Aramaic מ

† [מַלְאַךְ] n.m. angel (𝔗 Syriac);—sf. מַלְאֲכֵהּ Dn 3:28; 6:23.

† לְבַב n.m. ^{Dn 4:13} heart (v. BH; so Egyptian Aramaic S-C^{B 12 +} );—cstr. ל׳ Dn 4:13; 7:4; sf. לִבְבָךְ 2:30; 5:22, -בֵהּ 4:13; 5:20, 21.

† [לֵב] n.[m.] id. (BH id.; so 𝔗 Syriac; Egyptian Aramaic, Lzb³⁰¹ = Cooke^{76 A 6});—sf. לִבִּי Dn 7:28.

† [לְבֵשׁ] vb. be clothed (v. BH);—

Pe. Impf. acc. אַרְגְּוָנָא: 3 ms. יִלְבַּשׁ Dn 5:7, 2 ms. תִּלְבַּשׁ v 16.

Haph. Pf. 3 mpl. הַלְבִּ֫שׁוּ v 29 clothe one (ל) with (acc.).

† [לְבוּשׁ] n.m. garment (BH id.);—sf. לְבוּשֵׁהּ Dn 7:9; pl. sf. לְבוּשֵׁיהוֹן 3:21.

לָה v. לָא.

לֶהֱוֵא v. הֲוָא.

† I. לָהֵן conj. therefore (BH לָהֵן †Ru 1:13^(×2), Aramaic of Têma להן CIS ^{ii. 113} = Cooke ¹⁹⁵), Dn 2:6, 9; 4:24 (Lambert^{RÉJ. 1904. 273} denies I. לָהֵן, taking Biblical Aramaic always as = רַק).

† II. לָהֵן conj. except, but (from לָא and הֵן ‘not if’ (cf. Heb. אם לא Gn 24:38); so Nab. and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke^{217, 219, 241} S-C^{Pap. C 6, 7 +}; lâinnî, however Socin^{Arabic Dial. v. Marokko 44, Anm. 103}; 𝔗 אִילָּהֵין Gn 32:28; 43:3 al.);—

1. after a neg. (= BH כִּי אִם, q.v.): a. except Dn 2:11; 3:28; 6:6, 8, 13. b. but (Germ. sondern) Dn 2:30.

2. without a neg.: however, but Ezr 5:12.

† [לֵוָי] n. gent. Levite (BH לֵוִי);—pl. emph. לויא Kt, לְוָאֵי Qr (K^{§§ 61, 6); 52. d}), Ezr 6:16, 18; 7:13, 24 (all + priests).

† לְוָת prep. to, at, beside (der. uncertain; v.K ^{128 n.}; perhaps akin to לָוָה, לְוִי, ܠܘܺܝ join; 𝔗 לְוָת, Syriac ܠܘܳܬ to), c. מִן, Ezr 4:12 the Jews which came up מִן־לְוָתָךְ from thee (de chez toi; cf. ܡܶܢ ܠܘܳܬ, מִלְּוַת, e.g. Ex 8:8; 9:33 𝔖 𝔗 = Heb. מֵעִם).

† לְתֵם (K^{§ 54, 3. γ}) n.m. feast (𝔗 Syriac bread, so BH, q.v. √ II. לחם);—abs. עֲבַד ל׳ Dn 5:1 made a feast.

† [לְחֵנָה] n.f. concubine (𝔗 לְחֵינְתָא; Fl^{Levy NHWB ii. 534 f.} cp. Arabic لَخْنَا, indelicate epithet for woman; Batten Ezr 2:65 cp. Arabic لَحْنٌ note, tune, song; still otherwise Wetzst^{De, HL u. Koh. 454});—pl. sf. לְחֵנָתָךְ Dn 5:23, הּ—ֵ v 2, 3.

† [לֵילָא] n.[m.] night (v. BH לַ֫יְלָה);—emph. לֵילְיָא Dn 2:19; 5:30; 7:2, 7, 13.

† לִשָּׁן n.m. ^{Dn 3:7} tongue (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH לָשׁוֹן, √ לשׁן);—tongue = language, fig. for people: abs. עַם אֻמָּה וְל׳ Dn 3:29; pl. emph. ע׳ א׳ וְלִשָּׁנַיָּא v 4, 7, 31; 5:19; 6:26; 7:14 (cf. BH לָשׁוֹן 2, Is 66:18).

מָא v. מָה.

† מְאָה n.f. hundred (v. BH);—abs. מ׳ after noun enum., Ezr 6:17; 7:22^(×4), so אַרְבַּע מ׳ 6:17, מ׳ וְעֶשְׂרִין Dn 6:2, and du. מָאתַ֫יִן Ezr 6:17.

מֹאזַנְיָא v. אזן.

מֵאמַר v. אמר.

† [מָאן] n.m. ^{Ezr 7:19} vessel, utensil (𝔗 מׇ(א)ן, Syriac ܡܳܐܢ, so Chr-Pal., Schulth^{Lex. 106}; Old Aramaic מאן, Ph. מנם; poss. √ אנה, v. BH II. אנה, cf. Lag^{BN 183} Buhl);—pl., vessels of temple at Jerus.: emph. מָאנַיָּא Ezr 5:14, 15; 7:19; Dn 5:23; cstr. מָאנֵי v 2, 3; Ezr 6:5.

מְגִלָּה v. גלל.

† [מְגַר] vb.

Pa. overthrow (𝔗, Syriac (Lexx.); v. BH (late, rare));—Impf. 3 ms. יְמַגַּר כָּל־מֶלֶךְ Ezr 6:12 (of God).

[מַדְבַּח] v. דבח.

מִדָּה v. מִנ׳.

[מְדוֹר] v. דור.

† מָדַי n.pr. gent. et terr. Medes, Media (BH id.);—

1. gent. Dn 5:28; 6:9, 13, 16.

2. terr. Ezr 6:2.

מדיא Kt, מָדָאָה Qr (K^{§ 61, 6)}) n. gent. Mede;—Dn 6:1. [מְדִינָה] v. דין.

מַדְקָה Dn 7:7 v. [דְּקַק].

[מְדָר] v. דור.

† מָה (מָא †Ezr 6:8) pron. interr. and indef. what? (BH מָה; Nab. מה; Zinj. מ; 𝔗 מא; Syriac ܡܳܐ; Arabic مَا: cf. W^{CG 124 f.});—

1. what? Dn 4:32 מה עבדת.

2. whatever, what (cf. BH 1 b end) Dn 2:22 ידע מה בחשׁוכא knoweth what is in darkness, Ezr 6:9: so מָה דִּי (cf. דִּי 1 b: so Nab.; Palm. מא די, מדי, Lzb³⁰⁶ Cooke^{320, 332}) Dn 2:28, 29^(×2), 45; Ezr 6:8 למא די תעבדון with regard to what ye shall do, 7:18 (= whatsoever).

3. with prefixes: a. כְּמָה how! Dn 3:33^(×2). b. לְמָה why? (cf. BH לָמָּה) Ezr 4:22 be not slack herein: why should damage grow, etc., virtually = lest damage grow (𝔊 μή ποτε), 7:23 די למה להוא קצף for why should there be wrath? = lest [𝔊 μή ποτε] there be wrath (cf. 𝔗 דִּילְמָא, Syriac ܕܰܠܡܳܐ lest: and v. מָה 4 d b, p. 554a). c. על־מה wherefore? Dn 2:15.

מְהַחֲתִין v. [נְחֵת].

מְהֵימַן v. [אֲמַן].

מְהָךְ v. [הֲלַךְ].

† מוֹת n.[m.] death (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH);—abs. Ezr 7:26. מֵזֵא v. [אֲזָא]. מָזוֹן v. זון.

† [מְחָא] vb. smite (v. BH II. מָחָה);—

Pe. Pf. 3 fs. מְחַת, ל rei, Dn 2:34, 35 (+ עַל).

Pa. Impf. 3 ms. יְמַחֵא בִידֵהּ 4:32, i.e. hinder him (cf. Ec 8:4 𝔗 D^{Aramaic Dialektproben, p. 5}; Talm.: Levy^{NHWB s.v.}).

Hithpe. Impf. 3 ms. יִתְמְחֵא Ezr 6:11 let him be smitten (nailed) עֲלֹ֑הִי. מַחֵא Dn 5:19 v. [חֲיָא].

[מַחְלְקָה] v. חלק.

† מְטָא, מְטָה vb. reach, attain (𝔗 id., Syriac ܡܛܳܐ, cf. Chr-Pal. Schulth^{Lex. 108}; Ethiopic መጠወ Arabic أَنْطَى (for أَمْطَى) Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 736}; distinct from BH מָצָא, etc., q.v.);—

Pe. Pf. 3 ms. מְטָא Dn 4:25, ה—ָ 7:13, 22; 3 fs. מְטַת 4:19, מְטָת v 21 Qr (Kt, erron., מטית K^{§ 47, Beisp. 1) α)}); 3 mpl. מְטוֹ 6:25; Impf. 3 ms. יִמִטֵא 4:8, 17;— 1. a. reach, come to Dn 6:25 (ל loc.); come unto, as far as 7:13 (עַד pers.); abs. arrive 7:22 (of time; 𝔊 ἐδόθη; v. Nes^{MM 41} who cp. Arabic عَطَى iv. give). b. reach, extend, ל loc. 4:8, 17, 19. 2. c. עַל pers. come upon, befall 4:21, 25.

† מִישָׁאֵל n.pr.m. (= BH id., 2, sub מִי);—Dn 2:17.

מֵישַׁךְ n.pr.m. (BH id.);—Dn 2:49; 3:12 + 11 times 3.

† [מְלָא] vb. fill (v. BH);—

Pe. Pf. 3 fs. מְלַאת Dn 2:35 (c. acc.).

Hithpe. Pf. 3 ms. הִתְמְלִי חֱמָא 3:19 was filled with rage.

[מַלְאַךְ] v. לאך.

מִלָּה v. מלל.

† מְלַח n.m. salt (v. BH);—מ׳ abs. Ezr 6:9; 7:22 (both for sacrifices), cstr. 4:14.

† [מְלַח] vb. denom. c. acc. cogn., eat salt;—

Pe. Pf. 1 pl. מְלַחְנָא Ezr 4:14 we have eaten the salt of the palace (so most), i.e. have assumed obligations of loyalty, cf. M ^{69 *} K^{§ 71, 2} (and Syriac ܐܶܬܡܰܠܰܚ be intimate with PS²¹³⁴); Str (after Nes^{MM 30 f.}) thinks n. c. sf.: our salt is the salt of the palace.

I. מלך (√ of following, v. BH).

מֶ֫לֶךְ₁₇₈ n.m. king (general Sem.; v. BH);—מ׳ abs. Dn 2:10 + 2 times; cstr. 4:34 + 6 times; usually emph. מַלְכָּא Ezr 4:8 + 154 times, ה—ָ Dn 2:11; pl. מַלְכִין Ezr 4:15 + 9 times, ים—ִ 4:13 (Hebraism, Be-Ry M^{41 *}); emph. מַלְכַיָּא Dn 2:44 + 2 times;—king Dn 2:4, 5 + 132 times Dn, Ezr 4:8, 11 + 42 times Ezr (מֶלֶךְ מַלְכַיָּא of Neb. Dn 2:37, of Artax. Ezr 7:12 [cf. Cooke^{71, 3}, of Xerxes]; מַלְכִין Dn 7:17 = kingdoms, cf. מַלְכוּ v 23).

† [מַלְכָּה] n.f. queen;—emph. מַלְכְּתָא Dn 5:10^(×2).

† מַלְכוּ n.f. royalty, reign, kingdom;—abs. מ׳ Dn 2:39 +; cstr. מַלְכוּת Ezr 4:24 +; emph. -תָא Dn 2:37 +, -תָה 2:44; sf. -תִי 4:15 +, -תֵהּ 3:33 +, -תָךְ 4:23 +; pl. cstr. מַלְכְוָת 7:27; emph. -וָתָא 2:44; 7:23;—

1. royalty, kingship, kingly authority: Dn 4:23, 28, 33; הֵיכַל מ׳ v 26, בֵּית מ׳ v 27, כָּרְסֵא מ׳ 5:20.

2. organized (world-) kingdom: 2:39^(×2), 40, 41, 42, 44; 7:23^(×2), 24, 27; מ׳ אֲנָשָׁא 4:14, 22, 29; 5:21; of specif. kings 2:37; 5:18, 28; 6:1; of God 3:33; 7:27 (both מ׳ עָלַם), 2:44^(×2); 3:33; 4:31; 6:27; 7:27; of Mess. 7:14^(×2); of saints 7:18^(×2), 22, 27.

3. realm (territorial) 4:15, 33b; 5:7, 11, 16, 29; 6:2^(×2), 4, 8, 27; Ezr 7:13, 28; meton. Dn 6:5 = administration of realm.

4. reign, time of reigning Dn 5:26; 6:29^(×2); Ezr 4:24; 6:15.

II. מלך (√ of foll.; Assyrian malâku, counsel, advise; 𝔗 מְלַךְ, Syriac ܡܠܰܟ, Chr-Pal. ܡܠܟ Schulth¹¹²; BH II. [מָלַךְ] †Ne 5:7 as loan-word).

† [מְלֵךְ] n.m. counsel, advice;—sf. מִלְכִּי Dn 4:24 let my counsel be acceptable to thee.

† [מְלַל] vb.

Pa. speak, say (so 𝔗 Syriac; cf. BH מלל Pi. (rare));—Pf. 3 ms. מַלִּל Dn 6:22 he spoke with (עִם pers.); acc. of words, Impf. 3 ms. יְמַלִּ֔ל 7:25 (c. לְצַד of God); so Pt. act. מְמַלִּל v 8 (van d. H. here מְמַלֵּל), v 20; f. מְמַלֱּלָא (K^{§ 15 d)}) v 11.

† מִלָּה n.f. word, thing;—abs. מ׳ Dn 2:9 +, cstr. מִלַּת v 10 +; emph. מִלְּתָה v 5, א—ָ v 8 +; pl. abs. מִלִּין 7:1, 25, cstr. מִלֵּי 5:10, emph. מִלַּיָּא 7:11, 16;—

1. word, utterance Dn 4:28; 6:15, pl. 5:10; 7:11, 25; in bad sense, מ׳ כִדְבָה וּשְׁחִיתָה 2:9, מִלַּיָּא רַבְרְבָתָא 7:11 (cf. רַבְרְבָן alone v 8:20); word of God’s judgment 4:30; = command 2:5, 8; 3:22, 28; 6:13.

2. thing, affair, matter: 2:10^(×2), 11, 15, 17, 23; 5:15, 26; 7:28^(×2), pl. v 1, 16.

† מַן (so Gi, with most MSS., supported by Syriac ܡܰܢ, Arabic مِنْ; v. K^{§ 22, 1}), מָן (Baer: v. on Dn 3:6), interr. pron. who? (Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. מן (Lzb³¹² Cooke¹⁸⁸), 𝔗 מן, Syriac ܡܰܢ, Ethiopic መኑ Arabic مَنْ: W^{CG 123}: BH מִי);—

1. who? Ezr 5:3, 9; strengthened by הוּא, Dn 3:15 וּמַן־הוּא אֱלָהּ דִּי who is the God who …? (cf. Syriac ܡܰܢܽܘ contr. from ܡܰܢ ܗܽܘ, and מַנּוּ in the Syriacizing 𝔗 to Pr: also BH מִי הוּא, הוּא 4 b β); so in the pl. Ezr 5:4 מַן־אִנּוּן שְׁמָהָת what (lit. who: cf. מִי 1 a, and Gn 32:28; Ex 3:13 𝔗) are the names of …?

2. מַן־דִּי whosoever (lit. who is there that …? v. BH מִי g) Dn 3:6, 11 מַן־דִּי לָא יִפֵּל, 4:14 וּלְמַן דִּי יִצְבֵּא יִתְּנִנַּהּ to whomsoever he willeth, he giveth it, v 22, 29; 5:21 (so Nab. מן די, Cooke^{241, 325 ff.}; 𝔗 מַן דְּ; Syriac ܡܰܢ ܕ; cf. Egyptian Aramaic S-C^{Pap. K 7, 12} ולמן זי צבית תנתן).

מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than (BH and general Aramaic id.);—rarely assimilated, as in Heb., v. Dn 6:5 מִצַּד, Ezr 5:11; 6:14; sf. מִנִּי, מִנָּךְ, 3 m. מִנֵּהּ, f. מִנַּהּ † Dn 2:42; 7:24; 3 mpl. מִנְּהוֹן (so Palm.^{Tariff ii. a 34}; Nab. Egyptian Aramaic מנהם, Cooke^{No. 89. 6}, S-C^{Pap. A 10}) †Dn 2:33^(×2), 41^(×2), 42^(×2) Kt (Qr each time f. מִנְּהֵן), 6:3^(×2);—

1. of place: a. from, Dn 4:10, 11, 28; 7:4 +, מִן תַּמָּה †Ezr 6:6; fig. on the side or part of (cf. BH 1 c) Dn 6:5 מִצַּד מַלְכוּתָא. b. out of, Dn 3:15, 26; 5:2; 7:3, etc. c. (coming) from 2:35, away from, 2:45; 4:11, 22, 28; Je 10:11. d. to ask or exact of a person, Dn 2:16, 49 +; Ezr 7:26; to deliver from Dn 6:21.

2. a. of the source (BH 2 b), as to be fed from Dn 4:9; or author (ib. d), מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם = by me is a decree made, Dn 3:29; 4:3 (6:27 מִן־קֳדָמַי), Ezr 4:19 +, cf. 5:17; מִנִּי = on my part Dn 2:5, 8 (v. אַזְדָּא). b. of the immediate cause, as a result of, by, Dn 4:22 (= ב v 12, 20), v 30; 5:21: so with a vb. of fearing 5:19. c. of the remoter cause, by reason of (BH 2 f), Dn 5:19 מִן־רְבוּתָא, 7:11; so מִן־דִּי, v. דִּי 4 b. d. of the norm (cf. BH 2 g) = at, according to, Ezr 6:14 מִן־טַעַם אֱלָהּ יִשׂ׳ at the decree of, etc., 7:23; Dn 2:8 מִן־יַצִּיב according to certainty, v 47 מִן־קְשֹׁט.

3. partitively (BH 3), Dn 6:3 חַד מִנְּהוֹן, 7:8, 16; 2:25; 5:13; (some) of 2:41 מִן־נִצְבְּתָא; מִנְּהוֹן … מִנְּהוֹן some … others of them 2:33, 41, 42a; so v 42b מִן־קְצָת … מִנַּהּ.

4. of time, from, Dn 2:20 (מִן … וְעַד), Ezr 4:15, 19; v. also אֱדַיִן and דִּי 4.

5. in comparisons, different from Dn 7:3, 7, 19, 23, 24, beyond, more than 2:30, 39; 6:3; 7:20 end; 4:13 לִבְבֵהּ מִן־אֲנָשָׁא יְשַׁנּוֹן let his heart be changed away from man’s (BH 7 b b; Is 52:14).

6. cpds.:—v. לְוָת, קֳדָם, [קַדְמָה], תְּחוֹת.

מְנֵא v. מנה.

† מִנְדָּה, מִדָּה (?) n.f. tribute (Assyrian loan-word, cf. BH ii. [מִדָּה]);—abs. מִנ׳ Ezr 4:13; 7:24 + 4:20 Baer (van d. H. Gi Str מִדָּה); cstr. מִדַּת 6:8.

מַנְדַּע v. ידע.

† מְנָה vb. number, reckon (v. BH);—

Pe. Pf. 3 ms. מ׳ Dn 5:26 God has numbered (the days of) thy kingdom (acc.; i.e. put an end to it);—מְנֵא v. infr.

Pa. appoint, acc. pers.: Pf. 3 ms. מַנִּי Dn 2:24 (+ Inf.), v 49 (ל pers. + עַל rei); 2 ms. מַנִּיתָ 3:12 (עַל rei); Imv. ms. מֶנִּי (K^{§ 47, 3, c)}) Ezr 7:25.

† מְנֵא n. [m.] maneh, mina, a weight (v. BH; Old Aramaic מנה SAC⁷⁵ Lzb³¹³);—abs. Dn 5:25^(×2), 26, v. ClGann^{JAs Juillet-Août, 1886, 36 ff.} Nö^{ZA i. 414 f.} Dr al.; its connexion in Dn with מְנָה is due to word-play; v. also פְּרֵס, תְּקֵל.

† מִנְיָן n. [m.] number;—cstr. מ׳ Ezr 6:17.

‡ † מִנְחָה n.f. gift, offering (BH id., √ מנח);—

1. oblation, to God’s representative, abs. מ׳ Dn 2:46.

2. techn. meal-offering, pl. sf. מִנְחָֽתְהוֹן Ezr 7:17.

מִנְיָן v. מנה.

† [מְעָא] n. [m.] pl. external belly (v. BH [מֵעֶה] 6);—sf. מְע֫וֹהִי Dn 2:32 (of image in vision).

מַעֲבַד v. עבד.

מְע֫וֹהִי v. [מְעָא].

מֵעָל v. I. עלל.

† [מָרֵא] n.m. lord (𝔗 מָר, c. מָרֵי; Syriac ܡܳܪܶܐ, e. ܡܳܪܳܐ, ܡܳܪܝܳܐ, Egyptian Aramaic מרא (RÉS^{i. 361}); Chr-Pal. ܡܐܪ, etc., Schulth^{Lex. 115}; Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. מר(א) (Lzb³¹⁶); cf. n.pr. dei מרנא (μαρνα), god of Gaza, SAC⁷⁷; also Arabic مَرْءٌ man, Sab. מרא man, lord Hom^{Chr 127; AA 293} RÉS^{i. 454, 2});—lord: of God, cstr. מ׳ שְׁמַיָּא Dn 5:23, מָרֵה מַלְכִין 2:47; of king, sf. מָֽרְאִי Kt (as Nab., SAC^l.c.; K^{§ 58, 1}), Qr מָרִי (as Palm., SAC^l.c.) 4:16, 21.

† מְרַד n.[m.] rebellion (v. BH);—abs. מ׳ Ezr 4:19.

† [מָרָד K^{§ 59 d)}] adj. rebellious;—of city, f. abs. מָרָדָא Ezr 4:15, emph. מָרָֽדְתָּא (K ^ib.) v 12.

מָרֵה v. מָרֵא.

† [מְרַט] vb. pluck (v. BH);—Peʿîl Pf. 3 mpl. מְרִ֫יטוּ Dn 7:4 were plucked off (wings).

† מֹשֶׁה n.pr.m. Moses (BH id.);—סְפַר מ׳ Ezr 6:18.

† מְשַׁח n.[m.] oil (v. BH);—abs. Ezr 6:9; 7:22.

[מִשְׁכַּב] v. שׁכב.

[מִשְׁכַּן] v. שׁכן.

[מַשְׁרוֹקִית] v. שׁרק.

[מִשְׁתֶּה] v. שׁתה.

מֵתֶא Dn 3:2 v. אֲתָה.

[מַתְּנָא] v. נתן.