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ט

ט, Ṭêth, ninth letter; = numeral 9 in postB Heb.; ו“ט = 15(9 + 6), ז“ט = 16 (9 + 7), to avoid ה“י and ו“י, v. י, Ges:§ 5. 4, R 3 Nes:ZAW 1884, 249.

† [טֵאטֵא] vb. Pilpēl, only Pf. 1 s. sf. וְטֵאטֵאתִיהָ בְּמַטְאֲטֵא הַשְׁמֵד Is 14:23 and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, of י׳'s laying Babylon waste. (Form of √ dub.; ו“ע Ol:§ 253; ע“ע Sta:§ 464; undecided Kö:i. 652 ff. (q. v.), cf. Ew:§ 121 b.)

† מַטְאֲטֵא n.[m.] broom, besom, only Is 14:23, v. foregoing.

† טָֽבְאֵל n.pr.m. (Aram.; = God is good, v. טוֹב; acc. to Wkl (v. infr.) God is wise, cf. Aram. ܛܰܒ, Eth. t’ababa: be wise; Ar. طَبَّ act as physician, طَبُّ expert)—Persian officer in Samaria Ezr 4:7, LXX Ταβεηλ.

† טָֽבְאַָל n.pr.m. (appar. pointed to mean good-for-nothing (אַל as neg.) v. De Di Du Sta:Gesch i. 590, orig. טָֽבְאֵל; Ol:§ 91 d Kö:ii, 537 al. think אַָל- simply pausal form)—Aramean, whose son Peḳaḫ and Reṣin proposed to make king of Jerus. in place of Ahaz; only בֶּן־טָֽבְאַָל Is 7:6 (Wkl:Alttest. Untersuch. 1892. 74 identif. with Reṣin, comparing טַבְרִמֹּן father of Benhadad).

† [טָבַח] vb. slaughter, butcher, slay (NH id. (rare) and deriv.; Ph. טבח pt.; As. ṭabâḫu Asrb:Annals iii. 56; Aram. ܛܒܰܚ, טְבַח (rare) and deriv.; Ar. طَبَخَ cook meat, also bake bread; Eth. t’abh.a: slay)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. וּטְבָחוֹ consec. Ex 21:37; 3 fs. טָֽבְחָה Pr 9:2; 2 ms. טָבַחְתָּ La 2:21; 1 s. טָבַחְתִּי 1 S 25:11; Imv. וּטְבֹחַ Gn 43:l6; Inf. cstr. טְבֹחַ Ez 21:15; לִטְבַוֹחַ Ps 37:14 + 3 t. (so Baer; van d. H לִטְבּוֹחַ, exc. לִטְבָוֹחַ Je 51:40); Pt. pass. טָבוּחַ Dt 28:31; —

1. slaughter, butcher animals for food Ex 21:37 (E), Pr 9:2 (fig. of Wisdom's furnishing her table); so c. acc. cogn. טֶבַח ט׳ Gn 43:16 (J), טִבְחָה ט׳ 1 S 25:11; cf. also Dt 28:31, where punishment lies in fact that the owner does not eat of the slain ox; כְּכֶשֶׂב אַלּוּף יוּבַל לִטְבַָוֹחַ Je 11:19 like a mild lamb that is led to slaughter, sim. of the prophet exposed to his enemies, 51:40 sim. of י׳'s vengeance upon Babylon (v. also טֶבַח, טִבְחָה), 25:34 of kings and rulers, under fig. of shepherds & choice sheep.

2. poet. & fig., slay, kill ruthlessly, c. acc. pers. Ps 37:14; abs. La 2:21(‖הָרַג; opp. חמל); c. acc. cogn. טֶבַח ט׳ Ez 21:15 of a sword sharpened for the slaughter of Isr. in judgment.

† I. טֶ֫בַח n.m:Is 34:6 slaughtering, slaughter—abs. ט׳ Gn 43:16 + 6 t.; טָָבַח Ez 21:20 + 3 t.; sf. טִבְחָהּ Pr 9:2; —

1. slaughtering, slaughter, of animals for food; as acc. cogn. after טָבַח (q. v.) Gn 43:16 (J), Pr 9:2; יוּבָָל כַּשֶּׂה לַטּ׳ Is 53:7, sim. of suffering servant of י׳; also Pr 7:22 sim. of fatuousness of one following a strange woman, thoughtless of consequences; יֵרְדוּ לַטּ׳ Je 50:27 metaph. of Babylonian leaders, under fig. of bullocks; so prob. 48:15, and perh. תִּכְרָָעוּ לַטּ׳ Is 65:12.

2. in poet. fig. slaughter, to which the nations are given over by י׳ Is 34:2, specif. of Edom v:6 (‖זֶבַח; v. ז׳ 6, p. 258:a); of Isr. Ez 21:20, as acc. cogn. after טָבַח v:15; of Ammon v:33.

† II. טֶ֫בַח n.pr.m. son of Nahor by his concubine Gn 22:24, LXX Ταβεκ(χ).

† טִבְחָה n.f. thing slaughtered, slaughtered meat, slaughter—l. sf. טִבְחָתִי as acc. cogn. after טָבַח 1 S 25:11 of meat killed for food: 2. slaughter for food (= I. טֶבַח

1.): כְּחאֹן ט׳ Ps 44:23 like a flock for slaughter, sim. of the harassed godly; כְּחאֹן לְטִבְחָה Je 12:3 sim. of judgment of wicked (‖לְיוֹם הֲרֵגָה).

טַבָּח n.m:1 S 9:23

1. cook,

2. guardsman;—† 1. cook (who also killed the animal for food and served it) טַבָּח abs. 1 S 9:23, 9:24 †. 2. elsewh. only pl. טַבָּחִים guardsmen, bodyguard (orig. royal slaughterers; v. RS:OTJC 426 (262); Sem. i. 1st ed., 396); alw. in the foll. combinations: שַׂר הַטּ׳ captain of Pharaoh's bodyguard Gn 37:36, 39:1 (both J), 40:3, 40:4, 41:10, 41:12 (all E); רַב־ט׳ chief of Nebuchadr.'s bodyguard 2 K 25:8, 25:10, 25:11, 25:12, 25:15, 25:18, 25:20, Je 39:9 + 16 t. Je (hence Aram. רַב טַבָּחַיָּא Dn 2:14).

† [טַבָּחָה] n.f. female cook;—only pl. abs. טַבָּחוֹת 1 S 8:13 (+ רַקָּחוֹת perfumers and אֹפוֹת bakers, all as menials).

† מַטְבֵּחַ n.[m.] slaughtering-place (Ph. מטבח id. CIS:i. 175), Is 14:21, for Babylonians (under implicit fig. of animals).

† טִבְחַת n.pr.loc. a Syrian city; מִטִּבְחַת 1 Ch 18:8 (LXX Μεταβηχα(ς), LXXL ταβααθ); so rd. also for II. בֶּטַח 2 S 8:8 (v. p. 105:b supr.)

† I. טָבַל vb. dip (NH id.; Aram. טְבַל dip, bathe; cf. perh. Ar. طَمَلَ saturavit tinctura vestem, Frey)—Qal Pf. וְטָבַל consec. Lv 4:6 + 5 t.; וְטָבַלְתְּ consec. Ru 2:14; וּטְבַלְתֶּם consec. Ex 12:22; Impf. וַיִּטְבֹּל Lv 9:9 + 3 t.; 2 ms. sf. תִּטְבְּלֵנִי Jb 9:31; וַיִּטְבְּלוּ Gn 37:31—dip:

1. trans., dip a thing in, c. acc. rei + בְּ: in blood Gn 37:31 (J), so esp. in connexion with sacrifices Lv 4:6, 9:9, 14:6, 14:51 (also in fresh water); in water, for purification Nu 19:18 (all P); of dipping rod in honey 1 S 14:27, bread in vinegar Ru 2:24, foot in oil Dt 33:24 (poem); בַּשַּׁחַת תִּטְבְּלֵנִי Jb 9:31 in the ditch dost thou dip me; acc. omitted Ex 12:22 (JE; in blood), 2 K 8:15 (in water); but also + מִן = moisten with, with some of Lv 4:17 (blood), 14:16 (oil).

2. intrans., dip (oneself), sq. בְּ, 2 K 5:14 in Jordan (‖רָחַץ בְּ v:10; v:12).

† טְבַלְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (י׳ hath dipped, i.e. purified)—name of one of the porters, line of Merari 1 Ch 26:11 (LXXL Ταβεηλ).

II. טבל (perh. to be assumed as √ of foll.; cf. Eth. t’ablala: wind about, wrap up; As. ṭublu, turban, Dl in Baer's Ezech:xii).

† [טְבוּל] n.m. turban (v. Sim in Thes Rob Ges Dl:l. c.)—only סְרוּחֵי טְבוּלִים בְּראֹשֵׁיהֶם Ez 23:15 extended in respect to turbans on their heads = with pendant turbans (Dl SS, cf. Da) > Hi-Sm who comp. Ar. طَمَلَ dye (v. I. טבל).

† טָבַע vb. sink, sink down (NH. id.; Aram. ܛܒܰܥ, טְבַע; Ph. טבע coin; As. ṭêbû, sink in, ṭabbî‚’u, diver (water-fowl) etc., v. Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi, 1892, 170 Dl:HWB; Ar. طَبَعَ seal, stamp, imprint; Eth. t’am9a dip)—Qal Pf. טָבַעְתִּי Ps 69:3; טָֽבְעוּ Ps 9:16, La 2:9; Impf. וַיִּטְבַּע Je 38:6; וַתִּטְבַּע 1 S 17:49; אֶטְבָָּעָה Ps 69:15; —sink, sink down, intrans., c. בְּ; 1 S 17:49 (stone into Goliath's forehead); Je 38:6 (Jerem. in mire of dungeon); La 2:9 (gates of Jerus. into ground); metaph. of distress; Ps 69:3 בִיוֵן מְחוּלָהט׳; 69:15 (‖החילני מִטִּיט); nations into the pit (בַּשַּׁחַת) 9:16. Pu. Pf. טֻבְּעוּ be sunk Ex 15:4 (poem) of Egyptians drowned בְּיַם־סוּף. Hiph. Pf. הָטְבְּעוּ be sunk בַּבֹּץ in the mire, of feet, metaph. of entanglements and difficulties Je 38:22; הָטְבָָּעוּ, of pedestals (אֲדָנִים) of the earth, as settled, planted עַל Jb 38:6 (‖ירה פִּנָּה); abs. of mountains Pr 8:25.

טַבַּ֫עַת n.f. signet, signet-ring, ring (on format. v. Lag:BN 88; As. ṭimbu‚’u, seal-ring, Muss-Arnolt:l. c.)—abs. טַבַּעַת Ex 26:24 + 3 t.; cstr. id. Est 3:12 + 3 t.; טַבַּעְתּוֹ Gn 41:42 + 2 t.; pl. abs. טַבָּעוֹת Is 3:1, Ex 28:23; טַבָּעֹת Ex 25:12, 25:12 + 14 t. cstr. טַבְּעוֹת Ex 28:23 + 2 t.; טַבְּעֹת Ex 25:12 + 12 t.; sf. טַבְּעֹתָ֯ו Ex 28:28, 39:21; טַבְּעֹתֵיהֶם Ex 26:29; טַבְּעֹתָם 36:34; —l. signet-ring, of king, taken from his hand and given as token of authority Gn 41:42 (E), Est 3:10, 8:2; used in sealing official missives Est 3:12, 8:8, 8:8, 8:10 (vb. חָתַם). 2. ring, as ornament Is 3:21; as gift for sacred purposed Ex 35:22, Nu 31:50 (both P). 3. most often (only in Ex.) of rings for staves of ark, for curtains, for ephod, and other sacred furniture Ex 25:12, 25:12, 25:12 + 35 t. in Ex (all P).

† טַבָּעוֹת n.pr.m. a family name among the Nethinim Ezr 2:43 = Ne 7:46.

טבר (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

† טַבּוּר n.[m.] highest part, centre (acc. to LXX Vulgate navel, so NH id., and טִיבּוּר, Aram. טִיבּוּרָא, טִיבּוּרְיָא)—הִנֵּה עָם יֹרְדִים מֵעִם טַבּוּר הארץ Ju 9:37 behold people descending from the highest part of the land; ישְׁבֵי עַל־טַבּוּר הארץ Ez 38:12 those dwelling upon the navel of the earth, i.e. upon the mountainous country of Israel, central and prominent in the earth.

† טַבְרִמּוֹן n.pr.m. (Aram.; = Ramman is good, or is wise, v. Wkl on טבאל supr.)—father of Benhadad king of Aram 1 K 15:18.

† טֵבֵָת n.pr 10th month = Dec.–Jan., Est 2:16 (Nab. טבת Eut:No. 3 Palm. id., Vog:No. 66; loan-word from As. Ṭêbêtum, Schr:COT on Ne 1:1, Hpt:E-Vowel 10, Jen:ZA iv (1889) 272 f., √ perh. ṭebû = טבע v. esp. Hpt:l. c., Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi, 1892, 170, month of sinking in = muddy month).

† טַבָָּת n.pr.loc. Ju 7:22, spot near which Gideon's pursuit of Midianites ended, site unknown.

† טָהֵר vb. be clean, pure (Ar. طَهَرَ, طَهُرَ id.; NH id., Pi. make or declare ceremonially clean; Aram. טְהַר emptiness, טִיהֲרָא brightness; Sab. טהר Hal:682; Eth. 0at’hara: tat’4hara: purify, wash oneself with water)—Qal Pf. ט׳ Lv 11:32 + 12 t.; 3 fs. טָֽהֲרָה Lv 12:7, 15:28; טָהֵָרָה Lv 12:8 etc., + 5 t. Pf.; Impf. יִטְהַר Lv 15:13, Jb 4:17 etc., + 9 t. Impf.; Imv. טְהָָר 2 K 5:10, 5:13; —

1. be clean, i.e. (miraculously) freed from leprosy by washing in the Jordan 2 K 5:10, 5:12, 5:13, 5:14.

2. be clean ceremonially (only H P), Lv 15:13, 15:28, 15:28 (P), 22:4 (H); by washing with water, the flesh Lv 22:7 (H); garments Lv 13:6, 13:34, 13:58, Nu 31:24 (all P); both flesh and garments Lv 17:5 (H), 14:8, 14:9, 15:13, Nu 19:19 (all P); other articles Lv 11:32 (P); passing things through the fire Nu 31:23 (P); offering sin-offerings Lv 12:7, 12:8, 14:20 (P); by the ceremony of the two birds Lv 14:53 (P); by ashes of red heifer Nu 19:12, 19:12 (P).

3. be clean morally, of people, made clean by י׳'s scattering clean water upon them Ez 36:25; of Jerus., specif. made clean from idolatry, under fig. of adultery Je 13:27; also sq. מִן Ez 24:13, 24:13 (purification by י׳); made clean מִכָּל־חַטּאֹתֵיכֶם Lv 16:30 (P; by the sin-offering of the atonement day); also of the individual, be clean מֵחַטָּאוֹת Pr 20:9 (‖זכה); become clean by use of hyssop Ps 51:9 (‖אַלְבִּין); more generally אִם־מֵעשֵֹׁהוּ יִטְהַר־גָּ֑בֶר Jb 4:17 shall a man be more pure than his maker? (‖יִחְדָָּק). Pi. Pf. טִהַר Lv 13:3 + 4 t.; sf. טִהֲרוֹ Lv 13:6 + 5 t.; 2 ms. טִהַרְתָּ Nu 8:6, 8:15 etc. + 7 t. Pf.; Impf.; יְטַהֵר 2 Ch 34:5 etc. + 4 t. Impf.; Imv. sf. טַהֲרֵנִי Ps 51:4; Inf. cstr. טַהֵר Ez 39:12 + 5 t.; sf. טַהֲרִי Ez 36:33 etc. + 4 t. Inf.; Pt. מְטַחֵר Lv 14:11, Mal 3:3; —chiefly P; 1. cleanse, purify: a. physically, metals from dross Mal 3:3; land from corpses Ez 39:12, 39:14, 39:16; heavens from clouds Jb 37:21; temple from unclean things 2 Ch 29:15, 29:16, 29:18; land and city from Asherim and images 2 Ch 34:3, 34:5, 34:8; store-chambers of temple from household stuff Ne 13:9; priesthood by exclusion of alien blood Ne 13:30. b. ceremonially, the altar of incense by the blood of the annual sin-offering Lv 16:19 (P); the people, gates, and wall (by some undefined ceremony) Ne 12:30; the altar of the court by the blood of sin-offerings Ez 43:26; of consecration of Levites by מֵי חטאת Nu 8:6, 8:7 (P), and חטאת Nu 8:15, 8:21 (P). c. morally Lv 16:30 (P), Ez 37:23, Mal 3:3; מֵחַטָּאֹת Ps 51:4; (ות)מֵעונ Je 33:8, Ez 36:33; ת(ו)מִטּמא Ez 24:13, 36:25. 2. pronounce clean, ceremonially Lv 13:6, 13:13, 13:17, 13:23, 12:28, 13:34, 13:37, 13:59, 14:7, 14:48 (all P). 3. perform the ceremony of cleansing Lv 14:11 (P). Pu. Pf. 3 ms. טֹהַר 1 S 20:26 (so. rd. for MT טהור LXX We Dr, he is not clean, because he hath not been cleansed); Pt. אֶרֶץ לאֹ מְטֹהָרָה a land not cleansed Ez 22:24 (but LXX Hi Ew Co SS rd. a land not rained upon, v. מטר). Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. הִטָּֽהֲרוּ Ezr 6:20; הִטֶּהָָרוּ (Kö:i. 271) 2 Ch 30:18, Nu 8:7; 1 pl. הִטַּהַרְנוּ Jos 22:17; Impf. יִטָּֽהֲרוּ Ne 12:30; Imv. הִטָּֽהֲרוּ Gn 35:2; Pt. מִטַּהֵר Lv 14:7 + 11 t.; pl. מִטַּהֲרִים Ne 13:22, Is 66:17; —reflexive: 1. purify oneself: a. ceremonially, esp. in preparation for sacred duties Gn 35:2 (R), Nu 8:7, 2 Ch 30:18, Ezr 6:20, Ne 13:22; also for heathen mysteries Is 66:17; of purifying priests, people, and wall Ne 12:30 (cf. Pi. 1 b). b. morally Jos 22:17 (P). 2. present oneself for purification, only pt. הַטִּטַּהֵר the candidate for purification Lv 14:4, 14:7, 14:8, 14:11, 14:14, 14:17, 14:18, 14:19, 14:25, 14:28, 14:29, 14:31 (P).

† טֹּ֫הַר n.[m.] purity, purifying—

1. purity, כְּעֶחֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם לָטֹּ֫הַר Ex 24:10 (JE), as the body of heavens for purity.

2. sf. יְמֵי טָהֳרָהּ Lv 12:4, 12:6 the days of her purifying (menstruation).

† [טֳהָר] (v. Ges:§ 10. 2. B), or [טְהָר] (Ol:§ 173 b Bö:§ 386), n.[m.] clearness, lustre (dub. word; sub טֹהַר Hup Pe SS; so Thes, reading מִטָּהֳרוֹ)—only הִשְׁבַּתָּ מִטֳּהָרוֹ Ps 89:45; De Hup Pe Sch thou hast made (him) to cease from his lustre; SyrVer Vulgate made his lustre to cease, so AE Ki al. reading n. מִטְהָרוֹ or מִטְּהָרוֹ (D. f. acc. to Ges:§ 20. 2. 2 b), and Schr:SK 1868, 642 who reads הִשְׁבַּתָּה טְהָרוֹ; Gr prop. עטרתוֹ his crown; Bae מַטֶּה מִיָּדוֹ sceptre from his hand.

† טָֽהֳרָה n.f. purifying, cleansing;—abs. ט׳ Lv 12:4 + 2 t.; cstr. טָהֳרַת 1 Ch 23:28, 2 Ch 30:19; sf. טָהֳרָתוֹ Lv 13:7 + 7 t.;—

1. purifying, menstruation Lv 12:4, 12:5.

2. cleansing, purification, of leper Lv 13:7, 13:35, 14:2, 14:23, 14:32; of Nazirite Nu 6:9; from an issue Lv 15:13 (all P); from contact with the dead Ez 44:26; of sacred things in gen. 1 Ch 23:28; of persons for the passover 2 Ch 30:19; מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַטָּהֳרָה Ne 12:45 the charge, requirement of purification.

† טָהוֹר adj. clean, pure;—m. abs. ט׳ Ex 25:11 + 68 t.; טָהֹר Lv 11:47 + 4 t.; cstr. טֵהוֹר Hab 1:13; טְהָו֯ר Pr 22:11; טֳהָר־ Jb 17:9; f. טְהוֹרָה Mal 1:11 + 3 t.; טְהֹרָה Gn 7:2 + 8 t.; mpl. טְהוֹרִים Ez 36:25, Ezr 6:20; טְהֹרִים Pr 15:26; fpl. טְהֹרוֹת Lv 14:4, Ps 12:7; —

1. ceremonially clean, of animals Gn 7:2, 7:2, 7:8, 7:8, 8:20, 8:20 (all J), Lv 14:4 (P), 20:25, 20:25 (H), Dt 14:11, 14:20; places Lv 4:12, 6:4, 10:14, 11:36, Nu 19:9 (all P); things Lv 10:10, 11:37, 11:47, 14:57 (P), Ez 22:26, 44:23, Is 66:20, Mal 1:11; persons Lv 7:19, 13:13, 13:17, 13:37, 13:39, 13:40, 13:41, 15:8, Nu 5:28, 9:13, 18:11, 18:13, 19:9, 19:18, 19:19 (all P), Dt 12:15, 12:22, 15:22, 23:11, 1 S 20:26 a + v.:26 b MT but rd. טֹהַר Pu., see טָהֵר, 2 Ch 30:17, Ezr 6:20.

2. physically pure: of gold זָהָב Ex 25:11, 25:17, 25:24, 25:29, 25:31, 25:36, 25:38, 25:39, 28:14, 28:22, 28:36, 30:3, 37:2, 37:6, 37:11, 37:16, 37:17, 37:22, 37:23, 37:24, 37:26, 39:15, 39:25, 39:30 (all P), 1 Ch 28:17, 2 Ch 3:4, 9:17; כֶּתֶם Jb 28:19; of water מַיִם Ez 36:25; of incense קְטֹרֶת Ex 30:35, 37:29 (P); of lamp stand מְנֹרָה Ex 31:8, 39:37 (P), Lv 24:4 (H); of the table שֻׁלְחָן Lv 24:6 (H), 2 Ch 13:11; clean, of turban Zc 3:5, 3:5.

3. ethically pure, clean Pr 30:12, Ec 9:2, Jb 14:4; of heart Ps 51:12, Pr 22:11; hands Jb 17:9; eyes Hab 1:13 (of God); words of men Pr 15:26; words of God Ps 12:7; law of י׳ as object of reverential fear Ps 19:10.

† I. טוֹב vb. pleasing, good (NH id., Hiph.; also deriv.; Ar. طَابَ, med. ي, be pleasant, delightful, delicious, sweet or savoury in taste or odour, be pure and clean, cheerful, happy (Lane); Aram. ܛܶܐܒ, ܛܳܒ, טְאֵב, טַב, טַיֵּב and esp. deriv. glad, joyful; As. ṭâbu, be good, kind, acceptable, joyful, vigorous Dl:HWB 299)—Qal Pf. טוֹב Nu 11:18 + 32 t.; pl. טֹבוּ Nu 24:5, Ct 4:10; (Impf. יִיטַב from יָטַב); Inf. abs. טוֹב Ju 11:25; cstr. טוֹב Je 32:39 + 6 t., כְּטוֹב Ju 16:25 Qr (Kt כי טוב); Pt. טוֹב Ju 11:25, 1 S 2:26; (for these forms v. Bö:§ 1133, 4 SS s.v.; Ges recognizes only Pfs. and fewer of them than above. It is often difficult to decide between vb. and adj.);—

1. be pleasant, delightful, of tents of Jacob Nu 24:5 (JE; poet.); of caresses Ct 4:10 (sq. מִיַּיִן comp.)

2. be glad, joyful טוֹב לֵב Ju 16:25 (Qr), 1 S 25:36, 2 S 13:28, Est 1:10 (v. טוּב 2 c).

3. of rank, position, claim: הֲטוֹב טוֹב אתה מבלק Ju 11:25 art thou really better than Balak?

4. טוֹב לְ be well with, good for Nu 11:18 (J), Dt 5:30, 15:16, 19:13, 1 S 16:16, 16:23, 2 S 14:32, Ps 119:71, 128:2, Je 22:15; so (sc. לוֹ) Is 3:10 it is well (with him); אז טוב Je 22:16 (cf. v:15); טוֹב אֶל־ 1 S 20:12 there is good toward David.

5. be pleasing טוֹב בְּעֵינֵי (v. II. טוֹב 2 b c f) Nu 24:1 (J) 2 S 3:19, 3:36, 15:26, 19:38; אִם טוֹב בְּעֵינֵי 1 K 21:2, Je 40:4, Je 40:4, Zc 11:12; later usage is אִם טוֹב עַל if it seem good unto (so As. ṭâbu eli, be pleasing unto, Dl:HWB 300 a), 1 Ch 13:2, Ne 2:5, 2:7, Est 1:19, 3:9, 5:4, 5:8, 7:3, 8:5, 9:13 (cf. טוֹב adj.). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הֱטִיבוֹתָ 2 Ch 6:8, הֱטִיבֹתָ 1 K 8:18, 2 K 10:30; —do well, act right, sq. כִּי that 1 K 8:18 thou didst well, that it was in thine heart = 2 Ch 6:8; sq. inf. c. לְ 2 K 10:30 thou hast done well in performing what was right in mine eyes.

† II. טוֹב adj. pleasant, agreeable, good (v. Lag:BN 26; Aram. טַב, Palm. טב Vog:No. 81, טבא Vog:No. 75)—m. ט׳ Gn 2:12 + 22 t., טוֹבָם Mi 7:4; f. טוֹבָה Est 8:5 + 50 t., טֹבָה Dt 6:18 + 2 t.; cstr. טוֹבַת Gn 26:7 + 6 t., טֹבַת Gn 24:16; pl. טוֹבִים Je 44:17 + 28 t.; טֹבִים Gn 27:9 + 4 t.; cstr. טוֹבֵי Dn 1:4 + 2 t.; pl. טוֹבוֹת Est 2:2, טֹבוֹת Je 24:2 + 6 t., טֹבֹת Gn 6:2 + 4 t.;—

1. pleasant, agreeable to the senses: a. to the sight, fair, of daughters of men Gn 6:2 (J); of a son Ex 2:2 (E), 1 S 9:2, 1 K 20:3, young men (but rd. herds LXX Th We Klo Dr Bu) 1 S 8:16; מראיהם their appearance Dn 1:15, טֹבַת מראה Gn 24:16, 26:7 (both J), 2 S 11:2, Est 1:11, 2:3, 2:7; טוב ראי 1 S 16:12; טוב תאר 1 K 1:6; טובַת חן Na 3:4; טוֹבוֹת מראה Est 2:2; טוֹבֵי מראה Dn 1:4; טוב לעינים Ec 11:7; טובה עיניו fair in his eyes Est 8:5; of mantle Jos 7:21 (J); goodly houses Is 5:9, Dt 8:12; cities Dt 6:10; situation of city 2 K 2:19. b. to the taste, good, sweet, agreeable for eating למאכל Gn 2:9, 3:6 (both J); ears of grain Gn 41:5, 41:22, 41:24, 41:26 (E); figs Je 24:2, 24:3, 24:3, 24:5; honey Pr 24:13; כְּיֵין הטוב Ct 7:10 as wine of the best sort (Hi rds. כַּיַּיִן); תְּנוּבָתִי הַטּוֹבָּה Ju 9:11my sweet fruit (‖מָתְקִי). c. to the smell, sweet-scented, of ointment Ct 1:3; קנה הטוב Je 6:20 the fragrant cane. d. of pleasant shadow of tree Ho 4:13.

2. pleasant to the higher nature, giving pleasure, happiness, prosperity, and so agreeable, pleasing, well: a. of time: יום טוב good day, festal day 1 S 25:8, Est 8:17, 9:19, 9:22; of feasts Zc 8:19; prosperous years Gn 41:35 (E). b. of place, טוב בית הנשׁים Est 2:9 the best part of the women's house; לוֹ בַּטּ׳ Dt 23:17, בְּעֵינֵי בַּטּ׳ Gn 20:15 (v. c f infr.) c. of persons, (אתה) טוב בעיני pleasing in the eyes of 1 S 29:6, 29:6, 29:9 טוב בעיני י׳ Mal 2:17 (cf. vb. 4, and f infr.); later לִפְנֵי Ec 2:26, 2:26, 7:26; inserted in 1 S 29:10 LXX We Dr; cf. עם ט׳ 1 S 2:26. d. of word or message, בְּשׂוֹרָה טוֹבָה 2 S 18:27 good tidings; שְׁמוּעָה ט׳ good report 1 S 2:24, Pr 15:30, 25:25; דבר בעתו Pr 15:23 a word in its season; דבר טוב Pr 12:25 an agreeable word (maketh the heart glad); דבר טוב Ps 45:2 a good theme. e. of other things, דֶּרֶח טובה 1 S 24:20 a pleasant, prosperous journey; מנחה כי טוב Gn 49:15 (poem); of unity of brethren מה טוב ומה נעים Ps 133:1 how good and how pleasant it is! טוב לְ (יהיה) it shall be well for Ec 2:3, 6:12, 8:12, 8:13 (cf. vb. 3); הֲטוֹב כִּי Jb 13:9 will it be advantageous that (v. 5). f. עשׂה הטוב בעיני do what is pleasing in the eyes of Gn 16:5 (J), Ju 19:24, 1 S 1:23, 3:18, 14:40, 2 S 10:12 = 1 Ch 19:13, 2 S 19:19, 19:28, 19:39, 2 K 10:5, 20:3 = Is 38:3, 1 Ch 21:23 = 2 S 24:22 where obj. of העלה; טוב בע׳(ה) (כל) (כ) עשׂה Gn 19:8 (J), Ju 10:15, 1 S 11:10, 14:36, Est 3:11; הטוב(כ) עשׂה הישׁר בע׳(כ)ו) Dt 12:28, Jos 9:25 (D), 2 Ch 14:1, Je 26:14, cf. Est 8:8; nouns reversed Dt 6:18; והישׁר לפני עשׂה הטוֹב 2 Ch 31:20; טוב בע׳ in other combinations Nu 36:6 (P), Je 40:4; ראה הטוב והישׁר 2 K 10:3; דבּר ט׳ 1 K 22:13 = 2 Ch 18:12, Nu 10:29 (J), 1 S 19:4, Est 7:9; דבּר מטוב עד־רע speak either good or bad Gn 31:24, 31:29 (E); למרע ועד טוב 2 S 13:22; רע או טוב Gn 24:50 (J); התנבא ט׳ 1 K 22:8, 22:18 = 2 Ch 18:17; cf. 1 K 22:13 = 2 Ch 18:12.

3. good, excellent of its kind: a. of the several creations, וירא אלתים כי טוֹב and God saw that it was good, excellent Gn 1:4, 1:10, 1:12, 1:18, 1:21, 1:25 (P); טוֹב מאר כל אשׁר עשׂה והנּה 1:31 (P) God saw all that he had made, and behold it was very excellent. So b. of land, soil, fruitful, fertile: ארץ Ex 3:8, Nu 13:19 (both J), 14:7 (P), Dt 1:25, 1:35, 3:25, 4:21, 4:22, 6:18, 8:7, 8:10, 9:6, 11:17, Jos 23:16 (D), Ju 18:9, 1 Ch 28:8; אדמה 1 K 14:15, Jos 23:13, 23:15 (D); הר Dt 3:25; חלקה 2 K 3:19, 3:25; שׂדה Ez 17:8; נָוֶה Ez 34:14; מרעה 1 Ch 4:40, Ez 34:14, 34:18. c. of vegetation, choice, fruitful זֵיתִים 1 S 8:14; עץ 2 K 3:19, 3:25, Ez 31:16; שׁמן טוב 2 K 20:13 precious oil = Is 39:2, Ps 133:2, Ec 7:1; of seed, אם שׁניהם טובים Ec 11:6 whether both of them will be fruitful. d. of animals, fat בקר Gn 18:7 (J); עזים Gn 27:9 (J); פרות Gn 41:26 (E); יָרֵח Ez 24:4. e. of minerals, fine, pure זהב Gn 2:12 (J), 2 Ch 3:5, 3:8; כֶּתֶם La 4:1; brass Ezr 8:27, soldering Is 41:7.

4. good, rich, valuable in estimation: a. in quantity, שׂיבה טובה good old age Gn 15:15 (R), 25:8 (P), Ju 8:32, 1 Ch 29:28; dowry Gn 30:20 (E; many sons); treasury Dt 28:12 (from which י׳ sends blessings). b. in price, goodly, valuable: of the estimation put upon house, beast, and tithe Lv 27:10, 27:10, 27:12, 27:14, 27:33 (H); profit Pr 31:18; hire Ec 4:9; מחמדי הטבים Jo 4:5 my goodly precious things.

5. good, appropriate, becoming, טוב אשׁר Ec 7:18 (cf. 5:4 infr.); טובה חכמה עם נחלה Ec 7:11 wisdom is good with an inheritance (other trans. see in VB); ‖יָפֶה Ec 5:17; c. עֵחָה 2 S 17:7, 17:14 good advice; טוב פתר Gn 40:16 (E) that he interpreted well; טוב הדבר (לא) Ex 18:17 (E) the thing is (not) good, wise, so Dt 1:14, 1 S 26:16; דבר(ה)טוב the word is good, is well said 1 S 9:10, 1 K 2:38, 2:42, 18:24, 2 K 20:19 = Is 39:8, for which abbreviated טוב well! good! exclamation Ru 3:13, 1 S 20:7, 2 S 3:13, 1 K 2:18; followed by כּי it is good that 2 S 18:3, Ru 2:22, La 3:27, Jb 10:3 (cf. 13:9 2 e); c. inf. Gn 2:18 (J), Ps 73:28, 92:2, 147:1, Pr 25:27 (cf. sub 10); with וְ (strangely) טוֹב וְיָחִיל וגו׳ La 3:26 it is good that one wait (v. דּוּמָם, יָחִיל); בלא דעת נֶפֶשׁ לא טוב Pr 19:2 that a soul be without knowledge is not good.

6. c. מִן compar. = better, sq. inf. Gn 29:19 (E), Ex 14:12 (J), Ps 118:8, 118:9, Pr 16:19, 25:7, Ec 6:9, 7:2; inf. om. Pr 21:9, 21:19, 25:24; מן om. Nu 14:3 (J; compar. only implied); c. מן pers. Ju 15:2, Ru 4:15, 1 S 1:8, 9:2, 15:28, 1 K 2:32, 19:4, 2 Ch 21:13, Pr 12:9, 16:32, 19:1, 19:22, 27:10, 28:6, La 4:9, Est 1:19, Ec 4:3, 4:9, 4:13, 6:3, 7:5, 7:8; c. מן rei Ju 8:2, 1 S 15:22, 2 S 17:14, 1 K 21:2, 2 K 5:12, Ho 2:9, Am 6:2, Is 56:5, Jon 4:3, 4:8, Ps 37:16, 63:4, 84:11, 119:72, Pr 3:14, 8:11, 8:19, 15:16, 15:17, 16:8, 16:16, 17:1, 22:1, 27:5, Ct 1:2, Ec 4:6, 7:1, 7:3, 7:8, 7:10, 9:4, 9:16, 9:18; sq. -מִשֶּׁ Ec 5:4; אִם…הֲ …מַה־טּוֹב is it better … or ? Ju 9:2; אוֹ…הֲטוב 18:19; אין -טוב שֶׁ Ec 2:24 (rd. -מִשֶּׁ v. Comm.); אין טוב מאשׁר Ec 3:22; אין טוב כִי אִם Ec 3:12, 8:15; so 1 S 27:1 LXX We Dr Klo Kit Bu (MT only כי c. Impf.)

7. of man's sensuous nature, glad, happy, prosperous: טוב לב merry, glad heart Pr 15:15, Est 5:9, Ec 9:7; טוֹבֵי לב 1 K 8:65 = 2 Ch 7:10; טובים וַנּהיה Je 44:17 we were prosperous; similarly Ps 112:5.

8. of man's intellectual nature, שֵׂכֶל טוֹב good understanding 2 Ch 30:22, Ps 111:10, Pr 3:4, 13:15; טוֹבַת שֶׂכֶל 1 S 25:3.

9. good, kind, benign: a. of men, themselves 1 S 25:15, 2 S 18:27, 2 Ch 10:7; the eye Pr 22:9; דברים טובים kind words 1 K 12:7 = 2 Ch 10:7. b. of God, himself Na 1:7, 2 Ch 30:18, Ps 86:5; כי טוב for he is good, kind Ps 34:9, 100:5, 135:3, Je 33:11; כי טוב כי לעולם חסדוֹ 1 Ch 16:34, 2 Ch 5:13, 7:3, Ezr 3:11, Ps 106:1, 107:1, 118:1, 118:29, 136:1; טוב לְ kind to 73:1, 145:9, La 3:25; טובה על(ה)יד Ezr 7:9, 8:18, Ne 2:8, 2:18; טובה(ה)רוחךָ 9:20, Ps 143:10; שׁמךָ כי טוב 52:11, 54:8; כּי טוב חסדךָ 69:17, 109:21; (ים)הטוב (ים)הדבר the good, kind word(s) spoken in promise Jos 21:43, 23:14, 23:15 (D), 1 K 8:56, Je 29:10, 33:14, Zc 1:13.

10. good (ethical), right: מה טוב ‖ what Yahweh requires Mi 6:8, ‖משׁפט Jb 34:4: a. of man himself ‖ישׁר Mi 7:4; אישׁ טוב Pr 14:14; (ים)טוב(ה) = (the) good 2 Ch 19:11, Ps 125:4, Pr 2:28, 12:2, 13:22, 14:19, 15:3, Ec 9:2, 9:2; man's deeds דברים 2 Ch 2:12, 19:3; מעשׂה 1 S 19:4, Ec 12:14; מעללים Ez 36:31; דֶּרֶח הטובה והישׂרה 1 S 12:23 the good and right way; (ה)טוב(ה)דֶּרֶח (הַ) (the) good way 1 K 8:36 = 2 Ch 6:27, Is 65:2, Je 6:16, Ps 36:5, Pr 16:29; דבריךָ טובים ונכחים 2 S 15:3 good and right is thy case; דבר טוב good thing 1 K 14:13; לא טוב הדבר Ne 5:9; אשׂר לא טוב עשׂה Ez 18:18; so of מאזני מרמה etc., Pr 20:23; לא טוב c. inf. (v. 5 it is not good or right to: ענושׁ לחדּיק Pr 17:26; פני רשׁע שׂאת 18:5; הכּר פנים 28:21, 24:23 (בל טוב). b. of God טוב אתה ומטיב Ps 119:68; טוב וישׁר יהוה 25:8; משׁפטיך טובים 119:39; his commands מחות Ne 9:13; חקים Ez 20:25 (לא טובים); לקח טוב Pr 4:2; מפי עליון לא תחא הרעות והטוב La 3:38.

† III. טוֹב n.m.:Je 17:6 (cf. טוֹבָה n.f.) a good thing. benefit, welfare:—ט׳ Gn 26:29 + 134 t.;—

1. welfare, prosperity, happiness: ‖שָׁלוֹם Is 52:7, Je 8:15, 14:19; אם טוב ואם רע 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יבוא טוב 17:6 prosperity cometh; שׂמח בט׳ Dt 26:11, 2 Ch 6:41; ראה בט׳ Ec 2:1 Je 29:32; obj. of ראה Ps 4:7, 34:13, Ec 2:24, 3:13, Jb 7:7; of דרשׁ Est 10:3; of בקשׁ Ps 122:9; מנע 84:12 Je 5:25; נתן Ps 85:13; קוה Jb 30:26; מחא Pr 16:20, 17:20, 18:22, 19:8; נחל Pr 28:10; חסר Ps 34:11; בשׂר 1 K 1:42, Is 52:7; חול לט׳ Mi 1:12; חכמה וט׳ 1 K 10:7; טוב וחסד Ps 23:6; בטוב in prosperity 25:13, Jb 21:13, 36:11, Ec 7:14; מטוב because of prosperity Zc 1:17; afar from happiness Ps 39:3; כטוב Ho 10:1; לטוב Dt 30:9, Je 15:11; לטוב לָנוּ Dt 6:24 for good to us, = for our good, 10:13 (לְךָ), Je 32:39 (לָהֶם; cf. לרע ל Je 7:6 25:7).

2. good things, (coll.) ת(ו)ברכ ט׳ blessing of good things Ps 21:4, Pr 24:25; מִלֵּא בָתֵּיהֶם ט׳ Jb 22:18 filled their houses with good things; obj. of שׂבע Psalm 104:28, Pr 12:14; מלא Ps 107:9; אכל Pr 13:2, Is 55:2; לקח Ho 14:3; השׂביע בט׳ Ps 103:5; goods, possessions 1 S 15:9.

3. good = benefit: גְּמָלַתְהוּ טוֹב וְלאֹ־רָע Pr 31:12 she doeth him good and not evil; תַּאֲוַת חַדִּיקִים אַח־טוֹב Pr 11:23 the desire of the righteous is only good; obj. of קבּל Jb 2:10; מנע Pr 3:27; שׁחר 11:27; שׁלּם 13:21; עשׂה Gn 26:29 (J), Ps 119:65; היטיב Nu 10:32 (J); ערב לט׳ Ps 119:122; חֹרְשֵׁי ט׳ Pr 14:22 who devise good.

4. moral good, ידע טוב ורע Gn 2:9, 2:17, 3:5, 3:22 (J), Dt 1:39; בין טוב לרע 2 S 19:36; in antithesis with רע elsewh. Dt 30:15, 2 S 14:17, 1 K 3:9, Is 5:20, 5:20, 7:15, 7:16, Am 5:14, 5:15, Mi 3:2, Ps 34:15, 37:27, 52:5; זנח ט׳ Ho 8:3 cast off good; עשׂה טוֹב do good Ps 14:1, 14:3 = 53:2, 53:4, 37:3, Ec 7:20, in 3:12 this mng. seems less fitting; rd. perh. לִרְאוֹת ט׳ (Gr, v. also De) and tr. to 1; רדף ט׳ Ps 38:21 pursue good; מַעְגַּל־ט׳ Pr 2:9 path of good.

† טוֹב אֲדוֹנִיָּה n.pr.m. (good is my Lord, י׳)—וַאֲדֹנִיָּהוּ וְטוֹבִיָּהוּ וְטוֹב אֲדוֹנִיָּה in list of Levites assigned to reign of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 17:8, but txt. suspicious; LXXL τωβαδωνια, but LXX only τωβαδωβεια for all three names.

† טוּב n.m.:Jb 20:21 good things, goods, goodness;—ט׳ Gn 24:10 + 17 t.; sf. טוּבִי Ex 33:19, Je 31:14; טוּבְךָ Ps 25:7 + 4 t.; טוּבוֹ Ho 3:5 + 2 t.; טוּבָהּ Ne 9:36, Je 2:7; טוּבָם Jb 21:15; —not in HP Chr Ez or postex. proph.—

1. good things, coll., produce of the land to be eaten Gn 45:18, 45:20, 45:23 (E), Is 1:19, Je 2:7, Ezr 9:12, Ne 9:35, 9:36, to be enjoyed; good things of י׳ as given by him Ho 3:5, Je 31:12, 31:14, Ps 27:13; of house of י׳ Ps 65:5, fig. of spiritual blessings.

2. goods, property Gn 24:10 (J), Dt 6:11, 2 K 8:9, Ne 9:25.

3. abstr.: a. fairness, beauty, of neck of heifer Ho 10:11; of people of י׳ Zc 9:17; of י׳ himself Ex 33:19 (JE). b. (ב)טוּב לב joy of heart Dt 28:47, Is 65:14 (v. I. טוֹב 2, II. ט׳ 7). c. prosperity Jb 20:21, 21:16; of Jerusalem Ps 128:5; בְּטוּב חַדִּיקִים Pr 11:10 in the prosperity of the righteous the city rejoiceth. d. goodness of taste, discernment Ps 119:66.

4. abstr., goodness of God: a. in bestowing good things Ne 9:25. b. in the salvation of his people Is 63:7, Ps 25:7, 145:7. c. stored up for his saints Ps 31:20.

† טוֹבָה n.f. welfare, benefit, good things, good;—abs. ט׳ Dt 28:11 + 54 t.; cstr. טוֹבַת Ps 106:5; sf. טוֹבָתִי Ps 16:2 etc. + 4 t. sfs.; pl. טוֹבוֹת Je 12:6; טֹבוֹת 2 K 25:28, Je 52:32; sf. טוֹבֹתָיו Ne 6:19; —

1. welfare, prosperity, happiness: ‖שׁלום Dt 23:7, Je 33:9, Ezr 9:12, La 3:17; יוֹם טובה Ec 7:14 day of prosperity; טוֹבָתִי בַּל־עָלָיךָ Ps 16:2 is not my welfare dependent upon thee? תְּבוֹאָֽתְךָ ט׳ Jb 22:21 prosperity shall come to thee; לטובה Gn 50:20 (E), Dt 28:11, 30:9, 2 Ch 18:7, Je 14:11; לרעה ולא לטובה Am 9:4, Je 21:10, 39:16, 44:27; obj. of vb. בקּשׁ Ne 2:10; הביא Je 32:42; ראה Jb 9:25, Ec 5:17, 6:6; אבּד Ec 9:18; ראה בט׳ Ps 106:5; חסר מט׳ Ec 4:8; obj. of אכל fig. Jb 21:25 = taste happiness; of שׂבע Ec 6:3; after נחם על Je 18:10.

2. good things (coll.): a. of good words, obj. of דבּר 1 S 25:30, 2 S 7:28 = 1 Ch 17:26, Je 18:20; pl. דבּר טובות Je 12:6, 52:32 = 2 K 25:28. b. of material possessions ברבות הט׳ Ec 5:10 when good things increase.

3. bounty, good שְׁנַת טוֹבָתֶָךָ Ps 65:12 year of thy bounty (harvest bestowed by God), so also טובתך Ps 68:11; עשׂה ט׳(ה) Ex 18:9 (E), Nu 24:13 (JE), Ju 8:35, 9:16, 1 S 24:19, 2 S 2:6, 1 K 8:66 = 2 Ch 7:10, 2 Ch 24:16, Je 33:9; obj. of נמל 1 S 24:18; שׁלּם 1 S 24:20; רעה תחת טובה Gn 44:4 (J), 1 S 25:21, Ps 35:12, 38:21, 109:5, Pr 17:13, Je 18:20; תחת קללה ט׳ 2 S 16:12; זכר לי לט׳ remember it for me for good Ne 5:19 13:31; לטובה Ezr 8:22, Ne 2:18, Je 24:5, 24:6, Ps 86:17; pl. מוֹבֹתָיו Ne 6:19 his benefits (i.e. good deeds of Tobiah).

† טוֹבִיָּ֫הוּ, טוֹבִיָּה n.pr.m. (Yah(u) is my good)—

1. טוֹבִיָּהוּ a Levite, assigned to reign of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 17:8, not LXX; LXXL Τωβιας, elsewhere טוֹבִיָּה LXX Τωβια(ς).

2. Ammonite adversary of Nehem. Ne 2:10, 2:19, 3:35, 4:1, 6:1, 6:12, 6:14, 6:17, 6:17, 6:19, 13:4, 13:7, 13:8.

3. head of a family of returning exiles of doubtful lineage Ezr 2:60 = Ne 7:62.

4. a chief of returning exiles Zc 6:10, 6:14, LXX χρησίμων (-μοις) αὐτῆς, i.e. טוֹבֶיהָ.

† IV. טוֹב n.pr.loc. (perh. fr. above √)—a region beyond Jordan, N. or NE. of Gilead, prob. Aramean; אֶרֶץ טוֹב Ju 11:3, 11:5, LXX Τωβ; טוֹב אישׁ 2 S 10:6, 10:8 men of Ṭôb, LXX (Ε)ιδτωβ; = Τούβιον, Τώβιον 1 Macc 5:13; identif. by Conder:Handb. 295 with southern Bashan, where is still Taiyibeh, 12 m. SE. from Sea of Galilee.

† [טָוָה] vb. spin (NH id.; Aram. מַטְוַוְיְתָא spider Jb 8:14 Targum (but Syr. ܛܘܳܐ = roast, broil, v. Dr:JPh xi, 1882, 207); As. ṭâmû (ṭâuû), spin, Hpt:ZA, 1887, 274 Dl:HWB 302; Ar. طَوَي fold, wind; Eth. t’awaya:: be twisted)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. טָווּ work of women of Isr. Ex 35:25 abs., v:26 sq. acc. אֶת־הָעִזִּים goats, i.e. goats' hair (P).

† מַטְוֶה n.[m.] that which is spun, yarn, Ex 35:25 (P).

† [טוּחַ] vb. over-spread, over-lay, coat, besmear (NH id.; cf. Ar. طَاخَ re foeda contaminatus fuit, or contaminavit; مُطَيَّخُ camel smeared with tar);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְטָח consec. Lv 14:42 (on טַח Is 44:18 v. טחח); 3 pl. טָחוּ Ex 22:28; טַחְתֶּם Ez 13:12, 13:14 Inf. cstr. לָטוּחַ 1 Ch 29:4; Pt. pl. טָחִים Ez 13:10 + 2 t.; cstr. טָחֵי Ez 13:11; only P Ez Ch;—over-spread, coat (c. acc. of house) with earth (clay, עָפָר) Lv 14:42; over-lay (walls with gold and silver) c. acc. of wall 1 Ch 29:4; metaph. of coating over Jerusalem, under fig. of a wall, with a superficial coating, to hide its real weakness Ez 13:15 (acc. of wall), v:12 c. acc. of coating (טִיחַ); with תָּפֵל (q.v.) v:11; c. 2 acc. v:10, v:14, v:15; cf. תָּפֵל וּנְבִיאֶיהָ טָחוּ להם Ez 22:28 where sf. ref. to oppressive nobles, i.e. the prophets ‘whitewash’ for them (their evil deeds). Niph. Inf. cstr. הִטּוֹחַ be coated (with עפר) Lv 14:43; and, fully, הִטֹּחַ את־הבית 14:48 (both P).

† טִיחַ n.[m.] a coating, only אַיֵּה הַטִּיחַ אֲשֶׁר טַחְתֶּם Ez 13:12.

† טֻחוֹת n.f.pl. inward parts (as covered over, concealed)—טֻחוֹת of seat of faithfulness, אֱמֶת חָפַחְתָּ בַּטּ׳ Ps 51:8 faithfulness thou desirest in the inward parts, i.e. in the heart (‖סָתֻם); of seat of wisdom חָכְמָה מִי שָׁת בַּטּ׳ Jb 38:36 (‖שֶׂכְוִי q.v.); fr. context this can hardly = heart of man (kidneys, ‘reins,’ Targum, Jewish interpr., v. NHWB ii, 144 al.), but is rather cloud-layers (as dark, hidden spaces, v. Di VB); their ‘wisdom’ appears in their obedience to natural law.

טוט, טיט (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

† טִיט n.m. mud, mire, clay(NH id.; As. ṭîṭu, id., Flood Tab1. iii, 10. 25)—abs. טִיט Jb 41:22 + 6 t.; cstr. id. Mi 7:10 + 5 t.;—

1. mud, mire of streets (always in sim. of contempt, ignominious treatment) חוּחוֹת ט׳ Mi 7:10, Ps 18:43 = 2 S 22:43, Zc 9:3, 10:5; of Jeremiah's dungeon Je 38:6, 38:6; of mire in which crocodile lies Jb 41:22; cast up by sea Is 57:20 (‖רֶפֶשׁ); of a bog (fig. of distress) Ps 69:15 and הַיָּוֵן ט׳ Ps 40:3.

2. poet. of potter's clay (‖חֹמֶר) Is 41:25, brick-clay (‖ id.) Na 3:14.

טוֹטָפֹת, טֹטָפֹת v. טטף. p. 377

[טוּל] vb. Pilp. etc., hurl, cast (Ar. غطَالَ be extended, elongated; v. Hom:NS 87 who comp. As. tâlu, Aram. ܛܰܝܶܠ, טַיֵּל all walk about (cf. spatiari, fr. spatium); Eth. 0ant’4lala:: hang loosely, 0ant’4l0: expand)—Pilp. Pt. טְטַלְטֶלְךָ טַלְטֵלָה גָ֫בֶר Is 22:17 hurleth thee violently. Hiph. Pf. הֵטִיל Jon 1:4; וְהֵטַלְתִּ֫י Je 16:13, 22:26; Impf. וַיָּ֫טֶל 1 S 18:11 (but v. infr.), 20:33; אֲטִילֶָךָ Ez 32:4 (LXX Co om.) וַיָּטִ֫לוּ Jon 1:5; וַיְטִלֻהוּ Jon 1:15; cast, cast out, of casting a javelin (חֲנִית) 1 S 18:11 (but rd. here וַיִּטֹל, √ נטל, and took up, so LXX Targum Th We Kp Kit, v. also Dr); 20:33 sq. על pers. aimed at; Jonah אֶל־הַיָּם Jon 1:12, 1:15; also the cargo כֵּלִים 1:5; fig. of י׳ casting Pharaoh על־פני השׂדה Ez 32:4 (Co del. v. supr.; ‖וּנְטַשְׁתִּיךָ בָאָרֶץ); hurl (send violently), of י׳ sending furious wind Jon 1:4; fig. of hurling king of Judah, etc. into exile Je 16:3 sq. acc. + מעל of land from which, and על of that to which; Je 22:26 c. acc. + על of land to which. Hoph. Pf. הוּטֲלוּ Je 22:28; Impf. יוּטַל Pr 16:33; יוּטָָל Ps 37:24; יֻטַָָל Jb 41:1; —

1. be hurled, e.g. into exile Je 22:28 (‖הֻשְׁלְכוּ); hurled down, headlong, כִּי יִפֹּל לאֹ יוּטָָל Ps 37:24 when he falls he shall not be hurled headlong (fig. of a good man); יֻטַָָל Jb 41:1 be overwhelmed, at sight of the crocodile.

2. of inanimate thing, be cast, thrown, the lot בַּחֵיק יוּטַל אֶת־הַגּוֹרָל Pr 16:33.

† טַלְטֵלָה n.f. a hurling, Is 22:17, v. supr. Pilp., lit. hurleth thee with a hurling, O man; rd. perh. (Du), with a diff. word-division, טַלְטֵל הַגֶּבֶר (inf. abs.)

טוּר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. طَارَ go or hover about, approach, طَوْرُ limit, border).

† טוּר n.m.:Ex 28:17 row—abs. ט׳ Ex 28:17 + 9 t.; cstr. id. 28:17 + 3 t.; pl. טוּרִים 28:17 + 7 t.; טֻרִים 1 K 7:20; cstr. טוּרֵי Ex 39:10 + 2 t.;—

1. row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon's house 1 K 6:36, 7:12; forming enclosures in corner of court Ez 46:23a; of beams 6:36, 7:12, v. also 7:4 (Th Klo, v. שֶׁקֶף, שְׁקֻפִים); of pillars 7:2, 7:3.

2. row of jewels, on high priest's breast-piece Ex 28:17, 28:17, 28:17, 28:18, 28:19, 28:20, 39:10, 39:10, 39:10, 39:11, 39:12, 39:13 (all P); of pomegranates on capitals of pillars in temple 1 K 7:20, 7:42, 2 Ch 4:13, so also prob. 1 K 7:18, v. Th Klo, after LXX; of knops round the molten sea 7:24, cf. 2 Ch 4:3 (oxen הַבָּקָר, erron. for הַפְּקָעִים 1 K 7:24).

† [טִירָה] n.f. encampment, battlement (fr. idea of surrounding, enclosure; Syr. ܛܝܳܪܳܐ sheepfold, ἔπαυλις)—cstr. טִירַת Ct 8:9; טִירָתָם Ps 69:25; pl. טִירוֹת Ez 46:23; sf. טִירֹתָם Nu 31:10, Gn 25:16; טִירוֹתָם 1 Ch 6:39; טִירוֹתֵיהֶם Ez 25:4; —

1. encampment, esp. of circular encampment of nomad tribes, mentioned with חחר Gn 25:16; with ערים Nu 31:10, Ez 25:4 (‖מִשׁכניהם); encampment (poet.) = habitation Ps 69:26 (‖אהליהם ); more gen., 1 Ch 6:39 (‖מושׁבות).

2. in metaph. כָָּסֶף ט׳ Ct 8:9 a battlement of silver.

3. row of stones, only pl. טִירוֹת Ez 46:23, virtually pl. of טוּר 1, q.v.

† יְטוּר n.pr.m. and gent.(perh. connected etymolog. with טִירָה v. Gn 25:16)—a ‘ son ’ of Ishmael Gn 25:15 = 1 Ch 1:31 = tribe with which Reuben, Gad, and half Manasseh made war 1 Ch 5:19; 'Ιτονραἰὀ τε Κὰ ̓́Αραβες Strabo:xvi, 2, 18, ̓Ιτονρὰονς Joseph:Ant. xiii. 11, 3 ed. Niese; they gave name to their region, which was, substantially, Anti-Lebanon, cf. τῆς ̓Ιτονρὰας κὰ Τραχων̀τιδος χ́ρας Luke 3:1; on יְטוּר and (later) n.pr.terr. Ituraea, v. esp. GASm:Geogr. 544 ff. and reff.

† [טוּשׂ] vb. rush, dart (Aram. ܛܳܣ, טוּס fly)—only Qal Impf. כְּנֶשֶׁר יָטוּשׁ עֲלֵי אָֹכֶל Jb 9:26 like a vulture, which rusheth upon its food (sim. of swiftly passing days of Job's life).

† [טָחָה] vb. hurl, shoot (NH id.; Ar. طَحَي spread, extend, carry far with, e.g. a ball Lane:1832c)—only Pil. Pt. (Ges:§ 75 R 18) pl. cstr. הַרְחֵק כִּמְטַחֲוֵי קֶשֶׁת Gn 21:16 (E), lit. making distant like shooters of a bow = about a bowshot off.

† [טָחַח] vb. be besmeared—only Qal Pf. 3 ms. טַח מֵרְאוֹת עֵינֵיהֶם Is 44:18 their eyes have been besmeared so that they do not see, v. Di Du, and on sg. c. subj. pl. Ges:§ 145, 7a; others regard טַח as metaplastic pointing for טָח fr. טוח, v. Sta:§ 385d.

† [טָחַן] vb. grind (NH crush, olives, etc.; Aram. ܛܚܶܢ טְחַן grind; Ar. طَحَنَ grind; Eth. t.h.n:: polenta, farina bordacea)—Qal Pf. וְטָֽחֲנוּ Nu 11:8; Impf. וַיִּטְחַן Ex 32:20; 3 fs. תִּטְחַן Jb 31:10; 2 mpl. תִּטְחָָנוּ Is 3:15; Inf. abs. טָחוֹן Dt 9:21; Imv. fs. טַחֲנִי Is 47:2; Pt. טוֹחֵן Ju 16:21; טֹחֲנוֹת Ec 12:3; —grind, the work of women, c. acc., with millstones רֵחַיִם Nu 11:8 (JE; obj. the manna), Is 47:2 (obj. קָָמַח), this fig. of humiliation of Babylon; abs. Ju 16:21; תטחן לאחר אשׁתי Jb 31:10, i.e. serve him as his slave; no obj. expr. Ex 32:20 (E), Dt 9:21 (of golden calf); הַטֹּחֲנוֹת Ec 12:3 = the teeth (cf. Ar. طَوَاحِنُ molar teeth; so in Lexx Syr. ܛܰܚܳܢܐܬܳܐ, ܛܰܚܳܢܳܝܳܬܳܐ); פְּנֵי עֲנִיִּים ט׳ Is 3:15 the face of the poor ye grind, fig. of extreme oppression.

† טְחוֹן n.[m.] grinding-mill, hand-mill; only נָשָָׂאוּ בַּחוּרִים ט׳ La 5:13 the young men have borne the mill (i.e. been compelled to bear it).

† טַחֲנָה n.f. mill = foregoing, בִּשְׁפַל קוֹל הַטּ׳ Ec 12:4 when the sound of the mill is low (cf. v:3, sub vb. supr.)

טחר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. طَحَرَ eject; Aram. טְחַר ܛܚܰܪ strain at stool, t.h.oro0 dysentery).

† [טְחוֹר] n.m.:1 S 6:4 only pl. tumours, result of dysentery (v. Aram. √) (so Aram. טְחוֹרַיָּא, ܛܚܽܘܪܳܐ)—chiefly Qr for Kt עפלים, עפלֵי hemorrhoids: viz. טְחֹרִים Dt 28:27, 1 S 5:6, 5:9, 5:12; טְחֹרֵי זֶהָב 6:4; חַלְמֵי טְחֹרֵיכֶם 6:5; twice it has found its way into the Kt טְחֹרֵי הַזָּהָב 6:17, חַלְמֵי טְחֹרֵיהֶם 6:11; We:Sam. 27n., cf. Gei:Urschrift 408 f.

טטף (perh. √ of foll.; meaning dub.; Dl:Pr 46 comp. As. ṭaṭâpu, surround, encircle; Thes Di prop. √ טוף (cf. Ar. طَافَ go around), whence טוטפות = טפטפוֹת; Kn., foll. by Klein:JPTh 1881, 673 al., assumes √ טפף tap, strike, comp. δτ̀γμα, and thinks of actual sign or mark in the flesh as orig. meant).

† טוֹטָפוֹת n.f.pl. bands (NH טוֹטֶפֶת Aram. טוֹטֶפְתָּא and esp. pl. טוטפין id.)—alw. bands, frontlet-bands, between the eyes (‖אוֹת על יד; cf. זִכָּרוֹן בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ Ex 13:9 ‖ id.); fig. of dedication of firstborn לְטוֹטָפֹת בין עיניך…וְהָיָה Ex 13:16 (JE); of commandments of י׳, וְהָיוּ לְטו׳ Dt 11:18 and וְהָיוּ לְטֹטָפת Dt 6:8.—This injunction, orig. fig. for perpetual remembrance (otherwise Kn, and Klein:l.c. 666 ff., vid. supr., Benz:Arch. 111 Now:Arch. i. 134), was taken literally by later Jews, and hence the custom of wearing phylacteries; v. Di (on Ex 13:16) Winer:RE Ri:HWB (art. Denkzettel) Smith:Dict. Bib. (art. Frontlets) Sta:ZAW 1894, 312 f., 317.

טִיחַ v. sub טוּחַ. p. 376

טִיט v. sub טוּט. p. 376

טִירָה v. sub טוּר. p. 377

טַל v. sub I. טלל. below

† [טָלָא] vb. patch, spot (NH id., patch)—Qal Pt. pass. טָלוּא Gn 30:32, 30:32, 30:33; pl. טְלֻאִים v:35, v:39; טְלֻאוֹת Ez 16:16; טְלֻאֹת) Gn 30:35; chiefly of spotted, variegated sheep and goats (Jacob & Laban); ‖נָקֹד, נְקֻדִּים Gn 30:32, 30:32, 30:33, 30:35; ‖עקדים Gn 30:35; ‖ both, v:39 (all J); of high places, variegated (gaily-coloured shrines) Ez 16:16. Pu. Pt. מְטֻלָּאוֹת patched, of sandals Jos 9:5 (JE).

† I. טְלָאִים n.pr.loc. c. art. הַטְּל׳, place where Saul mustered his forces 1 S 15:4, prob. = טֶלֶם q.v.

II. טְלָאִים v. following.

טלה (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; Ar. طلو, طلي is tie a lamb to a stake, confine; Syr. ܛܰܠܶܐ is make young, both appar. denom.; Lag:Armen. Stud. § 2229 finds earlier form of טָלֶה in Armenian).

† טָלֶה n.m.:1 S 7:9 lamb (NH id., lamb; Aram. טַלְיָא lamb, youth, טַלְיְתָא girl, ܛܰܠܝܳܐ boy, youth, ܛܠܺܝܬܳܐ girl (cf. Mk 5:41 SyrVer); Ar. طَلَنا young of cloven-footed animals, esp. young gazelle Hom:NS 235, Nedj. tully, male lamb, Doughty:Arab. Desert. i. 429, ii. 269; Eth. t’ali: flock of goats, goat, kid)—טְלֵה חָלָב 1 S 7:9 sucking lamb (for burnt-offering); in prediction זְאֵב וְטָלֶה יִרְעוּ Is 65:25 wolf & lamb shall feed; טְלָאִים pl. of foregoing, only Is 40:11 in metaph. of י׳ shepherding his people.

טלטלה v. sub טוּל.

I. טלל (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; perh. denom. are Ar. طَلَّ (the sky) rained fine rain; Eth. t’ala: be (moist), fat, II. fertilize).

† טַל n.m.:Ju 6:37 night-mist, dew (NH טַל dew; Aram. ܛܰܠܳܐ, טַלָּא dew; Ar. طَلُّ light rain, dew; Eth. t’al: dew)—ט׳ abs. 1 S 1:21 + 12 t.; טָָל Ju 6:13 + 9 t.; cstr. טַל Gn 27:28 + 4 t.; sf. טַלֶָּךָ Is 26:19, טַלָּם Zc 8:12; —night-mist, taking place of our dew (v. Che Is 18:4 & Ps 110:3; Lane:1862, Neil: Pal. Explored 129); as coming from the sky and bringing fertility, טַל הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 27:28 (God gives it, נתן), & v:39 (+ מֵעָָל), cf. Dt 33:28 (heavens distil it, ערף), Hg 1:10, Zc 8:12 (heavens give it, נתן); in Dt 33:13 rd. perh. מֵעָָל for מִטַּל (v. ‖ Gn 49:25 and Di); clouds distil it (רעף) Pr 3:20; sq. עַל, it descends (ירד) upon the camp Nu 11:9 (JE); it is upon the ground Ju 6:39, 6:40, cf. 2 S 1:21 (+ מָטָר); upon the fleece Ju 6:37; is wrung out (מוץ) of the fleece v:38; remains through the night (לון) Jb 29:19, cf. שִׁכְבַת הַטּ׳ the lying of dew = the dew lying Ex 16:13, 16:14 (P; it goes up (עלה) in morning); it is in drops מִי הוֹלִיד אֶגְלֵי טָָל Jb 38:28; covers the head of one out at night Ct 5:2; it comes (היה) by word of prophet 1 K 17:1 (+ מָטָר); sim. of stealthy approach כַּאֲשֶׁר יִפֹּל הַטַּל עַל־הָאֲדָמָה 2 S 17:12; sim. denoting welcome and gentle refreshment, of speech, which distils (נזל) like it Dt 32:2 (poem; ‖שְׂעִירִים, רְבִיבִים); of fraternal unity כְּטַל חֶרְמוֹן Ps 133:3 (ירד על); of king's favour Pr 19:12 (על); of י׳'s kindness Ho 14:6; כְּעָב טַל Is 18:4 like a mist-cloud, of י׳'s quiet watching; of Jacob's influence among nations Mi 5:6 (מֵאֵת י׳ ט׳; ‖רְבִיבִים); טַל אוֹרֹת טַלֶָּךָ Is 26:19 a dew of light is thy dew (v. I. אוֹרָה, p. 21:b supr. and Baud: Stud. Sem. Rel. ii. 264 f.); as transitory, כַּטַּל מַשְׁכִּים הֹלֵךְ Ho 6:4 like the dew early departing, so 13:3 (both ‖עַנַן־בֹּקֶר); fig. of young warriors of king established by י׳, with flashing weapons, like dewdrops טַל יַלְדֻתֶָךָ Ps 110:3.

† II. [טָלַל] vb. cover over, roof, Aram. loan-word, v. חלל (ܛܰܠܶܠ cover over, esp. put on roof, ܬܰܛܠܺܝܠ roof, στέγη: so Palm. v. Eut:SBAk, 1885, 669)—only Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וִיטַלֲלֶנּוּ Ne 3:15 he built it (kept on building it, i.e. a city-gate) and covered it over (laid timbers to cover it, cf. קֵרוּהוּ they laid its timbers v:3, v:6; v. also בְּחֵל קֹרָתִי Gn 19:8 in the shadow of my roof).

טלם (√ of foll.; perh. cf. Ar. ظَلَمَ; Aram. טְלַם, ܛܠܰܡ; Eth. t’alama: all oppress, injure; in this case טֶלֶם, טַלְמֹן will be Aramaic names, since ظ = Heb. ח).

† טֶ֫לֶם n.pr.loc. et pers. 1. n.pr.loc. in the Negeb of Judah, Jos 15:24 = טלאים 1 S 15:4, rd. perh. טֵלָאם We Dr. We rds. טֵלָם also for חוילה 1 S 15:7, cf. Dr. 2. n.pr.m. one of the porters Ezr 10:24.

† טַלְמֹן, once טַלְמוֹן n.pr.m. name of porters.

1. 1 Ch 9:17, Ezr 2:42 = Ne 7:45.

2. Ne 11:19, 12:25 (טַלְמוֹן).

† I. טָמֵא vb. be or become unclean (NH Pi. pollute (ceremonially); Aram. טְמָא and esp. deriv., ܛܰܡܰܐ Pa. pollute; v. RS:K 307 ff.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ט׳ Lv 11:25 + 22 t.; 3 fs. טָֽמְאָה 12:2 + 2 t.; 2 fs. טָמֵאת Ez 22:4; pl. טָֽמְאוּ Lv 15:18; Impf. יִטְמָא Lv 5:3 + 34 t.; 3 fs. תִּטְמָא 12:2 + 4 t.; pl. יִטְמְאוּ Ps 106:39; Inf. טָמְאָה Lv 15:32 + 6 t.;—be or become unclean:

1. sexually, c. בְּ Lv 18:20, 18:23 (H), Ez 23:17; the land Lv 18:25, 18:27 (H).

2. religiously, with idols Ez 22:3; c. בְ v:4; with necromancers Lv 19:31 (H); by sacrificing children to idols Ps 106:39.

3. ceremonially, by contact with carcasses of unclean animals Lv 11:24, 11:27, 11:28, 11:31, 11:32, 11:33, 11:34, 11:34, 11:35, 11:36, 11:40 (P); any carcass 17:15 (H); eating of a carcass 22:8 (H); by issues 15:4, 15:9, 15:20, 15:20, 15:24, 15:27, 15:32 (P); by contact with an unclean man 5:3, 15:4 (P), 22:5 (H), or thing 22:6 (H); by leprosy 13:14, 13:46, 14:36, 14:46 (P); by contact with the dead Nu 6:12, 19:20 (P), Ez 44:25, or with one unclean by such contact Nu 19:22 (P), Hg 2:13, 2:13; by contact with creeping things Lv 22:5 (H); certain animals were alw. unclean 11:26, 11:27 (P). In ordinary cases of uncleanness טמא עד הערב unclean till even Lv 11:24, 11:25, 11:27, 11:28, 11:31, 11:32, 11:39, 11:40, 11:40, 14:46, 15:5, 15:6, 15:7, 15:8, 15:10, 15:10, 15:11, 15:16, 15:17, 15:18, 15:19, 15:21, 15:22, 15:23, 15:27, Nu 19:7, 19:8, 19:10, 19:21, 19:22 (all P), Lv 17:15, 22:6 (H); but uncleanness lasted 7 days for woman bearings a son Lv 12:2, 12:2 (P), for lying with woman having an issue 15:24 (P), or one coming in contact with the dead Nu 19:11, 19:14, 19:16 (P); it lasted 14 days for a woman bearing a daughter Lv 12:5 (P). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִטְמָא Ho 5:3, 6:10; 3 fs. נִטְמְאָה Nu 5:27, 5:28; נִטְמָָאָה 5:13 + 5 t.; 1 s. נִטְמֵאתִי Je 2:23; 2 m.pl. נִטְמֵתֶם Lv 11:43 (א omitted by scribal error; but Ges al. derive from טמה), etc. + 4 t. pf.; Pt. pl. נִטְמְאִים Ez 20:30, 20:31; —defile oneself, be defiled: 1. sexually, Lv 18:24 (H), Nu 5:13, 5:14, 5:14, 5:20, 5:27, 5; 28, 5:29 (P). 2. by idolatry conceived as whoredom Ho 5:3, 6:10, Je 2:23, Ez 20:30, 20:31, 20:43, 23:7, 23:13, 23:30. 3. ceremonially, by eating creeping things Lv 11:43.

4. be regarded as unclean (cf. Pi. 4), prob. נִטְמִינִוּ Jb 18:3 we are accounted as unclean; metal. from; on another view v. טמה. Pi. Pf. טִמֵּא Gn 34:5 + 15 t.; sf. טִמְּאוֹ Lv 13:8 + 3 t.; 2 fs. טִמֵּאת Ez 5:11, etc. + 7 t. Pf.; Impf. יְטַמֵּא 2 K 23:8, etc. + 12 t. Impf.; Imv. pl. טַמְּאוּ Ez 9:7; Inf. טַמֵּא Lv 13:44 + 2 t.; sf. טַמְּאָם 15:31, etc. + 4 t. Inf.;—defile: 1. sexually Gn 34:5, 34:13, 34:27 (R), Ez 18:6, 18:11, 18:15, 22:11, 33:26; the land by sexual impurities of the people Lv 18:28 (H); Isr. by spiritual whoredom Ez 23:17. 2. religiously: the land by bloodshed Nu 35:34 (P); by allowing the dead body of the murderer to hang on the tree over night Dt 21:23; by idolatry Je 2:7, Ez 36:17, 36:18; Isr. defiled the sacred places by the sacrifice of children Lv 20:3 (H), Ez 23:38, and God defiled him thereby 20:26; he defileth the sacred places by idolatry 2 Ch 36:14, Je 7:30 = 32:34, Ez 5:11; the holy name of י׳ 43:7, 43:8; Josiah defiled the idolatrous places of worship by destroying them and making them unfit for use 2 K 23:8, 23:10, 23:13, 23:16; of Isr. defiling idolatrous images Is 30:22, and the nations the temple of God Ps 79:1. 3. ceremonially: by ceremonial uncleanness, the sacred places Lv 15:31, Nu 19:13, 19:20 (P); the camp Nu 5:3 (P); the temple by dead bodies Ez 9:7; the Nazirite's head of separation by a death occurring in his presence Nu 6:9 (P); the people defile themselves (נפשׁתיכם) by creeping things Lv 11:44 (P). 4. pronounce or declare ceremonially unclean: the leper Lv 13:3, 13:8, 13:11, 13:15, 13:20, 13:22, 13:25, 13:27, 13:30, 13:44, 13:44, 13:59 (P); unclean animals 20:25 (H). Pu. Pt. נַפְשִׁי לאֹ מְטֻמָּאָה Ez 4:14 myself is not polluted. Hithp. Impf. יִטַּמָּא Lv 21:1 + 4 t.; pl. יִטַּמְּאוּ Ez 14:11, 37:23; יִטַּמָָּאוּ Ho 9:4, Ez 44:25, etc. + 6 t. Impf.—reflexive, defile oneself: by eating of an unaccepted peace-offering Ho 9:4; c. בְּ Lv 18:24, 18:30 (H), 11:43 (P), Ez 14:11, 20:7, 20:18, 37:23; c. לְ for a dead person Lv 21:1, 21:3, 21:11 (H), Nu 6:7 (P); by Lv 11:24 (P); without prep. 21:4 (H), Ez 44:25. Hothp. Pf. אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר חֻטַּמָָּאָה Dt 24:4 after that she has been defiled (sexually); on form v. Ges:§ 54. 3.

† II. טָמֵא adj. unclean;—ט׳ Lv 5:2 + 58 t.; cstr. טְמֵא 22:4 + 3 t.; f. טְמֵאָה 5:2 + 11 t.; cstr. טְמֵאַת Ez 22:5, 22:10; pl. טְמֵאִים Lv 11:8 + 10 t.;—unclean,

1. ethically and religiously שׂפתים ט׳ Is 6:5, 6:5 unclean of lips; השׁם ט׳ Ez 22:5 defiled of name, infamous; טהור מִטּ׳ Jb 14:4.

2. ritually: a. of persons, ‖טהור Dt 12:15, 12:22, 15:22, Ec 9:2; נפשׁ ט׳ Lv 22:4 (H); (אדם) לנפשׁ ט׳ unclean for a (dead) person Nu 5:2, 9:6, 9:7, 9:10 (P) = נפשׁ ט׳ Hg 2:13; elsewh. for various reasons Dt 26:14; Lv 5:2, 13:11, 13:16, 13:44, 13:45, 13:45, 13:46, 15:2, 15:25, 15:33, Nu 19:13, 19:17, 19:19, 19:20, 19:22 (all P), 2 Ch 23:19, Is 64:5, Ez 4:13, 22:10, La 4:15. b. of animals Lv 5:2, 5:2, 5:2, 5:2, 7:21, 7:21, 11:4, 11:5, 11:6, 11:7, 11:8, 11:26, 11:27, 11:28, 11:29, 11:31, 27:11, 27:27, Nu 18:15 (all P), Lv 20:25, 20:25 (H), Dt 14:7, 14:8, 14:10, 14:19. c. of things in gen. Lv 11:35, 11:35, 11:38, 15:26, Nu 19:15 (all P), Is 52:11; food Ju 13:4, Ho 9:3; houses Je 19:13; leprosy Lv 13:15, 13:51, 13:55, 14:44, 14:57 (P); offering Hg 2:14. d. persons and things in general כל טמא Lv 7:19, 7:21 (P); ובין הטהור הבדיל בין הט׳ Lv 10:10, 11:47; לטהור ט׳(ה)הודיע בין Ez 22:26, 44:23; of aliens Is 52:1 (‖עָרֵל), perhaps also 35:8.

3. specif. of places: מקום ט׳ unclean place (place of refuse away from holy place and human habitation) Lv 14:40, 14:41, 14:45 (P); טמאה ארץ land on the east of the Jordan separated from the land of the tabernacle of י׳ Jos 22:19 (P); so אדמה ט׳ a foreign land Am 7:17.

† טֻמְאָה n.f. uncleanness;—abs. ט׳ Nu 5:19 + 4 t.; cstr. טֻמְאַת Lv 5:3 + 4 t.; sf. טֻמְאָתֵח Ez 22:15 + 2 t. etc., 18 t. sfs.; pl. טֻמְאֹת Lv 16:16, 16:19; sf. טֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶם Ez 36:25, 36:29; טֻמְאֹתָם Lv 16:16; —

1. sexual Nu 5:19 (P), La 1:9.

2. of a foul or filthy mass Ez 24:11 (in a caldron), 2 Ch 29:16 (in the temple).

3. ethical and religious Lv 16:16 (P); Ez 22:15, 24:13, 39:24; כפר על הקדשׁ מט׳ Lv 16:16 (P); קדּשׁ מט׳ Lv 16:19 (P); טהר מט׳ Ez 24:13, 36:25; הושׁיע מכל ט׳ 36:29; רוּחַ הט׳ unclean spirit, which inspired the prophets to lie Zc 13:2.

4. ritual, of men Lv 5:3, 5:3, 7:20, 7:21, 14:19, 15:3, 15:3, 15:31, 15:31, Nu 19:13 (all P), Lv 22:3, 22:5 (H); women 2 S 11:4; וַיִּשְׁכַּב עִמָּהּ וְהִיא מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת מִטֻמְאָתָהּ v. Dr; a time favourable to conception RS:K 276; Lv 15:25, 15:26, 15:30 (P), 18:19 (H), Ez 36:17; of meats Ju 13:7, 13:14.

5. local, of the nations Ezr 6:21, 9:11.

† טָמְאָה n.f. uncleanness (טָֽמְאָה, Bear, seems to rest upon a misinterpretation of the form) Mi 2:10 (so Thes MV SS); of ethical uncleanness, from wrong-doing.

† [טָמָה] vb. only Niph. Pf. נִטְמִינוּ we are stopped up, stupid Jb 18:3 so Thes MV Di De Zö (Aram. טַמֵּם, טַמְטֵם stop up (e.g. of ear or heart), ܛܰܡܶܡ, etc., and deriv.; Ar. طَمَّ fill or choke up); Vulgate Ew Hgst AV RV Da SS take it as metaplastic for נִטְמֵאנוּ we are regarded as unclean, see Ew:§ 198 b Kö:i, 614; LXX rds. נִדְמִינוּ σεσιωπήκαμεν; Targum טְמַעֲנָא.

† טָמַן vb. hide, conceal, esp. in earth (NH id.; whence perh. Aram. טְמֵן keep, preserve; cf. Ar. طَمَرَ bury, hide (loan-word Frä:137); Aram. ܛܡܰܪ, טְמַר id.);—Qal Pf. טְמֵן Ps 35:8 + 2 t. etc; Impf. וֵיִּטְמֹן Gn 35:4, etc.; Imv. sf. טָמְנֵהוּ Je 13:4; טָמְנֵם Jb 40:13; Inf. cstr. לִטְמוֹן Jb 31:33, Ps 64:6; Pt. pass. טָמוּן Jb 3:16 + 3 t.; טְמוּנָה Jos 7:22; pl. טְמֻנִיוּ Jos 7:21; cstr. טְמוּנֵי Dt 33:19; —

1. hide, c. acc. Gn 35:4 (E), Ex 2:12 (E; dead body in sand), Jos 2:6 (JE; spies under flax-stalks), Jos 7:21, 7:22 (JE; Achan's theft), Je 13:4, 13:5, 13:6, 13:7 (Jer.'s girdle), 43:9, 43:10 (stones at Tahpanhes); hide, bury hand in dish (חַלָָּחַת) Pr 19:24, 26:15 (of עָחֵל the sluggard); נֵפֶל טָמוּן Jb 3:16 hidden abortion, i.e. a lifeless child at once buried; שְׂפֻנֵי טְמוּנֵי חול Dt 33:19 (poem); of hiding iniquity עון Jb 31:33; hiding the wicked in the dust עפר Jb 40:13.

2. often of hiding, concealing, secretly laying a snare רֶשֶׁת Ps 9:16, 35:8, sq. לִי 31:5; שַׁחַת רִשְׁתָּם 35:7; פַּח sq. לִי 140:6, 142:4; sq. לרגלי Je 18:22; חבל Jb 18:10; מוֹקשׁים Ps 64:5.

3. טָמוּן that which is darkened = darkness, Jb 40:13 nearly = שְׁאוֹל: פניהם חֲבשׁ בט׳ bind their faces in darkness (i.e. the wicked); hide = reserve Jb 20:26 all darkness is held in reserve for his treasures, i.e. all calamities are stored up for them. Niph. Imv. חִטָּמֵן בֶּעָפָר מִפְּנֵי פַּחַד י׳ Is 2:10 hide thyself in the dust, from before the terror of י׳. Hiph. (or Qal? Ba:ZMG 1889, 180) Impf. וַיֵּלִכוּ וַיַּטְמִנוּ 2 K 7:8, 7:8 and they went and hid (it), i.e. plunder fr. Aram. camp.

† מַטְמוֹן n.m. hidden treasure, treasure;—abs. מַטְמוֹן Gn 43:23; pl. מַטְמֹנִים Je 41:8, Pr 2:4; מַטְמוֹנִים Jb 3:21; cstr. מַטְמֻנֵי Is 45:3; (hidden) treasure Gn 43:23 (of money in sacks); מַטְמֻנֵי מִסְתָּרים Is 45:3 (i.e. treasures now hidden in secret places, shall become spoil of Cyrus; ‖אוחרות חשׁך), Je 41:8, appos. חִפִּים שְׁעֹרִים שֶׁמֶן דבשׁ; in compar. Jb 3:21 (longing for death more than for treasure), Pr 2:4 (wisdom sought for like treasure).

טנא (√ of foll.; Ph. טנא is set up, erect, also offer, present, acc. to DHM in MV:10, 983).

† טֶ֫נֶא n.m.:Dt 28:5 basket (NH טְנִי is a large metal vessel)—abs. טֶ֫נֶא Dt 26:4, טֶָנֶא v:2; sf. טַנְאֲךָ 28:5, 28:17; in all a receptacle for products of soil (in last two ‖מִשְׁאֶרֶת).

† [טָנַף] vb. soil, defile (NH Pi. id.; Aram. Pa. טַנֵּף, ܛܰܢܶܦ; As. ṭanâpu II, I, Dl:Pr 33; HWB 302; Ar. طَنِفَ is be suspicious, be intrinsically corrupt)—Pi. Impf. אֲטַנְּפֵם Ct 5:3 how should I soil them, i.e. my feet (poet. Aramaism).

† [טָעָה] vb. wander, stray (NH id., err; Aram. טְעָא, ܛܥܳܐ; Ar. طَغَ exceed just limit, be immoderate, extravagant, طَْغِيَةُ one who deviates from right way: Eth. t’a9ot: apostasy, superstition, idolatry)—Qal Pt. f. טֹעֲיָה(כְּ) Ct 1:7 like a wandering (vagrant) woman, for MT כְּעֹטְיָה acc. to SyrVer Sym. Targum Vulgate Bö Hi Gr al. Hiph. Pf. הִטְעוּ אֶת־עַמִּי Ez 13:10 fig., they have led astray my people.

† טָעַם vb. taste, perceive (NH id.; Aram. ܛܐܶܡ, טְעֵים taste; As. n. ṭêmû, sense, command, Zim:BP 92 Lyon:Sargontexte 67 Asrb:Annals iii, 95; Ar. طَعِمَ eat, taste, examine by tasting; Eth. t’9ma:, t’a9ama: taste, examine by tasting, etc.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ט׳ 1 S 14:24; 3 fs. טָֽעֲמָה Pr 31:18; 1 S. טָעַמְתִּי 1 S 14:29, 14:43; Impf. 3 ms. יִטְעַם 1 S 19:36 + 2 t.; 1 S. אֶטְעַם 2 S 3:35; 3 mpl. יִטְעֲמוּ Jon 3:7; Imv. mpl. טַעֲמוּ Ps 34:9; Inf. abs. טָעֹם 1 S 14:13; —

1. taste, of eating in small quantity, sq. acc. לָָחֶם 1 S 14:24, מְעַט דְּבַשׁ v:29, so v:43 (טָעִם טָעַמְתִּי); לֶחֶם אוֹ כָל־מְאוּמָה 2 S 3:35; מְאוּמָה Jon 3:7.

2. of sense of taste, obj. אֶת־אֲשֶׁר אֹכַל וְאֶת־אֲשֶׁר אֶשְׁתֶּה 2 S 19:36; so חֵח אֹכֶל יִטְעַם־לוֹ Jb 12:11; חֵח יִטְעֱַ לָאֱכֹל 34:3.

3. fig. Pr 31:18 she tasteth that her gain is good (obj. cl. c. כִּי), i.e. she experiences that her trade is profitable; so מַעֲמוּ וּרְאוּ כִּי־טוֹב יהוה Ps 34:9 taste ye and see that י׳ is good.

† טַ֫עַם n.m.:Je 48:11 taste, judegement—ט׳ abs. Jb 6:6, Ps 119:66; טָָעַם Pr 11:22, 26:16; cstr. טַעַם Nu 11:8 + 2 t.; sf. טַעְמוֹ Ex 16:31 + 4 t.; מַעְמֵךְ 1 S 25:33; —

1. taste of manna Ex 16:31 (P), Nu 11:8 (JE), cf. v:8; in juice of purslain Jb 6:6; of Moab under fig. of wine Je 48:11 (‖רֵיחַ).

2. fig. judgement, discretion, discernment, 1 S 25:33, Pr 11:22, Jb 12:20, so טוּב טַעַם וָדַעַת לַמְּדֵנִי Ps 119:66; מְשִׁיבֵי ט׳ Pr 26:16 those answering discretion, i.e. discreetly: שׁנה טעם change, disguise one's judgement, sense 1 S 21:13, Ps 34:1, of David feigning madness.

3. (late Aramaism, cf. Dn 3:10 etc.) decision, decree טַעַם מֶלָח וּגְּדֹלָיו Jon 3:7.

† [מַטְעָם] n.m. only pl. tasty or savoury food, dainties—מַטְעַמִּים Gn 27:4, 27:7, 27:9, 27:14, 27:17, 27:31 (all J); sf. מַטְעַמּוֹתָיו Pr 23:3; מַטְעַמֹּתָיו v:6.

† I. [טָעַן] vb. load (NH id.; Aram. ܛܥܶܡ, טְעֵן, טְעַן carry, also laod)—Qal Imv. טַעֲנוּ אֶת־בְּעִירְכֶם Gn 45:17 (E) load your beasts.

† II. [טָעַן] vb. pierce (Aram. Pa. טָעֵן pierce; Ar. طَعَنَ pierce, wound, goad)—only Pu. Pt. מְטֹעֲנֵי חָָרֶב Is 14:19 those pierced with a sword.

טַף v. sub טפף. below

† [טָפַח] vb. extend, spread (Ar. طَفَحَ be full to overflowing, abound; Aram. ܛܦܰܚ extend, spread; טְפוּחָא a step, foot-length; NH טֶפַח a span (cf. טֶפַח infr.))—Pi. Pf. טִפְּחָה Is 48:13; טִפַּחְתִּי La 2:22; —

1. spread out the heavens Is 48:13 (‖יָסְֽדָה ארץ).

2. denom. fr. טֶפַח carry on the palms, dandle La 2:22 (‖רִבִּיתִי I have brought up, reared).

† טִפֻּחִים n.m. pl. abstr. dandling, עֹלֲלֵי ט׳ La 2:20.

† טֶ֫פַח n.[m.] 1. a span, hand-breadth; 2. coping (?);—

1. a span, hand-breadth, טֶ֫פַח 1 K 7:26 = 2 Ch 4:5 of thickness of the molten sea; pl. טְפָחוֹת Ps 39:6 (a few) hand-breadths are my days.

2. architectural term, perh. coping, וּמִמַּסַּד עַד־הַטְּפָחוֹת 1 K 7:9.

† טֹ֫פַח n.m.:Ez 40:43 span, hand-breadth—alw. abs. טֹפַח Ex 25:25, 37:12 (both P), width of border of table in tabernacle; Ez 40:5, 43:13 addit. to common cubit; Ez 40:43 width of border (ledge) of four tables in new temple (Sm Co).

† מִטְפַּ֫חַת n.f. cloak, abs. הַמִּטְפַּחַת אֲשֶׁר־ עָלַיִח Ru 3:15; pl. הַמִּטְפָּחוֹת Is 3:22.

† [טָפַל] vb. smear or plaster (over), stick, glue (NH id., besmear, plaster; Aram. טְפַל id., fig. attack; טְפֵילָא mortar; ܛܦܶܠ defile; As. ṭapâlu, besmear (?), Dl:Pr 48; HWB)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. טָֽפְלוּ Ps 119:69; Impf. 2 ms. וַתִּטְפֹּל Jb 14:17 Pt. pl. cstr. טֹפְלֵי Jb 13:4; —טָֽפְלוּ עָלַי שֶׁקֶר זֵדִים Ps 119:69 insolent men have plastered falsehood over me, ‘making his real character unrecognisable’ (De); טִפְלֵי שֶׁקֶר Jb 13:4 ye are falsehood-plasterers (‖רֹפְאֵי אֱלִל); cf. As.amât tašḳirti tâpilti Ullusum, a speech of falsehood besmearing Ullusum, Dt:Pr 48; וַתִּטְפֹּל עֵל־עֲוֹנִי Jb 14:17 and thou hast glued over mine iniquity, i.e. glued it up, for safe keeping against the day of reckoning (‖חָתֻם בִּחְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי).

† טִפְסָר n.[m.] scribe, marshal (if meaning correct, then As. loan-word, fr. dupsarru, tablet-writer, scribe, v. Len:Langue Primit. de la Chaldeve, 365 Schr:COT on Je 51:27, Lotz:TP 180; dupsûarru, acc. to Dl:HWB 227)—pl. sf. טַפְסְרַיִח Na 3:17 (as if fr. טַפְסֵר) thy scribes, marshals, of high officials of Nineveh; abs. sg. פִּקְדוּ עָלֶיהָ טִפְסָר Je 51:27 appoint a marshal against her, i.e. against Babylon.—On military function of those skilled in writing cf. שֹׁטֵר.

† [טָפַף] vb. trip, take quick little steps (cf. Ar. طَفَّ pass by quickly, طَفَّافُ light, brisk, quick, of horse; poss. cf. Syr. ܛܰܦܛܶܦ flicker)—Qal Inf. abs. טָפֹף Is 3:16 הָלוֹךְ וְטָפֹף תֵּלַכְנָה, of women of Jerusalem.

טַף:42 n.m. coll. Children (as going with quick, tripping steps; Eth. t’af: Di:1251)—טַף Je 41:16 + 11 t.; טָָף Je 40:7 + 5 t.; sf. טַפֵּנוּ Gn 43:8 + 5 t.; טַפְּכֶם Gn 45:19 + 10 t.; טַפָּם Gn 34:29 + 6 t.; never cstr. and never pl. (in Gn 47:24 om. LXX, cf. Di);—children, little ones, Gn 34:29 (E) + 18 t. JE (Gn Ex Nu), also Dt 1:39 + 8 t. D (incl. Jos 1:14, 8:35); P only Nu 31:9, 31:17, 31:18, where note זָכָר בַּטָָּף v:17 = young boys, and הַטַף בַּנָּשִׁים v:18 = young girls; also Ju 18:21, 21:10, 2 S 15:22, Je 40:7, 41:16, 43:6, Ez 9:6, 2 Ch 20:13, 31:18, Ezr 8:21, Est 3:13, 8:11; the words מְתִים וְנָשִׁים וְהַטָָף Dt 2:34, 3:6 incl. all inhabitants; so אֲנָשִׁים וְהַנָּשִׁים וְהַטָּף Dt 31:12, Je 40:7, 43:6; טַף distinguished from בָּחוּר וּבְּתוּלָה Ez 9:6; also from בְּנֵיהֶם 2 Ch 20:13, and from בְנֵיהֶם וּבְנוֹתֵיהֶם 2 Ch 31:18.

† טָפַשׁ vb. be gross (NH Hithp. grow stupid, and deriv.; Aram. טְפֵשׁ, for Heb. שׁמן Is 6:11, Ithp. be stupid; cf. As. ṭapâšu, be abundant, large, Guy:JAS 1883, Août-Sept. 189)—metaph. טָפַשׁ כַּחֵלֶב לִבָָּם Ps 119:70 their heart is gross, like fat.

† טָפַת n.pr.f. daughter of Solomon, & wife of בֶּן־אֲבִינָדָב 1 K 4:11.

† [טָרַד] vb. pursue, chase, be continuous (Ar. طَرَدَ pursue; II. prolong one's voice; VIII. continue uninterruptedly: As. ṭarâdu, drive away COT:Gloss, so Aram. ܛܪܰܕ, טְרַד)—only Qal Pt. act. וְדֶלֶף טֹרֵד Pr 19:13 a continuous dripping, dropping, i.e. one in which one drop pursues another; so טוֹרֵד ד׳ 27:15; in both sim. of a contentious woman.

† מְטְרֵד n.pr.f. mother-in-law of Hadar (Hadad) Gn 36:39 LXX Ματρ(α)ε(ι)θ (LXX here, not in Ch, makes מ׳ son of Mezahab, i.e. n.pr.m.) = 1 Ch 1:50, LXX Ματραδ, Ματρηθ.

טרה (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. طَرُوَ, طَرِيَ be fresh, juicy, moist; Eth. t’r4y: raw).

† [טָרִי] adj. fresh, only fs. טְרִיָּה fresh, לְחִי־חֲמוֹר טְרִיָּה Ju 15:15 the fresh jawbone of an ass, i.e. not yet dry and brittle; מַכָּה ט׳ Is 1:6 fresh, raw wound, not yield healed or even treated (so Ges Ew Brd Di Du; festering De Che).

† [טָרַח] vb. toil, be burdened (NH id., toil, Hiph. weary, importune; Aram. טְרַח toil, etc.; Ar. طَرَحَ is cast, throw, remove)—Hiph. Impf. אַף־בְּרִי יַטְרִיחַ עָָב Jb 37:11 he burdeneth with moisture the cloud(s).

† טֹ֫רַח n.m. budren, fig. הָיוּ עָלַי לָטָֹרַח :נִלְאֵיתִי נְשֽׂא Is 1:14 they are become a burden on me, I am weary of bearing; אֵיכָה אֶשָּׂא טָרְחֲכֶם Dt 1:12 (+ מַשַּׂאֲכֶם וְרֵיבְכֶם) how can I bear the burden of you?

טֶ֫רֶם:54, once (Ru 3:14 Kt) טְרוֹם, adv. of time, not yet, ere, before that (deriv. unknown: not found in cogn. Languages)—construed mostly with the impf. (with the pf. only Gn 24:15 (v:45 impf.), 1 S 3:7 a (v:b impf.), and בְּטֶרֶם Ps 90:2 Pr 8:25):—

1. † טֶרֶס in an independent sentence, not yet, Gn 2:5 and all the plants of the field טרם יהיה בארץ were not yet in the earth, etc., 19:4 טרם ישׁכבו not yet had they lain down, when etc., 24:15, 24:45, Nu 11:33, Jos 2:8, 1 S 3:3, 3:7, 3:7; of present time, Ex 9:30, 10:7 הֲטֶרֶם תֵּדַע dost thou not yet know, etc.?; in a subord. clause, ere, before that, Ex 12:34 they took their dough טרם יחמץ before it was leavened, Jos 3:1, Ps 119:67; of future time Is 65:24. More frequently

2. בְּטֶרֶם:39, with the same force: of past time, Gn 27:33 I ate of all בטרס תבא before thou camest, 37:18, 41:50, Ju 14:18, 1 S 2:15, Je 1:5, 47:1, Ez 16:57; Ps 90:2, Pr 8:25 (both with pf.); more oft. of pres. or fut., as Gn 27:4 בטרם אמזת before I die (so 45:28, cf. Ps 39:14, Jb 10:21), Lv 14:36, Dt 31:21, 1 S 9:13, 2 K 2:9, Is 7:16, 42:9, 48:5, Je 13:16; the impf. with a freq. force, Ex 1:19 before the midwife cometh, they are wont to bear, Ru 3:14, Pr 18:13. Pleon. בְּטֶרֶם לאֹ Zp 2:2, 2:2. Construed with a subst. in the gen., † Is 17:14 בְּטֶרֶם בֹּקֶר = ere morning, 28:4 בְּטֶרֶם קַיִץ; with an inf. † Zp 2:2a (but rd. here with LXX We בְּטֶרֶם לאֹ תֵהְיוּן כְּמוֹץ עֹבֵר, without יוֹם, ‘before ye become as chaff passing away’).

3. † מִטֶּרֶם Hg 2:15 (sq. inf.) מִטֶּרֶם שׂוּם אֶבֶן from before the laying of one stone upon another, etc.

† טָרַף vb. tear, rend, pluck (NH id., esp. of wild beasts; Aram. טָרַף tear, seize, esp. of creditors; טְרֵיפָא torn flesh or animal; Ar. طَرَفَ depasture, said of camel)—Qal Pf. טָרַף Jb 16:9; טָרָָף Ho 6:1, etc.; Impf. יִטְרֹף Ps 7:3; וַיִּטְרֹף Am 1:11 (but v. infr.); יִטְרָָף Gn 49:27; אֶטְרֹף Ho 5:14, Ps 50:22; Inf. לִטְרֹף Ps 17:12; Pt. act. טֹרֵף Jb 18:4, etc.;—tear rend, of wild beasts, Gn 37:33 (J), 44:28 (J; inf. abs. c. Pu. q. v.), Ex 22:12 (JE; inf. abs. c. Niph. q.v.) Elsewh. only in sim. and metaph.; sim. of Gad's fierceness Dt 33:20 (like a lioness, poem); so of Benjamin Gn 49:27 (as a wolf, poem); of the remnant of Jacob, like a young lion among sheep, רָמַס וְטָרַף Mi 5:7; of the wicked, Ps 17:12 (lion), 7:3 obj. נַפְשִׁי (like a lion); 22:14 psalmist's foes like lion (‖שֹׁאֵג); Ez 22:25 (טֹרֵף טָָרֶף), princes like wolves v:27 (id.); metaph. of Israel's princes, like young lion 19:3, 19:6 (c. טֶרֶף acc. cogn.); of Nineveh's king Na 2:13 (as lion); of God's treatment of the wicked Ho 5:14 (like a lion), Ps 50:22; subj. wrath of God (אַף) conceived as assailing Job, Jb 16:9 his wrath teareth and persecuteth me; cf. טָרָ֖ף וְיִרְפָּאֵנוּ Ho 6:1 subj. י׳ (‖יַח וְיַחְבְּשֵׁנוּ; on tenses v. Dr:§ 84 β; 171, 174 n. 1); subj. anger of Edom (abs.) Am 1:11, but rd. perh. וַיִּטֹּר for וַיִּטְרֹף and he kept his anger perpetually, so Ol on Ps 103:9 We; טֹרֵף נַפְשׁוֹ בְּאַפּוֹ, said of Job by Bildad Jb 18:4. Niph. Impf. of animal torn (by wild beasts) טָרֹף יִטָּרֵף Ex 22:12 (JE); יִטָּרֵף also in prediction of judgment on people of Jerusalem Je 5:6. Pu. Pf. טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵף Gn 37:33 (J) Joseph has certainly been torn in pieces; cf. טֹרָָף ט׳ 44:28 (J). Hiph. Imv. ms. sf., note esp. 2nd acc. לֶחֶם, הַטְרִפֵנִי לָחֶם חֻקִּי Pr 30:8 let me devour my appointed bread (of men, late; cf. טֶרֶף 31:15, and Ps 111:5, Mal 3:10).

† טָרָף adj. fresh-plucked (Aram. ܛܰܪܦܳܐ, טַרְפָּא fresh leaf)—עֲלֵה זַיִת טָרָף Gn 8:11 (J) a fresh-plucked olive leaf.

† טֶ֫רֶף n.m.:Na 3:1 prey, food; leaf;—טֶרֶף Gn 49:9 +; טָָרֶף Jb 4:11 +; sf. טַרְפֵח Na 2:14; טַרְפּוֹ Is 31:4; pl. cstr. טַרְפֵּי Ez 17:9; —

1. prey of lion Am 3:4, Jb 4:11, 38:39, Ps 104:21; metaph. of Judah's conquests Gn 49:9, Israel like lion Nu 23:24 (both poems in JE); of Assyrians Is 5:29; of Nineveh and its king Na 2:13, 2:14, 3:1; Israel's princes (as young lion) Ez 19:3, 19:6; sim. of false prophet (like lion) 22:25; of princes of Judah v:27; sim. of י's descending to battle, like lion Is 31:4; cf. Ps 76:5 coming down from mountains of prey (the lion's lair), but rd. perh. עַד, cf. LXX Bi Che:crit. n.; fig. of spoil of wicked Jb 29:17, cf. Ps 124:6.

2. food, of outcasts, under fig. of wild ass פֶּרֶא Jb 24:5; of human food (late): for those who fear God Ps 111:5; for household Pr 31:15; in י׳'s house Mal 3:10.

3. leaf, (cf. Gn 8:11) טַרְפֵּי חִמְחָהּ Ez 17:9 metaph. of Judah.

† טְרֵפָה n.f. animal torn (by wild beasts); torn flesh;—abs. ט׳ Gn 31:39 + 8 t.

1. animal torn (by wild beasts), of sheep and goats Gn 31:39 (E); ox, ass or sheep Ex 22:12 (JE; del. We:KlPr on Am 3:12, as gloss fr. Gn 31:39); indef. v:31 (JE; forbidden as food); commonly c. נְבֵלָה (i.e. what dies naturally) as forbidden food, Lv 7:24 (P), 17:15, 22:8 (both H), Ez 4:14, 44:31; torn flesh, in metaph. of Nineveh's king as lion Na 2:13 (‖טֶ֫רֶ ף).