at his heels, in his train; cstr., fig. of course of life, מִצְעֲדֵי־גֶבֶר ψ 37:23 (‖ דַּרְכּוֹ), Pr 20:24.

II. צעד (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

† II. [צְעָדָה] n.f. armlet, band clasping upper arm (so SS al.; most step-chain, from I. צעד);—pl. הַצְּעָדוֹת Is 3:20 (ladies’ finery); read הַצּ׳ also 2 K 11:12 (for MT הָעֵדוּת) We^{Bl. Einl. 4, 258 = Comp. (2), 361} Kmp SS Kit Benz.

† אֶצְעָדָה n.f. id.;—abs. א׳ Nu 31:50 (+ צָמִיד bracelet); א׳ אֲשֶׁר עַל־זְרֹעוֹ 2 S 1:10 (read הַצְּעָדָה We Dr Bu HPS, cf. 2 K 11:12 supr.).

† [צָעָה] vb. stoop, bend, incline (Arabic صَغَا (و, ى) incline, lean, cf. also صَغِىَ );—

Qal Pt. 1. צֹעֶה Is 51:14 one stooping (under a burden), 63:1 bending (forward or backward; from abundant strength), but read prob. צֹעֵד marching (Lo Gr Che Du Di-Kit al.); f. אַתְּ צֹעָה זֹנָה Je 2:20 (in sensu obscoeno). 2. trans. (= Pi. q.v.) pl. צֹעִים Je 48:12 men inclining, tipping a vessel, to empty it.

Pi. Pf. 3 pl. sf. וְצֵעֻהוּ Je 48:12 I will send tippers and they shall tip him over (Moab, under fig. of vessel).

† [צָעַן] vb. wander, travel (Arabic ظَعَنَ journey, go away; prob. connected with Assyrian ṣênu, Ethiopic ጸዐነ:, Aramaic טְעַן, Palm. טען, all load (beast, etc.) = Heb. טָעַן †Gn 45:17; Aramaic טְעַן, ܛܥܰܢ also bear, carry);—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִצְעָן Is 33:20 travel, i.e. be removed, of tent (+ יִסַּע).

† צֹ֫עַן n.pr.loc. Τανις: Tanis, in Egypt (Egyptian D̲aʿnĕ(t) Steind^{BAS 600}, in Assyrian Ṣiʾinu, Saʾanu Ib^{id. 598 ff.} Dl^{Pa 315}); it was built 7 years after Hebron according to Nu 13:22; Is 19:11, 13; 30:4; Ez 30:14 ψ 78:12, 43; mod. Ṣân, in NW. part of Delta; v. also Eb^{GS 512 ff.} Bd.^{Lower Egyptian 3 (1895), 228} Petrie^{Tanis (1885)}.

† צַעֲנַנִּים n.pr.loc. only c. בְּ, pointed as prep., and so most (but ב perhaps radical, v. GFM); on border of Naphtali, near Ḳedesh;—בְּצ׳ Jos 19:33 (Βεσεμεειν, Σεενανειμ, etc.) + Ju 4:11 Qr (Kt בצענים), 𝔊 πλεονεκτούντων (√ בָּצַע), ἀναπαυομένων.

צעף (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَعُفَ iii. make double, ضِعْفٌ double; Ethiopic ዐጸፈ: fold, double, so Aramaic עוּף, ܥܳܦ, ܐܰܥܝܺܦ double (for ܥܰܥܺܝܦ = צָעִיף), cf. 𝔗 עֵיפָא for Heb. צָעִיף (proposes a double or folded thing); v. especially Lag^{Sem. i. 23 ff.}).

† צָעִיף n.[m.] wrapper, shawl, or veil;—abs. צ׳ Gn 24:65; 38:14; sf. צְעִיפָהּ v 19 (all J).

צַעֲצֻעִים v. צוע.

† צָעַק vb. cry, cry out, call (‖זָעַק; NH id.; Arabic صَعَقَ, perhaps orig. sound as thunder, cf. صَاعِقَةٌ thunderbolt, صَعِقَ bellow (of bull));—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ 1 K 20:39 La 2:18, 3 fs. צָֽעֲקָה Dt 22:24 +, etc.; Impf. יִצְעַק Ex 23:22 +, etc.; Imv. fs. וְצַעֲקִי Je 22:20, וּצֳעָ֑קִי v 20; fpl. צְעַקְנָה 49:3; Inf. abs. צָעֹק Ex 22:22; cstr. לִצְעֹק 2 K 8:3; Pt. fs. abs. צֹעֶ֫קֶת 2 K 8:5; mpl. צֹעֲקִים Gn 4:10; Ex 5:8;— 1. cry, cry out, for help, usually c. אֶל pers.;— a. unto man Gn 41:55 (E; + ל rei), Nu 11:3 (JE), 1 K 20:39 2 K 6:26; 8:3 (+ אֶל rei), v 5 (+ עַל rei); sq. אמר Ex 5:15 (J), 2 K 4:1 and (אֶל pers. om.) Ex 5:8 (J), 2 K 4:40; 6:5. b. especially unto י׳: Gn 4:10; Ex 8:3 (+ עַל־דְּבַר rei), 14:10, 15; 15:25; 17:4; 22:22 (צָעֹק יִצְעַק), v 26 Nu 12:13; 20:16 Jos 24:7 (all JE), Ju 4:3; 10:12; Dt 26:7; Is 19:20 (+ מִפְּנֵי rei), La 2:18; Ne 9:27 ψ 107:6, 28; קוֹלִי אֶל־א׳ וְאֶצְעָ֑קָה 77:2, cf. 34:18; c. לי׳ 2 Ch 13:14, נֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ ψ 88:2. c. cry unto (אֶל) idol Is 46:7. 2. abs. cry, cry out, in distress, need;—Gn 27:34 (J; c. acc. cogn.), Dt 22:24, 27; Is 33:7 (‖ בָּכָה), 65:14 (‖ הֵילִיל, opp. רָנַן; c. מִן rei), Je 22:20^(×2) (‖ נָתַן קוֹל), 49:3 (‖ הֵילִיל), Jb 35:12; c. obj. חָמָס Jb 19:7 (‖ אֲשַׁוַּע). 3. make outcry, clamour, Is 42:2 (+ יִשָּׂא, יַשְׁמִיעַ קוֹלוֹ).

Niph. be summoned (i.e. to arms), abs.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּצָּעֵק Ju 7:23, 24; 12:1, so 3 mpl. וַיִּצֶּעֲקוּ 10:17; 2 K 3:21, sq. אַחֲרֵי שָׁאוּל + acc. loc. 1 S 13:4.

Pi. Pt. מְצַעֵק cry aloud, in grief, 2 K 2:12.

Hiph. call together וַיַּצְעֵק אֶת־הָעָם אֶל־י׳ הַמִּצְפָּה 1 S 10:17.

† צְעָקָה n.f. cry, outcry (older form of זְעָקָה);—abs. צ׳ Gn 27:34 +; cstr. צַעֲקַת Ex 3:9 +; sf. צַעֲקָתוֹ 1 S 9:16 +, etc.;—

1. outcry against (Sodom) Gn 18:21; 19:13 (both J).

2. cry of distress, especially as heard by י׳ Ex 3:7 (J), 22:22 (E), cf. Is 5:7; Jb 27:9; 34:28 ψ 9:13; צ׳ בָּאָה אֵלַי Ex 3:9 (E), 1 S 9:16, cf. Jb 34:28; צ׳ גְּדֹלָה Ex 11:6; 12:30 (both J), Ne 5:1; as acc. cogn. Gn 27:34 (J); קוֹל צ׳ 1 S 4:14; Je 25:36 (‖ יְלָלָה), Zp 1:10 (‖ id., + שֶׁבֶר גדול), Je 48:3 (‖ שֹׁד וָשֶׁבֶר גדול), cf. 49:21; צעֲקַת שֶׁבֶר 48:5 (‖ בְּכִי).

† [צָעַר] vb. be, or grow, insignificant (‖ זער; NH id., Assyrian ṣeḫêru, be small, Arabic صَغُرَ id.; Syriac ܨܥܰܪ be insignificant, despicable; 𝔗 צְעַר trans. despise, belittle);—

Qal Impf. (opp. כָּבֵד), 3 mpl. יִצְעֲרוּ Jb 14:21, יִצְעָ֑רוּ Je 30:19; Pt. as subst. הַצֹּעֲרִים Zc 13:7 (i.e. sheep, in fig., cf. Now).

† צֹ֫עַר, צ֫וֹעַר n.pr.loc. Zoar (understood as insignificance, cf. Gn 19:20);—Σηγωρ, 𝔊L Σιγωρ, but Gn 13:10 Je 48:34 Ζογορ(α); on 𝔊 cf. furhter Lag^{BN 54 f.}: city at SE. end of Dead Sea, צֹעַר Gn 13:10; 14:2, 8 (both = בֶּלַע), Dt 34:3; Is 15:5; Je 48:34; צוֹעַר Gn 19:22, 30^(×2); c. ה loc., צֹ֫עֲרָה v 23 + Je 48:4 (for MT צעוריה), 𝔊 Ζογορα, JDMich Ew Gf Gie al.—cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 271. 274} GASm^{Geogr. 506 f. 678 (App.)}.