פ

802

פ, פּ, ף, Pê, seventeenth letter; used as numeral 8o in post B. Hebrew.

פֹּא v. פֹּה. p. 805

† [פָּאָה] vb. perh. (si vera l.) cleave in pieces (Ar. (فأي, فأُ) فأا cleave, split (head, bowl, etc.); Sab. פעי DHM:ZMG xxx (1876), 701 f.);—Hiph. Impf. 1 s. sf. אַפְאֵיהֶם Dt 32:26 I [י׳] will cleave them in pieces (poss. point אֶפ׳, i.e. Qal; on other views v. Dr; rd. perh. אֲַפִיחֵם LXX Gr).

פֵּאָה:86 n. f. corner, side (part cut off, ‘Abschnitt,’ acc. to Schröter in Me:Archiv. i. 461 Ba:ZMG xii (1887), 615 Buhl:Lex, but perh. bilit., Nö:M. 485 Sta:§ 185, and not fr. √ פאה; cf. Ar. company, etc. (Nö:l. e.); As. pâtu, side, edge, border, v. esp. Meissn:Suppl. 74; NH = BH, Aram. פָּאתָא, ܦܰܐܬܳܐ);—abs. פ׳ Je 9:25 + 4 t.; cstr. פְּאַת Am 3:12 + 77 t.; pl. abs. פֵּאֹת Ex 25:26, 37:23; du. cstr. פַּאֲַתֵי Nu 24:17 (but read prob. פְּאַת as ‖ Je 48:45);—†

1. corner of divan Am 3:12; table Ex 25:26, 37:23; field Lv 19:9, 23:22 (H); land (prob.) וַתַּחְלְקֵם לְפֵאָה Ne 9:22, i.e. into every corner; ראֹשְׁכֶם פ׳ Lv 19:27 (i.e. your temples), זְקָנְֶ֑ פ׳ v:27 cf. 21:5 (all H); פֵאָה קְחוּחֵי those clipped on the temples Je 9:25, 25:23, 49:32 (epith. of Arab. tribes, Herod.:iii, 8 WMM:As. u. Eur. 140 f. We:Skizzen iii. 119; Heid. 2, 198); temples of Moab (under fig. of man) Nu 24:17 (JE) Je 48:45.

2. side: a. usu. of Ezekiel's temple, the tabern., the holy city and the land, or its subdivisions (only Ez 41–48 [47 t.] and P [26 t.]): in plur. (ה)פְּאַת קָדִ֫ימ East side Ez 47:18 + 17 t. Ez, = קֵדְמָה פ׳ Ex 27:13 + 3 t. P and Ez 45:7 (v. Co Toy); פ׳ (ה)חָפוֹנ North side Ez 47:15, Ex 26:20 + 9 t.; נָגָב פ׳ (ֶ נ֫גְבָּה South side Ez 47:19, 47:19, Ex 27:9 + 8 t.; יָם פ׳ (יָ֫מָּה) West side Ez 45:7, Ex 27:12 + 21 t. + דֶּרֶח־ הַיָּם פ׳ Ez 41:12 (also קָדִים הַיָּם פ׳ 48:1); abs. only לַפֵּאָה הָאֶחָת Ex 27:9. b. פְּאַת פָּנָיו Lv 13:41 side (border) of his face (forehead and temples; P).

פאם v. פימה p. 810

† 1. [פָּאַר] vb. Pi. beautify, glorify;—Pf. 3 ms. sf. פֵּאֲרָָח (obj. Isr.) Is 55:5, 60:9; c. acc. of temple; Impf. 1 s. אֲפָאֵר 60:7; Inf. cstr. פָּאֵר v:13, Ezr 7:27; so פָּאֵר עֲנָוִים בִּישׁוּעָה Ps 149:4. Hithp. 1. glorify oneself, c. עַל pers.: = boast, Impf. 3 ms. יִתְפָּאֵר Ju 7:2, Is 10:15; as polite address to king, Imv. ms. הִתְפָּאֵר Ex 8:5 (J), assume the honour over me (to decide) when, etc. 2. get glory to oneself, be glorified, by means of (ב), of י׳, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל יִתְפָּאָָר Is 44:23, so 1 s. אֶתְפָּאָָר 49:3; of people [by י׳], Inf. cstr. הִתְפָּאֵר 60:21, 61:3.

† פְּאֵר n.m.:Ez 44:18 head-dress, turban (? orig. ornament);—abs. פ׳ of bridegroom Is 61:10, sign of joy v:3 (opp. mourning, and so) פְּאֵרְְ Ez 24:17, pl. sf. פְּאֵרֵכֶם v:23 (worn by men of position); of priests פַּאֲרֵי פִשְׁתִּים Ez 44:18, הַמִּנְבָּעֹת שֵׁשׁפּ׳ Ex 39:28 (P); pl. abs. פְּאֵרִים Is 3:20 (of luxurious women).

† תִּפְאָרָה n.f. beauty, glory;—תּ׳ Is 28:5, Je 48:17; elsewh. abs. and cstr. תִּפְאֶרֶת Is 3:18 + 20 t.; תִּפְאָָרֶת Pr 28:12 + 6 t.; sf. תִּפְאַרְתִּי Is 46:13 + 20 t. sf.;—

1. beauty, finery Is 3:18; of garments 52:1; jewels Ez 16:17, 16:39, 23:26, cf. 2 Ch 3:6; flock Je 13:20; a man Is 44:13; city of Samaria 28:1, 28:4; diadem v:5.

2. glory: a. of rank: apparel of h. p. Ex 28:2, 28:40 (P); עֲטֶרֶת ת׳ crown of glory Pr 4:9, 16:31, Is 62:3, Je 13:18, Ez 16:12, 23:42; greatness of monarch Est 1:4; house of David and inhabitants of Jerus. Zc 12:7, 12:7. b. of renown לְשֵׁם ולת׳ Dt 26:19, 1 Ch 22:5, Je 13:11, 33:9. c. attribute of י׳ Ps 71:8, 1 Ch 29:11; שֵׁם ת׳ Is 63:14, 1 Ch 29:13; עֹז ת׳ Ps 89:18; זְרוֹעַ ת׳ Is 63:12; hence ת׳ in י׳'s sanctuary Ps 96:6, בֵּית תִּפְאַרְתִּ׳ Is 60:7 cf. 63:15 (of heavenly temple), 64:10; ת׳ as י׳'s gift to Isr. 46:13 cf. 60:19 (also Ps 89:18 supr.); of future fruit of land 4:2; design. of ark of י׳ Ps 78:61.

3. a. honour of nation Isr. La 2:1. b. glorying, boasting, of individ., Is 20:5, Pr 17:6, 19:11, 20:29, 28:12; warrior Ju 4:9; monarchs Is 10:12; nations Is 13:19, Ez 24:25, מַקֵּל ת׳ rod (sceptre) of glorying Je 48:17 (others 1).

II. פאר (doubtful √).

† [פּאֹרָה] n.f. bough;—pl., all in fig.: of vine, abs. פּאֹרוֹת Ez 17:6 (Baer פֹּראֹות); of cedar, sf. פּאֹרֹתוֹ 31:5 (Kt; יו—ָ Qr); פּאֹרֹתָיו v:6, פֹּראֹתָיו v:8, v:12, v:13.

† פארה Kt., פּוּרָה Qr n. f. coll. boughs Is 10:33 (van d. H. Baer פֻּארָה).

† [פֵּאֵר] vb. denom. Pi. go over the boughs;—Impf. 2 ms. תְּפָאֵר Dt 24:20 thou shalt not go over the boughs after thee (i.e. glean).

† פָּארוּר n.[m.] mng. dub.; only קִבְּחוּ פ׳ Na 2:11, Jo 2:6; Thes, all faces gather a glow (glow with dread, fr. assumed √ פאר), so We Now; AE Hi al. gather in (their) beauty (√ I. פאר; grow pale); Vrss AV gather blackness (fr. פָּרוּר a pot !), v. Dr; all very uncertain.

803

† פָּארָן n.pr.loc. Paran, Φαραν (cf. n.pr. פארן Sin. Inscr.);—usu. מִדְבַּר פ׳ home of Ishmael Gn 21:21 (E), traversed by Isr. in Exodus Nu 12:16 (E), 10:12, 13:2, 13:26 (all P); it lay NE. fr. (the traditional) Sinai, with Gulf of Akaba and the ï Arabah as its E. border; in the same region was הַר פ׳ Dt 33:2, Hb 3:3, —perh. coast-range of mts. along W. shore of Gulf of Akaba; פ׳ alone 1 K 11:18, 11:18 (betw. Midian and Egypt); Dt 1:1 (loc. dub.).—1 S 25:1 v. II. מָעוֹן sub עון.—Vid. Rob:BR i, 177 f. Palmer:Desert of Exodus, 284 ff., Di Dr:Dt.

פגג (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; NH פַּגָּה unripe fig, pl. פַּגִּין; so Syr. ܦܰܓܳܐ in Lexx; Ar. فِجُّ unripe fruit; Targum פַּגָּא unripe grape; cf. Post in Hastings:DB. ‘ Fig ’ Tristr:NHB 352 Löw:p. 391).

† [פַּגָּה] n.f. (cf. NH) early fig;—pl. sf. פַּגֶּיהָ Ct 2:13.

פגל (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; Ar. فَجَلَ (فَجُلَ, فَجِلَ) is be thick and soft, flaccid; NH פִּגּוּל = BH, cf. Levy:NHWB s.v.).

† [פִּגּוּל] n.m.:Lv 7:18 foul thing, refuse, but only as term. techn. of unclean sacrificial flesh;—it is פ׳ if eaten on third day Lv 7:18 (P), 19:7 (H); cf. בְּשַׂר פ׳ Ez 4:14 (undefined); pl. מְרַק פִּגֻּלִים Is 65:4 broth of refuse things (Kt פרק), RS:Sem i. 325, 2nd ed. 343 thinks of flesh with the blood; Du:ad loc. of mice and other unclean animals.

† פָּגַע vb. meet, encounter, reach (NH id.; Aram. פְּגַע, ܦܓܰܥ; poss. akin to Ar. فَجَأَ, فَجِئَ happen to, light upon; فَجَعَ is pain, afflict);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 1 K 2:32 +, sf. וּפְגָעוֹ consec. Am 5:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְגַּע Gn 28:11+; 1 pl. נְפְגַּע Jb 21:15, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּגַע Ju 8:21+; mpl. פִּגְעוּ Gn 23:8; Inf. cstr. לִפְגֹּע 1 S 22:17, sf. פִּגְעוֹ Nu 35:19, 35:21; —

1. meet, light upon, c. acc. pers. 1 S 10:5, Ex 5:20 (J), c. sf. pers. Am 5:19; שׁוֹר פ׳ Ex 23:4; c. ב pers. Gn 32:2 (E), Nu 35:19, 35:21 (P); c. ב loc. Gn 28:11 (E).

2. meet, with kindness, c. acc. pers. Is 64:5 (subj. י׳), so 47:3 acc. to Ew De Di al.; Che:Hpt אֶפְרַע (reading, with Du, אמר for אָדָם).

3. encounter with hostility, fall upon c. ב pers. Jos 2:16 (JE), Ju 8:21, 15:12, 18:25, 1 S 22:17, 22:18, 22:18, 2 S 1:15, 1 K 2:25, 2:29, 2:31, 2:32, 2:34, 2:46, Ru 2:22; of God, c. acc. (sf.), + ב instr. Ex 5:3.

4. encounter with request, entreat, c. ב pers. Je 7:16, Jb 21:15, sq. cl. Je 27:18, Ru 1:16, + ל pers. on whose behalf Gn 23:8

5. strike, touch, of boundary, c. ב loc. Jos 16:7, 19:11, 19:22, 19:26, 19:27, 19:34, 19:34, cf. 17:10; c. אֶל loc. 19:11. Hiph. 1. cause to light upon, Pf. 3 ms. הִפְגִּיעַ c. acc. rei + ב pers. Is 53:6. 2. cause one (acc.) to entreat 1 S. הִפְגַּעְתִּי (ב pers.) Je 15:11 (otherwise Gie; Co del. v. as gloss). 3. make entreaty, 3 pl. הִפְגִּעוּ Je 36:25 c. ב pers.; more gen. interpose, Impf. 3 ms. יַפְגִּיעַ Is 53:12, c. ל pers. in whose behalf; Pt. מַפְגִּיעַ 59:16 one interposing. 4. make attack, only Pt. Jb 36:32 assailant, but Ol Bu Du al. מִפְגָּע mark.

† פֶּ֫גַע n.m. occurrence, chance;—abs. פ׳ 1 K 5:18 evil occurrence; Ec 9:11 time and chance.

† מִפְגָּע n.[m.] thing hit, mark;—לָ֫מָה לָָךְ שַׂמְתַּנִי לְמ׳ Jb 7:20 (cf. also פָּגַע Hiph. 1.).

† פַּגְעִיאֵל n.m. Asherite, Φαγαιηλ, -εηλ;—Nu 1:13, 2:27, 7:72, 7:77, 10:26.

† [פָּגַר] vb. Pi. be exhausted, faint (Targum פְּגַר der. spec. tear down, destroy; As. pagru, body, corpse; NH פֶּגֶר = BH; Aram. פַּגְרָא, ; Palm. פגר; Mand. פאגרא Nö:M § 89);—Pf. 3 pl. פִּגְּרוּ מִן they were too faint to go, etc. 1 S 30:10, 30:21.

† פֶּ֫גֶר n.m.:Is 14:19 corpse, carcass;—abs. פ׳ Is 14:19 +, פָָּגֶר Na 3:3; cstr. פֶּגֶר 1 S 17:46; pl. פְּגָרִים 2 K 19:35 +; cstr. פִּגְרֵי Je 33:5; sf. פִּגְרֵיכֶם Lv 26:30 +, etc.;—

1. of men, sg. Is 14:19; usu. pl. 34:3, 66:24, Je 31:40, 33:5, 41:9, Ez 6:5, 43:7, 43:9, Lv 26:30, Nu 14:29, 14:32, 14:33, 2 Ch 20:34, — v:25 rd. prob. בְּגָדִים, so LXX (?), Vulgate Be Krochm Kau Kit;—פְּגָרִים מֵתִים 2 K 19:35 = Is 37:36; sg. coll. 1 S 17:46, רַב־הַפֶּגֶר Am 8:3, כֹּבֶד־פ׳ Na 3:3; fig. of idols פִּגְרֵי גִּלּוּלֵיכֶם Lv 26:30.

2. of animals Gn 15:11.

† [פָּגַשׁ] vb. meet, encounter (syn. פָּגַע);—Qal Pf. 1 S. פָּגָ֑שְׁתִּי Gn 33:8; 3 pl. consec. וּפָֽגְשׁוּ Is 34:14; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִפְגַָֽשְְׁ֫ Gn 32:18 (Gi; Baer יִֽפְגָֽשְְׁ֫; van d. H. יִֽפְגָּֽשְְׁ֫), וַיִּפְגְּשֵׁהוּ Ex 4:24, 4:27; 3 fs. וַתִּפְגַשׁ 1 S 25:20 (rd. prob. וַתִּפְגּשׁ Ges:§ 47 k, cf. van d. H), etc.; Inf. abs. פָּגוֹש Pr 17:12; cstr. פְּגשׁ Je 41:6; —meet, c. acc. Gn 33:8, 1 S 25:20, Is 34:14, Je 41:6, so c. sf. Gn 32:18, Ex 4:24, 4:27, 2 S 2:13; meet, encounter, of bear, c. ב pers. Pr 17:12, of י׳ (like a bear) Ho 13:8 (c. sf. pers.). Niph. meet together, each other, Pf. 3 pl. נִפְגָּֽשׁוּ Pr 22:2, 29:13, fig. of חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת Ps 85:11. Pi. intens. Impf. 3 mpl. יְפַגְּשׁוּ חשֶׁךְ Jb 5:14 they keep encountering darkness in the daytime.

804

† פָּדָה vb. ransom (NH in deriv.; Ph. in n.pr.; As. padû, id., Ar. فَدَي; Eth. fadaya:; Min. פדית redeemed or purchased land Mordt:Beitr. 23);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פָּדָה Lv 27:27 +; sf. פָּֽדְְ Jb 5:20; 2 ms. פָּדִיתָ Dt 9:26 +, etc.; Impf. יִפְדֶּה Ps 49:8 +, etc.; Imv. פְּדֵה Ps 25:22; sf. פְּדֵנִי Ps 26:11 + 3 t.; Inf. abs. פָּדֹה Nu 18:15, Ps 49:8; cstr. לִפְדּוֹת 2 S 7:23 = 1 Ch 17:2; Pt. act. פּוֹדֶה Ps 34:23; sf. פֹּדְְ Dt 13:6; pass. pl. cstr. פְּדוּיֵּי Is 35:10, 51:11, Nu 3:49; also abs. פְּדוּיִם Nu 3:51 (Qr; Kt פדים), cstr. פְּדוּיֵי v:46; sf. פְּדוּיָו Nu 18:16 (all n. abstr. acc. to Di Kö:ii. 1, 138, v. פְּדוּיִם, פִּדְיֹם infr.);—ransom:

1. for an assessed price Ex 13:13, 13:15, 34:20 (J), Lv 27:27, Nu 3:46, 3:48, 3:49, 3:51, 18:15, 18:16, 18:17 (P).

2. fr. violence and death 1 S 14:45, Jb 6:23, Ps 49:8.

3. God subj. (underlying thought of payment): a. fr. Egypt, c. מִן, מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים Dt 7:8, 13:6, Mi 6:4; מִנִּי־חָר Ps 78:42; ממחרים 2 S 7:23 (but del. פָּדִיתָ Gei:Urschr. 288 We Dr al.) = 1 Ch 17:21; מִשָּׁם Dt 24:18; abs. Dt 9:26, 15:15, 21:8, Ne 1:10. b. from exile, Je 31:11, Zc 10:8; יְשֻׁבוּן פְּדוּיֵּי י׳ Is 35:10 = 51:11. c. in gen. Ho 7:13; מִכֹּל חָרוֹתָיו Ps 25:22; מִכֹּל עֲוֹנוֹתָיו Ps 130:8. d. c. acc. individ. Ps 26:11, 31:6, 44:27, 69:19; Abraham Is 29:22; פ׳ נפשׁ Ps 34:23, 71:23; + מכל חרה 2 S 4:9, 1 K 1:29; מֵעֲבֹר בַּשָָּׁחַת Jb 33:28; מִקְּרָב־לִי Ps 55:19; מִמָּוֶת Jb 5:20; מיד שׁאול Ps 49:16, Ho 13:14; מֵעשֶׁק אָדָם Ps 119:134; מִכַּף עָרִיחִים Je 15:21. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. (+ Hoph. Inf. abs.) הָפְדֵּה לאֹ נִפְדָָּתָה Lv 19:20 she hath not been at all ransomed (from bondage); Impf. יִפָּדֶה Lv 27:29 (from ban); 3 fs. חִיּוֹן בְּמִשְׁפָּט תִּפָּדֶָה Is 1:27. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. וְהֶפְדָּהּ Ex 21:8 he shall let her be ransomed. Hiph. Inf. abs. v. Niph.

† פְּדוּיִם n.[m.] pl. abstr. ransom;—so rd. perh. Nu 3:49 for MT פִּדְיוֹם, Sam. פדוים; cstr. פְדוּיֵי v:48; for other poss. cases v. Qal Pt. pass.

† פָּדוֹן n.pr.m. (ransom; cf. Ph. פדי) head of family of Nethinim Ezr 2:44, Ne 7:47; Φαδων.

† פְּדוּת n.f. ransom; פ׳ Ps 111:9 + 2 t.; פְּדֻת Ex 8:19; —fr. exile Is 50:2; fr. iniquities Ps 130:7; in gen. Ps 111:9, שֵׂמְתִּי פְדֻת בֵּין עַמִּי וּבֵין עַמְֶָּ Ex 8:19 I will set a ransom (distinguishing) between my people and thy people Targum, but improb. and text dub.; LXX SyrVer Vulgate set a distinction (rdg. what ?).

† פִּדְיוֹם n.m. ransom;—Nu 3:49, rd. prob. פְּדוּיִם (so Sam.); פִּדְיֹם v:51 Kt (Qr פְּדוּיִם);—v. פדה Qal Pt. pass., and פִּדוּיִם supr.

† פִּדְיוֹן n.m. id.;—נֶפֶשׁ פּ׳ Ex 21:30 (E), Ps 49:9.

† פְּדַהְאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl hath ransomed; cf. Ph. בעלפדה; As. Pudu-ilu, Pudi-ilu COT:Gloss.);—prince of Naphtali Nu 34:28; Φαδαηλ.

† פְּדָהחוּר n.pr.m. (the Rock hath ransomed) Manassite, Nu 1:10, 2:20, 7:54, 7:59, 10:23 Φαδασσουρ.

† פְּדָיָהוּ, פְּדָיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath ransomed; in late As. Padâma, Hilpr:Univ. Pa, Exp. ix. 27, 68);—פְּדָיָה:

1. father-in-law of Josiah 2 K 23:36, but LXX Εδειλ (LXXL Ιερεμιας, fr. v:31).

2. father of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:18, 3:19.

3. a. Ne 3:25. b. 8:4.

4. Benjamite Ne 11:7.

5. Levite Ne 13:13.

6. פְּדָיָהוּ, Manassite 1 Ch 27:20—LXX (exc. 1) Φα(λ)δαιας, etc.

פַּדָּן:11 n.pr.loc. (? garden, field; cf. Targum פַּדְּנָא yoke, span of oxen; Syr. ܦܕܐܢܐܳ yoke, whence, as loan-wd. Ar. فَدَّانُ Frä:129; As. padanu, = road, and also garden, etc. (in word-lists, v. KAT:2, 612); also Nö:Aram. in Ency. Bib.);—פ׳ Gn 48:7, abbrev. fr. פַּדַּן־אֲרָם (? = garden, field of [in] Aram; conj. by many that שְׂדֵה אֲרָם Ho 12:13 is Heb. transl., cf. Di:Gn 25, 20) 25:20 + 5 t.; פַּדֶּ֫נָה א׳ 28:2 f. (v. אֲרָם b; all P); LXX Μεσοποταμία (Συρίας); perh. Paddânâ, near Haran (and Tel Feddān of Arab. geogr.), v. Nö:l. c.

† [פָּדַע] vb. dub., only Imv. ms. sf. פְּדָעֵהוּ Jb 33:34 a mng. like deliver him needed, Codd. Bu Du פְּרָעֵהוּ; < rd. פְּדֵהוּ (פדה) Ew Di SS.

† [פֶּ֫דֶר] n. [m.] suet, of עֹלָה (so Vrss NH: √ unknown);—abs. פָָּדֶר Lv 1:8, 8:20; sf. פִּדְרוֹ 1:12.

פֶּה:485 n.m.:Jos 9:2 mouth (prob. bilit. [פו, פי] Sta:§ 183; NH = BH; Ph. לפי acc. to; As. pû, mouth; Ar. فُوهُ, فَاهُ, فِيهُ; Eth. 0f:; Syr. ܠܦܽܘܬ acc. to; but also Ar. فَمُ, فُمُ, فِمُ, BAram. פֻּם, Targum פּוּמָא; Syr. ܦܽܘܡܳܐ; Mand. פומא Nö:M § 87);—abs. פ׳ Ex 4:10 +, cstr. פִּי Is 1:20 +; sf. 1 S. פִּי Gn 45:12 +, 2 ms. פִּיְ 41:40 +, 3 ms. פִּיו 25:28 +, פִּיהוּ Ex 4:15 +, 3 mpl. פִּיהֶם Ju 7:6 +, פִּימוֹ Ps 17:10 + 2 t., etc.; pl. פִּיּוֹת Pr 5:4, פֵיוֹת (שְׁנֵי) Ju 3:16, פִּיפִיּוֹת Is 41:15, Ps 149:6; פִּים 1 S 13:21 (corrupt, v. Dr al.);—

1. a. mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking Gn 25:28, Ju 7:6, 1 S 14:26, 14:27, Ne 9:20, Pr 19:24 = 26:15 +; fig. as finding things sweet Jb 20:12, Ps 119:103; fig. of earth Gn 4:11, swallowing Korah, etc. Nu 16:30, 16:32, 26:10, Dt 11:6; fig. also of She’ôl, וּפָֽעֲרָה פִיהָ Is 5:14, cf. Ps 69:16. b. external organ, וַיָּשֶׂם פִּיו עַל־פִּיו 2 K 4:34, Pr 30:20; of kissing 1 K 19:18, Ct 1:2, וַתִּשַּׁק יָדִי לְפִי Jb 31:27; cf. phr. שִׂים יָד עַל־פֶּה (of keeping silence) Ju 18:19, Mi 7:16, Jb 21:5, cf. 29:9, 40:4, Pr 30:32; of mocking triumph פָּעַר עָלַי בְּפ׳ Jb 16:10; עַל הִרְחִיב פ׳ Ps 35:21, Is 57:4, also רָחַב פִּי עַל 1 S 2:1. c. of י׳ in theoph., sending out fire 2 S 22:9 = Ps 18:9.

2. a. much oftener, as organ of speech, of man: פ׳ speaks Gn 45:12, 2 S 1:16, Is 9:16, Jb 9:20, 15:5, 15:6, Ps 37:30 +; speak בְּמוֹ־פִי Jb 19:16; open פ׳, אֶל־י׳ Ju 11:35, 11:36, abs. Jb 3:1, 33:2 +; shut פ׳ (be silent) Is 52:15, cf. חָשַׂח פ׳ Jb 7:11, and (of iniquity, personif.) קָחַף פ׳ Jb 5:16, Ps 107:42; guard פ׳, Pr 13:3 (נָחַר), 21:23 (שָׁמַר), cf. שָׁמַר פִּתְחֵי פ׳ Mi 7:5, also Ps 39:2 (v. שׁמר); words, etc., are in (ב) mouth 2 S 17:5, 18:25, Dt 30:14, 1 K 17:24; שִׂים דְּבָרִים בְּפ׳ 2 S 14:3, 14:19, Ex 4:15, also (God subj.) Nu 22:38, 23:12, 23:16 +; of utterance יָחָא מִפּ׳ Ju 11:36, Nu 30:3, 32:24, Jos 6:10 +; depart fr. mouth (cease to be mentioned) מוּשׁ מִפּ׳ Jos 1:8, Is 59:21, cf. נִכְרַת מִפּ׳ Je 7:28, לאֹ יִשָּׁמַע עַל־פִּיְ Ex 23:13; אִמְרֵי פ׳ Dt 32:1 words of my mouth, so Jb 8:2, Ps 19:15, 54:4; דְּבְרֵי פ׳ Ps 36:4, Ec 10:12; of agency, כְּפּ׳ by the mouth of 2 Ch 36:21, 36:22 = מִפּ׳ Ezr 1:1; דִּכֶּר פִּיו עִם־פִּיו Je 32:4 speak mouth to mouth = 34:3; פ׳ = speech, sayings Is 29:13, Ps 49:14, Ec 10:3; כְּבַד פ׳ Ex 4:10 heavy of speech (not eloquent); אֶהְיֶה עִם־פ׳ v:12, v:15, i.e. aid thee in speaking; יִהְיֶה־לְְּ לְפ׳ v:16 he shall be mouth for thee; מִפִּיו יִקְרָא אֵלַי Je 36:18, i.e. dictate; כָּתַב מִפּ׳ v. כָּתַב 1 b (3); bad qualities ascribed to it, עִקְּשׁוּת פ׳ Pr 4:24, 6:12; פִּי תַהְפֻּכוֹת 8:13; פֶּה חָלָק 26:28; אַל־תַּגְדֵּל פ׳ Ob:12, cf. Mi 6:12, Ez 35:13. b. as laughing Jb 8:21, Ps 126:2; panting 119:131. c. of God; his mouth speaks Is 1:20, 40:5, Je 9:11 +; he speaks בְּפ׳ 1 K 8:15, 8:34; wd. proceeds מִפּ׳ Dt 8:3, Is 45:23 +; פֶּה אֶל־פֶּה אֲדַכֵּר כּוֹ Nu 12:8; he creates בְּרוּחַ פִּיו Ps 33:6; he executes judgment כְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו Is 11:4; esp. = command: עָבַר אֶת־פִּי י׳ 1 S 15:24, Nu 14:41, cf. 22:18, Pr 8:29; פ׳ (אֶת־) מָרָה 1 S 12:14, 12:15, Nu 20:24, 1 K 13:21 +; cf. 6 d. d. of idols, Ps 115:5, 136:16, 136:17. e. of musical instr. = sound Am 6:5 (cf. 6 d).

3. of animals: bird Gn 8:11 (carrying), Is 10:14 (chirping); ass Nu 22:28 (speaking); bear, lion 1 S 17:35 (seizing), Am 3:12 (id.), hippop. Jb 40:23 (drinking), crocod. 41:11, 41:13 (breathing flame); also of human foes, under fig. of ravenous beasts Ps 22:22, Ez 21:27, 34:10; פָּחָה עַל פ׳ Ps 22:14, La 2:16, 3:46; hence of edge of sword, חֶרֶב פִּיּוֹת Pr 5:4 a sword with edges (in sim.), = ח׳ פִּיפִיּוֹת Ps 149:6; cf. Ju 3:16; v. also 6 c (2), infr.; בַּעַל פִּיפִיּוֹת Is 41:15, of מוֹרַג.

4. mouth = opening, orifice; of well Gn 29:2, 29:3, 29:3, 29:8, 29:10; cave Jos 10:18, 10:22, 10:27; ravine, abyss Je 48:28 (si vera l., cf. Gie); also of Shₑ Õ’ôl Ps 141:7; of a sack Gn 42:27, 43:12, 43:21, 44:1, 44:2, 44:8; ephah Zc 5:8; high-priest's robe Ex 28:32 + 5 t., cf. prob. Ps 133:2; tunic Jb 30:18; of a round opening also 1 K 7:31, 7:31, 7:31 (on text and meaning v. Benz Kit); of mouth of Nile Is 19:7 (others brink); gate of city Pr 8:3 (but rd. perhaps לִפְנֵי, v. Toy).

5. a. extremity, end פֶּה לָפֶה from end to end, of a temple 2 K 10:21; city 21:16, מִפֶּה אֶל־פֶּה of land Ezr 9:11. b. = portion, פִּי שְׁנַיִם † Dt 21:17, 2 K 2:9, Zc 13:8.

6. with preps.:—a. אֶל פִּי, v. infr. d (2). b. כְּפִי: (a) acc. to the command of, 1 Ch 12:23; (b) acc. to the mouth of, i.e. in proportion to (cf. As. ki-i pi-i, Dl:HWB 325), † Ex 16:21 they gathered it אִישׁ כְּפִי אָכְלוֹ each in proportion to his eating (v:16, v:18 לְפִי), Lv 25:52 כְּפִי שָׁנָיו acc. to the number of his years (cf. v:16 לְפִי); Nu 6:21, 7:5 אִישׁ כְּפִי עֲבֹדָתוֹ (so 2 Ch 31:2), 7:7, 7:8, 35:8 (all P); Jb 33:6 הֵן־אֲנִי כְפִיְ לָאֵל I am in the proportion of thee as regards God, i.e. I stand towards God even as thou dost. As conj., כְּפִי אֲשֶׁר, † Ml 2:9 כְּפי אֲשֶׁר אֵינְכֶם שֹׁמְרִים אֶת־דְּרָכַי acc. asye do not keep, etc.; and without אשׁר Zc 2:4 כְּפִי אִישׁ־לאֹ נָשָׂא ראֹשׁוֹ in such proportion that none did lift up his head (but We Now אֲשֶׁר for אִישׁ, that it, Judah, did not, etc.). c. לְפִי, nearly i.q. כְּפִי (v. לְ 5 i b), but more common (cf. Aram. לְפוּם, ܠܦܽܘܬ): (1) † Gn 47:12 לְפִי הַטָָּף, Ex 12:4 ye shall compute אִישׁ לְפִי אָכְלוֹ each acc. to his eating (acc. to the quantity which his family will consume), 16:16, 16:18, Lv 25:16 לְפִי רֹב הַשָּׁנִים, v:16, v:51, 27:16 לְפִי זַרְעוֹ, Nu 26:54, Jos 18:4, 1 K 17:1 except לְפִי דְבָרִי, Ho 10:12 קִחְרוּ לְפִי חֶסֶד (‖לִחְדָקָה), Pr 12:8, 27:2: sq. inf. Nu 9:17 לְפִי הֵעָלוֹת הֶעָנָן = acc. as the cloud was lifted up, Je 29:10. (2) in the phr. לְפִי חֶרֶב acc. to the mouth, or measure, of the sword, i.e. as the sword devours, without quarter, Gn 34:26, Ex 17:13, Nu 21:24 + oft. d. עַל פִּי: (1) acc. to (עַל 1 f a) the mouth of, i.e. (a) the command of, Gn 41:40, 45:21, Ex 17:1, 38:21, Nu 3:16, 3:39 + (esp. P), 2 K 23:35; (β) the evidence or sentence of, Dt 17:6 עַל־פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, 19:15, 21:5 (on עַל־פִּי הַנָּ֑בֶל Am 6:5, v. 2 e supr.). (2) acc. to the measure of, in accordance with, † Gn 43:7 we told him על פי הדברים האלה acc. to these words (i.e. the questions Joseph asked), Ex 34:27 in accordance with these words, Lv 27:8 על־פי אשׁר תַּשִּׂיג יַד הנֹּדֵר acc. to what the hand of the vower can reach to, v:18 (cf. לְפִי 25:16, 25:51), Dt 17:10, 17:11, 2 S 13:32 (but v. שׂוּמָה), Pr 22:6 חֲנֹח לַנַּעַר על פי דרכו. In the same sense אֶל פִּי, † Jos 15:13, 17:4, 21:3.

805

פֹּה:58, and (Ez 40–41, 23 out of 35 t.) פּוֹ, also † Jb 38:11 b פֹּא, adv. loc. here, hither (prob. from the same demonst. √ found in ف so, then (oft. in apod.), אַף, אֵפוֹא: cf. Kö:ii. l, 247 f., 243, 331 f.):—

1. here: a. Gn 19:12 עֹד מִי־לְְ פֹּה whom hast thou still here ? 22:5 שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פֹּה, 40:15, Nu 22:8, 32:16, Dt 5:28, 12:8, Ju 4:20 הֲיֵשׁ פֹּה אִישׁ, 2 K 3:11, etc.; asked in some surprise, Ju 18:3 מַה־לְְּ פֹה = what is thy business here ? simil. † 1 K 19:9, 19:13, Is 22:16, 52:5 וְעַתָּה מַה־לִּי־פֹה. Cf. the syn. בָּזֶה, בֹּה

2. b. עַד־פֹּה † Jb 38:11 a. c. מִפֹּה or מִפּוֹ, only Ez 40–41, and always (exc. 40:12 a, where it must be supplied with LXX SyrVer) repeated, on this side ... on that side (cf. מִזֶּה מִזֶּה ), Ez 40:10, 40:10, 40:12 b, b, 40:21, 40:21, etc. d. with the interrog. אֵי, אֵיפֹה where ? v. p. 33. † 2. after a verb of motion, hither, 1 S 16:11 עַד־בּאֹוֹ פֹה, Ezr 4:2.

806

† פּוּאָה, פֻּוָּה n.pr.m. in Issachar, Φουα, etc.;—פּוּאָה Ju 10:1 (v. GFM), 1 Ch 7:1; פֻּוָּה Gn 46:13, Nu 26:3.

† פּוּנִי adj.gent. of פֻּוָּה, c. art. Nu 26:23; rd. פֻּוָּנִי ? or (Φουαει) פֻּוִּי ?—LXXL THE FOLLOWING &ADI; IS PART OF THE GREEK WORD (NO ENTITY IN GREEK)Φουλαï.

† [פּוּג] vb. grow numb (Ar. فَاجُ grow cool; Syr. ܦܰܓ be cold; Targum פּוּג cease, be helpless; NH id. vanish);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּפָג לִבּוֹ Gn 45:26; 3 fs. תָּפוּג Ps 77:3 of hand (si vera l., v. נגר), i.e. drop helpless; Hb 1:4 of תּוֹרָה, i.e. be ineffective. Niph. Pf. 1 s. נְפוּגֹתִי וְנִדְכֵּיתִי Ps 38:9 I am benumbed and crushed (fig.); rd. prob. also אֶפּוֹגָה Ps 88:16 (for MT ἅπ. λεγ. אָפוּנָה), Ol Hup Dy Gr Che אָפוּגָה.

† פּוּגַת (Ges:§ 80 f) n.f. benumbing (fig.), cessation;—לָךְ אַל־תִּתְּנִי פ׳ La 2:18 grant thyself no benumbing (rd. prob. פּוּגֹת).

† [הֲפוּגָה] n.f. id.;—pl. מֵאֵין הֲפֻגוֹת La 3:49 (of weeping; form very strange, rd. prob. פֻּגוֹת),

† [פּוּחַ] vb. breathe, blow (NH פּוּחַ blow out; Ar. (روخ), فَاخَ = Heb., so Aram. פּוּחַ, ܦܰܚ);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָפוּחַ הַיּוֹם Ct 2:17, 4:6 until the day breathes, i.e. grows cool. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יָפִיחַ Ps 10:5 +; יָפִחַ Pr 14:25; וְיָפֵחַ Hb 2:3, etc.; Imv. fs. הָפִיחִי Ct 4:16; —

1. cause garden (acc.) to exhale (sc. odours) Ct 4:16.

2. a. puff, snort, against, ב pers., Ps 10:5. b. עַל pers., Ez 21:36 with the fire of my wrath will I blow against thee. c. excite, inflame city Pr 29:8. d. c. לוֹ Ps 12:6 puff, = pant for it (so most; Thes Hi al. against whom men puff; Bae אֹפִּיעַ לוֹ I will shine forth to him); לַקֵּן Hb 2:3 the vision panteth (hasteth) towards the end (so most).

3. breathe out, utter, כְּזָבִים Pr 6:19, 14:5, 14:25, 19:5, 19:9, אֱמוּנָה 12:17.

† פִּיחַ n.[m.] soot, LXX αὶθάλη (? wafted about);—cstr. כִּבְשָׁן(הַ) פ׳ Ex 9:8, 9:10 (P) furnace-soot.

† פּוּט n.pr.gent. prob. Libyans, or Lib. tribe; usu. named with African peoples: Na 3:9, Je 46:9, Ez 27:10, 30:5, 38:5 (LXX usu. Λίβυες); Gn 10:6 (P) = 1 Ch 1:8 (Φουδ); + Is 66:19 (for MT פּוּל; LXX φουδ),—vid. Di:Gn 10:6 Jen:ZA x. 325 ff.

† פּוּטִיאֵל n.pr.m. Eleazar's father-in-law Ex 6:25, Φουτιηλ.

† פּוֹטִיפַר n.pr.m. Joseph's master (abbrev. fr. foll.);—Gn 37:36 (E), 39:1 (R:J), Πετεφρης, etc.

† פּוֹטִי פֶ֫רַע n.pr.m. priest of On, Joseph's father-in-law (Egypt. PÕ’-di²-p’-Rï‘, i.e. he whom the Ra gave, v.Sethe:De aleph prosthetico in ling. aeg. (1892), 31; Dr in Hastings:DB);—Gn 41:45, 41:50 (E), 46:20 (P), Πετεφρης, A Πετρεφης.

† פּוּךְ n.[m.] antimony, stibium (NH = BH; cf. poss. Ar. فَكَّ open, separate; Syr. ܦܰܟ pulverize; but פּוּךְ perh. foreign word);—black mineral powder, for increasing brilliance of eyes by darkening edges of lids; וַתָּשֶׂם בֵּפּ׳ עֵינֶוהָ 2 K 9:30, תִּקְרְעִי וגו׳ Je 4:30; (on practice in Arab. v. We:GGN, 1893, 443; in Egypt, Lane:Mod. Egypt. ed. 5, i. 45 f.); fig. Is 54:11 of dark cement setting off precious stones (but We:DLZ, Aug. 2, 1890 Che:Hpt al. rd. נֹפֶח q.v.); אַבְנֵי פ׳ 1 Ch 29:2 are perh. stones of brilliant hue of antimony.—Cf. n.pr. קֶרֶן הַפּוּח, and כָּחַל. p. 471, 902

† פּוֹל n.[m.] coll. beans (NH = BH; Ar. فُولُ; Eth. fal: Vulgate פּוֹלָא);—2 S 17:28, Ez 4:9, LXX κύαμος.

† פּוּל n.pr.m. = תִּגְלַת פְּלֶאסֶר (q.v.) (As. Pulu; Babylonian name of TP, Schr:SBAk 1887, 592; KB ii, 287, cf. 277 Tiele:Gesch 266 f.; cf. (through Pers. trad., EMey:Entstehung, 30) Πῶρος, Canon of Ptol. KAT:2, 490); 2 K 15:19, 15:19, 1 Ch 5:26, Φουα[λ].—Is 66:19, v. פוט.

† [פּוּן] vb. (?); only אָפוּנָה Ps 88:16; rd. prob. אֶפּוֹגָה, v. פוג, אָפוּנָה.

פּוֹנֶה 2 Ch 25:23 v. פִּנָּה. p. 819, פּוּנִי v. פּוּאָה. above

† פּוּנֹן n.pr.loc. 2nd station of Isr. fr. Hor Nu 33:42, 33:43, Φ(ε)ινω; betw. Petra and Zoar, famous for mines, Gk. Φινων, Φαινων Euseb:Onom. ed. Lag. 299, 85, v. also Ritter:Erdkunde, Asien. xiv, 125 ff. Seetzen:Reise iii, 17 (Kálaêt Phenân); perh. = Edom. n.pr.m. פִּינֹן q.v.

† פּוּעָה n.pr.f. a midwife Ex 1:15, Φουα.

† I. [פּוּץ] vb. be dispersed, scattered (NH = BH; perh. akin to Ar. فَضَّ break asunder, scatter);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יָפוּחוּ Ps 68:2, יָפֻחוּ Ez 48:16 +; 3 fpl. וַתְּפוּחֶינָה Ez 34:5 +, וּתְפוּחֶינָה Zc 13:7, etc.; Imv. mpl. פֻּחוּ 1 S 14:34; Pt. pass. pl. sf. פּוּחַי Zp 3:10 (v. infr.);—be dispersed, disperse, בָּעָם 1 S 14:34; be scattered, of enemies 1 S 11:11, Nu 10:35, Ps 68:2; of Isr. (among nations) under fig. of flock Ez 34:5, 34:5, Zc 13:7; בַּת־פּוּחַי Zp 3:10 is prob. crpt., and v:9, v:10 gloss v. Schwally:ZAW x (1890), 203 Now Da; of besieging army 2 S 20:22 (מֵעַל הָעִיר); people from (מִן) possessions Ez 46:18; men (from Babel) Gn 11:4 (עַל loc.). Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נָפ֫וֹחָה Je 10:21, 3 pl. נָפֹ֫חוּ Gn 10:18 +, 2 mpl. נְפֹחֹתֶם Ez 11:17 +, etc.; Pt. f. נָפ֫וֹחֶת 2 S 18:8 Qr (> Kt נפחות) cf. Dr al.; pl. נְפֹחִים 1 K 22:17, נְפוֹחִים 2 Ch 18:16; —

1. be scattered, of army 2 K 25:5 (מֵעַל pers.) = Je 52:8, 1 K 22:17 (אֶל loc.) = 2 Ch 18:16 (עַל), cf. Je 40:15 (abs.); of dispersed Isr. c. ב loc. Ez 11:17, 20:34, 20:41, 28:25, as flock Je 10:21, Ez 34:6 (עַל loc.), v:12 (שָׁם); Egyptians 29:13 (שָׁמָּה); of battle scattered over country by defeat 2 S 18:8.

2. be spread abroad, of peoples Gn 10:18.

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהֵפִיץ Dt 4:27 +, 1 s. consec. וַהֲפִיחוֹתִי Ez 22:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָפִיץ Jb 37:11, וַיָּ֫פֶץ Gn 11:8 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הָפֵץ Jb 40:11; Inf. cstr. לְהָפִיץ Ez 20:23, etc.;—1. trans. scatter: a. c. acc. pers. Gn 11:8, 11:9 (עַל loc.), Is 41:16, Hb 3:14; c. ב Gn 49:7; Isr. among (ב) nations Dt 4:27, 28:64, Je 9:15, Ez 11:16, 12:15, 20:23, 22:15, 36:19, Ne 1:8; c. (ה)שׁמ Dt 30:3, Je 30:11; c. אֶל loc. Ez 34:21; abs. Je 13:24, 18:17, under fig. of flock Je 23:1, 23:2; Gr. rds. אֲפִיחֵם also Dt 32:26 (v. [פאה]); Egyptians (c. ב) Ez 29:12, 30:23, 30:26; inhab. of earth Is 24:1. b. c. acc. rei, arrows (fig. for lightnings) 2 S 22:15 = Ps 18:15, Ps 144:6; cloud Jb 37:11; הָפֵץ עַבְרוֹת אַפְֶָּ 40:11 (i.e. lightnings ?); seed Is 28:25. c. וֶהֱפִיחֻהוּ Jb 18:11 and drive him (si vera 1., vid. conj. in Bu). 2. intrans., scatter, c. ב loc. Ex 5:12, c. מֵעַל pers. 1 S 13:8; of wind Jb 38:24 (עַל loc.).

807

† מֵפִיץ n. m. scatterer, disperser;—Na 2:2 (si vera 1.), but rd. perh. מַפֵּץ club, hammer JD Mich We Now; so also Pr 25:18, cf. Toy.

† [תְּפוֹחָה] assumed as sg. of n.f.pl. sf. וּתְפוֹחוֹתֵיכֶם Je 25:34 (so van d. H) your dispersions (Vulgate al.); but Baer Gi תִיכֶם-, expl. as vb. Tiph. 1 s. Thes al., so (rdg. תְּפִיחוֹתִיכֶם) Hi Gf Kö:i.471; word corrupt; Gr וְנִפַּחְתִּיכֶם, Gie וְנִפַּחְתֶּם.

† II. פּוּץ vb. flow, overflow (Ar. فَاضَ flow, cf. Ba:ES 69);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יָפוּחוּ Pr 5:16 of springs, fig. for sources of pleasure; 3 fpl. תְּפוּחֶנָה עָרַי מִטוֹב Zc 1:17 my cities shall overflow with good.

† I. [פּוּק] vb. reel, totter;—Qal Pf. 3 pl. פָּק֫וּ פְּלִילִיָּה Is 28:7 they reel (drunken, in giving) judgement (‖שָׁגוּ, תָּעוּ, etc.); rd. prob. also Impf. 3 fs. תָּפוּק Am 2:13 tottereth (v. עוק). Hiph. Impf.

1. totter: 3 ms. יָפִיק Je 10:4 (of idol).

2. rd. prob. also Pt. מֵפִיק Am 2:13 cause tottering (v. עוק).

† פּוּקָה n. f. tottering, staggering;—fig. for qualm of conscience 1 S 25:31 (+ מִכְשׁוֹל לֵב, v. Dr).

† פִּיק, פִּק n. [m.] id. lit.;—פִּק בִּרְכַּיִם Na 2:11 tottering of knees (so Baer Gi; פִּיק van d. H).

† II. פּוּק vb. Hiph. bring out, furnish, promote (NH id.; appar. akin to Aram. נְפַק go forth, Aph. bring forth, produce);—

1. produce, furnish: Impf. (juss.) וְתָפֵק לָרָעֵב Is 58:10 c. נַפְשְְׁ (rd. perh. לַחְמְְ v. Che:Hpt); Pt. מְפִיקִים מִזַּן אֶל־זַן Ps 144:13 (v. זַן).

2. bring out, elicit, obtain, c. acc.; יָפִיק Pr 3:13, + מִן pers., וַיָּפֶק 8:35, 18:22 (all ‖מחא), 12:2.

3. זְמָמוֹ אַל־תָּפֵק Ps 140:9 his device do not promote.

† פּוּר n.m. lot (NH=BH; perh. As. loanword fr. puru, buru, stone Jen:ZA x. 339 f. and in Wild:Est p. 173 f.);—expl. by הַגּוֹרָל Est 3:7, 9:24; שֵׁם הַפּוּר v:26 explains name of feast פּוּרִים v:26; יְמֵי הַפֻּרִים days of Purim v:28, v:31; אִגֶּרֶת הַפּ׳ v:29, דִּבְרֵי הַפּ׳ v:32.—Vid. on Purim esp. Now:Arch. ii. 194 ff and reff.

I. פור (√ of foll.; poss. foam, cf. Ar. (فور), فَارَ, boil, ferment; Syr. ܦܘܪ, Ethpe., of anger).

† פּוּרָה n.f. wine-press;—דָּרַכְתִּי פ׳ Is 63:3 (v. דָּרַח 3; disting. fr. יֶקֶב, and perh. part of it, Hg 2:16 (rdg. מִפּ׳, so Sm Now; usu. measure of juice from one filling of the פ׳, v. Ke).

† פָּרוּר n.[m.] pot (Thes fr. boiling, dub.; otherwise Kö:ii. 1, 151);—pot (earthen ? v. פרור Ecclus 13:2, Gk. χύτρα, opp. λέβης; Syr. ܦܶܪܕܳܐ ܕܦܰܚܳܪܳܐ jar of the potter, opp. ܐܺܝܪܳܐ), for boiling Nu 11:8 (JE), 1 S 2:14, cf. Ju 6:19 (LXX χύτρα), κύθρα).

II. פור v. II. פרר. p.830

† פּוֹרָתָא n.pr.m. son of Haman Est 9:8, Φαραδαθα, Βαρδαθα.

† I. [פּוּשׁ] vb. appar. spring about, Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וּפָשׁוּ פָּרָשָׁיו Hb 1:8 (but prob. del. וּפָשׁוּ as dittogr. v. Now); 2 mpl. consec. וּפִשְׁתֶּם Mal 3:20, Impf. 2 mpl. תָּפוּשׁוּ Je 50:11 Qr (so LXX; > Kt תפושׁי), in both, sim. of gambolling calves.

† II. [פּוּשׁ] vb. Niph. be scattered;—3pl. נָפ֫שׁוּ עַמְְּ עַל־הֶהָרִים Na 3:18 (rd. prob. נָפֹחוּ).

† פּוּתִי adj. gent. c.art. הַפּ׳ 1 Ch 2:53, a family in Judah; Μειφειθειμ, A Ηφιθειν, LXXL Αφφουθι.

808

פַּז v. I. פזו. below

† I. [פָּזַז] vb. Hoph. be refined (?) (dub. √);—Pt. זָהָב מוּפָָז 1 K 10:18 refined gold (si vera l.;—LXX δόκιμος, ‖ 2 Ch 9:17 טָהוֹר).

† פַּז n.m.:Ps 19:11 refined, pure gold (Talm. פִּיזָּא; Targum פִּיזּוּזָא);—עֲטֶרֶת פָָּז Ps 21:4; in compar. of value or beauty: La 4:2, אַדְנֵי־פ׳ Ct 5:15; ‖ (or +) זהב Jb 28:17 (כְּלִי־פ׳), Ps 19:11 (+ רָָב), 119:127; ‖כֶּתֶם Is 13:12, cf. כֶּתֶם פ׳ Ct 5:11; + חָרוּץ Pr 8:19.

† II. [פָּזַז] vb. be supple, agile (Talm. (rare) פְּזִיזָא hasty; Ar. فَزَّ be frightened, excited; Syr. (Lexx.) ܦܰܙ leap, ܦܰܙܺܝܙܳܐ agile, etc.);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּ֫פֹזוּ Gn 49:24, of arms. Pi. shew agility, leap (in dance), Pt. מְפַזֵּז וּמְכַרְכֵּר 2 S 6:16.

† [פָּזַר] vb. scatter (usually regarded as secondary form of בזר q.v.; NH id. Pi. (opp. כנס = כנשׁ), Niph.; Ar. فَزَرَ rend, slit, also separate, disperse);—Qal Pt. pass. f. שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Je 50:17 a scattered sheep is Israel (i.e. driven off, isolated). Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִפְזְרוּ Ps 141:7 our bones are scattered לִפִי שְׁאוֹל. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. פִּזַּר Ps 53:6, 112:9, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְפַזֵּר 147:16; 2 fs. וַתְּפַזְּרִי Je 3:13; Pt. מְפַזֵּר Pr 11:24; —scatter Ps 89:11, 53:6, 147:16 (all subj. י׳), Jo 4:2; obj. דְּרָכַיִךְ Je 3:13, of Isr. running hither and thither to strange gods; abs. of spending money Ps 112:9 (alms), Pr 11:24. Pu. Pt. מְפֻוָּר Est 3:3 scattered, of Isr.

I, II. פַּח v. פחח. p. 809

† פָּחַד vb. dread, be in dread, in awe (NH Hithp. (rare), Ecclus 41:12 Imv. פחד על fear for; Targum פַּחְדָּא n.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פָּחַד Ps 119:161, וּפ׳ consec. Is 19:16, 60:5; 1 s. פָּחַדְתִּי Jb 3:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְחָָד Is 19:17; 2 ms. תִּפְחָָד Dt 28:67 +, etc.;—

1. be in dread, abs. Dt 28:66, Is 12:2, 33:14, 44:8, 44:11, Ps 78:53, Pr 3:24; לאֹ פ׳ Je 36:24 sign of callousness; c. acc. cogn. פַּחַד Dt 28:67, Jb 3:25 Ps 14:5 = 53:6; c. מִן pers. Is 19:17, Jb 23:15, Ps 27:1 (‖יָרֵא), cf. 119:161, and (c. מִפְּנֵי) Is 19:16; c. עַל rei Je 33:9 (+ רָֽגְזוּ); c. אֶל, pregn., turn in dread to each other Je 36:16, submitting to י׳ Ho 3:5, Mi 7:17 (‖יָרֵא).

2. be in awe (at י׳'s favour), abs., Is 60:5. Pi. be in great dread, Impf. 2 ms. וַתְּפַחֵד Is 51:13, c. מִפְּנֵי rei; Pt. abs. מְפַחֵד Pr 28:14 deeply dreading (sc. sin). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְחַיד Jb 4:14 filled my bones with dread.

I. פַּ֫חַד:49 n.m.:1811,7 dread;—פ׳ abs. Gn 31:42 +, cstr. 1 S 11:7 +, sf. פַּחְדְְּ Dt 2:25, Ps 119:120, פַּחְדּוֹ Jb 13:11, 1 Ch 14:17, etc.; pl. פְּחָדִים Jb 15:21:—

1. dread, י׳פ׳, i.e. before י׳, oft. (not alw.) terrifying, unfitting for action, † Is 2:10, 2:19, 2:21, 1 S 11:7, 2 Ch 14:13, 17:10, so אֱהִֽים פ׳ † 20:29, c. sf. Jb 13:11, Ps 119:120 trembleth for dread of thee; c. genit. obj. Isr., † Dt 2:25 (‖יִרְאָה), 11:25 (‖מוֹרָא), Ps 105:38, Est 8:17, 9:2, אוֹיֵב פ׳ † Ps 64:2, of individual † 1 Ch 14:17, Est 9:3; c. genit. obj. rei Pr 1:33; abs., in gen., Ex 15:16 (song; ‖אֵימָ֫תָה), Jb 4:14 (‖רְעָדָה), Je 30:5 (‖קוֹל חֲרָדָה) +; as acc. cogn. c. פָּחַד Ps 14:5 + (v. פָּחַד); c. genit. subj. † Pr 1:26, 1:27 (both ‖אֵיד) Dt 28:67.

2. = object of dread † Ps 31:12, 36:2, אֵלַי פ׳ Jb 31:23; פַּחַד פָּחַדְתִּי † Jb 3:25; מִקּוֹל הַפַּחַד † Is 24:18 sound of the disaster, for מִפְּנֵי הַפּ׳ of orig. Je 48:44, but קוֹל פְּחָדִים † Jb 15:21 = a sound of terrors; פ׳ פִּתְאֹם 22:10, Pr 3:25.

3. as design. dei † יִחְחָק פ׳ Gn 31:42 (‖אֱהֵֽי אַבְרָהָם), so v:53 (‖ id.; both E).

† [פַּחְדָּה] n.f. dread, religious awe, sf. לאֹ פַּחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִח Je 2:19 no awe of me (came) unto thee.

† II. [פַּ֫הַד] n.[m.] thigh (prob. loan-word (through Aram., otherwise ܕ = ז) from Ar. فَخِذُ thigh and (cf. We:GGN, 1893, 479) sub-tribe, Palm. פחד tribe);—גִּידֵי פַחְדּוֹ Jb 40:17 Kt the sinews of his thigh (Qr פְּחָדָיו), of hippopotamus.

פֶּחָה:28 n.m.:2 K 18:24 governor (loan-word fr. As. paḫâti [abbrev. from bel paḫâti], lord of a district; cf. perh. OAram. פחי governor);—abs. הַפּ׳ Ne 5:14, cstr. פַּחַ֫ת Hg 1:1 +, פֵּחַת־ 2:21; sf. פֶּחָחְֶָ Mal 1:8, פֶּחָם Ne 5:14 (but read prob. פֶּחָה); pl. abs. פַּחוֹת 1 K 20:24 +; cstr. פַּחוֹת 10:15 = 2 Ch 9:14, פַּחֲווֹת Ezr 8:36 +; sf. פַּחוֹתֶיהָ Je 51:28, 51:57; —as Assyr. captains 2 K 18:24 = Is 36:9 (< del. פ׳, cf. Sta:ZAW vi (1886), 182 al.), cf. Ez 23:6, 23:12; of Babylon Je 51:23, 51:57, and Bab. allies Ez 23:23; of Media Je 51:28; Pers. governor of עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר, i. e. in Pal., Hg 1:1, 1:14, 2:2, 2:21, Ne 2:7, 2:9 + 8 t.; Pers. satraps in gen. Est 3:12, 8:9, 9:3; applied (by late writer) to Sol.'s governors 1 K 10:15 = 2 Ch 9:14; Benhadad's captains 1 K 20:24 (del. v., Sta al.).—Cf. BAram.

† [פָּחַז] vb. be wanton, reckless (NH id. (rare); Ar. فَخَزَ be haughty, boastful, reckless; Targum פְּחַז, Syr. ܦܚܶܙ be lascivious, in der. spec. and deriv.);—Qal Pt. אֲנָשִׁים רֵיקִים וּפֹחֲזִים Ju 9:4; of prophets Zp 3:4 extravagant (‖אַנְשֵׁי בֹּגְדוֹת).

† פַּ֫חַז n.[m.] wantonness, recklessness, unbridled license;—Gn 49:4, abstr. for concr. (+ כַּמַּיִם like [boiling, or overflowing] water).

† [פַּחֲזוּת] n.f. recklessness, extravagance;—sf. תָם- Je 23:32 of prophets.

809

פחח (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; cf. Aram. פָּחָא, ܦܰܚܳܐ, whence (Frä:119) Ar. فَخُّ as loan-word).

† I. פַּח n.m.:Ps 124:7 bird-trap (cf. Wilkinson:Egyptians (1878) ii, 103, 109 f. Dr:Am 3:5 Hoffm:ZAW iii (1883), 101);—פ׳ abs. Ho 5:1 +, פָָּךְ Je 48:44 +; cstr. פַּךְ Ho 9:8 +; pl. פַּחִים Je 18:22 +;—

1. lit. יַעֲלֶה פ׳ Am 3:5 b (as metaph.; v:a del. פ׳), Pr 7:23, Ec 9:12 (c. אָחוּז; both in sim.).

2. usually fig. (sts. ‖מוֹקֵשׁ, רֶשֶׁת, חַמִּים): a. of calamities and plots, יָקוֹשׁ פ׳ Ho 9:8, cf. Ps 91:3, 124:7; פ׳ alone Je 48:43 = Is 24:17, Jb 22:10, Ps 124:7, Pr 22:5; לְ טָמַן פ׳ Je 18:22 Ps 140:6, 142:4; לְ נָחַן פ׳ 119:110, לְ יָקַשׁ פ׳ 141:9; יאֹחֵז בְּעָקֵב פ׳ Jb 18:9; יִלָּכֵד בֵּפּ׳ Je 48:44 = Is 24:18. b. = source or agent of calamity Ho 5:1, Jos 23:13 (D), Is 8:14, Ps 69:23.—Ps 11:6 v. פֶּחָם. below

† [פָּחַח] vb. Hiph. denom. ensnare; Inf. abs. הָפֵחַ כֻּלָּם Is 42:22, c. בְּ loc. an ensnaring [i. e. men have ensnared] them all in, etc.

† II. [פַּח] n.[m.] plate of metal; pl. דִקֻּעֵי פַחִים Nu 17:3; cstr. וַיְרַקְּעוּ אֶת־פַּחֵי הַזָּהָב Ex 39:3.

פחם (√ of foll.; cf. prob. Ar. فَخُمَ be black, NH פָּחַם id. (in der. spec.), פֶּחָם = BH; Ar. فَخْمُ charcoal; As. pêntu (= *pêmtu) glowing coal; Syr. ܦܚܰܡ in Lexx).

† פֶּחָם n.[m.] coal (coll.); abs. פ׳, as inflammable, לְגֶחָלִים פ׳ Pr 26:21 (charcoal for embers, Toy); of glowing coal Is 44:12, אֵשׁ פ׳ 54:16; Ps 11:6 for MT פַּחִָים אֵשׁ read פַּחַם אֵשׁ (or פַּחֲמֵי) coals of fire (‖גָּפְרִית), so Ew al.

פחת (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. فَخَتَ cut off, VII. be perforated (of roof); Syr. ܦܚܬ Pa. pierce, break through, ܦܰܚܬܳܐ pit, chasm; NH פָּחַת dig, hollow out, also diminish).

† פַּ֫חַת n.m.:2 S 18:17 (in 17:9 rd. בְּאַחַד) pit;—פ׳ abs. Je 48:43 +, פָָּחַת v:28; pl. פְּחָתִים 2 S 17:9; —pit, 2 S 17:9, 18:17, Je 48:28 (Gie qu. text); fig. of calamity וָפָָח פַּחַד וָפ׳ Je 48:43 cf. v:44, v:44 = Is 24:17 cf. v:18, v:18 and La 3:47.

† פְּחֶ֫תֶת n.f. a boring or eating out;—Lv 13:55, of leprous decay in garment.

† פַּ֫חַת מוֹאָב n.pr.m. post-exil. name;—מ׳ בֶּן־פ׳ Ne 3:11 (Φααβ[θ]μωαβ, LXXL Ερωμαθ), בְּנֵי־פ׳ מ׳ Ezr 2:6 = Ne 7:11, Ezr 8:4 (all Φααθμωαβ, etc.), 10:30; מ׳ פ׳ Ne 10:15 (both Φααδ[θ]μωαβ, etc.).

† פִּטְדָה n.f. (m. acc. to Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 108) topaz or chrysolite (acc. to LXX τοπάζιον, Vulgate topazius, etc.; prob. foreign word, cf. Skr. pîta (prop. yellow));—named with other precious stones Ez 28:13, Ex 28:17 = 39:10; cstr. פִּטְדַת־כּוּשׁ Jb 28:19.—Vid. Plin:NH xxxvii. 8 (32), Houghton in Sm:DB, Topaz Ri:HWB, Edelstein.

† פַּטִּישׁ n.m.:Je 50:23 forge-hammer;—(NH = BH; Aram. loan-word acc. to Frä:85, and so Ar. فِطِّيسُ (cf. Ar. trad. in Lane), v. Targum פַּטִּישָׁא; but Lag:BN 103 cp. فِطِّيسَةُ swine's snout, Syr. ܦܛܰܫ flat-nosed);—פ׳ abs. Is 41:7, Je 23:29; cstr. 50:23 fig. of Bab. as destroyer.

† פָּטַר vb. separate, remove, set free (NH depart, set free, Niph. also die; Ph. פטר CIS:102 a, 2 depart (die ?); As. paṭâru, split, break through, ipṭiru, ransom, Tel Am. escape, set free (perh. Canaanit.); Ar.فَطَرَ cleave, split, also create; Eth. fat’ara: create, fabricate; Aram. פְּטַר, ܦܛܰܪ withdraw, depart);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 Ch 23:8; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְטַר 1 S 19:10; Pt. act. פּוֹטֵר Pr 17:14; pass. פִּטוּרִים 1 Ch 9:33 Qr (Kt פטירים); cstr. פְּטוּרֵי 1 K 6:18, 6:29, 6:32, פְּטֻרֵי v:35; —

1. intrans. remove oneself, specif. escape 1 S 19:10 (מִפְּנֵי, cf. Dr).

2. trans. set free fr. duty 2 Ch 23:8 (acc. pers.), so pass. 1 Ch 9:33 Qr (Kt פטירים adj. or Aram. pt., same mng.); יִם פ׳ Pr 17:14 set free, let out; pass. פְּטוּרֵי חִצִּים term. techn. of ornament in temple, dub., usually out-spread (garlands) of flowers 1 K 6:18, 6:29, 6:32, 6:35. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַפְטִירוּ בְשָׂפָה Ps 22:8 they separte with the lip, i. e. open mouth wide (insultingly).

† פֶּ֫טֶר n.[m.] that which separates, first opens;—cstr., רֶחֶם פּ׳ i. e. firstborn, of man and beast, Ez 20:26, Ex 13:12, 13:15, 34:19, Nu 18:15; appos. בְּכוֹר Ex 13:2, Nu 3:12; רֶחֶם om. Ex 13:12, 13:13, 34:19, 34:20.

† [פִּטְרָה] n.f. id., פִּטְרַת כָּל־רֶחֶם Nu 8:16.

פטיר 1 Ch 9:33 Kt v. פטר 2.

פִּי v. פֶּה. p. 804

† פִּי־בֶ֫סֶת n.pr.loc. in Egypt (Pabast, Eb:GS 495, or Per-Bastet, Griffith:Hastings DB iii. 874, ‘House of Bast(et)’ orig. Peái-wbaste acc. to Steind:BAS i. 350, cf. Naville:Bubastis 44, 46, 48, 56, Gk. Βούβαστις (Herod.), Βούβαστος (Diod. Sic.));—Ez 30:17 LXX Βουβάστου (genit.), mod. Tel-Basṭa, near Zaḳaziḳ, c. 30 miles NNE. fr. Cairo.—Vid. Herod.:ii. 59 f., 67, 137 f., 166 Diod.:xvi. 49, 51 Naville:l. c.; Trans. Vict. Inst. xxiii. 137 ff.

† פִּי הַחִירֹת n.pr.loc. on E. border of Egypt, Ex 14:2, 14:9 (LXX ἡ ἔπαυλις), Nu 33:7 (E (π)ιρωθ) + v:8 (read מִפִּי ה׳ Sam SyrVer Vulgate Targum,) or מִפְּנֵי פִי ה׳, for MT מִפְּנֵי ה׳, cf. Di). Site unknown.

810

פיד, פוד (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. فود, فَادَ die, فيد, فَادَ pass away, be exhausted (of property)).

† פִּיד n. [m.] ruin, disaster;—abs. Jb 12:5; cstr. 31:29, Pr 24:22; sf. פִּידוֹ Jb 30:24 + 21:20 (for כִּיד).

פִּיּוֹת, פֵּיוֹת v. פֶּה. פִּיחַ v. פוח. p. 804, 806

† פִּיכֹל n.pr.m. captain of Abimelech of Gerar Gn 21:22, 21:32, 26:26, Φικολ, LXXL Φιχολ.

פִילֶגֶשׁ v. פִּלֶנֶשׁ. p. 811

פים, perh. < פאם (√ of foll., cf. Ar. فَأَمَ fill, II. make wide, IV. become full (of fat); hence (Thes al.) foll., by syncope of א, cf. Ges:§ 19 k).

† פִּימָה n. f. superabundance (of fat);—פ׳ Jb 15:27 (‖חֶלְגּוֹ.

פִּינְחָס:25 n.pr.m. (Egypt. Pe-nehasi, the negro, acc. to Lauth:Moses (1868). 71, ZMG xxv (1871), 130 f. cf. Nes:Eg 112, AJSL xiii (1897) 174 Baen:Ex 6, 25, yet v. Di);—

1. grandson of Aaron, Φ(ε)ινεες, Ex 6:25, Nu 25:7 + 16 t. †

2. son of Eli 1 S 1:3 († פְּנְחָם), 2:34, 4:4, 4:11, 4:17, 4:19, 14:3.

† פִּינֹן n.pr.m. Edomite Gn 36:41, 1 Ch 1:52, Φινες, Φινων, Φινα;—cf. פּוּנֹן.

פִּיפִיּוֹת v. פֶּה. פִּיק v. I. פוק. p. 804, 807

† פִּישׁוֹן n.pr.fl. (Thes sub פושׁ, cf. esp. Nes:Marg. 5, but dub.);—one of the rivers of Eden Gn 2:11, Φ(ε)ισων, (on theories of identif. v. Comm., also reff. sub גִּיחוֹן).

† פִּיתוֹן n.pr.m. descendant of Saul 1 Ch 8:35 = פִּיתֹן 9:41, Φιθων, Φαιθων, LXXL Φιθωθ.

פכך (√ of foll.; cf. NH פֵּךְ flask, also פִּכְפֵּךְ trickle, denom., or < onomatop.).

† פַּךְ n.m.:2 K 9:1 vial, flask;—cstr. הַשֶּׁמֶן פ׳, for anointing, 1 S 10:1, 2 K 9:1, 9:3.

† פָּכָה vb. Pi. tickle, perh. denom.;—Pt. pl. מַיִם מְפַכִּים מִן Ez 47:2 water trickling on the south side.

† פֹּכֶ֫רֶת הַחְבָיִם n.pr.m. (bindress [Aram.; perh. binder (fem. of office)] of the gazelles);—head of post-exilic family, ה׳ בְּנֵי פ׳ Ezr 2:57 = Ne 7:59 (הַצְּבָיִים, υἱοὶ Φασραθ υἱοὶ Ασεβωειν (Φακαραθ, Σαβαειμ, etc.).

פלא (√ of foll.; separate from the ordinary, distinguish acc. to Thes Gerber:212, cf. פלה).

† פֶּ֫לֶא n.m. wonder (NH id.; as unusual, extraordinary);—פ׳ Ex 15:11 + 6 t.; sf. פִּלְאְֲ Ps 89:6; פִּלְאְֶָ 77:12, 88:13, pl. פְּלָאִים La 1:9; fpl. פְּלָאוֹת Ps 119:129, Dn 12:6; —

1. wonder: extraordinary, hard to be understood, God's dealings with His people Is 29:14; the testimonies of the Law Ps 119:129; פֶּלֶא יוֹעֵץ Is 9:5 marvel of a counsellor (Baer פֵּלֶא), wonderful counsellor (of Mess. king); pl. as adv. acc. וַתֵּרֶד פ׳ La 1:9 she (Jerus.) hath come down marvelously.

2. wonder: of God's acts of judgment and redemption Ps 77:12, 88:13, 89:6; עשׂה פ׳ Ex 15:11, Is 25:1, Ps 77:15, 78:12, 88:11; of extraord. trials קֵץ הפ׳ Dn 12:6.

[פָּלָא]:71 vb. denom. Niph. etc., be surpassing, extraordinary (cf. Gerber:212);—Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִפְלָאת Ps 118:23 (Ges:§ 44f); נִפְלְאַ֫תָה 2 S 1:26 (Kö:i. 610 f., 614 Ges:§ 75 oo); 3 pl. נִפְלְאוּ Pr 30:18; Impf. יִפָּלֵא Dt 17:8 + 6 t.; Pt. mpl. נִפְלָאִים Ps 139:14; fs. נִפְלֵאת Dt 30:11; pl. נִפְלָאוֹת Jos 3:5 +; sf. נִפְלְאֹתַי Ex 3:20, etc.;—†

1. be beyond one's power, difficult to do, לעשׂות 2 S 13:2; בְּעֵינֵי פ׳ Zc 8:6, 8:6; c. מן pers. too difficult for Dt 30:11, for י׳ Gn 18:14 (J) Je 32:17, 32:27. †

2. be difficult to understand; c. מן pers. too difficult for Ps 131:1, Pr. 30:18, Jb 42:3, to decide Dt 17:8. Esp. †

3. a. be extraordinary, wonderful, 2 S 1:26, Ps 119:18; of God's acts, בְּעֵנֵינוּ נ׳ 118:23, cf. 139:14. 2. Pt. as subst. marvellous things Jb 37:14 (acts of God), Dn 11:36 (presumptuous words); as adv. wondrously Jb 37:5, Dn 8:24.

4. נִפְלָאוֹת = wonderful acts of י׳ in judgment and redemption, Ex 3:20 (J) Ju 6:13, Je 21:2, 1 Ch 16:9, 16:24, Ps 9:2, 26:7 + 15 t. PsalmPsalm; also עשׂה נ׳ Ex 34:10, Jos 3:5 (J) Jb 5:9 = 9:10, + 9 t. Chr PsalmPsalm; הראה נ׳ Mi 7:15, Ps 78:11. † Pi. Inf. cstr. לְפַלֵּא נֶדֶר make a special votive offering, Lv 22:21, Nu 15:3, 15:8 (P). Hiph. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְלִיא Ps 31:22, 2 Ch 26:15; הִפְלִא Is 28:29; וְהִפְלָא consec. Dt 28:59 (Ges:§ 75 oo); Impf. יַפְלִא Lv 27:2, Nu 6:2; Inf. abs. הַפְלֵא Is 29:14, 2 Ch 2:8; cstr. הַפְלִיא Is 29:14, Jo 2:26; Pt. מַפְלִא Ju 13:19; —1. do a hard or difficult thing: נֶדֶר (לִנְדֹּר) הפ׳ make a hard vow Lv 27:2, Nu 6:2 (cf. Pi.). 2. make wonderful, do wondrously: of God, מַכּוֹת הפ׳ make plagues wonderful (exceptional), Dt 28:59; עֵחָה הפ׳ Is 28:29 make counsel wondrous, 29:14 do wonderfully with people, + הַפְלֵא וָפֶלֶא; עשׂה עמכם לה׳ Jo 2:26 dealt with you doing wondrously; חַסְדּוֹ לִי הפ׳ Ps 31:22; לְהֵעָוֵר הפ׳ 2 Ch 26:15 did marvelously in receiving help; of the temple גָּדוֹל וְהַפְלֵא 2 Ch 2:8 (Kö:Synt. § 318 e). 3. of God, מַפְלִא לעשׂות Ju 13:19 working wonders in doing. † Hithp. Impf. תִּתְפַּלָּא בִי Jb 10:16 thou dost shew thyself marvellous (act inexplicably) against me.

811

† פַּלּוּא n. pr. m. (DHM: Epigr. Denkm. 9, 1 cp. Lihy. n.pr. פלה);—son of Reuben Gn 46:9, Ex 6:14, Nu 26:5, 26:8, 1 Ch 5:3, Φαλλου(ς), etc.; v. also פֶּלֶת.

† פַּלֻּאִי adj. gent. of foregoing, c. art. as n. coll., Nu 26:5.

[פָּלִיא] v. following.

† [פִּלְאִי] adj. wonderful, incomprehensible;—m. פלאי (i.e. פִּלְאִי) Kt, Ju 13:18 (name of מַלְאַח י׳; > Qr (א)פֶּ֫לִי); f. פלאיה דַעַת מִמֶּנִּי (i.e. פִּלְאִיָה) Ps 139:6 God's knowledge; > Qr פְּלִיאָה.

† פְּלָאיָה n.pr. m. Ne 8:7, 10:11, LXXL Φαλαιας.

† פְּלָיָה n.pr. m. (late As. Pi-lîâma Hilpr:Univ. Pa. Exp. ix. 68);—1 Ch 3:24, Φαρα, Φαλαια, Φαδια.

† [מִפְלָאָה] n.f. wondrous work (si vera l.);—pl. cstr. מִפְלְאוֹת Jb 37:16 (of providence; but read probably נִפְלְאוֹת Bu SS, cf. Di).

† [פָּלַג] vb. split, divide (NH chiefly in secondary meanings and deriv.; Ar. فَلَجَ divide, split; Aram. פְּלֵיג, ܦܠܰܓ divide; Eth. falaga: ravine, stream; As. palgu, canal);—Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִפְלְגָה Gn 10:25 the earth was divided. Pi. 1. Pf. 3 ms. gL'Pi Jb 38:25 cleave a channel for rain. 2. Imv. ms. פַּלַּג (Ges:§ 52 n) Ps 55:10 divide their speech (their counsels).

† I. פֶּ֫לֶג n. m.:Ps 65:10 (cleft) channel, (artif.) canal;—usu. pl. פְּלָנִים Is 30:25 ( + יִבְלֵי־מָָיִם); cstr. פַּלְגֵי־מַיִם Ps 1:3, sim. Is 32:2, Pr 21:1, metaph. 5:16, of tears La 3:48, Ps 119:136; פְּלָגָיו Ps 46:5 (i.e. irrigating canals fr. river, metaph.); פַּלְגֵי־שָָׁמֶן Jb 29:6 (fig. of prosperity); sg. פֶּלֶג אֱלֽהִים Ps 65:10, poet. of channel for rain (cf. Jb 38:25).

† II. פֶּ֫לֶג n. pr. m. son of Eber, Φαλεκ, LXXL Φαλεγ: Gn 10:25, 11:17, 11:18, 11:19, 1 Ch 1:19, 1:25, פָָּלֶג Gn 11:16.

† [פְּלַגָּה] n.f. 1. stream 2. division;—pl. פְּלַגּוֹת:

1. streams Jb 20:17.

2. divisions, sections of tribe, פ׳ cstr. Ju 5:15, 5:16 (read perhaps פְּלֻגּוֹת, v. following), > streams..

† [פְּלֻגָּה] n.f. division (= מַחֲלֽקֵת q. v.), of priests, for service;—pl. cstr. פְּלֻגּוֹת 2 Ch 35:5.

† [מִפְלַגָּה] n.f. id.; pl. abs. מִפְלַגּוֹת 2 Ch 35:12.

פִּלֶ֫גֶשׁ, פִּילֶ֫גֶשׁ:37 n. f. concubine (NH id.; Targum:Jer פִּילַּקְתָּא (פַּלְקְתָא), perhaps influenced by Gk. παλλακή, παλλακίς (prop. young girl), Lat. pellex; orig. Gk. word acc. to Sta:G. i. 380, cf. also Lewy:Fremdw. 66f; on poss. Hittite origin v. Jen:ZMG xiviii (1894), 468 ff.);—פִּ׳ abs. 2 S 3:7, cstr. 21:11, פִּי׳ abs. Gn 36:12, Ju 19:1, cstr. Gn 35:22 + 4 t.; sf. פִּילַגְשׁוֹ 22:24 +, שֵׁהוּ- Ju 19:24; שִׁי- 20:4 + 2 t.; pl. פִּלַגְשִׁים 2 S 5:13 + 2 t., פִּי׳ Gn 25:6 + 5 t.; cstr. פִּלַגְשֵׁי 2 S 16:21, 16:22; sf. פִּילַגְשָׁיו 2 Ch 11:21, פִּלַגְשֶׁיְ 2 S 19:6, פִּלַגְשֵׁיהֶם Ez 23:20; —

1. concubine Gn 22:24, 25:6, 35:22, 36:12, Ju 8:31, 19:1 + 10 t. Ju 19, 20, 2 S 3:7, 3:7 + 7 t. 2 S, 1 K 11:3, 1 Ch 1:32 + 6 t. Ch, Est 2:14, Ct 6:8, 6:9.

2. either = paramour (perhaps contempt.; ὁ πάλλαξ = youth), or < concubinage Ez 23:20 (fig. of Jerusalem doting on Babylon).

† [פְּלָדָה] n. f. usu. iron, steel (origin dub.; steel in Ar. is فُولَاذُ, فَالُوذ, but Vulg. Ar. بُولَاد; Syr. ܦܘܠܕ (in Lexx); loan-wd. fr. Pers. puwla0d acc. to Lag:Ges. Abh. 75, cf. Nö:ZMG xxx(1876), 769, but uncertain, cf. Now and reff.);—pl. [abs.!] בְּאֵשׁ־פְּלָדֹת הָרֶכֶב Na 2:4 < כָּאֵשׁ פִּלְדֹת וגו׳ We Now, like fire the steel(fittings) of the chariots.

† פִּלְדָּשׁ n. pr. m. Nahorite Gn 22:22, Φαλδας.

† [פָּלָה] vb. Niph. be separated, distinct (‖ form of פלא q. v.; cf. Ar. فلو, فَلَأَ separate from sucking, wean; Eth. falaya: separate, distinguish);—

1. Pf. 1 pl. consec. וְנִפְלִינוּ Ex 33:16 and we shall be distinct, c. מִן pers.

2. 1 s. נִפְלֵיתִי Ps 139:14 I am wonderful (viz. in bodily stature etc.); < VrssHupNow Bae We תָ- thou [י׳] art wonderful (פלא 3). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְלָה Ps 4:4, וְה׳ consec. Ex 9:4; 1 s. וְהִפְלֵיתִי consec. 8:18; Impf. 3 ms. יַפְלֶה 11:7; Imv. ms. הַפְלֵה Ps 17:7; —of י׳, make separate, c. acc. Ex 8:18 (by treating differently); set apart Ps 4:4, but perh. read חֶסֶד לִי (for Mt חָסִיד לוֹ), hath made wonderful (his) kindness to me (Dy Gr Che We Du [Bae ‘ perh. ’]), so 17:7 (cf. 31:22); distinguish between, בֵּין rei, Ex 9:4, בֵּין pers. 11:7.

† I. פְּלֽנִי pron. a certain one; Gk. ὁ, ἡ δεῖνα (acc. to Thes from above √, through an unused noun פָּלֽן, prop. one defined, a particular one: NH id.; Aram. ܦܠܳܢ, f. ܦܠܳܢܺܝܬܳܐ; Arab. فُلَانُ W:AG i.§ 353 R.c, voc. فُلُ Siegf:ZW Th xxvii. 355; As pulpul Hpt:BAS i. 114), always joined with חַלְמֹנִי (prop. one not mentioned) in the sense of ‘ ein gewisser verschwiegener ’ (Ew:§ 106 c, 2 Sta:§ 150 b), &ls a certain unnamed one ’ , i.e. such a one; Ru 4:1 שְׁבָה־פֹּה פְּלֽנִי אַלְמֹנִי sit down here, such a one (Gk. ὦ οὗτος; Ar. يَا فُلُ); in the phr. א׳ מְקוֹם פ׳ the place of such a one = such and such a place, 1 S 21:3, 2 K 6:8. From א׳ פ׳ arose by contraction (or conflation, Perles:Anal.82) פַּלְמֹנִי † Dn 8:13 ויאמר הַמְדַבֵּר לַפּ׳ to that certain onewho spake.—II.

812

פְּלֽנִי v. p. 813.

† [פָּלַח] vb. cleave(Ar. فَلَحَ cleave; Aram. פְּלַח (usu.),ܦܠܰܚ, are till, work, serve [= עָבַד]);—Qal Pt. פֹּלֵחַ Ps 141:7 of cleaving, ploughing, בָּאָרֶץ (‖בקע). Pi. Impf.

1. cleave open, through, 3 ms. יְפַלַּח of piercing kidneys Jb 16:13, liver Pr 7:23 (both fig.); וַיְּפַלַּח אֶל 2 K 4:39 of cutting up (fruit) into pot.

2. cause to cleave open, 3 fpl. יַלְדֵיהֶן תְּפַלַּחְנָה Jb 39:3 of animals bringing forth young; rd. perh. תְּפַלַּטְנָה (21:10).

† פֶּ֫לַח n.f. Jb 41:16 cleavage, mill-stone (mill cleft betw. the stones ? cf. GFM:Ju; Targum פִּלְחָא) ;—פ׳ abs. Jb 41:16, elsewh. cstr. ;—1.a. mill-stone, רֶכֶב פ׳ mill-stone of riding, i.e. upper stone, wh. is turned (cf. רֶכֶב), Ju 9:53, 2 S 11:21; תַּחְתִּית פ׳ Jb 41:16 lower mill-stone (sim. of hardness).b. דְּבֵלָה פ׳ 1 S 30:12 a cake of figs (from shape ?). 2. cleavage, split, hence slice הָרִמּוֹן פ׳ Ct 4:3=6:7 sim. of human temple (from colour, cf. Wetzst in De:Comm. Excurs.A).

† פִּלְחָא (Baer פִּלְחָה) n.pr.m. post-exilic name Ne 10:25; Φαδαεις, LXXL Φαλλαει.

† [פָּלַט] vb. escape (NH id.; Ph. in n.pr.; Ar. فلت IV escape, Vulg. Ar. فلط ; OAram. פלט Pa. rescue, Targum פְּלַט Syr. ܦܠܰܛ);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וּפָֽלְטוּ Ez 7:16 and (if) escapers of them escape). Pi. causat.: Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְפַלְּטֵם; 2 ms. תְּפַלֵּט Mi 6:14, etc.; Imv. ms. פַּלְּטָה Ps 17:13, etc.; Pt. sf. מְפַלְּטִי 18:3 +;—

1. bring into security Mi 6:14; esp. of י׳, deliver, c. acc. pers., Ps 22:5, 22:9, 31:2, 37:40, 71:2 (+ הִחִיל), 82:4, 91:14; + מִן from 2 S 22:44 = Ps 18:44, Ps 18:49 (מוֹחִיא ‖ 2 S 22:49), 17:13, 37:40, 43:1, 71:4; pt. c. sf.,my deliverer 2 S 22:2 = Ps 18:3, Ps 40:18, 70:6, 144:2.

2. cause to escape, cast forth, of cow calving Jb 21:10 (cf. [מָלַט] Hiph., also Targum vomit out, and so ܦܰܠܶܛ).

3. appar. intrans. be delivered, c. מִן Jb 23:7, but dub.; Bu Qal (‘perh.’); LXX Du read מִשְׁפָּטִי as obj. (but elsewhere י׳ subj. of Pi.). Hiph. bring into security; Impf. 3 ms. יַפְלִיט Is 5:29 of Assyria, under fig. of lion, carrying off prey (opp. הִצִּיל); 2 ms. תַּפְלִיט Mi 6:l4 (cf. Pi.1. ).

† פֶּ֫לֶט n.pr.m. 1. 1 Ch 2:47, Φαλεκ[γ, τ]. 2. 1 Ch 12:3, ΙωΦαλητ, Φαλετ, etc.—Vid. בֵּית פָָּלֶט

I. פַּלְטִי adj.gent. v. בֵּית פָָּלֶט

† פַּלֵּט n.[m.] deliverance (si vera l., prop. Inf. of foregoing);—רָנֵּי פ׳ Ps 32:7 shouts of deliverance (dub., v. Comm.); עַל־אָוֶן פַּלֶּט־לָָמוֹ 56:8, read פַּלֶּס־ (Ew Hup al.) for (their) iniquity weigh to them (retribution), or עַל־אָוֶן אֵין פַּלֶּט־ Bae.

† פָּלִיט n.m.:Am 9:1 escaped one, fugitive;—פ׳ abs. 2 K 9:15 +; pl. cstr. פְּלִיטֵי Ju 12:4 + ; sf. פְּלִיטָיו Ob:14, etc.;—Am 9:1, 2 K 9:15, Gn 14:13, Ez 24:26, 24:27, 33:21 ( + מִן loc.), v:22; שָׂרִיד וּפ׳ Jos 8:22, Je 42:17; וְשָׂרִיד פ׳ 44:14, La 2:22; c. genit. subj. Ju 12:5 fugitives of Ephr. (del. in v:4, see GFM), so c. sf. Ez 6:9, 7:16, Ob:14; c. genit. obj., escaped of, i.e. from Is 45:20, so פְּלִיטֵי חֶרֶב Je 44:28, Ez 6:8.

† [פָּלֵיט] n.m. id.;—pl. פְּלֵיטִם Nu 21:29 (as appos., or adj.), ים—ִ Is 66:19; פְּלֵטִים Je 44:14, + מִן from 50:28, 51:50.

† פְּלֵיטָה n.f. escape (on form cf. Ba:NB 144, 166);—abs. פ׳ Gn 32:9 +, פְּלֵטָה Ex 10:5 +; cstr. פְּלֵיטַת 2 K 19:30 +;—

1. escape, deliverance Gn 45:7 (E) Je 25:35.

2. elsewh. prob. alw. escaped remnant: a. of green things (fr. locusts) Ex 10:5 (J) Jo 2:3. b. of pers. Gn 32:9 (J) Ju 21:17, Is 15:9, Je 50:29, 1 Ch 4:43, 2 Ch 12:7, 20:24, 30:6, Ezr 9:8, Dn 11:42; + מִפְּנֵי 2 S 15:14. c. specif. of those of Judah escaped fr. Assyr. 2 K 19:30, 19:31 (+ מִן) = Is 37:31, 37:32, cf. Is 10:20; fr. Bab. Ne 1:2, Ezr 9:13, 9:14, 9:15, cf. Ez 14:22; after י׳'s future judgment Is 4:2, Ob:17, Jo 3:5.

† II. פַּלְטִי n.pr.m. Φαλτει (perh. abbrev. fr. פַּלְטִיאֵל;—

1. Benjamite Nu 13:9.

2. second husband of Michal 1 S 25:44 (= פַּלְטִיאֵל 2 S 3:15).

† פִּלְטָָי n.pr.m. priest Ne 12:7, Φελητει, etc.

† פַּלְטִיאֵל n.pr.m. Φαλτ(ε)ιηλ :

1. Nu 34:26.

2. 2 S 3:15(= פַּלְטִי 1 S 25:44), LXXL Φαλτιου.

† פְּלֵטְיָ֫הוּ, פְּלַטְיָה n.pr.m. Φαλτιας, Φαλεττι(α), etc.:—

1. יָהוּ-, a prince of people Ez 11:1, 11:13.

2. יָה-, grandson of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:21, perh. = Ne 10:23.

3. יָה-, Simeonite 1 Ch 4:42.

† יַפְלֵט n.pr.m. Asherite (on form cf. Ba:NB 144, 166);—1 Ch 7:33, 7:33, also v:32 (Gi יַפְלָט); Ιφαμηλ, Αφαληκ,etc., Α Ιαφαλητ.

† יַפְלֵטִי adj.gent c. art. as n. coll. הַי׳ the Japhlites Jos 16:3, family or clan on SW. border of Ephraim; Απταλειμ, A ΙεΦαλθι, LXXL ΙεΦλητι.

† מִפְלָט n.[m.] escape (Hup Bae) or place of escape (We Du);—Ps 55:9 si vera 1.; LXX Che מְפַלֵּט deliverer.

813

פְּלִי, פְּלָיָה v. פלא. p. 811

פלך (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. فَلَكَ II. be round (esp. hemispherical), فَلْكَةُ whirl of spindle, so As. pilakku; NH = BH; Targum פֶּ לֶךְ circuit, district; As. also pilku, district).

† פֶּ֫לֶךְ n.[m.]

1. whirl of spindle.

2. district (prop. circle, circuit);—abs. פ׳ 2 S 3:29, פָָּלֶךְ Pr 31:19; cstr. פֶּלֶךְ Ne 3:9 +; sf. פִּלְכּוֹ v:17; —1. whirl of spindle, 2 S 3:29 (prob., v. Dr), Pr 31:19 (‖כִּישׁוֹר). 2. district, Ne 3:9, 3:12, 3:14, 3:15, 3:16, 3:17, 3:17, 3:18.

[פָּלַל]:84 vb. prob. intervene, interpose (hence both arbitrate, judge, and intercede, pray, cf. Dr:1 S 2:25; NH פלל (rare), נתפלל, pray, פִּילּוּל act of prayer, פְּלִילָה judicial matter;—otherwise We:Heid. (2), 126 who conj. der. for הִתְפַּלֵּל from Ar. فَلّ notch edge (of sword, etc.), i.e. cut one-self in worship);—† Pi. mediate, judge: Pf. 3 ms. consec., arbitrate, sf. וּפִלְלוֹ 1 S 2:25 (but read prob. 3 pl. וּפִלְלוּ We Dr al., word-play with יִתְפ׳ foll.); 2 fs. פִּלַּלְתְּ Ez 16:52 mediate for (ל pers.) viz., through thine own sins; 1 S. פִּלָָּלְתִּי Gn 48:11 (E; poss. denom. from פליל) I did not judge (have the opinion, expect) to see, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְפַלֵּל Ps 106:30 (abs.) he interposed (by slaying offender). Hithp.:80 Pf. 3 ms. הִתְפַּלֵּל 1 K 8:42; 1 S. הִתְפַּלָָּלְתִּי 1 S 1:27, etc.; Impf. יִתְפַּלֵּל Ps 32:6 +; יִתְפַּלֶּל־ 1 S 2:25; 1 S. אֶתְאֶתְפּלָָּל Ps 5:3, etc.;Imv. הִתְפַּלּל Nu 21:7 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִתְפַּלֵּל Ez 10:1 +, etc.; Pt. מִתְפַּלֵּל Je 42:4 +, etc.;—

1. specif. intercede (with י׳), c. בעד, on behalf of Gn 20:7, Nu 21:7 (E) Dt 9:20, 1 S 12:23 + 6 t.; c. לִ, 1 S 2:25; אֶל־יהוה Nu 11:2, 21:7 (JE) Dt 9:26; c. בעד + אל־יהוה 1 S 7:5, Je 29:7 + 4 t.; אל־האלהים Gn 20:17 (E); c. על for 2 Ch 30:18, Jb 42:8 (late).

2. gen. pray, c. אֶל, unto idol Is 44:17, 45:20; unto Israel v:14; בוֹא אל־מקדשׁ להתפ׳ 16:12.

3. pray (to י׳), abs. 1 K 8:33, 2 K 6:17, Ezr 10:1, Dn 9:20, 2 Ch 6:24, 7:1, 7:14, c. אֶל־י׳ 1 S 1:26, 8:6, 2 K 4:33, 6:18, 20:2 = Is 38:2 = 2 Ch 32:24, + 10 t.; תפלה אֶל־י׳ הִתְפ׳ 2 S 7:27, 1 K 8:54; על יהוה 1 S 1:10 (rd. אֶל); לִפְנֵי 1 S 1:12, 1 K 8:28 + 5t.; c. לְ Dn 9:4; c. אֶל of thing prayed for 1 S 1:27; c. אֶל against 2 K 19:20 = Is 37:21(read עַל); עַל־זאֹת because of this 2 Ch 32:20, Ps 32:6; c. אֶל loc.: אֶל־ הַמָּקוֹם 1 K 8:29, 8:30, 8:35 = 2 Ch 6:20, 6:21, 6:26; אֶל־הַבַּית 1 K 8:42 = 2 Ch 6:32; c. acc. דֶּרֶח הָעִיר 1 K 8:44 = 2 Ch 6:34; דֶּרֶח אַרְחָם 1 K 8:48 = 2 Ch 6:38.

4. of poetical, liturgical prayer, abs. 1 S 2:1, c. אֶל Jon 2:2.

תְּפִלָּה:77 n.f. prayer;—ת׳ Is 1:15 +, cstr. תְּפִּלַּת Ps 80:5 +; sf. תְּפלָּתִי 4:2 +, etc.; pl. תְּפִלּוֹת 72:20; —

1. a. prayer, 1 K 8:38 = 2 Ch 6:29, Is 1:15, Ps 35:13, 80:5 +. b. pray a prayer, ת׳ הִתְפ׳ 2 S 7:27, 1 K 8:54 (cf. v:28, v:29 = 2 Ch 6:19, 6:20); דִּבֶּר בַּתּ׳ Dn 9:21; specif. of intercession, נשׂא ת׳, c. בְּעַד in behalf of 2 K 19:4 = Is 37:4, Je 7:16, 11:14. c. אֶל־אֱלֽהִים ת׳ 2 Ch 33:18, לְאֵל Ps 42:9, cf. 69:14; c. vb. + לפני 88:3, 141:2; תְּקַדְּמֶָָ֑ תּ׳ 88:14. d. בית ת׳ Is 56:7, 56:7 house of prayer (temple); c. vb. + אֶל־י׳ + אל־היכל Jon 2:8; c. vb. + למעון קדשׁו 2 Ch 30:27. e. hear prayer ת׳ (אֶת־)שׁמע 1 K 8:45, 8:49 = 2 Ch 6:35, 6:39, 1 K 9:3, Ps 4:2, 39:13 + 9 t.; שׁמע אֶל־ת׳ 1 K 8:28, 8:29 = 2 Ch 6:19, 6:20, Ne 1:6, Dn 9:17; פנהאל ת׳ 1 K 8:28 = 2 Ch 6:19, Ps 102:18; אָוְנְיְ קַשֻּׁבוֹת לת׳ 2 Ch 6:40, 7:15, cf. Ne 1:11 (אֶל), הַקְשִׁיבָה ת׳ Ps 61:2; הִקְחִיבּ בְּקוֹל ת׳ 66:19; הַאֲזִינָה ת׳ 17:1, 55:2, 86:6; לקח ת׳ 6:10; cf. 66:20, 102:18 b.

2. in Psalm-titles, poetic, liturgical prayer Ps 17:1, 86:1, 90:1, 102:1, 142:1, Hb 3:1; of Davidic Psalter, תפלות דוד Ps 72:20.

† פָּלָל n.pr.m. a wall-builder Ne 3:25, Φαλαλ, א Φαλακ, A Φαλαξ, LXXL Φαλλη.

† [פְָּלִיל n.m. judge; pl. פְּלִילִים Dt 32:31 our enemies being judges, umpires; עָוֹן פ׳ Jb 31:11, rd. עֲוֹן פ׳ acc. to Di Siegf, cf. De; < עָוֹן פְּלִילִי as v:28, so Bu Du; בִּפְלִלִים Ex 21:22, rd. perh. בַּנְּפָלִים for the abortion Bu:ZAW xi (1891), 107, cf. also Di-Ry.

† פְּלִילָה n.f. office of judge or umpire;—עשׂי פ׳ (Qr עֲשׂוּ) Is 16:3 do an umpire's office.

† פְּלִילִי adj. for a judge, calling for judgement;—עָוֹן פ׳ Jb 31:28 (on v:11 see פָּלִיל Kue:ond (2) 161 reads עֲוֹן פְּלִילִים in both v:11 and v:28).

† פְּלִילִיָּה n.f. the giving a decision;—פ׳ Is 28:7 (of priests).

† פְּלַלְיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath interposed);—priest Ne 11:12, Φαλ(λ)αλια(ς).

† אֶפְלָל n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:37, 2:37, Αφαμηλ, etc., LXXL ΕλΦαελ.

פַּלְמֹנִי v. I. פְּלֽנִֻי sub פלה p. 811

II. פְּלֽנִי, פְּלוֹנִי adj. gent. erron.: c. art. הַפְּלוֹנִי 1 Ch 11:27, 27:10 read הַפַּלְטִי as 2 S 23:26 (v. בֵּית פָָּלֶט); הַפְּלֽנִי 1 Ch 11:36 read הַנִּלֽנִי as 2 S 23:34.—I. פְּלֽנִי v. פלה. p. 811

פלס, פלשׂ (√ of foll.;? be even, balance).

† פֶּ֫לֶס n.[m.] balance, scale;—lit. Pr 16:11: fig. Is 40:11 (in both ‖מאֹוְנַיִם).

814

† [פָּלַס] vb. Pi. denom. weigh, make level (Ph. פלס Pi. make level (?) in n.pr.) ;—Impf. 3 ms. יְפַלֵּס Ps 78:20; 2 mpl. תְּפַלֵּסָוּן Ps 58:3 (v.infr.), etc.; Imv. ms. פַּלֵּס Pr 4:26; Pt. מְפַלֵּס 5:11; —

1. weign out חֲמַס יְדֵיכֶם תּפי Ps 58:3 (fig.; but read perh. תָמָס יְדֵיכֶם תְּפַלֵּסְנָה violence do your hands weigh out, so LXX SyrVer Targum Bae Kau We).

2. make level, smooth (cf. Gerber:32), c. acc. of path (fig.), מַעְגָּל Pr 4:26, 5:21, Is 26:7, נָתִּיב Ps 78:50, אֹרַח Pr 5:6.

† [מִפְלָשׂ] n.[m.] swaying, poising;—מִפְלְשֵׂי־עָב Jb 37:16; Bu (plausibly) מִפְרְשֵׂי, as 36:29.

† [פָּלַץ] vb. Hithp. shudder;—Impf. 3 mpl. יִתְפַּלָּחוּן Jb 9:6 its (earth's) pillars shudder.

† פַּלָּחוּת n.f. shuddering;—פ׳ abs. Jb 21:6, Is 21:4, Ez 7:18, Ps 55:6.

† מִפְלֶ֫חֶת n.f. horrid thing (thing to shudder at);—לַאֲשֵׁרָה עָֽשְׂתָה מ׳ 1 K 15:13 (of some abominable object of idolatry, not precisely known), so sf. מִפְלַחְתָּהּ v:13 = 2 Ch 15:16, 15:16.

† [תִּפְלֶ֫חֶת] n.f. shuddering, horror;—sf. תִּפְלַחְתְְּ Je 49:16 horror at thee! (exclam.); not quite certain, v. Gie.

† פלשׂ v. פלס. above

† [פָּלַשׁ] vb. Hithp. act of mourning, poss. roll in (dust, etc. ; weakened fr. burrow into) (NH Pi. break open, or through; As. palâšu, dig a hole; Syr. ܦܠܰܫ dig or break through; but connexion dub., Vrss mostly be-sprinkle oneself, Aq roll oneself);—Pf. I s. עָפָר הִתְפַּלָָּשְׁתִּי Mi 1:10 Kt (Qr Imv. פַּלָָּשִׁי-), others mpl. פַּלָָּשׁזּ-); Impf. 3 mpl. בָּאֵפֶר יִתְפַּלָָּשׁוּ Ez 27:30, so Imv. fs. הִתֵפַּלֵּשִׁי בָאֵפֶר Je 6:26 (cf.Mi 1:10 Qr); abs., mpl. הִתֵפַּלְּשׁוּ 25:34.

† פְּלֶ֫שֶׁת n.pr.terr. Philistia, poet. and late;—פְּלָָשֶׁת (ישְׁבֵי) Ex 15:14 (Φυλιστιειμ̀ elsewh. (οί) ἀλλόφυλοι), Jo 4:4, elsewhere פְּלֶשֶׁת Is 14:29, 14:31, Ps 60:10 = 108:10, 83:8, 87:4; As. Palastu, Pilistu, COT:Gn 10:14 Dl:pa 288 f. Gk. Παλαιστίνη Herod:ii. 104, 106, vii. 89 Jos:Ant. i. 6. 2 (also Φυλιστίνου); v. Rel:Pal. 73 f.

פְּלִשְׁתִּי:288 adj.gent. Philistine, (οί) Φυλιστιειμ; and (not in Hex) (ό) ἀλλόφυλος, (οί) ἀλλόφυλοι;—only as subst.: הַפּ׳ the Philistine (Goliath) slain by David 1 S 17:8 + 27 t. 17, 18:6, 19:5, 21:10, 22:10; one slain byAbishai 2 S 21:17; elsewhere pl. the Philistines,:255 usu. פְּלִשְׁתִּים without art., rarely הַפּח׳ 1 S 4:7, 7:13 + (esp. c. prep. בַּפּ׳ v:13 +, and then perh. due to punctuators), Gn 10:14 = 1 Ch 1:12, Gn 26:14, 26:15, 26:18, Ju 3:31 + 33 t. Ju, 1 S 4:1, 4:1 + 118 t. 1 S, 2 S 1:20 + 28 t. 2 S, +; אֶרֶץ פ׳ Gn 21:32, 21:34 + 12 t.; שְׂדֵה פ׳ 1 S 6:1, 27:7, 27:11; מֶלֶח פ׳ Gn 26:1, 26:8; שָׂרֵי פ׳ 1 S 18:30 + 5 t.; סַרְנֵי פ׳ Jos 13:3, Ju 3:3 + 13 t.; יָם פ׳ Ex 23:31; אֱלֽהֵי פ׳ Ju 10:6.—Cf. כְּרֵתִי, II. כַּפְתּוֹר. On Philistines v. also WMM:As.u. Eur.387 f. Evans:Cretan Pictographs, 100 ff. Schwally: ZWT xxxiv.103 f., 255.

† פֶּ֫לֶת n.pr.m. 1. Reubenite Nu 16:1, Φαλεθ[κ]; rd. prob. פַּלּוּא (q.v.) so Gf Dr al. 2. Judahite 1 Ch 2:33: Θαλεθ, Φαλεθ[ατ].

† פְּלֵתִי adj.gent. from unknown n.pr.; only c. art. as n.coll. with הַכְּרֵתִי (q.v.) of David's guard 2 S 8:18, 15:18, 20:7, 20:23, 1 K 1:38, 1:44, 1 Ch 18:17.

פֶּן־:133 (alw. with Makkeph) conj. (averting, or deprecating), lest (origin dub.: Thes Kö:ii. 334 from פָּנָה , prop. subst. cstr. in accus. for the aversion of; but פָנָה is intrans.: Nö:M. 474 cps. the enclitic particle פּוֹן in Targum, then a[n, ‘etwa,’ thinking that a part. with the mng. ‘es möchte etwa,’ spoken in a tone of alarm, might readily acquire a deprecatory force);—lest:

1. with impf. Gn 3:3 ye shall not eat thereofפֶּן־תְּמֻתוּן lest ye die, 11:4 let us build a city פֶּן־נָפוּץ lest we be scattered, 19:15, 19:17, 19:19, 38:23, 45:11, Ex 1:10, 23:29, 23:33 etc., 2 K 10:23 (sq. יֵשׁ), Is 6:10, 27:3, 28:22, 48:5, 48:7, Ps 2:12, 7:3 etc.; oft. after הִשָׁמֶר־לְְ take heed to thyself Gn 24:6, 31:24, and esp. in Dt, as 4:9, 4:23, 6:12, 8:11 al.; after a vb. of fearing Gn 32:12, and once, even, of swearing Ju 15:12; deprecating pathetically, Gn 44:34 how shall I go up, etc.? lest I look upon the evil that will befal my father. Once, unusually, preceding the principal clause, Pr 5:6 אֹרַח חַיִּים פֶּן־תְּפַלֵּס lest she should make level the path of life, her ways are unstable, etc. (Ew Be Now; v. also Toy). Note esp. a. the idiom פֶּן־ (אָמַרְתִּי) כִּי אָמַר for he (I) said, Lest..., implying always that some precaution has been taken to avert the dreaded contingency, † Gn 26:9 for I said, Lest I die on account of her (to obviate which, Isaac had called Rebecca his sister), 31:31, 38:11, 42:4, Ex 13:17, Nu 16:34, 1 S 13:19, 27:11 (לֵאמֹר), Ps 38:17; with כי אמר implied Gn 26:7; cf., with an aposiop., 3:22 and now, lest he put forth his hand, etc. (implying that measures are taken to prevent this, see v:23): cf. Tob 8:9. b. פֶּן־ at the beg. of a sentence, with a dissuasive force, (Beware) lest: + Is 36:18 פֶּן־יַסִּית אֶתְכֶם חזקיהו (beware) lest Hezekiah deceive you, Dt 29:17, 29:17 (sq. יֵשׁ), Je 51:46, Jb 32:13, 36:18.

2. with Pf., the result feared being conceived as having possibly already taken place; † 2 S 20:6 pursue after him, וְהִצִּיל פֶּן־מָחָא לוֹ lest he have found him fenced cities, etc. (but the tense of והחיל makes יִמְחָא prob., Dr:sm Bu Kö:iii. 486), 2 K 2:16 וַיַּשְׁלִכֵהוּ וגו׳ פֶּן־נְשָׂאוֹ רוּחַ י׳.

815

† פַּנַּג n.[m.] unknown word, appar. some kind of food; וּדְבַשׁ וגו׳ חטֵּי מִנִּית וּפ׳ Ez 27:17; Vrss conject.; Co prop. וְדוֹנַג, so Hoffm:Ph. Inschr. 15 Krae Berthol (‘ perhaps ’).

פָּנָה:135 vb. turn (NH id.; Syr. ܦܢܳܐ, Targum פְּנָא; Eth. fanawa:: Ar. فَنِيَ pass away, banish; cf. Sab. פנה (variously) e.g. CIS:iv. Nos. 1, 37, 40; As.pânu, face, Ph. פנם, MI:13, 18 לפני, sf. מפני l:19);—Qal:117 Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Je 6:4 +, 2 ms. פָּנִיתָ 2 S 9:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְנֶה 1 S 13:17 +, וַיִּ֫פֶן Ex 2:12 +, 3 fs. וַתֵּ֫פֶן 1 K 10:13, 1 s. וָאֵ֫פֶן Dt 9:15, 10:5, 1 pl. וַנֵּ֫פֶן 2:1 +, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּנֵה Ps 25:16 +, etc.; Inf.abs. פָּנֹה Hg 1:9; cstr. לִפְנוֹת Gn 24:63 +, etc.; Pt. פֹּנֶה Dt 29:17 +, etc.;—

1. † a. turn toward, אֶל pers., lit., Ju 6:14, Is 13:14 = Je 50:16, Jb 21:5 (i.e. attentively); cf. of branches Ez 17:6 (in allegory); c. עַל of direction Gn 24:49; fig. c. אֶל־י׳ (in worship), Is 45:22, other gods Ho 3:1, Dt 31:18, 31:20, Lv 19:4; for help Lv 19:31, 20:6, Jb 5:1; אֶל־אָוֶן 36:21; c. acc. הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִפְנֶה Ez 10:11; c. ה loc.1 K 17:3, Dt 2:3 (+ לָכֶם dat. eth.), Ct 6:1; c. דֶּרֶח 1 S 13:18, 13:18, Jb 24:18, אֶל־ד׳ Ju 20:42, 1 S 13:17; fig. לְדֶרֶח Is 53:6, 56:11; c. acc. כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶה 1 S 14:47, so, + שָׁם, fig. 1 K 2:3, i.e. whatever thou undertakest, אֶל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר יִפְנֶה Pr 17:8. † b. turn from, מִן loc. Gn 18:22, fig., of heart, c. מֵעִם י׳ Dt 29:17, abs. = turn away 30:17; in phr. עֹרֶף פ׳ turn (with) the back (cf. ראה עֹרֶף) Je 18:17), + לִפְנֵי, Jos 7:12 (of flight), fig., + אֶל־י׳, Je 2:27, 32:33. c. turn and do a thing, lit. (esp. + vb. of motion) Nu 21:33, Dt 1:7, 1:24, Ju 18:21, 1 K 10:13 + 17 t.; to do a thing (inf.) † Ec 2:12. † d.turn, decline, of day Je 6:4, days of life Ps 90:9. † e. turn toward, approach, of evening, לִפְנוֹת עָָרֶב Gn 24:63, Dt 23:l2; of morning, בֹּקֶר(הַ) לִפ׳ Ex 14:27, Ju 19:26, Ps 46:6 (fig.). †

2. a. turn and look, look, lit., אֶל pers. Nu 12:10, 2 Ch 20:24, 26:20, וַיִּפֶן בֹּה וָכֹה Ex 2:l2; c. לְמָָעְלָה Is 8:21 abs. look (back) 2 Ch 13:14; c. אַתֲרִי look behind one (and see, or say), Jos 8:20, Ju 20:40, 2 S 1:7, 2:20, 2 K 2:24, look after anotber Ez 29:16 (fig. for seek alliance with); c. אֶל of direction Ex 16:10, Nu 17:7. b. of inanimate things, face, c. אֶל loc. Jos 15:7, usu. of facing points of compass, c. ה loc. 1 K 7:25, 7:25, 7:25, 7:25 = 2 Ch 4:4, 4:4, 4:4, 4:4, Jos 15:2, Ez 8:3, 46:19, but also c. קָדִים 43:17, 44:1, 46:1, 46:12, 47:2, cf. 43:1. c. esp. fig.look at, אֶל־ pers., regard, (1) graciously 2 S 9:8; of י׳ Ez 36:9, Lv 26:9, 2 K 13:23, Ps 40:5, + חָנַן 25:16, 69:17, 86:16, 119:132; c. אֶל־תְּפִלָּה 1 K 8:28 = 2 Ch 6:19, Ps 102:18, אֶל־מִנְחָה Nu 16:15, Mal 2:13; (2) sternly, אֶל־קְשִׁי הָעָם Dt 9:27. d. look for (אֶל rei) = expect Hg 1:9. e. fig. look at (ב rei) = consider Ec 2:11.—2 Ch 25:23 v. פַּנָּה † Pi. Pf. 3 ms. פִּנָּה Zp 3:15, etc.; Imv. mpl. פַּנּוּ Is 40:3 + 2 t.;—turn away, put out of the way, c. acc. pers. Zp 3:15 (‖הֵסִיר); hence make clear, c. acc. הַבַּיִת, i.e. clear away things scattered about, make orderly, Germ. ‘ aufräumen ’ Gn 24:31; empty it Lv 14:36; fig., c. acc. דֶּרֶח make clear, free from obstacles, Is 40:3, 57:14, 62:10, Mal 3:1; acc. om. clear away (ground) before it, i.e. to plant it Ps 80:10 (fig.). † Hiph. (esp. Je) Pf. 3 ms. הִפְנָה Je 48:39, 3 fs. הִפְנְתָה 49:24, etc.; Impf. וַיֶּ֫פֶן Ju 15:4; Inf. cstr. sf. הַפְנֹתוֹ 1 S 10:9; Pt. מַפְנֶה Na 2:9; —1. turn, c. acc. וַיֶּפֶן זָנָב אֶל־זָנָב Ju 15:4, עֹרֶף Je 48:39 (cf. הפך Jos 7:8), שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת 1 S 10:9. 2. make a turn, shew (signs of) turning, + נָסוּ Je 46:21, לָנוּם 49:24; opp. נָסוּ 46:5, cf. Na 2:9; + אֶל pers. 47:3. † Hoph. Imv. mpl. הָפְנוּ Je 49:8 (Ges:§ 46 a, N.) be ye turned back! (in flight, + נֻסוּ); Pt. מָפְנֶה חָםפ֫וֹנָה Ez 9:2 the gatewhich is faced northward (cf. Qal 2 b.

[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים:2123 n.m. Pr 25:23 and (Ez = 21:21 = edge; on 2 S 10:9 v. infr.) f. face, also faces (as turned toward one);—pl. abs. פָּנִים Gn 32:31 +; cstr. פְּנֵי 2 S 14:32 +; sf. 1 s. פָּנַי 43:3 +; 3 ms. פָּנָיו Gn 4:5 +, פָּנֵי֑מוֹ Ps 11:7 (Kö:ll.1.446); 2 mpl. פְּנֵיכֶם Gn 40:7 +, etc.;—usu. c. vb. pl., Gn 4:5, 4:6, Ex 33:14 +; c. vb. sg. La 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, Ges:§ 146 a), Pr 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, v. פֶּה);— I. 1. face, faces (Je 30:6, Ez 27:35 +, cf. 1:6, 10:14, 10:21 etc.): a. lit., of man Gn 43:31, 2 S 19:5, 1 K 19:13, Lv 13:14, Dn 8:18, 10:9, 10:15 +; עוֹר פ׳ Ex 35:29, 35:30, 35:35; pale (from alarm) Is 29:22, Je 30:6, flushed Is 13:8, Ez 21:3, cf. Na 2:11, Jo 2:6; tearful Is 25:8, Jb 16:16; sad, רעים פ׳ Gn 40:7, cf. Ne 2:2, 2:3, also רֹעַ פ׳ Ec 7:8 i.e. sadness; יֵּיטִב פ׳ Pr 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיְ, Gn 4:5, 4:6 why is the face fallen (in displeasure), cf. 1 S 1:18 (rdg. נָֽפְלָה, נָֽפְ לוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ez 7:18, whence fig. of confusion, discomfiture Je 51:51, Ps 69:8, 83:17, etc. b. of י׳ Ex 33:20, cf. v:23. c. פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gn 32:31, cf. Ju 6:22, knowing Dt 34:10, judging Ez 20:35, speaking Ex 33:11, and so בְּפ׳ פ׳ Dt 5:4; נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים 2 K 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, cf. v:11 = 2 Ch 25:17, 25:21. d. of relations with י׳: הֵרִים פ׳ Ezr 9:6, in worship (v. also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Je 2:27, 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלאֹ פָנִים); לִדְרוֹשׁ י׳ נָתַן פ׳ 2 Ch 20:3; נָתַן אֶת־פ׳ אֶל־אֲדֹנָי Dn 9:3; הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ez 2:4. e. of י׳ himself, לאֹ יָסִיר פָּנִיםִ מִכֶּם 2 Ch 30:9; בְּעֹשֵׂי פְּנֵי י׳ רָָע Ps 34:17; גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיְ 80:17.—Vid. further sub 7. 2. a. = presence, person, of י׳ Ex 33:14, 33:15, בְּפָנָיו Dt 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Is 63:9; לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, v. לֶחֶם; of י׳'s angry presence La 4:16, Ps 21:10; of Absalom 2 S 17:11; in weakened sense, nearly = sf. (cf. נפשׁ 4 a), Pr 7:15. † b. c. ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Gn 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of פ׳), (God, c. יראה pointed as Niph., v. II 2); esp. as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gn 43:3, 43:5, 44:23, 44:26, king Ex 10:28, 10:28 cf. v:29 (all J), 2 S 14:24, 14:24, 14:28, 14:32 cf. 3:13, 3:13; רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25, Est 1:14; implying favour of person seen, man Gn 33:10 (J), God v:10, cf. Jb 33:26 (Hiph.), and, c. חזה, Ps 11:7, 17:15. 3. face of seraphim Is 6:2, cherubim Ex 25:20, 25:20 = 37:9, 37:9, Ez 1:8, 1:11, 2 Ch 3:13 +. 4. face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Gn 30:40; אַרְיֵה וּפ׳ פ׳ נֶשֶׁר שׁוֹר ופ׳ Ez 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), cf. 10:14; אַרְיֵה פ׳ also 1 Ch 12:8 (fig.), ־כְפִירפ׳ Ez 41:19; פִּתְחֵי פ׳ Jb 41:6 of crocodile. 5. face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gn 2:6, 4:14, 7:4, Ps 104:30 +, so הָאָרֶץ פ׳ Gn 1:29, 7:3, 8:9, 11:4, 11:8, 11:9, 19:28, Is 24:1, תֵבֵל פ׳ Is 14:21, 27:6; of a field Pr 24:31; תְהוֹם פ׳ Gn 1:2, 1:2, Jb 38:30, הַמַּיִם פ׳ Gn 7:18; רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִםפ׳ 1:20; ־כִסֵּהפ׳ Jb 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); הַלּוֹט פ׳ 25:7 v. [לוּט; לְבוּשׁוֹ פ׳ Jb 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's] coat; front (esp. Ezek.), of house Ez 41:14, 47:1, הַקֹּדֶשׁ פ׳ 41:21; of gate 40:6, 40:20, 40:22, 42:15, 43:4; of chamber 40:44, 40:44, 40:45, 40:46; of pot (סִיר) Je 1:13; הַמִּלְחָמָה פ׳ 2 S 10:9 battle-front = 1 Ch 19:10 (vb. agrees with הַמּ׳ in gender, Ges:§ 146 a); = van of locust-army Jo 2:20 (opp. סֹפוֹ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ez 21:21, of axe Ec 10:10; = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Pr 27:23; הַדָּבָר פ׳ 2 S 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair. 6. as adv. loc. מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֹר 2 S 10:9 before and behind = וְ־׳ פ׳ 1 Ch 19:10, also Ez 2:10, 2 Ch 13:14; פְּנֵי toward Ct 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of 2 Ch 20:16 (v. לִפְנֵי d infr.); לְפָנִים forward Je 7:24 (opp. לְאחוֹר); מִלִּפְנִים 1 K 6:29 v. פְּנִימָה; adv. temp. לְפָנִים formerly Dt 2:12, 2:20, Jos 11:10, Ju 1:10, 1:11, 1:13 + 12 t.; מִלְּפָנִים Is 41:26 from beforetime (‖מֵראֹשׁ). 7. for other phrases see: אוֹר vb. Hiph. 5; אוֹר n. 10; בּוֹשׁ Hiph.; בקשׁ Pi. 3; בּשֶׁת 1, p.102; [הַכָּרָה], p. 648; הָדַר 2; זָעַם Niph.; זָעַף 1; הָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָרָה I חָוַר; חָזַק Pi. 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph.; יְשׁוּעָה 3, p. 447; כּוּן Hiph. 3; כִּפֶּר 1, p. 497; כָּסָה Pi. 1, 2; מָאוֹר, p. 22; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא, p. 673; [נָבַט] Hiph. 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph.; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph. 5; נָשָׂא 1 b(3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph. 1 a; סָתַר Hiph. 2; I. עֵבֶר 2; עַז, עָזַז Hiph.; עָמַד Hiph. 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [חָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi.; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph.; שִׁית; II. שָׁנָה Pi.; תֹּפֶת. II. פְּנֵי with prepositions:—

1. אֶל־פְּנֵי: a. to the presence of, Ex 23:17 pregn. אֶל־פְּנֵי יֵרָאֶה הָאָדוֹן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) י׳ (‖ 34:23 אֶת־פְּנֵי הָא׳); c. יָחָא = to confront 2 Ch 19:2.b. to the front of, after a vb. of motion, Lv 6:7 הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֶל־פְּנֵ׳ הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ , 9:5, 16:2, Nu 17:8, 20:10. c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל: see p. 41), Ez 41:4, 41:12, 41:15, 41:25, 42:2, 42:3, 42:7, 42:10, 42:13, 45:7, 48:21. d. on to the surface of, Lv 14:53 אֶל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה וְשִׁלַּח , Ez 16:5. †

2. אֶת־פְּנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence a. the presence of, 1 S 2:11 עֵלִי אֶת־פ׳ 1 K 12:6 who stood שְׁלֽמֹה אֶת־פ׳ (cf. לִפְנֵי 10:8), Est 1:10, Pr 17:24; pregn. (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., SyrVer Targum We Dr al.) 1 S 22:4. Spec. אֶת־פְּנֵי י׳ Gn 19:13 (1 S 2:17), v:27, 1 S 2:18; and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Ex 34:23 הָאָדֹן יֵרָאֶה כָּל־זְכוּרְְ אֶת־פ׳, v:24, Dt 16:16 (cf. Dr), 31:11, 1 S 1:22 (‖י׳ אל־פ׳ Ex 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Ex 23:15 = 34:20 (לאֹ יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Is 1:22, פָנֶיְ Ps 42:3 (acc. to many, Ges:Thes Di:Ex 23:15, Che:Is 1:12, crit. n., the vb. in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph. to avoid the expression see the face of י׳); אֶת־פָּנֶיְ in thy presence Ps 16:10, 21:7, 140:14. b. in front of, Gn 33:18. הָעִיר וַיִּחַן אֶת־פ׳, Lv 4:6 פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֶת־פ׳ לִפְנֵי י׳ v:17.—מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, v. II. אֵת 4 a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: † (a) in the face of, mostly in partic. phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Nu 12:14, Dt 25:9; התיחב to make a stand Dt 7:24, 11:25, and עמד Jos 10:8, לאֹ יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיְ 21:42, 23:9; עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Ho 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, 7:10, Jb 16:8; וְנָקֹטוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ez 6:9, so 20:43, 36:31. † (b) in front of, Ez 42:12.

4. לִפְנֵי, prop. at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Gn 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Ex 4:21, 11:10, 2 S 2:14, Pr 17:18 + oft.; after a vb. of motion, Gn 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם לפני פ׳ and set them before Ph., 27:20 כִּי הִקְרָה י׳ לפני lit. made (it) to meet before me (cf. 24:12), Ex 29:10, Pr 18:16 etc. In partic., a. With the implication of (a) under the eye or oversight of, Dt 25:2, 1 S 3:1. (b) under the eye and regard of, Gn 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיְ, Ho 6:2, Is 53:2, Ps 61:8; cf. Je 30:20, 31:36, Is 66:22, Ps 102:29: also 1 S 2:28, 2 S 19:14. (c) fig. for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gn 6:13 קֵץ כָּל־בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, La 1:22 תָּבאֹ כָל־רָעָתָם לְפָנֶיְ, Jon 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (cf. אֶל Gn 18:21, Ex 2:23), Is 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Je 2:22 נִכְתָּךְ לְפָנָי (cf. נֶגְדִּי Is 47:12). (d) openly before, 1 S 12:2 הִתְהַלֵךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collat. idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 2:35, esp. לפני י׳ Gn 17:1 al. (v. p. 236:a). (e) in presence of the moon or sun, Ps 72:5, 72:17, i.e. as long as they endure. (f) free before, at the disposal of, Gn 13:9 הֲלאֹ כָל־הָאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיְ (cf. 20:15, 34:10, 47:6, Je 40:4, 2 Ch 14:6), 24:51, Ct 8:12. (g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gn 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, 10:9 a mighty hunter before י׳, Dt 24:4 י׳ תּוֹעֵבָה ל׳, v:13 י׳ חְדָקָה ל׳, 1 S 20:1 b, אָרוּר י׳ ל׳ Jos 6:26, 1 S 26:19, י׳ לְרָחוֹן ל׳ acceptable before י׳, Lv 1:3 +, Ps 19:15; 2 K 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Pr 14:12, Ps 143:2; וַיִּיטַב ל׳ (late syn. of earlier בְּעֵנֵי) † Ne 2:5, 2:6, Est 5:14; טוֹב ל׳ Ec 2:26, 7:26; cf. also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, v. רַחֲמִים. (h) לִפְנֵי י׳, spec. of acts done with a solemn sense of י׳'s presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gn 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before י׳, before I die, Ex 18:12 to eat bread before God, Dt 1:45 ye wept before י׳, 6:25, 12:7 (to eat, so v:18, 14:23, 14:26, 15:20), v:12 (rejoice, so v:18, 27:7, Is 9:2), Jos 18:6, 24:1, Ju 11:11, 20:23, 20:26, 21:2, 1 S 7:6, 10:19, 11:15, 12:7, 15:33, 23:18, 2 S 5:3, 7:18, 21:9; and constantly in P, as Ex 16:9, 16:33, 16:34, Lv 1:5, 1:11, 3:1, 3:7 etc.; of residents in Jerus. Is 23:18. So in י׳ הָלַךְ ל׳ 1 K 2:4 al. (v. p. 234:b c). b. In other phrases:—(a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Dt 1:38 al. (v. עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לִפְנֵי 1 S 19:7 (cf. 29:8), 2 K 5:2; עָבַד ל׳ 2 S 16:19. (b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gn 23:12 Dt 26:10, 2 K 18:22 al. (v. sub שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1 S 1:12 +; cf. הלך פָני 1 K 12:30, 1 Ch 21:30. (c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; v. נָגַף Niph. [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: infr. 6 a]. So with נָפַל 1 S 14:13; נָחַן (in helplessness or flight), esp. in Dt, as 1:8, 1:21, 7:2, 7:23, Jos 10:12, 11:6 + (Dr:DT lxxxii): cf. Ju 4:15, 2 S 5:20, Is 45:1, Je 1:17. (d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as בִּפְנֵי ע׳, supr. 3), Ex 9:11, Ju 2:14, 2 K 10:4, Je 49:19, Ps 76:8, 147:17, Na 1:6; so with הִתְיַצֵּב Dt 9:2, Jos 1:5, Jb 41:2, קוּם Jos 7:12, 7:13. (e) in hostile sense (rare), יָחָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1 Ch 14:8, 2 Ch 14:9. (f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Gn 18:8, 24:33 +. (g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usu. of laws (esp. Dt Je), Dt 4:8, 11:26, 11:32, 30:1, 30:15, 30:19, 1 K 9:6 (D:2), Je 9:12, 21:8, 26:4, 44:10, Dn 9:10, cf. Ez 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Ex 19:7, 21:1. c. With reference to position: (a) in front of, before, esp. with vbs. of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gn 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Ex 17:5, 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Ex 13:21, 13:22, Nu 10:33, Is 52:12, 58:8 +; 2 S 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gn 32:18; of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1 S 30:20 (rd. וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr), Is 8:4, 40:10 = 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֹ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Am 9:4, La 1:5, 1:6 (b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Dt 10:11, Ju 9:39, 1 S 8:20, Mi 1:13 al.; cf. בא ויחא לפני (העם) Nu 27:17, 1 S 18:13, 18:16, 2 Ch 1:10; Ec 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was. (c) denoting superiority, before, above, Gn 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם את־אפרים לפני מנשׁה, Jb 34:19. d. Of places (not very common): Ex 14:2 before Pi-haḥiroth, before Baal-ẓephon, Nu 33:7 b, Gn 23:17 מַמְרֵא אשׁר ל׳ (usu. על פני מ׳: v. 7 a d), 1 Ch 19:7, Ne 8:1, 8:3; before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Ex 16:34 + הָעֵדֻת ל׳, 30:6 + הַפָּרֹכֶת ל׳, 40:5, 40:6, Nu 3:38, 7:10 al. (all P), 1 K 6:21, 7:49 +. e. Of time, before: Am 1:1: לפני הָָֽ רעַשׁ before the earthquake, Gn 29:26, 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Ex 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Nu 13:22, 1 K 16:25, 16:30 מִכֹּל סֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Is 43:10, 48:7, Pr 8:25, Jb 15:7 etc. Sq. inf., Gn 13:10 לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י׳ before י׳'s destroying, etc., 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֹתִי, 36:31, 1 S 9:15 +. Once, in late Heb., לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Ne 13:4. f. In the manner of, like (rare and dub.), 1 S 1:16 אַל־תִּתֵּן אֶת־אֲמָֽתְְ לִפְנֵי בַת־בִּלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Jb 3:24 like my food, 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (cf. Lat pro). 5. מִלִּפְנֵי:73 from before:—a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; v. 6): (a) Gn 41:46 ויחא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ׳ from before Ph., 47:10, 2 K 5:27, 6:32 +; י׳ מל׳ Gn 4:6 Cain went forth from before י׳, Jon 1:3, 1:10; spec. of the sanctuary, Lv 9:24 ותחא אשׁ מלפני י׳ (so 10:2), קֶחֶף Nu 17:11 (cf. 2 Ch 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Lv 16:12, Nu 17:24, 20:9, 1 S 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before י׳; from before a place 1 K 8:54, Ezr 10:6, 2 Ch 1:13, (b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gn 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, v:8, Ex 36:3, Dt 17:18 וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הואת מל׳ הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, 28:31 גָּזוּכ מלפניך. (c) with בקשׁ Est 4:8 [cf. מִן קֳָדָם Dn 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Est 1:19 [cf. Dn 2:15], Ec 10:5; 1 Ch 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (cf. Acts 3:19); Ps 17:2 מלפניך. יֵחֵא משׁפטי. (d) of cutting off, etc., from before י׳ (cf. לִפְנֵי a b, c), Lv 22:3, 1 K 8:25 לאֹ־יִכָּרֵת לְְ אִישׁ, מִלְּפָנִי Je 31:36, 33:18, Is 48:19: Ps 51:13 אַל־תַּשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנְיְ (cf. 8 a); Je 16:17 לאֹ נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, 18:23, Ne 3:37. (e) of expelling from before an invader, Ex 23:28, Dt 9:4, 11:23, 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי). † b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with vbs. of fearing, 1 S 18:12, Ec 3:14, 8:12, 8:13; 1 Ch 16:30 חִילִי מִלְּפָנָיו [‖ Ps 96:9 מפניו], Ps 114:7, 114:7; Est 7:6; 2 Ch 32:7 ( + מפני); failing, etc., Is 57:16, Ps 97:5; being humbled, 1 K 21:29 ( + מפני), 2 Ch 32:12, 32:23, 34:27 [‖ 2 K 22:19 מפני], 36:12; crying for help 1 S 8:18 [cf. מפני Ex 3:7], singing 1 Ch 16:33 [‖ Ps 96:13 לפני], fleeing 19:18 [‖ 2 S 10:18 מִפְּנֵי]. † c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Ec 1:10.—With the later usages of מל׳, cf. מִן קֳדָם in BAram. and Targum (Dr Sm:lxx-lxxi, lxxiii); v. also Kö:ii. 320. 6. מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Ex 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removecl from before them, Is 30:11, Ho 11:2; so a. (oft. with suggestion of causation (v. מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Ju 9:21, 1 S 21:11, 23:26, Je 35:11, 35:11, 37:11, 41:9, 50:16]) after vbs. of hiding Gn 3:8, 4:14, Is 2:10 (cf. v:19, v:21); and esp. of escaping, Ju 9:21 (Thes ‘ bene Vulgate ob metum A.’), 1 S 18:11, 19:10, 23:26, or fleeing, Ex 4:3, 14:25, 1 S 17:24 + oft. (v. בָּרַךְ and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Ex 23:30 אֲגָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיְ I will expel them from before thee, 34:11, 34:24 אוֹרִישׁ גּוֹיִם מִפָּנֶיְ (v. הוֹרִישׁ), Lv 18:24, Dt 8:20, Am 2:9, Ps 89:24 + oft. (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: cf. Is 63:12 בּוֹקֵעַ מַיִס מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Jos 2:10, 4:23). Pregn. Is 17:9 אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר׳ כַּעֲזוּבַת which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc. b. implying causation more distinctly. Ps 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at the presence, Dt 7:20: very oft. with vbs. of fearing, as גור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Ex 9:30, Nu 22:3, 22:3, Dt 1:17, Je 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Dt 5:5, 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Gn 45:3, Jos 2:9, Je 1:17, Jb 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Ex 10:3, Ju 11:33 + ; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zp 1:7, Hb 2:20; Ju 5:5 the mts. flowed מפני י׳ at the presence of י׳, Is 63:19, Je 4:26, Na 1:5, Ps 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Dt 20:19; Is 19:1; 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך,—implying that their state was due to י׳); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gn 31:35, Lv 19:32. (N.B. In a, b, freq. rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Heb.) c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote: (a) Gn 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), 27:4 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, 41:31, 47:13, Ex 3:7 their cry by reason of their taskmasters, 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, 9:11, Jos 2:11, 23:3, Ju 2:18, 6:6, 1 K 5:17, 8:11 + oft.; Is 10:27 (RVm), Je 15:17, Ps 38:4, 38:6, etc.; Je 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, 7:12, 9:6, 13:17, 14:16, 23:9 + oft. (b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Lat. prae,), 1 K 8:11, Jb 37:19. †(c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conj., twice, because that, Ex 19:18, Je 44:23.— Nu 33:8 v. פִּי הַחִירֹת. 7. עַל־פְּנֵי (cf. Ph. עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lzb:352) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the prep.:—a. From the sense of face or front: (a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): Ps 18:43 as dust before the wind (cf. לפני 35:5, 83:14 +), Gn 32:22 the present passed on על־פניו in front of him, Ex 33:19 אעביר כל־טוּבי על־פניך,2 S 15:18, 15:23 (read על־פניו: v. Dr), Jb 4:15; = in the sight of, Lv 10:3 ועל־פני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Je 6:7 עַל־פָּנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, 13:26 (cf. Na 3:5), Ps 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ נוים על־פניך before thee: defiantly, Jb 1:11 אם־לא על־ פניך יְבָֽרְכֶָ֑ will renounce thee to thy face, 6:28 ועל־פניכם אם אֲכַוֵּב, 21:31; to die in the presence of any one ( = in his lifetime) † Gn 11:28, Nu 3:4. (b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Dt 21:16, and perh.(Ew:§ 217 l) Ex 20:3 (Dt 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים על־פני (Thes al. as c). (c) in addition to, Jb 16:14 פֶּרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי־פֶרֶץ יִפְרְחֵנִי. (d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: v. GFM:Ju., p. 351) = east of, 1 K 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v:3, 7:6, 8:8, 2 Ch 3:17, Ez 42:8; Gn 16:12 על־פני כל־אחיו ישׁכן (cf. 25:18 b), perh. (Di al.) with collateral idea of defiance; מַמְרֵא עַל־פ׳ 23:19 (50:13), Ex 16:14; oft. in אשׁר על־פני Gn 25:9 (49:30), מחרים v:18 a (Jos 13:3, 1 S 15:7), Nu 21:11, 33:7 a, ירחו Dt 32:49 (34:1), Jos 13:3, 13:25, 15:8 (18:16), 17:7, 18:14, 19:11, Ju 16:3, 1 S 24:3 (prob.), 26:1, 26:3, 2 S 2:24, 1 K 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, E. of Jews.; so 2 K 23:13, Zc 14:4), 17:3, 17:5.—Gn 1:20 let fowl fly על־פני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, viz. as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (e) with vbs. implying direction, over towards, Gn 18:16 וישׁקף על־פני סדם, 19:28; Nu 21:20 (23:28) נשׁקפה על־פני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Lv 16:14; in a hostile sense (rare), Na 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַל־פָּנַיִךְ, Ps 21:13, Ez 32:10.

b. From the sense of surface, Gn 1:2 על־פני תהום upon the face of the deep, Ex 16:14 המדבר על־פ׳: oft. in the phrases הארץ (כל)על־פני Gn 1:29, 7:3 +, and (more freq.) על־פני האדמה on the face of the ground 6:1, 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lv 17:5, Nu 19:16, 1 S 14:25 + ; after vbs. of motion, 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v:8, v:9, Ex 32:20, Lv 14:7 (v:53 אל), Is 18:2, 19:8, Am 5:8, Ez 32:4, Jb 5:10 +.

8. מֵעַל־פְּנֵי a. from before the face of, Gn 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֹ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; Psalm (פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, oft. in K Je of the rejection of Isr. or the temple, as with שִׁלַּת 1 K 9:7 (‖ 2 Ch 7:20 השׁליך), Je 15:1, השׁליד 2 K 13:23, 24:20 (Je 52:3), Je 7:15, נטשׁ Je 23:39, הסיל 2 K 17:18, 17:23, 23:27, 24:3, Je 32:31. b. from of the surface of, oft. in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., Psalm Gn 4:14, 6:7, 7:4, 8:8, Ex 32:12, Dt 6:15, 1 S 20:15, 1 K 9:7, 13:34, Am 9:8, Je 28:16, Zp 1:2, 1:3.

819

† פְּנִ֫ימָה adv. (ה loc.)

1. towards the (in-) side.

2. within (lit. faceward, fr. point of view of one entering by opposite door);—of a building, usu. temple: 1. after vb. of motion Lv 10:18, 2 Ch 29:18, and (after הִגִּיד) 2 K 7:11, also לִפ׳ Ez 41:3, 2 Ch 29:16. 2. פ׳ 1 K 6:18, also לִפ׳ v:30, so read also v:29 (for MT מִלִּפְנִים, v. Kmp:Kau Kit Benz), Ez 40:16, 40:16, also Ps 45:14 MT, i.e. within the house, but Krochm Gr Che al. (plausibly) פְּנִינִים, q.v.; מִפּ׳ 1 K 6:19, 6:21.= 2 Ch 3:4.

פְּנִימִי:32 adj. inner ;—פ׳ 1 K 6:27 +; f. פְּנִימִית v:36 + ; mpl. פְּנִימִים 1 Ch 28:11; fpl. פְּנִימִיּוֹת 2 Ch 4:22; —a1w. c. art., and alw. of parts of building, usu. temple : 1 K 6:27, 7:12 + ; esp. Ez 8:3, 8:16, 10:3 + 21 t. 40–46 ; as subst. בַּפְּנִימִי 41:17 on the inside (but dub., v. Co al.); אֶל־הַפְּנִימִית 42:4 toward the inside (del. LXX. SyrVer Co Toy al.).

לִפְנָ֑י 1 K 6:17, Ew:§ 164 a Ke as adj., anterior, but rd., with LXX, הַדְּבִיד Th Sta Kit al.

† פְּנוּאֵל n.pr. (face of God, cf. GFM: Ju 8:8; late As. Panîli Hilpr:Univ. Pa. Exp. ix. 68);—Φανουηλ, but in Gn εἶδος (τοῦ) θεοῦ:

1. loc. E. of Jordan, near Jabbok Gn 32:32, Ju 8:8, 8:8, 8:9, 8:17, 1 K 12:25 = פְּנִיאֵל Gn 32:31: site unknown; v. esp. Paine:Bib.Sac.1878,481 ff.

2. m.a. in Judah 1 Ch 4:4. b. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:25 Qr (Kt פניאל).

יְפֻנֶּה:16 n.pr.m. (on form cf. Lag:BN 134);—

1. father of Caleb Nu 13:6, 14:6, Jos 14:6, 14:13, 1 Ch 4:15 + 10 t., Ιεφοννη.

2. Asherite 1 Ch 7:38, Ιφινα, A Ιεφιηλ, LXXL Ιεφοννη.

פִּֽנְחָס v. פִּינְחָס, פְּנוּאֵל, פְּנִיאֵל v. פנה above, p. 810

פניים v. פְּנִינִים. פָּנִים, etc., v. פנה below, p. 815

פנן (√ of foll.; appar. ‖ from of פנה).

פִּנָּה:28 n.f. corner;—abs. פ׳ 2 K 14:13 +, cstr. פִּנַּת Je 31:40 + ; sf. פִּנָּתָהּ Jb 38:9, פִּנָּהּ Pr 7:8 (Ges:§ 91 e); pl. פִּנּוֹת abs. Zp 1:16, 2 Ch 26:15, פִּנִּים Zc 14:10; cstr. פִּנּוֹת 1 K 7:34 +, etc.;—

1. a. corner, of square objects 1 K 7:34 + v:30 (rd. פִּנּוֹתָיו for פַּעֲמֹתָיו, cf. Kit), Ex 27:2, 38:2, Ez 43:19; of house Jb 1:19, roof Pr 7:12, 21:9 = 25:24; אֶבֶן לְפ׳ Je 51:26 i.e. a corner-stone; אֶבֶן פ׳ of earth Jb 38:9; cf. (fig.) Ps 118:22, and (אבן om.) Is 28:16; פ׳ = street-corner 2 Ch 28:24. b. specif. of wall of Jerus., Ne 3:24 (in SE.), v:31, v:32 (NE.); שַׁעַד הַפּ׳ 2 K 14:l3 + ‖ 2 Ch 25:23 LXX SyrVer Targum and most (for MT הַפּוֹנֶה שׁ׳), + (v. שַׁעַר); appar. with battlements 2 Ch 26:15; of cities in gen. הַנְּבֹהוֹת הַפּ׳ Zp 1:16; of the nations 3:6.

2. fig. of chief, ruler as corner (support or defence), Ju 20:2, 1 S 14:38, Is 19:13 (rd. perhaps pl.); Zc 10:4 (+ יָתֵד q.v.).

† פְּנִינִים n.[f.]pl. corals (? as branching cf. Ar. فَنَنُ branch of tree; so Mich Thes al.; > pearls Bo:Hieroz. 601 Di:Jb after Ra al.);—פ׳ fig. of value Pr 20:15; usu. מִפּ׳, camp. Jb 28:18, Pr 3:15 (Kt מפניים), 8:11, 31:10 (all of value), La 4:7 (of red colour); + Ps 45:14 (perh.; for פְּנִימָה, q. v.).

† פְּנִנָּה n.pr.f. (prop. sg. of foregoing ?) wife of Elkanah 1 S 1:2, 1:2, 1:4, Φεννανα.

† [פָנַק] vb. Pi. indulge, pamper (NH Pi. ; cf. Ecclus 14:16; Ar. فَنَقَ II.; Aram. פנק, ܦܢܩ Pa.);—Pt. מְפַנֵּק Pr 29:21 one pampering a servant.

[פַּס] v. פסס. פַּס דַּמִּים v. אֶפֶס ד׳. p.67, 821

† פָּסַג vb. Pi. dub.; if correct, pass between (NH Pi. split, cut off, also=BH; Targum פְּסַג cut in two);—Imv. mpl. פִּסְּגוּ Ps 48:14 pass between her palaces; Gr Che פִּקְדוּ; Du conj. ‘possibly’ פִּסְעוּ step, cp.[NH פָּסַע] Aram. פְּסַע step, cf. [פָּשַׂע].

820

† פִּסְגָּה n.pr.mont. Pisgah (prob. cleft, fr. a natural feature of mt.; Dr:Dt 3:17);—alw. הַפּ׳: ראֹשׁ הַפּ׳ Nu 21:20, 23:14, Dt 3:27, 34:1; אַשְׁדֹּת הַפּ׳ 3:17, 4:49, Jos 12:3, 13:20; mt. in Moab, on NE. shore of Dead Sea, exact loc. unknown (cf. Fešḫa as a cliff on NW. shore, v. Di:Nu 21, 20); Φασγα Dt 3:17 + , τ λαξευτήν. 4:49, Αελαξευμένου Nu 21:20 +.

[פִּסָּה ] v . פסס p.821

† I. פָּסַח vb. pass or spring over ;—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Ex 12:27, וּפ׳ consec. v:23 (J); 1 s. וּפָסַחְתִּ֫י v:13 (P), all c. עַל, of י׳ passing over (sparing) houses of Isr.; Inf. abs. פָּסוֹחַ Is 31:5 a passing over (SC. עַל־יְרוּשָׁלַםִ).

† פֶּ֫סַח n.m. passover (usu. (Thes and most) from I. פסח, with reference to Ex 12:13 etc.; Reuss:Gesch. AT § 58 passing over into new year; Schaefer:Passah-Mazzoth (1900), 346 cp. As. pašâḫu, soothe, placate [deity], < be soothed, Pi. trans., Jen:ZA iv (1889), 275 Zim:Bab. Rel. i (1896). Gloss.; ii (1899), 92; Schwally:Idiot, 124 fr. II. פסח, of sacred dance);—abs. פ׳ Ex 12:11 + ; פָָּסַח v:21 + ; pl. פְּסָחִים 2 Ch 30:17 + 3 t.;—

1. sacrifice of Passover, involving communion-meal, hence a species of peace-offering (cf. I. זֶבַח II. 2), הוא לי׳ זֶבַח פ׳ Ex 12:27 (J), cf. v:11 (P); וָבַח פ׳ Dt 16:2, 16:5, 16:6; אבל הפ׳ 2 Ch 30:18; the special feature lay in the application of blood to homes to consecrate them: cf. sim. Bab. rite of purification Zim:ib. ii. 126–7.

2. the animal victim of the passover : שׁחט פ׳ Ex 12:21 (J) 2 Ch 30:15, 35:1, 35:6, 35:11, Ez 6:20, cf. 2 Ch 30:17; באשׁ בשׁל הפ׳ 2 Ch 35:13; לפסחים 2 Ch 35:7, 35:8, 35:9. [Passover animals (cf. Br:Hex.206) were חאֹן flock Ex 12:21 (J), שֶׁה v:3, v:4, v:5, incl. כֶּבֶשׁ and עֵז v:5 (P); חאן ובקר Dt 16:2; large numbers of all these (שֶׂה not used) in Josiah's Passover, act. to 2 Ch 35:7, 35:8, 35:9, but evident mingling of whole burnt-offerings for the passover with special passover victim.]

3. festival of the passover : חג הפ׳ Ex 34:25 (J); פ׳(ה) Lv 23:5, Nu 28:16, 33:3, Jos 5:11 (P) Ez 45:21; חֻקַּת הפ׳ Ex 12:43, Nu 9:12, 9:14 (P); עשׂה פ׳ Ex 12:48, Nu 9:2, 9:4, 9:5, 9:6, 9:10, 9:13, 9:14, Jos 5:10 (P) Dt 16:1, 2 K 23:21, 23:22, 23:23, 2 Ch 30:1, 30:2, 30:5, 35:1, 35:16, 35:17, 35:18, 35:18, 35:19, Ezr 6:19; it was held in month הָאָבִיב Dt 16:1, בָּעָָרֶב v:6; on 14th day Jos 5:10 (P), of 1st month Ez 45:21; בֵּין הערבים(Ex 12:6) Lv 23:5, Nu 9:5 (P); if impossible at that time, then on 14th of 2nd month Nu 9:10, 9:12. [No ref. to פֶּסַח in E ; J subordinates it to מַצּוֹת (the great feast of JE); in D it predom. over מחות; 1' makes it first in importance (Br: Hex. 195 f.)].]

† תִּפְסַח n.pr.loc. on Euphrates (prob.ford (though Lag:BN 131 doubts); Lewy:Fremdw. 146 cp. Αάμψακος (on Bosphorus), expl. as לַפֶּסַח);—1 K 5:4, NE. limit of Sol.'s dominion ; = Gk Θάψακος Xen:Anab. i. 4 etc.; identif. with Kal' at Dibse, at the great easterly bend of the river, c. Lat. 35° 55´ N, Long. 38° 20´ E, JPPeters:Nation, May 23, 1889: Nippur i.96 ff.

† II. [פָּסַח] vb. limp (Thes sub I. פ׳ but dub.; Ar. فَسَخَ is dislocate; acc. to Gerber:73 II. פ׳ is denom. fr. פִּסֵּחַ [and this sub I. פ׳?]);—Qal Pt. pl. פֹּסְחִים עַל־שְׁתֵּי הַסְּעַפִּים 1 K 18:21 fig. (v. [סְעִפָּה]). Niph. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפֹּל וַיִּפָּסֵחַ 2 S 4:4 and he fell and was made limping (lame). Pi. Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְפַמְּחוּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ 1 K 18:26 they went limping (along by the altar), i.e. prob. in their dance, v. Kit Pietschm:Phön. 220 (Gr ויפסעו [ = וַיִּפְשְׂעוּ] stepped).

† פַּסֵחַ n.pr.m. (limper);—

1. in Judah 1 Ch 4:12, Βεσσηε, Φεσση, etc.

2. head of post-ex. family Ezr 2:49 = Ne 7:51, Φισον, etc., LXXL Φασσα.

3. father of wall-builder Ne 3:6, Φασεκ, Φεσσε.

† פִּסֵּחַ adj. lame;—abs. פ׳ 2 S 9:13 + ; pl. פִּסְחִים 5:6 + ;—as attrib. Lv 21:18 (+ עִוֵּר); pred. 2 S 19:27, שְׁתֵּי רַגְלָיו פ׳ 9:13 lame as to both his feet; cf. also (of animal) Dt 15:21 (+ עִוֵּר); as subst. 2 S 5:6, 5:8, 5:8, Je 31:8, Mal 1:8, 1:13, Jb 29:15 (all + עִוֵּר), also Is 33:23, 35:6, Pr 26:7.

† פָּסָךְ (van d. H. פָּסַח) n.pr.m. Asherite 1 Ch 7:33, Βαισηχι, A Φεσηχι, LXXL Φασεχ.

† פָּסַל vb. hew, hew into shape (NH Pi. hew off boughs ; Aram. פְּסַל, ܦܣܰܠ=BH; Nab. פסלא stone-cutter);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. פְּסָלוֹ Hb 2:18; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְסֹל Ex 34:4, etc.; Imv. ms. פֲּסָל־ Ex 34:l Dt 10:1; —hew out stone tablets Ex 34:1, 34:4, Dt 10:1, 10:3; building-stones 1 K 5:32; c. cogn. acc. (sf. referring to פֶּסֶל) Hb 2:18.

פֶּ֫סֶל:31 n.m.:Hb 2:18 idol, image ;—abs. פ׳ Ju 17:3 +, פָָּסֶל Is 42:17; cstr. פֶּסֶל Ju 18:31 + ; sf. פִּסְלִי Is 48:5, etc.; pl. supplied by פְּסִילִים v. foll.;—idol, as likeness of man or animal Ex 20:4 = Dt 5:8, Dt 4:16, 4:23, 4:25, also 27:15, 2 K 21:7, 2 Ch 33:7, Is 42:17, 44:9, 48:5, Na 1:14, Hb 2:18 (of wood or stone, cf. v:19); of metal Ju 17:3, 17:4 + 6 t. 18 (cf. GFM), Is 40:19, 44:10 (c. נָסַח), Je 10:14, 51:17 (c. חוֹרֵף) ; of wood Is 40:20, 44:15, 44:17, 45:20.

[פָּסִיל]:23 n.m.:Dt 7:25 id.;—pl. (פֶּ֫סֶל serving as sg.) פְּסִילִים Ju 3:19 +; פְּסִלִים Ho 11:2 +; cstr. פְּסִילֵי Je 51:47 + ; sf. פְּסִילֶיְ Mi 5:12, etc.;—idols, Ho 11:2, Is 10:10 + 10 t., + (of wood, c. שָׂרַף) Dt 7:5, 7:25, so (c. גִּדַּע) 12:3; of stone Is 21:9 (c. שִׁבַּר ), Ju 3:19, 3:26 (cf. GFM), stone or metal Mi 1:7, 2 Ch 34:7 (כִּתַּת), cf. v:3, v:4; (sheathed with) silver Is 30:22.

821

I. פסס (√ of foll.; perh. cp. פשׂת spread; cf. Ph.(Pu.) פס tablet; Aram. פַסָּא, ܦܰܣܬܳܐ, =BH).

† [פַּס] n.[m.] flat of hand or foot (palm, sole);—only כְּתֹנֶת פַּסִּים tunic reaching to palms and soles (v. כ׳) Gn 37:3, 37:23, 37:32, 2 S 13:18, 13:19 (cf. Dr).

† [פִּסָּה] n.f. dub.; if correct, prob. abundance, plenty (? prop. spread out);—cstr. פִּסַּת בָּר Ps 72:16; Lag Gr Che al. read שִׁפְעַת.

† II. [פָסַס] vb. disappear, vanish (si vera 1., cf. As. pasâsu, do away, blot out (esp. sins));—Qal Pf. 3 pl. פַּסּוּ מִן Ps 12:2 the faithful have vanished (Che Dr) from (among)men ; Lag:Proph. Chald. xivi Gr We Du read אָֽפְסוּ (Is 16:4).

† פִּסְפָּה n.pr.m. Asherite 1 Ch 7:38, Φασφα(ι).

† [פָּעָה] vb. groan (onomatop. acc. to Thes; NH Hiph. bleat, so Ar. بعي, بغي Dozy; Aram. פְּעָא ܦܥܳܐ bleat,);—Impf. 1 s. כַּיּוֹלֵדָה אֶפְעֶה Is 42:14 (of י׳ staining himself to deliver Isr., + אֶשֹּׁם [נשׁם], אֶשְׁאַף).—[אֶפַע] Is 41:26. v.p. 67.

† אֶפְעֶה n.[m.] a kind of viper (Thes ‘ a flando et sibilando;’ cf. Ar. أَفْغَي viper, Eth. af9ot: id.);—א׳ Is 30:6, 59:5, לְשׁוֹן א׳ Jb 20:16.

† פָָּעוּ, פָָּעִי n.pr.loc. in Edom, פָָּעוּ Gn 36:39 = פָָּעִי 1 Ch 1:50; Φογωρ, LXXL Ch Φαουα.

פָּעַל:57 vb. do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה) (NH פּוֹעֵל workman, cf. J Aram.; Ph. פעל = BH (oft.); Ar. فَعَلَ id.; OAram.; פעל; Syr. In der. spec. and deriv.);—Qal Pf. 3ms. Dt 32:27 +, פָ֫עַל אֵל Nu 23:23, 2 ms. פָּעַלְתָּ Ex 15:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְעַל Jb 22:17 +; 2 ms. תִּפְעָל־ 35:6, etc.; Inf. Cstr. לְפָעְָלָם Jb 37:12 (v. infr.); Pt. act. פֹּעֵל Ps 15:2+, pl. cstr. פֹּעֲלֵי 5:6 +, etc.;—

1. do: a. of God, c. acc. (abstr.) Nu 23:23, Dt 32:27, Jb 33:29, יְשׁוּעוֹת Ps 74:12; + ל pers. Ps 31:20, 68:29, Is 26:12, Jb 22:17; c. acc. cogn. פֹּעַל Ps 44:2, Hb 1:5; acc.om. Is 43:13, cf. 41:4. b. of men, c. acc. Ps 11:3, Jb 11:8, + ל pers. (God) 7:20, + ב pers. (God) 35:6; esp. of doing evil, שָָׁקֶר Ho 7:1, עָוֶל Jb 34:32, עַוְלָה 36:23, Ps 58:3, 119:3, אָוֶן Pr 30:20, esp. פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן Ho 6:8, Is 31:2, Jb 31:3, 34:8, 34:22, Ps 5:6 + 15 t. Psalm, Pr 10:29, 21:15, פֹּעֲלֵי רָע Mi 2:1; rarely of doing right, c. acc. מִשְׁפָּטוֹ Zp 2:3, חֶדֶק Ps 15:2. c. of clouds, c. acc. Jb 37:12 (disregarding —ָ).

2. make; a. of God, c. acc. concr. Ex 15:17; + ל rei Pr 16:4, ל of 2nd obj. Ps 7:16; פֹּעֲלִי Jb 36:3 my Maker. b. of man, c. acc. concr. Is 44:12, 44:15; acc. om. 44:12, Ps 7:16.—Is 1:31 v. פֹּעַל.

פֹּ֫עַל:37 n.m.:Pr 20:11 doing, deed, work (poet. and late, nearly = מַעֲשֶׂה);—פ׳ abs. Hb 1:1, Ps 44:2, cstr. Dt 33:11 + ; sf. פָּעֳלוֹ 32:4 +, פֹּעֲלוֹ Is 1:31 (Kö:ii.1, 35, 493 Ges §, 93 q, v. infr.), Je 22:13; פָּעָלְכֶם Is 41:24, etc.; pl. פְּעָלִים 2 S 23:20, 1 Ch 11:22; —

1. deed, thing done: a. of God, פָּעֳלוֹ his work in providence Dt 32:4, Is 5:12, Jb 36:24; in deliverance Ps 44:2 (as acc. cogn.), 77:13 + 5 t.; in judgment 64:10, 95:9, as acc. cogn. Hb 1:5. b. of false gods Is 41:24. c. of men, daily toil Jb 24:5, Ps 104:23; specif. act Ru 2:12; יָדָיו פ׳ of sacrificing Dt 33:11; pl. of achievements 2 S 23:20 = 1 Ch 11:32; action as having moral quality Jb 34:11, Pr 20:11, 24:12, 24:29, evil implied Je 25:14, 50:29, Jb 36:9, Ps 28:4, כַּפָּיו פ׳ 9:17; חָמָס מ׳ Is 59:6; good action Pr 21:8.

2. work, thing made: a. by hands of God Is 45:9, 45:11 (of men). b. by man Is 1:31 (i.e. prob. his idol Ges Che:comm. Di al.; > read בַּעֲלוֹ Lag:Sem. i. 5 Sta:ZAW iii (1888), 12f.).

3. wages of work Je 22:13, Jb 7:2.

4. acquisition of treasures Pr 21:6.

† [פְּעֻלָּה] n.f. work, recompence (poet. and late);—cstr. פְּעֻלַּת Lv 19:13 +, sf. פְּעֻלָּתִי Is 49:4, etc.; pl. cstr. פְּעֻלּוֹת Ps 17:4, תֽ- 28:5; —

1. work: a. pl. deeds of י׳ Ps 28:5. b. of men, Ps 17:4 (pl.); toil, suffering Je 31:16; good action 2 Ch 15:7, wicked Is 65:7, שָָׁקֶר פ׳ Pr 11:18.

2. wages (as earned by work) Lv 19:13, Pr 10:16 (‖תְּבוּאָה), Ez 29:20; reward (from י׳) Is 49:4, 61:8; prob. fig. of people won back by י׳ in warfare 40:10, 62:11 (‖שָׂכָר); of punishment, Ps 109:20.

† פְּעֻלְּתַי n.pr.m. Levite 1 Ch 26:5, Ιαφθοσλααθι, Α Φολλαθι LXXL Φελλαθι.

† [מִפְעָל] n.[m.] work, thing made (by י׳);—pl.sf. מִפְעָלָיו Pr 8:22.

† [מִפְעָלָה] n.[f.] deed (of י׳);—pl. cstr. מִפְעֲלוֹת י׳ Ps 46:9, אֱהִֽים מ׳ 66:5.

[פָּעַם] vb. thrust, impel (prob. orig. strike, hit, v. deriv., and Ph. פעם foot);—Qal Inf. cstr. sf. לְפַעֲמוֹ Ju 13:25 the spirit of י׳ began to impel him. Niph. be distrurbed, Pf. 1 s. נִפְעַמְתִּי Ps 77:5; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּפָּ֫עֶם רוּחוֹ Gn 41:8, Dn 2:3; so Hithp. Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְפָּ֫עֶם רוּחוֹ Dn 2:1.

פַּ֫עַם:118 n.f.:Ex 8:28 (masc. only Ju 16:23 [text suspicious, v. GFM Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 76 Kö:synt. § 248m], 2 S 23:8 [< Qr fem.], 1 K 7:30 [crpt., v.infr.]) beat, foot, anvil, occurrence;—abs. מ׳ Gn 2:23 +; פָָּעַם 46:30 +; du. פַּעֲמַיִם Gn 27:36 +, etc.; pl. פְּעָמִים 33:3 +; also (concr.) cstr. פַּעֲמֵי Ju 5:28 +; sf. פְּעָמַי Ps 57:7, 119:133, etc.; פַּעֲמֹתָיו (only 1 c) Ex 25:12 + 2 t.;—

1. a. poet., hoof-beat Ju 5:28; late, of human footfall, footstep, fig. Ps 17:5 (‖אֲשׁוּרַי), 119:113; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶח פְּעָמָיו 85:14. b. foot, fig., 57:7, 58:11, 74:3, 140:5, Pr 29:5; lit. Is 26:6 (‖רֶגֶל), Ct 7:2; בְּכַף פ׳ 2 K 19:24 = Is 37:25. c. foot, of ark Ex 25:12, 37:3 (P).—פַּעֲמֹתָיו 1 K 7:30 read פִּנּוֹתָיו (cf. v:34).

2. = anvil (struck by hammer) Is 41:7.

3. occurrence, time (orig. stroke, beat): a. אֶחָָת מ׳ [אַחַת] one time, once Jos 6:3, 6:11, 6:14 (JE), 10:42 (D) + 3 t. +2 S 23:8 Qr (>Kt אחד); פַּעֲמָָיִם twice Gn 41:32 + 6 t.; פ׳ Na 1:9 second time; אַרְבַּע פ׳ Ne 6:4 four times; חָמֵשׁ אוֹ שֵׁשׁ פ׳ 2 K 13:19, cf. מ׳ חֲמִישִׁית Ne 6:5; also c. שָׁלשׁ, שֶׁבַע, q.v.; עֶשֶׂר פ׳ (וֶה) Nu 14:22 (JE) Ne 4:6, Jb 19:3, all indef. = over and over; indef. also פַּעַם וּשְׁתָָּיִם Ne 13:20 once and [i.e. or] twice; פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלוֹשׁ Jb 33:29 twice (or) thrice; מֵאָה פְעָמִים 2 S 24:3 = 1 Ch 21:3, אֶלֶף פ׳ Dt 1:11; רַבּוֹת פ׳ Ps 106:43, Ec 7:22; עַד־כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים 1 K 22:16 = 2 Ch 18:15. b. כְּפַעַם־בְּפַעַם as time on time, i.e. as formerly, as usual, Nu 24:1 (E) Ju 16:20, 20:30, 20:31, 1 S 3:10 (cf. Dr) 20:25. c. בַּפַּעַם (גַּם)הַוּאֹת at this repetition (this time) also Ex 8:28, 9:14 (J) + 3 t.; הַהִוא גַּם בַּפּ׳ Dt 9:19, 10:10. d. הַפַּעַם (Hex only J): (1) = this once Gn 18:32, אַח הַפּ׳ Ex 10:17, Ju 6:39, רַק־הַפּ׳ v:39, הַוֶּה אַח הַפּ׳ 16:28 (הַוֶּה dub., v. supr.); (2) = now at lenth Gn 2:23, 29:34, 29:35, 30:20, 46:30, Ju 15:3, 16:18, cf. also Ex 9:27 now at length (it is clear that) I have sinned. e. פָָּעַם פַּעַם Pr 7:12 now ... now, at one time ... at another.

822

† פַּעֲמֹן n.[m.] bell, on high-p.'s robe (from its stroke, beat);—פ׳ abs. Ex 39:26, 39:26; cstr. זָחָב פ׳ 28:34, 28:34; pl. הַפַּעֲמֹנִים 39:25, cstr. פַּעֲמֹנֵי זָהָב 28:33, 39:25. פַּעֲנֵחַ v. חָֽפְנַת פ׳.

† [פָּעַר] vb. open wide (the mouth) (NH rarely = BH, usu. open bowels, go to stool; cf. JAram. פְּעַר; Ar. فَعَرَ and Syr. ܦܥܰܪ = BH, ܦܶܥܪܳܐ chasm);—Qal Pf. of voracious greed, fig. 3 fs. וּפָֽעֲרָה פִּיהָ Is 5:14 (of Sheôl), 3 pl. פָּֽעֲרוּ עָלַי בְּפִיהֶם (Ges § 119 q) Jb 16:10; of eager desire (good sense), פִּיהֶם פָּֽעֲרוּ 29:23, פִּי־פָעַרְתִּי Ps 119:131.

† פַּעֲרַי n.pr.m. 2 S 23:35 (cf. Ph. n.pr.m. פער) = נַעֲרַי q.v.

† פְּעוֹר n.pr. Φογωρ:

1. mont. in Moab (appar. from some √ פעַר);—Nu 23:28 cf. (בֵּית פ׳, בַּעַל פ׳ and reff.; also) Buhl:Geogr.122 Dr:Dt 3:29; [LXX Jos 15:59a [60] gives a Φαγωρ with Bethlehem; v. also LXX for פָָּעוּ, פָָּעִי].

2. dei (appar.) Nu 25:18, 25:18 (cf. בַּעַל פ׳ v:3, v:5), 31:16, Jos 22:17.

† [פָּחָה] vb. part, open (Ar. فَصَي I, II. separate, remove; Aram. פְּחָא esp. set free, ܦܰܨܺܐ Pa. set free);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. פָּֽחְתָה Gn 4:11 +, 2 ms. פָּחִיתָ Ju 11:36, etc.; Impf 3 ms. יִפְחֶה Jb 35:16; Imv. ms. פְּחֶה Ez 2:8, sf. פְחֵנִי Ps 144:7, 144:11; Pt. פֹּחֶה Is 10:14, פּוֹ׳ Ps 144:10; —

1. open mouth: a. to swallow, fig. of ground, הָאֲדָמָה Gn 4:11, (J), Nu 16:30 (JE), הָאָרֶץ Dt 11:6; of enemies, + עַל pers. La 2:16, 3:46, Ps 22:14; lit. Ez 2:8. b. to speak Ju 11:35, 11:36 (utter a vow, + אֶל־י׳); Jb 35:16; hence = utter, אֲשֶׁר פָּחוּ שְׁפָתַי Ps 66:14; of bird chirping פֹּחֶה פֶה Is 10:14 (in fig.).

2. snatch away, set free (Aram. loan-word), only Ps 144, + הִצִּיל c. מִן v:7; v:11; פ׳ c. מִן v:10.

† פָּחַח vb. cause to break or burst forth, break forth with (cf. Ar. فَضَخَ break, crush; Eth. fas’h’a: shatter; Syr ܦܨܰܚ is be joyous, hilarious);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. פָּֽחְחוּ רִנָּה Is 14:7 they have broken forth with joyous shout; Impf. יִפְחְחוּ רִנָּה 55:12 (of mts.); Imv. fs. פִּחְחִי רִנָּה 54:1 (of Zion); mpl. פִּחְחוּ ר׳ 44:23, 49:13 Qr (> Kt יפחחו; of mts.); abs. פִּחְחוּ Is 52:9, Ps 98:4 (both + רַנְּנוּ). Pi. break bones in pieces: Pf. 3 pl. פִּצֵָּחוּ Mi 3:3.

† [פָּחַל] vb. Pi. peel (NH Pi. split, divide; so Ar. فَصَلَ, JAram. (Talm.) פְּחַל, Syr. ܦܨܰܠ; akin to באל q.v.);—Pf. 3 ms. כִּצֵּל Gn 30:38 (obj. rods); Impf. 3 ms. וַיְפַצֵּל v:37 (c.acc. cogn.).

† [פִּחְלָה] n.f.pl. peeled spot or stripo;—pl. פְּחָלוֹת לְבָנוֹת Gn 30:37 (as acc. cogn.).

† [פָּחַם] vb. split open (Ar. فَصَمَ crack; Targum פַּחֵם Je 22:14, cut out, make, window);—Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. of earth, פְּחַמְתָָּהּ Ps 60:4 (subj. God).

† [פָּחַע] vb. bruise, wound by bruising (NH split, bruise; Ar. فَصَعَ squeeze a ripe date, rub; Aram. פְּחַע split);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. הִכּוּנִי פְּחָעוּנִי Ct 5:7; Inf. abs. הַכֵּה וּפָחֹעַ 1 K 20:37 a smiting and a bruising (him); Pt. Pass. cstr. פְּחוּעַ־דַּכָּה Dt 23:2 one wounded by crushing.

† פֶּ֫חַע n.m. Pr 27:6 bruise, wound;—abs. פ׳ Ex 21:25; Is 1:6 (fig.), Pr 20:30 פָָּחַע Ex 21:25; sf. פִּחְעִי Gn 4:23; pl. פְּחָעִים Pr 23:29; fig. also cstr. פִּחְעֵי 27:6 and sf. פְּחָעַי Jb 9:17.

† [פָּחַץ] vb. break (Ar. فَضَّ break, break asunder; Nab. פחץ break asunder; Syr. ܦܰܥ crush);—Pōï‘. Impf. 3 ms. יְפֹחֵץ סָָלַע Je 23:29 a hammer which shatters rock. Pilp. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְפַחְפְּחֵנִי Jb 16:12 he [God] dashed me in pieces (fig.).

823

† פִּצֵּץ only הַפּ׳ n.pr.m. priestly name 1 Ch 24:15; τῷ Φεταια, A Αφεσση, LXXL Αφεσσει.

פַּצֵּץ v. בֵּית פַּצֵּץ p. 112.

† [פָּחַר] vb. push, press (perh. related, by transp., to Ar. فَرَضَ appoint, prescribe, As. parṣu, command, cf. Ba:ZMG xliii (1889), 188);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְחַר־ Gn 19:3 +, 3 mpl. וַיִּפְחְרוּ v:9, 2 K 2:17; —push, press, upon (ב pers.) physically Gn 19:2; = urge v:3, 33:11, Ju 19:7, 2 K 2:17, + inf. 5:16; read also prob. וַיִּפְחַר־בּוֹ 2 S 13:25, 13:27, 2 K 5:23 (for וַיִּפְרָץ־), וַיִּפְחְרוּ־בוֹ 1 S 28:23 (for וַיִּפְרְחוּ־), Tanchum (cf. The), Weir in Dr:1 S 28:23 Kit:id. Bu HPS Löhr. Hiph. Inf. abs. הַפְחַָר 1 S 15:23 to display pushing (i.e. arrogance, presumption; ‖מֶ֔רִי; cf. Dr).

† פְּחִירָה appar. n.f. fr.√ פחר, 1 S 13:21; dub.; prob. incurably crpt.; AV file fr. Targum SyrVer Rabb., Ke bluntness; both lack philol. ground; v. esp. Dr.

פִּק v. פִּיק p.807

פָּקַד:303 vb. attend to, visit, muster, appoint (NH id., visit, enjoin; Ph. פקד attend to, provide; As. paḳâdu = BH; Ar. فَقَدَ lose, miss; also (Dozy) give heed, attention, to; Eth. faqada: visit, muster, desire, need, etc.; Nab. פקד command (Cook), so Targum פְּקַד Pa., Syr. ܦܩܰܕ, also visit);—Qal:234 Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Ex 4:31 +; 1 s. פָּקַדְתִּי 3:16 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְקֹד Gn 50:24 +, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּקֹד Nu 3:15 +, etc.; Inf. abs. פָּקֹד Gn 50:24 +; cstr. לִפְקֹד 2 S 24:4 +, etc.; Pt. act. פֹּקֵד Ex 20:5 +; pass. פְּקֻדִים (הַ) 30:14 +, cstr. פְּקוּרֵי Nu 31:14 +, etc.;—A. 1. a. pay attention to, observe (with care, practical interest), of י׳ c. acc. pers. + rei Ex 3:16 (J), c. acc. pers. 4:31 (J; ‖רָאָה), Ps 8:5 (with providence, cf. פְּקֻדָּה Jb 10:12; ‖זָכַר); c. acc. rei 1 S 15:2, Ps 80:15 (‖הִבִּיט, רָאָה), La 4:22 (‖גִּלָּה עַל), יִוְכֹּר עֲוֹנָם וְיִפְקֹד חַטאֹתָם Ho 8:13 = 9:9 = Je 14:10; 1 S 17:18 observe thy brothers as to well-being (לְשָׁלוֹם; i.e. see how they fare). b. attend to, in act, see to, c. acc. pers. 2 K 9:34; acc. of sheep Je 23:2 (in fig.); cf. Zc 10:3 b, 11:16. c. seek (with interest, desire), seek י׳ Is 26:16; in bad sense, look about for Ez 23:21. Hence d. seek in vain, need, miss, lack (cf. Niph., and Ar. Eth. supr.), c. acc. pers. 1 S 20:6, Is 34:16, rei 1 S 25:15, Je 3:16. 2. specif. visit, c. acc., for different purposes: with (ב) a present Ju 15:1; esp. of י׳, visit graciously Gn 21:1, 50:24, 50:25 = Ex 13:19 (all E), Is 23:17, Je 15:15 (‖זָכַר), 27:22, 29:10, Ps 8:5 (‖זָכַר) 65:10 +; בִּישׁוּעָתְֶָ 106:4 (‖זָכַר); visit to search, test, acc. pers. Jb 7:18 (‖כָּחַן), Ps 17:3 (‖ id.; obj. om.), abs. Jb 31:14; to punish Je 6:15, 49:8, 50:31, Ps 59:6; acc. pers. om. Ex 32:34 a, Is 26:14, c. עַל rei (of sin) Je 5:9, 5:29, 9:8 (here + ב pers.); acc. rei Ps 89:33; abs., of י׳'s anger Jb 35:15. 3. c. עַל pers., visit upon, י׳ subj., + acc. rei (of sin) Am 3:2, 3:14, Ho 1:4, 2:15, Ex 20:5, 34:7, Dt 5:9 + 10 t.; acc. rei om., = punish Is 10:12, Je 9:24, 11:22, 13:21 + 10 t. Je, + 8 t.; + כ rei Ho 12:3, Je 21:14; + cl. of sin Ho 4:14; c. אֶל pers. Je 50:18, 50:18, אֶל + עַל 46:18; indef. subj. c. עַל of vineyard = injure Is 27:3. 4. pass in review, muster (nearly = number), c. acc., 1 S 11:8, 13:15, 2 S 24:2, 24:4 + 11 t. + Nu 1:3, 1:19, 1:44, 1:49 + 16 t. Nu (P); acc. om. 1 S 14:17, 14:17, Nu 3:42; obj. נָוֶה Jb 5:24; esp. pt. pass., persons or things mustered (numbered), Ex 30:12, 30:13, 30:14, 38:25, 38:26, Nu 1:21, 1:22 + 67 t. Nu, + 1 Ch 23:24. B. appoint:

1. c. acc. pers. + אִתָּם Gn 40:4, + עַל pers. over whom Je 15:3, 51:27, Nu 27:16, + אֶל (for עַל) Je 49:19 = 50:44; c. acc. pers. alone Nu 3:10, + בְּראֹשׁ הָעָם Dt 20:9; pt. pass. pl. appointed ones, officers, of (fighting) host Nu 31:14; 31:48, 2 K 11:15, 2 Ch 23:14.

2. c. acc. rei, appoint, assign, + עַל pers. to whom, Nu 4:27 (on text v. Di); c. acc. rei only, v:32; cf. Jb 34:13, 36:23; lay upon (עַל pers.) as a charge, Zp 3:7 (rdg. מֵעֵינֶיהָ, LXX We Now, for מְעוֹנָהּ); + inf. 2 Ch 36:23 = Ezr 1:2; = deposit, c. acc. rei + ב loc., 2 K 5:24 (cf. פִּקָּדוֹן). † Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִפְקַד 1 S 25:7 +; 2 ms. וְנִפְקַרְתָּ֫ 20:18; Impf. 3 ms. יִפָּקֵד v:18 +, etc.; Inf. הִפָּקֵד abs. 1 K 20:39; cstr. Ju 21:3; —1. be (sought, i.e. needed) missed, lacking 1 S 20:18 + v:19 (LXX, for MT תֵּרֵד, We Dr al.), 25:7, 1 K 20:39 (+ inf. abs.), 2 K 10:19, 10:19, Je 23:4 (Gr Gie conj. יִפְחָ֖דוּ), + מִן part. Ju 21:3, 1 S 25:21, 2 S 2:30, Nu 31:49; of seat 1 S 20:18, place v:25, v:27 (i.e. be empty). 2. be visited (graciously) Ez 38:8, Is 24:22, cf. 29:6 (ב accomp.; v. Di).

3. be visited upon, עַל pers., Nu 16:29 (subj. פְּקֻדָּה); רָָע בַּל יִפּ׳ Pr 19:23 evil shall not be visited (sc. upon him; rd. perh. שׂבֵר עָלָיו for שָׂבֵעַ יָלִין v. Toy).

4. be appointed Ne 7:1, + עַל 12:44. † Pi. (intens.) muster a host, Pt. מְפַקֵּד Is 13:4 (of י׳). † Pu. be passed in review, Pf. 3 ms. פֻּקַּד Ex 38:21; be caused to miss, deprived of, 1 s. פֻּקַּדְתִּי Is 38:10 c. acc. rei. † Hithp. be mustered, Pf. 3 pl. הִתְפָּֽקְדוּ Ju 20:15, 20:17; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְפָּקֵד 21:9; 3 mpl. 20:15 (on form v. Ges:§ 541). † Hothp. id., Pf. 3 pl. הָתְפָּֽקְדוּ 1 K 20:27, Nu 1:47, 2:33, 26:62 (Ges:l. c.). Hiph.:29 Pf. 3 ms. הִפְקִיד Gn 39:5 +, 2 ms. sf. הִפְקַדְתּוֹ 1 S 29:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַפְקִיד Is 10:28, etc.; Imv. ms. הַפְקֵד Nu 1:50, Ps 109:6, etc.;—1. c. acc. pers., set (over), make overseer; 2 K 25:23; + עַל Gn 39:4, Je 1:10, Nu 1:50 + 8 t., fig., acc, of punishment, Lv 26:16; + ב Je 40:5 +3 t.; + ב and על Gn 39:5; + ל 1 K 11:28; + אֲשֶׁר שָׁם 1 S 29:4 where thou hast stationed him, ins. also v:10 LXX The We Dr al.; + אִתּוֹ Je 40:7, cf. 41:10. 2. c. acc. rei (implic.), a. commit, entrust (cf. פִּקָּדוֹן), עַל־יַד פ׳ 1 K 14:27 = 2 Ch 12:10; c. acc. רוּחִי + בְּיָֽדְְ Ps 31:6. b. deposit, c. acc. rei + ב loc. Je 36:20, + ל loc. Is 10:28; acc. pers. (Jer. as prisoner) + ב loc. Je 37:21. † Hoph. 1. be visited in punishment, Pf. 3 ms. הָפְקַד Je 6:6 (impers.; but LXX ψευδής read הַשֶּׁקֶר JDMich, הַפֶּרֶק Gie). 2. be deposited, אִתּוֹ Lv 5:23 (subj. הַפִּקָּדוֹן). 3. be made overseer, Pt. מֻפְקָדִים(הַ), c. בֵּית 2 K 22:9, 12:12 Qr (Kt הפקדים); בְּבֵית י׳ 22:5 (Qr del. ב), 2 Ch 34:10; c. עַל pers. 2 Ch 34:12; abs. v:17.

824

פְּקֻדָּה:32 n.f. oversight, mustering, visitation, store;—abs. פ׳ Ho 9:7, 1 Ch 23:11; cstr. פְּקֻדַּת Nu 3:32 +; sf. פְּקֻדָּתוֹ 109:8, etc.; pl. ת(וֹ)פְּקֻדּ Je 52:11 +;—

1. visitation: a. = punishment Ho 9:7, Is 10:3, Mi 7:4, Ez 9:1, Nu 16:29 (P), esp. in (שְׁנַת)עֵת פְּקֻדָּתָם Je 8:12, 10:15 + 6 t. Je (cf. עֵת c. פָּקַד 6:15, 49:8, 50:31), בֵּית הַפּ׳ = prison 52:11. b. gracious visitation, providence Jb 10:12.

2. a. oversight, charge Nu 4:16 (P), also 3:36 (P; redund.), 1 Ch 26:30; = office 2 Ch 23:18. b. overseer (abstr. for concr.), 2 K 11:8, Ez 44:11 (c. אֶל rei), Nu 3:32 (P); coll. = magistracy Is 60:17 (Lag:BN 151), cf. 2 Ch 24:11. c. class of officers 1 Ch 23:11, 24:3, 24:19. d. charge = thing entrusted Nu 4:16 (P).

3. mustering 2 Ch 17:14, 26:11.

4. store, things laid up, Is 15:7, Ps 109:8 (perh.; Hup We:Skizzen vi. 184 al. office).

† [פְּקוּדִים n.pl. [m.] abstr. musterings i.e. expenses;—cstr. פְּקוּדֵי Ex 38:21 (v. Di).

† פָּקִיד n.m. commissioner, deputy, overseer;—abs. פ׳ Je 20:1 +; cstr. פְּקִיד 2 Ch 24:11, Ne 11:22; sf. פְּקִידוֹ Ju 9:28; pl. פְּקִדִים Gn 41:34, Je 29:26, פְּקִידִים 2 Ch 31:13, Est 2:3; —commissioner, for special duty Gn 41:34 (E), Est 2:3; permanent deputy of king Ju 9:28, of priest 2 Ch 24:11, of Levites 31:13; overseer, one in charge of men, c. עַל of soldiers 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25, Benjamites Ne 11:9, priests v:14; abs., without עַל, Je 29:26 (of priest in temple, reading פָּקִיד Vrss. Gie), cf. 20:1 (v. נָגִיד 3); c. sf. of Levites Ne 11:22, singers 12:42.

† פְּקִדֻת n.f. oversight;—בַּעַל פ׳ Je 37:13 sentinel.

[פִּקּוּד]:24 n.m.:Ps 19:9 precept (of י׳; prop. thing appointed, charge, cf. √ B 2), in PsalmPsalm (cf. Syr. ܦܽܘܦܳܕܳܐ, ܦܽܘܩܕܳܢܳܐ);—only pl. cstr. פִּקּוּדֵי י׳ Ps 19:9, and sf. פִּקּוּדָיו 111:7, פִּקֻּדָיו 103:18; elsewh. פִּקּוּדֶיְ 119:15, 119:27 + 10 t. 119 + v:128 (for MT פִּקּוּדֵי כֹל, LXX Vulgate and most); פִּקֻּדֶיְ v:4, v:45 +6 t. 119.

† פִּקָּדוֹן n.m.:Lv 5:23 deposit, store (cf. √ Qal B2; Hiph. 2);—פּ׳ abs., of grain stored against famine Gn 41:36; thing left in trust Lv 5:21, 5:23.

† מִפְקָד n.[m.] muster, appointment, appointed place;—abs. מ׳ only in שַׁעַר הַמּ׳ Ne 3:31, v. I. שַׁעַר; cstr. מִפְקַד:

1. muster of people 2 S 24:9 = 1 Ch 21:5.

2. appointment of (by) Hezekiah 2 Ch 31:13.

3. appointed place of (in) temple Ez 43:21 (Krae watch, guardhouse; Kö:ii. 1, 93 conj. מוֹקֵד).

† פְּקוֹד n.pr.gent. et terr. a people in Bab. army Ez 23:23 (Φακουκ; A και Φουδ); יוֹשְׁבֵי פ׳ Je 50:21; = As. Puḳûdu, tribe in SE. Babylonia, bordering Elam Wkl:Sargon i. 241 Schr:COT Je Dl:Pa 240 f.

† פָּקַח vb. open eyes and (once) ears (NH id., open (and remove) rubbish heap, sq. עַל look to, attend to; Ar. فَقَحَ blossom, II. open eyes; JAram פְּקַח open eyes, etc.; Syr. ܦܩܰܚ blossom;—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Jb 27:19; 2 ms. פָּקַחְתָּ 14:3; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְקַח Gn 21:19 +; 1 s. אֶפְקַח Zc 12:4; Imv. ms. פְּקַח 2 K 6:17 +, so Dn 9:18 Qr (Kt פקחה); Inf. abs. פָּקוֹחַ Is 42:20; cstr. לִפְקֹחַ v:7; Pt. act. פֹּקֵחַ Ps 146:8; pass. fpl. פְּקֻחוֹת Je 32:19; —

1. open eyes: a. one's own 2 K 4:35, Jb 27:19, Pr 20:13; 2 K 19:16 = Is 37:17, Dn 9:18; + עַל Je 32:19, Zc 12:4, Jb 14:3. b. eyes of others Gn 21:19, 2 K 6:17, 6:17, 6:20, 6:20, Is 42:7, Ps 146:8; —for details v. עַיִן 1 j. 2. open ears = hear Is 42:20 (without understanding; fig. of Isr.). Niph. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנִפְקְחוּ Gn 3:5; Impf. 3 fpl. תִּפָּקַחְנָה Is 35:5, וַתּ׳ Gn 3:7; —be opened, of eyes; fig., so as to know good and evil Gn 3:5, 3:7; opp. blindness (fig.) Is 35:5.

† פִּקֵּחַ adj. seeing;—פ׳ Ex 4:11 (opp. עִוֵּר); pl. פִּקְחִים, fig., 23:8 clear-sighted ones (cf. [עָוַר]).

† פְּקַח־קוֹחַ, rd. פְּקַחְקוֹחַ n.[m.] opening (of eyes; cf. Comn., Ges:§ 85 n, prop. wide, or complete, opening);—לַאֲסוּרִים Is 61:1, fig. of freeing fr. dark prison; but LXX che:Hpt read לְעִוְרִים, cf. Di-Kit.

† פֶּ֫קַח n.pr.m. usurping king of Israel, Φακεε (opening (? of eyes), or cf. Syr. ܦܶܩܚܳܐ flower; cf. n.pr.m. פקח, פקח׳, on old Isr. seals; in As. Paḳaḫa (acc.) Schr:COT 2k 15, 30);—2 K 15:25, 15:27, 15:29, 15:30, 15:31, 15:32, 15:37, 16:1, 16:5, Is 7:1, 2 Ch 28:6.

† פְּקַחְיָה n.pr.m. king of Israel (י׳ hath opened the eyes);—2 K 15:22, 15:23, 15:26, Φακεσιας, Φακειας.

825

פקע (√ of foll., mng. dub.; NH פָּקַע split, spring off; cf. Targum Ithpe., Syr. ܦܩܰܥ burst, crash; NH פְּקַעַת is ball, roll, פְּקִיעַ wick, הִפְקִיעַ denom.; Ar. فَقَعَ is be yellow, also break wind, II. crack finger-joints, etc.; Ecclus 46:17 פקע crash; Targum פְּקַע roll noisily; Syr. ܦܰܩܥܳܐ crash, crack).

† פְּקָעִים n.m.:1 K 7:24 pl. carved wood or metal ornaments, either ball-, knob-shaped (Löw:p. 332 f.) of gourd-shaped (so most; cf. foll.; Syr. ܦܩܺܝܥܳܐ flowers [Lexx]);—1 K 6:18, 7:24, 7:24.

† פַּקֻּעֹת n.[f.] pl. gourds (wild cucumbers, citrullus colocynthis, with purgative properties, acc. to Post:Hastings DB ii. 250 De:Ri HWB 278 f. LXX κολοκυνθις; > momordica (or ecballium) elaterium, which is not a vine; cf. Syr. ܦܩܽܘܥܳܐ, fruit of colocynthis (or the similar cucumis prophetarum, Löw:l. c. Brock);—cstr. שָׂדֶה פ׳ 2 K 4:39.

פַּר v. פרר. p. 830

I. פרא v. Hiph. Impf. יַפְרִיא sub פרה. p. 826

II. פרא (√ of foll,; Jen:Cosmol. 110 cp. Talm. פרא run; Ar. فَرَأُ, فَرَأ wild ass, Hom:NS 123; As. parû, mule (wild ass is purîmu)).

† פֶּ֫רֶא n.m.:Jb 39:5 (m.et f. Je 2:24, but f. prob. erron., cf. Kö:Synt. 157 Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 68) wild ass (prob. from swiftness);—פ׳ abs. Ho 8:9 + (so Je 2:24 Gi; van d. H. Baer פֶּרֶךְ), cstr. Gn 16:12; pl. פְּרָאִים Je 14:6 +;—wild ass Je 14:6, Jb 6:5, 39:5, Is 32:14, Ps 104:11; עַיִר פ׳ Jb 11:12 wild ass's colt; אָדָם פ׳ Gn 16:12 (J) a wild ass of a man (Ishmael as a free nomad); fig. of wilfulness Ho 8:9 (v. I. בָּדַד); of lust Je 2:24 (i.e. Israel's love of idolatry); of poor desert-dwellers Jb 24:5.

† פִּרְאָם n.pr.m. Canaanite king of Jarmuth Jos 10:3, Φειδων, LXXL Φεδαμ, A Φερααμ.

פֹּראֹת v. פּאֹרָה. פַּרְבָּר v. [פַּרְוָר]. p. 802, 826.

† I. [פָּרַד] vb. divide (NH id., divide, separate; so Syr. in der. spec. and deriv.; Ar. فَرَدَ be single, sole, also (Dozy) unfold, unroll):—Qal Pt. pass. fpl. פְּרֻדוֹת Ez 1:11 divided, i.e. spread, of wings. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִפְרְדוּ Gn 10:5, 10:32, נִפְרָָדוּ 2 S 1:23; Impf., יִפָּרֵד Gn 2:10, Pr 19:4, etc.; Imv. ms. הִפָּ֫רֶד נָא Gn 13:9; Inf. cstr. הִפָּֽרֶד־ לוֹט v:14; Pt. נִפְרָד Ju 4:11, Pr 18:1, נִפְּרָדִים Ne 4:13; —

1. divide, separate (intrans.), Gn 2:10 (of river, dividing into branches); of one man separating from another, c. מֵעַל 13:9, 13:11, מֵעִם v:14 (all J), from others, מִן Ju 4:11; recipr. Gn 25:23 (J; of sons of Rebekah representing nations, c. מִמֵּעַיִח in constr. praegn. [Ges:§ 199 ff], i.e. divided (hostile) from birth); abs. Pr 18:1; of peoples separating from (מִן) parent stock 10:5, 10:32 (P).

2. be divided, separated, 2 S 1:23, Ne 4:13; of loss of friendship Pr 19:4. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְפָרֵָדוּ Ho 4:14 make a separation, i.e. go apart (in company with [עִם] harlots, cf. RS:Sem. i. 436, 2nd ed. 455). Pu. Pt. divided, מְפֻזָּר וּמְפֹרָד בֵּין הָעַמִּיםעַם Est 3:8 Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְרִיד Gn 30:40; Impf. יַפְרִיד Ru 1:17, Pr 18:18, 3 mpl. וַיַּפְרִדוּ 2 K 2:11; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּהַפְרִידוֹ Dt 32:8; Pt. מַפְרִיד Pr 16:28, 17:9; —1. divide, separate Gn 30:40 (JE) Dt 32:8, of separating friends Pr 16:28, 17:9. 2. make a division, separation, between (בֵּין), 2 K 2:11, Ru 1:17; of parting disputants (c. בֵּין) Pr 18:18. Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. וְהִתְפָּֽרְדוּ Ps 22:15; Impf. יִתְפָּֽרְדוּ 92:10, רָָדוּ- Jb 4:11, 41:9; —be divided, separated, from each other; of scales of crocodile (c. neg.) Jb 41:9, of bones, = be loosened at the joint, Ps 22:15 (fig. of helplessness); = be dispersed Jb 4:11, Ps 92:10.

† [פְּרֻדָה] n.f. grain of seed (?) (prop., si vera l., the separated; cf. Syr. ܦܶܪܕܳܐ, ܦܪܳܕܳܐ, Talm. פְּרִידָא, pebble, berry);—only pl. פְּרֻדוֹת Jo 1:17.

† פְּרוּדָא n.pr.m. post-exil. name Ezr 2:55 (Φαδουρα), = פְּדִירָא Ne 7:57 (Φερειδα LXXL as Ezr).

II. פרד (√ of foll.; cf. Syr. ܦܪܰܕ flee, flee away, so Targum der. spec.; NH פֶּרֶד = BH).

† פֶּ֫רֶד n.m.:2 S 18:9 mule;—פ׳ abs. 2 S 18:9, 18:9, 18:9 +, sf. פִּרְדּוֹ 13:29; pl. פְּרָדִים 1 K 10:25 +; פִּרְדֵיהֶם Ezr 2:66 = Ne 7:68 (van d. H.; Gi Baer in marg.);—mule, ridden by princes 2 S 13:29, in battle 18:9, 18:9, 18:9; cf. (later, + horses, etc.) Zc 14:15, Is 66:20; royal gift 1 K 10:25 = 2 Ch 9:24; royal property 1 K 18:5; in trade of Tyre Ez 27:14; beast of burden, מַשָּׂא חֶמֶד פְּרָדִים 2 K 5:17 the load of a pair of mules, of earth, 1 Ch 12:40; property of returning exiles Ezr 2:66 = Ne 7:68; as refractory Ps 32:9 (in sim.).

† פִּרְדָּה n.f. she-mule;—פ׳ ridden by king 1 K 1:33, cstr. פִּרְדַּת הַמֶּלֶח v:38, v:44.

† פַּרְדֵּס n.[m.] preserve, park (loan-word from Zend pairi-daêza, enclosure, Spieg Haug in Ew:Jahrb. v. 162 f., cf. Spieg:Avesta i. 293; Pers. p0lyz pâlêz Lag:Ges. Abh. 75, 211, Kurd. parês Nö:ZMG xxxvi (1882), 182; hence Arm. paṛtêz Lag:Arm. Stud. § 1878, late As. pardisu Meissn:ZA vi. 290, Ar. فِرْدَوْسُ; Gk. παράδεισος; cf. also Dl:Pa 95 ff. Di:Gn 2, 8);—הַפּ׳ Ne 2:8 (containing trees); cstr. פַּרְדֵּס רִמּוֹנִים Ct 4:13 (fruit-trees and costly plants); pl. פַּרְדֵּסִים Ec 2:5 (+ גַּנּוֹת).

826

† [פָּרָה] vb. bear fruit, be fruitful (NH = BH 1, פְּרִי = BH; Ph. פר fruit; Eth. farya: faraya: blossom, bear fruit; As. pir'u, posterity; cf. also Targum פֵּירָא Syr. ܦܶܐܪܳܐ fruit, and Ba:ZMG xii (1887), 604):—Qal Pf. 3 pl. פָּרוּ Ex 1:7; 1 pl. consec. וּפָרִינוּ Gn 26:22, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְרֶה Is 11:1, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּרֵה Gn 35:11, mpl. פְּרוּ 1:22 +; Pt. act. פֹּרֶה Dt 29:17, f. פֹּרִיָּה Ez 19:10, Is 17:6, פֹּרָת (Ges:§ 80 g; for *פֹּרַיַת Lag:BN 81) Gn 49:22; 49:22; —

1. of men and animals, Ex 23:30 (E) Gn 26:22 (J); esp. + רבה Je 3:16, 23:3, Ez 36:11, Gn 35:11, 47:27 (P), and שָׁרַץ (P) Gn 8:17, 9:7, Ex 1:7, פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ וּמִלְאוּ וגו׳ Gn 1:22, 1:28, 9:1.

2. of vine, גֶּפֶן פֹּרִיָּה Is 32:12 fruitful vine, so Ps 128:3 (sim. of wife); cf. (in fig. of Isr.) Ez 19:10; in Mess. prediction Is 11:1 a shoot from his [Jesse's] roots shall bear fruit; c. acc. ראֹשׁ שֹׁרֶשׁ פ׳ fig., Dt 29:17 a root bearing gall (as its fruit); יִפְרוּ יֶשַׁע Is 45:8 is dub., read perh. 3 fs. תֵּפֶר let earth be fruitful in salvation (Oort al.); Pt. f., as subst., הַפֹּרַיָּה the fruit-bearer, poet. for tree, Is 17:6 (cf. [סָעִיף] 2); so בֵּן פֹּרָת Gn 49:22, 49:22 Joseph is son of a fruit-bearer, i.e. a fruitful bough. Hiph. 1. cause to bear fruit, 2. make fruitful, subj. י׳ c. acc. of man or people: 1. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הִפְרַנִי Gn 41:52 (E). 2. in P, וְהִפְרֵתִ֫י Gn 17:6, 17:20 (רֵיתֵ֫י-), + הִרְבָּה Lv 26:9 (H); Impf. 3 ms. juss. יַפְרְְ וְיַרְבְְּ Gn 28:3, וַיֶּפֶר Ps 105:24; Pt. הִנְנִי מַפְרְְ וְהִרְבִּיתְִ Gn 48:4.

3. shew fruitfullness, bear fruit (Ges:§ 53 c. d, g): Impf. 3 ms. יַפְרִיא Ho 13:15 (as if from פרא).

פְּרִי:119 n.m.:Ho 14:9 fruit;—abs. פ׳ Ho 9:16 +, פֶָּרִי Je 12:12 +; esp. cstr. פְּרִי Gn 4:3 +; sf. פִּרְיִי Pr 8:19, פֶּרְיְְ Ho 14:9, פִּרְיוֹ Gn 3:6 +, וּפֶרְיְכֶם Ez 36:8, פְּרִיהֶם Am 9:14, פִּרְיָם La 2:20 +, פִּרְיָמוֹ Ps 21:11, פְּרִיהֶן Je 29:28, פִּרְיָן v:5, etc.;—

1. פְּרִי הָאֲרָמָה Gn 4:3 (J), fruit of the ground, of produce in gen., so Dt 7:13 + 9 t. Dt + 3 t.; הָאֶרֶץ פ׳ Nu 13:20, 13:26, 13:27 (JE) + 5 t., cf. Ez 25:4; fruit of vineyard 2 K 19:29 = Is 37:30, Zc 8:12, Is 65:21, Ct 8:11, 8:12, in fig. Ho 10:11 + 5 t. + Ez 17:14 (but del. LXX Co al.); esp. הָעֵץ פ׳ Gn 3:2, 3:3, 3:6, Ex 10:15 (all J) + 21 t., also, in fig., Am 2:9, Ho 9:16 + 4 t. + Ez 17:23 (read פּאֹרָה branches Co al.); of gardens Am 9:14, Je 29:5, 29:28, fig. Ct 4:12, 4:16; עֵץ פְּרִי is fruit-tree Gn 1:11, Ps 148:9, cf. Ec 2:5; אֶרֶץ פְּרִי Ps 107:34; פְּרִי תְּבוּאָךְ v:37 fruit of (consisting in) a crop; Ps 72:16 is dub.; Che Du interpr. as 2; Bae prop. יִפְרוּ.

2. = offspring: fruit of womb (בֶּטֶן) Gn 30:2, Dt 7:13 + 9 t., cf. La 2:20, Ps 21:11; of cattle (בְּהֵמָה) Dt 28:4, 28:11, 28:51, 30:9; of serpent, fig. of power conquering Philistia Is 14:29.

3. fig. of fruit of actions, i.e. their consequences: good Is 3:10, Ps 58:12; bad Ho 10:13, Pr 1:31, Mi 7:13, of thoughts Je 6:19; of result of removing sin Is 27:9; result of labour (fruit of hands) Pr 31:16, 31:31; product of works of י׳ Ps 104:13, of wisdom Pr 8:19; חְדָקָה פ׳ Am 6:12, cf. חַדִּיק פ׳ Pr 11:30 (rd. חֶדֶק LXX Hi Toy); of doings (i.e. course of life, or character) Je 17:10, 21:14, 32:19; פִי־אִישׁ פ׳ i.e. speech Pr 12:14, 13:2, 18:20; fruit of arrogance Is 10:12 is arrogant speech; fruit of tongue Pr 18:21 = consequences of speech.

I, II. פָּרָה v. III. פרר. פֶּרֶה v. פֶּרֶא. p. 825, 831

[פֵּרָה], פֵּרוֹת Is 2:20 v. [חֲפַרְפָּרָה] p. 344.

† פֻּרָה n.pr.m. Ju 7:10, 7:11, Φαρα.

† פַּרְוָָיִם n.pr.loc. זְהַב פ׳ 2 Ch 3:6, Φαρουαιμ; in Arabia ? Sprenger:Alte Geogr. Ar. 54 f. identif. with Farwa in Yemen, Gl:Skizze ii. 347 (less prob.) with Sâḳ el Farwain in Yemama (Nejd).

† [פַּרְוֶר] n.[m.] structure (colonnade ?) attached to W. side of Solomon's temple; pl. פַּרְוָרִים 2 K 23:11; appar. same word in sg. פַּרְבָּר 1 Ch 26:18, 26:18 (all c. art.) (Thes cp. Pers. فَرْوْار open kiosk, summer-house (lit. light-bearer). whence perhaps פ׳ as loan-word, cf. Mishn. פַּרְוָוד, פַּרְוָאר, Targum פַּרְוָורָא suburd (made up of villas, summer-houses Thes); פ׳ then post-ex. insertion in 2 K 23:11; cf. further Dr in Hastings:DB).

† [פֶּ֫רֶז or פָּרָז] n.[m.] פְרָזָו Hb 3:14, text and meaning dub.; warriors (Vulgate Targum) or leaders (LXX δυναστῶν cf. SyrVer Thes We) would suit context.

פרז (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. فَرَزَ remove, separate فَرَزُ depressed ground between hills; NH הִפְרִיז extend border exceed limit; פָּרוּז = BH פְּרָזִי).

† [פְּרָזָה] n.f. open region, hamlet;—only pl. פְּרָזוֹת: אֶרֶץ פ׳ Ez 38:11 a land of hamlets (opp. חוֹמָה etc.); תֵּשֵׁב יְרוּשָׁלַם פ׳ Zc 2:8 as open regions shall Jerusalem sit (יָשַׁב 4); עָרֵי הַפּ׳ Est 9:19 (opp. שׁוּשָׁן v:18); perh. Ju 5:7 (פ׳ for פְּרָזוֹן, cf. SyrVer Targum GFM).

† פְּרָזִי n.[m.] hamlet-dweller;—coll. c. art. כֹּפֶר הַפּ׳ 1 S 6:18 (opp. עִיר מִבְחָר), עָרֵי הַפּ׳ Dt 3:5 (opp. עָרִים בְּחֻרֹת חוֹמָה וגו׳); pl. הַפְּרָזִים Est 9:19 Qr (Kt הפרוזים).

† פְּרָזוֹן n.[m.] dub.; פ׳ Ju 5:7; sf. פִּרְזוֹנוֹ v:11 (Lag:BN 119), poss. coll. rural population, rustics, Bachm Bu (the latter as gen. obj. after חִדְקֹת righteous acts to the peasants; > LXX Thes Be leaders and leadership (cf. [פֶּרֶז]; text very uncertain; on v:7 see [פְּרָזָה] supr.

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פְּרִזִּי:23 adj.gent. Perizzite (poss., but not certainly, connected with above √);—only הַפּ׳ as n.pr.coll. ὁ (οἱ) Φερεζαῖος (-αῖοι), of ancient inhab. of Canaan, + הַכְּנַעֲנִי [q.v.] Gn 13:7, 34:30 (J), Ju 1:4, 1:5; also in list of peoples dispossessed by Israel Gn 15:20, Ex 3:8 + 17 t.

† I. פָּרַח vb. bud, sprout, shoot (NT Hiph. = BH Hiph. 2; Ecclus פרח Qal = flourish, Hiph. causat., 49:10, 40:19; Ar. فَرِخَ II. hatch, also sprout, فَرْخُ young of bird (v. אֶפְרֹחַ infr.), twig, sprout; As. pirḫu, n. sprout;—on mng. cf. GFM:JBL x (1891), 57);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Ez 7:10 +, etc; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְרַח Ho 14:6 +, 3 fpl. תִּפְרַחְנָה Is 66:14, etc.; Inf. abs. פָּרֹחַ 35:2; cstr. בִּפְרֹךְ Ps 92:8; Pt. f. פֹּרַ֫חַת Gn 40:10; —bud, sprout, send out shoots, of vine Gn 40:10 (E), Ho 14:8 (sim.), Ct 6:11, 7:13; fig-tree Hb 3:17 (< LXX We Now תִּפְרֶח); rods Nu 17:20, 17:23; metaph. of restored Isr. Ho 14:6, Is 27:6, cf. of bones Is 66:14 (כַּדֶּשֶׁא); of righteous Ps 72:7, 92:13, Pr 11:28; of wicked (כְּמוֹ עֵשֶׂב) Ps 92:8; also of steppe (עֲרָבָה) Is 35:1, פָּרֹחַ תִּפְרַח v:2; fig. of judgment Ho 10:4 (כָּראֹשׁ; but on text v. Now); of זָדוֹן (q.v. p. 268) Ez 7:10. Hiph. Pf. 1 s. הִפְרַחְתִּי Ez 17:24; Impf. יַפְרִחַ Jb 14:9, etc.;—

1. cause to bud or sprout, c. acc. עֵץ Ez 17:24, זֶרַע Is 17:11, both fig.

2. shew buds, sprouts, of tree Jb 14:9; fig. of righteous Ps 92:14; = flourish, of אֹהֶל יְשָׁרִים, Pr 14:11 (all Qal in —ִ acc. to Ba:ZMG xliii (1889), 180 f.).

† פֶּ֫רַח n.m.:Na 1:4 bud, sprout;—abs. פ׳ Is 18:5 +, פָָּרַךְ Ex 25:33, 37:19; cstr. פֶּרַח Na 1:4 +; sf. פִּרְחָהּ Nu 8:4, פִּרָחָם Is 5:24; pl. sf. פְּרֶחֶיהָ Ex 25:31 +;—bud, Is 5:24, of vine 18:5 (both fig.), Nu 17:23; לְבָנוֹן פ׳ Na 1:4 the sprout of Lebanon (i. e. of its cedars); of bud-shaped ornament in temple 1 K 7:26 (שׁוֹשָָׁן פ׳) v:49 = 2 Ch 4:5 (שׁוֹשַׁנָּה פ׳) v:21; in tabern. Ex 25:31, 25:33, 25:33, 25:34, 37:17, 37:19, 37:19, 37:20, Nu 8:4.

† פִּרְחָח n.m. coll. brood (? as offshoot, off spring);—פ׳ Jb 30:12, i. e. the wretched crowd.

† [אֶפְרֹחַ] n.m.:Jb 39:30 young one, pl. young ones, young, of birds (Eth. 0afrxt: id.);—אֶפְרֹחִים Dt 22:6, 22:6; sf. אֶפְרֹחָו Jb 39:30, אֶפְרֹחֶיהָ Ps 84:4.

† II. פָּרַח vb. break out, of leprosy and like eruptions (in P) (usu. taken as = I. פ׳, but dub.; NH id., also decay, ferment Vogelst:Landwirthschaft 22; Syr. ܦܪܰܚ spread, of leprosy, etc.; NS. ܦܳܪܽܘܚܬܳܐ leprous spots);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Lv 13:39 (of בֹּהַקִ), וּפ׳ consec. 14:43 (of נֶגַע); of חָרַעַת 3 fs. פָּרָָחָה 13:20, 13:25, also Impf. 3 fs. + Inf. abs. פָּרוֹחַ תִּפְרַח v:12, and Pt. f. פֹּרַחַת v.42; of שְׁחִין Pt. m. פֹּרֵחַ Ex 9:9, 9:10.

† III. [פָּרַח] vb. fly, Aramaism, si vera l. (NH id., esp. fly away; Aram. פְּרַח, ܦܪܰܚ fly; ܦܳܪܰܚܬܳܐ insect, bird);—Qal Pt. fpl. לְפֹרְחוֹת Ez 13:20, 13:20 for (like ?) flying things, i. e. birds, but del. LXX SyrVer Hi Siegf in v:a (where prob. ins. from v:b); Co Toy Berthol Krae in v:a; v:b.

† פָּרוּחַ n.pr.m. in Issachar 1 K 4:17, LXX Φουασουδ, A Φαρρου, LXXL Βαρσαουχ.

† [פָּרַט] vb. very dub., Qal Pt. pl. הַפֹּרְטִים עַל־פִּי הַנָּ֑בֶל Am 6:5 (NH break off, divide, so Syr. ܦܪܰܗܛ; NH פְּרוּטָה, Aram. פְּרִיטָא, small coin, change, hence) A W Ra AEKi divide words into parts (in singing), AV chant; and Thes scatter (cf. פֶּרֶט) empty words; poss. also would be stammer (of broken speech; said contemptuously):—(Ar. فَرَطَ is precede, act hastily, IV. act extravagantly, talk immoderately (v. further Dr:Am. 236), hence) AW (as altern.) improvise carelessly, idly.

† פֶּ֫רֶט n.[m.] the broken off, i.e. fallen grapes;—cstr. כַּרְמְְ פ׳ Lv 19:10.

פְּרִי v. פרה.

I פרך (√ of foll.; NH פָּרַח rub, chafe, crumble; As. parâku, display violence; Ar. فَرَكَ rub and press, also hate violently; Aram. פְּרַח ܦܪܰܟ rub, crumble).

† פֶּ֫רֶךְ n.[m.] harshness, severity;—in phr. בְּפ׳ Lv 25:33, בְּפָָרֶח v:43, v:46; (H P), Ez 34:4 (all c. רדה rule harshly); Ex 1:13 (c. וַיַּעֲבִדוּ), v:14 (c. עֲכֹדָה; both P).

II. פרך (√ of foll.; cf. As. parâku, bar, shut off; parakku, apartment, shrine; Syr. ܦܰܪܟܳܐ shrine (v. RS:JPhil 13, 283); v. also Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi (1892), 77 Kö:ii. 1, 201).

פָּרֹ֫כֶת:25 n.f. curtain, before Most Holy Place, in tabern. (P) (prop. that which habitually shuts off, i.e. *parrâku (Lag:BN 88) Kö:ii. 1, 201);—פ׳ abs. Ex 26:31 + 17 t. P; cstr. הַמָּסָָח פ׳ Ex 35:12, 39:34, 40:21, Nu 4:5, הַקֹּדֶשׁ פ׳ Lv 4:6, הָעֵדוּת פ׳ 24:3; in temple 2 Ch 3:14.

† [פָּרַם] vb. tear, rend garment (NH = BH; Ar. فَرَمَ chop up onions, etc. (Landberg:Prov. 421); Syr. ܦܪܰܡ cut, rend);—always c. בְּגָדִים: Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִפְרֹם Lv 21:10 (H), 2 mpl. תִּפְרָֹמוּ 10:6 (P); Pt. pass. pl. פְּרֻמִים 13:45 (P).

828

† פַּרְמַשְׁתָּא n.pr.m. son of Haman Est 9:9, Μαρμασιμ(ν)α.

† פַּרְנָךְ n.pr.m. of Zebulun Nu 34:25, Φαρ(α)ναχ.

פָּרַס:28 n.pr.terr. Persia, περσῶν (genit.), Dn 11:2 τῇ Περσίδι (LXX et Θ), 2 Ch 36:20 Μήδων (Opers. Pârsa, Persian, Persia, Spieg:APK 231, NPers. pa0osi ; Ar. فَارْسِ;—פ׳ 2 Ch 36:22 +, פָּרָָס v:20 +;—in late lit., 2 Ch 36:20, v:22, 22, 23 = Ezr 1:1, 1:1, 1:2, Dn 10:1 + 11 t. Ezr Dn + (c. מָדַי) Est 1:3, 1:14, 1:18, 1:19, 10:2, Dn 8:20; פ׳ Ez 27:10, 38:5 is doubted by Toy (who, 27:10, rds. כּוּשׁ, after Gr), but Krae defends.

† פַּרְסִי adj.gent. Persian;—הַפּ׳ Ne 12:22.

† [פָּרַס, erron. פָּרַשׂ Nö:ZA i, 417] vb. break in two, divide (NH in der. forms; As. parâsu, divide, hinder; Ar. فَارِسُ break neck, etc.; Syr. فَرَسَ hoof, Targum פַּרְסְחָא (v. פַּרְסָה infr.); cf. Nö:ZA i.417 f.);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. וּפָֽרְשׂוּ Mi 3:3 they have broken up bones, as in kettle (?rd. Impf. וַיִפְרְשׂוּ Nö:i.c.); Inf. abs. פָּרֹס לָרָעֵב לַחְמְֶָ Is 58:7 a breaking for the hungry thy bread, so Impf. 3 mpl. יִפְרְסוּ לָהֶם Je 16:7 (לֶחֶם om.; but read לֶחֶם אֶל־אָבֵל יִפ׳ Gie, cf. [in part] LXX Valgate Gf); Pt. פֹרֵשׂ לֶהֶם La 4:4 (acc. לֶחֶם om.). Hiph. Pf. 3 fs. הִפְרִיסָה Lv 11:6, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַפְרִיס v:5; Pt. מַפְרִיס v:4 +, מַפְרֶסֶת v:3 +, etc.;—

1. c. acc. פַּרְסָה divide hoof, i.e. have divided hoof (> denom. have hoofs, Dt 14:6, 14:7, 14:8 and ‖ Lv 11:3, 11:4, 11:5, 11:6, 11:7, so also Lv 11:26; מַפְרִיסֵי הַפ׳ Dt 14:7 = מַפְרִסֵי הַפ׳ Lv 11:4 (H).

2. pt. abs. denom. Ps 69:32 having hoofs (+ מַקְרִן).

† פֶּ֫רֶס n.[m.] a bird of prey, perh. bearded vulture (gypaelus barbatus, 'ossifrage' (Tristr:NHB 171; FFP 94; from tearing its prey);—for bidden as food Dt 14:12 = Lv 11:13 (H).

פַּרְסָה:21 n.f. hoof (prob. orig. divided hoof; cf. Nö:ZA 1 (1886), 417, later of any hoof (v. 2 infr.), even Aram. of foot-sole of dove Targum:Onk Gn 8, 9, and of men (Je 47:3 +), cf. Nö:l.c.);—פ׳ abs. Ex 10:26 +; pl. ת(וֹ)פְּרָס Dt 14:6 Lv 11:3; cstr. id. Is 5:23 +; sf. פַּרְסֹתַיִח Mi 4:13, פַּרְסֵיהֶן Zc 11:16; —

1. of ruminants Ex 10:26 (E; meton. for animal itself), Mi 4:13 (fig. of Zion), Ez 32:13, Zc 11:16 (fig.); esp. שֶׁסַע פ׳ (שְׁתֵּי) Dt 14:6 = Lv 11:3, Lv 11:7, and c. פָּרַס Hiph. (q.v.) v:3 + 10 t. Lv 11 Dt 14.

2. of horses (not divided) Is 5:28, Ez 26:11 (so Targum SyrVer ), Je 47:3.

I. פרע (√ of foll.; cf. perh. Ar. ܦܰܪܳܣܐ overtop, fig. excel; فَرَعَ noble, eminent man; Sab. פרע be lofty Os:ZMG xix (1865), 178 f., פרע highest part SabDenkm:90, fig.best, DHM:ib., 32 f. CIS:iv. No. 2. 1. 13 esp. of offering DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 341 ff. (cf. Ar. فَرْعُ firstling offered to gods)).

I. פֶּ֫רַע n.[m.] leader (?);—pl. abs. בִּפְרֹעַ פְּרָעוֹת Ju 5:2 for the leading of the leaders (LXX:A Be Bu al., but uncertain; LXX:B Symm, cf. We:Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. (2), 97; Held.(2). 123 al., for the loosing of locks [II. פֶּרַע], in vow of war; on these and other views v. esp. GFM:ad loc.; conj. also by Lambert:REêJ xxiv. 140 Grimme:ZMG 1(1896), 572 Che:JQ July 1899, 561 [reading ברכו]); cstr. מֵראֹשׁ פַּרְעוֹת אוֹיֵב Dt 32:42 from the head of leaders of the foe LXX Di Steuern al.; Kn Ke Dr al. from the long-haired heads of the foe.

† [פָּרַע] vb. denom. act as leader, lead(?);—only Inf. cstr. בִּפְרֹעַ Ju 5:2, v. supr.

† פִּרְעָתוֹן n.pr.loc. in Ephr. (? = height; cf. Sab. n.pr. יהפרע he makes lofty Os:l.c.);— Ju 12:15, Φαραθωμ, A LXXL Φρααθων; perh. mod. Farï‘atâ, c. 6 miles WSM. from Nablus, cf. Buhl:Geogr. 206 (GASm:Geogr.353 prop. top of Wady Farah NE. from Nablus).

† פִּרְעָתוֹנִי adj.gent. of foregoing, Ju 12:13, 12:15, 1 Ch 27:14 cf. פִּרְעָחֹנִי 2 S 23:30 = 1 Ch 11:31.

II. פרע (√ of foll.; cf. Syr. فَرَعَ sprout; As.pirÕ’u, sprout, progeny, pirtu, hair of head; late Ar. ܦܪܰܥ sprout (Schroeter in Me:Archiv. i. 176 Dozy:ii.256), فَرَعَ long hair of woman;—on this and foll. √ v. Schulthess:Hom. Wurx. 56 Nö:ZMG iiv (1900), 154).

† II. פֶּ֫רַע n.[m.] long hair of head, locks;—פ׳ abs. Ez 44:20; cstr. שְׂעַר ראֹשׁוֹ פ׳ Nu 6:5 (P).— Ju 5:2, Dt 32:42, v. 1. פֶּרַע above

† III. פָּרַע vb. let go, let alone (NH id. unbind (hair), uncover; Ar. فَرْعُ be empty, vacant, unoccupied (c. فَرَغَ rei), Syr. مِن uncover; Targum פְּרַע = NH);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וּפָרַע Nu 5:18; sf. פְּרָעֹה (Ges:§ 7 b, c) Ex 32:25; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְרָָע Lv 21:10, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. פְּרָעֵהוּ Pr 4:15; Inf. cstr. פְּרֹע Ju 5:2; Pt. act. פּוֹרֵעַ Pr 13:18, 15:32 ; pass. פָּרוּעַ Lv 13:45, פָּרֻעַ Ez 32:25; —

1. let go, let loose, people, i.e. remove restraint from them, Ex 32:25, 32:25 (E); cf. Jb 15:4 Che:JQ, July 1897, 577 (תִּפְרָע for תִּגְרַע); unbind head (by removing turban, sign of mourning) Lv 10:6, 21:10 (forbidden to priests); also;13:45 (leper), Nu 5:18 (womsn; all c. ראֹשׁ; v. Now:Arch.ii. 114; > denom. from פֶּרַע Gerber 18 al.).

2. let alone = avoid Pr 4:15; = neglect 1:25, 8:33, 13:18, 15:32; abs. = refrain Ez 24:14.— Ju 5:2 v.1. פֶּרַע. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִדָמפּ֫רַע עָָם Pr 29:18 the people is let loose, lacks restraint. Hiph. pf. 3 ms. הַפְרִיעַ 2 Ch 28:19; Impf 2 mpl. תַּפְרִיעוּ Ex 5:4; —1. cause people to refrain, מִמַּעֲשָׂיו Ex 5:4. 2. shew lack of restraint 2 Ch 28:19.

829

פַּרְעה:275 n.m. Pharaoh, Φαραω, title of Egyptain kings (Egypt. pr-ï‘o, great house, of royal court, and (in new kingdom) of king Griffith:Hastings DB Mey:Gesch. Alt. i. 59 Steind:BAS. i. 343; in As pir’u acc. to most, cf. COT:Gloss. Steind:i.c., but v. Wkl:MVAG. 1898. 3f.);—פ׳ Gn 12:15, 12:15, 12:15, 12:17 + 212 t. Hex 19 t. K, Is 19:11, 19:11 + 3 t., Je 25:19 + 10 t., Ez 17:17 + 12 t., Ne 9:10, 1 Ch 4:18, 2 Ch 8:11, Ps 135:9, 136:15, Ct 1:9; + מֶלֶךְ מִחְרַיִם (not early) Je 25:19, 46:17, Dt 7:8, 11:3, Ez 29:2, 29:3, 30:21, 30:22, 31:2, 1 K 3:1, 9:16, 11:18, 2 K 17:7, 18:21 = Is 36:6, Gn 41:46 (E), Ex 6:11, 6:13, 6:27, 6:29, 14:8 (all P); c.n.pr. חָפְרַע פ׳ Je 44:30, נְכֹה פ׳ 46:2, 2 K 23:29, 23:33, 23:34, 23:35.

† I. פַּרְעשׁ n.m. flea (As. puršu’û, puršu’û; on, transp. of, v. Hom A.u.A.i.21);—fig. of insignifance 1 S 24:15, 26:20 נַפְשִׁי LXX Th We Dr al.

† II. פַּרְעשׁ n.pr.m. φορος, φαρες, etc., (flea; cf. Gray:Prop. N. 94);—

1. head of post-ex. family Ezr 2:3 = Ne 7:8, Ezr 8:3, 10:25, Ne 3:25.

2. Ne 10:15.

† פַּרְפַּר n.pr.flum. near Damascus 2 K 5:12 (A) φαρφαρ; A φαρφαρα; perh. mod 'Awaj, S. of Damascus Rob BR:iii. 447 f.

† I. פָּרַץ vb. break through (NH id.; J Aram. פְּרַץ id.; perh. As. parâṣu (v.Dl:HWB); Ar. فَرَصَ cut, slit, also hit);—Qal Pf. 3ms. פָּרַץ 2 S 5:20 +; 2 ms. sf. פְּרַחְתָּנוּ Ps 60:3, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְרֹץ Ex 1:12, 19:22, יִרְְָץ־ v:24, זַיִּפְרֹץ Gn 30:30 +, etc.; Inf. abs. פָּטֹץ Is 5:5; cstr. פְּרֹץ 2 Ch 31:5, פְּרוֹץ Ec 3:3; Pt. act. פֹּרֵץ Mi 2:13, Ec 10:8; pass. fs. פָּרוּחָה 2 Ch 32:5, Pr 25:28; mpl. פְּרֻחִים Ne 4:1 + הֵם פָּרוּחִים 2:13 Qr (> Kt המפרוחים );—break through:

1. break or nurst out, from womb Gn 38:29 (J; c. acc. cogn.); from enclosure Mi 2:13.

2. break through, down (from without), c. acc. גָּדֵר Is 5:5, Ps 80:13, 89:41, Ec 10:8; חוֹמָה Ne 3:35, 2 Ch 26:6, cf. pt. pass. Ne 2:13, 2 Ch 32:5; c. בְּחוֹמָה = make a breach in 2 K 14:13 = 2 Ch 25:23; עִיר פְּרוּחָה Pr 25:28; abs., opp. בָּנָה Ec 3:3; הַפֹּרֵץ Mi 2:13; הַפְּרוּחִים Ne 4:1 the part broken down.

3. break into, c. acc. בֵּית י׳ 2 Ch 24:7.

4. break open, a mining shaft Jb 28:4.

5. break up, break in pieces, c.acc. מַעֲשֶׂיְ 2 Ch 20:37 (‖ יַוּשָּֽׁבְרוּ אֳנִיּוֹת).

6. break put (violently) upon, of י׳ in sudden judgment, c. acc. pers. 2 S 5:20 = 1 Ch 14:11, Ps 60:3; c, ב pers. Ex 19:22 19:24 (J), 1 Ch 15:13, so of plague Ps 106:29; of י׳, c. acc. cogn. פֶּרֶין + ב pers. 2 S 6:8 = 1 Ch 13:11; c. acc. cogn. + sf. Jb 16:14.

7. use violence abs. Ho 4:2.

8. break over [limits], increase, וַיִפְרֹץ לָרֹב Gn 30:30 (J), 1 Ch 4:38; + ה loc. Gn 28:14 (J); abs. 30:43 (J), Ex 1:12 (J; + רָבָה), Ho 4:10, Is 54:3, פָּרַץ בָּאָרֶץ Jb 1:10.

9. burst open, intrans., of wine-vats Pr 3:10 (c. acc. mat. תִּירוֹשׁ).

10. spread, i.e. become known, of הַדָּבָר 2 Ch 31:5.—1 Ch 13:2 is prob. corrupt, v. Kau, who (after SS) conj. נֶחֱרָחָה; פ׳ in 2 Ch 11:23 is appar. distribute (c. מִן partit.) but dubious.—1 S 28:23, 2 S 13:25, 13:27, 2 K 5:23 v. פחר. Niph. Pt. אֵין חָזוֹן נִפְרָָץ 1 S 3:1 no vision spread abroad (i.e. general, or frequent, cf. Qal 10; ‖ הָיָה יָקָר דְּבַר י׳, but text dubious. Pu. Pt. f. מְפֹרָָחֶת Ne 1:3 (of wall). Hithp. Pt. pl. הַמִּתְפָּֽרְחִים 1 S 25:10 slaves who break away, each from (מִפְּנֵי) his master.

† I. פֶּ֫רֶץ n.m.:Jb 30:14 bursting forth, breach; abs. פ׳ Ju 21:15 +, פָָּרֶץ Gn 38:29 +; cstr. פֶּרֶץ 2 S 5:20 +; pl. פְּרָחִים Am 4:3 +, פְּרָחוֹם Ez 13:5, sf. פִּרְחֵיהֶץ Am 9:11 (פְּרָחֶיהָ We Now);—

1. bursting forth, out burst, of water 2 S 5:20 = 1 Ch 14:11; fr. womb Gn 38:29 (J).

2. breach in wall Am 4:3, 1 K 11:27, Ne 6:1, Ps 144:14, Jb 30:14; so (c. גָּדַר, i.e. repair) Am 9:11, Is 58:12; fig. of effect to avert calamity, עָלָה בַּפְּרָחוֹת Ez 13:5 (‖ גָּדַר), עָמַד בַּפֶּרֶץ 22:30 (‖ id.), cf. Ps 106:23, by instruction and (esp.) intercession.

3. broken wall, נֹפֵל פ׳ Is 30:13.

4. fig. of outburst of י׳'s wrath, acc. cogn. c. פָּרַץ 2 S 6:8 = 1 Ch 13:11, Jb 16:14 (פֶּרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי־פָָרֶץ); בְּ עָשָׂה פ׳ Ju 21:15.

† II. פֶרֲֶץ n.pr. 1. m. son of Judah and Tamar, φαρες;—פ׳ Gn 46:12 +, פָָּרֶץ 38:29 + 3 t.;—Gn 38:29, 46:12, 46:12, Nu 26:20, 26:21, Ru 4:12, 4:18, 4:18, 1 Ch 2:4, 2:5, 4:1, 9:4, 27:9, Ne 11:4, 11:6 2. loc. in a. עֻזָּה פ׳ near Jerus. 2 S 6:8 = 2 Ch 13:11. b. הַר פְּרָחִים Is 28:21, perh. = בַּעַל פ׳ q.v. p. 12:8.—Cf. רִמֹּן פָָּרֶץ. p.942.

† פַּרְחִי adj. gent. of II פֶּרֶץ 1, c. art. as. n. coll. Nu 26:20.

† פָּרִיץ n.m. violent one (robber, murderer);—שֹׁפֵח דָּם פ׳ Ez 18:10 אָרְחוֹת פ׳ Ps 17:4 pl. פָּרִיחִים Ez 7:22, מְעָרַת פָּרִחִים Je 7:11 cstr. בְּנֵי פָּרִיחֵי עֲמְְּ Dn 11:14; of wild beast, פְּרִיץ חַיוֹת Is 35:9.

II. פרץ (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. فَرَضَ notch, make mark by notching; فُرْضَةُ gap by which boats ascend, unload, or are stationed; فَارِضُ mouth of river or inlet).

830

† [מִפְרָץ] n.[m.] landing-place;—וְעַל מִפְרָחָיו יִשְׁכּוֹן Ju 5:17 (cf. GFM).

† [פָּרַק] vb. tear apart, away (NH remove (load, etc.), Pi.separate, take to pieces; Ar. فَرَقَ split, divide;; Targum פְּרַק esp. redeem, rescue; Syr. ܦܪܰܩ withdraw (intrans.), also remove, rescue; Eth. faraqa: set free);—Qal Pf. 2 ms וּפָרַקְדָמתּ֫ Gn 27:40; Impf. 3 ms sf. וַיִּפְרְקֵנזּ Ps 136:24; Pt. act. פֹּרֵק La 5:8, Ps 7:3 tear away yoke from pff (מֵעַל neck Gn 27:40 (J); snatck from (מִן) foes, = rescue (Aram.) La 5:8, Ps 136:24; so abs. Ps 7:3 (prefixing זֵין(וְ), Targum SyrVer Che Du We), > Hup Bae al. snatch away as prey. Pi. Impf. 3 ms יְפָרֵק Zc 11:16 he shall tear off their hoofs; Imv. mpl. פָּֽרְקוּ Ex 32:2 (E) tear off the golden ear-tings; Pt. מְפָרֵק 1 K 19:11 a great wind rending mts. (‖ מְשַׁבֵּר). Hithp. tear off (for, i.e. from, oneself Ges:§ 54 f); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְפָּֽרְקוּ Ex 32:3 (E), c. acc. אֶת־נִזְמֵי הַזָּהָב; Imv. mpl. הִתְפָּרָָקוּ v:24 (E; obj. om.); pass. be broken off, Pf. 3 pl. הִתְפָּֽרְקוּ Ez 19:12 (branches).

† פֶּ֫רֶק n.[m.] 1. parting of ways, Ob:14. 2. plunder (as snatched away), Na 3:1.

† [פָּרָק] n.[m.] fragment;—cstr. פְּרַק פִּגֻּלִים Is 65:4 Kt, but read מְרַק, v. מָרָק.

† [מַפְרֶ֫קֶת] n.f. neck (dividing head from body);—sf. וַתִּשָׁבֵר מַפְרַקְתּוֹ 1 S 4:18.

† [פָּרַר] vb. Hiph. break, frustrate (NH Pi. crumble; J Aram פְּרַר As. parâru, destroy; II. shatter; Liḥy. והפרו destroy, DHM:Epigr. Denkm., No. 21, 7);—Pf. 3 ms. הֵפֵר Is 33:8 +, הֵפַָר Gn 17:14, Nu 15:31; also metaplastic from הֵפִיר Ez 17:19, Ps 33:10 (Ges:§ 67 v); 2 ms. וְהֵפַרְדָמתּ֫ה 2 S 15:34, etc., Impf. 3 ms. יָפֵר Nu 30:13 +, וַיָּפֶר Ne 4:9, etc.; also 1 S. אָפִיר Ps 89:34 (Ges:i.c.); Imv. ms. הָפֵר 2 Ch 16:3, Ps 85:5, הָפֵרָה 1 K 15:19; Inf. abs. הָפֵחר Pr. 15:22 +; cstr. לְהָפֵחר 2 S 17:14 +, לְהָפֵחיר Zc 11:10, sf. לְהַפְרְכֶם Lv 26:15 (Ges:§ 67 dd); Pt. מֵפֵר Is 44:25, Jb 5:12; —

1. break, violate, esp. c. acc. בְּרִית: a. of י׳ Ju 2:1, Je 14:21, Lv 26:44, Zc 11:10. b. of men violating covenant with י׳ Je 11:10, 31:32, Dt 31:16, 31:20, Lv 26:15, Ez 44:7, Gn 17:14, Is 24:5 cf., Je 33:20. c. of men breaking compact, league (with men), Is 33:8, 1 K 15:19 = 2 Ch 16:3, Ez 17:15, 17:16, 17:18, 17:19. d. of destroying the אַחֲוָה between Judah and Israel Zc 11:14. e. of breaking י׳'s מִחְוָה Nu 15:31, Ezr 9:14, תּוֹרָה Ps 119:126.

2. frustrate, make ineffectual:: a. counsel (עֵחָה) 2 S 15:34, 17:14, Ezr 4:5; י׳ subj. Ne 4:9, Ps 33:10; of man frustrating י׳'s counsel Is 14:27, so, c. acc. מִשְׁפָּט Jb 40:8; c.acc. מַחֲשָׁבוֹת in gen., of men Pr 15:22, י׳ subj. Jb 15:12 so, c. acc. זֹתוֹת Is 44:25. b. make vow (נֶדֶר) ineffectual, annul it not foundNe 30:9, not found30:14 (opp. חֵקִים), v:not found13, also (Impf. + Inf. abs.) v:not found13. not found16. c. of annulling (godly) fear Jb 15:4 כַּסְדִּי לזֹ אָפִיר מֵעִמּוֹ, Ps 89:34 rd. prob. אָסִיר Ol Che Bae al.; ‖ הָפֵר כַּעַסְ 85:4 (rd. הָסֵר LXX Bi Che). d. וֵתָפֵר הָאֲבֵיּוֹנָה Ec 12:5 is dub.: De Wild al. fails (to excite [? וְתֻפַר Hoph. is made ineffectual]); Ewbursts (Siegf וְתֻפַר); but caper-berry not dehiscent (Post:Flora of Syr. 106 ff.); M'Lean-Dyer:Ency. Bid. 696.): Post:Letter, July 28, 1901 breaks up (by shrivelling), fig. of failing sexual power; Aq from פרה bear fruit (cf. GFM:JBL x (1891), 60); Perles:Anal. 30 וְתִפְרַת. Hoph. Impf. 1. be frustratred, 3 fs. וְתֻפָָחר Is 8:10 (of עֵחָה). 2. be broken, of covenant, 3 fs. תֻּפַר Je 33:21; וִתֻּפַר Zc 11:11; so Is 28:18 (read וְתֻפַר for וְכֻפַּר, v. כ׳). Pilp. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְפַרְפְּרֵנִי Jb 16:12 he hath shattered me.

† II. [פָּרַר] vb. split divide (so Ps 74:13 seems to require [but √ פור SS is possible], cf. Ar. فَرْفَرَ split, tear, rend; perh. = I.; > Buhl:Lex. shake, quike, citing Ar. فَرْفَرَ shake Aram. אִתְפַּרְפַּר, ܦܰܪܦܰܪ, cf. NH פִּרְפֵּר);—Qal Inf. abs. + Hithpō‘. Pf. 3 fs. פּוֹר הִתְפּוֹרְרָה אֶרֶץ Is 24:19 split or cracked through is the earth (Che:Heb. Hpt. פרוק התפרקה). P ō‘êl Pf. 2 ms. פּוֹרַרְתָּ Ps 74:13 thou [י׳] didst divide the sea.

III. פרר (√ of foll.; cf. NH פַּר פָּרָה = BH; Ar. فُرَارُ young of ewe, cow, or goat; Syr. ܦܰܪܬܳܐ ewe (cf. No:ZMG xl (1886), 734), and so As. parru, acc. to Jen and Zim:ZA iii. 202).

פַּר:132 n.m.:Gn 32:16 young bull, steer;—abs. פ׳ Nu 7:15 +, פָָּר Ps 50:9, alw. הַפָּר 1 S 1:25 +; cstr. חַטָאת(הַ)פַּר Ex. 29:36 +; pl. פָּרִים Gn 32:16 +; sf. פָּרֶיהָ Je 50:27; —steer [v. esp. בַּר בֶּן־בָּקָר Lv. 4:3 + 6 t.; ־ב׳אֶחָד ב׳ פ׳ Ex 29:1 + 12 t. Nu 7, cf. 8:8; אֶחָד ־ב׳ב׳ פ׳ Nu 15:24 + 3 t., cf. Ez 43:23, 45:18, 46:6; pl. פָּרִים בְּנֵי־ב׳ Nu 28:11 + 4 t.; v. בֵּן בָּפָר]:

1. as gift Gn 32:16 (E); fig. of fierce enemies Ps 22:13.

2. elsewh. as sacrifical victims: a. in peace-offering Ex 24:5 (E; Covenant Code), 1 S 1:24 (rd. פַּר for פָּרִים LXX SyrVer Th We Dr al.), v:25 Nu 7:88 (P), 2 Ch 30:24, 30:24 b. burnt-offering Ju 6:25, 6:25 (on text cf. GFM), v:26, 28, 1 K 18:23, 18:23, 18:23, 18:25, 18:26, 18:33; Ez 43:23 + 5 t. Ez, Nu 7:15, 7:21 + 46 t. Nu (P), 1 Ch 15:26, 29:21, Ezr 8:35, Jb 42:8, Ps 50:9, 51:21; Lv 23:18 (gloss, Dr-wh). c. sin-offering Ez 43:19 + 5 t. Ez, Ex 29:1, 29:3, 29:10, 29:10, 29:11, 29:12, 29:14, 29:36 cf. 2 Ch 13:9, 29:21, Lv 4:3, 4:4, 4:4, 4:4 + 25 t. Lv (P), Nu 8:8; —both b. and c. Nu 8:12 d. more gen. Is 1:11, Ps 69:32. e. fig פָּרִים שְׂפָתֵינוּ Ho 14:3 we will pay (as with) bullocks, our lips, but read פֵּרִי LXX We Now, cf. Che. f. of princes and warriors slain by י׳, under fig. of sacrifice Is 34:7, Je 50:27, Ez 39:18.

831

I. פָּרָה:26 n.f. heifer, cow;—abs. פ׳ Is 11:7 +; sf. פָּרָתוֹ Jb 21:10; pl. פָּרוֹת Gn 32:16 +, פָּרֹת 41:26; cstr. פָּרוֹת Am 4:1; —as gift Gn 32:16; in Pharaoh's dream 41:2, 14:3, 14:3 + 8 t. 41; drawing cart 1 S 6:7, 6:12, 6:14 + עָלוֹת פ׳ v7.10 cows giving suck,,milch cows; פ׳ calving Jb 21:10, grazing Is 11:7; אֲדֻמָּה פ׳ red heifer Nu 19:2 cf. v:5, v:6, v:9, v:10; sim. of stubbornness Ho 4:16; פָּרוֹת הַבָּשָׁן Am 4:1, fig. of luxurious woman.

† II. פָּרָה n.pr.loc. in Benj., הַפּ׳ Jos 18:23, φαρα, A φρα.

† פָּרַשׂ vb. spread out, spread (NH id.; Ar. فَرَشَ Targum פְּרַס (rare), Syr. ܦܪܰܣ; cf. As. parasËu, fly (der. Spec.; prop. spread [wings]); v. also Nö:ZA i. 417);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ La 1:10 +; 2 ms. וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֫ Jb 11:13, Ru 3:9, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְרשֹׁ Dt 32:11 +; 3 fs. וִתִּפְרשֹׁ 2 S 17:19, etc.; Pt. act. פּוֹרֵשׂ Pr 29:5 etc.; pass. פָּרֻשׂ Jo 2:2; fs. פְּרוּשָׂךְ Ho 5:1 pl. פְּרֻשׂוֹת 1 K 8:54; —

1. spread out a garment (שִׂמְלָה) Ju 8:25, + לִפְנֵי pers. Dt. 22:17; —wings 32:11, 1 K 6:27 (rd. כַּנְפֵיהֶם LXX Sta Kmp Kit Benz), + עַל Je 49:22 (fig), + אֶל 48:40, 1 K 8:7 = 2 Ch 5:3 (עַל), + ל Jb 39:26, לְמַעְלָה Ex 25:20, 37:9; wings om. 1 Ch 28:18 and perhaps 2 Ch 3:13 (del. כַּנְפֵי Be); of י׳, עָלָיו אוֹרוֹ פ׳ Jb 36:30; spread out writing, לִפְנֵי Pers. 2 K 19:14 = Is 37:14, Ez 2:10; sail Is 33:23; fishingnet, מִכְמֶרֶת Is 19:8 (עַל loc.); net (רֶשֶׁת) as snare, fig. Ho 5:1 (עַל loc.), Ps 140:6, לְרַגְלַי La 1:13, c. עַל pers. Ho 7:12 (of י׳, Ez 12:13 = 17:20, 19:8, 32:3, עַל־עְֲָמָיו Pr 29:5; כַּפַּיִם פ׳ in prayer, + אַל Ex 9:29, 9:33 (J), 1 K 8:38 = 2 Ch 6:29, Ezr 9:5, Jb 11:13, +, ל Ps 44:21, +, הַשָּׁמַיִם 1 K 8:22 = 2 Ch 6:13 (הַשָּׁמָָיְמָה), 1 K 8:54, no complem. 2 Ch 6:12; of almsgiving, כַּפָּהּ פָּֽרְשָׂה לֶעָנִי Pr 31:20; יַד פ׳, c. עַל rei, La 1:10 of enemy's greed (si vera l., v. Bu); spread out = display וּכְסִיל יִפְרשֹׁ אִוֶּלֶת Pr 13:16.

2. spread covering over 2 S 17:19 (מָסָח + עַל־פְּנֵי rei), הַמַּכְבֵּר over (עַל) face of another 2 K 8:15, כָּנָף skirt, עַל pers. Ru 3:9, Ez 16:8 (fig. of י׳); בֶּגֶּד c. עַל rei Nu 4:7, 4:8, 4:11, 4:13 c. מִלְמָָעְלָה v6; כְּסוּי c, rei v:14; אֶת־הָאֹהֶל, c. עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן Ex 40:19; שַׁחַר פָּרֻשׂ עַל־הֶהָרִים Jo 2:2; of י׳ עָנָן פ׳ לְמָסָח Ps 105:39.—Mi 3:3, La 4:4 v. פָּרַס. Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. יִכָרָשׂוּ Ez 17:21 they shall be scattered לְכָל־רוּחִ; 34:12 read prob. Pt. חאֹן נִפְרָשׂוֹת for שׁוֹת-, Hä Krae; on emend. of context v. esp. Toy Krae). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וּפֵרַשׂ Is 25:11 etc. Impf. 3 ms יְפָרֵשׂ v:11, 3 fs. תְּפָרֵשׂ Je 4:31; Inf. cstr פָּרֵשׂ Ps 68:15, sf. פָּרִשְׂכֶם Is 1:15; —1. spread out: a. c. acc. כַּפַיִם in prayer Is 1:15, Je 4:31 so c. יָדַיִם Ps 143:6 (אֶל־י׳), and of י׳ entreating people Is 65:2 (אֶל); חִיוֹן בְּיָדֶיהָ פ׳ La 1:17. b. spread out hands as in swimming Is 25:11, and (יָדַיִם om.) v:11. 2. = scatter, (?) subj. י׳, c. acc. pers. Zc 2:10 (LXX We Now קִבַּחְתִּי מִ֖, yet v. GASm); Ps 68:15, in doubtful connexion.

† [מִפְרָשׂ] n.[m.] spreading out, things spread;—sf. מִפְרָשֵׂךְ Ez 27:7 thy spread (canvas, as sail, cf. vb. Is 33:23); pl. cstr. מִפְרְשֵׂי עָב Jb 36:29, so perhaps 37:16 ( for מִפְלְשֵׂי).

† פַּרְשֵׂז (Baer, שֵׁז- van d. H. Gi), Inf. abs. Piï‘lēl (Ges:§ 56) from פָּרַשׂ (si vera l.) עָלָיו עֲנָנוֹ פ׳ Jb 26:9 a spreading his cloud upon it (but Bu Du al. read פֹּרֵשׂ, פָּרַשׂ, or פָרשֹׁ).

† I. [פָּרַשׁ] vb. make distinct, declare (NH seperate oneself, Pi. separate, explain, so Aram. פְּרַשׁ esp. Pa.; Syr. ܦܪܰܫ separate, distinguish, explain, cf. Mand., Nö:M 221);—Qal Inf. cstr. לִפְרשׁ לָהֶם עַל־פִּי י׳ Lv 24:12 (P) to declare distinctly to them. Niph. Pt. נִפְרָשׁוֹת Ez 34:12 read prob. שׂוֹת-, v. פרשׂ. Pu. Pf. 3 ms. פֹּרַשׁ Nu 15:34 (P) what should be done to him had not been distinctly declared; Pt. מְפֹרָשׁ Ne 8:8 made distinct (cf. B Aram Ezr 4:18), v. Be-Ry Kö:Einl. 99, > interpreted, Ke al., Berliner:T. Onk ii.74.

† [פָּרָשָׁה] n.f. exact statement;—cstr. פָּרָשַׁת הַכֶּסֶף Est 4:7, גְּדֻלַּת מָרְדֳּכַי פ׳ 10:2.

† II. [פָּרַשׁ] vb. Hiph. pierce, sting (?) (cf. As. paruššu staff (which pierces); Aram. פרשׁא, ܦܬܳܫܳ (in Lexx) ox-goad);—Impf. 3 ms. יַפְרִשׁ Pr 23:32 (כְּחִפְעֹנִי, ‖ כְּנָחָשׁ יִשָָׁח), of wine.

III. פרשׁ (√ of foll.; cf. Aram. פְּרַת Pa. (rare) cause to break or התרטֹ תסרבֻ (a serpent its brood), פַּרְתָּא dung; Syr. ܦܪܰܬ Pa. rip open, ܦܶܪܬܳܐ = 1. פֶּרֶשׁ; Ar. فَرَشَ IV. rip open stomach, and scatter contents (cf. VII), فَرْشُ = I. פֶּרֶשׁ).

† פֶּ֫רֶשׁ n.[m.] faecal matter found in intestines of victim;—פ׳ abs. Mal 2:3; cstr. v:3; sf. פִּרְשׁוֹ Ex 29:14, Lv 4:11, 8:17; פִּרְשָׁה Nu 19:5; פִּרְשָׁם Lv 16:27 (all P).

† II. פֶּ֫רֶשׁ n.pr.m. Manassite 1 Ch 7:16, A LXXL Φαρες.

IV. פרשׁ (√ of foll; mng. dub.; against Lag:BN 50 (horse, one that breaks the ground, Ar. فَرَسَ) v. Frä:94, cf. also Nö:ZMG xi (1886), 737).

832

† II. [פָּרָשׁ] n.[m.] horse, steed (less common synon. of סוּס ( > explained away by Schwally:ZAW viii (1888). 191); Ar. فَرَسُ horse, mare (oft.), so Eth.faras:: cf. Sab. פרם horse, Mordtm:Him. Inschr. 70);—Pl. פָּרָשִׁים (erron. for פְּרָשִׁיס Kö:ii. 1, 89) Ez 27:14 +, sf. פָּרָשָׁיו Is 28:28, 1 S 8:11; —steeds Ez 27:14 ( + סוּסִים, פְּרָדִים), from Togarmah; sim. of swiftness Jo 2:4 (‖ סוּסִים); prob. also Is 28:28, Je 46:4 (‖ סוּסִים, cf. Gf Gie), and perhaps וְשָׂם לוֹ בְּמֶרְכַבְחוֹ וּבָעָרָשָׁיו וְרָחוּ ווו׳ 1 S 8:11 (kg. subj.).

† II. פָּרָשׁ n.m.:Na 3:3 horseman (i.e. *parrâš, cf. Ges:§ 84 b.b; Ar. فَارِسُ; Eth. faras:: Aram. פָּרָשׁ ܦܪܳܫܳܐ);—abs. ~p Na 3:3, Je 4:29, also פָּרַשׁ Ez 26:10 (as if cstr. Kö:Synt. § 337 s); Pl. פָּרָשָׁים Gn 50:9 +; sf. פָּרָשָׁיו Ex 14:9 +;—horseman, usu. pl., esp. + רֶכֶב charioty: Egyptain Gn 50:9 (J), Jos 24:6 (E), Ex 14:9, 14:17, 14:18, 14:23, 14:26, 14:28 (all P), 15:19 (song), Is 31:1, 2 K 18:34 = Is 36:9, 2 Ch 12:3 cf. 16:8; Philistine 1 S 13:5, 2 S 1:6 (del. בַּעֲלֵי Targum We Dr Bu HPS); Aramaean 2 S 10:18 (but read prob. אִישׁ, cf. ְ 1 Ch 19:18, We Dr al.), and (+ אִישׁ רַגְלִי) 2 S 8:4 = 1 Ch 18:4, cf. 1 Ch 19:6; also עַל־סוּס וּפָרָשִׁים 1 K 20:20 (si vera l.) Isr., of Adonijah 1 K 1:5 (+ רֶכֶב חֲמִשִּׁים אִישׁ רָחִים; Solomon + רֶכֶב 9:19, 9:22, 10:26 = 2 Ch 8:6, 8:9, 1:14, 1:14, Prob also 1 K 5:6 ( + סוּסִים לְמֶרְכָּבוֹ) = 2 Ch 9:25 (+ סוּסִים וּמֶרְכָּכוֹת); Jehoahaz 2 K 13:7 (+ רַגְלִי); + רֶכֶב, fig. of Elijah 2 K 2:12, of Elisha 13:14; + סוּסִים Ho 1:7; Assyrian Is 22:6, 22:7 (+ רֶכֶב), cf. Na 3:3, רִכְבֵי סוּסִים פ׳ Ez 23:6, 23:12 Babylonian Hb 1:8, 1:8, Je 4:29 (+ רֹמֵה קֶשֶׁת), Ez 26:7 (+ סוּס), רֶכֶב), v:10 (+ גַּלְגַּל וָרֶכֶב), Scythian (Gog) 38:4 (+ סוּסִים); Persian Is 21:7, 21:9 (חֶמֶד פ׳), Ne 2:9, Ezr 8:22; of kings of north Dn 11:40 (+ רֶכֶב).

† פַּרְשֶׁ֫גֶן n.m. copy (loan-word from Perssian through Aram., v. B Aram.);—cstr. הַנִּשְׁתְּוָן פ׳ Ezr 7:11, cf. פַּתְשֶׁגֶן.

† פַּרְשְׁדָֹנָה n.[m.] only וַיֵּחֵא הַפּ׳ Ju 3:22, read perh. פֶּרֶשׁ foeces (Vulgate Targum Nö:Untersuch. 180 Bu GFM).

פַרְשֵׁז v. פַּרְשֵׂז sub פרשׂ. p. 832

† פַּרְשַׁנֵדָּתָא n.pr.m. a son of Haman Est 9:7, Φαρσαν και Νερσανεσταν etc.

† פְּרָת n.pr.m. flum. Eupharates, Ευφρατης (As. Purattu Dl:Pa.169 ff., Whence O Pers, Ufrâtu, Spieg:APK 211);—the greatest river of W. Asia; פ׳ Gn 2:14. נְהַר פ׳ 15:18; (both secondary phrases in J), נְהַר פ׳ also 2 S 83 (Qr, v. נָהָר), Je 46:2, 46:6, 46:10, Dt 1:7, 11:24; Jos 1:4 (D), 2 K 23:29, 24:7, 1 Ch 5:9, 18:3; נהר om. Je 13:4, 13:5, 13:6, 13:7 (where Ew Hi Marti, after Schick:ZPV iii. ll, think of some other פְּרָת, but Gf Gie and most defend Euphrates) 51:63, 2 Ch 35:20 (cf. Gn 2:14 supr.); name not certainly attested before D Je; on earlier הַנָּהָר for this river v. נ׳.

פֹּרָת Gn 42:22 v.[פָּרָה]. p. 826

† פַּרְתְּמִים n.m.pl. nobles (loan-word from O Pers. fratama, first, Spieg:APK 232, cf. Skr. prathama; Lag:Arm. Stud. § 2289);—הַפּ׳ Est 1:3, 6:9, Dn 1:3.

פָּשָׂה:21 vb. spread, intrans (NH פָּסָה id.; Ar. فَشَا (فشو) be divulged, spread, be extensive);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Lv 13:5 +, 3 fs. פָֽשְׂתָה v:8, פָּשָָׂתָה v:23; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְשֶׂה v:35, 3 fs. תּפְשֶׂה v:7 +; inf. abs. פָּשׂה v:7 +;—only Lv 13, 14, of leprosy and like eruptions: c. בָּעוֹר, בַּבֶּגֶּד, etc., Lv 13:5 + 7 t. 13, 14:39, 14:44, 14:48 + בָּעוֹר (תִּפ׳)פָּשׂה יִפְשֶׂה 13:7, 13:22, 13:27, 13:35; abs. v:23, v:32, v:55.

† [פָּשַׂע] vb. step, march (NH פָּסַע Aram. פְּסַע, ܦܣܰܥ);—Qal Impf. 1 s. אֶפְשֳׂעָה (Ges:§ 10 h) Is 27:4, c. ב against..

† פֶּ֫שַׂע n.[m.] step; בֵּינִי תּבֵין הַמָָּוֶת כְּפ׳ 1 S 20:3).

† מִפְשָׂעָה n.f. stepping-region of body, hip or buttock; עַד־הַמּ׳ 1 Ch 19:4 (= שְׁתוֹתיהֶם ‖ 2 S 10:4).

† [פָּשַׂק ] vb. part, open wide (NH פָּסַק, Aram. פְּסַק, ܦܣܰܩ, all cut, sever, cleave);—Qal Pt. שֲֵֹׁק שְׂפָתָיו Pr 13:3 i.e. one talkative. Pi. Impf. 2 fs. וַתְּפַשְּׂקִי אֶת־רַגְלַיִח Ez 16:23 (c. ל pers.; sensu obsc.).

† פַּשׁ n.[m.] Jb 35:15 si vera 1. from √ פשׁשׁ (cf. Ar. فَسِيسُ weak in mind or body, فَسْفَاسُ very stupid);—i.e. folly; but read פֶּשַׁל (LXX Theod SyrVer Di Bae:Kau Du).

[פָּשַׁח] vb. Pi. tear in pieces (NH פָּשַׁח; Aram. פְּשַׁח 1 S 15:33 (Agag), ܦܫܰܚ, ܦܰܫܰܚ);—Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְפַשְּׁחֵנַי La 3:11 (of lion, in fig.).

† פַּשְׁחוּר n.pr.m. Πασχωρ, Φα(δα)σσουρ etc.:

1. Je 20:1, 20:2, 20:3, 20:3, 20:6.

2. 21:1, 38:1 b, Ne 11:12, cf. 1 Ch 9:12.

3. Ne 10:4.

4. father of one Gedaliah Je 38:1a.

5. head of post-exil. family Ezr 2:38 = Ne 7:14, Ezr 10:22. Cf. Mey:Entstehung 169 f.

† פָּשַׁט vb. strip off, make a dash, raid (cf. As. pašâṭu, expunge, obliterate; NH פָּשַׁט Aram. פְּשַׁט, ܦܫܰܛ, are stretch out, extend, make plain, so Ar. ܒܰܣܰܛܰ);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Ho 7:1 +, 2 ms. וּפָשַׁטְדָמתּ֫ Ju 9:33, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִפְשַׁט 1 S 19:24; 3 mpl. יִפְשָֹׁטוּ Ez 26:1, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּשֹׁ֫טָה Is 32:11; Pt. pl. פּשְׁטִים Ne 4:17; —

1. strip off, put off, one's garment (acc.) 1 S 19:24, Ez 26:16, Lv 6:4 (opp. לָבַשׁ), 16:23 (id.; both P), Ne 4:17, Ct 5:3; acc. om. Is 32:11; of locusts Na 3:16 stripping off (sheaths of wings, cf. Da Dr Am. 85).

2. put off (one's shelter), i.e. make a dash (from a sheltered place), c. אֶל Ju 20:37, abs. 9:44; esp. of marauding foray Ho 7:1, c עַל against Ju 9:33, 9:44, 1 S 23:27, 30:14 (ins. עַל cf. Lxx We Dr al), Jb 1:17 c אֶל 1 S 27:8, 30:1, c. בְּ 1 Ch 14:9, 14:13, 2 Ch 25:13, 28:18; in 1 S 27:10 rd. אָן (for אַל־) We Dr al. Pi. inf. cstr.לְפַשֵּׁט, c. acc. pers. 1 S 31:8 to strip the slain = 1 Ch 10:8; abs. only to strip (sc. the slain) 2 S 23:10 (ins. also ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 Dr). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms הִפְשִׁיט Jb 19:9; 3 mpl. sf. וְהִפְשִׁיטוח Ez 23:26 etc.; Impf. 3 ms וַיַּפְשֵׁט Nu 20:28; 1 s. sf. אַפְשִׁיטֶנָּה Ho 2:5; 2 mpl. תַּפְשִׁטָוּן Mi 2:8, etc.; Imv. הַפְשֵׁט Nu 20:26; Inf. cstr. הַפְשִׁיט 2 Ch 29:34; Pt. pl. מַפְשִׁיטִים 35:11; —1. strip one of garment (2 acc.) Gn 37:23 (E), Nu 20:26, 20:28 (opp. הִלְבִּישׁ), Ez 16:39, 23:26; a. acc. pers. alone 1 Ch 10:9; Ho 2:5 strip her (sf.) naked (עֲרֻמָּה). 2. strip off, acc. כֵּלָיו1 S 31:9, clothing Jb 22:6; c. acc. אֶדֶר + מִטּוּלMi 2:8; c. acc. עוֹר + מֵעַל 3:3, cf. (acc. כְּבוֹדִי) Jb 19:9.

3. flay, c. acc. הָעֹלָה Lv 1:6, 2 Ch 29:4; acc. om. 35:11. Hithp. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁט 1 S 18:4 he stripped himself of his garment (acc.).

833

† פָּשַׁע vb. rebel, transgress (NH id.; Syr.ܦܫܰܥ is be terrified, ܦܫܺܝܥܳܐ tepid,inspid);-Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 K 3:7 +, 2 fs. פָּשַׁ֫עַתְּ Zp 3:11; פָּשָָׁעתְּ Je 3:13, etc.; Impf. יִפְשַׁע Pr 28:21+ 8 t. Impf.Imv.; mpl. פִּשְׁעוּ Am 4:4; Inf. abs. ? פָּשֹׁעַ Is 59:13; cstr. פְּשֹׁעַ Am 4:4, Ez 10:13; Pt. פּשֵׁעַ Is 48:8; פּשְׁעִים Is 1:28 +, etc.;-

1. rebel, revolt, of nations, c. בְּ against, 1 K 12:19, 2 K 1:1, 3:5, 3:7, 2 Ch 10:19; abs. 2 K 8:22, יַד v:20; v:22, 2 Ch 21:8, 21:10, 21:10; פָּֽשְׁעוּ בִי Is 1:2 (Isr. under fig. of י׳'s sons).

2. transgress against God, abs. Is 1:28, 46:8, 48:8, 53:12, 53:12, Ho 14:10, Am 4:4, 4:4, La 3:42, Dn 8:23, Ps 37:38, 51:15, for (עַל) a bit of bread Pr 28:21; בַּרָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezr 10:13 in this thing; תּוֹרָתִי על Ho 8:1; elsewhere c. בְּ against God: ב׳ פ׳ Is 43:27, 59:13, 66:24, Je 2:8, 2:29, 3:13, 33:8, Ez 2:3, 20:38, Ho 7:13; ב פְּשִׁעִים אשׁר פ׳ 1 K 8:50, Ez 18:31; ב עלילות אשׁר פ׳ Zp 3:11. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. אָח נִפְשַׁע (van d. H. Pt. נִפְשָׁע) a brother (who has been) offended Pr 18:19, but very dubious, cf. Toy.

† פֶּ֫שַׁע n.m. Ps 19:14 transgression ;- abs. פ׳ Ex 22:8 +, פָָּשַׁע Pr 10:9 +; cstr. פֶּשַׁע Gn 50:17 +; sf. פִּשְׁעִי Gn 31:16 + 14 t. sfs.; pl. פְּשָׁעִים Pr 10:12; cstr. פִּשְׁעֵי Am 1:3 +, etc.;—

1. transgression against individuals Gn 31:36, 50:17, 50:17, Ex 22:8(E), 1 S 24:12, 25:28, Pr 10:19, 17:19, 29:6, 29:16, 29:22. שְׂפָתַיִם פ׳ 12:13; על כל־פשׁעים תְּכַסֶה אַהֲבָה 10:12, cf. 17:9, 19:11, 28:13.

2. of nation, against nation: Am 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, 1:11, 1:13, 2:1; of land Pr 28:2. Elsewh.

3. against God: a. in gen., ‖ חטאת Is 58:1, 59:12, Mi 1:5, 1:5, 1:13, 3:8, Am 5:12; ‖עון Ez 21:29, Ps 107:17; עשׂה פ׳ Ez 18:22, 18:28; ביום פ׳ 33:12; רַבּוּ פ׳ Is 59:12, Jb 35:6, Je 5:6(?); יֹסִיף על חטאתו פ׳ Jb 34:37 he addeth transgression unto his sin; יִלְדֵי פ׳ Is 57:4; personified as evil spirit, נאם פשׁע Ps 36:2. b. as recognized by sinner; he knows it Ps 51:5, makes known concerning it to י׳ 32:5, does not cover it (כסה) Jb 31:33; turns from it Is 59:20, Ez 18:30; casts it away from him Ez 18:31. c. God deals with it: by visiting it (פקד) Am 3:14, Ps 89:33, dealing with one according to it, עשׂה כ Ez 39:24, making it known to sinner Jb 13:23, 36:9; punishing in various ways: מִפּ׳ because of it Is 53:5, 53:8; c. על, acc. to it Am 2:4, 2:6, La 1:5, 1:22; for it, c. ב Is 50:l; עֹל פ׳ La 1:14 yoke of transgression; personified, וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ ם בְּיַד פ׳ Jb 8:4; be does not grant forgiveness to it, לאֹ נאשׂ ל׳ Ex 23:21, Jos 24:19(E). d. God forgives (נשׂא) it Ex 34:7, Nu 14:18 (J), Jb 7:21, cf. Ps 32:1; pardons (סלח) 1 K 8:50; passes over (עבר על, cf. Pr 19:11) Mi 7:18; removes (הרחיק) Ps 103:12; covers over (כפר) 65:4 ;-cf. (of priest) וְכִפֶּר עַל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִפ׳ Lv 16:16, and confession of פ׳ over (על) goat v:21; —God blots out (מחה) Is 43:25, 44:22, Ps 51:3; וּפ׳ אַל־תִּזְכֹּר 25:7; delivers from, החיל מן 39:9.—Jb 35:15 read פֶּשַׁע for פַשׁ q. v.

4. guilt of transgression (cf. עון 2), פ׳ without (guilt of) transgression Jb 33:9, 34:6; לא פ׳ Ps 59:4; עלינו פ׳ Ez 33:10; כבד עליה פ׳ Is 24:20; בְּרֹב פ׳ Ps 5:11; נקיתי מפ׳ 19:14; יִפַּמְּאוּ: defile themselves with all (the guilt of) transgressions Ez 14:11, 37:23; בּחְרוֹר פ׳:חָתֻם Jb 14:17.

5. punishment for transgression, Dn 8:12, 8:13, 9:24, cf. try עון 3.

6. offering for transgression, האתן בכורי פשׁעי Mi 6:7 shall I give my first-born as an offering for my transgression (cf. חטאת 4).

† פֵּ֫שֶׁר n. [מ:] solution, interpretation (loan-word from Aram. פִּשְׁרָא);-cstr. פ׳ Ec 8:1.

† [פֵּ֫שֶׁת] n. [מ:] flax, linen (√ dub.; NH פִּשְׁתָּן, Pun. φοιστ; Löw:p. 233);—sf. פִּשְׁתִּי Ho 2:7, 2:11; elsewhere pl. פִּעשׁתִּים Ju 15:14 +, cstr. פִּשְׁתֵּי Jos 2:6; —

1. flax, after gathering, פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ Jos 2:6 (JE, v. עֵץ 2 f); inflammable Ju 15:14 (sim.); as natural product (+ עֶמֶר) Ho 2:7, 2:11; as material, פְּתִיל פ׳ Ez 40:3; of various garments Je 13:1, Ez 44:17, 44:18, 44:18, + חֶמֶר Dt 22:11, Lv 13:47, 13:48, 13:52, 13:59 (P), cf. Pr 31:13; שְׂרִיקוֹת עֹבְדֵי פ׳ Is 19:9 (v.[שָׂרִיק]).

834

† פִּשְׁתָּה n.f. flax;—פ׳:

1. growing Ex 9:31, 9:31(J).

2. = wick Is 42:3, 43:17 (in sim.).

פַּת v. פתת. p.837

† [פֹּת] n. [ט:] pl. הַפֹּתוֹת לְדַלְתוֹת הַבַּיִת 1 K 7:50 i.e. prob. the sockets above and below, in which the door-pivots turned (performing office of mod. hinges); sg. sf. פֳּתְהֵן Is 3:17 (Ges:§ 91f), prob., si vera l., their secret parts, cardo femina (so Thes and most); but read perh. חֶרְפַּתְהֵן Bachm:SK. 1894, 650 Kit (in Di) Marti; > פִּאַתְהֵן Sta ZAW vi (1886), 336, cf. Vulgate Di.

פְּתָאיִם v. I. פּ֫תִי sub I. פתה. below

פִּתְאֹס v. פֶּתַע. p. 837

† [פַּת־בָּג] (read always [פַּתְבָּג]) n. [מ:] portion (of food) for king, delicacies (Pers. loanword, cf. Skr. prati-bhâga, Zend [pati-baga; whence] Gk. translit. ποτί-βαζις, Syr.ܦܰܛܒܳܓܶܐ; Gilden ZKM iv. 213 f. Lag Ges. Abh.73 Bev:Dn Dr:Dn);—cstr. פַּת־בַּג הַמֶּלֶח Dn 1:5, 1:8, 1:13, 1:15, sf. פַּת־בָּגָם v:16, אֹכְלֵי פַת־בָּגוֹ 11:26.

† פִּתְגָּם n.m. edict, decree (Pers. loan-wd., OPers. patigâma (patigam, come to, arrive), NPers. paigaâm, message; v. Gildem ZKM iv. 214 Mey Entstehung 23; Aram. פִּתְגָּמָא, ܦܶܬܓܳܡܳܐ word, command, B Aram. = BH) ;—cstr. הַטֶּלֶךְ פ׳ Est 1:20; c. genit. obj. מַעֲשֵׂה הָרָעָה Ec 8:11 (appar. f., cf. De; but Hi Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 115 read נַעֲשֶׂה for נַעֲשָׂה).

[פָּתָה] vb. be spacious, wide, open (Aram. פְּתָא be spacious, ܦܬܳܐ be spacious, abundant; cf. Ar.فَتُوَ, فَتِيَ be youthful, in prime of life, فَتَّي young man, one in prime of life (development of various meanings from √ not wholly clear, cf. Nö:ZMG xi (1886), 735)) ;—Qal Pt. פֹּתֶה Pr 20:19 poss. one open as to lips, but v. פָּתָה denom. infr. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. juss. יַפְתְּ א׳ לְיֶפֶת Gn 9:27 may God make wide for Japhet (give him an extensive inheritance).—Pf. poss. Pr 24:28 (reading וְהִפְתִּיתָ בִּשְׂפָתֶָיְ, make wide with (open wide) thy lips, for MT יַהֲפִתִּיתָ בִּשׂ׳, so SS ; but cf. פָּתָה denom. Pi.).

†פֶּ֫תִי [for פָּתַי Lag BN 52 Ba:ZMG xlii (1888), 353; NB 320] adj. simple, poss. as open-minded;—פֶּ֫תִי Pr 9:4 +, פֶָּתִי Ps 19:8 +; pl. פְּתָאיִם (Ges:§ 93 x) 116:6 + 6 t. Pr; פְּתָיִים 119:130, Pr 22:3; פְּתָיִם 1:22, 1:32; —simple, as subst. concr.: open to the instruction of wisdom or folly, Pr 9:4, 9:16; believing every word 14:15; lacking עָרְטָה 1:14, 8:5, 19:25; needing בין Ps 119:130, חכטה 19:8, Pr 21:11; in good sense, שׁמר פתאים י׳ Ps 116:8 י׳ preserveth ths simple-minded; but usu. tendency to bad sense ; פתאים love פתי Pr 1:22; inherit אִוֶּלֶת 14:18, are easily enticed, misled and go back 1:32, 7:7, 9:6, 22:3 = 27:12; they need atonement Ez 45:20 (‖שׁגה ).

† [פְּתִי] נ:ט: simplicity (i.e.lack of wisdom), דְַ־מָתַי פְּתָיִם תְּאֵהֲבו־פֶָּתִי Pr 1:22.

† פְּתַיּוּת id. Pr 9:13 (Toy conj. מְפַתָּה).

† [פָּתָה] vb. denom. be simple (NH Pi. entice);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִפְתֶּה Dt 11:16; וַיִּפְתְּ Jb 31:27; Pt. פֹּתֶה Jb 5:2, Pr 20:19; f. פּוֹתָה Ho 7:11; —

1. be open-minded (?),simple Jb 5:2; ה פוֹתָה Ho 7:11 silly dove; פֹּתֶה שְׂפָתָיו Pr 20:19 one foolish as to his lips (most, openeth wide his lips).

2. be enticed, deceived Dt 11:16, Jb 31:27. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נַפְתָּה Jb 31:9; Impf. 1 s. וָאֶפָּת Je 20:7; —be deceived Je 20:7; c. עַל enticed unto Jb 31:9. Pie1 Pf. 2 ms. פִּתִּיתָ Pr 24:28; sf. פִּתִּיתַנִי Je 20:7; 1 s. פִּתֵּיתִי Ez 14:9; Impf. 3 ms. יְפַתֶּה Ex 22:15 +, etc.; Imv. פַּתִּי Ju 14:15, 16:5; Inf.cstr,.sf. פַּתֹתְְ 2 S 3:25; Pt. sf. מְפַתֶּיהָ (Ges:§ 93 88) Ho 2:15; —1. persuade, woman Ho 2:16 (fig., י׳ subj.), seduce, virgin Ex 22:16; entice, husband Ju 14:15, 16:5; a man to sin Pr 1:10, 16:29. 2. deceive, 2 S 3:25, Pr 24:28 (yet cf.√Hiph. supr.); subj. י׳, obj. proph., Je 20:7 Ez 14:9, cf. 1 K 22:20, 22:21, 22:22 = 2 Ch 18:19, 18:20, 18:21; obj. י׳, Ps 78:36. Paul Impf. 3 ms. יְפֻתֶּה: 1. be persuaded, Pr 25:15. 2. be deceived, Je 20:10; by י׳, Ez 14:9.

† יֶ֫פֶת n.pr.m. third son of Noah, Ιαφεθ;—יֶפֶת: יַיֶפֶת Gn 9:27( J), 7:13, 10:2 (P) = 1 Ch 1:4, Gn 9:23, 10:21(J); יָפֶָת 9:18 (J), 5:32, 6:10, 10:1 (P), 1 Ch 1:5.

† פְּתוּאֵל n.pr.m. father of prophet Joel Jo 1:1 (LXX Βαθουηλ, i.e. בְּתוּאֵל).

† פְּתוֹר n.pr.loc. home of Balsam;—c. ה loc. פְּת֫וֹרָה Nu 22:5, φαθουρα, A Βαθουρα; אֲרַם פ׳ נַהֲרַיִם Dt 23:5, but om. פ׳ LXX ;—cf. As. Pitru (on W. bank of upper Euphr.) Schr KGF 220; COT Nu 22, 5 Dl Pa 269 Dr Hastings DB; Eg. Pe-d-ru WMM As. u. Eur:291.

† [פָּתוֹת] v. פתת. p.837

† I. פָּתַח vb. open (NH id.; Ph. פתח; As pitû, patû; sab, פתח Os:ZMG xix (1865), 197; Ar. فَتَحَ; Eth. fath.a:; Aram. פְּתַח, ܦܬܰܚ; Nab. Palm. פתח);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 K 15:16 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְתַּח Ex 21:33 +; 3 mpl. sf. יִפְתָּחוּם Ne 13:19, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּתַחִ 2 K 13:17 +; fs. פִּתְחִיּ Ct 5:2; mpl. פִּתְחוּ Jos 10:22 +; Inf. abs. Dt 15:8 +; cstr. לִפְתֹח Ez 21:27 +; Pt. act. פֹּתֵחַ Ju 3:25 +; pass. פָּתוּחַ Je 5:16 +, etc.;—open sack, שַׂק, Gn 42:27 (E), אַמְתַּחַת 43:21, 44:11 (J), skin-bottle (נאוד). Ju 4:19, hamper (תֵּדָה) Ex 2:6 (E), pit (בּוֹר) 21:33 (E ; i. e. uncover it), mouth (פִּי) of cave Jos 10:22 (JE), grave Ez 37:12, 37:13 (to bring forth dead), of. (in fig.) Je 5:16, Ps 5:10; כְּלִי פָתוּחַ Nu 19:15; (P) open vessel; door (דֶּלֶת; sts. opp. סָגַר) Ju 3:25 + v:25 (obj. om.), 19:27, 1 S 3:l5, 2 K 9:3, 9:10, 2 Ch 29:3, Jb 31:32 (c. ל pers.); fig. of Leb. Zc 11:1; דַּלתֵי שָׁמַיִם Ps 78:23 (of י׳, sending rain); ד׳ = city-gates Ne 13:19 Is 45:1(‖שְׁעָרִים ; י׳ subj., c. לפְנֵי); ד׳ om. Ct 5:2, 5:5, 5:6; gate (שַׁעַר), of land Na 3:13 (Inf. abs. + Impf. Niph. q.v.), cf. Ez 25:9, שׁער of temple (- court) Ez 46:12 (c. ל, pers.), Ps 118:19 (id.), city Is 26:2, obj. om. Dt 20:11, 2 K 15:16; window, חַלּוֹן, 2 K 13:17, 13:17, אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשָׁמַיִם (by י׳ sending rain) Gn 8:6(J), Mal 3:10; city Je 13:19, פְּתוּחָה Jos 8:17 (JE); abs. וְלאֹ סגר פ׳ Is 22:22, 22:22; —14:17 is dubious, Gr Perles:Anal. 28. 42 Kit (in Di) read לַאֲסִירָיו לאֹ־פ׳ בֵּית־הַכֶּלֶא; > Bu Che Marti אֲסִירָיו לאֹ פִּתַּח אִישׁ לְבֵיתוֹּ; storehouse, armoury Gn 41:56, Je 50:25 (of י׳), Je 50:26 (for destruction), fig. of sky, for rain Dt 28:12 (c. ל pers.; of י׳ ), cf. open בָָּר, expose for sale, Am 8:5; open womb, i.e. grant offspring Gn 29:31, 30:22 (J); open mouth (פֶּה) to cry, speak Ez 21:27, Jb 3:1, Dn 10:16, hence = speak Is 53:7, 53:7, Jb 33:2, Ps 39:10, 78:2 (בְּמָשָׁל), 109:2 (c. עַל pers.), Pr 24:7, 31:8 (c. ל pers.), v:9, v:26 (בְּחָכְמָה) ; Ps 49:5 either utter, declare, propound riddle, or open up, expound; have power of speech Ps 38:14; of י׳ giving power of (prophetic) speech Ez 3:27, 33:22, giving speech to ass Nu 22:28 (J); open mouth, to eat Ez 3:2, of earth, to swallow up, Nu 16:32: 26:10, cf. (פֶּה om.) Ps 106:17; open lips, to speak Jb 11:5 (c. עִם pers.), 32:20 (Gi v:21); of י׳ opening man's lips Ps 51:17, man's ear Is 50:5 (As. uznâ puttû); of eyes only pt. pass., c. אֶל 1 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 6:20, 1 K 8:52, Ne 1:6, c. ל 2 Ch 6:40 (by zeugma), 7:15 (all of י׳'s favour); open hand, in giving Dt 15:8, 15:11 (c, ל pers., + inf. abs.), of י׳ Ps 104:28, 145:16; book Ne 8:5, 8:5, letter 6:5; open river (channel) Is 41:18 (of י׳), rock, letting out water, Ps 105:41 (id.); open sword, = draw it Ez 21:33, Ps 37:14; of root שָׁרְשִׁי פָתוּחַ אֱלֵי־מָָיִם Jb 29:19, i.e. with no obstacle intervening.—תִּפְתַּח אֶרֶץ Is 45:8 is dub.; verb not elsewhere intrans.; Du Che:Hpt Marti prop. רַחְמָהּ as obj.; Gr Kit (in Di) read תִּפָּתַח. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִפְתַּח Is 5:27, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפָּתַח Ez 24:27, יִפָּתֵָחַ 44:2 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִפָּתֵחַ Is 51:14; Pt. נִפְתָּחZc 13:1; —be opend, of girdle Is 5:27 (i.e. loosened), cf. of captive 51:14, and, of calamity, Je 1:14 be let loose (c. עַל pers.) ; gates Na 2:7, 3:13 (of land, thrown open to (ל) enemy), Ez 44:2, 46:1, 46:1, Ne 7:3; impers. of man shut in by God Jb 12:14; of windows of heaven Gn 7:11 (P), cf. Is 24:18 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves Ez 1:1(for visions); fountain Zc 13:1; wine (-skin, c. neg.) Jb 32:19; mouth, in speech, 33:22; ears Is 35:5. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. פִּתַּח Jb 30:11 +, פִּתֵָּחַ 12:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְפַתַּח; Is 28:24, 1 s. אֲפַתֵּחַ Is 45:1, etc.; —Inf. abs פַּתֵּחַ Is 58:6 cstr., id. Ps 102:21; Pt. מְפַתֵָּחַ 1 K 20:11; —loose:

1. free, i.e. ungird, camels Gn 24:32 (J): loins of kings Is 45:1 (i.e. disarm them); set free, c. sf. pers. Ps 105:20, Je 40:4 (c. מִן); c. acc. בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה Ps 102:21.

2. loosen (and remove) sack-cloth Is 20:2 (c. מֵעַל ), Ps 30:12; armour 1 K 20:11 (obj. om.; opp. חָגַר) ; bonds Jb 12:18, Ps 116:16, cf. Is 58:6, Jb 39:5; cord 30:11, 38:11; loosen ground Is 28:24 (in tillage ; cf. Vogelst:Land wrirthschaft 38, As. puttû).

3. open gates Is 60:11, doors Jb 41:6 (fig. of crocodile's jaws); ear Is 48:8 (rd. prob. either פִּתַּחְתִּי, פָּתַחְתִּי [LXX Du Marti], or נִפְתְּחָה [Gr Che Kit in Di] ; buds Ct 7:13 (of blossom; obj. om.; or intrans., as sts. Ar. فَتَحَ v. Dozy). Hithp. Imv. mpl. התפתחו Is 52:2 Kt < Qr fs הִתְפַּתְּחִי (so LXX; of personif. Jerus.) loosen thee (Ges:§ 54 f) the fetters of thy neck.

835

פֶּ֫תַח:164 n.m.:Ez 8:8 (f. 2 S 17:9 but We reads אַחַד for אַחַת, and so Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 86) opening, doorway, entrance ;—abs. פ׳ Gn 4:7 +, פָָּתַח 19:11 +, הַפֶּ֫תְחָה v:6; cstr. פֶּתַח 18:1 +; sf. פִּתְחוֹ Pr 17:19, פִּתְחָהּ Ez 40:38; pl. פְּתָחִים 1 K 7:5, Pr 8:3; cstr. פִּתְחֵי Ps 24:7 +; sf. פְּתָחָָי, Pr 8:34 , etc.;—door-way of nomad's tent, הָאֹהֶל פ׳ Gn 18:1, 18:2, 18:10(J), Ex 33:8, 33:10 (E), Nu 11:10, 16:27(JE), Ju 4:20, cf.(without הָאֹהֶל) Gn 4:7 (in fig.), Jb 31:9, 31:34; of sacred tent, הָאֹהָל Ex 33:9, 33:10, Nu 12:5(E), 26:36, 36:37, not found39:38 (P), Dt 31:15, usu. (P) אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד פ׳ Ex 29:4 + 6 t. Ex + 40:6, 40:29 (מִשְׁכַּן אֹהֶל מ׳ פ׳), Lv 1:3 + 22 t. Lv, Nu 3:25 + 11 t. Nu, Jos 19:51, 1 S 2:22, cf. 1 Ch 9:21; פ׳ הַמִּשְׁכָּן Ex 35:15, cf. 40:5, 40:28 (all P); of court Nu 3:26 cf.4:26 and (of temple) Ez 8:7; doorway of (private) house Gn 19:6, 19:11, 19:11 + 22 t., cf. Ct 7:14; in Pr 17:19 Frankenb Toy rd. פּיו; of temple 1 K 6:33, Ez 8:16, so הַבַּית פ׳ Ez 47:1, 2 Ch 4:22; הַדְּבִיר פ׳ 1 K 6:31, הַצֵּלָע פ׳ v:8, Ez 41:11 cf., v:11, v:11; pl. 1 K 7:5; various doorways in Ezek.'s temple Ez 40:13, 40:13 + 13 t. 40–42 (v. also infr.); doorway of ark Gn 6:16 (P); of tower Ju 9:52; in wall Ez 8:8; opening (mouth) of cave 1 K 19:13; הַשַׁעַר פ׳ opening, i.e. doorway, of gate Ez 40:11; of city שַׁעַר הָעִיר פ׳, i.e. the outer aperture of the gate Jos 8:29, 20:4, Ju 9:35, 9:44, Je 1:15 (pl.), cf. 19:2, 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9, 2 K 23:8, Pr 1:21; so הַשַּׁעַר פ׳, Ju 9:40, 2 S 10:8, 11:23, 2 K 7:3, 10:8, and (of farm or village) Ju 18:16, 18:17; so הָעִיר פ׳ 1 K 17:20, 1 Ch 19:6 (= 2 S 10:8 supr.), cf. Gn 38:14; p1. of city gates themselves (poet.) Is 3:26 (personif.), נְדִיבִים פ׳ 13:2; פִּתְחֵי עוֹלָם Ps 24:7, 24:9 (‖שְׁעָרִים ); cf. fig. שְׁמֹר פִּתְחֵי־פִיְ Mi 7:5; also פ׳ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ Je 36:10, Ez 8:14, 10:19 cf. 8:3, 11:1, 40:4, 46:3, י׳ שׁ׳ פ׳ Je 26:10; פְּתָחֶיהָ Mi 5:6 of entrances to a country; fig. תִּקְוָה פ׳ Ho 2:17 doorway of hope.

836

† פֵּ֫תַח n.m. opening, unfolding ;—cstr. יָאִיר Ps 119:130, so LXX and most; > Symm Jer Bae פֶּתַח (= thy words as a doorway).

†פִּתְחוֹן n. [m.] opening;—cstr. פִּתְחוֹן opening of mouth in speech or song Ez 16:63, 29:21.

† [פְּתִיחָה] n. [f.] drawn sword ;—pl. פְּתִחוֹת Ps 55:22 (fig. of words; cf. Ez 21:33, Ps 37:14).

† פְּתַחְיָה n.pr.m.

1. priest 1 Ch 24:16, Εζεκηλ, φεθεια etc.

2. Levite Ezr 10:23, Ne 9:5, φαθαια, φεθεια (ς) etc.

3. Judahite Ne 11:24, Παθαια φαθαια.

† יִפְתָּח n.pr. 1. m. Jephthah, Ιεφθαε (he [God] openeth);—Ju 11:1, 11:1 + 26 t. 11, 12, 1 S 12:11. 2. loc. in the שְׁפֵלָה Jos 15:43 (P), A LXXL ιεφθα.

† יִפְתַּח־אֵל n.pr.loc. (God openeth; cf. Sab.n.pr.m. ינתחאל Hal:148, l);—in גֵּייִפ׳ (Γαφαηλ, Γαι και Φθαιηλ A LXXL Γαι (Ι) εφθαηλ), valley betw. Zebulun and Asher Jos 19:14, 19:27 (P); prob. near Jêfât (Jotapata), and perhaps upper part of Wady ‘Abellîn, v. Buhl:Geogr.109, 223.

† [מִפְתָּח] n. [m.] opening, utterance ;—cstr. מִפְתַּח שְׂפָתַיּ Pr 8:6 i.e. that with which my lips open.

† מַפְתֵּחַ n.m. key (opening instrument);—מ׳ abs. Ju 3:25, 1 Ch 9:27; cstr. Is 22:22= (fig.).

† נֶפְתּוֹחַ n.pr.loc. Μαφθω, Ναφθω, in מֵי נ׳ Jos 15:9, 18:15 (P), on border of Judah and Benj.; usu. identif. with spring Liftâ, near Jerus. to the NW., v. Buhl:Geogr:101. נַפְתֻּחִים v. p. 661.

פֶּ֫תי, פְּתַיּוּת v.sub פתה. p. 834

† II. [פָּתַח] vb. Pi. engrave (NH Pi. id.,פִּתּוּחַ = BH, and so Targum; As. patâḫu, bore, penetrate; cf. perh. Ar. فَتَخَةُ, فَتْخَةُ ring (cf. Frä:252));—Pf. 3 ms. פִּתַּח 2 Ch 3:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְפַתַּח 1 K 7:36; 2 ms. תְּפַתַּח Ex 28:11; Inf. cstr. לְפַתֵּחַ 2 Ch 2:6, 2:13; Pt. מְפַתֵּחַ Zc 3:9; —engrave, c. acc. + על , on metal 1 K 7:36, 2 Ch 3:7, Ex 28:36 (acc. cogn. פִּתּוּחֵי חוֹתָם), on stone v:9; c. acc. אֶבֶן + acc. cogn. v:11(all P); c. acc. cogn. only, Zc 3:9 (on stone), and, in gen., 2 Ch 2:6, 2:13. Pu. Pt. fpl. מְפֻתָּחֹת פִתּוּחֵי חוֹתָם Ex 39:9 (P) stones engraved with the engravings of signet.

† פִּתּוּח n.m. engraving ;—abs. פ׳ 2 Ch 2:13; sf. פִּתֻּחָהּ Zc 3:9; elsewhere pl. פִּתּוּחִים 2 Ch 2:6, etc.;—on (wood overlaid with) metal, פִּתּוּחֵי כְּרוּבִים 1 K 6:29 (see v:21, v:22), in temple, so Ps 74:6; on stone Zc 3:9, esp. פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם Ex 28:11, 28:21, 28:36, 39:6, 39:14, 39:30; in gen. 2 Ch 2:6, 2:13.

† [פְּתִּיגִיל] n. [מ:] rich robe (?) (prob.foreign word);—פ׳ abs. Is 3:24, LXX χιτὼν μεσοπόρφυρος Vulgate fascia pectoralis.

† [פָּתַל] vb. twist (NH Pi. and deriv.; Ar. فَتَلَ; Eth. fatala:; Aram. פְּתַל, chiefly deriv., in fig. senses; Syr. ܦܬܰܠ);—Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִפְּתַּלְתִּי עִם Gn 30:8 I have wrestled (lit. twisted myself) with; Pt. נִפְתָּלִים Jb 5:13 the plan of the tortuous; וְעִקֵּשׁ Pr 8:8 anything tortuous and twisted. Hithp. Impf. 2 ms. עִם־ קְִֵּשׁ תִּתְפַּתָָּל Ps 18:27 with the twisted thou dost deal tortuously= 2 S 22:27 (so rd. for imposs. תִּתַּפָָּל).

† פָּתִיל n.m.:Ju 16:9 cord, thread (twisted);—abs. פ׳ Nu 19:15; cstr. פְּתִיל Ju 16:9 +; sf. פְּתִילְֶָ Gn 38:18; pl. פְּתִילִים v:25, פְּתִילִם Ex 39:3; —cord (from which seal was hung) Gn 38:18, 38:25(J), פ׳ נְרְֶֹת Ju 16:9 (sim.), פִּשְׁתִּים פ׳ Ez 40:3 (as measuring line); תְּכֵלֶת פ׳, for fastening, Ex 28:28, 28:37, 39:21, 39:31, Nu 15:38, cf. פָּתִיל alone 19:15 (perh. gloss, v. Di); threads (of gold) in ephod Ex 39:3 (all P).

† פְּתַלְתֹּל adj. tortuous;—דּוֹר עִקֵּשׁ וּפ׳ Dt 32:5.

† [נַפְתּוּלִים] n. [מ:] pl. wrestlings (cf. √ Niph. Pf.);—cstr. נַפְתּוּלֵי א׳ Gn 30:8 wrestlings of God, i.e. mighty wrestlings.

נַפְתָּלִי n.pr.m. et trib. Naphtali, Νεφθαλει (μ), etc. (interpr. as my wrestling Gn 30:8; perhaps orig. crafty, cunning one);—

1. second son of Jacob and Bilhah Gn 30:8 (J), 35:25, 46:24 (P), 1 Ch 2:2, cf. Gn 49:21 (poem).

2. as a tribe of Isr.: a. Ju 1:33, 4:10, 5:18, Dt 33:23, 33:23 +; so (Hex, only P) בְּנֵי נ׳ Ju 4:6, Nu 1:42 + 6 t., מַטֵּה נ׳ Nu 2:29, 1 K 7:14 + 5 t., מַטֵּה בְּנֵי נ׳ Nu 10:27, 34:28, Jos 19:39; שַׁעַר נ׳ Ez 48:34 (in new Jerus.); אֶרֶץ נ׳ 1 K 15:20, 2 K 15:29, cf. Is 8:23; קֶדֶשׁ נ׳ Ju 4:6; הַר נ׳ Jos 20:7; נְּבוּל נ׳ Ez 48:4, יָ֫טָּה נ׳ v:3; עָרֵי נ׳ 2 Ch 16:4. b. as territorial name Dt 34:2 (JE) 1 K 4:15, 1 Ch 12:41 (van d. H. v:40), 2 Ch 34:6; Ju 6:35, 7:23 might be a or b.

837

† פִּתֹם n.pr.loc. Pithom, Π(ε)ιθω, Α Πιθωμ (Egypt. Patum, Per-Atum, house of (god) Atum) one of the עָרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת built by Isr. for Pharaoh Ex 1:11; identif. by Naville with Tel el-Maskhûta, near E. end of Wady Tumilat, Naville:Pithom, 1885 Di-Ry:ad loc. Di:SBAk, 1885, 889 ff. Bäd:Egypt (4). 159.

פתן (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; Hilpr:Bab.Exped. Univ. Pennsylv. ix (1898), 53, cp, As. patânu, lsprotect,rs whence two foll., lsserpentrs as protector, and lsthresholdrs as asylum; plausible, but exact meaning of patânu still uncertain).

† פֶּ֫תֶן n.m. :Ps 68:5 a venomous serpent, perh. cobra (פתן Ecclus 39:30; Aram. פִּתְנָא, ܦܰܬܳܢܳ, whence perh. Ar. بَشَنُ;—only poet.: pl. פְּתָנִיס ראֹשׁ Dt 32:33 (‖תַּנִּינִס), Jb 20:16, מְרוֹרַת פ׳ v:14; sg. פֶּ֫תֶן Ps 91:13 (‖ תַּנִּין ), חֵרֵשׁ פ׳ 58:5, חֻר פָָּתֶן Is 11:8.

† מִפְתָּן n.[m.] threshold (cf. NH פָּתִין cross-beam; ? Ar. فَيْتَنُ carpenter;);—abs. ס׳ 1 S 5:4, Zp 1:9; cstr. סִפְתַּן דָּנוֹן 1 S 5:5, הַבַּיִת ס׳ Ez 9:3, 10:4, 10:18, 47:1, הַשַּׁחר ס׳ 46:2.

† פֶּתַע subst. suddenness ( √ unknown: cf. As. ina pitti, ina pittimma, in suddenness, instantly, Dl:HWB 553):—Nu 35:22הְַדָפוֹ וְאִס־בְּפָתַע if he have thrust him in suddenness, before he is aware what he has done (i.e. accidentally); + פִּתְאֹם Nu 6:9 וכי יסות סת עליו בפתע פתאם i.e. very suddenly; פְֶחַע according to (לְ, p. 516 b) suddenness, Is 29:5 והיה לפחע פתאם = at an instant, suddenly, 30:13 שִׁבְרָהּ אשׁר פתאס לפתע יבוא. As adv. acc., suddenly, Pr 6:15 (= 29:1) פֶּתַע יִשָּׁבֵר, Hb 2:7.

† פִּתְאֹם, once Ps 64:8 (v. Baer) פִּתְאוֹס subst. suddenness, usu. as adv. acc. suddenly (from פֶּתַע, with the term. ם- (cf. שִׁלְשֹׁם), and with ע weakened to א: Sta:§ 295 Kö:ii. 255 f. Ba:NB § 216 b);—Nu 12:4 אל־טשׁה פ׳ ויאטר י׳, Jos 10:9, 11:7; esp. of calamity, invasion, etc., coming suddenly, Is 47:11, 48:3, Je 4:20 שֻׁדְּדוּ אֹהָלי בּ׳, 6:26, 15:8, 18:22, 51:8 Psalm ירֻהוּ וְלאֹ יִירָָאוּ פ׳, v:8, Jb 5:3, 9:23, Ec 9:12, Pr 6:15, 24:22; also 7:22, Mal 3:l; thrice with פֶּתַע (q. v.). As a gen. † Pr 3:25 אל־תירא טִפַּהַר פ׳ of the terror of suddenness, i.e. the sudden terror, Jb 22:10; and with בְּ, in suddenness, † 2 Ch 29:36 היה הרבר במ׳.

† פָּתַר vb. interpret (dream), only Gn 40:41 (NH id., J Aram. פְּתַר; appar. = Aram. פְּשַׁר, ܦܫܰܪ, dissove, fig. solve, interpret, cf. פֵּשֶׁר);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. פָּתַר, c. ל pers. Gn 40:22, 41:13; abs. פָּתָָר 40:16, 41:12; c. acc. rei: Impf. 3 ms. וַיפְתָּר־לָנוּ 41:12; Inf. cstr. לִפְתֹּר 41:15; Pt. act. פֹּתֵר 40:8, 41:15, פּוֹ׳ 41:8.

† פִּתְרוֹן [Kö:ii. 1, 154] n.m. interpretation (of a dream), only Gn 40:41; —cstr. פִּתְרוֹן Gn 40:5, 41:11; sf. פִּתְרֹנוֹ 40:12, 40:18; pl. פִּתְרֹנִיט v:8.

† פַּתְרוֹס n.pr.terr. = Upper Egypt, Παθουρης, φαθουρης etc. (Egypt. p ((ĕ )-tĕ -res, south land) in As. Paturisi, Erman:ZAW x (1890), 118 f. Steind:BAS i.344 WMM:Hastings DB; also (on As.) Schr:KGF 283 f. Dl:Pa 310);—alw. in connexion with מִחְרַיִם, etc.: Is 11:11, Je 44:15, Ez 30:14, אֶרֶץ פ׳Je 44:1, Ez 29:14; מִפַּתְרֹס prop. also Ps 68:31 (for טִתְרַפֵּס) Ne:JBL x (1891), 152 (plausibly), cf. Che:ib. xi. (1892), 125 Kau:Psalm Psalm crit. n..

† פַּתְרֻסִים adj. gent. Pl. of foregoing, as subst. Gn 10:14 = 1 Ch 1:12.

† פֵּתְשֶׁ֫גֶן n.m. copy ( = פַּרְשֶׁנֶן q.v.);—cstr. כְּתָב (הַ) פּ׳ Est 3:14, 4:8, 8:13.

† [פָּתַת] vb. break up, crumble (NH id.; Ar.فَتَّ; Eth. fatata:; Syr. ܦܰܬ);—Qal Inf. abs. of bread of מִנְתָה:פָּתוֹת אֹתִּיט Lv 2:6.

† פַּת n.f.:Pr 17:1 fragment, bit, morsel of bread;—abs. תֲרֵבָה פ׳ Pr 17:1 a dry morsel; cstr. פַּת־לֶחֶם Gn 18:5, Ju 19:5, 1 S 2:36, 28:22, 1 K 17:11, Pr 28:21; sf. פִּתִּי Jb 31:l7, פִּתְְּ Pr 23:8, פִּתֵּח Ru 2:14, פִּתּוֹ 2 S 12:3; pl. פִּתִּים Lv 2:6, 6:14; in sim. Ps 147:17.

838

† [פָּתוֹת] n.[m.] id.;—pl. cstr. פְּתוֹתַי לֶתֶם Ez 13:19.