Aramaic א

[אָב] v. אבה.

† [אֵב K^{§55, 5a) 2}] n.m. fruit (BH; √ אבב);—sf. 3 ms. אִנְבֵּהּ (K^{§ 11, 4b)}) Dn 4:9, 11, 18.

† [אֲבַד] vb. perish (BH);—

Pe. Impf. 3 mpl. יֵאבַ֫דוּ (not -וּן v. K^{§ 26, 1}) Je 10:11 they shall perish, pass away.

Haph. (Old Aramaic האבד Lzb²⁰⁵ Cooke¹⁸⁹) destroy: Impf. 2 ms. אַל־תְּהוֹבֵד (K^{§ 41c}) Dn 2:24 (c. ל pers.); 3 mpl. יְהוֹבְדוּן v 18 (indef. subj.; acc. pers.); Inf. לְהוֹבָדָא v 12, 24 (both c. ל pers.), -דָה 7:26 (abs.).

Hoph. (K^{§ 41c} W^{CG 225}) be destroyed: Pf. 3 ms. הוּבַד 7:11.

אבה (assumed as √ of foll.; v. p. 3).

† [אַב D^{§ 40. 4}, אַבָּא id^ib Me^{Chr 165}] n.m. father (BH אָב);—

1. lit. father, sf. אַ֫בִי Dn 5:13 (v. Behrm Marti), אֲבוּךְ (K^{§ 53, 2 a}) v 11^(×3), 18 אֲבוּ֫הִי v 2.

2. pl. fathers, ancestors [אֲבָהָן D^l.c.

† אֶ֫בֶן n.f. ^{Dn 2:34} stone (BH id.);—abs. א׳ Dn 2:34 +; emph. אַבְנָא v 35;—

1. a (the) stone Dn 2:34, 35, 45; 6:18.

2. stone, material of idols 5:4, 23; of buildings Ezr 5:8; 6:4.

† אִגְּרָה (K^{§ 50, 3}) n.f. letter-missive (late BH אִגֶּ֫רֶת, Old Aramaic אגרת, Palm. אגרתא Lzb²⁰⁷);—abs. א׳ Ezr 4:8 (van d. H. -רָא); emph. אִגַּרְתָּא 4:11; 5:6. אדרגזר

אֱדַ֫יִן₅₇ adv. then, thereupon (so Egyptian Aramaic (S-C^{Pap. H 1, J 1}), not 𝔗: the usually Aramaic forms are הֵידֵין, ܗܳܝܕܶܝܢ, Mand. האידין (Nö^{M 207}); from [אֱדַי] = BH אֲזַי (v. אָז) + determ. affix n (as in דִּכֵּן, תַּמָּן; in Sab. = post-pos. art., Hom^{Chr. § 57}: cf.W^{CG 115}), Nö^{GGA 1884, 1020}: אֲזַי, [אֱדַי], prob. from same demonstr. √ as זֶה, דָּא, דִּי, etc., إِذْ, إِذَا, lo, إِذًا well then, in that case, Ethiopic ማእዜ when? ይእዜ now (Di ^{Lex. 197, 1072}), Syriac ܕܶܝܢ (enclitic) but);—then, thereupon, Dn 2:15, 17, 19, 25, 48; 3:24 +, Ezr 4:9, 23; 5:4, 9 + (always, except Ezr 5:5, at beginning of sentence, introducing new stage of narrative with some emph.); so c. בְּ, בֵּאדַיִן (3 times Ezr., 26 times Dn) Dn 2:14, 35, 46; 3:3, 13, 19, 21, 26, etc., Ezr 4:24; 5:2; 6:1; מִן־אֱדַיִן from that time †Ezr 5:16.

† אֲדָר (K^{§ 57a}) n. pr. 12th month (BH id.);—Ezr 6:15.

† [אִדַּר K^{§ 59c)}] n.m. threshing-floor (𝔗 id., Syriac ܐܶܕܪܳܐ, cf.Chr-Pal. Schulth^{Lex. 3}; hence Arabic أَنْدَرٌ as loan-word Frä¹³⁶; conj. on etym. Lag^{Ges. Abh. 10} Hoffm^{LCB 1882, 320} Jen^{ZA vii (1892), 210});—pl. cstr. אִדְּרֵי־קַיִט Dn 2:35.

‡ † [אֲדַרְגָּזַר] n.m. counsellor (Pers. loan-word = andaržaghar Nö^COT Dn 3:2, ^{Tabari 462} Andr^{M 51*} Str^42* Dr Scheft^{ii. 57}; Mey^{Entst. J. 25} questions, and thinks military title);—pl. emph. אֲדַרְגָּֽזְרַיָּא Dn 3:2, 3.

† אַדְרַזְדָּא adv. correctly, exactly (according to Haug^{JBW 1853, 152 f.} Scheft ^{68 f.} from Zend derez, make firm, whence Skr. ptcp. pass. dṛḍha, firm, sure, suitable, Zend dereśta, holding firm, Pers. durust, whole, complete, correct; > Nö^{KAT2 617} from אַזְדָּא, q.v.);—Ezr 7:23 יִתְעֲבֵד א׳.

אֶדְרַע v. דרע.

אוה (√ of foll.; v. BH אוֹת, II. אוה).

† [אָת] n.m. ^{Dn 3:33} sign (always as wrought by God, and always c. תמהין wonders);—pl. abs. אָתִין Dn 6:28; emph. אָתַיָּא 3:32; sf. אָתוֹ֫הִי v 33.

אול (√ of following, BH II. אול, איל).

† אִילָן (D ¹³⁸) n.m. ^{Dn 4:7} tree (𝔗 אִילָן, Syriac ܐܻܝܠܳܢ; cf.BH אֵלָה, אֵלוֹן, p. 18);—abs. א׳ Dn 4:7; emph. -נָא v 8, 11, 17, 20, 23.

† [אֲזָא] vb. make hot, heat (𝔗 id. [rare]; cf.Arabic أَزَّ kindle, burn);—

Pe . Inf. לְמֵזֵא (K^{§ 11, 3b}) Dn 3:19 (ל acc.), sf. לְמֵזְיֵהּ v 19; Pt. pass. אֵזֵה (K^{§ 15e}) v 22.

† אַזְדָּא (so Gi, with most MSS.; Baer אָֽזְדָא) adj. sure, assured (Pers. azda, Skr. addhâ, ‘certain’ (Kern ^{ZDMG 1869, 220}); so first Nö^{KAT2 617}; confirmed now by Egyptian Aramaic (RÉS ^{361, B 3}) הן אזד יתעבד מן if it is made certain (certified) by, etc.; > 𝔊 KiAV al. (v. Thes) as vb. is gone, or (אָֽזְדָא) is going, from Talm. אֲזַד (= אֲזַל) go away (Levy^{NHWB i. 50}); so Scheft^{MGWJ 1903, 310} from Zend *azda ‘gone,’ ptcp. pass. of azaiti ‘go’);—Dn 2:5 מִלְּתָה מִנִּי אַוְדָּא, v 8 דִּי־אַזְדָּא מִנִּי מִלְּתָא the word is assured on my part (the thing is fully resolved upon by me: cf.𝔖 ܫܰܪܺܝܪܳܐ; IE קַיָּימָא וֶאֱמֶת); + 3:14 (v. צְדָא).

† אֲזַל vb. go, go off (BH [rare]);—

Pe Pf. 3 ms. א׳ Dn 2:24 + (אֲזַ֑ל v 17; 6:20); 3 pl. אֲזַ֫לוּ Ezr 4:23; 1 pl. אֲוַלְנָא 5:8; Imv. ms. אֵֽזֶל(־אֲחֵת) v 15 (for אֱוַל K^{§§ 15 e); 38, 1 c)});— 1. go, go off, c. ל loc. Dn 2:17; 6:19, 20 Ezr 4:23 (+ עַל pers.), 5:8; go and say Dn 2:24, go (and) put Ezr 5:15.

אזן (√ of following; BH II. אזן, מאֹזְנַיִם).

† מֹאזַנְיָא (Baer Gi Str) n.m.emph. scale, balance (cf.also Mand. מוזאניא Nö^{M 148}, Egyptian Aramaic מוזנא S-C ^{G 24}, Chr-Pal. ܡܘܙܢܝܐ Schulth^{Lex. 5} Nö^{BSW 56} Jacob^{ZAW xxii (1902), 90});—Dn 5:27 (van d. H. du. emph. מאֹזְנַיָּא, v. K^{§ 51, 1, Anm.} M ^33*).

אחד (√ of following; v. BH אֶחָד).

† חַד adj. one, a;—ms. ח׳ Dn 2:31 +; fs. חֲדָה Ezr 4:8 +;—

1. one side Dn 7:5; n. om. 6:3; חֲדָה 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה v 35 as one, altogether (so S-C^{K 3} 𝔗, and late BH כְּאֶחָד Ezr 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year 7:1; Ezr 5:13; 6:3; ח׳ = a certain one (τινὰ) Dn 7:16 (c. מִן partit.).

2. a (indef. art.) c. subst. Dn 2:31; 6:18; 4:16 (v. שָׁעָה), Ezr 4:8; 6:2, חַד שִׁבְעָה Dn 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Nö^{§ 241} PS ¹¹⁹⁴; cf.Ex 16:5 𝔖), v. K^{§ 66, 2}.

אחה (assumed as √ of foll.; cf.BH אָח p. 26).

† [אַח] n.m. brother;—pl. sf. אחיך Kt (? יִךְ—ַ֫ K^{§ 53, 2, Anm. b)}), אֶחָךְ Qr (K^{§ 63}) Ezr 7:18 thy brethren, i.e. fellows, associates.

[אַחֲוָיָה] v. [חוה].

[אֲחִידָה] v. חוד.

† אַחְמְתָא (orig. -תָן or -תָנָא Nö in Streck^{ZA 15, 368}) n.pr.loc. Ecbatana, Ezr 6:2; capital of Media, captured by Cyrus (b.c. 550), and then summer residence of Pers. kings; mod. همذان Hamaḏân, Spieg²⁴⁴ Margoliouth ^{Hast. DB Achmetha}, especially Brugsch ^{Reise n. Persien (1862), i. 360–392} (OMed. Agmatana Dl ^{Calwer Bib. Lex.}; OPers. Hañgmatâna (= place of assembling) Spieg^l.c., Bab. Agam(a)tanu Beh ⁶⁰, Bez ^{p. 26}, etc.; Ἀγβάτανα Herod ^{i. 98}; 𝔊 Ἐκβατανα 2 Macc 9:3 +; Mey^{Gesch. d. Alt. i. § 485} Streck ^{l, c. 367 f.}).

† [אחר] pl. c. אַחֲרֵי, prep. after (Cappad. and Egyptian Aramaic אחר afterwards (Lzb^{Eph. i. 361} S-C^{Pap. C 8}), prob. Nab. אחר after (Lzb²¹² SAC ¹⁶); Egyptian Aramaic אחריכם (S-C^{Pap. C 8 +}); 𝔗 (sometimes) אֲחוֹרֵי; BH אַחַר);—אַחֲרֵי דְנָה after this Dn 2:29, 45; c. sf. אַחֲרֵיהֹן 7:24. Usually Aramaic syn. בָּאתַר, q.v.

† אָחֳרִי adj.f. another: v. אָחֳרָן.

† אחרין Dn 4:5 Kt, וְעַד אחרין עַל קֳדָמַי דָּנִיֵּאל; very dub. (v. Comm.); usually and unto the last (= at last) came in, etc.; but word in this sense unknown: Qr אָחֳרָן; read perhaps (Bev) וְעֹד אָחֳרָן (or? Kt אַחֲרִין; cf.ܐ݈ܚܪܺܝܢ) and yet another came in before me.

† אַחֲרִית n.f.cstr. end (Hebraism; so (cf.Jacob^{ZAW, 1902, 84–6}) Chr-Pal., Schulth ⁶);—Dn 2:28 בְּא׳ יוֹמַיָּא (from BH בְּא׳ הַיָּמִים p. 31 ^a).

† אָחֳרָן adj.m. another (Egyptian Aramaic אחרן S-C^{D 11 +}; Nab.Palm. id. (Lzb ²¹²); 𝔗 אוּחְרַן; cf.Syriac ܐ݈ܚܪܺܝܢ );—Dn 2:11, 44; 3:29; 4:5 Kt 5:17; 7:24. The f. in use is אָחֳרִי (Egyptian Aramaic אחרה, RÉS ²⁴⁶; 𝔗 Talm. אוֹחְרִי (D^{§ 20. 5}); cf.K^{§ 61. 5} M^{§ 87 d} Nö ^{Beitr. 51}), Dn 2:39 מַלְכוּ א׳, v 39 7:5, 6, 8, 20.

† [אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִין] n.m.pl. satraps (BH -נִים; cf.M ^52* );—emph. -נַיָּא Dn 3:2, 3, 27; 6:2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8.

אֲחֵת Ezr 5:15 v. נְחַת.

אִילָן v. אול.

† [אֵימְתָן D^{§ 35, 1 θ}] adj. terrible (𝔗 אֵימְתָן, from אֵימְתָא = BH אֵימָה, q.v., √ אים);—fs. abs. אֵימְתָנִי (K^{§61, 5)}) Dn 7:7 (on form v. Prät^{ZMG lvi (1902), 156} Nö ^{BSSW 51, Anm. 3}).

† אִיתַי (Baer אִתַי, except bef. sf., v. Baer Dn 2:10) part. there is, are … (proposes a subst. foll. by a gen., v. BH יֵשׁ: Egyptian Aramaic איתי RÉS ³⁶¹, S-C^Pap., Nab. איתי, Palm. אית, 𝔗 Talm. אִית (Dalm ^{§ 44, 4}), Syriac ܐܻܝܬ, Sam. ࠀࠉࠕ, Mand. אִית, עית (Nö^{M §§ 213, 272}): v. further BH יֵשׁ);—אִיתַי Dn 2:10, sf. אִיתָיךְ 2:26 Kt (Qr אִיתָךְ K^{§ 53, 2 b}), אִית֫וֹהִי 2:11, איתינא Kt (i.e. prob. איתַ֫יְנָא: K^l.c.), Qr אִיתָ֫נָא 3:18, אִיתֵיכוֹן v 14, 15;—there is (are) …, abs. Dn 2:28 אִיתַי אֱלָהּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא there is a God in heaven, v 30 not by wisdom דִּי־אִיתַי בִּי that is in me, 3:12; 5:11; sq. ptcp. or adj. 2:26 הַאִיתָיךְ כָּהֵל art thou able …? 3:15, 17; sq. דִּי, Ezr 5:17 הֵן אִיתַי דִּי if it is that … With neg. לָא אִיתַי (so S-C^{D 10 +}; 𝔗 Syriac Mand. לַיִת, ܠܰܝܬ, Zenj. sf. לישה (Cooke ¹⁸⁴); cf.sub BH יֵשׁ) Dn 2:10 לָא אִיתַי אֱנָשׁ דִּי …, 3:29; 4:32; after the subj. 2:11 a; 3:25 וַחֲבָל לָא א׳ בְּהוֹן, Ezr 4:16; sq. ptcp. or adj. Dn 3:14, 18; with pleon. sf., 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֹן עִם־בִּשְׂרָא לָא אִיתוֹהִי.

† [אֲכַל] vb. eat, devour (BH);—

Pe. Pf. 3 mpl. אֲכַ֫לוּ Dn 3:8; 6:25; Impf. 3 ms. יֵאכֻל 4:30; 3 fs. תֵּאכֻל 7:23; Imv. fs. אֲכֻ֫לִי v 5; Pt. fs. אָֽכְלָה v 7, 19;— 1. eat, of beast, Dn 4:30 (acc. rei). 2. devour, of beast in vision, 7:5 (acc. rei), abs. v 7, 19; hence fig. of kingdom, devour, devastate, v 23 (acc. of earth). 3. in phr. א׳ קַרְצֵיהוֹן 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, cf.6:25 (v. קְרַץ).

† אַל adv. of prohibition, do not …, let not …, sq. impf. (= BH I. אַל; Zenj. אל (Had ^22.23.29) Cooke ^{160 f.}; cf.Pehlevi (Nö^{GGA, 1884, 1016}); not 𝔗 Syriac);—Dn 2:24 אַל־תְּהוֹבֵד, 4:16; 5:10.

† אֵל demonstr.pron.pl. these (v. אֵלֶּה infr.), Ezr 5:15 Qr (Kt אֵלֶּה).

אֱלָהּ₉₄ n.m. god, God (= BH אֱלֹהַּ (p. 43), v. also √ I. אלה p. 41);—א׳ abs. Dn 2:28 +, cstr. v 18 +; emph. אֱלָהָא v 20 +; sf. אֱלָהִי 6:23, -הָךְ Ezr 9:14 +, -הֵהּ Dn 6:6 +, -הֲהֹם Ezr 5:5; 7:16, -הֲהוֹן Dn 3:28^(×2), 29, -הֲכֹם Ezr 7:17, etc.; pl. abs. אֱלָהִין Dn 2:11 +, emph. -הַיָּא Je 10:11, cstr. -הֵי Dn 5:4, 23, sf. -הַי 3:14, etc. [c. pref. לֵאלָהָא Dn 5:23, לֵאלָהָ֯יךְ 3:14, etc.; but not in sg. abs. or cstr., e.g. לֶאֱלָהּ Ezr 5:12, etc.];—

1. god, in gen. Dn 6:8, 13; heathen deities Je 10:11 Dn 2:11; 3:15 + 15 times Dn (made of gold, etc. 5:4, 23), + בַּר־אֱלָהִין 3:25 (v. בַּר).

2. ₇₃ God (of Isr.), Dn 2:28 Ezr 5:2 +; phr. אֱלָהּ יִשׂ׳ Ezr 5:1; 6:14; 7:15; א׳ יְרוּשְׁלֵם 7:19; א׳ אֲבָהָתַי Dn 2:23; א׳ שְׁמַיָּא Ezr 5:11 (+ וְאַרְעָא), v 12 6:9, 10 Dn 2:18, 19 + 6 times (v. שְׁמַיִם 2 a); א׳ רַב Dn 2:45; א׳ אֱלָהִין v 47; אֱלָהָא עִלָּיָא 3:26, 32; 5:18, 21; א׳ הַיָּא 6:21, 27; also בֵּית אֱלָהָא 5:3 Ezr 4:24; 5:2 + 16 times Ezr; עֲבִידַת א׳ Ezr 6:18.

† אֵלֶּה demonstr.pron.pl. these (Nab. אלה (Lzb ²⁶⁴ Cooke ²⁴¹), Cappad. and Egyptian Aramaic אלה (Lzb^{Eph. i. 323} RÉS ^{361 A 3} S-C^{Pap. E 13, K 13}): prob. therefore not, as used to be supposed, a Hebraism, but a peculiarity of the dialects of Je 10:11 and of Ezr (in which the usually Aramaic form אִלֵּין does not occur): v. further אִלֵּין);—these, Je 10:11 Ezr 5:15 Kt.

† אֲלוּ interj. lo! (der. uncertain: usually regarded as by-form of אֲרוּ, q.v.; cf.Egyptian Aramaic הלו, Cooke ^{No. 73}, RÉS ^{492 B} = S-C ^{M b});—וַאֲלוּ Dn 2:31 חָזֵי הֲוַיְתָ וַאֲלוּ, 4:7, 10; 7:8, always in description of a vision.

† אִלֵּין (אִלֵּן Dn 2:44; 6:7) demonstr.pron.pl. these (pl. of דְּנָה, q.v.: Palm. אלן (Lzb^{264 Eph. i. 343. 345} Cooke ²⁶); 𝔗 אילין; Mand. עלין (Nö^{M 89 f.}); Talm. (with emph. hâ prefixed, W^{CG 109}) הָאִלֵּין: v. further sub BH אֵלֶּה, and add Egyptian Aramaic אלו Cooke ²⁶);—these, only Dn: Dn 2:40 דִּי מְרָעַע כָּל־ אִלֵּין, v 44 כָּל־אִלֵּן מַלְכְוָתָא, 6:3 אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּא אִלֵּין (so v 7), 7:17 אִלֵּין חֵיוָתָא.

† אִלֵּךְ demonstr.pron.pl. these (pl. of דֵּךְ, q.v.: Egyptian Aramaic אלך (Cooke ²⁰⁷ RÉS^{361 B} S-C^{Pap. E 6 +}): with hâ prefixed, OSyr. ܗܠܘܟ, f. ܗܠܝܟ, Nö^{§ 67, M § 82} Burkitt ^{Evang. da-Mepharreshe ii. 42}, Chr-Pal. ܗܠܝܟ (m. and f.) Schw^{Idiot. 24}; cf.Arabic أُولَاكَ, Ethiopic እልኩ Di ^{Lex. 1057}: the demonst. affix ך as in דֵּךְ, ذَاك, etc.; W^{CG 110});—these, גֻּבְרַיָּא אִלֵּךְ these men, Dn 3:12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 27; 6:6, 12, 16, 25 Ezr 4:21; 6:8b; also Ezr 5:9; 6:8a.

† אֲלַ֑ף n.m. 1,000 (= BH II. אֶ֫לֶף);—abs. א׳ (n. pers. precedes) Dn 5:1; n. om., emph. אַלְפָּא v 1 the thousand (just mentioned); cstr. + pl. abs. אֶ֫לֶף אֲלָפִ֯ים Dn 7:10 a thousand thousands (< Qr אַלְפִין K^{§ 51, 2}).

† [אַמָּה K^{§ 51, 2, Anm. 2}] n.f. ^{Dn 3:1} cubit (= BH id.; v. p. 52; Egyptian Aramaic (pl.) אמן RÉS²⁴⁶ S-C ^{C 44});—pl. אַמִּין (so 𝔗 Syriac) Dn 3:1^(×2); Ezr 6:3^(×2).

† אֻמָּה n.f. nation (BH id., late);—abs. א׳ Dn 3:29; pl. emph. אֻמַּיָּא 3:4, 7, 31; 5:19; 6:26; 7:14; Ezr 4:10.

† [אֲמַן] vb.

Haph. trust (BH);—Pf. 3 ms. הֵימִן בֵּאלָהֵהּ Dn 6:24; Pt. pass. מְהֵימַן trusty, trustworthy, of pers. 6:5, interpretation 2:45.

אֲמַר₇₁ vb. say, tell, command (BH אָמַר);—

Pe. Pf. 3 ms. א׳ Dn 2:12 +, אֲמַ֑ר 7:1; 3 fs. אֲמֶ֫רֶת 5:10 (K^{§ 38, 1 a)}); i s. אַמְרֵת 4:5; 1 pl. אֲמַ֫רְנָא Ezr 5:4, 9; Impf. 3 ms. יֵאמַר (K^{§ 41}) Dn 2:7 +; 2 mpl. תֵּאמִרוּן Je 10:11, etc.; Imv. ms. אֱמַר Dn 2:4 +; mpl. אֱמַ֫רוּ 2:9; Inf. לְמֵאמַר v 9, לְמֵמַ֑ר Ezr 5:11 (K^{§ 41 a}); Pt. אָמַר Dn 2:5 + often, pl. אָֽמְרִין 3:4; Ezr 5:3 +;— 1. say (often in phr. answer and say): sq. orat. rect. (only), Dn 2:7, 10 + 13 times Dn, Ezr 5:11; + ל pers. Dn 2:5; 3:14 + 14 times Dn [pl. c. indef. subj. for pass. 4:28], Ezr 5:15; + קֳדָם pers. Dn 2:9; 5:17; 6:13, 14; + כֵּן 4:11; 7:23, כֵּן c. ל pers. Ezr 5:3; Dn 2:24, 25; 6:7, cf.7:5; + כְּנֵמָא c. ל pers. Ezr 5:4, 9; + כִּדְנָה c. ל pers. Je 10:11; sq. acc. rei + עַל pers. against whom Dn 3:29. 2. relate, tell: sq. acc. rei Dn 4:6, 15; 7:1, + ל pers. 2:4, 9, 7; 7:16 (acc. rei om.), + קֳדָם pers. 2:36; 4:4, 5. 3. command: sq. inf. 2:12, 46 + 6 times Dn; sq. vb. fin. 5:29; 6:17, 25; sq. ל pers. + or. rect. 3:4 [pl. c. indef. subj., for pass., K^{§ 76 e}, so 4:23].

† מֵאמַר n.[m.] word;—cstr. Dn 4:14; Ezr 6:9.

† [אִמַּר] n.m. lamb (Assyrian immeru (also = child; immertu, girl; conj. as to etym. Dl^{Prol. 28} Jen^{ZMG xliii (1889), 203; ZA vii. 216} Schwally^{Idiot. 114}), 𝔗 אִמְּרָא; Syriac ܐܶܡܪܳܐ, Pun. אמר, Palm. pl. emph. אמריא Lzb ²²⁰ Cooke ^{Inscr. 120. 337}; Arabic أَمَّرٌ (loan-word? cf.Frä ¹⁰⁷, but also DHM^{VOJ i. 24}));—pl. אִמְּרִין, lambs, as sacrif. victims Ezr 6:9, 17; 7:17.

אֶמְתָ֗נִי (Norzi) v. אֵימְתָן.

† אֲנָא Dn 2:8; Ezr 6:12; 7:21 in common edd.: v. אֲנָה.

אִנְבֵּהּ v. אֵב.

אִנְדַּע v. יְדַע.

† אֲנָה pr. 1 s. i (= Heb. אֲנִי, q.v.: Zenj. Cilic. Egyptian Aramaic אנה (Cooke ^{182. 194. 202}; S-C^often), Nab … נה (Lzb ²²¹); 𝔗 אנא, Syriac ܐܶܢܳܐ );—I, Dn 2:30; 4:6, 27; 5:16, before a ptcp. 3:25; 4:34, after a ptcp. (K^{§ 76, 2 b}) 2:8 מִן־יַצִּיב יָדַע אֲנָה, v 23 4:4; sq. a n.pr. 4:1 אֲנָה נבוכדנצר שְׁלֵה הֲוֵית, v 15, 34; 7:15; Ezr 6:12; 7:21, as nom. pendens, Dn 4:31; 7:28; emphasizing a sf. (K^{§ 87, 3}) 7:15; Ezr 7:21 (cf.S-C ^{B 8, J 12, K 3. 5}).

† אִנּוּן pr. 3 mpl. they, those (pl. of הוּא: 𝔗 אִינּוּן, f. אִינִּין, e.g. Gn 3:7; 6:2; Syriac ܗܶܢܽܘܢ, ܐܶܢܽܘܢ, f. ܗܶܢܶܝܢ, ܐܶܢܶܝܢ; Talm. אִינְהוֹ, אִינְהֵי (for אִינְהוֹן, אִינְהֵין); Mand. הינון, הינין;—all from הוֹן, הֵן, with demonstr. syll. אן, הן ‘lo,’ prefixed, W^{CG 98, 106} Nö^{M 86});—they, those, Dn 2:44 מַלְכַיָּא אִנּוּן those kings, 6:25 as accus. רְמוֹ אִנּוּן, 7:17 Kt דִּי אִנּוּן אַרְבַּע (Qr f. אִנִּין) which are four (Dr 1 S 10:19 K^{§ 87, 3}), Ezr 5:4 מָה אִנּוּן שְׁמָהָת … = what are the names …? (Dr^{§ 201, 3, Obs.}, K ^l.c.). cf.הוּא.

† אֲנַ֫חְנָא (Ezr 4:16 אֲנַ֫חְנָה) pr. 1 pl. we (Egyptian Aramaic RÉS³⁶¹ S-C^Pap. אנחנה; BH אֲנַחְנוּ; W^{CG 100 f.}), Dn 3:16, 17; Ezr 4:16 (after ptcp.), 5:11.

† אִנִּין they (f.) Dn 7:17 Qr: Kt אִנּוּן, q.v.

† [אֲנַס] vb. oppress (BH [late] constrain);—

Pe. Pt. אָנֵס לָ֑ךְ Dn 4:6.

† [אֲנַף, אַף K^{§ 55, 4}] n.m. only du. (Schulth^{ZAW xxii (1902), 164}) face (BH אַף, √ אנף; Aramaic of Têma אנפי SAC²³ Lzb ²²² Cooke ^{69, 1. 14}, so S-C ^{G 19} and (usually) 𝔗^J; אפין 𝔗 ^{Onk Jon}, ܐܰܦܺܝܢ Syriac Chr-Pal. (Schulth^{Lex. 13}); also אפי Palm. Lzb ²²² Cooke ^{p. 339}, Chr-Pal. c. prep. ܠܦܝ Schulth^{Lex. 14}, etc.);—pl. sf. 3 ms. אַנְפּ֫וֹהִי Dn 2:46; 3:19.

I. אנשׁ (√ of foll.; cf.BH II. אנשׁ, ii. אֱנוֹשׁ).

† אֱנָשׁ n.m. man, mankind;—abs. א׳ Dn 2:10 +; emph. אֲנָשָׁא v 38 +, so Qr 4:13, 14 (> Kt אנושׁא K^{§ 57 f}); so Nab. אנוש often Lzb ²²² Cooke ²¹⁹ SAC ²²): pl. אֲנָשִׁים 4:14 (Hebraism, M ^53* proposes אֲנָשָׁא);—

1. man, human being, Dn 2:10; 3:10; 4:13; 5:5, 7^(×2); 6:13^(×2); 7:4^(×2), 8; Ezr 6:11; so בַּר־אֱנָשׁ Dn 7:13 a son of man, human being (v. especially Dr Dn 102; DB^{Son of Man}).

2. coll. men, people, Ezr 4:11; Dn 4:14 a. 22^(×2), 29^(×2), 30; 5:21, cf.pl. 4:14; זְרַע א׳ 2:43 i.e. human off-spring; בְּנֵי אֲנָשָׁא sons of men, = men, 2:38; 5:21.

II. אנשׁ (√ of foll.; BH III. אנשׁ, אִשָּׁה).

† [נְשִׁין] n.f.pl. wives (so Zinj. (Cooke ^{62. 8}) cstr. נשי, 𝔗 נְשִׁין, Syriac ܢܶܫܶܐ, Heb. נָשִׁים, Arabic نِسَآءٌ: on sing. v. BH אִשָּׁה, and add Aramaic of Nineveh cstr. אשת (CIS ^{i. 15}), and Egyptian Aramaic אנתה S-C^{Pap. D 10 +});—pl. sf. נְשֵׁיהוֹן Dn 6:25.

‡ אנתה Kt₁₄ (i.e. אַנְתָּה, peculiar to Biblical Aramaic; Qr אַנְתְּ) pr. 2 ms. thou (BH אַתָּה p. 61b; Cappad. and Egyptian Aramaic אנת (Lzb^{Eph. i. 67}; S-C ^{A 11 +}, f. אנתי ib. ^{D 9, 11, 26 +}), Nerab את (Cooke ^{186. 190}), Palm. אנת (ib. ³⁰⁸); 𝔗^O את, 𝔗^J אנת (D^{§ 16. 1}); Syriac ܐܰܝ݈ܬ );—thou, Dn 2:29, 31, 37, 38 etc., Ezr 7:25.

† אַנְתּוּן pr. 2 mpl. ye, you (BH אַתֶּם p. 61^b), Dn 2:8.

† אָֽסְנַפַּר n.pr.m. Asnappar, who transported peoples to Samaria Ezr 4:10; Ασενναφαρ, 𝔊L Σαλμανασσάρης; prob. = Assyrian kg. Ašurbanipal (b. c. 668–626), i.e. אס(רב)נפל, Gelzer ^{Äg. Zeitsch. 1875, 78} COT ^{ad loc.} Mey^{E. Jud. 29 f.} Zim^{KAT3. 351} Berthol ^{ad loc.} Ency. Bib.³⁴².

† אָסְפַּרְנָא adv. thoroughly, RV. with (all) diligence (Zend aspĕre, asperenõ, Pers. siparī, asperī, all complete, Castell [1669], Thes Haug ^{JBW 1853, 154} Lag^{Sem. i. 48} Andr^{Marti, Gl 53*} Scheft^{MGWJ 1903, 415 (correcting Arisches im AT. 73 f.)});—Ezr 5:8 א׳ מִתְעַבְדָא, 6:8, 12, 13; 7:17, 21, 26 (cf.Old Aramaic אספרן, on a weight, complete, correct: Lzb ²²³, Cooke ¹⁹³).

אסר (√ of foll.; BH [אָסַר] bind, אֵסוּר bond, אִסָּר binding obligation).

† אֱסוּר n.[m.] band, bond (𝔗 אֲסוּר, אֵיסוּר, Syriac ܐܶܣܳܪ, ܐܰܣܽܘܪ );—abs. א׳ Dn 4:12, 20 (of iron and bronze, for stump, in Neb.’s vision); pl. abs. אֱסוּרִין Ezr 7:26 bonds = imprisonment.

† אֱסָר n.m. interdict (as binding);—א׳ abs. Dn 6:8, 13, 16; cstr. v 13; emph. אֱסָרָא v 9, 10, 14.

† אָע n.m. ^{Ezr 5:8} wood (so 𝔗, for עָע; Egyptian Aramaic עק S-C ^H5; BH עֵץ, √ II. עצה);—

1. abs. א׳ timber, for building Ezr 5:8; 6:4; beam v 11.

2. emph. אָעָא wood, material of idols Dn 5:4, 23.

† אַף conj. also (BH אַף; Egyptian Aramaic, Palm. אף (S-C^Pap. Lzb ²²⁴); 𝔗 אַף, 𝔗^J also אוֹף; Syriac ܐܳܦ );—also, always וְאַף Dn 6:23; Ezr 5:10, 14; 6:5.

‡ † אֲפָֽרְסָיֵא (K^{§ 52, 2 d)}) n.pr.pl.gent. Ezr 4:9, 𝔅 Ἀφρασαῖοι, A Ἀφαρσαῖοι; Ges ^{Lex. Man.} Röd^{ThesAdd. 107} Hoffm^{ZA ii. 55} Mey^{Enst. J. 38} Persians; Dl ^Baer Ezr ix Scheft⁷⁵ Parsua (in Media) [v. Streck ^{ZA xv. 308 ff.}]; yet v. COT ^{ad loc.}); Marquart ⁶⁴ (א)סָֽפְרַיָּא secretaries (א dittogr. of preceding); often identif. with following, so Andr^{M 53*}.

‡ † אֲפָֽרְסְכָיֵא Ezr 5:6; 6:6 = (according to most)

‡ † אֲפָֽרְסַתְּכָיֵא 4:9, n.pr.pl.gent., so most hitherto, and still Mey^{Enst. J. 38 ff.} (Persians), but many moderns think official title (Hoffm^{ZA ii. 54} Marquart⁶⁴ Jen^{ThLZ. 1895, 509} Ency. Bib. ^{190 f.}; plausible explanations are: Andr^{M 53*} = Assyrian šuparšaḳ (v. Muss-Arnolt ^{Assyrian Dict. 1098} šāqū 3, general, id^{AJ Sem. Lang. xx (1904), 186 ff.}); Scheft⁷⁶ = OIran. aparasaraka, lesser ruler; id ^{MGWJ 47 (1903), 315 f.} expl. -תְּכָיֵא as OPers. aparaƟrãka, lesser governor).

† אַפְּתֹם or אַפְּתוֹם (so edd.: > Gi Baer [v. p. 102 f.] from MSS, אַפְּתֹס) Ezr 4:13 וְא׳ מַלְכִים תְּהַנְזִק; of uncertain meaning: Thes Haug ^{JBW 1853, 156} in the end (from Pehlevi afdom, Pers. فدام end); Scheft ⁷⁹ treasuries (from Zend pathmā, pl. of pathma, treasury, √ path, to fill up), will endamage the treasuries of kings.

[אֶצְבַּע] v. צבע.

אַרְבַּע v. רבע.

† [אַרְגְּוָן] n.m. purple, red-purple (BH id., אַרְגָּמָן);—emph. אַרְגְּוָנָא Dn 5:7, 16, 29.

ארה (√ of foll.; BH I. ארה, אַרְיֵה).

† אַרְיֵה n.m. Dn 6:25b lion;—abs. א׳ Dn 7:4 (sim.); pl. emph. אַרְיָוָתָא (D ¹⁵³) 6:8, 13, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25^(×2), 28.

† אֲרוּ interj. lo (of uncertain der.: only Biblical Aramaic (? Nab., v. CIS ^{ii. 186}); אֲלוּ, p. 1080, and NH הֲרֵי see! here ! Ab 3:4 al., are perhaps allied), וַאֲרוּ Dn 7:2 הָזֵי הֲרֵית … וַאֲרוּ, v 5, 6, 7, 13, always in description of a vision (cf.אֲלוּ).

† [אֹ֫רַח ? as 𝔗 Syriac] n.[m.?

אַרְיֵה v. ארה.

† אַרְיוֹךְ n.pr.m. in Bab. (BH id., cf.Dl ^Baer Dn ix);—Dn 2:14, 15^(×2), 24, 25; Αριωχ(ης).

† I. ארך (√ of foll.; BH [אָרַךְ, אָרֵךְ]).

† אַרְכָֿה (Baer Dn 4:24 K^{§ 54, 3. 2}) n.f. a lengthening, prolonging (𝔗);—of time Dn 4:24; 7:12.

II. ארך (√ of foll.; according to most, weakened from ערך (cf.BH) Be Ry Ezr 4:14; but אַרִיךְ loan-word from Pers. (OIranian) āryaka, worthy of an Aryan, Scheft ⁷⁹).

† אַרִיךְ adj.vb. fitting, proper (אַ׳ Baer K^{§ 16, 5} M-A^{§ 82, Anm. 2}; van d. H. Gi Str אֲרִיךְ, cf.D^{WB 39}; 𝔗 id.; orig. Pt. pass. K^{§ 57 b) r)});—Ezr 4:14.

אַרְכֻבָּתֵהּ Dn 5:6, v. ברך.

† אַרְכְּוָיֵ֯ n.pr.gent. people of Erech (BH אֶרֶךְ; so also Mey^{E. Jud. 40});—pl. emph. Ezr 4:9 (Qr אַרְכְּוָיֵא; cf.K^{§ 61, 6}).

[אֲרַע₂₁] n.[f.] earth (so 𝔗 Syriac; = BH אֶרֶץ, q.v.);—emph. אַרְעָא Dn 2:35, 39 + 16 times Dn, Ezr 5:11; Je 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D^{§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n}) = אֲרַע + א—ָ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּךְ Dn 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (cf.𝔗 אֲרַע מִן Ru 4:4);—Je 10:11a v. [אֲרַק].

† [אַרְעִי] n.f.denom. bottom (so 𝔗; cf.also 𝔗 אַרְעָאָה lower);—cstr. אַרְעִית Dn 6:25.

† [אֲרַק] n.[f.] earth (= [אֲרַע]; ארקא Egyptian Aramaic S-C^{Pap. B 15 + often} (sometimes also ארעא, as ib. ¹⁶), Ninev. and Bab. Aramaic Cooke ¹⁹², also Mand. Nö ^{M § 66}, Zinj., Lzb ²²⁷ Cooke ^{166 (cf. 183)}; ק = ע, as Zinj. מוקא = מוצא, רקי = רצה, Cooke ^{166, 185}; cf.K^{§ 7, 2 and Anm. 1} and reff., Cooke ¹⁸⁵ Nö^{ZMG xlvii (1893), 100; M § 66} Gunk ^{Schöpf. 18} Lzb ^{Eph. i. 223} SAC^{JQ, 1903–4, 273});—emph. אַרְקָא Je 10:11a.

† אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא n.pr.m. of king, Ezr 4:8, 11, 23; 6:14 = -שַׁסְתְּא 7:12, 21 (BH -שַׁשְׂתָּא; Egyptian Aramaic ארתחשסש RÉS ⁴³⁸, S-C ^B2+; v. also Andr ^{M 54*} Scheft ^{i. 79});—Αρσαρθα, Α(ρ)σαθαθα, Αρθασαθα; 𝔊L Αρταξερξης.

† [אֹשׁ K ^{§ 55, 5 c}] n.m. Ezr 6:3 foundation (prob. loan-word from Assyrian uššû, id., √ אשׁשׁ (v. BH), so Zim ^{KAT 3. 649}; 𝔗 f. אוּשָׁא, NH אוּשָׁה, Chr-Pal. ܐܘܫ, ܐܘܫܐ, Schulth^{Lex. 19}; Arabic أُسٌّ: Nö ^{M 99});—pl. emph. אֻשַּׁיָּא Ezr 4:12; 5:16; sf. אֻשֹּׁהִי 6:3.

† אֶשָּׁא n.[f.] fire (BH אֵשׁ; K ^{§ 55, 5. 2 b} thinks emph. from onomatop. √ אשׁשׁ; D ¹⁶¹ Buhl √ אשׁא, cf.𝔗 אִישָּׁא, אִישָּׁתָא, Syriac ܐܶܫܳܬܳܐ );—Dn 7:11.

אֻשֹּׁהִי, אֻשַּׁיָּא v. [אֹשׁ].

† אָשַׁף (K ^{§ 58 a}) n.m. conjurer, enchanter (prob. Bab. loan-word; so BH אַשָּׁף);—abs. א׳ Dn 2:10; pl. abs. אָֽשְׁפִין v 27; 5:11, emph. אָֽשְׁפַיָּא 4:4; 5:7, 15.

‡ † אֻשַּׁרְנָא n.m. meaning and √ dub. (K ^{§ 62} Buhl ¹⁴);—‖ בַּיְתָא Ezr 5:3, 9; most wall (𝔖𝔙 walls); M ^55* cp. Assyrian ašurrû, wall, but?; Hpt in Gu Ezr ^{pp. 34. 63} thinks = [aširânâ] from Assyrian ašru, sanctuary; pointed by Mas. as if = אֻשַּׁיָּא (4:12; 5:16); other conj. Marquart ⁴⁴ Scheft ^{79 f.}.

אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר v. שׁדר.

אִשְׁתִּיו v. [שְׁתָה].

† אֲתָה, אֲתָא vb. come (BH poet. אָתָה; Palm. אתי Haph. Lzb²³⁰, Chr-Pal. ܐܬܐ Schulth ^Lex.);—

Pe. Pf. 3 ms. אֲתָה Ezr 5:3; Dn 7:22; א—ָ Ezr 5:16; 3 mpl. אֲתוֹ 4:12; Imv. mpl. (וֶ)אֱתוֹ Dn 3:26; Inf. לְמֵתֵה (K ^{§ 41 c)}) v 2; Pt. אָתֵה 7:13;—come, c. עַל pers. Ezr 4:12 (+ ל loc.), 5:3; c. ל rei Dn 3:2; abs. v 26; 7:13, 22; sq. vb. fin. act. Ezr 5:16.

Haph. bring: Pf. 3 ms. הַיְתִי (K ^l.c.), Dn 5:13 (acc. pers. + מִן loc.); 3 mpl. הַיְתִיו, acc. rei 5:3, so (ל acc.) v 23 (+ קֳדָם pers.), 6:17 (ל acc. pers.), v 25 (acc. pers.); Inf. לְהַיְתָיָה (so Egyptian Aramaic RÉS ^{361 C}) 3:13 (ל acc. pers.), 5:2 (ל acc. rei).

Hêphal (pass., K ^l.c.) be brought: Pf. 3 fs. הֵיתַ֫יִת (K ^{§ 47, Beisp. 6}, W ^{CG 225}) subj. rei Dn 6:18; 3 mpl. הֵיתַ֫יוּ subj. pers. 3:13 (+ קֳדָם pers.).

אָת v. אוה.

† אַתּוּן n.m. ^{Dn 3:19} (prob. f. v. 26) furnace (prob. loan-word from Assyrian utûnu, atûnu, id. [also TelAm.], DHM ^{VOJ i. 23} Buhl; Syriac ܐܰܬܘܿܢܳܐ, hence Arabic أَتُّونٌ as loan-word Frä ²⁶; Ethiopic እቶን Di⁷⁶³; conj. on etym. in K ^{§ 59 Anm.} Lag ^{BN 111});—cstr. א׳ Dn 3:6, 11, 15, 17, 20, 21, 23, 26; emph. אַתּוּנָא 3:19, 22.

אִתַי v. אִיתַי.

† אֲתַר n.m. place (so Egyptian Aramaic, Nab., Palm.; 𝔗; Syriac ܐܰܬܰܪ place; Zinj. אשר Lzb ^{229 f.}; Arabic إِثْرٌ footstep; cf.Heb. אֲשׁוּר, and sub אֲשֶׁר);—place:

a. Dn 2:35 וְכָל־אֲתַר לָא־הִשְׁתְּכַח לְהוֹן, Ezr 5:15 וּבֵית אֱלָהָא יִתְבְּנֵא עַל־אַתְרֵהּ, 6:3, 5, 7. Hence

b. בָּאתַר (Dn 7:6 Baer בָּתַר) after (lit. in the track of: so Zinj. באשר (Cooke ^{160 f., 170}), Palm. 𝔗 בָּתַר, Syriac ܒܳܬܰܪ ), בָּאתַר דְּנָה after this, Dn 7:6, 7, sf. Dn 2:39 וּבָֽתְרָךְ and after thee.

אַתַּ֫רוּ v. נתר.