פ

פ, פּ, ף Pê seventeenth letter; used as numeral 80 in postB. Hebrew.

פֹּא v. פֹּה.

† [פָּאָה] vb. perhaps (si vera l.) cleave in pieces (Arabic (فأى, فأو) فَاأَ cleave, split (head, bowl, etc.); Sab. פעי DHM^{ZMG xxx (1876), 701 f.});—

Hiph. Impf. 1 s. sf. אַפְאֵיהֶם Dt 32:26 I [י׳] will cleave them in pieces (poss. point אֶפ׳, i.e. Qal; on other views v. Dr; read perhaps אֲפִיצֵם 𝔊 Gr).

פֵּאָה₈₆ n.f. corner, side (part cut off, ‘Abschnitt,’ according to Schröter in Me^{Archiv. i. 461} Ba^{ZMG xii (1887), 615} Buhl^Lex, but perhaps bilit., Nö^{M. 485} Sta^{§ 185}, and not from √ פאה; cf. Arabic فِىَٔةٌ company, etc. (Nö^l.c.); Assyrian pâtu, side, edge, border, v. especially Meissn^{Suppl. 74}; NH = BH, Aramaic פָּאתָא, ܦܰܐܬܳܐ );—abs. פ׳ Je 9:25 + 4 times; cstr. פְּאַת Am 3:12 + 77 times; pl. abs. פֵּאֹת Ex 25:26; 37:23; du. cstr. פַּאֲתֵי Nu 24:17 (but read prob. פְּאַת as ‖ Je 48:45);—

†1. corner of divan Am 3:12; table Ex 25:26, 37:13; field Lv 19:9; 23:22 (H); land (prob.) וַתַּ לְקֵם לְפֵאָה Ne 9:22, i.e. into every corner; פ׳ רֹאשְׁכֶם Lv 19:27 (i.e. your temples), פ׳ זְקָנֶ֑ךָ v 27 cf. 21:5 (all H); קְצוּצֵי פֵאָה those clipped on the temples Je 9:25; 25:23; 49:32 (epith. of Arabic tribes, Herod. ^{iii, 8} WMM^{As. u. Eur. 140 f.} We^{Skizzen iii. 119; Heid. 2, 198}); temples of Moab (under fig. of man) Nu 24:17 (JE) Je 48:45.

2. side: a. usually of Ezekiel’s temple, the tabern., the holy city and the land, or its subdivisions (only Ez 41–48 [47 times] and P [26 times]): in plur. פְּאַת קָדִ֫ים(ה) East side Ez 47:18 + 17 times Ez, = פ׳ קֵדְמָה Ex 27:13 + 3 times P and Ez 45:7 (v. Co Toy); פ׳ צָפ֫וֹן(ה) North side Ez 47:15 Ex 26:20 + 9 times; פ׳ נֶגֶב (נֶ֫גְבָּה) South side Ez 47:19^(×2) Ex 27:9 + 8 times; פ׳ יָם (יָ֫מָּה) West side Ez 45:7 Ex 27:12 + 21 times + פ׳ דֶּרֶךְ־הַיָּם Ez 41:12 (also פ׳ קָדִים הַיָּם 48:1); abs. only לַפֵּאָה הָאֶחָת Ex 27:9. b. פְּאַת פָּנָיו Lv 13:41 side (border) of his face (forehead and temples; P).

פאם v. פימה.

† I. [פָּאַר] vb.

Pi. beautify, glorify;—Pf. 3 ms. sf. פֵּאֲרָ֥ךְ (obj. Isr.) Is 55:5; 60:9; c. acc. of temple; Impf. 1 s. אֲפָאֵר 60:7; so יְפָאֵר עֲנָוִים בִּישׁוּעָה ψ 149:4; Inf. cstr. פָּאֵר Is 60:13 Ezr 7:27.

Hithp. 1. glorify oneself, c. עַל pers.: = boast, Impf. 3 ms. יִתְפָּאֵר Ju 7:2 Is 10:15; as polite address to king, Imv. ms. הִתְפָּאֵר Ex 8:5 (J), assume the honour over me (to decide) when, etc. 2. get glory to oneself, be glorified, by means of (ב), of י׳, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל יִתְפָּאָ֑ר Is 44:23, so 1 s. אֶתְפָּאָ֑ר 49:3; of people [by י׳], Inf. cstr. הִתְפָּאֵר 60:21; 61:3.

† פְּאֵר n.m. ^{Ez 44:18} head-dress, turban (? orig. ornament);—abs. פ׳ of bridegroom Is 61:10, sign of joy v 3 (opp. mourning, and so) פְּאֵרְךָ Ez 24:17, pl. sf. פְּאֵרֵכֶם v 23 (worn by men of position); of priests פַּאֲרֵי פִשְׁתִּים Ez 44:18, פּ׳ הַמִּגְבָּעֹת שֵׁשׁ Ex 39:28 (P); pl. abs. פְּאֵרִים Is 3:20 (of luxurious women).

† תִּפְאָרָה n.f. beauty, glory;—תּ׳ Is 28:5 Je 48:17; elsewhere abs. and cstr. תִּפְאֶרֶת Is 3:18 + 20 times; תִּפְאָ֑רֶת Pr 28:12 + 6 times; sf. תִּפְאַרְתִּי Is 46:13 + 20 times sf.;—

1. beauty, finery Is 3:18; of garments 52:1; jewels Ez 16:17, 39; 23:26, cf. 2 Ch 3:6; flock Je 13:20; a man Is 44:13; city of Samaria 28:1, 4; diadem v 5.

2. glory: a. of rank: apparel of h. p. Ex 28:2, 40 (P); עֲטֶרֶת ת׳ crown of glory Pr 4:9; 16:31 Is 62:3 Je 13:18 Ez 16:12; 23:42; greatness of monarch Est 1:4; house of David and inhabitants of Jerus. Zc 12:7^(×2). b. of renown לְשֵׁם ולת׳ Dt 26:19 1 Ch 22:5 Je 13:11; 33:9. c. attribute of י׳ ψ 71:8 1 Ch 29:11; שֵׁם ת׳ Is 63:14 1 Ch 29:13; ת׳ עֹז ψ 89:18; זְרוֹעַ ת׳ Is 63:12; hence ת׳ in י׳’s sanctuary ψ 96:6, בֵּית תִּפְאַרְתִּי Is 60:7 cf. 63:15 (of heavenly temple), 64:10; ת׳ as י׳’s gift to Isr. 46:13 cf. 60:19 (also ψ 89:18 supr.); of future fruit of land 4:2; design. of ark of י׳ ψ 78:61.

3. a. honour of nation Isr. La 2:1. b. glorying, boasting, of individ., Is 20:5 Pr 17:6; 19:11; 20:29; 28:12; warrior Ju 4:9; monarchs Is 10:12; nations Is 13:19 Ez 24:25, מַקֵּל ת׳ rod (sceptre) of glorying Je 48:17 (others 1).

II. פאר (doubtful √).

† [פֹּארָה] n.f. bough;—pl., all in fig.: of vine, abs. פֹּארֹת Ez 17:6 (Baer פֹּרֹאות); of cedar, sf. פֹּארֹתוֹ 31:5 (Kt; יו—ָ Qr); פֹּארֹתָיו v 6, פֹּרֹאתָיו v 8, 12, 13.

† פארה Kt, פּוּרָה Qr n.f.coll. boughs Is 10:33 (van d. H. Baer פֻּארָה).

† [פֵּאֵר] vb. denom.

Pi. go over the boughs;—Impf. 2 ms. תְּפָאֵר Dt 24:20 thou shalt not go over the boughs after thee (i.e. glean).

† פָּארוּר n.[m.] meaning dub.; only קִבְּצוּ פ׳ Na 2:11 Jo 2:6; Thes, all faces gather a glow (glow with dread, from assumed √ פאר), so We Now; AE Hi al. gather in (their) beauty (√ I. פאר; grow pale); Vrss AV gather blackness (from פָּרוּר a pot!), v. Dr; all very uncertain.

† פָּארָן n.pr.loc. Paran, Φαραν (cf. n.pr. פארן Sin. Inscr.);—usually מִדְבַּר פ׳ home of Ishmael Gn 21:21 (E), traversed by Isr. in Exodus Nu 12:16 (E), 10:12; 13:2, 26 (all P); it lay NE. from (the traditional) Sinai, with Gulf of Akaba and the ʿArabah as its E. border (s. איל פארן); here was הַר פ׳ Dt 33:2 Hb 3:3,—perhaps coast-range of mts. along W. shore of Gulf of Akaba; פ׳ alone 1 K 11:18^(×2) (betw. Midian and Egypt); Dt 1:1 (loc. dub.).—1 S 25:1 v. ii. מָעוֹן sub עון.—Vid. Rob^{BR i, 177 f.} Palmer^{Desert of Exodus, 284 ff.}, Di Dr Dt.

פגג (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; NH פַּגָּה unripe fig, pl. פַּגִּין; so Syriac ܦܰܓܳܐ in Lexx; Arabic فِجٌّ unripe fruit; 𝔗 פַּגָּא unripe grape; cf. Post in Hastings^{DB ‘Fig’} Tristr^{NHB 352} Löw^{p. 391}).

† [פַּגָּה] n.f. (cf. NH) early fig;—pl. sf. פַּגֶּיהָ Ct 2:13.

פגל (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; Arabic فَجَلَ (فَجُلَ, فَجِلَ) is be thick and soft, flaccid; NH פִּגּוּל = BH, cf. Levy^{NHWB s. v.}).

† פִּגּוּל n.m. ^{Lv 7:18} foul thing, refuse, but only as term. techn. of unclean sacrificial flesh;—it is פ׳ if eaten on third day Lv 7:18 (P), 19:7 (H); cf. בְּשַׂר פ׳ Ez 4:14 (undefined); pl. מְרַק פִּגֻּלִים Is 65:4 broth of refuse things (Kt פרק), RS^{Sem i. 325, 2nd ed. 343} thinks of flesh with the blood; Du^{ad loc.} of mice and other unclean animals.

† פָּגַע vb. meet, encounter, reach (NH id.; Aramaic פְּגַע, ܦܓܰܥ; poss. akin to Arabic فَجَأَ, فَجِىَٔ happen to, light upon; فَجَعَ is pain, afflict);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 1 K 2:32 +, sf. וּפְגָעוֹ consec. Am 5:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְגַּע Gn 28:11 +; 1 pl. נְפְגַּע Jb 21:15, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּגַע Ju 8:21 +; mpl. פִּגְעוּ Gn 23:8; Inf. cstr. לִפִגֹּעַ 1 S 22:17, sf. פִּגְעוֹ Nu 35:19, 21;— 1. meet, light upon, c. acc. pers. 1 S 10:5 Ex 5:20 (J), c. sf. pers. Am 5:19; פ׳ שׁוֹר Ex 23:4; c. ב pers. Gn 32:2 (E), Nu 35:19, 21 (P); c. ב loc. Gn 28:11 (E). 2. meet, with kindness, c. acc. pers. Is 64:4 (subj. י׳), so 47:3 according to Ew De Di al.; Che^Hpt. אֶפְרַע (reading, with Du, אמר for אָדָם). 3. encounter with hostility, fall upon c. ב pers. Jos 2:16 (JE), Ju 8:21; 15:12; 18:25 1 S 22:17, 18^(×2) 2 S 1:15 1 K 2:25, 29, 31, 32, 34, 46 Ru 2:22; of God, c. acc. (sf.), + ב instr. Ex 5:3. 4. encounter with request, entreat, c. ב pers. Je 7:16 Jb 21:15, sq. cl. Je 27:18 Ru 1:16, + ל pers. on whose behalf Gn 23:8. 5. strike, touch, of boundary, c. ב loc. Jos 16:7; 19:11, 22, 26, 27, 34^(×2), cf. 17:10; c. אֶל loc. 19:11.

Hiph. 1. cause to light upon, Pf. 3 ms. הִפְגִּיעַ c. acc. rei + ב pers. Is 53:6. 2. cause one (acc.) to entreat 1 s. הִפְגַּעְתִּי (ב pers.) Je 15:11 (otherwise Gie; Co del. v. as gloss). 3. make entreaty, 3 pl. הִפְגִּעוּ Je 36:25 c. ב pers.; more gen. interpose, Impf. 3 ms. יַפְגִּיעַ Is 53:12, c. ל pers. in whose behalf; Pt. מַפְגִּיעַ 59:16 one interposing. 4. make attack, only Pt. Jb 36:32 assailant, but Ol Bu Du al. מִפְגָּע mark.

† פֶּ֫גַע n.m. occurrence, chance;—abs. פ׳ 1 K 5:18 evil occurrence; Ec 9:11 time and chance.

† מִפְגָּע n.[m.] thing hit, mark;—לָ֫מָה שַׂמְתַּנִי לְמ׳ לָ֑ךְ Jb 7:20 (cf. also פָּגַע Hiph. 1).

† פַּגְעִיאֵל n.m. Asherite, Φαγαιηλ, -εηλ;—Nu 1:13; 2:27; 7:72, 77; 10:26.

† [פָּגַר] vb.

Pi. be exhausted, faint (𝔗 פְּגַר der. spec. tear down, destroy; Assyrian pagru, body, corpse; NH פֶּגֶר = BH; Aramaic פַּגְרָא, ܦܰܓܪܳܐ; Palm. פגר; Mand. פאגרא Nö^{M § 89});—Pf. 3 pl. פִּגְּרוּ מִן they were too faint to go, etc. 1 S 30:10, 21.

† פֶּ֫גֶר n.m. ^{Is 14:19} corpse, carcass;—abs. פ׳ Is 14:19 +, פָּ֑גֶר Na 3:3; cstr. פֶּגֶר 1 S 17:46; pl. פְּגָרִים 2 K 19:35 +; cstr. פִּגְרֵי Je 33:5; sf. פִּגְרֵיכֶם Lv 26:30 +, etc.;—

1. of men, sg. Is 14:19; usually pl. 34:3; 66:24 Je 31:40; 33:5; 41:9 Ez 6:5; 43:7, 9 Lv 26:30 Nu 14:29, 32, 33 2 Ch 20:24,—v 25 read prob. בְגָדִים, so 𝔊 (?), 𝔙 Be Krochm Kau Kit;—פְּגָרִים מֵתִים 2 K 19:35 = Is 37:36; sg. coll. 1 S 17:46, רַב־הַפֶּגֶר Am 8:3, כֹּבֶד־פ׳ Na 3:3; fig. of idols פִּגְרֵי גִּלּוּלֵיכֶם Lv 26:30.

2. of animals Gn 15:11.

† [פָּגַשׁ] vb. meet, encounter (syn. פָּגַע);—

Qal Pf. 1 s. פָּגָ֑שְׁתִּי Gn 33:8; 3 pl. consec. וּפָֽגְשׁוּ Is 34:14; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִפְֿגָֽשְׁךָ֫ Gn 32:18 (Gi; Baer יִפְגָֽשְׁךָ֫; van d. H. יִֽפְגָּֽשְׁךָ֫), וַיִּפְגְּשֵׁהוּ Ex 4:24, 27; 3 fs. וַתִּפְגֹשׁ 1 S 25:20 (read prob. וַתִּפְגֹּשׁ Ges^{§ 47 k}, cf. van d. H.), etc.; Inf. abs. פָּגוֹש Pr 17:12; cstr. פְּגשׁ Je 41:6;—meet, c. acc. Gn 33:8 1 S 25:20 Is 34:14 Je 41:6, so c. sf. Gn 32:18 Ex 4:24, 27 2 S 2:13; meet, encounter, of bear, c. ב pers. Pr 17:12, of י׳ (like a bear) Ho 13:8 (c. sf. pers.).

Niph. meet together, each other, Pf. 3 pl. נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ Pr 22:2; 29:13, fig. of חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת ψ 85:11.

Pi. intens. Impf. 3 mpl. יְפַגְּשׁוּ חֹשֶׁךְ Jb 5:14 they keep encountering darkness in the daytime.

† פָּדָה vb. ransom (NH in deriv.; Ph. in n.pr.; Assyrian padû, id., Arabic فَدَى; Ethiopic ፈደየ; Min. פדית redeemed or purchased land Mordt^{Beitr. 23});—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. פָּדָה Lv 27:27 +; sf. פָּֽדְךָ Jb 5:20; 2 ms. פָּדִיתָ Dt 9:26 +, etc.; Impf. יִפְדֶּה ψ 49:8 +, etc.; Imv. פְּדֵה ψ 25:22; sf. פְּדֵנִי ψ 26:11 + 3 times; Inf. abs. פָּדֹה Nu 18:15 ψ 49:8; cstr. לִפְדּוֹת 2 S 7:23 = 1 Ch 17:2; Pt. act. פּוֹדֶה ψ 34:23; sf. פֹּדְךָ Dt 13:6; pass. pl. cstr. פְּדוּיֵי Is 35:10; 51:11 Nu 3:49; also abs. פְּדוּיִם Nu 3:51 (Qr; Kt פדים), cstr. פְּדוּיֵי v 46; sf. פְּדוּיָו Nu 18:16 (all n. abstr. according to Di Kö^{ii. 1, 138}, v. פְּדוּיִם, פִּדְיֹם infr.);—ransom: 1. for an assessed price Ex 13:13, 15; 34:20 (J), Lv 27:27 Nu 3:46, 48, 49, 51; 18:15, 16, 17 (P). 2. from violence and death 1 S 14:45 Jb 6:23 ψ 49:8. 3. God subj. (underlying thought of payment): a. from Egypt, c. מִן, מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים Dt 7:8; 13:6 Mi 6:4; מִנִּי־צָר ψ 78:42; ממצרים 2 S 7:23 (but del. פָּדִיתָ Gei^{Urschr. 288} We Dr al.) = 1 Ch 17:21; מִשָּׁם Dt 24:18; abs. Dt 9:26; 15:15; 21:8 Ne 1:10. b. from exile, Je 31:11 Zc 10:8; פְּדוּיֵי י׳ יְשֻׁבוּן Is 35:10 = 51:11. c. in gen. Ho 7:13; מִכֹּל צָרוֹתָיו ψ 25:22; מִכֹּל עֲוֹנוֹתָיו ψ 130:8. d. c. acc. individ. ψ 26:11; 31:6; 44:27; 69:19; Abraham Is 29:22; פ׳ נפשׁ ψ 34:23; 71:23; + מכל צרה 2 S 4:9 1 K 1:29; מֵעֲבֹר בַּשָּׁ֑חַת Jb 33:28; מִקְּרָב־לִי ψ 55:19; מִמָּוֶת Jb 5:20; מיד שׁאול ψ 49:16 Ho 13:14; מֵעשֶׁק אָדָם ψ 119:134; מִכַּף עָרִיצִים Je 15:21.

Niph. Pf. 3 fs. (+ Hoph. Inf. abs.) הָפְדֵּה לֹא נִפְדָּ֑תָה Lv 19:20 she hath not been at all ransomed (from bondage); Impf. יִפָּדֶה Lv 27:29 (from ban); 3 fs. צִיּוֹן בְּמִשְׁפָּט תִּפָּדֶ֑ה Is 1:27.

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. וְהֶפְדָּהּ Ex 21:8 he shall let her be ransomed. Hiph. Inf. abs. v. Niph.

† פְּדוּיִם n.[m.]pl.abstr. ransom;—so read perhaps Nu 3:49 for MT פִּדְיוֹם, Sam. פדוים; cstr. פְדוּיֵי v 48; for other poss. cases v. Qal Pt. pass.

† פָּדוֹן n.pr.m. (ransom; cf. Ph. פדי) head of family of Nethinim Ezr 2:44 Ne 7:47; Φαδων.

† פְּדוּת n.f. ransom; פ׳ ψ 111:9 + 2 times; פְּדֻת Ex 8:19;—from exile Is 50:2; from iniquities ψ 130:7; in gen. ψ 111:9, שַׂמְתִּי פְדֻת בֵּין עַמִּי וּבֵין עְמֶּ֑ךָ Ex 8:19 I will set a ransom (distinguishing) between my people and thy people 𝔗, but improb. and text dub.; 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 set a distinction (reading what?).

† פִּדְיוֹם n.m. ransom;—Nu 3:49, read prob. פְּדוּיִם (so Sam.); פִּדְיֹם v 51 Kt (Qr פְּדוּיִם);—v. פדה Qal Pt. pass., and פְּדוּיִם supr.

† פִּדְיוֹן n.m. id.;—פּ׳ נֶפֶשׁ Ex 21:30 (E); ψ 49:9.

† פְּדַהְאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl hath ransomed; cf. Ph. בעלפדה; Assyrian Pudu-ilu, Pudi-ilu COT^Gloss.);—prince of Naphtali Nu 34:28; Φαδαηλ.

† פְּדָהצוּר n.pr.m. (the Rock hath ransomed) Manassite, Nu 1:10; 2:20; 7:54, 59; 10:23 Φαδασσουρ.

† פְּדָיָהוּ, פְּדָיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath ransomed; in late Bab. Padâma, Hilpr^{Univ. Pa. Exp. ix. 27, 68});—פְּדָיָה:

1. father-in-law of Josiah 2 K 23:36, but 𝔊 Εδειλ (𝔊L Ιερεμιας, from v 31).

2. father of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:18, 19.

3. a. Ne 3:25. b. 8:4.

4. Benjamite Ne 11:7.

5. Levite Ne 13:13.

6. פְּדָיָהוּ, Manassite 1 Ch 27:20—𝔊 (except 1) Φα(λ)δαιας, etc.

† יִפְדְּיָה n.pr.m. 1 Ch 8:25.

פַּדָּן₁₁ n.pr.loc. (?garden, field; cf. 𝔗 פַּדְּנָא yoke, span of oxen; Syriac ܦܰܕܳܢܳܐ yoke, whence, as loan-wd. Arabic فَدَّانٌ Frä ¹²⁹; Assyrian padanu, = road, and also garden, etc. (in word-lists, v. KAT^{2, 612}); also Nö^Aramaic in Ency. Bib.);—פ׳ Gn 48:7, abbrev. from פַּדַּן־אֲרָם (? = garden, field of [in] Aramaic conj. by many that שְׂדֵה אֲרָם Ho 12:13 is Heb. transl., cf. Di Gn 25:20) 25:20 + 5 times; פַּדֶּ֫נָה א׳ 28:2f. (v. אֲרָם b; all P); 𝔊 Μεσοποταμία (Συρίας); perhaps Paddânâ, near Haran (and Tel Faddān of Arabic geogr.), v. Nö^l.c..

† [פָּדַע] vb. dub., only Imv. ms. sf. פְּדָעֵהוּ Jb 33:24 a meaning like deliver him needed, Codd. Bu Du פְּרָעֵהוּ; < read פְּדֵהוּ (פדה) Ew Di SS.

† [פֶּ֫דֶר] n.[m.] suet, of עֹלָה (so Vrss NH: √ unknown);—abs. פָּ֑דֶר Lv 1:8; 8:20; sf. פִּדְרוֹ 1:12.

פֶּה₄₈₅ n.m. Jos 9:2 mouth (prob. bilit. [פו, פי] Sta^{§ 183}; NH = BH; Ph. לפי according to; Assyrian pû, mouth; Arabic فُوهٌ, فَاهٌ, فِيهٌ; Ethiopic አፍ; Syriac ܠܦܽܘܬ according to; but also Arabic فَمّ, فُمّ, فِمّ, Biblical Aramaic פֻּם, 𝔗 פּוּמָא; Syriac ܦܽܘܡܳܐ; Mand. פומא Nö^{M § 87});—abs. פ׳ Ex 4:10 +, cstr. פִּי Is 1:20 +; sf. 1 s. פִּי Gn 45:12 +, 2 ms. פִּיךָ 41:40 +, 3 ms. פִּיו 25:28 +, פִּיהוּ Ex 4:15 +, 3 mpl. פִּיהֶם Ju 7:6 +, פִּימוֹ ψ 17:10 + 2 times, etc.; pl. פִּיּוֹת Pr 5:4, פֵיוֹת (שְׁנֵי) Ju 3:16, פִּיפִיּוֹת Is 41:15 ψ 149:6; פִּים 1 S 13:21 (corrupt, v. Dr al.);—

1. a. mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking Gn 25:28 Ju 7:6 1 S 14:26, 27 Ne 9:20 Pr 19:24 = 26:15 +; fig. as finding things sweet Jb 20:12 ψ 119:103; fig. of earth Gn 4:11, swallowing Korah, etc. Nu 16:30, 32; 26:10 Dt 11:6; fig. also of She’ôl, וּפָֽעֲרָה פִיהָ Is 5:14, cf. ψ 69:16. b. external organ, וַיָּשֶׂם פִּיו עַל־פִּיו 2 K 4:34 Pr 30:20; of kissing 1 K 19:18 Ct 1:2; וַתִּשַּׁק יָדִי לְפִי Jb 31:27; cf. phr. שִׂים יָד עַל־פֶּה (of keeping silence) Ju 18:19 Mi 7:16 Jb 21:5, cf. 29:9; 40:4 Pr 30:32; of mocking triumph פָּעַר עָלַי בְּפ׳ Jb 16:10; הִרְחִיב פ׳ עַל ψ 35:21 Is 57:4, also רָחַב פִּי עַל 1 S 2:1. c. of י׳ in theoph., sending out fire 2 S 22:9 = ψ 18:9.

2. a. much oftener, as organ of speech, of man: פ׳ speaks Gn 45:12 2 S 1:16 Is 9:16 Jb 9:20; 15:5, 6 ψ 37:30 +; speak בְּמוֹ־פִי Jb 19:16; open פ׳, אֶל־י׳ Ju 11:35, 36, abs. Jb 3:1; 33:2 +; shut פ׳ (be silent) Is 52:15, cf. חָשַׂךְ פ׳ Jb 7:11, and (of iniquity, personif.) קָפַץ פ׳ Jb 5:16 ψ 107:42; guard פ׳, Pr 13:3 (נָצַר), 21:23 (שָׁמַר), cf. שָׁמַר פִּתְחֵי פ׳ Mi 7:5, also ψ 39:2 (v. שׁמר); words, etc., are in (ב) mouth 2 S 17:5; 18:25 Dt 30:14 1 K 17:24; שִׂים דְּבָרִים בְּפ׳ 2 S 14:3, 19 Ex 4:15, also (God subj.) Nu 22:38; 23:12, 16 +; of utterance יָצָא מִפּ׳ Ju 11:36 Nu 30:3; 32:24 Jos 6:10 +; depart from mouth (cease to be mentioned) מוּשׁ מִפּ׳ Jos 1:8 Is 59:21, cf. נִכְרַת מִפּ׳ Je 7:28, לֹא יִשָּׁמַע עַל־פִּיךָ Ex 23:13; אִמְרֵי פ׳ Dt 32:1 words of my mouth, so Jb 8:2 ψ 19:15; 54:4; דִּבְרֵי פ׳ ψ 36:4 Ec 10:12, 13a; of agency, בְּפּ׳ by the mouth of 2 Ch 36:21, 22 = מִפּ׳ Ezr 1:1; דִּבֶּר פִּיו עִם־פִּיו Je 32:4 speak mouth to mouth (cf. 34:3 Nu 12:8); פ׳ = speech Is 29:13 ψ 49:14 Ec 10:13b; כְּבַד פ׳ Ex 4:10 heavy of speech (not eloquent); אֶהְיֶה עִם־פ׳ v 12, 15, i.e. aid thee in speaking; יִהְיֶה־לְּךָ לְפ׳ v 16 he shall be mouth for thee; מִפִּיו יִקְרָא אֵלַי Je 36:18, i.e. dictate; כָּתַב מִפּ׳ v. כָּתַב 1 b (3); bad qualities ascribed to it, עִקְּשׁוּת פ׳ Pr 4:24; 6:12; פִּי תַהְפֻּכוֹת 8:13; פֶּה חָלָק 26:28; אַל־תַּגְדֵּל פ׳ Ob 12, cf. Mi 6:12 Ez 35:13. b. as laughing Jb 8:21 ψ 126:2; panting 119:131. c. of God; his mouth speaks Is 1:20; 40:5 Je 9:11 +; he speaks בְּפ׳ 1 K 8:15, 34; wd. proceeds מִפּ׳ Dt 8:3 Is 45:23 +; פֶּה אֶל־פֶּה אֲדַבֵּר בּוֹ Nu 12:8; he creates בְּרוּחַ פִּיו ψ 33:6; he executes judgment בְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו Is 11:4; especially = command: עָבַר אֶת־פִּי י׳ 1 S 15:24 Nu 14:41; 22:18; 24:13 Pr 8:29; פ׳ (אֶת־) מָרָה 1 S 12:14, 15 Nu 20:24 1 K 13:21 +; cf. 6 d. d. of idols, ψ 115:5; 136:16, 17. e. of musical instr. = sound Am 6:5 (cf. 6 d).

3. of animals: bird Gn 8:11 (carrying), Is 10:14 (chirping); ass Nu 22:28 (speaking); bear, lion 1 S 17:35 (seizing), Am 3:12 (id.), hippop. Jb 40:23 (drinking), crocod. 41:11, 13 (breathing flame); also of human foes, under fig. of ravenous beasts ψ 22:22 Ez 21:27; 34:10; פָּצָה פ׳ עַל ψ 22:14 La 2:16; 3:46; hence of edge of sword, חֶרֶב פִּיּוֹת Pr 5:4 a sword with edges (in sim.), = ח׳ פִּיפִיּוֹת ψ 149:6; cf. Ju 3:16; v. also 6 c (2), infr.; בַּעַל פִּיפִיּוֹת Is 41:15, of מוֹרַג.

4. mouth = opening, orifice; of well Gn 29:2, 3^(×2), 8, 10; cave Jos 10:18, 22, 27; ravine, abyss Je 48:28 (si vera l., cf. Gie); also of Sh^e’ôl ψ 141:7; of a sack Gn 42:27; 43:12, 21; 44:1, 2, 8; ephah Zc 5:8; high-priest’s robe Ex 28:32 + 5 times, cf. prob. ψ 133:2; tunic Jb 30:18; of a round opening also 1 K 7:31^(×3) (on text and meaning v. Benz Kit); of mouth of Nile Is 19:7 (others brink); gate of city Pr 8:3 (but read perhaps לִפְנֵי, v. Toy).

5. a. extremity, end פֶּה לָפֶה from end to end, of a temple 2 K 10:21; city 21:16, מִפֶּה אֶל־פֶּה of land Ezr 9:11. b. = portion, פִּי שְׁנַיִם †Dt 21:17 2 K 2:9 Zc 13:8.

6. with preps.:— a. אֶל פִּי, v. infr. d(2). b. כְּפִי: (a) according to the command of, 1 Ch 12:23; (b) according to the mouth of, i.e. in proportion to (cf. Assyrian ki-i pi-i, Dl^HWB325), †Ex 16:21 they gathered it אִישׁ כְּפִי אָכְלוֹ each in proportion to his eating (v 16, 18 לְפִי), Lv 25:52 כְּפִי שָׁנָיו according to the number of his years (cf. v 16 לְפִי); Nu 6:21; 7:5 אִישׁ כְּפִי עֲבֹדָתוֹ (so 2 Ch 31:2), 7:7, 8; 35:8 (all P); Jb 33:6 הֵן־אֲנִי כְפִיךָ לָאֵל I am in the proportion of thee as regards God, i.e. I stand towards God even as thou dost. As conj., כְּפִי אֲשֶׁר, †Ml 2:9 כְּפִי אֲשֶׁר אֵינְכֶם שֹׁמְרִים אֶת־דְּרָכַי acc. as ye do not keep, etc.; and without אשׁר Zc 2:4 כְּפִי אִישׁ־לֹא נָשָׂא רֹאשׁוֹ in such proportion that none did lift up his head (but We Now אֲשֶׁר for אִישׁ, that it, Judah, did not, etc.). c. לְפִי, nearly i.q. כְּפִי (v. לְ 5 i b), but more common (cf. Aramaic לְפוּם, ܠܦܽܘܬ ): (1) †Gn 47:12 לְפִי הַטָּ֑ף, Ex 12:4 ye shall compute אִישׁ לְפִי אָכְלוֹ each according to his eating (according to the quantity which his family will consume), 16:16, 18 Lv 25:16 לְפִי רֹב הַשָּׁנִים, v 16, 51; 27:16 לְפִי זַרְעוֹ, Nu 26:54 Jos 18:4 1 K 17:1 לְפִי דְבָרִי כִּי אִם־, Ho 10:12 קִצְרוּ לְפִי חֶסֶד (‖ לִצְדָקָה), Pr 12:8; 27:21: sq. inf. Nu 9:17 לְפִי הֵעָלוֹת הֶעָנָן = acc. as the cloud was lifted up, Je 29:10. (2) in the phr. לְפִי חֶרֶב according to the mouth, or measure, of the sword, i.e. as the sword devours, without quarter, Gn 34:26 Ex 17:13 Nu 21:24 + often d. עַל פִּי: (1) according to (עַל) 1 f a) the mouth of, i.e. (α) the command of, Gn 41:40; 45:21 Ex 17:1; 38:21 Nu 3:16, 39 + (especially P), 2 K 23:35; (β) the evidence or sentence of, Dt 17:6 עַל־פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, 19:15; 21:5 (on עַל־פִּי הַנָּ֑כֶל Am 6:5, v. 2 e supr.). (2) according to the measure of, in accordance with, †Gn 43:7 we told him על פי הדברים האלה according to these words (i.e. the questions Joseph asked), Ex 34:27 in accordance with these words, Lv 27:8 על־פי אשׁר תַּשִּׂיג יַד הנֹּדֵר according to what the hand of the vower can reach to, v 18 (cf. לְפִי 25:16, 51), Dt 17:10, 11 2 S 13:32 (but v. שׂוּמָה), Pr 22:6 חֲנֹךְ לַנַּעַר על פי דרכו. In the same sense אֶל פִּ׳, †Jos 15:13; 17:4; 21:3.

פֹּה₅₈ and (Ez 40–41, 23 out of 35 times) פּוֹ, also †Jb 38:11b פֹּא, adv.loc. here, hither (prob. from the same demonst. √ found in ف so, then (often in apod.), אַף, אֵפוֹא: cf. Kö^{ii. 1, 247 f., 243, 331 f.}):—

1. here: a. Gn 19:12 עֹד מִי־לְךָ פֹה whom hast thou still here? 22:5 שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פֹּה, 40:15; Nu 22:8; 32:16 Dt 5:28; 12:8 Ju 4:20 הֲיֵשׁ פֹּה אִישׁ, 2 K 3:11, etc.; asked in some surprise, Ju 18:3 מַה־לְּךָ פֹה = what is thy business here? simil. †1 K 19:9, 13; Is 22:16; 52:5 וְעַתָּה מַה־לִּי־פֹה. Cf. the syn. בָּזֶה, כֹּה 2. b. עַד־פֹּה †Jb 38:11a. c. מִפֹּה or מִפּוֹ, only Ez 40–41, and always (except 40:12a, where it must be supplied with 𝔊 𝔖) repeated, on this side … on that side (cf. מִזֶּה … מִזֶּה), Ez 40:10^(×2), 12b, b, 21^(×2), etc. d. with the interrog. אֵי, אֵיפֹה where? v. p. 33.

†2. after a verb of motion, hither, 1 S 16:11 עַד־בֹּאוֹ פֹה, Ezr 4:2.

† פּוּאָה, פֻּוָּה n.pr.m. in Issachar, Φουα, etc.;—פּוּאָה Ju 10:1 (v. GFM), 1 Ch 7:1; פֻּוָּה Gn 46:13; Nu 26:3.

† פּוּנִי adj.gent. of פֻּוָּה, c. art. Nu 26:23; read פֻּוָּנִי? or (Φουαει) פֻּוִּי?—𝔊L Φουλαϊ.

† [פּוּג] vb. grow numb (Arabic فَاجَ grow cool; Syriac ܦܳܓ be cold (Mt 24:12), 𝔗 פּוּג cease, be helpless; NH id., fail, vanish);*—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּפָג לִבּוֹ Gn 45:26; 3 fs. תָּפוּג ψ 77:3 of hand (si vera l., v. נגר), i.e. drop helpless; Hb 1:4 of תּוֹרָה, i.e. be ineffective.

Niph. Pf. 1 s. נְפוּגֹתִי וְנִדְכֵּיתִי ψ 38:9 I am benumbed and crushed (fig.); read prob. also אֶפּוֹגָה ψ 88:16 (for MT ἅπ. λεγ. אָפוּנָה), Ol Hup Dy Gr Che אָפוּגָה.

† פּוּגַת (Ges^{§ 80 f}) n.f. benumbing (fig.), cessation;—אַל־תִּתְּנִי פ׳ לָךְ La 2:18 grant thyself no benumbing (read prob. פּוּגֹת).

† [הֲפוּגָה] n.f. id.;—pl. מֵאֵין הֲפֻגוֹת La 3:49 (of weeping; form very strange, read prob. פֻּגוֹת),

† [פּוּחַ] vb. breathe, blow (NH פּוּחַ blow out; Arabic (فوخ), فَاخَ = Heb., so Aramaic פּוּחַ, ܦܳܚ );—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָפוּחַ הַיּוֹם Ct 2:17; 4:6 until the day breathes, i.e. grows cool.

Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יָפִיחַ ψ 10:5 +; יָפִחַ Pr 14:25; וְיָפֵחַ Hb 2:3, etc.; Imv. fs. הָפִיחִי Ct 4:16;— 1. cause garden (acc.) to exhale (sc. odours) Ct 4:16. 2. a. puff, snort, against, ב pers., ψ 10:5. b. עַל pers., Ez 21:36 with the fire of my wrath will I blow against thee. c. excite, inflame city Pr 29:8. d. c. לוֹ ψ 12:6 puff, = pant for it (so most; Thes Hi al. against whom men puff; Bae אֹפִיעַ לוֹ I will shine forth to him); לַקֵּץ Hb 2:3 the vision panteth (hasteth) towards the end (so most). 3. breathe out, utter, כְּזָבִים Pr 6:19; 14:5, 25; 19:5, 9, אֱמוּנָה 12:17.

† פִּיחַ n.[m.] soot, 𝔊 αἰθάλη (? wafted about);—cstr. פ׳ (הַ)כִּבְשָׁן Ex 9:8, 10 (P) furnace-soot.

† פּוּט n.pr.gent. prob. Libyans, or Lib. tribe; usually named with African peoples: Na 3:9; Je 46:9; Ez 27:10; 30:5; 38:5 (𝔊 usually Λίβυες); Gn 10:6 (P) = 1 Ch 1:8 (Φουδ); + Is 66:19 (for MT פּוּל; 𝔊 Φουδ),—vid. Di Gn 10:6 Jen^{ZA x. 325 ff.}.

† פּוּטִיאֵל n.pr.m. Eleazar’s father-in-law Ex 6:25, Φουτιηλ.

† פּוֹטִיפַר n.pr.m. Joseph’s master (abbrev. from foll.);—Gn 37:36 (E), 39:1 (R^J), Πετεφρης, etc.

† פּוֹטִי פֶ֫רַע n.pr.m. priest of On, Joseph’s father-in-law (Egyptian Pʾ-diʾ-pʾ-Rʿ, i.e. he whom the Ra gave, v. Sethe^{De aleph prosthetico in ling. aeg. (1892), 31}; Dr in Hastings^DB);—Gn 41:45, 50 (E), 46:20 (P), Πετεφρης, A Πετρεφης.

† פּוּךְ n.[m.] antimony, stibium (NH = BH; cf. poss. Arabic فَكَّ open, separate; Syriac ܦܰܟ pulverize; but פּוּךְ perhaps foreign word);—black mineral powder, for increasing brilliance of eyes by darkening edges of lids; וַתָּשֶׂם בַּפּ׳ עֵינֶיהָ 2 K 9:30, תִּקְרְעִי וגו׳ Je 4:30; (on practice in Arabic v. We^{GGN, 1893, 443}; in Egypt, Lane^{Mod. Egypt. ed. 5, i. 45f.}); fig. Is 54:11 of dark cement setting off precious stones (but We^{DLZ, Aug. 2, 1890} Che^Hpt. al. read נֹפֶךְ q.v.); אַבְנֵי פ׳ 1 Ch 29:2 are perhaps stones of brilliant hue of antimony.—Cf. n.pr. קֶרֶן הַפּוּךְ, and כָּחַל.

† פּוֹל n.[m.]coll. beans (NH = BH; Arabic فُولٌ; Ethiopic ፋል 𝔗 פּוֹלָא);—2 S 17:28; Ez 4:9, 𝔊 κύαμος.

† פּוּל n.pr.m. = תִּגְלַת פְּלֶאסֶר (q.v.) (Assyrian Pulu; Babylonian name of TP, Schr^{SBAk 1887, 592; KB ii, 287, cf. 277} Tiele^{Gesch. 266f.}; cf. (through Pers. trad., EMey^{Entstehung, 30}) Πῶρος, Canon of Ptol. KAT^{2, 490}); 2 K 15:19^(×2); 1 Ch 5:26, Φουα[λ].—Is 66:19, v. פוט.

† [פּוּן] vb. (?); only אָפוּנָה ψ 88:16; read prob. אֶפּוֹגָה, v. פוג, אָפוּגָה.

פּוֹנֶה 2 Ch 25:23 v. פִּנָּה. פּוּנִי v. פּוּאָה.

† פּוּנֹן n.pr.loc. 2nd station of Isr. from Hor Nu 33:42, 43, Φ(ε)ινω; betw. Petra and Zoar, famous for mines, Gk. Φινων, Φαινων Euseb^{Onom. ed. Lag. 299, 85}, v. also Ritter^{Erdkunde, Asien. xiv. 125 ff.} Seetzen^{Reise iii, 17}; perhaps = Edom. n.pr.m. פִּינֹן q.v.

† פּוּעָה n.pr.f. a midwife Ex 1:15, Φουα.

† I. [פּוּץ] vb. be dispersed, scattered (NH = BH; perhaps akin to Arabic فَضَّ break asunder, scatter);—

Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יָפוּצוּ ψ 68:2, יָפֻצוּ Ez 48:16 +; 3 fpl. וַתְּפוּצֶינָה Ez 34:5 +, וּתְפוּצֶינָה Zc 13:7, etc.; Imv. mpl. פֻּצוּ 1 S 14:34; Pt. pass. pl. sf. פּוּצַי Zp 3:10 (v. infr.);—be dispersed, disperse, בָּעָם 1 S 14:34; be scattered, of enemies 1 S 11:11; Nu 10:35 ψ 68:2; of Isr. (among nations) under fig. of flock Ez 34:5^(×2); Zc 13:7; בַּת־פּוּצַי Zp 3:10 is prob. crpt., and v 9, 10 gloss v. Schwally^{ZAW x (1890), 203} Now Da; of besieging army 2 S 20:22 (מֵעַל הָעִיר); people from (מִן) possessions Ez 46:18; men (from Babel) Gn 11:4 (עַל loc.).

Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נָפ֫וֹצָה Je 10:21, 3 pl. נָ֫פֹצוּ Gn 10:18 +, 2 mpl. נְפֹצֹתֶם Ez 11:17 +, etc.; Pt. f. נָפ֫וֹצֶת 2 S 18:8 Qr (> Kt נפצות) cf. Dr al.; pl. נְפֹצִים 1 K 22:17, נְפוֹצִים 2 Ch 18:16;— 1. be scattered, of army 2 K 25:5 (מֵעַל pers.) = Je 52:8, 1 K 22:17 (אֶל loc.) = 2 Ch 18:16 (עַל), cf. Je 40:15 (abs.); of dispersed Isr. c. ב loc. Ez 11:17; 20:34, 41; 28:25, as flock Je 10:21; Ez 34:6 (עַל loc.), v 12 (שָׁם); Egyptians 29:13 (שָׁמָּה); of battle scattered over country by defeat 2 S 18:8. 2. be spread abroad, of peoples Gn 10:18.

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהֵפִיץ Dt 4:27 +, 1 s. consec. וַהֲפִיצוֹתִי Ez 22:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָפִיץ Jb 37:11, וַיָּ֫פֶץ Gn 11:8 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הָפֵץ Jb 40:11; Inf. cstr. לְהָפִיץ Ez 20:23, etc.;— 1. trans. scatter: a. c. acc. pers. Gn 11:8, 9 (עַל loc.), Is 41:16; Hb 3:14; c. ב Gn 49:7; Isr. among (ב) nations Dt 4:27; 28:64; Je 9:15; Ez 11:16; 12:15; 20:23; 22:15; 36:19; Ne 1:8; c. שׁם(ה) Dt 30:3; Je 30:11; c. אֶל loc. Ez 34:21; abs. Je 13:24; 18:17, under fig. of flock Je 23:1, 2; Gr reads אֲפִיצֵם also Dt 32:26 (v. [פאה]); Egyptians (c. ב) Ez 29:12; 30:23, 26; inhab. of earth Is 24:1. b. c. acc. rei, arrows (fig. for lightnings) 2 S 22:15 = ψ 18:15, ψ 144:6; cloud Jb 37:11; הָפֵץ עַבְרוֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ 40:11 (i.e. lightnings?); seed Is 28:25. c. וֶהֱפִיצֻהוּ Jb 18:11 and drive him (si vera l., vid. conj. in Bu). 2. intrans., scatter, c. ב loc. Ex 5:12, c. מֵעַל pers. 1 S 13:8; of wind Jb 38:24 (עַל loc.).

† מֵפִיץ n.m. scatterer, disperser;—Na 2:2 (si vera l.), but read perhaps מַפֵּץ club, hammer JD Mich We Now; so also Pr 25:18, cf. Toy.

† [תְּפוֹצָה] assumed as sg. of n.f.pl. sf. וּתְפוֹצוֹתֵיכֶם Je 25:34 (so van d. H.) your dispersions (𝔙 al.); but Baer Gi תִיכֶם-, expl. as vb.Tiph. 1 s. Thes al., so (reading תְּפִיצוֹתִיכֶם) Hi Gf Köⁱ. ⁴⁷¹; word corrupt; Gr וְנִפַּצְתִּיכֶם, Gie וְנִפַּצְתֶּם.

† II. פּוּץ vb. flow, overflow (Arabic فَاضَ flow, cf. Ba^{ES 69});—

Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יָפוּצוּ Pr 5:16 of springs, fig. for sources of pleasure; 3 fpl. תְּפוּצֶנָה עָרַי מִטּוֹב Zc 1:17 my cities shall overflow with good.

† I. [פּוּק] vb. reel, totter;—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. פָּק֫וּ פְּלִילִיָּה Is 28:7 they reel (drunken, in giving) judgment (‖ שָׁגוּ, תָּעוּ, etc.); read prob. also Impf. 3 fs. תָּפוּק Am 2:13 tottereth (v. עוק).

Hiph. Impf. 1. totter: 3 ms. יָפִיק Je 10:4 (of idol).

† פּוּקָה n.f. tottering, staggering;—fig. for qualm of conscience 1 S 25:31 (+ מִכְשׁוֹל לֵב, v. Dr).

† פִּיק, פִּק n.[m.] id. lit.;—פִּק בִּרְכַּיִם Na 2:11 tottering of knees (so Baer Gi; פִּיק van d. H).

† II. פּוּק vb.

Hiph. bring out, furnish, promote (NH id.; appar. akin to Aramaic נְפַק go forth, Aph. bring forth, produce);— 1. produce, furnish: Impf. (juss.) וְתָפֵק לָרָעֵב Is 58:10 c. נַפְשְׁךָ (read perhaps לַחְמְךָ v. Che^Hpt.); Pt. מְפִיקִים מִזַּן אֶל־זַן ψ 144:13 (v. זַן). 2. bring out, elicit, obtain, c. acc.; יָפִיק Pr 3:13, + מִן pers., וַיָּפֶק 8:35; 18:22 (all ‖ מצא), 12:2. 3. זְמָמוֹ אַל־תָּפֵק ψ 140:9 his device do not promote.

† פּוּר n.m. lot (NH = BH; perhaps Assyrian loan-word from puru, buru, stone Jen^{ZA x. 339 f.} and in Wild ^{Est p. 173 f.});—expl. by הַגּוֹרָל Est 3:7; 9:24; שֵׁם הַפּוּר v 26 explains name of feast פּוּרִים v 26; יְמֵי הַפֻּרִים days of Purim v 28, 31; אִגֶּרֶת הַפּ׳ v 29, דִּבְרֵי הַפּ׳ v 32.—Vid. on Purim especially Now^{Arch. ii. 194 ff.} and reff.

I. פור (√ foll.; poss. foam, cf. Arabic ((فور), فَارَ), boil, ferment; Syriac ܦܘܪ, Ethpe., of anger).

† פּוּרָה n.f. wine-press;—פ׳ דָּרַכְתִּי Is 63:3 (v. דָּרַךְ 3); disting. from יֶקֶב, and perhaps part of it, Hg 2:16 (reading מִפּ׳, so Sm Now; usually measure of juice from one filling of the פ׳, v. Ke).

† פָּרוּר n.[m.] pot (Thes from boiling, dub.; otherwise Kö^{ii. 1, 151});—pot (earthern? v. פרור Ecclus 13:2, Gk. χύτρα, opp. λέβης; Syriac ܕܦܰܚܳܪܳܐ ܩܶܕܪܳܐ jar of the potter, opp. ܐܻܝܪܳܐ ܕܰܢܚܳܫܳܐ), for boiling Nu 11:8 (JE), 1 S 2:14, cf. Ju 6:19 (𝔊 χύτρα, κύθρα).

II. פור v. II. פרר.

† פּוֹרָתָא n.pr.m. son of Haman Est 9:8, Φαραδαθα, Βαρδαθα.

† I. [פּוּשׁ] vb. appar. spring about,

Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וּפָשׁוּ פָּרָשָׁיו Hb 1:8 (but prob. del. וּפָשׁוּ as dittogr. v. Now); 2 mpl. consec. וּפִשְׁתֶּם Mal 3:20, Impf. 2 mpl. תָּפוּשׁוּ Je 50:11 Qr (so 𝔊; > Kt תפושׁי), in both, sim. of gambolling calves.

† II. [פּוּשׁ] vb.

Niph. be scattered;—3 pl. נָפ֫שׁוּ עַמְּךָ עַל־הֶהָרִים Na 3:18 (read prob. נָפֹצוּ).

† פּוּתִי adj.gent. c. art. הַפּ׳ 1 Ch 2:53, a family in Judah; Μειφειθειμ, A Ηφιθειν, 𝔊L Αφφουθι.

פַּז v. I. פזז.

† I. [פָּזַז] vb.

Hoph. be refined (?) (dub. √);—Pt. זָהָב מוּפָ֑ז 1 K 10:18 refined gold (si vera l.; 𝔊 δόκιμος, ‖ 2 Ch 9:17 טָהוֹר).

† פַּז n.m. ^{ψ 19:11} refined, pure gold (Talm. פִּיזָּא; 𝔗 פִּיזּוּזָא);—עֲטֶרֶת פָּ֑ז ψ 21:4; in compar. of value or beauty: La 4:2, אַדְנֵי־פ׳ Ct 5:15; ‖ (or +) זהב Jb 28:17 (כְּלִי־פ׳), ψ 19:11 (+ רָ֑ב); 119:127; ‖ כֶּתֶם Is 13:12, cf. כֶּתֶם פ׳ Ct 5:11; + חָרוּץ Pr 8:19.

† II. [פָּזַז] vb. be supple, agile (Talm. (rare) פְּזִיזָא hasty; Arabic فَزَّ be frightened, excited; Syriac (Lexx.) ܦܰܙ leap, ܦܰܙܻܝܙܳܐ agile, etc.);—

Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּפֹ֫זּוּ Gn 49:24, of arms.

Pi. shew agility, leap (in dance), Pt. מְפַזֵּז וּמְכַרְכֵּר 2 S 6:16.

† [פָּזַר] vb. scatter (usually regarded as secondary form of בזר q.v.; NH id. Pi. (opp. כנם = כנשׁ), Niph.; Arabic فَزَرَ rend, slit, also separate, disperse);—

Qal Pt. pass. f. שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Je 50:17 a scattered sheep is Israel (i.e. driven off, isolated).

Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִפְזְרוּ ψ 141:7 our bones are scattered לְפִי שְׁאוֹל.

Pi. Pf. 3 ms. פִּזַּר ψ 53:6; 112:9, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְפַזֵּר 147:16; 2 fs. וַתְּפַזְּרִי Je 3:13; Pt. מְפַזֵּר Pr 11:24;—scatter ψ 89:11; 53:6; 147:16 (all subj. י׳), Jo 4:2; obj. דְּרָכַיִךְ Je 3:13, of Isr. running hither and thither to strange gods; abs. of spending money ψ 112:9 (alms), Pr 11:24.

Pu. Pt. מְפֻוָּר Est 3:8 scattered, of Isr.

I, II. פַּח v. פחח.

† פָּחַד vb. dread, be in dread, in awe (NH Hithp. (rare), Ecclus 41:12 Imv. פחד על fear for; 𝔗 פַּחְדָּא n.);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. פָּחַד ψ 119:161, וּפ׳ consec. Is 19:16; 60:5; 1 s. פָּחַדְתִּי Jb 3:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְחָ֑ד Is 19:17; 2 ms. תִּפְחָ֑ד Dt 28:67 +, etc.;— 1. be in dread, abs. Dt 28:66; Is 12:2; 33:14; 44:8, 11 ψ 78:53; Pr 3:24; לֹא פ׳ Je 36:24 sign of callousness; c. acc. cogn. פַּחַד Dt 28:67; Jb 3:25 ψ 14:5 = 53:6; c. מִן pers. Is 19:37 Jb 23:15 ψ 27:1 (‖ יָרֵא), cf. 119:161, and (c. מִפְּנֵי) Is 19:16; c. עַל rei Je 33:9 (+ רָֽגְזוּ); c. אֶל, pregn., turn in dread to each other Je 36:16, submitting to י׳ Ho 3:5 Mi 7:17 (‖ יָרֵא). 2. be in awe (at י׳’s favour), abs., Is 60:5.

Pi. be in great dread, Impf. 2 ms. וַתְּפַחֵד Is 51:13, c. מִפְּנֵי rei; Pt. abs. מְפַחֵד Pr 28:14 deeply dreading (sc. sin).

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְחִיד Jb 4:14 filled my bones with dread.

I. פַּ֫חַד₄₉ n.m. 1 S 11:7 dread;—פ׳ abs. Gn 31:42 +, cstr. 1 S 11:7 +, sf. פַּחְדְּךָ Dt 2:25 ψ 119:120, פַּחְדּוֹ Jb 13:11 1 Ch 14:17, etc.; pl. פְּחָדִים Jb 15:21:—

1. dread, פ׳ י׳, i.e. before י׳, often (not always) terrifying, unfitting for action, †Is 2:10, 19, 21; 1 S 11:7; 2 Ch 14:13; 17:10, so פ׳ אֱלֹהִים †20:29, c. sf. Jb 13:11 ψ 119:120 trembleth for dread of thee; c. genit. obj. Isr., †Dt 2:25 (‖ יִרְאָה), 11:25 (‖ מוֹרָא), ψ 105:38 Est 8:17; 9:2, פ׳ אוֹיֵב †ψ 64:2, of individual †1 Ch 14:17; Est 9:3; c. genit. obj. rei Pr 1:33; abs., in gen., Ex 15:16 (song; ‖ אֵימָ֫תָה), Jb 4:14 (‖ רְעָדָה), Je 30:5 (‖ קוֹל חֲרָדָה) +; as acc. cogn. c. פָּחַד ψ 14:5 + (v. פָּחַד); c. genit. subj. †Pr 1:26, 27 (both ‖ אֵיד) Dt 28:67.

2. = object of dread †ψ 31:12; 36:2, פ׳ אֵלַי Jb 31:23; פַּחַד פָּחַדְתִּי †Jb 3:25; מִקּוֹל הַפַּחַד †Is 24:18 sound of the disaster, for מִפְּנֵי הַפּ׳ of orig. Je 48:44, but קוֹל פְּחָדִים †Jb 15:21 = a sound of terrors; פ׳ פִּתְאֹם 22:10; Pr 3:25.

3. as design. dei †פ׳ יִצְחָק Gn 31:42 (‖ אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם), so v 53 (‖ id.; both E).

† [פַּחְדָּה] n.f. dread, religious awe, sf. לֹא פַּחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ Je 2:19 no awe of me (came) unto thee.

† II. [פַּ֫חַד] n.[m.] thigh (prob. loan-word (through Aramaic, otherwise ذ = ז) from Arabic فَخِذٌ thigh and (cf. We^{GGN, 1893, 479}) sub-tribe, Palm. פחד tribe);—גִּידֵי פַחְדּוֹ Jb 40:17 Kt the sinews of his thigh (Qr du. פַחֲדָיו), of hippopotamus.

פֶּחָה₂₈ n.m. 2 K 18:24 governor (loan-word from Assyrian paḫâti [abbrev. from bêl paḫâti], lord of a district; cf. perhaps Old Aramaic פחי governor);—abs. הַפּ׳ Ne 5:14, cstr. פַּחַ֫ת Hg 1:1 +, פַּחַת־ 2:21; sf. פֶּחָתֶ֑ךָ Mal 1:8, פֶּחֶם Ne 5:14 (but read prob. פֶּחָה); pl. abs. פַּחוֹת 1 K 20:24 +; cstr. פַּחוֹת 10:15 = 2 Ch 9:14, פַּחֲווֹת Ezr 8:36 +; sf. פַּחוֹתֶיהָ Je 51:28, 57;—as Assyrian captains 2 K 18:24 = Is 36:9 (< del. פ׳, cf. Sta^{ZAW vi (1886), 182} al.), cf. Ez 23:6, 12; of Babylon Je 51:23, 57, and Bab. allies Ez 23:23; of Media Je 51:28; Pers. governor of עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר, i.e. in Pal., Hg 1:1, 14; 2:2, 21; Ne 2:7, 9 + 8 times; Pers. satraps in gen. Est 3:12; 8:9; 9:3; applied (by late writer) to Sol.’s governors 1 K 10:15 = 2 Ch 9:14; Benhadad’s captains 1 K 20:24 (del. v., Sta al.).—cf. Biblical Aramaic

† [פָּחַז] vb. be wanton, reckless (NH id. (rare); Arabic فَخَزَ be haughty, boastful, reckless; 𝔗 פְּחַז, Syriac ܦܚܶܙ be lascivious, in der. spec. and deriv.);—

Qal Pt. אֲנָשִׁים רֵיקִים וּפֹהֲזִים Ju 9:4; of prophets Zp 3:4 extravagant (‖ אַנְשֵׁי בֹּגְדוֹת).

† פַּ֫חַז n.[m.] wantonness, recklessness, unbridled license;—Gn 49:4, abstr. for concr. (+ כַּמַּיִםִ like [boiling, or overflowing] water).

† [פַּחֲזוּת] n.f. recklessness, extravagance;—sf. תָם- Je 23:32 of prophets.

פחח (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; cf. Aramaic פָּחָא, ܦܰܚܳܐ, whence (Frä ¹¹⁹) Arabic فَخٌّ as loan-word).

† I. פַּח n.m. ^{ψ 124:7} bird-trap (cf. Wilkinson ^{Egyptians (1878) ii, 103, 109 f.} Dr Am 3:5 Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883), 101});* cf. also Baldensperger^{PEF 1905, 38} (paḥ used now פ׳ abs. Ho 5:1 +, פָּ֑ח Je 48:44 +; cstr. פַּח Ho 9:8 +; pl. פַּחִים Je 18:22 +;—

1. lit. יַעֲלֶה פ׳ Am 3:5 b (as metaph.; v a del. פ׳); Pr 7:23; Ec 9:12 (c. אָחוּז; both in sim.).

2. usually fig. (sometimes ‖ מוֹקֵשׁ, רֶשֶׁת, צַמִּים): a. of calamities and plots, פ׳ יָקוֹשׁ Ho 9:8, cf. ψ 91:3; 124:7; פ׳ alone Je 48:43 = Is 24:17; Jb 22:10 ψ 124:7; Pr 22:5; טָמַן פ׳ לְ Je 18:22 ψ 140:6; 142:4; נָתַן פ׳ לְ 119:110, יָקַשׁ פ׳ לְ 141:9; יֹאחֵז בְּעָקֵב פ׳ Jb 18:9; יִלָּכֵד בַּפּ׳ Je 48:44 = Is 24:18. b. = source or agent of calamity Ho 5:1; Jos 23:13 (D), Is 8:14 ψ 69:23.—ψ 11:6 v. פֶּחָם.

† [פָּחַח] vb.Hiph.denom. ensnare; Inf. abs. הָפֵחַ כֻּלָּם Is 42:22, c. בְּ loc. an ensnaring [i.e. men have ensnared] them all in, etc.

† II. [פַּח n.] plate of metal; pl. רִקֻּעֵי פַחִים Nu 17:3; cstr. וַיְרַקְּעוּ אֶת־פַּחֵי הַזָּהָב Ex 39:3.

פחם (√ of foll.; cf. prob. Arabic فَحُمَ be black, NH פָּחַם id. (in der. spec.), פֶּחָם = BH; Arabic فَحْمٌ charcoal; Assyrian pêntu (=* pêmtu) glowing coal; Syriac ܦܚܰܡ in Lexx).

† פֶּחָם n.[m.] coal (coll.); abs. פ׳, as inflammable, פ׳ לְגֶחָלִים Pr 26:21 (charcoal for embers, Toy); of glowing coal Is 44:12, אֵשׁ פ׳ 54:16; ψ 11:6 for MT פַּחִ֑ים אֵשׁ read פַּחַם אֵשׁ (or פַּחֲמֵי) coals of fire (‖ גָּפְרִית), so Ew al.

פחת (√ of foll.: cf. Arabic فَخَتَ cut off, vii. be perforated (of roof); Syriac ܦܚܬ Pa. pierce, break through, ܦܶܚܬܳܐ pit, chasm; NH פָּחַת dig, hollow out, also diminish).

† פַּ֫חַת n.m. ^{2 S 18:17} (in 17:9 read בְּאַחַד) pit;—פ׳ abs. Je 48:13 +, פָּ֑חַת v 28; pl. פְּחָתִים 2 S 17:9;—pit, 2 S 17:9; 18:17; Je 48:28 (Gie qu. text); fig. of calamity פַּחַד וָפ׳ וָפָ֑ח Je 48:43 cf. v 44^(×2) = Is 24:17 cf. v 18^(×2) and La 3:47.

† פְּחֶ֫תֶת n.f. a boring or eating out;—Lv 13:55, of leprous decay in garment.

† פַּ֫חַת מוֹאָב n.pr.m. post-exile name;—בֶּן־פ׳ מ׳ Ne 3:11 (Φααβ[θ]μωαβ, 𝔊L Ερωμαθ), בְּנֵי־פ׳ מ׳ Ezr 2:6 = Ne 7:11; Ezr 8:4 (all Φααθμωαβ, etc.), 10:30; פ׳ מ׳ Ne 10:15 (both Φααδ[θ]μωαβ, etc.).

† פִּטְדָה n.f. (m. according to Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 108}) topaz or chrysolite (according to 𝔊 τοπάζιον, 𝔙 topazius, etc.; prob. foreign word, cf. Skr. pîta (prob. yellow));—named with other precious stones Ez 28:13; Ex 28:17 = 39:10; cstr. פִּטְדַת־כּוּשׁ Jb 28:19.—Vid. Plin^{NH xxxvii. 8 (32)}, Houghton in Sm^{DB, Topaz} Ri^{HWB, Edelstein}.

† פַּטִּישׁ n.m. ^{Je 50:23} forge-hammer;—(NH = BH; Aramaic loan-word according to Frä ⁸⁵, and so Arabic فِطِّيسٌ (cf. Arabic trad. in Lane), v. 𝔗 פַּטִּישָׁא; but Lag^{BN 103} cp. فِطِّيسَةٌ swine’s snout, Syriac ܦܛܰܫ flat-nosed);—פ׳ abs. Is 41:7 Je 23:29; cstr. 50:23 fig. of Bab. as destroyer.

† פָּטַר vb. separate, remove, set free (NH depart, set free, Niph. also die; Ph. פטר CIS ^{102a, 2} depart (die?); Assyrian Paṭâru, split, break through, ipṭiru, ransom, TelAm. escape, set free (perhaps Canaanit.); Arabic فَطَرَ cleave, split, also create; Ethiopic ፈጠረ create, fabricate; Aramaic פְּטַר, ܦܛܰܪ withdraw, depart);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 Ch 23:8; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְטַר 1 S 19:10; Pt. act. פּוֹטֵר Pr 17:14; pass. פְּטוּרִים 1 Ch 9:33 Qr (Kt פטירים); cstr. פְּטוּרֵי 1 K 6:18, 29, 32, פְּטֻרֵי v 35;— 1. intrans. remove oneself, specif. escape 1 S 19:10 (מִפְּנֵי, cf. Dr). 2. trans. set free from duty 2 Ch 23:8 (acc. pers.), so pass. 1 Ch 9:33 Qr (Kt פטירים adj. or Aramaic pt., same meaning); פ׳ מַיִם Pr 17:14 set free, let out; pass. פְּטוּרֵי צִצִּים term. techn. of ornament in temple, dub., usually out-spread (garlands) of flowers 1 K 6:18, 29, 32, 35.

Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַפְטִירוּ בְשָׂפָה ψ 22:8 they separate with the lip, i.e. open mouth wide (insultingly).*

† פֶּ֫טֶר n.[m.] that which separates, first opens;—cstr., פּ׳ רֶחֶם i.e. firstborn, of man and beast, Ez 20:26; Ex 13:12, 15; 34:19; Nu 18:15; appos. בְּכוֹר Ex 13:2 Nu 3:12; רֶחֶם om. Ex 13:12, 13; 34:19, 20.

† [פִּטְרָה] n.f. id., פִּטְרַת כָּל־רֶהֶם Nu 8:16.

פטיר 1 Ch 9:33 Kt v. פטר 2.

פִּי v. פֶּה.

† פִּי־בֶ֫סֶת n.pr.loc. in Egypt (Pabast, Eb^{GS 495}, or Per-Basted, Griffith ^{Hastings DB iii. 874}, ‘House of Bast(et)’ orig. Pĕi-wbaste according to Steind^{BAS i. 350} cf. Naville^{Bubastis 44, 46, 48, 56}, Gk. Βούβαστις (Herod.), Βούβαστος (Diod Sic.));—Ez 30:17 𝔊 Βουβάστου (genit.), mod. Tel-Basṭa, near Zaḳaziḳ, c. 30 miles NNE. from Cairo.—Vid. Herod. ^{ii. 59 f., 67, 137 f., 166} Diod. ^{xvi. 49, 51} Naville^{l.c.; Trans. Vict. Inst. xxiii. 137 ff.}

† פִּי הַחִירֹת n.pr.loc. on E. border of Egypt, Ex 14:2, 9 (𝔊 ἡ ἔπαυλις), Nu 33:7 (Ε(π)ιρωθ) + v 8 (read מִפִּי ה׳ Sam. 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗, or מִפְּנֵי פִי ה׳, for MT מִפְּנֵי ה׳, cf. Di). Site unknown.

פיד, פוד (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic فود, فَادَ die, فيد, فَادَ pass away, be exhausted (of property)).

† פִּיד n.[m.] ruin, disaster;—abs. Jb 12:5; cstr. 31:29 Pr 24:22; sf. פִּידוֹ Jb 30:24 + 21:20 (for כִּיד).

פִּיּוֹת, פֵּיוֹת v. פֶּה.

פִּיחַ v. פוח.

† פִּיכֹל n.pr.m. captain of Abimelech of Gerar Gn 21:22, 32; 26:26, Φικολ, 𝔊L Φιχολ.

פִּילֶגֶּשׁ v. פִּלֶגֶשׁ.

פים perhaps < פאם (√ of foll., cf. Arabic فَأَمَ fill, ii. make wide, iv. become full (of fat); hence (Thes al.) foll., by syncope of א, cf. Ges^{§ 19 k}).

† פִּימָה n.f. superabundance (of fat);—פ׳ Jb 15:27 (‖ חֶלְבּוֹ).

פִּינְחָס₂₅ n.pr.m. (Egyptian Pe-nehasi, the negro, according to Lauth ^{Moses (1868), 71, ZMG xxv (1871), 139 f.} cf. Nes^{Eg 112, AJSL xiii (1897) 174} Baen Ex 6:25, yet v. Di);—

1. grandson of Aaron, Φ(ε)ινεες, Ex 6:25; Nu 25:7 + 16 times

†2. son of Eli 1 S 1:3 (†פִּנְחָם), 2:34; 4:4, 11, 17, 19; 14:3.

† פִּינֹן n.pr.m. Edomite Gn 36:41; 1 Ch 1:52, Φινες, Φινων, Φινα;—cf. פּוּנֹן.

פִּיפִיּוֹת v. פֶּה.

פִּיק v. I. פוק.

† פִּישׁוֹן n.pr.fl. (Thes sub פושׁ, cf. especially Nes^{Marg. 5}, but dub.);—one of the rivers of Eden Gn 2:11, Φ(ε)ισων, (on theories of identif. v. Comm., also reff. sub גִּיחוֹן).

† פִּיתוֹן n.pr.m. descendant of Saul 1 Ch 8:35 = פִּיתֹן 9:41, Φιθων, Φαιθων, 𝔊L Φιθωθ.

פכך (√ of foll.; cf. NH פַּךְ flask, also פִּכְפֵּךְ trickle, denom., or < onomatop.).

† פַּךְ n.m. ^{2 K 9:1} phial, flask;—cstr. פ׳ הַשֶּׁמֶן, for anointing, 1 S 10:1; 2 K 9:1, 3.

† פָּכָה vb.

Pi. trickle, perhaps denom.;—Pt. pl. מַיִם מְפַכִּים מִן Ez 47:2 water trickling on the south side.

† פֹּכֶ֫רֶת הַצְּבָיִם n.pr.m. (bindress [Aramaic; perhaps binder (fem. of office)] of the gazelles);—head of post-exilic family, בְּנֵי פ׳ ה׳ Ezr 2:57 = Ne 7:59 (הַצְּבָיִים), υἱοὶ Φασραθ υἱοὶ Ασεβωειν (Φακαραθ, Σαβαειμ, etc.).

פלא (√ of foll.; separate from the ordinary, distinguish according to Thes Gerber ²¹², cf. פלה).

† פֶּלֶא n.m. wonder (NH id.; as unusual, extraordinary);—פ׳ Ex 15:11 + 6 times; sf. פִּלְאֲךָ ψ 89:6; פִּלְאֶ֑ךָ 77:12; 88:13; pl. פְּלָאִים La 1:9; fpl. פְּלָאוֹת ψ 119:129 Dn 12:6;—

1. wonder: extraordinary, hard to be understood, God’s dealings with His people Is 29:14; the testimonies of the Law ψ 119:129; פֶּלֶא יוֹעֵץ Is 9:5 marvel of a counsellor (Baer פֵּלֶא), wonderful counsellor (of Mess. king); pl. as adv. acc. וַתֵּרֶד פ׳ La 1:9 she (Jerus.) hath come down marvellously.

2. wonder: of God’s acts of judgment and redemption ψ 77:12; 88:13; 89:6; עשׂה פ׳ Ex 15:11; Is 25:1 ψ 77:15; 78:12; 88:11; of extraord. trials קֵץ הפ׳ Dn 12:6.

[פָּלָא₇₁] vb. denom. Niph. etc., be surpassing, extraordinary (cf. Gerber ²¹²);—

Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִפְלָאת ψ 118:23 (Ges^{§ 44 f}); נִפְלְאַ֫תָה 2 S 1:26 (Kö^{i. 610 f., 614} Ges§ ⁷⁵⁰⁰); 3 pl. נִפְלְאוּ Pr 30:18; Impf. יִפָּלֵא Dt 17:8 + 6 times; Pt. mpl. נִפְלָאִים ψ 139:14; fs. נִפְלֵאת Dt 30:11; pl. נִפְלָאוֹת Jos 3:5 +; sf. נִפְלְאֹתַי Ex 3:20, etc.;— †1. be beyond one’s power, difficult to do, לעשׂות 2 S 13:2; בְּעֵינֵי פ׳ Zc 8:6^(×2); c. מן pers. too difficult for Dt 30:11, for י׳ Gn 18:14 (J) Je 32:17, 27. †2. be difficult to understand; c. מן pers. too difficult for ψ 131:1; Pr 30:18; Jb 42:3, to decide Dt 17:8. Especially †3. a. be extraordinary, wonderful, 2 S 1:26 ψ 119:18; of God’s acts, נ׳ בְּעֵינֵינוּ 118:23, cf. 139:14. b. Pt. as subst. marvellous things Jb 37:14 (acts of God), Dn 11:36 (presumptuous words); as adv. wondrously Jb 37:5; Dn 8:24. 4. נִפְלָאוֹת = wonderful acts of י׳ in judgment and redemption, Ex 3:20 (J) Ju 6:13; Je 21:2 1 Ch 16:9, 24 ψ 9:2; 26:7 + 15 times ψψ; also עשׂה נ׳ Ex 34:10; Jos 3:5 (J) Jb 5:9 = 9:10, + 9 times Chr ψψ; הראה נ׳ Mi 7:15 ψ 78:11.

†Pi. Inf. cstr. לְפַלֵּא נֶדֶר make a special votive offering, Lv 22:21 Nu 15:3, 8 (P).

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְלִיא ψ 31:22; 2 Ch 26:15; הִפְלִא Is 28:29; וְהִפְלָא consec. Dt 28:59 (Ges^{§ 7500}); Impf. יַפְלִא Lv 27:2; Nu 6:2; Inf. abs. הַפְלֵא Is 29:14; 2 Ch 2:8; cstr. הַפְלִיא Is 29:14; Jo 2:26; Pt. מַפְלִא Ju 13:19;— 1. do a hard or difficult thing: הפ׳ (לִנְדֹּר) נֶדֶר make a hard vow Lv 27:2; Nu 6:2 (cf. Pi.). 2. make wonderful, do wondrously: of God, הפ׳ מַכּוֹת make plagues wonderful (exceptional), Dt 28:59; הפ׳ עֵצָה Is 28:29 make counsel wondrous, 29:14 do wonderfully with people, + הַפְלֵא וָפֶלֶא; עשׂה עמכם לה׳ Jo 2:26 dealt with you doing wondrously; הפ׳ חַסְדּוֹ לִי ψ 31:22; הפ׳ לְהֵעָזֵר 2 Ch 26:15 did marvellously in receiving help; of the temple גָּדוֹל וְהַפְלֵא 2 Ch 2:8 (Kö^{Synt. § 318 e}). 3. of God, מַפְלִא לעשׂות Ju 13:19 working wonders in doing.

†Hithp. Impf. תִּתְפַּלָּא בִי Jb 10:16 thou dost shew thyself marvellous (act inexplicably) against me.

† פַּלּוּא n.pr.m. (DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 9, 1} cp. Liḥy. n.pr. פלה);—son of Reuben Gn 46:9; Ex 6:14 Nu 26:5, 8; 1 Ch 5:3, Φαλλου(ς), etc.; v. also פֶּלֶת.

† פַּלֻּאִי adj.gent. of foregoing, c. art. as n. coll., Nu 26:5.

[פָּלִיא] v. following.

† [פִּלְאִי] adj. wonderful, incomprehensible;—m. פלאי (i.e. פִּלְאִי Kt, Ju 13:18 (name of מַלְאַךְ י׳; > Qr (א)פֶּ֫לִי); f. פלאיה דַעַת מִמֶּנִּי (i.e. פִּלְאִיָה) ψ 139:6 God’s knowledge; > Qr פְּלִיאָה.

† פְּלָאיָה n.pr.m. Ne 8:7; 10:11, 𝔊L Φαλαιας.

† פְּלָיָה n.pr.m. (late Assyrian Pi-lîâma Hilpr^{Univ. Pa. Exp. ix. 68});—1 Ch 3:24, Φαρα, Φαλαια, Φαδια.

† [מִפְלָאָה] n.f. wondrous work (si vera l.);—pl. cstr. מִפְלְאוֹת Jb 37:16 (of providence; but read probably נִפְלְאוֹת Bu SS, cf. Di).

† [פָּלַג] vb. split, divide (NH chiefly in secondary meanings and deriv.; Arabic فَلَجَ divide, split; Aramaic פְּלֵיג, ܦܠܰܓ divide; Ethiopic ፈለግ ravine, stream; Assyrian palgu, canal);—

Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִפְלְגָה Gn 10:25; 1 Ch 1:19 was divided (earth).

Pi. 1. Pf. 3 ms. פִּלַּג Jb 38:25 cleave a channel for rain. 2. Imv. ms. פַּלַּג (Ges^{§ 52 n}) ψ 55:10 divide their speech (their counsels).

† I. פֶּ֫לג n.m. ψ 65:10 (cleft) channel, (artif.) canal;—usually pl. פְּלָגִים Is 30:25 (+ יִבְלֵי־מָ֑יִם); cstr. פַּלְגֵי־מַיִם ψ 1:3, sim. Is 32:2; Pr 21:1, metaph. 5:16, of tears La 3:48 ψ 119:136; פְּלָגָיו ψ 46:5 (i.e. irrigating canals from river, metaph.); פַּלְגֵי־שָׁ֑מֶן Jb 29:6 (fig. of prosperity); sg. פֶּלֶג אֱלֹהִים ψ 65:10, poet. of channel for rain (cf. Jb 38:25).

† II. פֶּ֫לֶג n.pr.m. son of Eber, Φαλεκ, 𝔊L Φαλεγ: Gn 10:25; 11:17, 18, 19; 1 Ch 1:19, 25, פָּ֑לֶג Gn 11:16.

† [פְּלַגָּה] n.f. 1. stream. 2. division;—pl. פְּלַגּוֹת:

1. streams Jb 20:17.

2. divisions, sections of tribe, פ׳ cstr. Ju 5:15, 16 (read perhaps פְּלֻגּוֹת, v. following), > streams.

† [פְּלֻגָּה] n.f. division (= מַחֲלֹקֶת q.v.), of priests, for service;—pl. cstr. פְּלֻגּוֹת 2 Ch 35:5.

† [מִפְלַגָּה] n.f. id.; pl. abs. מִפְלַגּוֹת 2 Ch 35:12.

פִּלֶ֫גֶשׁ, פִּילֶ֫גֶשׁ n.f. concubine (NH id.; 𝔗^Jer פִּילַּקְתָּא (פַּלְקְתָא), perhaps influenced by Gk. παλλακή, παλλακίς (proposes young girl), Lat. pellex; orig. Gk. word according to Sta^{G. i.380}, cf. also Lewy^{Fremdw. 66 f.}; on poss. Hittite origin v. Jen^{ZMG xlviii (1894), 468 ff.});—פִּ׳ abs. 2 S 3:7, cstr. 21:11, פִּי׳ abs. Gn 36:12; Ju 19:1, cstr. Gn 35:22 + 4 times; sf. פִּילַנְשׁוֹ 22:24 +, שֵׁהוּ- Ju 19:24; שִׁי- 20:4 + 2 times; pl. פִּלַגְשִׁים 2 S 5:13 + 2 times, פִּי׳ Gn 25:6 + 5 times; cstr. פִּלַגְשֵׁי 2 S 16:21, 22; sf. פִּילַגְשָׁיו 2 Ch 11:21, פִּלַגְשֶׁיךָ 2 S 19:6, פִּלַגְשֵׁיהֶם Ez 23:20;—

1. concubine Gn 22:24; 25:6; 35:22; 36:12; Ju 8:31; 19:1 + 10 times Ju 19, 20, 2 S 3:7^(×2) + 7 times 2 S, 1 K 11:13; 1 Ch 1:32 + 6 times Ch, Est 2:14 Ct 6:8, 9.

2. either = paramour (perhaps contempt.; ὁ πάλλαξ = youth), or < concubinage Ez 23:20 (fig. of Jerusalem doting on Babylon).

† [פְּלָדָה] n.f. usually iron, steel (origin dub.; steel in Arabic is فوُلَاذٌ, فالَوُذ, but Vulg.Ar. بُولَاد; Syriac ܦܘܠܕ (in Lexx); loan-wd.from Pers. پُولَاد according to Lag^{Ges. Abh. 75}, cf. Nö^{ZMG xxx (1876), 769}, but uncertain, cf. Now and reff.);—pl. [abs.!] בְּאֵשׁ־פְּלָדֹת הָרֶכֶב Na 2:4 < כָּאֵשׁ פִּלְדֹת וגו׳ We Now, like fire the steel (fittings) of the chariots.

† פִּלְדָּשׁ n.pr.m. Nahorite Gn 22:22, Φαλδας.

† [פָּלָה] vb.

Niph. be separated, distinct (‖ form of פלא q.v.; cf. Arabic فلو, فَلَا separate from sucking, wean; Ethiopic ፈለየ; separate, distinguish);— 1. Pf. 1 pl. consec. וְנִפְלִינוּ Ex 33:16 and we shall be distinct, c. מִן pers. 2. 1 s. נִפְלֵיתִי ψ 139:14 I am wonderful (viz. in bodily stature etc.); < Vrss Hup-Now Bae We -תָ thou [י׳] art wonderful (פלא 3).

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְלָה ψ 4:4, וְה׳ consec. Ex 9:4; 1 s. וְהִפְלֵיתִי consec. 8:18; Impf. 3 ms. יַפְלֶה 11:7; Imv. ms. הַפְלֵה ψ 17:7;—of י׳, make separate, c. acc. Ex 8:18 (by treating differently); set apart ψ 4:4, but perhaps read חֶסֶד לִי (for MT חָסִיד לוֹ), hath made wonderful (his) kindness to me (Dy Gr Che We Du [Bae ‘perhaps’]), so 17:7 (cf. 31:22); distinguish between, בֵּין rei, Ex 9:4, בֵּין pers. 11:7.

† I. פְּלֹנִי pron. a certain one; Gk. ὁ, ἡ δεῖνα (according to Thes from above √, through an unused noun פָּלֹן, proposes one defined, a particular one: NH id.; Aramaic ܦܠܳܢ, f. ܦܠܳܢܻܝܬܳܐ; Arabic فُلَانُ W^{AG i. § 353 R. c}, voc. فُلُ Siegf^{ZWTh xxvii. 355}; Assyrian pulpul Hpt^{BAS i. 114}), always joined with אַלְמֹנִי (proposes one not mentioned) in the sense of ‘ein gewisser verschwiegener’ (Ew^{§ 106 c, 2} Sta^{§ 150 b}), ‘a certain unnamed one,’ i.e. such a one; Ru 4:1 שְׁבָה־פֹּה פְּלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי sit down here, such a one (Gk. ὦ οὗτος; Arabic يَا فُلُ); in the phr. מְקוֹם פ׳ א׳ the place of such a one = such and such a place, 1 S 21:3 2 K 6:8. From פ׳ א׳ arose by contraction (or conflation, Perles^{Anal. 82}) פַּלְמֹנִי †Dn 8:13 ויאמר … לַפּ׳ הַמְדַבֵּר to that certain one who spake.—ii. פְּלֹנִי v. p. 813.

† [פָּלַח] vb. cleave (Arabic فَلَحَ cleave; Aramaic פְּלַח (usually), ܦܠܰܚ, are till, work, serve [= עָבַד]);—

Qal Pt. פֹּלֵהַ ψ 141:7 of cleaving, ploughing, בָּאָרֶץ (‖בקע).

Pi. Impf. 1. cleave open, through, 3 ms. יְפַלַּח of piercing kidneys Jb 16:13, liver Pr 7:23 (both fig.); וַיְּפַלַּח אֶל 2 K 4:39 of cutting up (fruit) into pot. 2. cause to cleave open, 3 fpl. יַלְדֵיהֶן תְּפַלַּחְנָה Jb 39:3 of animals bringing forth young, read perhaps תְּפַלַּטְנָה (21:10).

† פֶּ֫לַח n.f. Jb 41:16 cleavage, mill-stone (mill cleft betw. the stones? cf. GFM^Ju; 𝔗 פִּלְחָא);—פ׳ abs. Jb 41:16, elsewhere cstr.;—

1. mill-stone, פ׳ רֶכֶב mill-stone of riding, i.e. upper stone, wh. is turned (cf. רֶכֶב), Ju 9:53; 2 S 11:21; פ׳ תַּחְתִּית Jb 41:16 lower mill-stone (sim. of hardness).

2. cleavage, split hence slice פֶּלַח הָרִמּוֹן Ct 4:3 = 6:7 sim. of human temple (from colour; cf. Wetzstein in Del^{Comm. Excurs. A}); also פֶּלַח דְּבֵלָה slice of fig-cake 1 S 30:12.

† פִּלְחָא (Baer פִּלְחָה) n.pr.m. post-exilic name Ne 10:25; Φαδαεις, 𝔊L Φαλλαει.

† [פָּלַט] vb. escape (NH id.; Ph. in n.pr.; Arabic فلت iv. escape, Vulg. Ar. فلط; Old Aramaic פלט Pa. rescue, 𝔗 פְּלַט, Syriac ܦܠܰܛ );—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וּפָֽלְטוּ Ez 7:16 and (if) escapers of them escape.

Pi. causat.: Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְפַלְּטֵם; 2 ms. תְּפַלֵּט Mi 6:14, etc.; Imv. ms. פַּלְּטָה ψ 17:13, etc.; Pt. sf. מְפַלְּטִי 18:3 +;— 1. bring into security Mi 6:14; especially of י׳, deliver, c. acc. pers., ψ 22:5, 9; 31:2; 37:40; 71:2 (+ הִצִּיל), 82:4; 91:14; + מִן from 2 S 22:44 = ψ 18:44, ψ 18:49 (מוֹצִיא ‖ 2 S 22:49), 17:13; 37:40; 43:1; 71:4; pt. c. sf., my deliverer 2 S 22:2 = ψ 18:3, ψ 40:18; 70:6; 144:2. 2. cause to escape, cast forth, of cow calving Jb 21:10 (cf. [מָלַט] Hiph., also 𝔗 vomit out, and so ܦܰܠܶܛ). 3. appar. intrans. be delivered, c. מִן Jb 23:7, but dub.; Bu Qal (‘perhaps’); 𝔊 Du read מִשְׁפָּטִי as obj. (but elsewhere י׳ subj. Of Pi.).

Hiph. bring into security; Impf. 3 ms. יַפְלִיט Is 5:29 of Assyria, under fig. of lion, carrying off prey (opp. הִצִּיל); 2 ms. תַּפְלִיט Mi 6:14 (cf. Pi. 1).

† פֶּ֫לֶט n.pr.m.

1. 1 Ch 2:47, Φαλεκ[γ, τ].

2. 1 Ch 12:3, Ιωφαλητ, Φαλετ, etc.—Vid. בֵּית פָּ֑לֶט.

I. פַּלְטִי adj.gent. v. בֵּית פָּ֑לֶט.

† פַּלֵט n.[m.] deliverance (si vera l., proposes Inf. of foregoing);—רָנֵּי פ׳ ψ 32:7 shouts of deliverance (dub., v. Comm.); עַל־אָוֶן פַּלֶּט־לָ֑מוֹ 56:8, read פַּלֶּס־ (Ew Hup al.) for (their) iniquity weigh to them (retribution), or עַל־אָוֶן אֵין פַּלֶּט־ Bae.

† פָּלִיט n.m. ^{Am 9:1} escaped one, fugitive;—פ׳ abs. 2 K 9:15 +; pl. cstr. פְּלִיטֵי Ju 12:4 +; sf. פְּלְיטָיו Ob 14, etc.;—Am 9:1; 2 K 9:15; Gn 14:13; Ez 24:26, 27; 33:21 (+ מִן loc.), v 22; שָׂרִיד וּפ׳ Jos 8:22; Je 42:17; פ׳ וְשָׂרִיד 44:14 La 2:22; c. genit. subj. Ju 12:5 fugitives of Ephr. (del. in v 4, see GFM), so c. sf. Ez 6:9; 7:16 Ob 14; c. genit. obj., escaped of, i.e. from Is 45:20, so פְּלִיטֵי חֶרֶב Je 44:28; Ez 6:8.

† [פָּלֵיט] n.m. id.;—pl. פְּלֵיטִם Nu 21:29 (as appos., or adj.), ים—ִ Is 66:19; פְּלֵטִים Je 44:14, + מִן from 50:28; 51:50.

† פְּלֵיטָה n.f. escape (on form cf.> Ba^{NB 144, 166});—abs. פ׳ Gn 32:9 +, פְּלֵטָה Ex 10:5 +; cstr. פְּלֵיטַת 2 K 19:30 +;—

1. escape, deliverance Gn 45:7 (E) Je 25:35.

2. elsewhere prob. always escaped remnant: a. of green things (from locusts) Ex 10:5 (J) Jo 2:3. b. of pers. Gn 32:9 (J) Ju 21:17 Is 15:9 Je 50:29 1 Ch 4:43 2 Ch 12:7; 20:24; 30:6 Ezr 9:8; Dn 11:42; + מִפְּנֵי 2 S 15:14. c. specif. of those of Judah escaped from Assyrian 2 K 19:30, 31 (+ מִן) = Is 37:31, 32, cf. Is 10:20; from Bab. Ne 1:2 Ezr 9:13, 14, 15, cf. Ez 14:22; after י׳’s future judgment Is 4:2; Ob 17; Jo 3:5.

† II. פַּלְטִי n.pr.m. Φαλτει (perhaps abbrev. from פַּלְטִיאֵל);—

1. Benjamite Nu 13:9.

2. second husband of Michal 1 S 25:44 (= פַּלְטִיאֵל 2 S 3:15).

† פִּלְטָ֑י n.pr.m. priest Ne 12:17, Φελητει, etc.

† פַּלְטִיאֵל n.pr.m. Φαλτ(ε)ιηλ:

1. Nu 34:26.

2. 2 S 3:15 (= פַּלְטִי 1 S 25:44), 𝔊L Φαλτιου.

† פְּלַטְיָ֫הוּ, פְּלַטְיָה n.pr.m. Φαλτιας, Φαλεττι(α), etc.:—

1. -יָהוּ, a prince of people Ez 11:1, 13.

2. -יָה, grandson of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:21, perhaps = Ne 10:23.

3. -יָה, Simeonite 1 Ch 4:42.

† יַפְלֵט n.pr.m. Asherite (on form cf. Ba^{NB 144, 166});—1 Ch 7:33^(×2), also v 32 (Gi יַפְלָט); Ιφαμηλ, Αφαληκ, etc., A Ιαφαλητ.

† יַפְלֵטִי adj.gent. c. art. as n. coll. הַיּ׳ the Japhlites Jos 16:3, family or clan on SW. border of Ephraim; Απταλειμ, A Ιεφαλθι, 𝔊L Ιεφλητι.

† מִפְלָט n.[m.] escape (Hup Bae) or place of escape (We Du);—ψ 55:9 si vera l.; 𝔅 Che מְפַלֵּט deliverer.

פְּלִי, פְּלָיָה v. פלא.

פלך (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic فَلَكَ ii. be round (especially hemispherical), فَلْكَةٌ whirl of spindle, so Assyrian pilakku; NH = BH; 𝔗 פֶּלֶךְ circuit, district; Assyrian also pilku, district).

† פֶּ֫לֶךְ n.[m.] 1. whirl of spindle. 2. district (proposes circle, circuit);—abs. פ׳ 2 S 3:29, פָּ֑לֶךְ Pr 31:19; cstr. פֶּלֶךְ Ne 3:9 +; sf. פִּלְכּוֹ v 17;—

1. whirl of spindle, 2 S 3:29 (prob., v. Dr), Pr 31:19 (‖ כִּישׁוֹר).

2. district, Ne 3:9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17^(×2), 18.

[פָּלַל₈₄] vb. prob. intervene, interpose (hence both arbitrate, judge, and intercede, pray, cf. Dr 1 S 2:25; NH פלל (rare), נתפלל, pray, פִּילּוּל act of prayer, פְּלִילָה judicial matter;—otherwise We^{Heid. (2), 126} who conj. der. for הִתְפַּלֵּל from Arabic فَلَّ notch edge (of sword, etc.), i.e. cut oneself in worship);—

†Pi. mediate, judge: Pf. 3 ms. consec., arbitrate, sf. וּפִלְלוֹ 1 S 2:25 (but read prob. 3 pl. וּפִלְלוּ We Dr al., word-play with יִתְפ׳ foll.); 2 fs. פִּלַּלְתְּ Ez 16:52 mediate for (ל pers.) viz., through thine own sins; 1 s. פִּלָּ֑לְתִּי Gn 48:11 (E; poss. denom. from פליל) I did not judge (have the opinion, expect) to see, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְפַלֵּל ψ 106:30 (abs.) he interposed (by slaying offender).

Hithp.₈₀ Pf. 3 ms. הִתְפַּלֵּל 1 K 8:42; 1 s. הִתְפַּלָּ֑לְתִּי 1 S 1:27, etc.; Impf. יִתְפַּלֵּל ψ 32:6 +; יִתְפַּלֶּל־ 1 S 2:25; 1 s. אֶתְפַּלָּ֑ל ψ 5:3, etc.; ei. הִתְפַּלֵּל Nu 21:7 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִתְפַּלֵּל Ez 10:1 +, etc.; Pt. מִתְפַּלֵּל Je 42:4 +, etc.;— 1. specif. intercede (with י׳), c. בעד, on behalf of Gn 20:7 Nu 21:7 (E) Dt 9:20; 1 S 12:23 + 6 times; c. לְ, 1 S 2:25; אֶל־יהוה Nu 11:2; 21:7 (JE) Dt 9:26; c. בעד + אל־יהוה 1 S 7:5; Je 29:7 + 4 times; אל־האלהים Gn 20:17 (E); c. על for pers. 2 Ch 30:18 Jb 42:8. 2. gen. pray, c. אֶל, unto idol Is 44:17; 45:20; unto Israel v 14; בוֹא אל־מקדשׁ להתפ׳ 16:12. 3. pray (to י׳), abs. 1 K 8:33; 2 K 6:17; Ezr 10:1; Dn 9:20; 2 Ch 6:24; 7:1, 14, c. אֶל־י׳ 1 S 1:26; 8:6; 2 K 4:33; 6:18; 20:2 = Is 38:2 = 2 Ch 32:24, + 10 times; הִתְפ׳ תפלה אֶל־י׳ 2 S 7:27;s 1 K 8:54; על יהוה 1 S 1:10 (read אֶל); לִפְנֵי 1 S 1:12; 1 K 8:28 + 5 times; c. לְ Dn 9:4; c. אֶל of thing prayed for 1 S 1:27; c. אֶל against 2 K 19:20 = Is 37:21 (read עַל); עַל־זֹאת because of this 2 Ch 32:20 ψ 32:6; c. אֶל loc.: אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם 1 K 8:29, 30, 35 = 2 Ch 6:20, 21, 26; אֶל־הַבַּית 1 K 8:42 = 2 Ch 6:32; c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ הָעִיר 1 K 8:44 = 2 Ch 6:34; דֶּרֶךְ אַרְצָם 1 K 8:48 = 2 Ch 6:38. 4. of poetical, liturgical prayer, abs. 1 S 2:1, c. אֶל Jon 2:2.

תְּפִלָּה₇₇ n.f. prayer;—ת׳ Is 1:15 +, cstr. תְּפִלַּת ψ 80:5 +; sf. תְּפִלָּתִי 4:2 +, etc.; pl. תְּפִלּוֹת 72:20;—

1. a. prayer, 1 K 8:38 = 2 Ch 6:29; Is 1:15 ψ 35:13; 80:5 +. b. pray a prayer, הִתְפ׳ ת׳ 2 S 7:27; 1 K 8:54 (cf. v 28, 29 = 2 Ch 6:19, 20); דִּבֶּר בַּתּ׳ Dn 9:21; specif. of intercession, נשׂא ת׳, c. בְּעַד in behalf of 2 K 19:4 = Is 37:4; Je 7:16; 11:14. c. ת׳ אֶל־אֱלֹהִים 2 Ch 33:18, לְאֵל ψ 42:9, cf. 69:14; c. vb. + לפני 88:3; 141:2; תּ׳ תְּקַדְּמֶ֑ךָּ 88:14. d. בית ת׳ Is 56:7^(×2) house of prayer (temple); c. vb. + אֶל־י׳ + אל־היכל Jon 2:8; c. vb. + למעון קדשׁו 2 Ch 30:27. e. hear prayer is ת׳ (אֶת־) שׁמע 1 K 8:45, 49 = 2 Ch 6:35, 39, 1 K 9:3 ψ 4:2; 39:13 + 9 times; שׁמע אֶל־ת׳ 1 K 8:28, 29 = 2 Ch 6:19, 20; Ne 1:6; Dn 9:17; פנה אל ת׳ 1 K 8:28 = 2 Ch 6:19, ψ 102:18; אָזְנֶיךָ קַשֻּׁבוֹת לת׳ 2 Ch 6:40; 7:15, cf. Ne 1:11 (אֶל), הַקְשִׁיבָה ת׳ ψ 61:2; הִקְשִׁיב בְּקוֹל ת׳ 66:19; הַאֲזִינָה ת׳ 17:1; 55:2; 86:6; לקח ת׳ 6:10; cf. 66:20; 102:18b.

2. in ψ-titles, poetic, liturgical prayer ψ 17:1; 86:1; 90:1; 102:1; 142:1 Hb 3:1; of Davidic Psalter, תפלות דוד ψ 72:20.

† פָּלָל n.pr.m. a wall-builder Ne 3:25, Φαλαλ, א Φαλακ, A Φαλαξ, 𝔊L Φαλλη.

† [פָּלִיל] n.m. judge; pl. פְּלִילִים Dt 32:31 our enemies being judges, umpires; עָוֹן פ׳ Jb 31:11, read עֲוֹן פ׳ according to Di Siegf, cf. De; < עָוֹן פְּלִילִי as v 28, so Bu Du; בִּפְלִלִים Ex 21:22, read perhaps בַּנְּפָלִים for the abortion Bu ^{ZAW xi (1891), 107}, cf. also Di-Ry.

† פְּלִילָה n.f. office of judge or umpire;—עשׂי פ׳ (Qr עֲשׂוּ) Is 16:3 do an umpire’s office.

† פְּלִילִי adj. for a judge, calling for judgment;—עָוֹן פ׳ Jb 31:28 (on v 11 see פָּלִיל; Kue ^{Ond. (2) 161} reads עֲוֹן פְּלִילִים in both v 11 and v 28).

† פְּלִילִיָּה n.f. the giving a decision;—פ׳ Is 28:7 (of priests).

† פְּלַלְיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath interposed);—priest Ne 11:12, Φαλ(λ)αλια(ς).

† אֶפְלָל n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:37^(×2), Αφαμηλ, etc., 𝔊L Ελφαελ.

פַּלְמֹנִי v. I. פְּלֹנִי sub פלה.

† II. פְּלֹנִי, פְּלוֹנִי adj.gent. erron.: c. art. הַפְּלוֹנִי 1 Ch 11:27; 27:10 read הַפַּלְטִי as 2 S 23:26 (v. בֵּית פָּ֑לֶט); הַפְּלֹנִי 1 Ch 11:36 read הַגִּלֹנִי, as 2 S 23:34.—i. פְּלֹנִי v. פלה.

פלס, פלשׂ (√ of foll.;? be even, balance).

† פֶּ֫לֶס n.[m.] balance, scale;—lit. Pr 16:11, fig. Is 40:12 (in both ‖ מֹאזְנַיִם).

† [פָּלַס] vb.Pi.denom. weigh, make level (Ph. פלס Pi. make level(?) in n.pr.);—Impf. 3 ms. יְפַלֵּס ψ 78:50; 2 mpl. תְּפַלֵּס֑וּן ψ 58:3 (v. infr.), etc.; Imv. ms. פַּלֵּס Pr 4:26; Pt. מְפַלֵּס 5:11;—

1. weigh out חֲמַס יְדֵיכֶם תּפ׳ ψ 58:3 (fig.; but read perhaps חָמָס יְדֵיכֶם תְּפַלֵּסְנָה violence do your hands weigh out, so 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Bae Kau We).

2. make level, smooth (cf. Gerber ³²). c. acc. of path (fig.), מַעְגָּל Pr 4:26; 5:21; Is 26:7, נָתִיב ψ 78:50, אֹרַח Pr 5:6.

† [מִפְלָשׂ] n.[m.] swaying, poising;—מִפְלְשֵׂי־עָב Jb 37:16; Bu (plausibly) מִפְרְשֵׂי, as 36:29.

† [פָּלַץ] vb.

Hithp. shudder;—Impf. 3 mpl. יִתְפַּלָּצוּן Jb 9:6 its (earth’s) pillars shudder.

† פַּלָּצוּת n.f. shuddering;—פ׳ abs. Jb 21:6; Is 21:4; Ez 7:18 ψ 55:6.

† מִפְלֶ֫צֶת n.f. horrid thing (thing to shudder at);—עָֽשְׂתָה מ׳ לַאֲשֵׁרָה 1 K 15:13 (of some abominable object of idolatry, not precisely known), so sf. מִפְלַצְתָּהּ v 13 = 2 Ch 15:16^(×2).

† [תִּפְלֶ֫צֶת] n.f. shuddering, horror;—sf. תִּפְלַצְתְּךָ Je 49:16 horror at thee! (exclam.); not quite certain, v. Gie.

פלשׂ v. פלס.

† [פָּלַשׁ] vb.

Hithp. act of mourning, poss. roll in (dust, etc.; weakened from burrow into) (NH Pi. break open, or through; Assyrian palâšu, dig a hole; Syriac ܦܠܰܫ dig or break through; but connexion dub., Vrss mostly besprinkle oneself, Aq roll oneself);—Pf. 1 s. עָפָר הִתְפַּלָּ֑שְׁתִּי Mi 1:10 Kt (Qr Imv. -פַּלָּ֑שִׁי, others mpl. -פַּלָּ֑שׁוּ); Impf. 3 mpl. כָּאֵפֶר יִתְפַּלָּ֑שׁוּ Ez 27:30, so Imv. fs. הִתְפַּלְּשִׁי בָאֵפֶר Je 6:26 (cf. Mi 1:10 Qr); abs., mpl. הִתְפַּלְּשׁוּ 25:34.

† פְּלֶ֫שֶׁת n.pr.terr. Philistia, poet. and late;—פְּלָ֑שֶׁת (ישְׁבֵי) Ex 15:14 (Φυλιστιειμ; elsewhere (οἱ) ἀλλόφυλοι), Jo 4:4, elsewhere פְּלֶשֶׁת Is 14:29, 31 ψ 60:10 = 108:10; 83:8; 87:4; Assyrian Palastu, Pilistu, COT Gn 10:14 Dl^{Pa 288 f.} Gk. Παλαιστίνη Herod. ^{ii. 104, 106, vii. 89} Jos^{Ant. i, 6, 2} (also Φυλιστίνου); v. Rel ^{Pal. 73 f.}

פְּלִשְׁתִּי₂₈₈ adj.gent. Philistine, (οἱ) Φυλιστιειμ, and (not in Hex) (ὁ) ἀλλόφυλος, (οἱ) ἀλλόφυλοι;—only as subst.: הַפּ׳ the Philistine (Goliath) slain by David 1 S 17:8 + 27 times 17, 18:6; 19:5; 21:10; 22:10; one slain by Abishai 2 S 21:17; elsewhere pl. the Philistines₂₅₅, usually פְּלִשְׁתִּים without art., rarely הַפּ׳ 1 S 4:7; 7:13 + (especially c. prep. בַּפּ׳ v 13 +, and then perhaps due to punctuators), Gn 10:14 = 1 Ch 1:12; Gn 26:14, 15, 18; Ju 3:31 + 33 times Ju, 1 S 4:1^(×2) + 118 times 1 S, 2 S 1:20 + 28 times 2 S, +; אֶרֶץ פ׳ Gn 21:32, 34 + 12 times; שְׂדֵה פ׳ 1 S 6:1; 27:7, 11; מֶלֶךְ פ׳ Gn 26:1, 8; שָׂרֵי פ׳ 1 S 18:30 + 5 times; סַרְנֵי פ׳ Jos 13:3; Ju 3:3 + 13 times; יָם פ׳ Ex 23:31; אֱלֹהֵי פ׳ Ju 10:6.—Cf. כְּרֵתִי, II. כַּפְתּוֹר. On Philistines v. also WMM^{As. u. Eur. 387 f.} Evans ^{Cretan Pictographs, 100 ff.} Schwally ^{ZWT xxxiv. 103 f., 255}.

† פֶּ֫לֶת n.pr.m.

1. Reubenite Nu 16:1, Φαλεθ[κ]; read prob. פַּלּוּא (q.v.) so Gf Dr al.

2. Judahite 1 Ch 2:33, Θαλεθ, Φαλεθ[ατ].

† פְּלֵתִי adj.gent. from unknown n.pr.; only c. art. as n. coll. with הַכְּרֵתִי (q.v.) of David’s guard 2 S 8:18; 15:18; 20:7, 23; 1 K 1:38, 44; 1 Ch 18:17.

פֶּן־₁₃₃ (always with Makkeph except Gn 38:23; 44:34 Dt 7:25; 32:27 [not Gi], Is 27:3 Pr 25:8: Mandelkern ^{Conc. s. v.}) conj. (averting, or deprecating), lest (origin dub.: Thes Kö ^{ii. 334} from פָּנָה, proposes subst. cstr. in accus. for the aversion of; but פָנָה is intrans.: Nö^{M. 474} cps. the enclitic particle פּוֹן in 𝔗, then, ἄν, ‘etwa,’ thinking that a part. with the meaning ‘es möchte etwa,’ spoken in a tone of alarm, might readily acquire a deprecatory force);—lest:

1. with impf. Gn 3:3 ye shall not eat thereof … פֶּן־תְּמֻתוּן lest ye die, 11:4 let us build a city פֶּן־נָפוּץ lest we be scattered, 19:15, 17, 19; 38:23; 45:11 Ex 1:10; 23:29, 33 etc., 2 K 10:23 (sq. יֵשׁ), Is 6:10; 27:3; 28:22; 48:5, 7 ψ 2:12; 7:3 etc.; often after הִששָּׁמֶר־לְךָ take heed to thyself Gn 24:6; 31:24, and especially in Dt, as 4:9, 23; 6:12; 8:11 al.; after a vb. of fearing Gn 32:12, and once, even, of swearing Ju 15:12; deprecating pathetically, Gn 44:34 how shall I go up, etc.? lest I look upon the evil that will befal my father. Once, unusually, preceding the principal clause, Pr 5:6 אֹרַח חַיִּים פֶּן־תְּפַלֵּס lest she should make level the path of life, her ways are unstable, etc. (Ew Be Now; v. also Toy). Note especially a. the idiom פֶּן־ (אָמַרְתִּי) כִּי אָמַר for he (I) said, Lest …, implying always that some precaution has been taken to avert the dreaded contingency, †Gn 26:9 for I said, Lest I die on account of her (to obviate which, Isaac had called Rebecca his sister), 31:31; 38:11; 42:4 Ex 13:17; Nu 16:34; 1 S 13:19; 27:11 (לֵאמֹר), ψ 38:17; with כי אמר implied Gn 26:7; cf. with an aposiop., 3:22 and now, lest he put forth his hand, etc. (implying that measures are taken to prevent this, see v 23): cf. Tob 8:9. b. פֶּזִ־ at the beginning of a sentence, with a dissuasive force, (Beware) lest: †Is 36:18 פֶּן־יַסִּית אֶתְכֶם חזקיהו (beware) lest H. deceive you (‖ 2 K 18:32, כִּי), Ex 34:15; Dt 29:17^(×2) (sq. יֵשׁ), Je 51:46; Jb 32:13; 36:18.

2. with Pf., the result feared being conceived as having possibly already taken place; †2 S 20:6 pursue after him, פֶּן־מָצָא לוֹ … וְהִצִּיל lest he have found him fenced cities, etc. (but the tense of והציל makes יִמְצָא prob., Dr^Sm Bu Kö ^{iii. 486}), 2 K 2:16 פֶּן־נְשָׂאוֹ רוּחַ י׳ וַיַּשְׁלִכֵהוּ וגו׳.

† פַּנַּג n.[m.] unknown word, appar. some kind of food; חִטֵּי מִנִּית וּפ׳ וּדְבַשׁ וגו׳ Ez 27:17; Vrss conject.; Co proposes וְדוֹנַג, so Hoffm ^{Ph. Inschr. 15} Krae Berthol (‘perhaps’).

פָּנָה₁₃₅ vb. turn (NH id.; Syriac ܦܢܳܐ, 𝔗 פְּנָא; Ethiopic ፈነወ: Arabic فَنِى pass away, banish; cf.Sab. פנה (variously) e.g. CIS ^{iv. Nos. 1, 37, 40}; Assyrian pânu, face, Ph. פנם, MI 13, 18 לפני, sf. מפני l ¹⁹);—

Qal₁₁₇ Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Je 6:4 +, 2 ms. פָּנִיתָ 2 S 9:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְנֶה 1 S 13:17 +, וַיִּ֫פֶן Ex 2:12 +, 3 fs. וַתֵּ֫פֶן 1 K 10:13, 1 s. וָאֵ֫פֶן Dt 9:15; 10:5, 1 pl. וַנֵּ֫פֶן 2:1 +, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּנֵה ψ 25:16 +, etc.; Inf. abs. פָּנֹה Hg 1:9; cstr. לִפְנוֹת Gn 24:63 +, etc.; Pt. פֹּנֶה Dt 29:17 +, etc.;— 1. †a. turn toward, אֶל pers., lit., Ju 6:14; Is 13:14 = Je 50:16; Jb 21:5 (i.e. attentively); cf. of branches Ez 17:6 (in allegory); c. עַל of direction Gn 24:49; fig. c.> אֶל־י׳ (in worship), Is 45:22, other gods Ho 3:1; Dt 31:18, 20; Lv 19:4; for help Lv 19:31; 20:6; Jb 5:1; אֶל־אָוֶן 36:21; c. acc. הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִפְנֶה Ez 10:11; c. ה loc. 1 K 17:3; Dt 2:3 (+ לָכֶם dat. eth.), Ct 6:1; c. דֶּרֶךְ 1 S 13:18;^(×2) Jb 24:18, אֶל־ד׳ Ju 20:42; 1 S 13:17; fig. לְדֶרֶךְ Is 53:6; 56:11; c. acc. כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶה 1 S 14:47, so, + שָׁם, fig. 1 K 2:3, i.e. whatever thou undertakest, אֶל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר יִפְנֶה Pr 17:8. †b. turn from, מִן loc. Gn 18:22, fig., of heart, c.מֵעִם י׳ Dt 29:17, abs. = turn away 30:17; in phr. פ׳ עֹרֶף turn (with the back (cf. ראה עֹרֶף Je 18:17), + לִפְנֵי, Jos 7:12 (of flight), fig., + אֶל־י׳, Je 2:27; 32:33. c. turn and do a thing, Ex 7:23; 32:15; Nu 14:25 (E) 21:33 (JE) Dt 1:7, 24; Ju 18:21;s 1 K 10:13 + 17 times; to do a thing (inf.) †Ec 2:12. †d. turn, decline, of day Je 6:4, days of life ψ 90:9. †e. turn toward, approach, of evening, לִפְנוֹת עָ֑רֶב Gn 24:63; Dt 23:12; of morning, לִפ׳ (הַ)בֹּקֶר Ex 14:27; Ju 19:26 ψ 46:6 (fig.). †2. a. turn and look, look, lit., אֶל pers. Nu 12:10; 2 Ch 20:24; 26:20, וַיִּפֶן כֹּה וָכֹה Ex 2:12; c. לְמָ֑עְלָה Is 8:21; abs. look (back) 2 Ch 13:14; c. אַחֲרֵי look behind one (and see, or say), Jos 8:20; Ju 20:40; 2 S 1:7; 2:20; 2 K 2:24, look after another Ez 29:16 (fig. for seek alliance with); c. אֶל of direction Ex 16:10; Nu 17:7. b. of inanimate things, face, c. אֶל loc. Jos 15:7, usually of facing points of compass, c. ה loc. 1 K 7:25^(×4) = 2 Ch 4:4;^(×4), Jos 15:2; Ez 8:3; 46:19, but also c. קָדִים 43:17; 44:1; 46:1, 2; 47:9, cf. 43:1. c. especially fig. look at, אֶל־ pers., regard, (1) graciously 2 S 9:8; of י׳ Ez 36:9; Lv 26:9; 2 K 13:23 ψ 40:5, + חָנַן 25:16; 69:17; 86:16; 119:132; c. אֶל־תְּפִלָּה 1 K 8:28 = 2 Ch 6:19, ψ 102:18, אֶל־מִנְחָה Nu 16:15; Mal 2:13; (2) sternly, אֶל־קְשִׁי הָעָם Dt 9:27. d. look for (אֶל rei) = except Hg 1:9. e. fig. look at, consider (+ ב) Jb 6:28; Ec 2:11.—2 Ch 25:23 v. פִּנָּה.

†Pi. Pf. 3 ms. פִּנָּה Zp 3:15, etc.; Imv. mpl. פַּנּוּ Is 40:3 + 2 times;—turn away, put out of the way, c. acc. pers. Zp 3:15 (‖ הֵסִיר); hence make clear, c. acc. הַבַּיִת, i.e. clear away things scattered about, make orderly, Germ. ‘aufräumen,’ Gn 24:31; empty it Lv 14:36; fig., c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ make clear, free from obstacles, Is 40:3; 57:14; 62:10 Mal 3:1; acc. om. clear away (ground) before it, i.e. to plant it ψ 80:10 (fig.).

†Hiph. (especially Je) Pf. 3 ms. הִפְנָה Je 48:39, 3 fs. הִפְנְתָה 49:24, etc.; Impf. וַיֶּ֫פֶן Ju 15:4; Inf. cstr. sf. הַפְנֹתוֹ 1 S 10:9; Pt. מַפְנֶה Na 2:9;— 1. turn, c. acc. וַיֶּפֶן זָנָב אֶל־זָנָב Ju 15:4, עֹרֶף Je 48:39 (cf.> הפך Jos 7:8), שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת 1 S 10:9. 2. make a turn, shew (signs of) turning, + נָסוּ Je 46:21, לָנוּס 49:24; opp. נָסוּ 46:5, cf. Na 2:9; + אֶל pers. 47:3.

†Hoph. Imv. mpl. הָפְנוּ Je 49:8 (Ges^{§ 46 a, N.}) be ye turned back! (in flight, + נֻסוּ); Pt. מָפְנֶה צָפ֫וֹנָה Ez 9:2 the gate … which is faced northward (cf. Qal 2 b).

[פָּנֶה] pl. פָּנִים ₂₁₂₃ n.m. Pr 25:23 and (Ez 21:21 = edge; on 2 S 10:9 v. infr.) f. face, also faces (as turned toward one);—pl. abs. פָּנִים Gn 32:31 +; cstr. פְּנֵי 2 S 14:32 +; sf. 1 s. פָּנַי Gn 43:3 +; 3 ms. פָּנָיו Gn 4:5 +, פָּנֵ֑ימוֹ ψ 11:7 (Kö^{ii. 1, 446}); 2 mpl. פְּנֵיכֶם Gn 40:7 +, etc.;—usually c. vb. pl., Gn 4:5, 6; Ex 33:14 +; c. vb. sg. La 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, Ges^{§ 146 a}), Pr 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, v. פֶּה);—

I. 1. face, faces (Je 30:6; Ez 27:35 +, cf. 1:6; 10:14, 21 etc.): a. lit., of man Gn 43:31; 2 S 19:5; 1 K 19:13; Lv 13:41; Dn 8:18; 10:9, 15 +; עוֹר פ׳ Ex 34:29, 30, 35; pale (from alarm) Is 29:22; Je 30:6, flushed Is 13:8;Ez 21:3, cf. Na 2:11; Jo 2:6; tearful Is 25:8; Jb 16:16; sad, פ׳ רעים Gn 40:7, cf.Ne 2:2, 3, also רֹעַ פ׳ Ec 7:3 i.e. sadness; יֵיטִב פ׳ Pr 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Gn 4:5, 6 why is thy face fallen (in displeasure), cf. 1 S 1:18 (reading נָֽפְלָה, נָֽפְלוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ez 7:18; whence fig. of confusion, discomfiture Je 51:51 ψ 69:8; 83:17, etc. b. of י׳ Ex 33:20, cf. v 23. c. פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gn 32:31, cf. Ju 6:22, knowing Dt 34:10, judging Ez 20:35, speaking Ex 33:11, and so פ׳ בְּפ׳ Dt 5:4; נִתְרָאֶה פָּנִים 2 K 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, cf. v 11 = 2 Ch 25:17, 21. d. of relations with י׳: הֵרִים פ׳ Ezr 9:6, in worship (v. also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Je 2:27; 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); נָתַן פ׳ לִדְרוֹשׁ י׳ 2 Ch 20:3; נָתַן אֶת־פ׳ אֶל־אֲדֹנָי Dn 9:3; הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ez 2:4. e. of י׳ himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִים מִכֶּם 2 Ch 30:9; פְּנֵי י׳ בְּעֹשֵׂי רָ֑ע ψ 34:17; גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ 80:17.—Vid. further sub 7. 2. a. = presence, person, of י׳ Ex 33:14, 15, בְּפָנָיו Dt 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Is 63:9; לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, v. לֶחֶם; of י׳ in anger La 4:16 ψ 21:10; 139:7; of Absalom; 2 S 17:11; in weakened sense, nearly = sf. (cf. נפשׁ 4 a), ψ 42:12; 43:5 Pr 7:15. †b. c. ראה technically, see one’s face, i.e. appear before one, in one’s presence: before a man Gn 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of פ׳), (God, c. יראה pointed as Niph., v. II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gn 43:3, 5; 44:23, 26, king Ex 10:28^(×2) cf. v 29 (all J), 2 S 14:24^(×2), 28, 32 cf. 3:13^(×2); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25;Est 1:14; implying favour of person seen, man Gn 33:10 (J), God v 10, cf. Jb 33:26 (Hiph.), and, c. חזה, ψ 11:7; 17:15. 3. face of seraphim Is 6:2, cherubim Ex 25:20^(×2) = 37:9^(×2), Ez 1:8, 11; 2 Ch 3:13 +. 4. face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצֹּאן Gn 30:40; פ׳ אַרְיֵה וּפ׳ שׁוֹר ופ׳ נֶשֶׁר Ez 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), cf. 10:14; פ׳ אַרְיֵה also 1 Ch 12:8 (fig.), פ׳־כְפִיר Ez 41:19; פִּתְחֵי פ׳ Jb 41:6 of crocodile. 5. face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gn 2:6; 4:14; 7:4 ψ 104:30 +, so פ׳ הָאָרֶץ Gn 1:29; 7:3; 8:9; 11:4, 8, 9; 19:28; Is 24:1, פ׳ תֵבֵל Is 14:21; 27:6; of a field; Pr 24:31; פ׳ תְהוֹם Gn 1:2^(×2) Jb 38:30, פ׳ הַמַּיִם Gn 7:18; פ׳ רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם 1:20; פ׳־כִסֵּה Jb 26:9 i.e. of God’s throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); פ׳ הַלּוֹט Is 25:7 v. [לוּט]; פ׳ לְבוּשׁוֹ Jb 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile’s] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ez 41:14; 47:1, פ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ 41:21; of gate 40:6, 20, 22; 42:15; 43:4; of chamber 40:44^(×2), 45, 46; of pot (סִיר) Je 1:13; פ׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 S 10:9 battle-front = 1 Ch 19:10 (vb. agrees with הַמּ׳ in gender, Ges^{§ 146 a}); = van of locust-army Jo 2:20 (opp. סֹפוֹ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ez 21:21, of axe Ec 10:10; = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Pr 27:23; פ׳ הַדָּבָר 2 S 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair. 6. as adv.loc. מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֹר 2 S 10:9 before and behind = פ׳ וְא׳ 1 Ch 19:10, also Ez 2:10; 2 Ch 13:14; פְּנֵי toward Ct 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of 2 Ch 20:16 (v. לִפְנֵי d infr.); לְפָנִים forward Je 7:24 (opp. לְאָחוֹר); מִלִּפְנִים 1 K 6:29 v. פְּנִימָה; adv.temp. לְפָנִים formerly Dt 2:12, 20; Jos 11:10; Ju 1:10, 11, 23 + 12 times; מִלְּפָנִים Is 41:26 from beforetime (‖ מֵרֹאשׁ). 7. for other phrases see: אוֹר vb. Hiph. 5; אוֹר n. 10; בּוֹשׁ Hiph.; בקשׁ Pi. 3; בּשֶׁת 1, p. 102; [הַכָּרָה], p. 648; הָדַר 2; וָעַם Niph.; וָעַף 1; חָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָדָה; I. חָוַר; חָזַק Pi. 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph.; יְשׁוּעָה 3, p. 447; כּוּן Hiph. 3; כִּפֶּר 1, p. 497; כָּסָה Pi. 1, 2; מָאוֹר, p. 22; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא, p. 673; [נָבַט] Hiph. 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph.; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph. 5; נָשָׂא 1 b (3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph. 1 a; סָתַר Hiph. 2; סֵתֶר 2 a; עַז, עָזַז Hiph.; עָמַד Hiph. 6 a; ii. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi.; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph.; שִׁית; II. שָׁנָה Pi.; תֹּפֶת I. עֵבֶר 2.

II. פְּנֵי, with prepositions:— 1. אֶל־פְּנֵי: a. to the presence of, Ex 23:17 pregn. יֵרָאֶה … אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאָדוֹן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) י׳ (‖ 34:23 אֶת־פְּנֵי הָא׳); c. יָצָא = to confront 2 Ch 19:2. b. to the front of, after a vb. of motion, Lv 6:7 הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ … אֶל־פְּנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, 9:5; 16:2 Nu 17:8; 20:10. c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל: see p. 41), Ez 41:4, 12, 15, 25; 42:2, 3, 7, 10, 13; 45:7; 48:21. d. on to the surface of, Lv 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח … אֶל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, Ez 16:5. †2. אֶת־פְּנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence a. in the presence of, 1 S 2:11 אֶת־פ׳ עֵלִי 1 K 12:6 who stood אֶת־פ׳ שְׁלֹמֹה (cf. לִפְנֵי 10:8), Est 1:10; Pr 17:24; pregn. (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., 𝔖 𝔗 We Dr al.) 1 S 22:4. Spec. אֶת־פְּנֵי י׳ Gn 19:13 (1 S 2:17), v 27 1 S 2:18; and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Ex 34:23 יֵרָאֶה כָּל־זְכוּרְךָ אֶת־פ׳ הָאָדֹן, v 24 Dt 16:16 (cf. Dr), 31:11; 1 S 1:22 (‖אל־פ׳ י׳ Ex 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Ex 23:15 = 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Is 1:12, פָנֶיךָ ψ 42:3 (according to many, as Ges^Thes Di Ex 23:15 Che Is 1:12, crit. n., the vb. in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph. to avoid the expression see the face of י׳); אֶת־פָּנֶיךָ in thy presence ψ 16:11; 21:7; 140:14. b. in front of, Gn 33:18 וַיִּחַן אֶת־פ׳ הָעִיר, Lv 4:6 לִפְנֵי י׳ אֶת־פ׳ פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, v 17.—מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, v. II. אֵת 4 a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: †(a) in the face of, mostly in partic. phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Nu 12:14; Dt 25:9; התיצב to make a stand Dt 7:24; 11:25, and עמד Jos 10:8, לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ 21:42; 23:9; עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Ho 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, 7:10; Jb 16:8; וְנָקֹטּוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ez 6:9, so 20:43; 36:31. †(b) in front of, Ez 42:12. 4. לִפְנֵי, proposes at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Gn 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Ex 4:21; 11:10; 2 S 2:14; Pr 17:18 + often; after a vb. of motion, Gn 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם לפני פ׳ and set them before Ph., 27:20 כִּי הִקְרָה י׳ לפני lit. made (it) to meet before me (cf. 24:12), Ex 29:10; Pr 18:16 etc. In partic., a. With the implication of (a) under the eye or oversight of, Dt 25:2; 1 S 3:1. (b) under the eye and regard of, Gn 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ, Ho 6:2; Is 53:2 ψ 61:8; cf. Je 30:20; 31:36; Is 66:22 ψ 102:29: also 1 S 2:28; 2 S 19:14. (c) fig. for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gn 6:13 קֵץ כָּל־בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, La 1:22 תָּבֹא כָל־רָעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ, Jon 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (cf. אֶל Gn 18:21; Ex 2:23), Is 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Je 2:22 נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי (cf. נֶגְדִּי Is 47:12). (d) openly before, 1 S 12:2 הִתְהַלֵּךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collat. idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 2:35, especially לפני י׳ Gn 17:1 al. (v. p. 236a). (e) in presence of the moon or sun, ψ 72:5, 17, i.e. as long as they endure. (f) free before, at the disposal of, Gn 13:9 הֲלֹא כָל־הָאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (cf. 20:15; 34:10; 47:6; Je 40:4; 2 Ch 14:6), 24:51; Ct 8:12. (g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gn 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, 10:9 a mighty hunter before י׳, Dt 24:4 תּוֹעֵבָה ל׳ י׳, v 13 צְדָקָה ל׳ י׳, 1 S 20:1b, אָרוּר ל׳ י׳ Jos 6:26; 1 S 26:19, לְרָצוֹן ל׳ י׳ acceptable before י׳, Lv 1:3 +, ψ 19:15; 2 K 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Pr 14:12 ψ 143:2; וַיִּיטַב ל׳ (late syn. of earlier בְּעֵינֵי) †Ne 2:5, 6; Est 5:14; טוֹב ל׳ Ec 2:26; 7:26; cf. also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, v. רַחֲמִים. (h) לִפְנֵי י׳, spec. of acts done with a solemn sense of י׳’s presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gn 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before י׳, before I die, Ex 18:12 to eat bread before God, Dt 1:45 ye wept before י׳, 6:25; 12:7 (to eat, so v 18 14:23, 26; 15:20), v 12 (rejoice, so v 18 27:7; Is 9:2), Jos 18:6; 24:1; Ju 11:11; 20:23, 26; 21:2; 1 S 7:6; 10:19; 11:15; 12:7; 15:33; 23:18; 2 S 5:3; 7:18; 21:9; and constantly in P, as Ex 16:9, 33, 34; Lv 1:5, 11; 3:1, 7 etc.; of residents in Jerus. Is 23:18. So in הָלַךְ ל׳ י׳ 1 K 2:4 al. (v. p. 234^b c). b. In other phrases:—(a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Dt 1:38 al. (v. עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לְפְנֵי 1 S 19:7 (cf. 29:8), 2 K 5:2; עָבַד ל׳ 2 S 16:19. (b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gn 23:12; Dt 26:10; 2 K 18:22 al. (v. sub שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1 S 1:12 +; cf. הלך לפני 1 K 12:30; 1 Ch 21:30. (c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; v. נָגַף Niph. [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: infr. 6 a]. So with נָפַל 1 S 14:13; נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Dt, as 1:8, 21; 7:2, 23; Jos 10:12; 11:6 + (Dr ^{Dt lxxxii}): cf. Ju 4:15; 2 S 5:20; Is 45:1; Je 1:17. (d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as ע׳ בִּפְנֵי, supr. 3), Ex 9:11; Ju 2:14; 2 K 10:4; Je 49:19 ψ 76:8; 147:17; Na 1:6; so with הִתְיַצֵּב Dt 9:2; Jos 1:5; Jb 41:2, קוּם Jos 7:12, 13. (e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1 Ch 14:8; 2 Ch 14:9. (f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Gn 18:8; 24:33 +. (g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Dt Je), Dt 4:8; 11:26, 32; 30:1, 15, 19; 1 K 9:6 (D²), Je 9:12; 21:8; 26:4; 44:10; Dn 9:10, cf. Ez 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Ex 19:7; 21:1. c. With reference to position: (a) in front of, before, especially with vbs. of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gn 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Ex 17:5; 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Ex 13:21, 22; Nu 10:33; Is 52:12; 58:8 +; 2 S 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gn 32:18; of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1 S 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr), Is 8:4; 40:10 = 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֹ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Am 9:4; La 1:5, 6. (b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Dt 10:11; Ju 9:39; 1 S 8:20; Mi 1:13 al.; cf. בא ויצא לפני (העם) Nu 27:17; 1 S 18:13, 16; 2 Ch 1:10; Ec 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was. (c) denoting superiority, before, above, Gn 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם את־אפרים לפני מנשׁה, Jb 34:19. d. Of places (not very common): Ex 14:2 before Pi-haḥiroth …, before Baal-ẓephon, Nu 33:7b; Gn 23:17 אשׁר ל׳ מַמְרֵא (usually על פני מ׳: v. 7 a d), 1 Ch 19:7; Ne 8:1, 3; before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Ex 16:34 + ל׳ הָעֵדֻת, 30:6 + ל׳ הַפָּרֹכֶת, 40:5, 6; Nu 3:38; 7:10 al. (all P), 1 K 6:20(?), 21; 7:49 +. e. Of time, before: Am 1:1 לפני הָרָֽעַשׁ׃ before the earthquake, Gn 29:26; 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Ex 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Nu 13:22; 1 K 16:25, 30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Is 43:10; 48:7; Pr 8:25; Jb 15:7 etc. Sq. inf., Gn 13:10 לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י׳ before י׳’s destroying, etc., 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֹתִי, 36:31; 1 S 9:15 +. Once, in late Heb., לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Ne 13:4. f. In the manner of, like (rare and dub.), 1 S 1:16 אַל־תִּתֵּן אֶת־אֲמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַת־בִּלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Jb 3:24 like my food, 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (cf. Lat. pro). 5. מִלִּפְנֵי₇₃ from before:— a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; v. 6): (a) Gn 41:46 ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ׳ from before Ph. 47:10; 2 K 5:27; 6:32 +; מל׳ י׳ Gn 4:6 Cain went forth from before י׳, Jon 1:3, 10; spec. of the sanctuary, Lv 9:24 ותצא אשׁ מלפני י׳ (so 10:2), קֶצֶף Nu 17:11 (cf. 2 Ch 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Lv 16:12; Nu 17:24; 20:9; 1 S 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before י׳; from before a place 1 K 8:54; Ezr 10:6 2 Ch 1:13. (b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gn 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, v 3 Ex 36:3; Dt 17:18 וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל׳ הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, 28:31 גָּזוּל מלפניך. (c) with בקשׁ Est 4:8 [cf. מִן קֳדָם Dn 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Est 1:19 [cf. Dn 2:15], Ec 10:5; 1 Ch 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (cf. Acts 3:19); ψ 17:2 מלפניך יֵצֵא משׁפטי. (d) of cutting off, etc., from before י׳ (cf. לִפְנֵי a b, c), Lv 22:3; 1 K 8:25 לֹא־יִכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ מִלְּפָנַי, Je 31:36; 33:18; Is 48:19: ψ 51:13 אַל־תַּשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנֶיךָ (cf. 8 a); Je 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, 18:23; Ne 3:37. (e) of expelling from before an invader, Ex 23:28; Dt 9:4; 11:23; 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי). †b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with vbs. of fearing, 1 S 18:12; Ec 3:14; 8:12, 13; 1 Ch 16:30 חִילוּ מִלְּפָנָיו [‖ ψ 96:9 מפניו], ψ 114:7^(×2); Est 7:6; 2 Ch 32:7 (+ מפני); failing, etc., Is 57:16 ψ 97:5; being humbled, 1 K 21:29 (+ מפני), 2 Ch 32:12, 23; 34:27 [‖ 2 K 22:19 מפני], 36:12; crying for help 1 S 8:18 [cf. מפני Ex 3:7], singing 1 Ch 16:33 [‖ ψ 96:13 לפני], fleeing 19:18 [‖ 2 S 10:18 מִפְּנֵי]. †c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Ec 1:10. With later usages of מל׳, cf. מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and 𝔗 (Dr^{Sm lxx–lxxi, lxxiii}); v. also Kö^{ii. 320}. Cp. מִלְּפָנִים Is 41:26 (‖מֵרֹאשׁ). 6. מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Ex 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removed from before them, Is 30:11; Ho 11:2; so a. (often with suggestion of causation (v. מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Ju 9:21; 1 S 21:11; 23:26; Je 35:11^(×2); 37:11; 41:9; 50:16]) after vbs. of hiding Gn 3:8; 4:14; Is 2:10 (cf. v 19, 21); and especially of escaping, Ju 9:21 (Thes ‘bene 𝔙 ob metum A.’), 1 S 18:11; 19:10; 23:26, or fleeing, Ex 4:3; 14:25; 1 S 17:24 + often (v. בָּרַח and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Ex 23:30 אֲגָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, 34:11, 24 אוֹרִישׁ גּוֹיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (v. הוֹרִישׁ), Lv 18:24; Dt 8:20; Am 2:9 ψ 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel’s sake: cf. Is 63:12 בּוֹקֵעַ מַיִם מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Jos 2:10; 4:23). Pregn. Is 17:9 כַּעֲזוּבַת … אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר׳ which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc. b. implying causation more distinctly, ψ 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at thy presence, Dt 7:20: very often with vbs. of fearing, as נור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Ex 9:30; Nu 22:3^(×2); Dt 1:17; Je 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Dt 5:5; 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Gn 45:3; Jos 2:9; Je 1:17; Jb 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Ex 10:3; Ju 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zp 1:7; Hb 2:20; Ju 5:5 the mts. flowed מפני י׳ at the presence of י׳, Is 63:19; Je 4:26; Na 1:5, ψ 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Dt 20:19; Is 19:1; 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך,—implying that their state was due to י׳); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gn 31:35; Lv 19:32. (N.B. In a, b, freq. rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Heb.) c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote: (a) Gn 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), 27:46 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, 41:31; 47:13; Ex 3:7 their cry by reason of their task-masters, 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, 9:11; Jos 2:11; 23:3; Ju 2:18; 6:6; 1 K 5:17; 8:11; + often; Is 10:27 (RVm), Je 15:17 ψ 38:4, 6, etc.; Je 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, 7:12; 9:6; 13:17; 14:16; 23:9 + often (b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Lat. prae), 1 K 8:11 Jb 37:19. †(c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conj., twice, because that, Ex 19:18; Je 44:23.—Nu 33:8 v. פִּי הַחִירֹת. 7. עַל־פְּנֵי (cf. Ph. עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lzb³⁵²) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the prep.:— a. From the sense of face or front: (a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): ψ 18:43 as dust before the wind (cf. לפני 35:5; 83:14 +), Gn 32:22 the present passed on על־פניו in front of him, Ex 33:19 אעביר כל־טוּבי על־פניך, 2 S 15:18, 23 (read על־פניו: v. Dr), Jb 4:15; = in the sight of, Lv 10:3 ועל־פני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Je 6:7 עַל־פָּנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, 13:26 (cf. Na 3:5), ψ 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים על־פניך before thee: defiantly, Jb 1:11 אם־לא על־ פניך יְרָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face, 6:28 ועל־פניכם אם אֲכַזֵּב, 21:31; to die in the presence of any one (= in his lifetime) †Gn 11:28; Nu 3:4. (b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Dt 21:16, and perhaps (Ew^{§ 217 l}) Ex 20:3 (Dt 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים על־פני (Thes al. as c). (c) in addition to, Jb 16:14 פֶּרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי־פֶרֵץ יִפְרְצֵנִי. (d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: v. GFM Ju., p. 351) = east of, 1 K 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v 3 7:6; 8:8; 2 Ch 3:17; Ez 42:3; Gn 16:12 על־פני כל־אחיו ישׁכן (cf. 25:18b), perhaps (Di al.) with collateral idea of defiance; עַל־פ׳ מַמְרֵא 23:19 (50:13), Ex 16:14; often in אשׁר על־פני … Gn 25:9 (49:30), מצרים v 18a (Jos 13:3 1 S 15:7), Nu 21:11; 33:7a, ירחו Dt 32:49 (34:1), Jos 13:3, 25; 15:8 (18:16), 17:7; 18:14; 19:11; Ju 16:3; 1 S 24:3 (prob.), 26:1, 3; 2 S 2:24; 1 K 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, E. of Jerus.; so 2 K 23:13; Zc 14:4), 17:3, 5.—Gn 1:20 let fowl fly על־פני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, viz. as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (e) with vbs. implying direction, over towards, Gn 18:16 וישׁקף על־פני סדם, 19:28; Nu 21:20 (23:28) נשׁקפה על־פני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Lv 16:14; in a hostile sense (rare), Na 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַל־פָּנַיִךְ, ψ 21:13; Ez 32:10. b. From the sense of surface, Gn 1:2 על־פני תהום upon the face of the deep, Ex 16:14 על־פ׳ המדבר: often in the phrases הארץ (כל) על־פני Gn 1:29; 7:3; 11:4, and (more freq.) על־פני האדמה on the face of the ground 6:1; 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lv 17:5; Nu 19:16; 1 S 14:25 +; after vbs. of motion, 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v 8, 9; Ex 32:20; Lv 14:7 (v 53 אל), Is 18:2; 19:8; Am 5:8; Ez 32:4; Jb 5:10 +. 8. מֵעַל־פְּנֵי: a. from before the face of, Gn 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֹ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; †(פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in K Je of the rejection of Isr. or the temple, as with שִׁלַּח 1 K 9:7 (‖ 2 Ch 7:20 השׁליך), Je 15:1, השׁליך 2 K 13:23; 24:20 (Je 52:3), Je 7:15, נטשׁ Je 23:39, הסיר 2 K 17:18, 23; 23:27; 24:3; Je 32:31. b. from off the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., †Gn 4:14; 6:7; 7:4; 8:8; Ex 32:12; Dt 6:15; 1 S 20:15; 1 K 9:7; 13:34; Am 9:8; Je 28:16; Zp 1:2, 3.

† פְּנִ֫ימָה adv. (ה loc.) 1. towards the (in-) side. 2. within (lit. faceward, from point of view of one entering by opposite door);—of a building, usually temple:

1. after vb. of motion Lv 10:18; 2 Ch 29:18, and (after הִגִּיד) 2 K 7:11, also לִפ׳ Ez 41:3; 2 Ch 29:16.

2. פ׳ 1 K 6:18, also לִפ׳ v 30, so read also v 29 (for MT מִלִּפְנִים, v. Kmp^Kau Kit Benz), Ez 40:16^(×2), also ψ 45:14 MT, i.e. within the house, but Krochm Gr Che al. (plausibly) פְּנִינִים, q.v.; מִפּ׳ 1 K 6:19, 21 = 2 Ch 3:4.

פְּנִימִי₃₂ adj. inner;—פ׳ 1 K 6:27 +; f. פְּנִימִית v 36 +; mpl. פְּנִימִים 1 Ch 28:11; fpl. פְּנִימִיּוֹת 2 Ch 4:22;—always c. art., and always of parts of building, usually temple: 1 K 6:27; 7:12 +; especially Ez 8:3, 16; 10:3 + 21 times 40–46; as subst. בַּפְּנִימִי 41:17 on the inside (but dub., v. Co al.); אֶל־הַפְּנִימִית 42:4 toward the inside (del. 𝔊 𝔖 Co Toy al.)

לִפְנָ֑י 1 K 6:17, Ew^{§ 164 a} Ke as adj., anterior, but read, with 𝔊, לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר Th Sta Kit al..

† פְּנוּאֵל n.pr. (face of God, cf. GFM Ju 8:8; late Assyrian Panîli Hilpr^{Univ. Pa. Exp. ix. 68});—Φανουηλ, but in Gn εἶδος (τοῦ) Θεοῦ:

1. loc. E. of Jordan, near Jabboḳ Gn 32:32 Ju 8:8^(×2), 9, 17 1 K 12:25 = פְּנִיאֵל Gn 32:31: site unknown; v. especially Paine^{Bib. Sac. 1878, 481 ff.}

2. m. a. in Judah 1 Ch 4:4. b. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:25 Qr (Kt פניאל).

יְפֻנֶּה₁₆ n.pr.m. (on form cf. Lag^{BN 134});—

1. father of Caleb Nu 13:6; 14:6; Jos 14:6, 13; 1 Ch 4:15 + 10 times, Ιεφοννη.

2. Asherite 1 Ch 7:38, Ιφινα, A Ιεφιηλ, 𝔊L Ιεφοννη.

פִּֽנְחָס v. פִּינְחָס.

פְּנוּאֵל, פְּנִיאֵל v. פנה.

פניים v. פְּנִינִים.

פָּנִים etc., v. פנה.

פנן (√ of foll.; appar. ‖ form of פנה).

פִּנָּה₂₈ n.f. corner;—abs. פ׳ 2 K 14:13 +, cstr. פִּנַּת Je 31:40 +; sf. פִּנָּתָהּ Jb 38:9, פִּנָּהּ Pr 7:8 (Ges^{§ 91 e}); pl. פִּנּוֹת abs. Zp 1:16 2 Ch 26:15, פִּנִּים Zc 14:10; cstr. פִּנּוֹת 1 K 7:34 +, etc.;—

1. a. corner, of square objects 1 K 7:34 + v 30 (read פִּנּוֹתָיו for פַּעֲמֹתָיו, cf. Kit), Ex 27:2; 38:2; Ez 43:20; 45:19; of house Jb 1:19, roof Pr 7:12; 21:9 = 25:24; אֶבֶן לְפ׳ Je 51:26 i.e. a corner-stone; אֶבֶן פ׳ of earth Jb 38:9; cf. (fig.) ψ 118:22, and (אבן om.) Is 28:16; פ׳ = street-corner 2 Ch 28:24. b. specif. of wall of Jerus., Ne 3:24 (in SE.), v 31, 32 (NE.); שַׁעַר הַפּ׳ 2 K 14:13 + ‖ 2 Ch 25:23 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 and most (for MT שׁ׳ הַפּוֹנֶה), + (v. שַׁעַר); הַפִּנּוֹת appar. with battlements 2 Ch 26:15; of cities in gen. הַפּ׳ הַגְּבֹהוֹת Zp 1:16; of the nations 3:6.

2. fig. of chief, ruler as corner (support or defence), Ju 20:2; 1 S 14:38; Is 19:13 (read perhaps pl.); Zc 10:4 (+ יָתֵד q.v.).

† פְּנִינִים n.[f.]pl. corals (? as branching, cf. Arabic فَنَنٌ branch of tree; so Mich Thes al.; > pearls Bo^{Hieroz. 601} Di Jb after Ra al.);—פ׳ fig. of value Pr 20:15; usu.מִפּ׳, comp. Jb 28:18; Pr 3:15 (Kt מפניים), 8:11; 31:10 (all of value), La 4:7 (of red colour); + ψ 45:14 (perhaps; for פְּנִימָה, q.v.).

† פְּנִנָּה n.pr.f. (proposes sg. of foregoing?) wife of Elkanah 1 S 1:2^(×2), 4, Φεννανα.

† [פָּנַק] vb.

Pi. indulge, pamper (NH Pi.; cf. Ecclus 14:16; Arabic فَنَقَ ii.; Aramaic פנק, ܦܢܩ Pa.);—Pt. מְפַנֵּק Pr 29:21 one pampering a servant.

[פַּס] v. פסס.

פַּס דַּמִּים v. אֶפֶס ד׳.

† פָּסַג vb.

Pi. dub.; if correct, pass between (NH Pi. split, cut off, also = BH; 𝔗 פְּסַג cut in two);—Imv. mpl. פַּסְּגוּ ψ 48:14 pass between her palaces; Gr Che פִּקְדוּ; Du conj. ‘possibly’ פִּסְעוּ step, cp. [NH פָּמַסַע] Aramaic פְּסַע step, cf. [פָּשַׂע].

† פִּסְגָּה n.pr.mont. Pisgah (prob. cleft, from a natural feature of mt.; Dr Dt 3:17);—always הַפּ׳: רֹאשׁ הַפּ׳ Nu 21:20; 23:14; Dt 3:27; 34:1; אַשְׁדֹּת הַפּ׳ 3:17; 4:19; Jos 12:3; 13:20; mt. in Moab, on NE. shore of Dead Sea, exact loc. unknown (cf. Fešḫa as a cliff on NW. shore, v. Di Nu 21:20); Φασγα Dt 3:17 +, τ. λαξευτήν 4:49, Λελαξευμένου Nu 21:20 +.

[פִּסָּה] v. פסס.

† I. פָּסַח vb. pass or spring over;—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Ex 12:27, וּפ׳ consec. v 23 (J); 1 s. וּפָסַחְתִּ֫י v 13 (P), all c. עַל, of י׳ passing over (sparing) houses of Isr.; Inf. abs. פָּסוֹחַ Is 31:5 a passing over (sc. עַל־יְרוּשָׁלַםִ).

† פֶּ֫סַח n.m. passover (usually (Thes and most) from I. פסח, with reference to Ex 12:13 etc.; Reuss^{Gesch. A.T. § 58} passing over into new year; Schaefer ^{Passah-Mazzoth (1900), 346} cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, soothe, placate [deity], < be sooted, Pi. trans., Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 275} Zim^{Bab. Rel. i (1896), Gloss.; ii (1899), 92}; Schwally^{Idiot. 124} from II. פסח, of sacred dance);—abs. פ׳ Ex 12:11 +; פָּ֑סַח v 21 +; pl. פְּסָחִים 2 Ch 30:17 + 3 times;—

1. sacrifice of passover, involving communion-meal, hence a species of peace-offering (cf. i. זֶבַח II. 2), זֶבַח פ׳ הוא לי׳ Ex 12:27 (J), cf. v 11 (P); זָבַח פ׳ Dt 16:2, 5, 6; אכל הפ׳ 2 Ch 30:18; the special feature lay in the application of blood to homes to consecrate them; cf. sim. Bab. rite of purification Zim ^{ib. ii. 126–7}.

2. the animal victim of the passover: שׁחט פ׳ Ex 12:21 (J) 2 Ch 30:15; 35:1, 6, 11; Ezr 6:20, cf. 2 Ch 30:17; בשׁל הפ׳ באשׁ 2 Ch 35:13; לפסחים 2 Ch 35:7, 8, 9. [Passover animals (cf. Br^{Hex. 206}) were צֹאן flock Ex 12:21 (J), שֶׂה v 3, 4, 5, incl. כֶּבֶשׁ and עֵז v 5 (P); צאן ובקר Dt 16:2; large numbers of all these (שֶׂה not used) in Josiah’s passover, according to 2 Ch 35:7, 8, 9, but evident mingling of whole burnt-offerings for the passover with special passover victim.]

3. festival of the passover: חג הפ׳ Ex 34:25 (J); (ה)פ׳ Lv 23:5; Nu 28:16; 33:3; Jos 5:11 (P) Ez 45:21; חֻקַּת הפ׳ Ex 12:43; Nu 9:12, 14 (P); עשׂה פ׳ Ex 12:48; Nu 9:2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14; Jos 5:10 (P) Dt 16:1; 2 K 23:21, 22, 23; 2 Ch 30:1, 2, 5; 35:1, 16, 17, 18^(×2), 19; Ezr 6:19; it was held in month הָאָבִיב Dt 16:1, בָּעָ֑רֶב v 6; on 14th day Jos 5:10 (P), of 1st month Ez 45:21; בֵּין הערבים (Ex 12:6); Lv 23:5; Nu 9:5 (P); if impossible at that time, then on 14th of 2nd month Nu 9:10, 12. [No ref. to פֶּסַח in E; J subordinates it to מַצּוֹת (the great feast of JE); in D it predom. over מצות; P makes it first in importance (Br^{Hex. 195 f.}).]

† תִּפְסַח n.pr.loc. on Euphrates (prob. ford (though Lag^{BN 131} doubts); Lewy^{Fremdw. 146} cp. Λάμψακος (on Bosphorus), expl. as לַפֶּסַח);—1 K 5:4, NE. limit of Sol.’s dominion; = Gk. ΘάψακοςXenoph^{Anab. i. 4} etc.; identif. with Kal’at Dibse, at the great easterly bend of the river, c. Lat. 35° 55ˊ N, Long. 38° 20ˊ E, JPPeters^{Nation, May 23, 1889; Nippur i. 96 ff.}

† II. [פָּסַח] vb. limp (Thes sub I. פ׳, but dub.; Arabic فَسَخَ is dislocate; according to Gerber⁷³ II. פ׳ is denom. from פִּסֵּחַ [and this sub I. פ׳?]);—

Qal Pt. pl. פֹּסְחִים עַל־שְׁתֵּי הַסְּעִפִּים 1 K 18:21 fig. (v. [סְעִפָּה]).

Niph. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפֹּל וַיִּפָּסֵחַ 2 S 4:4 and he fell and was made limping (lame).

Pi. Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְפַסְּחוּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ 1 K 18:26 they went limping (along by the altar), i.e. prob. in their dance, v. Kit Pietschm^{Phön. 220} (Gr ויפסעו [= וַיִּפְשְׂעוּ] stepped).

† פָּסֵחַ n.pr.m. (limper);—

1. in Judah 1 Ch 4:12, Βεσσηε, Φεσση, etc.

2. head of post-ex. family Ezr 2:49 = Ne 7:51, Φισον, etc., 𝔊L Φασσα.

3. father of wall-builder Ne 3:6, Φασεκ, Φεσσε.

† פִּסֵּחַ adj. lame;—abs. פ׳ 2 S 9:13 +; pl. פִּסְחִים 5:6 +;—as attrib. Lv 21:18 (+ עִוֵּר); pred. 2 S 19:27, פ׳ שְׁתֵּי רַגְלָיו 9:13 lame as to both his feet; cf. also (of animal) Dt 15:21 (+ עִוֵּר); as subst. 2 S 5:6, 8;^(×2) Je 31:8; Mal 1:8, 13; Jb 29:15 (all + עִוֵּר), also Is 33:23; 35:6; Pr 26:7.

† פָּסָךְ (van d. H. פָּסַךְ) n.pr.m. Asherite 1 Ch 7:33, Βαισηχι, A Φεσηχι, 𝔊L Φασεχ.

† פָּסַל vb. hew, hew into shape (NH Pi. hew off boughs; Aramaic פְּסַל, ܦܣܰܠ = BH; Nab. פסלא stone-cutter);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. פְּסָלוֹ Hb 2:18; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְסֹל Ex 34:4, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּסָל־ Ex 34:1; Dt 10:1;—hew out stone tablets Ex 34:1, 4; Dt 10:1, 3; building-stones 1 K 5:32; c. cogn. acc. (sf. referring to פֶּסֶל) Hb 2:18.

פֶּ֫סֶל₃₁ n.m. Hb 2:18 idol, image;—abs. פ׳ Ju 17:3 +, פָּ֑סֶל Is 42:17; cstr. פֶּסֶל Ju 18:31 +; sf. פִּסְלִי Is 48:5, etc.; pl. supplied by פְּסִילִים, v. foll.;—idol, as likeness of man or animal Ex 20:4 = Dt 5:8; Dt 4:16, 23, 25, also 27:15; 2 K 21:7; 2 Ch 33:7; Is 42:17; 44:9; 48:5; Na 1:14; Hb 2:18 (of wood or stone, cf. v 19); of metal Ju 17:3, 4 + 6 times 18 (cf. GFM), Is 40:19; 44:10 (c. נָסַךְ), Je 10:14; 51:17 (c. צוֹרֵף); of wood Is 40:20; 44:15, 17; 45:20.

† [פָּסִיל₂₃] n.m. Dt 7:25 id.;—pl. (פֶּ֫סֶל serving as sg.) פְּסִילִים Ju 3:19 +; פְּסִלִים Ho 11:2 +; cstr. פְּסִילֵי Je 51:47 +; sf. פְּסִילֶיךָ Mi 5:12, etc.;—idols, Ho 11:2; Is 10:10 + 10 times, + (of wood, c. שָׂרַף) Dt 7:5, 25, so (c. גִּדַּע) 12:3; of stone Is 21:9 (c. שִׁבַּר), Ju 3:19, 26 (cf. GFM), stone or metal Mi 1:7; 2 Ch 34:7 (כִּתַּת), cf. v 3, 4; (sheathed with) silver Is 30:22.

I. פסס (√ of foll.; perhaps cp. פשׂה spread; cf. Ph.(Pu.) פס tablet; Aramaic פַסָּא, ܦܰܣܬܳܐ, = BH).

† [פַּס] n.[m.] flat of hand or foot (palm, sole);—only כְּתֹנֶת פַּסִּים tunic reaching to palms and soles (v. כ׳) Gn 37:3, 23, 32; 2 S 13:18, 19 (cf. Dr).

† [פִּסָּה] n.f. dub.; if correct, prob. abundance, plenty (? proposes spread out);—cstr. פִּסַּת בָּר ψ 72:16; Lag Gr Che al. read שִׁפְעַת.

† II. [פָּסַס] vb. disappear, vanish (si vera l., cf. Assyrian pasâsu, do away, blot out (especially sins));—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. פַּסּוּ מִן ψ 12:2 the faithful have vanished (Che Dr) from (among) … men; Lag^{Proph. Chald. xlvi} Gr We Du read אָֽפְסוּ (Is 16:4).

† פִּסְפָּה n.pr.m. Asherite 1 Ch 7:38, Φασφα(ι).

† [פָּעָה] vb. groan (onomatop. according to Thes; NH Hiph. bleat, so Arabic بعى, بغى Dozy; Aramaic פְּעָא, ܦܥܳܐ bleat);—Impf. 1 s. כַּיּוֹלֵדָה אֶפְעֶה Is 42:14 (of י׳ straining himself to deliver Isr., + אֶשֹּׁם [נשׁם], אֶשְׁאַף).—[אֶפַע] Is 41:24, v. p. 67.

† אֶפְעֶה n.[m.] a kind of viper (Thes ‘a flando et sibilando’; cf. Arabic أَفْعًى viper, Ethiopic አፍዖት: id.);—א׳ Is 30:6; 59:5, לְשׁוֹן א׳ Jb 20:16.

† פָּ֑עוּ, פָּ֑עִי n.pr.loc. in Edom, פָּ֑עוּ Gn 36:39 = פָּ֑עִי 1 Ch 1:50; Φογωρ, 𝔊L Ch Φαουα.

פָּעַל₅₇ vb. do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה) (NH פּוֹעֵל workman, cf. J Aram.; Ph. פעל = BH (often); Arabic فَعَلَ id.; Old Aramaic פעל; Syriac in der. spec. and deriv.);—

Qal Pf. 3 ms. Dt 32:27 +, פָ֫עַל אֵל Nu 23:23, 2 ms. פָּעַלְתָּ Ex 15:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְעַל Jb 22:17 +; 2 ms. תִּפְעָל־ 35:6, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְפָעֳלָם Jb 37:12 (v. infr.); Pt. act. פֹּעֵל ψ 15:2 +, pl. cstr. פֹּעֲלֵי 5:6 +, etc.;— 1. do: a. of God, c. acc. (abstr.) Nu 23:23; Dt 32:27; Jb 33:29, יְשׁוּעוֹת ψ 74:12; + ל pers. ψ 31:20; 68:29; Is 26:12 Jb 22:17; c. acc. cogn. פֹּעַלִ ψ 44:2 Hb 1:5; acc. om. Is 43:13, cf. 41:4. b. of men, c. acc. ψ 11:3 Jb 11:8, + ל pers. (God) 7:20, + ב pers. (God) 35:6; especially of doing evil, שָׁ֑קֶר Ho 7:1, עָוֶל Jb 34:32, עַוְלָה 36:23 ψ 58:3; 119:3, אָוֶן Pr 30:20, especially פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן Ho 6:8; Is 31:2 Jb 31:3; 34:8, 22 ψ 5:6 + 15 times ψ, Pr 10:29; 21:15, פֹּעֲלֵי רָע Mi 2:1; rarely of doing right, c. acc. מִשְׁפָּטוֹ Zp 2:3, צֶדֶק ψ 15:2. c. of clouds, c. acc. Jb 37:12 (disregarding—֑). 2. make: a. of God, c. acc. concr. object + ל end Pr 16:4, ל of 2nd obj. ψ 7:14; פֹּעֲלִי Jb 36:3 my Maker. b. of man, c. acc. concr. Is 44:12, 15; acc. om. 44:12 ψ 7:16.—Is 1:31 v. פֹּעַל.

פֹּ֫עַל₃₇ n.m. Pr 20:11 doing, deed, work (poet. and late, nearly = מַעֲשֶׂה);—פ׳ abs. Hb 1:1 ψ 44:2, cstr. Dt 33:11 +; sf. פָּעֳלוֹ 32:4 +, פֹּעֲלוֹ Is 1:31 (Kö^{ii. 1, 35, 493} Ges^{§ 93 q}, v. infr.), Je 22:13; פָּעָלְכֶם Is 41:24, etc.; pl. פְּעָלִים; 2 S 23:20; 1 Ch 11:22;—

1. deed, thing done: a. of God, פָּעֳלוֹ his work in providence Dt 32:4; Is 5:12; Jb 36:24; in deliverance ψ 44:2 (as acc. cogn.), 77:13 + 5 times; in judgment 64:10; 95:9, as acc. cogn. Hb 1:5. b. of false gods Is 41:24. c. of men, daily toil Jb 24:5 ψ 104:23; specif. act Ru 2:12; פ׳ יָדָיו of sacrificing Dt 33:11; pl. of achievements 2 S 23:20 = 1 Ch 11:32; action as having moral quality Jb 34:11; Pr 20:11; 24:12, 29, evil implied Je 25:14; 50:29; Jb 36:9 ψ 28:4, פ׳ כַּפָּיו 9:17; פ׳ חָמָס Is 59:6; good action Pr 21:8.

2. work, thing made: a. by hands of God Is 45:9, 11 (of men). b. by man Is 1:31 (i.e. prob. his idol Ges Che^Comm. Di al.; > read בַּעֲלוֹ Lag^{Sem. 1:5} Sta^{ZAW iii (1883), 12 f.}).

3. wages of work Je 22:13; Jb 7:2.

4. acquisition of treasures Pr 21:6.

† [פְּעֻלָּה] n.f. work, recompence (poet. and late);—cstr. פְּעֻלַּת Lv 19:13 +, sf. פְּעֻלָּתִי Is 49:4, etc.; pl. cstr. פְּעֻלּוֹת ψ 17:4, -לֹת 28:5;—

1. work: a. pl. deeds of י׳ ψ 28:5. b. of men, ψ 17:4 (pl.); toil, suffering Je 31:16; good action 2 Ch 15:7, wicked Is 65:7, פ׳ שָׁ֑קֶר Pr 11:18.

2. wages (as earned by work) Lv 19:13 Pr 10:16 (‖ תְּבוּאָה), Ez 29:20; reward (from י׳) Is 49:4; 61:8; prob. fig. of people won back by י׳ in warfare 40:10; 62:11 (‖ שָׂכָר); of punishment, ψ 109:20.

† פְּעֻלְּתַי n.pr.m. Levite 1 Ch 26:5, Ιαφθοσλααθι, A Φολλαθι, 𝔊L Φελλαθι.

† [מִפְעָל] n.[m.] work, thing made (by י׳);—pl. sf. מִפְעָלָיו Pr 8:22.

† [מִפְעָלָה] n.[f.] deed (of י׳);—pl. cstr. מִפְעֲלוֹת י׳ ψ 46:9, מ׳ אֱלֹהִים 66:5.

† [פָּעַם] vb. thrust, impel (prob. orig. strike, hit, v. deriv., and Ph. פעם foot);—

Qal Inf. cstr. sf. לְפַעֲמוֹ Ju 13:25 the spirit of י׳ began to impel him.

Niph. be disturbed, Pf. 1 s. נִפְעַמְתִּי ψ 77:5; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּפָּ֫עֶם רוּחוֹ Gn 41:8 Dn 2:3; so

Hithp. Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְפָּ֫עֶם רוּחוֹ Dn 2:1.

פַּ֫עַם₁₁₈ n.f. Ex 8:28 (masc. only Ju 16:23 [text suspicious, v. GFM Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 76} Kö^{Synt. § 248 m}], 2 S 23:8 [< Qr fem.], 1 K 7:30 [crpt., v. infr.]) beat, foot, anvil, occurrence;—abs. פ׳ Gn 2:23 +; פָּ֑עַם 46:30 +; du. פַּעֲמַיִם Gn 27:36 +, etc.; pl. פְּעָמִים 33:3 +; also (concr.) cstr. פַּעֲמֵי Ju 5:28 +; sf. פְּעָמַי ψ 57:7; 119:133, etc.; פַּעֲמֹתָיו (only 1 c) Ex 25:12 + 2 times;—

1. a. poet., hoof-beat Ju 5:28; late, of human footfall, footstep, fig. ψ 17:5 (‖ אֲשׁוּרַי), 119:133; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו 85:14. b. foot, fig., 57:7; 58:11; 74:3; 140:5 Pr 29:5; lit. Is 26:6 (‖ רֶגֶל), Ct 7:2; בְּכַף פ׳ 2 K 19:24 = Is 37:25. c. foot, of ark Ex 25:12; 37:3 (P).—פַּעֲמֹתָיו 1 K 7:30 read פִּנּוֹתָיו (cf. v 34).

2. = anvil (struck by hammer) Is 41:7.

3. occurrence (orig. stroke): a. הַפַּעַם now Ju 16:18; פ׳ אֶחָ֑ת [אַחַת] one time, once Jos 6:3, 11, 14 (JE), 10:42 (D) + 3 times + 2 S 23:8 Qr (> Kt אחד); פַּעֲמָ֑יִם twice Gn 41:32 + 6 times; פ׳ Na 1:9 second time; אַרְבַּע פ׳ Ne 6:4 four times; חָמֵשׁ אוֹ שֵׁשׁ פ׳ 2 K 13:19, cf. פ׳ חֲמִישִׁית Ne 6:5; also c. שָׁלשׁ, שֶׁבַע, q.v.; עֶשֶׂר פ׳ (זֶה) Nu 14:22 (JE) Ne 4:6; Jb 19:3, all indef. = over and over; indef. also פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Ne 13:20 once and [i.e. or] twice; פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלוֹשׁ Jb 33:29 twice (or) thrice; מֵאָה פְעָמִים 2 S 24:3 = 1 Ch 21:3, אֶלֶף פ׳ Dt 1:11; פ׳ רַבּוֹת ψ 106:43 Ec 7:22; עַד־כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים 1 K 22:16 = 2 Ch 18:15. b. כְּפַעַם־בְּפַעַם as time on time, i.e. as formerly, as usual, Nu 24:1 (E) Ju 16:20; 20:30, 31; 1 S 3:10 (cf. Dr) 20:25. c. הַזֹּאת (גַּם) כַּפַּעַם at this repetition (this time) also Ex 8:28; 9:14 (J) + 3 times; גַּם בַּפּ׳ הַהִוא Dt 9:19; 10:10. d. הַפַּעַם (Hex only J): (1) = this once Gn 18:32, אַךְ הַפּ׳ Ex 10:17; Ju 6:39, רַק־הַפּ׳ v 39, אַךְ הַפּ׳ הַזֶּה 16:28 (הַזֶּה dub., v. supr.); (2) = now at length Gn 2:23; 29:34, 35; 30:20; 46:30; Ju 15:3; 16:18, cf. also Ex 9:27 now at length (it is clear that) I have sinned. e. פַּעַם … פָּ֑עַם Pr 7:12 now … now, at one time … at another.

† פַּעֲמֹן n.[m.] bell, on high-p.’s robe (from its stroke, beat);—פ׳ abs. Ex 39:26^(×2) cstr. פ׳ זָהָב 28:34^(×2); pl. הַפַּעֲמֹנִים 39:25, cstr. פַּעֲמֹנֵי זָהָב 28:33; 39:25.

פַּעֲנֵחַ v. צָֽפְנַת פ׳.

† [פָּעַר] vb. open wide (the mouth) (NH rarely = BH, usually open bowels, go to stool; cf. J Aram. פְּעַר; Arabic فَعَرَ and Syriac ܦܥܰܪ = BH, ܦܶܥܪܳܐ chasm);—

Qal Pf. of voracious greed, fig. 3 fs. וּפָֽעֲרָה פִּיהָ Is 5:14 (of Sh^eôl), 3 pl. פָּֽעֲרוּ עָלַי בְּפִיהֶם (Ges^{§ 119 q}) Jb 16:10; of eager desire (good sense), פִּיהֶם פָּֽעֲרוּ 29:23, פִּי־פָעַרְתִּי ψ 119:131.

† פַּעֲרַי n.pr.m. 2 S 23:35 (cf. Ph. n.pr.m. פער) = נַעֲרַי q.v.

† פְּעוֹר n.pr. Φογωρ:

1. mont. in Moab (appar. from some √ פעֿר);—Nu 23:28 cf. (בֵּית פ׳, בַּעַל פ׳ and reff.; also) Buhl^{Geogr. 122} Dr Dt 3:29; [𝔊 Jos 15:59a [60] gives a Φαγωρ with Bethlehem; v. also 𝔊 for פָּ֑עוּ, פָּ֑עִי].

2. dei. (appar.) Nu 25:18^(×2) (cf. בַּעַל פ׳ v 3, 5), 31:16 Jos 22:17.

† [פָּצָה] vb. part, open (Arabic فَصَى i, ii. separate, remove; Aramaic פְּצָא especially set free, ܦܰܨܺܐ Pa. set free);—

Qal Pf. 3 fs. פָּֽצְתָה Gn 4:11 +, 2 ms. פָּצִיתָ Ju 11:36, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְצֶה Jb 35:16; Imv. ms. פְּצֵה Ez 2:8, sf. פְּצֵנִי ψ 144:7, 11; Pt. פֹּצֶה Is 10:14, פּוֹ׳ ψ 144:10;— 1. open mouth: a. to swallow, fig. of ground, הָאֲדָמָה Gn 4:11 (J), Nu 16:30 (JE), הָאָרֶץ Dt 11:6; of enemies, + עַל pers. La 2:16; 3:46 ψ 22:14; lit. Ez 2:8. b. to speak Ju 11:35, 36 (utter a vow, + אֶל־י׳); Jb 35:16; hence = utter, אֲשֶׁר פָּצוּ שְׁפָתַי ψ 66:14; of bird chirping פֹּצֶה פֶה Is 10:14 (in fig.). 2. snatch away, set free (Aramaic loan-word), only ψ 144, + הִצִּיל c. מִן v 7, 11; פ׳ c. מִן v 10.

† פָּצַח vb. cause to break or burst forth, break forth with (cf. Arabic فَضَخَ break, crush; Ethiopic ፈጽሐ shatter; Syriac ܦܨܚ is be joyous, hilarious);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. פָּֽצְחוּ רִנָּה Is 14:7 they have broken forth with joyous shout; Impf. יִפְצְחוּ רִנָּה 55:12 (of mts.); Imv. fs. פִצְחִי רִנָּה 54:1 (of Zion); mpl. פִּצְחוּ ר׳ 44:23; 49:13 Qr (> Kt יפצחו; of mts.); abs. פִּצְחוּ Is 52:9 ψ 98:4 (both + רַנְּנוּ).

Pi. break bones in pieces: Pf. 3 pl. פִּצֵּ֑חוּ Mi 3:3.

† [פָּצַל] vb.

Pi. peel (NH Pi. split, divide; so Arabic فَصَلَ J.Aram. (Talm.) פְּצַל, Syriac ܦܨܰܠ; akin to בצל q.v.);—Pf. 3 ms. פִּצֵּל Gn 30:38 (obj. rods); Impf. 3 ms. וַיְפַצֵּל v 37 (c. acc. cogn.).

† [פִּצְלָה] n.f.pl. peeled spot or stripe;—pl. פְּצָלוֹת לְבָנוֹת Gn 30:37 (as acc. cogn.).

† [פָּצַם] vb. split open (Arabic فَصَمَ crack; 𝔗 פַּצֵּם Je 22:14, cut out, make, window);—

Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. of earth, פְּצַמְתָּ֑הּ ψ 60:4 (subj. God).

† [פָּצַע] vb. bruise, wound by bruising (NH split, bruise; Arabic فَصَعَ squeeze a ripe date, rub; Aramaic פְּצַע split);—

Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. הִכּוּנִי פְצָעוּנִי Ct 5:7; Inf. abs. הַכֵּה וּפָצֹעַ 1 K 20:37 a smiting and a bruising (him); Pt. pass. cstr. פְּצוּעַ־דַּכָּה Dt 23:2 one wounded by crushing.

† פֶּ֫צַע n.m.^{Pr 27:6} bruise wound;—abs. פ׳ Ex 21:25; Is 1:6 (fig.), Pr 20:30, פָּ֑צַע Ex 21:25; sf. פִּצְעִי Gn 4:23; pl. פְּצָעִים Pr 23:29; fig. also cstr. פִּצְעֵי 27:6 and sf. פְּצָעַי Jb 9:17.

† [פָּצַץ] vb. break (Arabic فَضَّ break, break asunder; Nab. פצץ break asunder; Syriac ܦܰܥ crush);—Pōʿ. Impf. 3 ms. יְפֹצֵץ סָ֑לַע Je 23:29 a hammer which shatters rock.

Pilp. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְפַצְפְּצֵנִי Jb 16:12 he [God] dashed me in pieces (fig.) Hithpōʿ.

† פִּצֵּץ only הַפּ׳ n.pr.m. priestly name 1 Ch 24:15; τῷ Φεταια, A Αφεσση, 𝔊L Αφεσσει.

פַּצֵּץ v. בֵּית פַּצֵּץ p. 112.

† [פָּצַר] vb. push, press (perhaps related, by transp., to Arabic فَرَضَ appoint, prescribe, Assyrian parṣu, command, cf. Ba^{ZMG xliii (1889), 188});—

Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְצַר־ Gn 19:3 +, 3 mpl. וַיִּפְצְרוּ v 9 2 K 2:17;—push, press, upon (ב pers.) physically Gn 19:9; = urge v 3 33:11 Ju 19:7 2 K 2:17, + inf. 5:16; read also prob. וַיִּפְצַר־בּוֹ 2 S 13:25, 27 2 K 5:23 (for וַיִּפְרָץ־), וַיִּפְצְרוּ־בוֹ 1 S 28:23 (for וַיִּפְרְצוּ־), Tanchum (cf. The), Weir in Dr 1 S 28:23 Kit^id. Bu HPS Löhr.

Hiph. Inf. abs. הַפְצַ֑ר 1 S 15:23 to display pushing (i.e. arrogance, presumption; ‖ מֶ֔רִי; cf. Dr).

† פְּצִירָה appar. n.f. from √ פצר, 1 S 13:21; dub.; prob. incurably crpt.; AV file from 𝔗 𝔖 Rabb., Ke bluntness; both lack philol. ground; v. especially Dr.

פִּק v. פִּיק.