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ט

370

ט, Ṭêth, ninth letter; = numeral 9 in postB Heb.; ו“ט = 15(9 + 6), ז“ט = 16 (9 + 7), to avoid ה“י and ו“י, v. י, Ges:§ 5. 4, R 3 Nes:ZAW 1884, 249.

† [טֵאטֵא] vb. Pilpēl, only Pf. 1 s. sf. וְטֵאטֵאתִיהָ בְּמַטְאֲטֵא הַשְׁמֵד Is 14:23 and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, of י׳'s laying Babylon waste. (Form of √ dub.; ו“ע Ol:§ 253; ע“ע Sta:§ 464; undecided Kö:i. 652 ff. (q. v.), cf. Ew:§ 121 b.)

מַטְאֲטֵא n.[m.] broom, besom, only Is 14:23, v. foregoing.

טָֽבְאֵל n.pr.m. (Aram.; = God is good, v. טוֹב; acc. to Wkl (v. infr.) God is wise, cf. Aram. ܛܰܒ, Eth. t’ababa: be wise; Ar. طَبَّ act as physician, طَبُّ expert)—Persian officer in Samaria Ezr 4:7, LXX Ταβεηλ.

טָֽבְאַָל n.pr.m. (appar. pointed to mean good-for-nothing (אַל as neg.) v. De Di Du Sta:Gesch i. 590, orig. טָֽבְאֵל; Ol:§ 91 d Kö:ii, 537 al. think אַָל- simply pausal form)—Aramean, whose son Peḳaḫ and Reṣin proposed to make king of Jerus. in place of Ahaz; only בֶּן־טָֽבְאַָל Is 7:6 (Wkl:Alttest. Untersuch. 1892. 74 identif. with Reṣin, comparing טַבְרִמֹּן father of Benhadad).

† [טָבַח] vb. slaughter, butcher, slay (NH id. (rare) and deriv.; Ph. טבח pt.; As. ṭabâḫu Asrb:Annals iii. 56; Aram. ܛܒܰܚ, טְבַח (rare) and deriv.; Ar. طَبَخَ cook meat, also bake bread; Eth. t’abh.a: slay)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. וּטְבָחוֹ consec. Ex 21:37; 3 fs. טָֽבְחָה Pr 9:2; 2 ms. טָבַחְתָּ La 2:21; 1 s. טָבַחְתִּי 1 S 25:11; Imv. וּטְבֹחַ Gn 43:l6; Inf. cstr. טְבֹחַ Ez 21:15; לִטְבַוֹחַ Ps 37:14 + 3 t. (so Baer; van d. H לִטְבּוֹחַ, exc. לִטְבָוֹחַ Je 51:40); Pt. pass. טָבוּחַ Dt 28:31; —

1. slaughter, butcher animals for food Ex 21:37 (E), Pr 9:2 (fig. of Wisdom's furnishing her table); so c. acc. cogn. טֶבַח ט׳ Gn 43:16 (J), טִבְחָה ט׳ 1 S 25:11; cf. also Dt 28:31, where punishment lies in fact that the owner does not eat of the slain ox; כְּכֶשֶׂב אַלּוּף יוּבַל לִטְבַָוֹחַ Je 11:19 like a mild lamb that is led to slaughter, sim. of the prophet exposed to his enemies, 51:40 sim. of י׳'s vengeance upon Babylon (v. also טֶבַח, טִבְחָה), 25:34 of kings and rulers, under fig. of shepherds & choice sheep.

2. poet. & fig., slay, kill ruthlessly, c. acc. pers. Ps 37:14; abs. La 2:21(‖הָרַג; opp. חמל); c. acc. cogn. טֶבַח ט׳ Ez 21:15 of a sword sharpened for the slaughter of Isr. in judgment.

† I. טֶ֫בַח n.m:Is 34:6 slaughtering, slaughter—abs. ט׳ Gn 43:16 + 6 t.; טָָבַח Ez 21:20 + 3 t.; sf. טִבְחָהּ Pr 9:2; —

1. slaughtering, slaughter, of animals for food; as acc. cogn. after טָבַח (q. v.) Gn 43:16 (J), Pr 9:2; יוּבָָל כַּשֶּׂה לַטּ׳ Is 53:7, sim. of suffering servant of י׳; also Pr 7:22 sim. of fatuousness of one following a strange woman, thoughtless of consequences; יֵרְדוּ לַטּ׳ Je 50:27 metaph. of Babylonian leaders, under fig. of bullocks; so prob. 48:15, and perh. תִּכְרָָעוּ לַטּ׳ Is 65:12.

2. in poet. fig. slaughter, to which the nations are given over by י׳ Is 34:2, specif. of Edom v:6 (‖זֶבַח; v. ז׳ 6, p. 258:a); of Isr. Ez 21:20, as acc. cogn. after טָבַח v:15; of Ammon v:33.

† II. טֶ֫בַח n.pr.m. son of Nahor by his concubine Gn 22:24, LXX Ταβεκ(χ).

טִבְחָה n.f. thing slaughtered, slaughtered meat, slaughter—l. sf. טִבְחָתִי as acc. cogn. after טָבַח 1 S 25:11 of meat killed for food: 2. slaughter for food (= I. טֶבַח

1.): כְּחאֹן ט׳ Ps 44:23 like a flock for slaughter, sim. of the harassed godly; כְּחאֹן לְטִבְחָה Je 12:3 sim. of judgment of wicked (‖לְיוֹם הֲרֵגָה).

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טַבָּח n.m:1 S 9:23

1. cook,

2. guardsman;—† 1. cook (who also killed the animal for food and served it) טַבָּח abs. 1 S 9:23, 9:24 †. 2. elsewh. only pl. טַבָּחִים guardsmen, bodyguard (orig. royal slaughterers; v. RS:OTJC 426 (262); Sem. i. 1st ed., 396); alw. in the foll. combinations: שַׂר הַטּ׳ captain of Pharaoh's bodyguard Gn 37:36, 39:1 (both J), 40:3, 40:4, 41:10, 41:12 (all E); רַב־ט׳ chief of Nebuchadr.'s bodyguard 2 K 25:8, 25:10, 25:11, 25:12, 25:15, 25:18, 25:20, Je 39:9 + 16 t. Je (hence Aram. רַב טַבָּחַיָּא Dn 2:14).

† [טַבָּחָה] n.f. female cook;—only pl. abs. טַבָּחוֹת 1 S 8:13 (+ רַקָּחוֹת perfumers and אֹפוֹת bakers, all as menials).

מַטְבֵּחַ n.[m.] slaughtering-place (Ph. מטבח id. CIS:i. 175), Is 14:21, for Babylonians (under implicit fig. of animals).

טִבְחַת n.pr.loc. a Syrian city; מִטִּבְחַת 1 Ch 18:8 (LXX Μεταβηχα(ς), LXXL ταβααθ); so rd. also for II. בֶּטַח 2 S 8:8 (v. p. 105:b supr.)

† I. טָבַל vb. dip (NH id.; Aram. טְבַל dip, bathe; cf. perh. Ar. طَمَلَ saturavit tinctura vestem, Frey)—Qal Pf. וְטָבַל consec. Lv 4:6 + 5 t.; וְטָבַלְתְּ consec. Ru 2:14; וּטְבַלְתֶּם consec. Ex 12:22; Impf. וַיִּטְבֹּל Lv 9:9 + 3 t.; 2 ms. sf. תִּטְבְּלֵנִי Jb 9:31; וַיִּטְבְּלוּ Gn 37:31dip:

1. trans., dip a thing in, c. acc. rei + בְּ: in blood Gn 37:31 (J), so esp. in connexion with sacrifices Lv 4:6, 9:9, 14:6, 14:51 (also in fresh water); in water, for purification Nu 19:18 (all P); of dipping rod in honey 1 S 14:27, bread in vinegar Ru 2:24, foot in oil Dt 33:24 (poem); בַּשַּׁחַת תִּטְבְּלֵנִי Jb 9:31 in the ditch dost thou dip me; acc. omitted Ex 12:22 (JE; in blood), 2 K 8:15 (in water); but also + מִן = moisten with, with some of Lv 4:17 (blood), 14:16 (oil).

2. intrans., dip (oneself), sq. בְּ, 2 K 5:14 in Jordan (‖רָחַץ בְּ v:10; v:12).

טְבַלְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (י׳ hath dipped, i.e. purified)—name of one of the porters, line of Merari 1 Ch 26:11 (LXXL Ταβεηλ).

II. טבל (perh. to be assumed as √ of foll.; cf. Eth. t’ablala: wind about, wrap up; As. ṭublu, turban, Dl in Baer's Ezech:xii).

† [טְבוּל] n.m. turban (v. Sim in Thes Rob Ges Dl:l. c.)—only סְרוּחֵי טְבוּלִים בְּראֹשֵׁיהֶם Ez 23:15 extended in respect to turbans on their heads = with pendant turbans (Dl SS, cf. Da) > Hi-Sm who comp. Ar. طَمَلَ dye (v. I. טבל).

טָבַע vb. sink, sink down (NH. id.; Aram. ܛܒܰܥ, טְבַע; Ph. טבע coin; As. ṭêbû, sink in, ṭabbî‚’u, diver (water-fowl) etc., v. Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi, 1892, 170 Dl:HWB; Ar. طَبَعَ seal, stamp, imprint; Eth. t’am9a dip)—Qal Pf. טָבַעְתִּי Ps 69:3; טָֽבְעוּ Ps 9:16, La 2:9; Impf. וַיִּטְבַּע Je 38:6; וַתִּטְבַּע 1 S 17:49; אֶטְבָָּעָה Ps 69:15; —sink, sink down, intrans., c. בְּ; 1 S 17:49 (stone into Goliath's forehead); Je 38:6 (Jerem. in mire of dungeon); La 2:9 (gates of Jerus. into ground); metaph. of distress; Ps 69:3 בִיוֵן מְחוּלָהט׳; 69:15 (‖החילני מִטִּיט); nations into the pit (בַּשַּׁחַת) 9:16. Pu. Pf. טֻבְּעוּ be sunk Ex 15:4 (poem) of Egyptians drowned בְּיַם־סוּף. Hiph. Pf. הָטְבְּעוּ be sunk בַּבֹּץ in the mire, of feet, metaph. of entanglements and difficulties Je 38:22; הָטְבָָּעוּ, of pedestals (אֲדָנִים) of the earth, as settled, planted עַל Jb 38:6 (‖ירה פִּנָּה); abs. of mountains Pr 8:25.

טַבַּ֫עַת n.f. signet, signet-ring, ring (on format. v. Lag:BN 88; As. ṭimbu‚’u, seal-ring, Muss-Arnolt:l. c.)—abs. טַבַּעַת Ex 26:24 + 3 t.; cstr. id. Est 3:12 + 3 t.; טַבַּעְתּוֹ Gn 41:42 + 2 t.; pl. abs. טַבָּעוֹת Is 3:1, Ex 28:23; טַבָּעֹת Ex 25:12, 25:12 + 14 t. cstr. טַבְּעוֹת Ex 28:23 + 2 t.; טַבְּעֹת Ex 25:12 + 12 t.; sf. טַבְּעֹתָ֯ו Ex 28:28, 39:21; טַבְּעֹתֵיהֶם Ex 26:29; טַבְּעֹתָם 36:34; —l. signet-ring, of king, taken from his hand and given as token of authority Gn 41:42 (E), Est 3:10, 8:2; used in sealing official missives Est 3:12, 8:8, 8:8, 8:10 (vb. חָתַם). 2. ring, as ornament Is 3:21; as gift for sacred purposed Ex 35:22, Nu 31:50 (both P). 3. most often (only in Ex.) of rings for staves of ark, for curtains, for ephod, and other sacred furniture Ex 25:12, 25:12, 25:12 + 35 t. in Ex (all P).

טַבָּעוֹת n.pr.m. a family name among the Nethinim Ezr 2:43 = Ne 7:46.

טבר (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

טַבּוּר n.[m.] highest part, centre (acc. to LXX Vulgate navel, so NH id., and טִיבּוּר, Aram. טִיבּוּרָא, טִיבּוּרְיָא)—הִנֵּה עָם יֹרְדִים מֵעִם טַבּוּר הארץ Ju 9:37 behold people descending from the highest part of the land; ישְׁבֵי עַל־טַבּוּר הארץ Ez 38:12 those dwelling upon the navel of the earth, i.e. upon the mountainous country of Israel, central and prominent in the earth.

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טַבְרִמּוֹן n.pr.m. (Aram.; = Ramman is good, or is wise, v. Wkl on טבאל supr.)—father of Benhadad king of Aram 1 K 15:18.

טֵבֵָת n.pr 10th month = Dec.–Jan., Est 2:16 (Nab. טבת Eut:No. 3 Palm. id., Vog:No. 66; loan-word from As. Ṭêbêtum, Schr:COT on Ne 1:1, Hpt:E-Vowel 10, Jen:ZA iv (1889) 272 f., √ perh. ṭebû = טבע v. esp. Hpt:l. c., Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi, 1892, 170, month of sinking in = muddy month).

טַבָָּת n.pr.loc. Ju 7:22, spot near which Gideon's pursuit of Midianites ended, site unknown.

טָהֵר vb. be clean, pure (Ar. طَهَرَ, طَهُرَ id.; NH id., Pi. make or declare ceremonially clean; Aram. טְהַר emptiness, טִיהֲרָא brightness; Sab. טהר Hal:682; Eth. 0at’hara: tat’4hara: purify, wash oneself with water)—Qal Pf. ט׳ Lv 11:32 + 12 t.; 3 fs. טָֽהֲרָה Lv 12:7, 15:28; טָהֵָרָה Lv 12:8 etc., + 5 t. Pf.; Impf. יִטְהַר Lv 15:13, Jb 4:17 etc., + 9 t. Impf.; Imv. טְהָָר 2 K 5:10, 5:13; —

1. be clean, i.e. (miraculously) freed from leprosy by washing in the Jordan 2 K 5:10, 5:12, 5:13, 5:14.

2. be clean ceremonially (only H P), Lv 15:13, 15:28, 15:28 (P), 22:4 (H); by washing with water, the flesh Lv 22:7 (H); garments Lv 13:6, 13:34, 13:58, Nu 31:24 (all P); both flesh and garments Lv 17:5 (H), 14:8, 14:9, 15:13, Nu 19:19 (all P); other articles Lv 11:32 (P); passing things through the fire Nu 31:23 (P); offering sin-offerings Lv 12:7, 12:8, 14:20 (P); by the ceremony of the two birds Lv 14:53 (P); by ashes of red heifer Nu 19:12, 19:12 (P).

3. be clean morally, of people, made clean by י׳'s scattering clean water upon them Ez 36:25; of Jerus., specif. made clean from idolatry, under fig. of adultery Je 13:27; also sq. מִן Ez 24:13, 24:13 (purification by י׳); made clean מִכָּל־חַטּאֹתֵיכֶם Lv 16:30 (P; by the sin-offering of the atonement day); also of the individual, be clean מֵחַטָּאוֹת Pr 20:9 (‖זכה); become clean by use of hyssop Ps 51:9 (‖אַלְבִּין); more generally אִם־מֵעשֵֹׁהוּ יִטְהַר־גָּ֑בֶר Jb 4:17 shall a man be more pure than his maker? (‖יִחְדָָּק). Pi. Pf. טִהַר Lv 13:3 + 4 t.; sf. טִהֲרוֹ Lv 13:6 + 5 t.; 2 ms. טִהַרְתָּ Nu 8:6, 8:15 etc. + 7 t. Pf.; Impf.; יְטַהֵר 2 Ch 34:5 etc. + 4 t. Impf.; Imv. sf. טַהֲרֵנִי Ps 51:4; Inf. cstr. טַהֵר Ez 39:12 + 5 t.; sf. טַהֲרִי Ez 36:33 etc. + 4 t. Inf.; Pt. מְטַחֵר Lv 14:11, Mal 3:3; —chiefly P; 1. cleanse, purify: a. physically, metals from dross Mal 3:3; land from corpses Ez 39:12, 39:14, 39:16; heavens from clouds Jb 37:21; temple from unclean things 2 Ch 29:15, 29:16, 29:18; land and city from Asherim and images 2 Ch 34:3, 34:5, 34:8; store-chambers of temple from household stuff Ne 13:9; priesthood by exclusion of alien blood Ne 13:30. b. ceremonially, the altar of incense by the blood of the annual sin-offering Lv 16:19 (P); the people, gates, and wall (by some undefined ceremony) Ne 12:30; the altar of the court by the blood of sin-offerings Ez 43:26; of consecration of Levites by מֵי חטאת Nu 8:6, 8:7 (P), and חטאת Nu 8:15, 8:21 (P). c. morally Lv 16:30 (P), Ez 37:23, Mal 3:3; מֵחַטָּאֹת Ps 51:4; (ות)מֵעונ Je 33:8, Ez 36:33; ת(ו)מִטּמא Ez 24:13, 36:25. 2. pronounce clean, ceremonially Lv 13:6, 13:13, 13:17, 13:23, 12:28, 13:34, 13:37, 13:59, 14:7, 14:48 (all P). 3. perform the ceremony of cleansing Lv 14:11 (P). Pu. Pf. 3 ms. טֹהַר 1 S 20:26 (so. rd. for MT טהור LXX We Dr, he is not clean, because he hath not been cleansed); Pt. אֶרֶץ לאֹ מְטֹהָרָה a land not cleansed Ez 22:24 (but LXX Hi Ew Co SS rd. a land not rained upon, v. מטר). Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. הִטָּֽהֲרוּ Ezr 6:20; הִטֶּהָָרוּ (Kö:i. 271) 2 Ch 30:18, Nu 8:7; 1 pl. הִטַּהַרְנוּ Jos 22:17; Impf. יִטָּֽהֲרוּ Ne 12:30; Imv. הִטָּֽהֲרוּ Gn 35:2; Pt. מִטַּהֵר Lv 14:7 + 11 t.; pl. מִטַּהֲרִים Ne 13:22, Is 66:17; —reflexive: 1. purify oneself: a. ceremonially, esp. in preparation for sacred duties Gn 35:2 (R), Nu 8:7, 2 Ch 30:18, Ezr 6:20, Ne 13:22; also for heathen mysteries Is 66:17; of purifying priests, people, and wall Ne 12:30 (cf. Pi. 1 b). b. morally Jos 22:17 (P). 2. present oneself for purification, only pt. הַטִּטַּהֵר the candidate for purification Lv 14:4, 14:7, 14:8, 14:11, 14:14, 14:17, 14:18, 14:19, 14:25, 14:28, 14:29, 14:31 (P).

טֹּ֫הַר n.[m.] purity, purifying—

1. purity, כְּעֶחֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם לָטֹּ֫הַר Ex 24:10 (JE), as the body of heavens for purity.

2. sf. יְמֵי טָהֳרָהּ Lv 12:4, 12:6 the days of her purifying (menstruation).

† [טֳהָר] (v. Ges:§ 10. 2. B), or [טְהָר] (Ol:§ 173 b Bö:§ 386), n.[m.] clearness, lustre (dub. word; sub טֹהַר Hup Pe SS; so Thes, reading מִטָּהֳרוֹ)—only הִשְׁבַּתָּ מִטֳּהָרוֹ Ps 89:45; De Hup Pe Sch thou hast made (him) to cease from his lustre; SyrVer Vulgate made his lustre to cease, so AE Ki al. reading n. מִטְהָרוֹ or מִטְּהָרוֹ (D. f. acc. to Ges:§ 20. 2. 2 b), and Schr:SK 1868, 642 who reads הִשְׁבַּתָּה טְהָרוֹ; Gr prop. עטרתוֹ his crown; Bae מַטֶּה מִיָּדוֹ sceptre from his hand.

טָֽהֳרָה n.f. purifying, cleansing;—abs. ט׳ Lv 12:4 + 2 t.; cstr. טָהֳרַת 1 Ch 23:28, 2 Ch 30:19; sf. טָהֳרָתוֹ Lv 13:7 + 7 t.;—

1. purifying, menstruation Lv 12:4, 12:5.

2. cleansing, purification, of leper Lv 13:7, 13:35, 14:2, 14:23, 14:32; of Nazirite Nu 6:9; from an issue Lv 15:13 (all P); from contact with the dead Ez 44:26; of sacred things in gen. 1 Ch 23:28; of persons for the passover 2 Ch 30:19; מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַטָּהֳרָה Ne 12:45 the charge, requirement of purification.

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טָהוֹר adj. clean, pure;—m. abs. ט׳ Ex 25:11 + 68 t.; טָהֹר Lv 11:47 + 4 t.; cstr. טֵהוֹר Hab 1:13; טְהָו֯ר Pr 22:11; טֳהָר־ Jb 17:9; f. טְהוֹרָה Mal 1:11 + 3 t.; טְהֹרָה Gn 7:2 + 8 t.; mpl. טְהוֹרִים Ez 36:25, Ezr 6:20; טְהֹרִים Pr 15:26; fpl. טְהֹרוֹת Lv 14:4, Ps 12:7; —

1. ceremonially clean, of animals Gn 7:2, 7:2, 7:8, 7:8, 8:20, 8:20 (all J), Lv 14:4 (P), 20:25, 20:25 (H), Dt 14:11, 14:20; places Lv 4:12, 6:4, 10:14, 11:36, Nu 19:9 (all P); things Lv 10:10, 11:37, 11:47, 14:57 (P), Ez 22:26, 44:23, Is 66:20, Mal 1:11; persons Lv 7:19, 13:13, 13:17, 13:37, 13:39, 13:40, 13:41, 15:8, Nu 5:28, 9:13, 18:11, 18:13, 19:9, 19:18, 19:19 (all P), Dt 12:15, 12:22, 15:22, 23:11, 1 S 20:26 a + v.:26 b MT but rd. טֹהַר Pu., see טָהֵר, 2 Ch 30:17, Ezr 6:20.

2. physically pure: of gold זָהָב Ex 25:11, 25:17, 25:24, 25:29, 25:31, 25:36, 25:38, 25:39, 28:14, 28:22, 28:36, 30:3, 37:2, 37:6, 37:11, 37:16, 37:17, 37:22, 37:23, 37:24, 37:26, 39:15, 39:25, 39:30 (all P), 1 Ch 28:17, 2 Ch 3:4, 9:17; כֶּתֶם Jb 28:19; of water מַיִם Ez 36:25; of incense קְטֹרֶת Ex 30:35, 37:29 (P); of lamp stand מְנֹרָה Ex 31:8, 39:37 (P), Lv 24:4 (H); of the table שֻׁלְחָן Lv 24:6 (H), 2 Ch 13:11; clean, of turban Zc 3:5, 3:5.

3. ethically pure, clean Pr 30:12, Ec 9:2, Jb 14:4; of heart Ps 51:12, Pr 22:11; hands Jb 17:9; eyes Hab 1:13 (of God); words of men Pr 15:26; words of God Ps 12:7; law of י׳ as object of reverential fear Ps 19:10.

† I. טוֹב vb. pleasing, good (NH id., Hiph.; also deriv.; Ar. طَابَ, med. ي, be pleasant, delightful, delicious, sweet or savoury in taste or odour, be pure and clean, cheerful, happy (Lane); Aram. ܛܶܐܒ, ܛܳܒ, טְאֵב, טַב, טַיֵּב and esp. deriv. glad, joyful; As. ṭâbu, be good, kind, acceptable, joyful, vigorous Dl:HWB 299)—Qal Pf. טוֹב Nu 11:18 + 32 t.; pl. טֹבוּ Nu 24:5, Ct 4:10; (Impf. יִיטַב from יָטַב); Inf. abs. טוֹב Ju 11:25; cstr. טוֹב Je 32:39 + 6 t., כְּטוֹב Ju 16:25 Qr (Kt כי טוב); Pt. טוֹב Ju 11:25, 1 S 2:26; (for these forms v. Bö:§ 1133, 4 SS s.v.; Ges recognizes only Pfs. and fewer of them than above. It is often difficult to decide between vb. and adj.);—

1. be pleasant, delightful, of tents of Jacob Nu 24:5 (JE; poet.); of caresses Ct 4:10 (sq. מִיַּיִן comp.)

2. be glad, joyful טוֹב לֵב Ju 16:25 (Qr), 1 S 25:36, 2 S 13:28, Est 1:10 (v. טוּב 2 c).

3. of rank, position, claim: הֲטוֹב טוֹב אתה מבלק Ju 11:25 art thou really better than Balak?

4. טוֹב לְ be well with, good for Nu 11:18 (J), Dt 5:30, 15:16, 19:13, 1 S 16:16, 16:23, 2 S 14:32, Ps 119:71, 128:2, Je 22:15; so (sc. לוֹ) Is 3:10 it is well (with him); אז טוב Je 22:16 (cf. v:15); טוֹב אֶל־ 1 S 20:12 there is good toward David.

5. be pleasing טוֹב בְּעֵינֵי (v. II. טוֹב 2 b c f) Nu 24:1 (J) 2 S 3:19, 3:36, 15:26, 19:38; אִם טוֹב בְּעֵינֵי 1 K 21:2, Je 40:4, Je 40:4, Zc 11:12; later usage is אִם טוֹב עַל if it seem good unto (so As. ṭâbu eli, be pleasing unto, Dl:HWB 300 a), 1 Ch 13:2, Ne 2:5, 2:7, Est 1:19, 3:9, 5:4, 5:8, 7:3, 8:5, 9:13 (cf. טוֹב adj.). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הֱטִיבוֹתָ 2 Ch 6:8, הֱטִיבֹתָ 1 K 8:18, 2 K 10:30; —do well, act right, sq. כִּי that 1 K 8:18 thou didst well, that it was in thine heart = 2 Ch 6:8; sq. inf. c. לְ 2 K 10:30 thou hast done well in performing what was right in mine eyes.

† II. טוֹב adj. pleasant, agreeable, good (v. Lag:BN 26; Aram. טַב, Palm. טב Vog:No. 81, טבא Vog:No. 75)—m. ט׳ Gn 2:12 + 22 t., טוֹבָם Mi 7:4; f. טוֹבָה Est 8:5 + 50 t., טֹבָה Dt 6:18 + 2 t.; cstr. טוֹבַת Gn 26:7 + 6 t., טֹבַת Gn 24:16; pl. טוֹבִים Je 44:17 + 28 t.; טֹבִים Gn 27:9 + 4 t.; cstr. טוֹבֵי Dn 1:4 + 2 t.; pl. טוֹבוֹת Est 2:2, טֹבוֹת Je 24:2 + 6 t., טֹבֹת Gn 6:2 + 4 t.;—

1. pleasant, agreeable to the senses: a. to the sight, fair, of daughters of men Gn 6:2 (J); of a son Ex 2:2 (E), 1 S 9:2, 1 K 20:3, young men (but rd. herds LXX Th We Klo Dr Bu) 1 S 8:16; מראיהם their appearance Dn 1:15, טֹבַת מראה Gn 24:16, 26:7 (both J), 2 S 11:2, Est 1:11, 2:3, 2:7; טוב ראי 1 S 16:12; טוב תאר 1 K 1:6; טובַת חן Na 3:4; טוֹבוֹת מראה Est 2:2; טוֹבֵי מראה Dn 1:4; טוב לעינים Ec 11:7; טובה עיניו fair in his eyes Est 8:5; of mantle Jos 7:21 (J); goodly houses Is 5:9, Dt 8:12; cities Dt 6:10; situation of city 2 K 2:19. b. to the taste, good, sweet, agreeable for eating למאכל Gn 2:9, 3:6 (both J); ears of grain Gn 41:5, 41:22, 41:24, 41:26 (E); figs Je 24:2, 24:3, 24:3, 24:5; honey Pr 24:13; כְּיֵין הטוב Ct 7:10 as wine of the best sort (Hi rds. כַּיַּיִן); תְּנוּבָתִי הַטּוֹבָּה Ju 9:11my sweet fruit (‖מָתְקִי). c. to the smell, sweet-scented, of ointment Ct 1:3; קנה הטוב Je 6:20 the fragrant cane. d. of pleasant shadow of tree Ho 4:13.

2. pleasant to the higher nature, giving pleasure, happiness, prosperity, and so agreeable, pleasing, well: a. of time: יום טוב good day, festal day 1 S 25:8, Est 8:17, 9:19, 9:22; of feasts Zc 8:19; prosperous years Gn 41:35 (E). b. of place, טוב בית הנשׁים Est 2:9 the best part of the women's house; לוֹ בַּטּ׳ Dt 23:17, בְּעֵינֵי בַּטּ׳ Gn 20:15 (v. c f infr.) c. of persons, (אתה) טוב בעיני pleasing in the eyes of 1 S 29:6, 29:6, 29:9 טוב בעיני י׳ Mal 2:17 (cf. vb. 4, and f infr.); later לִפְנֵי Ec 2:26, 2:26, 7:26; inserted in 1 S 29:10 LXX We Dr; cf. עם ט׳ 1 S 2:26. d. of word or message, בְּשׂוֹרָה טוֹבָה 2 S 18:27 good tidings; שְׁמוּעָה ט׳ good report 1 S 2:24, Pr 15:30, 25:25; דבר בעתו Pr 15:23 a word in its season; דבר טוב Pr 12:25 an agreeable word (maketh the heart glad); דבר טוב Ps 45:2 a good theme. e. of other things, דֶּרֶח טובה 1 S 24:20 a pleasant, prosperous journey; מנחה כי טוב Gn 49:15 (poem); of unity of brethren מה טוב ומה נעים Ps 133:1 how good and how pleasant it is! טוב לְ (יהיה) it shall be well for Ec 2:3, 6:12, 8:12, 8:13 (cf. vb. 3); הֲטוֹב כִּי Jb 13:9 will it be advantageous that (v. 5). f. עשׂה הטוב בעיני do what is pleasing in the eyes of Gn 16:5 (J), Ju 19:24, 1 S 1:23, 3:18, 14:40, 2 S 10:12 = 1 Ch 19:13, 2 S 19:19, 19:28, 19:39, 2 K 10:5, 20:3 = Is 38:3, 1 Ch 21:23 = 2 S 24:22 where obj. of העלה; טוב בע׳(ה) (כל) (כ) עשׂה Gn 19:8 (J), Ju 10:15, 1 S 11:10, 14:36, Est 3:11; הטוב(כ) עשׂה הישׁר בע׳(כ)ו) Dt 12:28, Jos 9:25 (D), 2 Ch 14:1, Je 26:14, cf. Est 8:8; nouns reversed Dt 6:18; והישׁר לפני עשׂה הטוֹב 2 Ch 31:20; טוב בע׳ in other combinations Nu 36:6 (P), Je 40:4; ראה הטוב והישׁר 2 K 10:3; דבּר ט׳ 1 K 22:13 = 2 Ch 18:12, Nu 10:29 (J), 1 S 19:4, Est 7:9; דבּר מטוב עד־רע speak either good or bad Gn 31:24, 31:29 (E); למרע ועד טוב 2 S 13:22; רע או טוב Gn 24:50 (J); התנבא ט׳ 1 K 22:8, 22:18 = 2 Ch 18:17; cf. 1 K 22:13 = 2 Ch 18:12.

3. good, excellent of its kind: a. of the several creations, וירא אלתים כי טוֹב and God saw that it was good, excellent Gn 1:4, 1:10, 1:12, 1:18, 1:21, 1:25 (P); טוֹב מאר כל אשׁר עשׂה והנּה 1:31 (P) God saw all that he had made, and behold it was very excellent. So b. of land, soil, fruitful, fertile: ארץ Ex 3:8, Nu 13:19 (both J), 14:7 (P), Dt 1:25, 1:35, 3:25, 4:21, 4:22, 6:18, 8:7, 8:10, 9:6, 11:17, Jos 23:16 (D), Ju 18:9, 1 Ch 28:8; אדמה 1 K 14:15, Jos 23:13, 23:15 (D); הר Dt 3:25; חלקה 2 K 3:19, 3:25; שׂדה Ez 17:8; נָוֶה Ez 34:14; מרעה 1 Ch 4:40, Ez 34:14, 34:18. c. of vegetation, choice, fruitful זֵיתִים 1 S 8:14; עץ 2 K 3:19, 3:25, Ez 31:16; שׁמן טוב 2 K 20:13 precious oil = Is 39:2, Ps 133:2, Ec 7:1; of seed, אם שׁניהם טובים Ec 11:6 whether both of them will be fruitful. d. of animals, fat בקר Gn 18:7 (J); עזים Gn 27:9 (J); פרות Gn 41:26 (E); יָרֵח Ez 24:4. e. of minerals, fine, pure זהב Gn 2:12 (J), 2 Ch 3:5, 3:8; כֶּתֶם La 4:1; brass Ezr 8:27, soldering Is 41:7.

4. good, rich, valuable in estimation: a. in quantity, שׂיבה טובה good old age Gn 15:15 (R), 25:8 (P), Ju 8:32, 1 Ch 29:28; dowry Gn 30:20 (E; many sons); treasury Dt 28:12 (from which י׳ sends blessings). b. in price, goodly, valuable: of the estimation put upon house, beast, and tithe Lv 27:10, 27:10, 27:12, 27:14, 27:33 (H); profit Pr 31:18; hire Ec 4:9; מחמדי הטבים Jo 4:5 my goodly precious things.

5. good, appropriate, becoming, טוב אשׁר Ec 7:18 (cf. 5:4 infr.); טובה חכמה עם נחלה Ec 7:11 wisdom is good with an inheritance (other trans. see in VB); ‖יָפֶה Ec 5:17; c. עֵחָה 2 S 17:7, 17:14 good advice; טוב פתר Gn 40:16 (E) that he interpreted well; טוב הדבר (לא) Ex 18:17 (E) the thing is (not) good, wise, so Dt 1:14, 1 S 26:16; דבר(ה)טוב the word is good, is well said 1 S 9:10, 1 K 2:38, 2:42, 18:24, 2 K 20:19 = Is 39:8, for which abbreviated טוב well! good! exclamation Ru 3:13, 1 S 20:7, 2 S 3:13, 1 K 2:18; followed by כּי it is good that 2 S 18:3, Ru 2:22, La 3:27, Jb 10:3 (cf. 13:9 2 e); c. inf. Gn 2:18 (J), Ps 73:28, 92:2, 147:1, Pr 25:27 (cf. sub 10); with וְ (strangely) טוֹב וְיָחִיל וגו׳ La 3:26 it is good that one wait (v. דּוּמָם, יָחִיל); בלא דעת נֶפֶשׁ לא טוב Pr 19:2 that a soul be without knowledge is not good.

6. c. מִן compar. = better, sq. inf. Gn 29:19 (E), Ex 14:12 (J), Ps 118:8, 118:9, Pr 16:19, 25:7, Ec 6:9, 7:2; inf. om. Pr 21:9, 21:19, 25:24; מן om. Nu 14:3 (J; compar. only implied); c. מן pers. Ju 15:2, Ru 4:15, 1 S 1:8, 9:2, 15:28, 1 K 2:32, 19:4, 2 Ch 21:13, Pr 12:9, 16:32, 19:1, 19:22, 27:10, 28:6, La 4:9, Est 1:19, Ec 4:3, 4:9, 4:13, 6:3, 7:5, 7:8; c. מן rei Ju 8:2, 1 S 15:22, 2 S 17:14, 1 K 21:2, 2 K 5:12, Ho 2:9, Am 6:2, Is 56:5, Jon 4:3, 4:8, Ps 37:16, 63:4, 84:11, 119:72, Pr 3:14, 8:11, 8:19, 15:16, 15:17, 16:8, 16:16, 17:1, 22:1, 27:5, Ct 1:2, Ec 4:6, 7:1, 7:3, 7:8, 7:10, 9:4, 9:16, 9:18; sq. -מִשֶּׁ Ec 5:4; אִם…הֲ …מַה־טּוֹב is it better … or ? Ju 9:2; אוֹ…הֲטוב 18:19; אין -טוב שֶׁ Ec 2:24 (rd. -מִשֶּׁ v. Comm.); אין טוב מאשׁר Ec 3:22; אין טוב כִי אִם Ec 3:12, 8:15; so 1 S 27:1 LXX We Dr Klo Kit Bu (MT only כי c. Impf.)

7. of man's sensuous nature, glad, happy, prosperous: טוב לב merry, glad heart Pr 15:15, Est 5:9, Ec 9:7; טוֹבֵי לב 1 K 8:65 = 2 Ch 7:10; טובים וַנּהיה Je 44:17 we were prosperous; similarly Ps 112:5.

8. of man's intellectual nature, שֵׂכֶל טוֹב good understanding 2 Ch 30:22, Ps 111:10, Pr 3:4, 13:15; טוֹבַת שֶׂכֶל 1 S 25:3.

9. good, kind, benign: a. of men, themselves 1 S 25:15, 2 S 18:27, 2 Ch 10:7; the eye Pr 22:9; דברים טובים kind words 1 K 12:7 = 2 Ch 10:7. b. of God, himself Na 1:7, 2 Ch 30:18, Ps 86:5; כי טוב for he is good, kind Ps 34:9, 100:5, 135:3, Je 33:11; כי טוב כי לעולם חסדוֹ 1 Ch 16:34, 2 Ch 5:13, 7:3, Ezr 3:11, Ps 106:1, 107:1, 118:1, 118:29, 136:1; טוב לְ kind to 73:1, 145:9, La 3:25; טובה על(ה)יד Ezr 7:9, 8:18, Ne 2:8, 2:18; טובה(ה)רוחךָ 9:20, Ps 143:10; שׁמךָ כי טוב 52:11, 54:8; כּי טוב חסדךָ 69:17, 109:21; (ים)הטוב (ים)הדבר the good, kind word(s) spoken in promise Jos 21:43, 23:14, 23:15 (D), 1 K 8:56, Je 29:10, 33:14, Zc 1:13.

10. good (ethical), right: מה טוב ‖ what Yahweh requires Mi 6:8, ‖משׁפט Jb 34:4: a. of man himself ‖ישׁר Mi 7:4; אישׁ טוב Pr 14:14; (ים)טוב(ה) = (the) good 2 Ch 19:11, Ps 125:4, Pr 2:28, 12:2, 13:22, 14:19, 15:3, Ec 9:2, 9:2; man's deeds דברים 2 Ch 2:12, 19:3; מעשׂה 1 S 19:4, Ec 12:14; מעללים Ez 36:31; דֶּרֶח הטובה והישׂרה 1 S 12:23 the good and right way; (ה)טוב(ה)דֶּרֶח (הַ) (the) good way 1 K 8:36 = 2 Ch 6:27, Is 65:2, Je 6:16, Ps 36:5, Pr 16:29; דבריךָ טובים ונכחים 2 S 15:3 good and right is thy case; דבר טוב good thing 1 K 14:13; לא טוב הדבר Ne 5:9; אשׂר לא טוב עשׂה Ez 18:18; so of מאזני מרמה etc., Pr 20:23; לא טוב c. inf. (v. 5 it is not good or right to: ענושׁ לחדּיק Pr 17:26; פני רשׁע שׂאת 18:5; הכּר פנים 28:21, 24:23 (בל טוב). b. of God טוב אתה ומטיב Ps 119:68; טוב וישׁר יהוה 25:8; משׁפטיך טובים 119:39; his commands מחות Ne 9:13; חקים Ez 20:25 (לא טובים); לקח טוב Pr 4:2; מפי עליון לא תחא הרעות והטוב La 3:38.

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† III. טוֹב n.m.:Je 17:6 (cf. טוֹבָה n.f.) a good thing. benefit, welfare:—ט׳ Gn 26:29 + 134 t.;—

1. welfare, prosperity, happiness:שָׁלוֹם Is 52:7, Je 8:15, 14:19; אם טוב ואם רע 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יבוא טוב 17:6 prosperity cometh; שׂמח בט׳ Dt 26:11, 2 Ch 6:41; ראה בט׳ Ec 2:1 Je 29:32; obj. of ראה Ps 4:7, 34:13, Ec 2:24, 3:13, Jb 7:7; of דרשׁ Est 10:3; of בקשׁ Ps 122:9; מנע 84:12 Je 5:25; נתן Ps 85:13; קוה Jb 30:26; מחא Pr 16:20, 17:20, 18:22, 19:8; נחל Pr 28:10; חסר Ps 34:11; בשׂר 1 K 1:42, Is 52:7; חול לט׳ Mi 1:12; חכמה וט׳ 1 K 10:7; טוב וחסד Ps 23:6; בטוב in prosperity 25:13, Jb 21:13, 36:11, Ec 7:14; מטוב because of prosperity Zc 1:17; afar from happiness Ps 39:3; כטוב Ho 10:1; לטוב Dt 30:9, Je 15:11; לטוב לָנוּ Dt 6:24 for good to us, = for our good, 10:13 (לְךָ), Je 32:39 (לָהֶם; cf. לרע ל Je 7:6 25:7).

2. good things, (coll.) ת(ו)ברכ ט׳ blessing of good things Ps 21:4, Pr 24:25; מִלֵּא בָתֵּיהֶם ט׳ Jb 22:18 filled their houses with good things; obj. of שׂבע Psalm 104:28, Pr 12:14; מלא Ps 107:9; אכל Pr 13:2, Is 55:2; לקח Ho 14:3; השׂביע בט׳ Ps 103:5; goods, possessions 1 S 15:9.

3. good = benefit: גְּמָלַתְהוּ טוֹב וְלאֹ־רָע Pr 31:12 she doeth him good and not evil; תַּאֲוַת חַדִּיקִים אַח־טוֹב Pr 11:23 the desire of the righteous is only good; obj. of קבּל Jb 2:10; מנע Pr 3:27; שׁחר 11:27; שׁלּם 13:21; עשׂה Gn 26:29 (J), Ps 119:65; היטיב Nu 10:32 (J); ערב לט׳ Ps 119:122; חֹרְשֵׁי ט׳ Pr 14:22 who devise good.

4. moral good, ידע טוב ורע Gn 2:9, 2:17, 3:5, 3:22 (J), Dt 1:39; בין טוב לרע 2 S 19:36; in antithesis with רע elsewh. Dt 30:15, 2 S 14:17, 1 K 3:9, Is 5:20, 5:20, 7:15, 7:16, Am 5:14, 5:15, Mi 3:2, Ps 34:15, 37:27, 52:5; זנח ט׳ Ho 8:3 cast off good; עשׂה טוֹב do good Ps 14:1, 14:3 = 53:2, 53:4, 37:3, Ec 7:20, in 3:12 this mng. seems less fitting; rd. perh. לִרְאוֹת ט׳ (Gr, v. also De) and tr. to 1; רדף ט׳ Ps 38:21 pursue good; מַעְגַּל־ט׳ Pr 2:9 path of good.

טוֹב אֲדוֹנִיָּה n.pr.m. (good is my Lord, י׳)—וַאֲדֹנִיָּהוּ וְטוֹבִיָּהוּ וְטוֹב אֲדוֹנִיָּה in list of Levites assigned to reign of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 17:8, but txt. suspicious; LXXL τωβαδωνια, but LXX only τωβαδωβεια for all three names.

טוּב n.m.:Jb 20:21 good things, goods, goodness;—ט׳ Gn 24:10 + 17 t.; sf. טוּבִי Ex 33:19, Je 31:14; טוּבְךָ Ps 25:7 + 4 t.; טוּבוֹ Ho 3:5 + 2 t.; טוּבָהּ Ne 9:36, Je 2:7; טוּבָם Jb 21:15; —not in HP Chr Ez or postex. proph.—

1. good things, coll., produce of the land to be eaten Gn 45:18, 45:20, 45:23 (E), Is 1:19, Je 2:7, Ezr 9:12, Ne 9:35, 9:36, to be enjoyed; good things of י׳ as given by him Ho 3:5, Je 31:12, 31:14, Ps 27:13; of house of י׳ Ps 65:5, fig. of spiritual blessings.

2. goods, property Gn 24:10 (J), Dt 6:11, 2 K 8:9, Ne 9:25.

3. abstr.: a. fairness, beauty, of neck of heifer Ho 10:11; of people of י׳ Zc 9:17; of י׳ himself Ex 33:19 (JE). b. (ב)טוּב לב joy of heart Dt 28:47, Is 65:14 (v. I. טוֹב 2, II. ט׳ 7). c. prosperity Jb 20:21, 21:16; of Jerusalem Ps 128:5; בְּטוּב חַדִּיקִים Pr 11:10 in the prosperity of the righteous the city rejoiceth. d. goodness of taste, discernment Ps 119:66.

4. abstr., goodness of God: a. in bestowing good things Ne 9:25. b. in the salvation of his people Is 63:7, Ps 25:7, 145:7. c. stored up for his saints Ps 31:20.

טוֹבָה n.f. welfare, benefit, good things, good;—abs. ט׳ Dt 28:11 + 54 t.; cstr. טוֹבַת Ps 106:5; sf. טוֹבָתִי Ps 16:2 etc. + 4 t. sfs.; pl. טוֹבוֹת Je 12:6; טֹבוֹת 2 K 25:28, Je 52:32; sf. טוֹבֹתָיו Ne 6:19; —

1. welfare, prosperity, happiness:שׁלום Dt 23:7, Je 33:9, Ezr 9:12, La 3:17; יוֹם טובה Ec 7:14 day of prosperity; טוֹבָתִי בַּל־עָלָיךָ Ps 16:2 is not my welfare dependent upon thee? תְּבוֹאָֽתְךָ ט׳ Jb 22:21 prosperity shall come to thee; לטובה Gn 50:20 (E), Dt 28:11, 30:9, 2 Ch 18:7, Je 14:11; לרעה ולא לטובה Am 9:4, Je 21:10, 39:16, 44:27; obj. of vb. בקּשׁ Ne 2:10; הביא Je 32:42; ראה Jb 9:25, Ec 5:17, 6:6; אבּד Ec 9:18; ראה בט׳ Ps 106:5; חסר מט׳ Ec 4:8; obj. of אכל fig. Jb 21:25 = taste happiness; of שׂבע Ec 6:3; after נחם על Je 18:10.

2. good things (coll.): a. of good words, obj. of דבּר 1 S 25:30, 2 S 7:28 = 1 Ch 17:26, Je 18:20; pl. דבּר טובות Je 12:6, 52:32 = 2 K 25:28. b. of material possessions ברבות הט׳ Ec 5:10 when good things increase.

3. bounty, good שְׁנַת טוֹבָתֶָךָ Ps 65:12 year of thy bounty (harvest bestowed by God), so also טובתך Ps 68:11; עשׂה ט׳(ה) Ex 18:9 (E), Nu 24:13 (JE), Ju 8:35, 9:16, 1 S 24:19, 2 S 2:6, 1 K 8:66 = 2 Ch 7:10, 2 Ch 24:16, Je 33:9; obj. of נמל 1 S 24:18; שׁלּם 1 S 24:20; רעה תחת טובה Gn 44:4 (J), 1 S 25:21, Ps 35:12, 38:21, 109:5, Pr 17:13, Je 18:20; תחת קללה ט׳ 2 S 16:12; זכר לי לט׳ remember it for me for good Ne 5:19 13:31; לטובה Ezr 8:22, Ne 2:18, Je 24:5, 24:6, Ps 86:17; pl. מוֹבֹתָיו Ne 6:19 his benefits (i.e. good deeds of Tobiah).

טוֹבִיָּ֫הוּ, טוֹבִיָּה n.pr.m. (Yah(u) is my good)—

1. טוֹבִיָּהוּ a Levite, assigned to reign of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 17:8, not LXX; LXXL Τωβιας, elsewhere טוֹבִיָּה LXX Τωβια(ς).

2. Ammonite adversary of Nehem. Ne 2:10, 2:19, 3:35, 4:1, 6:1, 6:12, 6:14, 6:17, 6:17, 6:19, 13:4, 13:7, 13:8.

3. head of a family of returning exiles of doubtful lineage Ezr 2:60 = Ne 7:62.

4. a chief of returning exiles Zc 6:10, 6:14, LXX χρησίμων (-μοις) αὐτῆς, i.e. טוֹבֶיהָ.

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† IV. טוֹב n.pr.loc. (perh. fr. above √)—a region beyond Jordan, N. or NE. of Gilead, prob. Aramean; אֶרֶץ טוֹב Ju 11:3, 11:5, LXX Τωβ; טוֹב אישׁ 2 S 10:6, 10:8 men of Ṭôb, LXX (Ε)ιδτωβ; = Τούβιον, Τώβιον 1 Macc 5:13; identif. by Conder:Handb. 295 with southern Bashan, where is still Taiyibeh, 12 m. SE. from Sea of Galilee.

† [טָוָה] vb. spin (NH id.; Aram. מַטְוַוְיְתָא spider Jb 8:14 Targum (but Syr. ܛܘܳܐ = roast, broil, v. Dr:JPh xi, 1882, 207); As. ṭâmû (ṭâuû), spin, Hpt:ZA, 1887, 274 Dl:HWB 302; Ar. طَوَي fold, wind; Eth. t’awaya:: be twisted)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. טָווּ work of women of Isr. Ex 35:25 abs., v:26 sq. acc. אֶת־הָעִזִּים goats, i.e. goats' hair (P).

מַטְוֶה n.[m.] that which is spun, yarn, Ex 35:25 (P).

† [טוּחַ] vb. over-spread, over-lay, coat, besmear (NH id.; cf. Ar. طَاخَ re foeda contaminatus fuit, or contaminavit; مُطَيَّخُ camel smeared with tar);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְטָח consec. Lv 14:42 (on טַח Is 44:18 v. טחח); 3 pl. טָחוּ Ex 22:28; טַחְתֶּם Ez 13:12, 13:14 Inf. cstr. לָטוּחַ 1 Ch 29:4; Pt. pl. טָחִים Ez 13:10 + 2 t.; cstr. טָחֵי Ez 13:11; only P Ez Ch;—over-spread, coat (c. acc. of house) with earth (clay, עָפָר) Lv 14:42; over-lay (walls with gold and silver) c. acc. of wall 1 Ch 29:4; metaph. of coating over Jerusalem, under fig. of a wall, with a superficial coating, to hide its real weakness Ez 13:15 (acc. of wall), v:12 c. acc. of coating (טִיחַ); with תָּפֵל (q.v.) v:11; c. 2 acc. v:10, v:14, v:15; cf. תָּפֵל וּנְבִיאֶיהָ טָחוּ להם Ez 22:28 where sf. ref. to oppressive nobles, i.e. the prophets ‘whitewash’ for them (their evil deeds). Niph. Inf. cstr. הִטּוֹחַ be coated (with עפר) Lv 14:43; and, fully, הִטֹּחַ את־הבית 14:48 (both P).

טִיחַ n.[m.] a coating, only אַיֵּה הַטִּיחַ אֲשֶׁר טַחְתֶּם Ez 13:12.

טֻחוֹת n.f.pl. inward parts (as covered over, concealed)—טֻחוֹת of seat of faithfulness, אֱמֶת חָפַחְתָּ בַּטּ׳ Ps 51:8 faithfulness thou desirest in the inward parts, i.e. in the heart (‖סָתֻם); of seat of wisdom חָכְמָה מִי שָׁת בַּטּ׳ Jb 38:36 (‖שֶׂכְוִי q.v.); fr. context this can hardly = heart of man (kidneys, ‘reins,’ Targum, Jewish interpr., v. NHWB ii, 144 al.), but is rather cloud-layers (as dark, hidden spaces, v. Di VB); their ‘wisdom’ appears in their obedience to natural law.

טוט, טיט (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

טִיט n.m. mud, mire, clay(NH id.; As. ṭîṭu, id., Flood Tab1. iii, 10. 25)—abs. טִיט Jb 41:22 + 6 t.; cstr. id. Mi 7:10 + 5 t.;—

1. mud, mire of streets (always in sim. of contempt, ignominious treatment) חוּחוֹת ט׳ Mi 7:10, Ps 18:43 = 2 S 22:43, Zc 9:3, 10:5; of Jeremiah's dungeon Je 38:6, 38:6; of mire in which crocodile lies Jb 41:22; cast up by sea Is 57:20 (‖רֶפֶשׁ); of a bog (fig. of distress) Ps 69:15 and הַיָּוֵן ט׳ Ps 40:3.

2. poet. of potter's clay (‖חֹמֶר) Is 41:25, brick-clay (‖ id.) Na 3:14.

טוֹטָפֹת, טֹטָפֹת v. טטף. p. 377

[טוּל] vb. Pilp. etc., hurl, cast (Ar. غطَالَ be extended, elongated; v. Hom:NS 87 who comp. As. tâlu, Aram. ܛܰܝܶܠ, טַיֵּל all walk about (cf. spatiari, fr. spatium); Eth. 0ant’4lala:: hang loosely, 0ant’4l0: expand)—Pilp. Pt. טְטַלְטֶלְךָ טַלְטֵלָה גָ֫בֶר Is 22:17 hurleth thee violently. Hiph. Pf. הֵטִיל Jon 1:4; וְהֵטַלְתִּ֫י Je 16:13, 22:26; Impf. וַיָּ֫טֶל 1 S 18:11 (but v. infr.), 20:33; אֲטִילֶָךָ Ez 32:4 (LXX Co om.) וַיָּטִ֫לוּ Jon 1:5; וַיְטִלֻהוּ Jon 1:15; cast, cast out, of casting a javelin (חֲנִית) 1 S 18:11 (but rd. here וַיִּטֹל, √ נטל, and took up, so LXX Targum Th We Kp Kit, v. also Dr); 20:33 sq. על pers. aimed at; Jonah אֶל־הַיָּם Jon 1:12, 1:15; also the cargo כֵּלִים 1:5; fig. of י׳ casting Pharaoh על־פני השׂדה Ez 32:4 (Co del. v. supr.; ‖וּנְטַשְׁתִּיךָ בָאָרֶץ); hurl (send violently), of י׳ sending furious wind Jon 1:4; fig. of hurling king of Judah, etc. into exile Je 16:3 sq. acc. + מעל of land from which, and על of that to which; Je 22:26 c. acc. + על of land to which. Hoph. Pf. הוּטֲלוּ Je 22:28; Impf. יוּטַל Pr 16:33; יוּטָָל Ps 37:24; יֻטַָָל Jb 41:1; —

1. be hurled, e.g. into exile Je 22:28 (‖הֻשְׁלְכוּ); hurled down, headlong, כִּי יִפֹּל לאֹ יוּטָָל Ps 37:24 when he falls he shall not be hurled headlong (fig. of a good man); יֻטַָָל Jb 41:1 be overwhelmed, at sight of the crocodile.

2. of inanimate thing, be cast, thrown, the lot בַּחֵיק יוּטַל אֶת־הַגּוֹרָל Pr 16:33.

טַלְטֵלָה n.f. a hurling, Is 22:17, v. supr. Pilp., lit. hurleth thee with a hurling, O man; rd. perh. (Du), with a diff. word-division, טַלְטֵל הַגֶּבֶר (inf. abs.)

377

טוּר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. طَارَ go or hover about, approach, طَوْرُ limit, border).

טוּר n.m.:Ex 28:17 row—abs. ט׳ Ex 28:17 + 9 t.; cstr. id. 28:17 + 3 t.; pl. טוּרִים 28:17 + 7 t.; טֻרִים 1 K 7:20; cstr. טוּרֵי Ex 39:10 + 2 t.;—

1. row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon's house 1 K 6:36, 7:12; forming enclosures in corner of court Ez 46:23a; of beams 6:36, 7:12, v. also 7:4 (Th Klo, v. שֶׁקֶף, שְׁקֻפִים); of pillars 7:2, 7:3.

2. row of jewels, on high priest's breast-piece Ex 28:17, 28:17, 28:17, 28:18, 28:19, 28:20, 39:10, 39:10, 39:10, 39:11, 39:12, 39:13 (all P); of pomegranates on capitals of pillars in temple 1 K 7:20, 7:42, 2 Ch 4:13, so also prob. 1 K 7:18, v. Th Klo, after LXX; of knops round the molten sea 7:24, cf. 2 Ch 4:3 (oxen הַבָּקָר, erron. for הַפְּקָעִים 1 K 7:24).

† [טִירָה] n.f. encampment, battlement (fr. idea of surrounding, enclosure; Syr. ܛܝܳܪܳܐ sheepfold, ἔπαυλις)—cstr. טִירַת Ct 8:9; טִירָתָם Ps 69:25; pl. טִירוֹת Ez 46:23; sf. טִירֹתָם Nu 31:10, Gn 25:16; טִירוֹתָם 1 Ch 6:39; טִירוֹתֵיהֶם Ez 25:4; —

1. encampment, esp. of circular encampment of nomad tribes, mentioned with חחר Gn 25:16; with ערים Nu 31:10, Ez 25:4 (‖מִשׁכניהם); encampment (poet.) = habitation Ps 69:26 (‖אהליהם ); more gen., 1 Ch 6:39 (‖מושׁבות).

2. in metaph. כָָּסֶף ט׳ Ct 8:9 a battlement of silver.

3. row of stones, only pl. טִירוֹת Ez 46:23, virtually pl. of טוּר 1, q.v.

יְטוּר n.pr.m. and gent.(perh. connected etymolog. with טִירָה v. Gn 25:16)—a ‘ son ’ of Ishmael Gn 25:15 = 1 Ch 1:31 = tribe with which Reuben, Gad, and half Manasseh made war 1 Ch 5:19; 'Ιτονραἰὀ τε Κὰ ̓́Αραβες Strabo:xvi, 2, 18, ̓Ιτονρὰονς Joseph:Ant. xiii. 11, 3 ed. Niese; they gave name to their region, which was, substantially, Anti-Lebanon, cf. τῆς ̓Ιτονρὰας κὰ Τραχων̀τιδος χ́ρας Luke 3:1; on יְטוּר and (later) n.pr.terr. Ituraea, v. esp. GASm:Geogr. 544 ff. and reff.

† [טוּשׂ] vb. rush, dart (Aram. ܛܳܣ, טוּס fly)—only Qal Impf. כְּנֶשֶׁר יָטוּשׁ עֲלֵי אָֹכֶל Jb 9:26 like a vulture, which rusheth upon its food (sim. of swiftly passing days of Job's life).

† [טָחָה] vb. hurl, shoot (NH id.; Ar. طَحَي spread, extend, carry far with, e.g. a ball Lane:1832c)—only Pil. Pt. (Ges:§ 75 R 18) pl. cstr. הַרְחֵק כִּמְטַחֲוֵי קֶשֶׁת Gn 21:16 (E), lit. making distant like shooters of a bow = about a bowshot off.

† [טָחַח] vb. be besmeared—only Qal Pf. 3 ms. טַח מֵרְאוֹת עֵינֵיהֶם Is 44:18 their eyes have been besmeared so that they do not see, v. Di Du, and on sg. c. subj. pl. Ges:§ 145, 7a; others regard טַח as metaplastic pointing for טָח fr. טוח, v. Sta:§ 385d.

† [טָחַן] vb. grind (NH crush, olives, etc.; Aram. ܛܚܶܢ טְחַן grind; Ar. طَحَنَ grind; Eth. t.h.n:: polenta, farina bordacea)—Qal Pf. וְטָֽחֲנוּ Nu 11:8; Impf. וַיִּטְחַן Ex 32:20; 3 fs. תִּטְחַן Jb 31:10; 2 mpl. תִּטְחָָנוּ Is 3:15; Inf. abs. טָחוֹן Dt 9:21; Imv. fs. טַחֲנִי Is 47:2; Pt. טוֹחֵן Ju 16:21; טֹחֲנוֹת Ec 12:3; —grind, the work of women, c. acc., with millstones רֵחַיִם Nu 11:8 (JE; obj. the manna), Is 47:2 (obj. קָָמַח), this fig. of humiliation of Babylon; abs. Ju 16:21; תטחן לאחר אשׁתי Jb 31:10, i.e. serve him as his slave; no obj. expr. Ex 32:20 (E), Dt 9:21 (of golden calf); הַטֹּחֲנוֹת Ec 12:3 = the teeth (cf. Ar. طَوَاحِنُ molar teeth; so in Lexx Syr. ܛܰܚܳܢܐܬܳܐ, ܛܰܚܳܢܳܝܳܬܳܐ); פְּנֵי עֲנִיִּים ט׳ Is 3:15 the face of the poor ye grind, fig. of extreme oppression.

טְחוֹן n.[m.] grinding-mill, hand-mill; only נָשָָׂאוּ בַּחוּרִים ט׳ La 5:13 the young men have borne the mill (i.e. been compelled to bear it).

טַחֲנָה n.f. mill = foregoing, בִּשְׁפַל קוֹל הַטּ׳ Ec 12:4 when the sound of the mill is low (cf. v:3, sub vb. supr.)

טחר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. طَحَرَ eject; Aram. טְחַר ܛܚܰܪ strain at stool, t.h.oro0 dysentery).

† [טְחוֹר] n.m.:1 S 6:4 only pl. tumours, result of dysentery (v. Aram. √) (so Aram. טְחוֹרַיָּא, ܛܚܽܘܪܳܐ)—chiefly Qr for Kt עפלים, עפלֵי hemorrhoids: viz. טְחֹרִים Dt 28:27, 1 S 5:6, 5:9, 5:12; טְחֹרֵי זֶהָב 6:4; חַלְמֵי טְחֹרֵיכֶם 6:5; twice it has found its way into the Kt טְחֹרֵי הַזָּהָב 6:17, חַלְמֵי טְחֹרֵיהֶם 6:11; We:Sam. 27n., cf. Gei:Urschrift 408 f.

טטף (perh. √ of foll.; meaning dub.; Dl:Pr 46 comp. As. ṭaṭâpu, surround, encircle; Thes Di prop. √ טוף (cf. Ar. طَافَ go around), whence טוטפות = טפטפוֹת; Kn., foll. by Klein:JPTh 1881, 673 al., assumes √ טפף tap, strike, comp. δτ̀γμα, and thinks of actual sign or mark in the flesh as orig. meant).

טוֹטָפוֹת n.f.pl. bands (NH טוֹטֶפֶת Aram. טוֹטֶפְתָּא and esp. pl. טוטפין id.)—alw. bands, frontlet-bands, between the eyes (‖אוֹת על יד; cf. זִכָּרוֹן בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ Ex 13:9id.); fig. of dedication of firstborn לְטוֹטָפֹת בין עיניך…וְהָיָה Ex 13:16 (JE); of commandments of י׳, וְהָיוּ לְטו׳ Dt 11:18 and וְהָיוּ לְטֹטָפת Dt 6:8.—This injunction, orig. fig. for perpetual remembrance (otherwise Kn, and Klein:l.c. 666 ff., vid. supr., Benz:Arch. 111 Now:Arch. i. 134), was taken literally by later Jews, and hence the custom of wearing phylacteries; v. Di (on Ex 13:16) Winer:RE Ri:HWB (art. Denkzettel) Smith:Dict. Bib. (art. Frontlets) Sta:ZAW 1894, 312 f., 317.

378

טִיחַ v. sub טוּחַ. p. 376

טִיט v. sub טוּט. p. 376

טִירָה v. sub טוּר. p. 377

טַל v. sub I. טלל. below

† [טָלָא] vb. patch, spot (NH id., patch)—Qal Pt. pass. טָלוּא Gn 30:32, 30:32, 30:33; pl. טְלֻאִים v:35, v:39; טְלֻאוֹת Ez 16:16; טְלֻאֹת) Gn 30:35; chiefly of spotted, variegated sheep and goats (Jacob & Laban); ‖נָקֹד, נְקֻדִּים Gn 30:32, 30:32, 30:33, 30:35; ‖עקדים Gn 30:35; ‖ both, v:39 (all J); of high places, variegated (gaily-coloured shrines) Ez 16:16. Pu. Pt. מְטֻלָּאוֹת patched, of sandals Jos 9:5 (JE).

† I. טְלָאִים n.pr.loc. c. art. הַטְּל׳, place where Saul mustered his forces 1 S 15:4, prob. = טֶלֶם q.v.

II. טְלָאִים v. following.

טלה (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; Ar. طلو, طلي is tie a lamb to a stake, confine; Syr. ܛܰܠܶܐ is make young, both appar. denom.; Lag:Armen. Stud. § 2229 finds earlier form of טָלֶה in Armenian).

טָלֶה n.m.:1 S 7:9 lamb (NH id., lamb; Aram. טַלְיָא lamb, youth, טַלְיְתָא girl, ܛܰܠܝܳܐ boy, youth, ܛܠܺܝܬܳܐ girl (cf. Mk 5:41 SyrVer); Ar. طَلَنا young of cloven-footed animals, esp. young gazelle Hom:NS 235, Nedj. tully, male lamb, Doughty:Arab. Desert. i. 429, ii. 269; Eth. t’ali: flock of goats, goat, kid)—טְלֵה חָלָב 1 S 7:9 sucking lamb (for burnt-offering); in prediction זְאֵב וְטָלֶה יִרְעוּ Is 65:25 wolf & lamb shall feed; טְלָאִים pl. of foregoing, only Is 40:11 in metaph. of י׳ shepherding his people.

טלטלה v. sub טוּל.

I. טלל (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; perh. denom. are Ar. طَلَّ (the sky) rained fine rain; Eth. t’ala: be (moist), fat, II. fertilize).

טַל n.m.:Ju 6:37 night-mist, dew (NH טַל dew; Aram. ܛܰܠܳܐ, טַלָּא dew; Ar. طَلُّ light rain, dew; Eth. t’al: dew)—ט׳ abs. 1 S 1:21 + 12 t.; טָָל Ju 6:13 + 9 t.; cstr. טַל Gn 27:28 + 4 t.; sf. טַלֶָּךָ Is 26:19, טַלָּם Zc 8:12; —night-mist, taking place of our dew (v. Che Is 18:4 & Ps 110:3; Lane:1862, Neil: Pal. Explored 129); as coming from the sky and bringing fertility, טַל הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 27:28 (God gives it, נתן), & v:39 (+ מֵעָָל), cf. Dt 33:28 (heavens distil it, ערף), Hg 1:10, Zc 8:12 (heavens give it, נתן); in Dt 33:13 rd. perh. מֵעָָל for מִטַּל (v. ‖ Gn 49:25 and Di); clouds distil it (רעף) Pr 3:20; sq. עַל, it descends (ירד) upon the camp Nu 11:9 (JE); it is upon the ground Ju 6:39, 6:40, cf. 2 S 1:21 (+ מָטָר); upon the fleece Ju 6:37; is wrung out (מוץ) of the fleece v:38; remains through the night (לון) Jb 29:19, cf. שִׁכְבַת הַטּ׳ the lying of dew = the dew lying Ex 16:13, 16:14 (P; it goes up (עלה) in morning); it is in drops מִי הוֹלִיד אֶגְלֵי טָָל Jb 38:28; covers the head of one out at night Ct 5:2; it comes (היה) by word of prophet 1 K 17:1 (+ מָטָר); sim. of stealthy approach כַּאֲשֶׁר יִפֹּל הַטַּל עַל־הָאֲדָמָה 2 S 17:12; sim. denoting welcome and gentle refreshment, of speech, which distils (נזל) like it Dt 32:2 (poem; ‖שְׂעִירִים, רְבִיבִים); of fraternal unity כְּטַל חֶרְמוֹן Ps 133:3 (ירד על); of king's favour Pr 19:12 (על); of י׳'s kindness Ho 14:6; כְּעָב טַל Is 18:4 like a mist-cloud, of י׳'s quiet watching; of Jacob's influence among nations Mi 5:6 (מֵאֵת י׳ ט׳; ‖רְבִיבִים); טַל אוֹרֹת טַלֶָּךָ Is 26:19 a dew of light is thy dew (v. I. אוֹרָה, p. 21:b supr. and Baud: Stud. Sem. Rel. ii. 264 f.); as transitory, כַּטַּל מַשְׁכִּים הֹלֵךְ Ho 6:4 like the dew early departing, so 13:3 (both ‖עַנַן־בֹּקֶר); fig. of young warriors of king established by י׳, with flashing weapons, like dewdrops טַל יַלְדֻתֶָךָ Ps 110:3.

† II. [טָלַל] vb. cover over, roof, Aram. loan-word, v. חלל (ܛܰܠܶܠ cover over, esp. put on roof, ܬܰܛܠܺܝܠ roof, στέγη: so Palm. v. Eut:SBAk, 1885, 669)—only Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וִיטַלֲלֶנּוּ Ne 3:15 he built it (kept on building it, i.e. a city-gate) and covered it over (laid timbers to cover it, cf. קֵרוּהוּ they laid its timbers v:3, v:6; v. also בְּחֵל קֹרָתִי Gn 19:8 in the shadow of my roof).

טלם (√ of foll.; perh. cf. Ar. ظَلَمَ; Aram. טְלַם, ܛܠܰܡ; Eth. t’alama: all oppress, injure; in this case טֶלֶם, טַלְמֹן will be Aramaic names, since ظ = Heb. ח).

טֶ֫לֶם n.pr.loc. et pers. 1. n.pr.loc. in the Negeb of Judah, Jos 15:24 = טלאים 1 S 15:4, rd. perh. טֵלָאם We Dr. We rds. טֵלָם also for חוילה 1 S 15:7, cf. Dr. 2. n.pr.m. one of the porters Ezr 10:24.

379

טַלְמֹן, once טַלְמוֹן n.pr.m. name of porters.

1. 1 Ch 9:17, Ezr 2:42 = Ne 7:45.

2. Ne 11:19, 12:25 (טַלְמוֹן).

† I. טָמֵא vb. be or become unclean (NH Pi. pollute (ceremonially); Aram. טְמָא and esp. deriv., ܛܰܡܰܐ Pa. pollute; v. RS:K 307 ff.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ט׳ Lv 11:25 + 22 t.; 3 fs. טָֽמְאָה 12:2 + 2 t.; 2 fs. טָמֵאת Ez 22:4; pl. טָֽמְאוּ Lv 15:18; Impf. יִטְמָא Lv 5:3 + 34 t.; 3 fs. תִּטְמָא 12:2 + 4 t.; pl. יִטְמְאוּ Ps 106:39; Inf. טָמְאָה Lv 15:32 + 6 t.;—be or become unclean:

1. sexually, c. בְּ Lv 18:20, 18:23 (H), Ez 23:17; the land Lv 18:25, 18:27 (H).

2. religiously, with idols Ez 22:3; c. בְ v:4; with necromancers Lv 19:31 (H); by sacrificing children to idols Ps 106:39.

3. ceremonially, by contact with carcasses of unclean animals Lv 11:24, 11:27, 11:28, 11:31, 11:32, 11:33, 11:34, 11:34, 11:35, 11:36, 11:40 (P); any carcass 17:15 (H); eating of a carcass 22:8 (H); by issues 15:4, 15:9, 15:20, 15:20, 15:24, 15:27, 15:32 (P); by contact with an unclean man 5:3, 15:4 (P), 22:5 (H), or thing 22:6 (H); by leprosy 13:14, 13:46, 14:36, 14:46 (P); by contact with the dead Nu 6:12, 19:20 (P), Ez 44:25, or with one unclean by such contact Nu 19:22 (P), Hg 2:13, 2:13; by contact with creeping things Lv 22:5 (H); certain animals were alw. unclean 11:26, 11:27 (P). In ordinary cases of uncleanness טמא עד הערב unclean till even Lv 11:24, 11:25, 11:27, 11:28, 11:31, 11:32, 11:39, 11:40, 11:40, 14:46, 15:5, 15:6, 15:7, 15:8, 15:10, 15:10, 15:11, 15:16, 15:17, 15:18, 15:19, 15:21, 15:22, 15:23, 15:27, Nu 19:7, 19:8, 19:10, 19:21, 19:22 (all P), Lv 17:15, 22:6 (H); but uncleanness lasted 7 days for woman bearings a son Lv 12:2, 12:2 (P), for lying with woman having an issue 15:24 (P), or one coming in contact with the dead Nu 19:11, 19:14, 19:16 (P); it lasted 14 days for a woman bearing a daughter Lv 12:5 (P). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִטְמָא Ho 5:3, 6:10; 3 fs. נִטְמְאָה Nu 5:27, 5:28; נִטְמָָאָה 5:13 + 5 t.; 1 s. נִטְמֵאתִי Je 2:23; 2 m.pl. נִטְמֵתֶם Lv 11:43 (א omitted by scribal error; but Ges al. derive from טמה), etc. + 4 t. pf.; Pt. pl. נִטְמְאִים Ez 20:30, 20:31; —defile oneself, be defiled: 1. sexually, Lv 18:24 (H), Nu 5:13, 5:14, 5:14, 5:20, 5:27, 5; 28, 5:29 (P). 2. by idolatry conceived as whoredom Ho 5:3, 6:10, Je 2:23, Ez 20:30, 20:31, 20:43, 23:7, 23:13, 23:30. 3. ceremonially, by eating creeping things Lv 11:43.

4. be regarded as unclean (cf. Pi. 4), prob. נִטְמִינִוּ Jb 18:3 we are accounted as unclean; metal. from; on another view v. טמה. Pi. Pf. טִמֵּא Gn 34:5 + 15 t.; sf. טִמְּאוֹ Lv 13:8 + 3 t.; 2 fs. טִמֵּאת Ez 5:11, etc. + 7 t. Pf.; Impf. יְטַמֵּא 2 K 23:8, etc. + 12 t. Impf.; Imv. pl. טַמְּאוּ Ez 9:7; Inf. טַמֵּא Lv 13:44 + 2 t.; sf. טַמְּאָם 15:31, etc. + 4 t. Inf.;—defile: 1. sexually Gn 34:5, 34:13, 34:27 (R), Ez 18:6, 18:11, 18:15, 22:11, 33:26; the land by sexual impurities of the people Lv 18:28 (H); Isr. by spiritual whoredom Ez 23:17. 2. religiously: the land by bloodshed Nu 35:34 (P); by allowing the dead body of the murderer to hang on the tree over night Dt 21:23; by idolatry Je 2:7, Ez 36:17, 36:18; Isr. defiled the sacred places by the sacrifice of children Lv 20:3 (H), Ez 23:38, and God defiled him thereby 20:26; he defileth the sacred places by idolatry 2 Ch 36:14, Je 7:30 = 32:34, Ez 5:11; the holy name of י׳ 43:7, 43:8; Josiah defiled the idolatrous places of worship by destroying them and making them unfit for use 2 K 23:8, 23:10, 23:13, 23:16; of Isr. defiling idolatrous images Is 30:22, and the nations the temple of God Ps 79:1. 3. ceremonially: by ceremonial uncleanness, the sacred places Lv 15:31, Nu 19:13, 19:20 (P); the camp Nu 5:3 (P); the temple by dead bodies Ez 9:7; the Nazirite's head of separation by a death occurring in his presence Nu 6:9 (P); the people defile themselves (נפשׁתיכם) by creeping things Lv 11:44 (P). 4. pronounce or declare ceremonially unclean: the leper Lv 13:3, 13:8, 13:11, 13:15, 13:20, 13:22, 13:25, 13:27, 13:30, 13:44, 13:44, 13:59 (P); unclean animals 20:25 (H). Pu. Pt. נַפְשִׁי לאֹ מְטֻמָּאָה Ez 4:14 myself is not polluted. Hithp. Impf. יִטַּמָּא Lv 21:1 + 4 t.; pl. יִטַּמְּאוּ Ez 14:11, 37:23; יִטַּמָָּאוּ Ho 9:4, Ez 44:25, etc. + 6 t. Impf.—reflexive, defile oneself: by eating of an unaccepted peace-offering Ho 9:4; c. בְּ Lv 18:24, 18:30 (H), 11:43 (P), Ez 14:11, 20:7, 20:18, 37:23; c. לְ for a dead person Lv 21:1, 21:3, 21:11 (H), Nu 6:7 (P); by Lv 11:24 (P); without prep. 21:4 (H), Ez 44:25. Hothp. Pf. אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר חֻטַּמָָּאָה Dt 24:4 after that she has been defiled (sexually); on form v. Ges:§ 54. 3.

† II. טָמֵא adj. unclean;—ט׳ Lv 5:2 + 58 t.; cstr. טְמֵא 22:4 + 3 t.; f. טְמֵאָה 5:2 + 11 t.; cstr. טְמֵאַת Ez 22:5, 22:10; pl. טְמֵאִים Lv 11:8 + 10 t.;—unclean,

1. ethically and religiously שׂפתים ט׳ Is 6:5, 6:5 unclean of lips; השׁם ט׳ Ez 22:5 defiled of name, infamous; טהור מִטּ׳ Jb 14:4.

2. ritually: a. of persons, ‖טהור Dt 12:15, 12:22, 15:22, Ec 9:2; נפשׁ ט׳ Lv 22:4 (H); (אדם) לנפשׁ ט׳ unclean for a (dead) person Nu 5:2, 9:6, 9:7, 9:10 (P) = נפשׁ ט׳ Hg 2:13; elsewh. for various reasons Dt 26:14; Lv 5:2, 13:11, 13:16, 13:44, 13:45, 13:45, 13:46, 15:2, 15:25, 15:33, Nu 19:13, 19:17, 19:19, 19:20, 19:22 (all P), 2 Ch 23:19, Is 64:5, Ez 4:13, 22:10, La 4:15. b. of animals Lv 5:2, 5:2, 5:2, 5:2, 7:21, 7:21, 11:4, 11:5, 11:6, 11:7, 11:8, 11:26, 11:27, 11:28, 11:29, 11:31, 27:11, 27:27, Nu 18:15 (all P), Lv 20:25, 20:25 (H), Dt 14:7, 14:8, 14:10, 14:19. c. of things in gen. Lv 11:35, 11:35, 11:38, 15:26, Nu 19:15 (all P), Is 52:11; food Ju 13:4, Ho 9:3; houses Je 19:13; leprosy Lv 13:15, 13:51, 13:55, 14:44, 14:57 (P); offering Hg 2:14. d. persons and things in general כל טמא Lv 7:19, 7:21 (P); ובין הטהור הבדיל בין הט׳ Lv 10:10, 11:47; לטהור ט׳(ה)הודיע בין Ez 22:26, 44:23; of aliens Is 52:1 (‖עָרֵל), perhaps also 35:8.

3. specif. of places: מקום ט׳ unclean place (place of refuse away from holy place and human habitation) Lv 14:40, 14:41, 14:45 (P); טמאה ארץ land on the east of the Jordan separated from the land of the tabernacle of י׳ Jos 22:19 (P); so אדמה ט׳ a foreign land Am 7:17.

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טֻמְאָה n.f. uncleanness;—abs. ט׳ Nu 5:19 + 4 t.; cstr. טֻמְאַת Lv 5:3 + 4 t.; sf. טֻמְאָתֵח Ez 22:15 + 2 t. etc., 18 t. sfs.; pl. טֻמְאֹת Lv 16:16, 16:19; sf. טֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶם Ez 36:25, 36:29; טֻמְאֹתָם Lv 16:16; —

1. sexual Nu 5:19 (P), La 1:9.

2. of a foul or filthy mass Ez 24:11 (in a caldron), 2 Ch 29:16 (in the temple).

3. ethical and religious Lv 16:16 (P); Ez 22:15, 24:13, 39:24; כפר על הקדשׁ מט׳ Lv 16:16 (P); קדּשׁ מט׳ Lv 16:19 (P); טהר מט׳ Ez 24:13, 36:25; הושׁיע מכל ט׳ 36:29; רוּחַ הט׳ unclean spirit, which inspired the prophets to lie Zc 13:2.

4. ritual, of men Lv 5:3, 5:3, 7:20, 7:21, 14:19, 15:3, 15:3, 15:31, 15:31, Nu 19:13 (all P), Lv 22:3, 22:5 (H); women 2 S 11:4; וַיִּשְׁכַּב עִמָּהּ וְהִיא מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת מִטֻמְאָתָהּ v. Dr; a time favourable to conception RS:K 276; Lv 15:25, 15:26, 15:30 (P), 18:19 (H), Ez 36:17; of meats Ju 13:7, 13:14.

5. local, of the nations Ezr 6:21, 9:11.

טָמְאָה n.f. uncleanness (טָֽמְאָה, Bear, seems to rest upon a misinterpretation of the form) Mi 2:10 (so Thes MV SS); of ethical uncleanness, from wrong-doing.

† [טָמָה] vb. only Niph. Pf. נִטְמִינוּ we are stopped up, stupid Jb 18:3 so Thes MV Di De Zö (Aram. טַמֵּם, טַמְטֵם stop up (e.g. of ear or heart), ܛܰܡܶܡ, etc., and deriv.; Ar. طَمَّ fill or choke up); Vulgate Ew Hgst AV RV Da SS take it as metaplastic for נִטְמֵאנוּ we are regarded as unclean, see Ew:§ 198 b Kö:i, 614; LXX rds. נִדְמִינוּ σεσιωπήκαμεν; Targum טְמַעֲנָא.

טָמַן vb. hide, conceal, esp. in earth (NH id.; whence perh. Aram. טְמֵן keep, preserve; cf. Ar. طَمَرَ bury, hide (loan-word Frä:137); Aram. ܛܡܰܪ, טְמַר id.);—Qal Pf. טְמֵן Ps 35:8 + 2 t. etc; Impf. וֵיִּטְמֹן Gn 35:4, etc.; Imv. sf. טָמְנֵהוּ Je 13:4; טָמְנֵם Jb 40:13; Inf. cstr. לִטְמוֹן Jb 31:33, Ps 64:6; Pt. pass. טָמוּן Jb 3:16 + 3 t.; טְמוּנָה Jos 7:22; pl. טְמֻנִיוּ Jos 7:21; cstr. טְמוּנֵי Dt 33:19; —

1. hide, c. acc. Gn 35:4 (E), Ex 2:12 (E; dead body in sand), Jos 2:6 (JE; spies under flax-stalks), Jos 7:21, 7:22 (JE; Achan's theft), Je 13:4, 13:5, 13:6, 13:7 (Jer.'s girdle), 43:9, 43:10 (stones at Tahpanhes); hide, bury hand in dish (חַלָָּחַת) Pr 19:24, 26:15 (of עָחֵל the sluggard); נֵפֶל טָמוּן Jb 3:16 hidden abortion, i.e. a lifeless child at once buried; שְׂפֻנֵי טְמוּנֵי חול Dt 33:19 (poem); of hiding iniquity עון Jb 31:33; hiding the wicked in the dust עפר Jb 40:13.

2. often of hiding, concealing, secretly laying a snare רֶשֶׁת Ps 9:16, 35:8, sq. לִי 31:5; שַׁחַת רִשְׁתָּם 35:7; פַּח sq. לִי 140:6, 142:4; sq. לרגלי Je 18:22; חבל Jb 18:10; מוֹקשׁים Ps 64:5.

3. טָמוּן that which is darkened = darkness, Jb 40:13 nearly = שְׁאוֹל: פניהם חֲבשׁ בט׳ bind their faces in darkness (i.e. the wicked); hide = reserve Jb 20:26 all darkness is held in reserve for his treasures, i.e. all calamities are stored up for them. Niph. Imv. חִטָּמֵן בֶּעָפָר מִפְּנֵי פַּחַד י׳ Is 2:10 hide thyself in the dust, from before the terror of י׳. Hiph. (or Qal? Ba:ZMG 1889, 180) Impf. וַיֵּלִכוּ וַיַּטְמִנוּ 2 K 7:8, 7:8 and they went and hid (it), i.e. plunder fr. Aram. camp.

מַטְמוֹן n.m. hidden treasure, treasure;—abs. מַטְמוֹן Gn 43:23; pl. מַטְמֹנִים Je 41:8, Pr 2:4; מַטְמוֹנִים Jb 3:21; cstr. מַטְמֻנֵי Is 45:3; (hidden) treasure Gn 43:23 (of money in sacks); מַטְמֻנֵי מִסְתָּרים Is 45:3 (i.e. treasures now hidden in secret places, shall become spoil of Cyrus; ‖אוחרות חשׁך), Je 41:8, appos. חִפִּים שְׁעֹרִים שֶׁמֶן דבשׁ; in compar. Jb 3:21 (longing for death more than for treasure), Pr 2:4 (wisdom sought for like treasure).

טנא (√ of foll.; Ph. טנא is set up, erect, also offer, present, acc. to DHM in MV:10, 983).

טֶ֫נֶא n.m.:Dt 28:5 basket (NH טְנִי is a large metal vessel)—abs. טֶ֫נֶא Dt 26:4, טֶָנֶא v:2; sf. טַנְאֲךָ 28:5, 28:17; in all a receptacle for products of soil (in last two ‖מִשְׁאֶרֶת).

† [טָנַף] vb. soil, defile (NH Pi. id.; Aram. Pa. טַנֵּף, ܛܰܢܶܦ; As. ṭanâpu II, I, Dl:Pr 33; HWB 302; Ar. طَنِفَ is be suspicious, be intrinsically corrupt)—Pi. Impf. אֲטַנְּפֵם Ct 5:3 how should I soil them, i.e. my feet (poet. Aramaism).

† [טָעָה] vb. wander, stray (NH id., err; Aram. טְעָא, ܛܥܳܐ; Ar. طَغَ exceed just limit, be immoderate, extravagant, طَْغِيَةُ one who deviates from right way: Eth. t’a9ot: apostasy, superstition, idolatry)—Qal Pt. f. טֹעֲיָה(כְּ) Ct 1:7 like a wandering (vagrant) woman, for MT כְּעֹטְיָה acc. to SyrVer Sym. Targum Vulgate Bö Hi Gr al. Hiph. Pf. הִטְעוּ אֶת־עַמִּי Ez 13:10 fig., they have led astray my people.

טָעַם vb. taste, perceive (NH id.; Aram. ܛܐܶܡ, טְעֵים taste; As. n. ṭêmû, sense, command, Zim:BP 92 Lyon:Sargontexte 67 Asrb:Annals iii, 95; Ar. طَعِمَ eat, taste, examine by tasting; Eth. t’9ma:, t’a9ama: taste, examine by tasting, etc.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ט׳ 1 S 14:24; 3 fs. טָֽעֲמָה Pr 31:18; 1 S. טָעַמְתִּי 1 S 14:29, 14:43; Impf. 3 ms. יִטְעַם 1 S 19:36 + 2 t.; 1 S. אֶטְעַם 2 S 3:35; 3 mpl. יִטְעֲמוּ Jon 3:7; Imv. mpl. טַעֲמוּ Ps 34:9; Inf. abs. טָעֹם 1 S 14:13; —

1. taste, of eating in small quantity, sq. acc. לָָחֶם 1 S 14:24, מְעַט דְּבַשׁ v:29, so v:43 (טָעִם טָעַמְתִּי); לֶחֶם אוֹ כָל־מְאוּמָה 2 S 3:35; מְאוּמָה Jon 3:7.

2. of sense of taste, obj. אֶת־אֲשֶׁר אֹכַל וְאֶת־אֲשֶׁר אֶשְׁתֶּה 2 S 19:36; so חֵח אֹכֶל יִטְעַם־לוֹ Jb 12:11; חֵח יִטְעֱַ לָאֱכֹל 34:3.

3. fig. Pr 31:18 she tasteth that her gain is good (obj. cl. c. כִּי), i.e. she experiences that her trade is profitable; so מַעֲמוּ וּרְאוּ כִּי־טוֹב יהוה Ps 34:9 taste ye and see that י׳ is good.

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טַ֫עַם n.m.:Je 48:11 taste, judegement—ט׳ abs. Jb 6:6, Ps 119:66; טָָעַם Pr 11:22, 26:16; cstr. טַעַם Nu 11:8 + 2 t.; sf. טַעְמוֹ Ex 16:31 + 4 t.; מַעְמֵךְ 1 S 25:33; —

1. taste of manna Ex 16:31 (P), Nu 11:8 (JE), cf. v:8; in juice of purslain Jb 6:6; of Moab under fig. of wine Je 48:11 (‖רֵיחַ).

2. fig. judgement, discretion, discernment, 1 S 25:33, Pr 11:22, Jb 12:20, so טוּב טַעַם וָדַעַת לַמְּדֵנִי Ps 119:66; מְשִׁיבֵי ט׳ Pr 26:16 those answering discretion, i.e. discreetly: שׁנה טעם change, disguise one's judgement, sense 1 S 21:13, Ps 34:1, of David feigning madness.

3. (late Aramaism, cf. Dn 3:10 etc.) decision, decree טַעַם מֶלָח וּגְּדֹלָיו Jon 3:7.

† [מַטְעָם] n.m. only pl. tasty or savoury food, dainties—מַטְעַמִּים Gn 27:4, 27:7, 27:9, 27:14, 27:17, 27:31 (all J); sf. מַטְעַמּוֹתָיו Pr 23:3; מַטְעַמֹּתָיו v:6.

† I. [טָעַן] vb. load (NH id.; Aram. ܛܥܶܡ, טְעֵן, טְעַן carry, also laod)—Qal Imv. טַעֲנוּ אֶת־בְּעִירְכֶם Gn 45:17 (E) load your beasts.

† II. [טָעַן] vb. pierce (Aram. Pa. טָעֵן pierce; Ar. طَعَنَ pierce, wound, goad)—only Pu. Pt. מְטֹעֲנֵי חָָרֶב Is 14:19 those pierced with a sword.

טַף v. sub טפף. below

† [טָפַח] vb. extend, spread (Ar. طَفَحَ be full to overflowing, abound; Aram. ܛܦܰܚ extend, spread; טְפוּחָא a step, foot-length; NH טֶפַח a span (cf. טֶפַח infr.))—Pi. Pf. טִפְּחָה Is 48:13; טִפַּחְתִּי La 2:22; —

1. spread out the heavens Is 48:13 (‖יָסְֽדָה ארץ).

2. denom. fr. טֶפַח carry on the palms, dandle La 2:22 (‖רִבִּיתִי I have brought up, reared).

טִפֻּחִים n.m. pl. abstr. dandling, עֹלֲלֵי ט׳ La 2:20.

טֶ֫פַח n.[m.] 1. a span, hand-breadth; 2. coping (?);—

1. a span, hand-breadth, טֶ֫פַח 1 K 7:26 = 2 Ch 4:5 of thickness of the molten sea; pl. טְפָחוֹת Ps 39:6 (a few) hand-breadths are my days.

2. architectural term, perh. coping, וּמִמַּסַּד עַד־הַטְּפָחוֹת 1 K 7:9.

טֹ֫פַח n.m.:Ez 40:43 span, hand-breadth—alw. abs. טֹפַח Ex 25:25, 37:12 (both P), width of border of table in tabernacle; Ez 40:5, 43:13 addit. to common cubit; Ez 40:43 width of border (ledge) of four tables in new temple (Sm Co).

מִטְפַּ֫חַת n.f. cloak, abs. הַמִּטְפַּחַת אֲשֶׁר־ עָלַיִח Ru 3:15; pl. הַמִּטְפָּחוֹת Is 3:22.

† [טָפַל] vb. smear or plaster (over), stick, glue (NH id., besmear, plaster; Aram. טְפַל id., fig. attack; טְפֵילָא mortar; ܛܦܶܠ defile; As. ṭapâlu, besmear (?), Dl:Pr 48; HWB)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. טָֽפְלוּ Ps 119:69; Impf. 2 ms. וַתִּטְפֹּל Jb 14:17 Pt. pl. cstr. טֹפְלֵי Jb 13:4; —טָֽפְלוּ עָלַי שֶׁקֶר זֵדִים Ps 119:69 insolent men have plastered falsehood over me, ‘making his real character unrecognisable’ (De); טִפְלֵי שֶׁקֶר Jb 13:4 ye are falsehood-plasterers (‖רֹפְאֵי אֱלִל); cf. As.amât tašḳirti tâpilti Ullusum, a speech of falsehood besmearing Ullusum, Dt:Pr 48; וַתִּטְפֹּל עֵל־עֲוֹנִי Jb 14:17 and thou hast glued over mine iniquity, i.e. glued it up, for safe keeping against the day of reckoning (‖חָתֻם בִּחְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי).

טִפְסָר n.[m.] scribe, marshal (if meaning correct, then As. loan-word, fr. dupsarru, tablet-writer, scribe, v. Len:Langue Primit. de la Chaldeve, 365 Schr:COT on Je 51:27, Lotz:TP 180; dupsûarru, acc. to Dl:HWB 227)—pl. sf. טַפְסְרַיִח Na 3:17 (as if fr. טַפְסֵר) thy scribes, marshals, of high officials of Nineveh; abs. sg. פִּקְדוּ עָלֶיהָ טִפְסָר Je 51:27 appoint a marshal against her, i.e. against Babylon.—On military function of those skilled in writing cf. שֹׁטֵר.

† [טָפַף] vb. trip, take quick little steps (cf. Ar. طَفَّ pass by quickly, طَفَّافُ light, brisk, quick, of horse; poss. cf. Syr. ܛܰܦܛܶܦ flicker)—Qal Inf. abs. טָפֹף Is 3:16 הָלוֹךְ וְטָפֹף תֵּלַכְנָה, of women of Jerusalem.

טַף:42 n.m. coll. Children (as going with quick, tripping steps; Eth. t’af: Di:1251)—טַף Je 41:16 + 11 t.; טָָף Je 40:7 + 5 t.; sf. טַפֵּנוּ Gn 43:8 + 5 t.; טַפְּכֶם Gn 45:19 + 10 t.; טַפָּם Gn 34:29 + 6 t.; never cstr. and never pl. (in Gn 47:24 om. LXX, cf. Di);—children, little ones, Gn 34:29 (E) + 18 t. JE (Gn Ex Nu), also Dt 1:39 + 8 t. D (incl. Jos 1:14, 8:35); P only Nu 31:9, 31:17, 31:18, where note זָכָר בַּטָָּף v:17 = young boys, and הַטַף בַּנָּשִׁים v:18 = young girls; also Ju 18:21, 21:10, 2 S 15:22, Je 40:7, 41:16, 43:6, Ez 9:6, 2 Ch 20:13, 31:18, Ezr 8:21, Est 3:13, 8:11; the words מְתִים וְנָשִׁים וְהַטָָף Dt 2:34, 3:6 incl. all inhabitants; so אֲנָשִׁים וְהַנָּשִׁים וְהַטָּף Dt 31:12, Je 40:7, 43:6; טַף distinguished from בָּחוּר וּבְּתוּלָה Ez 9:6; also from בְּנֵיהֶם 2 Ch 20:13, and from בְנֵיהֶם וּבְנוֹתֵיהֶם 2 Ch 31:18.

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טָפַשׁ vb. be gross (NH Hithp. grow stupid, and deriv.; Aram. טְפֵשׁ, for Heb. שׁמן Is 6:11, Ithp. be stupid; cf. As. ṭapâšu, be abundant, large, Guy:JAS 1883, Août-Sept. 189)—metaph. טָפַשׁ כַּחֵלֶב לִבָָּם Ps 119:70 their heart is gross, like fat.

טָפַת n.pr.f. daughter of Solomon, & wife of בֶּן־אֲבִינָדָב 1 K 4:11.

† [טָרַד] vb. pursue, chase, be continuous (Ar. طَرَدَ pursue; II. prolong one's voice; VIII. continue uninterruptedly: As. ṭarâdu, drive away COT:Gloss, so Aram. ܛܪܰܕ, טְרַד)—only Qal Pt. act. וְדֶלֶף טֹרֵד Pr 19:13 a continuous dripping, dropping, i.e. one in which one drop pursues another; so טוֹרֵד ד׳ 27:15; in both sim. of a contentious woman.

מְטְרֵד n.pr.f. mother-in-law of Hadar (Hadad) Gn 36:39 LXX Ματρ(α)ε(ι)θ (LXX here, not in Ch, makes מ׳ son of Mezahab, i.e. n.pr.m.) = 1 Ch 1:50, LXX Ματραδ, Ματρηθ.

טרה (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. طَرُوَ, طَرِيَ be fresh, juicy, moist; Eth. t’r4y: raw).

† [טָרִי] adj. fresh, only fs. טְרִיָּה fresh, לְחִי־חֲמוֹר טְרִיָּה Ju 15:15 the fresh jawbone of an ass, i.e. not yet dry and brittle; מַכָּה ט׳ Is 1:6 fresh, raw wound, not yield healed or even treated (so Ges Ew Brd Di Du; festering De Che).

† [טָרַח] vb. toil, be burdened (NH id., toil, Hiph. weary, importune; Aram. טְרַח toil, etc.; Ar. طَرَحَ is cast, throw, remove)—Hiph. Impf. אַף־בְּרִי יַטְרִיחַ עָָב Jb 37:11 he burdeneth with moisture the cloud(s).

טֹ֫רַח n.m. budren, fig. הָיוּ עָלַי לָטָֹרַח :נִלְאֵיתִי נְשֽׂא Is 1:14 they are become a burden on me, I am weary of bearing; אֵיכָה אֶשָּׂא טָרְחֲכֶם Dt 1:12 (+ מַשַּׂאֲכֶם וְרֵיבְכֶם) how can I bear the burden of you?

טֶ֫רֶם:54, once (Ru 3:14 Kt) טְרוֹם, adv. of time, not yet, ere, before that (deriv. unknown: not found in cogn. Languages)—construed mostly with the impf. (with the pf. only Gn 24:15 (v:45 impf.), 1 S 3:7 a (v:b impf.), and בְּטֶרֶם Ps 90:2 Pr 8:25):—

1.טֶרֶס in an independent sentence, not yet, Gn 2:5 and all the plants of the field טרם יהיה בארץ were not yet in the earth, etc., 19:4 טרם ישׁכבו not yet had they lain down, when etc., 24:15, 24:45, Nu 11:33, Jos 2:8, 1 S 3:3, 3:7, 3:7; of present time, Ex 9:30, 10:7 הֲטֶרֶם תֵּדַע dost thou not yet know, etc.?; in a subord. clause, ere, before that, Ex 12:34 they took their dough טרם יחמץ before it was leavened, Jos 3:1, Ps 119:67; of future time Is 65:24. More frequently

2. בְּטֶרֶם:39, with the same force: of past time, Gn 27:33 I ate of all בטרס תבא before thou camest, 37:18, 41:50, Ju 14:18, 1 S 2:15, Je 1:5, 47:1, Ez 16:57; Ps 90:2, Pr 8:25 (both with pf.); more oft. of pres. or fut., as Gn 27:4 בטרם אמזת before I die (so 45:28, cf. Ps 39:14, Jb 10:21), Lv 14:36, Dt 31:21, 1 S 9:13, 2 K 2:9, Is 7:16, 42:9, 48:5, Je 13:16; the impf. with a freq. force, Ex 1:19 before the midwife cometh, they are wont to bear, Ru 3:14, Pr 18:13. Pleon. בְּטֶרֶם לאֹ Zp 2:2, 2:2. Construed with a subst. in the gen., † Is 17:14 בְּטֶרֶם בֹּקֶר = ere morning, 28:4 בְּטֶרֶם קַיִץ; with an inf. † Zp 2:2a (but rd. here with LXX We בְּטֶרֶם לאֹ תֵהְיוּן כְּמוֹץ עֹבֵר, without יוֹם, ‘before ye become as chaff passing away’).

3.מִטֶּרֶם Hg 2:15 (sq. inf.) מִטֶּרֶם שׂוּם אֶבֶן from before the laying of one stone upon another, etc.

טָרַף vb. tear, rend, pluck (NH id., esp. of wild beasts; Aram. טָרַף tear, seize, esp. of creditors; טְרֵיפָא torn flesh or animal; Ar. طَرَفَ depasture, said of camel)—Qal Pf. טָרַף Jb 16:9; טָרָָף Ho 6:1, etc.; Impf. יִטְרֹף Ps 7:3; וַיִּטְרֹף Am 1:11 (but v. infr.); יִטְרָָף Gn 49:27; אֶטְרֹף Ho 5:14, Ps 50:22; Inf. לִטְרֹף Ps 17:12; Pt. act. טֹרֵף Jb 18:4, etc.;—tear rend, of wild beasts, Gn 37:33 (J), 44:28 (J; inf. abs. c. Pu. q. v.), Ex 22:12 (JE; inf. abs. c. Niph. q.v.) Elsewh. only in sim. and metaph.; sim. of Gad's fierceness Dt 33:20 (like a lioness, poem); so of Benjamin Gn 49:27 (as a wolf, poem); of the remnant of Jacob, like a young lion among sheep, רָמַס וְטָרַף Mi 5:7; of the wicked, Ps 17:12 (lion), 7:3 obj. נַפְשִׁי (like a lion); 22:14 psalmist's foes like lion (‖שֹׁאֵג); Ez 22:25 (טֹרֵף טָָרֶף), princes like wolves v:27 (id.); metaph. of Israel's princes, like young lion 19:3, 19:6 (c. טֶרֶף acc. cogn.); of Nineveh's king Na 2:13 (as lion); of God's treatment of the wicked Ho 5:14 (like a lion), Ps 50:22; subj. wrath of God (אַף) conceived as assailing Job, Jb 16:9 his wrath teareth and persecuteth me; cf. טָרָ֖ף וְיִרְפָּאֵנוּ Ho 6:1 subj. י׳ (‖יַח וְיַחְבְּשֵׁנוּ; on tenses v. Dr:§ 84 β; 171, 174 n. 1); subj. anger of Edom (abs.) Am 1:11, but rd. perh. וַיִּטֹּר for וַיִּטְרֹף and he kept his anger perpetually, so Ol on Ps 103:9 We; טֹרֵף נַפְשׁוֹ בְּאַפּוֹ, said of Job by Bildad Jb 18:4. Niph. Impf. of animal torn (by wild beasts) טָרֹף יִטָּרֵף Ex 22:12 (JE); יִטָּרֵף also in prediction of judgment on people of Jerusalem Je 5:6. Pu. Pf. טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵף Gn 37:33 (J) Joseph has certainly been torn in pieces; cf. טֹרָָף ט׳ 44:28 (J). Hiph. Imv. ms. sf., note esp. 2nd acc. לֶחֶם, הַטְרִפֵנִי לָחֶם חֻקִּי Pr 30:8 let me devour my appointed bread (of men, late; cf. טֶרֶף 31:15, and Ps 111:5, Mal 3:10).

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טָרָף adj. fresh-plucked (Aram. ܛܰܪܦܳܐ, טַרְפָּא fresh leaf)—עֲלֵה זַיִת טָרָף Gn 8:11 (J) a fresh-plucked olive leaf.

טֶ֫רֶף n.m.:Na 3:1 prey, food; leaf;—טֶרֶף Gn 49:9 +; טָָרֶף Jb 4:11 +; sf. טַרְפֵח Na 2:14; טַרְפּוֹ Is 31:4; pl. cstr. טַרְפֵּי Ez 17:9; —

1. prey of lion Am 3:4, Jb 4:11, 38:39, Ps 104:21; metaph. of Judah's conquests Gn 49:9, Israel like lion Nu 23:24 (both poems in JE); of Assyrians Is 5:29; of Nineveh and its king Na 2:13, 2:14, 3:1; Israel's princes (as young lion) Ez 19:3, 19:6; sim. of false prophet (like lion) 22:25; of princes of Judah v:27; sim. of י's descending to battle, like lion Is 31:4; cf. Ps 76:5 coming down from mountains of prey (the lion's lair), but rd. perh. עַד, cf. LXX Bi Che:crit. n.; fig. of spoil of wicked Jb 29:17, cf. Ps 124:6.

2. food, of outcasts, under fig. of wild ass פֶּרֶא Jb 24:5; of human food (late): for those who fear God Ps 111:5; for household Pr 31:15; in י׳'s house Mal 3:10.

3. leaf, (cf. Gn 8:11) טַרְפֵּי חִמְחָהּ Ez 17:9 metaph. of Judah.

טְרֵפָה n.f. animal torn (by wild beasts); torn flesh;—abs. ט׳ Gn 31:39 + 8 t.

1. animal torn (by wild beasts), of sheep and goats Gn 31:39 (E); ox, ass or sheep Ex 22:12 (JE; del. We:KlPr on Am 3:12, as gloss fr. Gn 31:39); indef. v:31 (JE; forbidden as food); commonly c. נְבֵלָה (i.e. what dies naturally) as forbidden food, Lv 7:24 (P), 17:15, 22:8 (both H), Ez 4:14, 44:31; torn flesh, in metaph. of Nineveh's king as lion Na 2:13 (‖טֶ֫רֶ ף).