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712

ע, ï‘ Ayin, sixteenth letter; used as numeral 70 in postB. Heb.

עבב (√ of foll., cf. Kö:ii. 1, 40; meaning unknown).

† I. עָב, [עֹב] n. m. archit. term, meaning unknown; projecting roof is conjectured (Sm Co Berthol); others landing (Da); AV RV thick beam or plank, RVm threshold; Benz Kit Toy leave untranslated; in any case a structure of wood;—abs. וְעַמֻּדִים וְעָב 1 K 7:6; appar. cstr. וְעָב עֵץ אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאוּלָם מֵהַחוּץ Ez 41:25; pl. (si vera l.) הָעֻבִּים v:26.

II. עָב v. עוּב. p. 728

עָבַד:290 vb. work, serve (OAram. עבד do make, esp. Nab. Palm. (oft.), Lzb:331 f. Cook:86, so Targum עֲבַד, Syr. (very oft.); but also OAram. Ph. עבד slave, vassal (and in many n. pr.), Targum עַבְדָּא, Syr. ܥܣܰܒܕܳܐ id.; As. abdu, id. (rare); NH עָבַד serve, performs acts of worship (c. acc. cogn.), and deriv.; Ar. عَبَدَ worship, obey (God); cf. We:Skizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141, II. enslave; عَبْدُ slave, worshiper; Sab. עבד id. DHM:Südar. Alt. p. 18; Gerber:Verb. Denom. 14 ff. thinks be slave, serve (Qal) and enslave (Hiph.) are denom., cf. also Nö:ZMG xl (1886), 741);—Qal:272 Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Ez 29:18 +; sf. עֲבָדוֹ Mal 3:18 +; 3 mpl. עָֽבְדוּ Dt 7:4; עָבָָדוּ Nu 4:26, + 64 t. Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹד Gn 25:23 +; sf. יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Ex 4:23; יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ Ps 22:31, 2 K 10:18; 3 mpl. יַעַבְדוּ Dt 12:30 +; יַעֲבָֹדוּ Gn 15:14 (Dr:§ 103) Jb 36:11; 2 mpl. תַּעַבְדוּן Ex 3:12, תַּעֲבֹדָוּן Jos 24:15, + 99 t. Impf.; (תָּעָבְדֵם, נָֽעָבְדֵם v. Hoph.); Imv. עֲבֹד 1 S 26:19; sf. עָבְדֵהוּ 1 Ch 28:9; עִבְדוּ Ex 5:18 + 15 t.; עֲבָֹדוּ Ez 20:39; sf. עִבְדֻהוּ 1 S 7:3; Inf. cstr. עֲבֹד Mal 3:14 +; עֲבָד־ Je 34:9, 34:10; sf. עָבְדוֹ Je 27:6 +, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵד Gn 4:2 +; pl. עֹבְדִים Nu 18:21 +; cstr. עֹבְדֵי Ps 97:7 +; sf. עֹבְדָיו 2 K 10:19; עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zc 2:13; —†

1. labour, work, do work: abs. Ex 20:9 = 34:21 = Dt 5:13 (4th word); Ex 5:18 (E) Ec 5:11; c. acc. rei, till the ground Gn 2:5, 3:23, 4:2, 4:12 (J), 2 S 9:10, Is 30:24, Je 27:11, Zc 13:5, Pr 12:11, 28:19 obj. om. Dt 15:19, Ez 48:19; vineyard Dt 28:39; garden Gn 2:16 (J); עֹבְרֵי פִשְׁתִּים Is 19:9 workers in flax; (י)עֹבְדֵ הָעִיר Ez 48:18, 48:19 labourers of the city; עֲבֹדָתוֹ ע׳ Is 28:21 work his work (only here of God, ‖עשׂה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); עבדה על ע׳ Ez 29:18 serve a military service against. †

2. work for another, serve him by labour: abs. Ex 21:2 (E); c. acc. pers Gn 29:15, 31:6, Ex 21:6 (E) Dt 15:12, 15:18, Mal 3:17, Je 34:14, king his people 1 K 12:7; subj. animals Je 27:6, Jb 39:9; c.acc. pers. et rei Gn 30:26, 30:26, 30:29 (J); c. לְ pers. 2 S 16:19; עִם Gn 29:25, 29:30 (E) Lv 25:40 (P); עִמָּדִי Gn 29:27 (E); לִפְנֵי 2 S 16:19, 16:19; c. בְּ of price Gn 29:18, 29:20, 29:25, 31:41, (E) Ho 12:13, Ez 29:20; c. בְּ pers.work by means of another, use him as slave, Ex 1:14, Lv 25:39, 25:46, (P) Je 22:13, 34:9, 34:10.

3. serve as subjects: usu. c. acc., their own chiefs or kings Ju 9:28, 9:28, 9:38, 1 S 11:1, 1 K 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute Ps 18:44 = 2 S 22:44, Je 27:7, 28:14, 2 K 25:24 +, other nations 2 S 10:19, Je 40:9, Zc 2:13 +, kings other kings 2 K 18:7 +, c. לְ, 1 S 4:9, 4:9; † מַס עֹבֵד Gn 49:15 (J) Jos 16:10, 1 K 9:21 (see מַס); † c. בְּ pers., work with, i.e. use as subjects, impose tribute upon, Je 25:14, 27:7, 30:8, Ez 34:27.

4. serve God: a. c. acc. י׳, Ex 3:12, 4:23, 7:16, 7:26 (JE), Ps 22:31, Jb 21:15, Mal 3:14 +; c. acc. pers. et rei Ex 10:26 (E); acc. pers. om., Je 2:20 (rd. אֶעֱבוֹד Kt), עבד זבח ומנחה Is 19:21 serve with peace-offering and grain-offering; עבד עֲבֹדָה Ex 13:5 (of מַצֹּת). b. other gods, c. acc. א׳Dt 7:16, 12:2, 12:30 †; אלהים אחרים 7:4, 8:19, 11:16, 13:7, 13:14, 17:3, 28:14, 28:36, 28:64, 29:25, 30:17, 31:20, Jos 23:16, 24:2, 24:16, Ju 2:10, 10:13, 1 S 8:8, 26:19, 1 K 9:6, 9:9, 2 K 17:35, 2 Ch 7:19, 7:22, Je 11:10, 13:10, 16:11, 16:13, 22:9, 25:6, 35:15 (all D and Je); אֱלֽהֵי הַגּוֹיִם Dt 29:17; זָרִים Je 5:19; † כל חבא השׁמים Dt 4:19, 2 K 21:3, 2 Ch 33:3, Je 8:2; † (ים)הבעל Ju 2:11, 3:7, 10:6, 10:10, 1 S 12:10, 1 K 16:31, 22:54, 2 K 10:18, 10:18, 10:19, 10:19, 10:21, 10:22, 10:23, 10:23, 17:16; † אלהי נֵכָר Jos 24:20, Je 5:19; † גִּלּוּלִים(הַ) 2 K 17:12, 21:21, 21:21, Ez 20:39; † האשׁרים 2 Ch 24:18; עחבים Ps 106:36; † (ים)פסיל 2 Ch 33:22, 2 K 17:41; פסל † Psalm 97:7; c. לְ, † לבעל Ju 2:13; † לאלהים אחרים Je 44:3.

5. serve י׳ with Levilical service (all P; cf. RS:Sem i. 69): c. acc. עבד עֲבֹדָה (v. עֲבֹדָה) Nu 3:7, 3:8, 4:23, 4:30, 4:47, 7:5, 8:11, 8:19, 8:22, 8:26, 16:9, 18:6, 18:21, 18:23, Jos 22:27; acc. om. Nu 4:24, 4:26, 4:37, 4:41, 8:15 (but Sam LXX עבדה), v:25, 18:7. † Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶעְבָָּד Ec 5:8; 2 mpl. נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Ez 36:9; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָבֵד Dt 21:4; 3 fs. תֵּעָבֵד Ez 36:34; —1. be tilled, of land Dt 21:4, Ez 36:9, 36:34. 2. Ec 5:8 מֶלֶךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעְבָָּד dub.: a king for (devoted to) the cultivated field (Hi); a king that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), De:v. Comm., esp. De. † Pual Pf. 3 ms. עֻבַּד Dt 21:3, Is 14:3; pass. of Qal, c. בְּ impers. Dt 21:3 of a calf with which it has not been worked; hard service with which it was worked with captives Is 14:3. † Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיד Ez 29:18; 2 ms. sf. הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Is 43:24, הֶעֱבַדְתִּיְ v:23, וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיְ Je 17:4; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵד 2 Ch 34:33; 3 mpl. יַעֲבִדוּ Ex 1:13; Inf. cstr. הַעֲבִיד 2 Ch 2:17; Pt. pl. מַעֲבִדִים Ex 6:15; —1. compel to labour as slaves Ex 1:13, 6:5 (P) 2 Ch 2:17, + Gn 47:21 (reading הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים), 2 S 12:31 (reading וְהֶעֱבִיד + בְּ at; on both these v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.); cause to serve, of army's service against, c. acc. + אל(על) Ez 29:18; cause to labour, weary, c. בְּ of means Is 43:23, 43:24 (perh. play on meanings 2, 3). 2. make to serve as subjects, c. 2 acc. Je 17:4, + Je 15:14 (rd. וְהַעֲבַרְתִּיְ v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.). 3. cause to serve God 2 Ch 34:33. Hoph. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תָּֽעָבְדֵם Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9, Ex 23:24; 1 pl. sf. נָֽעָבְדֵם Dt 13:3 (Kö:i. 259 Sta:§ 549 g Thes; < Nes:Marg. 12 f. Qal anom. pointed (cf. W:AG. ed. 2, i, 62 n. Fl:Kl. Schr. i. 98); Ges:§ 60 R. 1 Dr Qal falsely pointed as Hoph.);—be led or enticed to serve other gods Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9, Ex 23:24, Dt 13:8.

713

I. עֶ֫בֶד:799 n. m. slave, servant (on format. Lag:BN 77);—ע׳ Gn 9:25 +, עָָבֶד 44:10 +; sf. עַבְדִּי 26:24 +; עַבְדְְּ 19:19 +; עַבְדְֶּ֫ 18:3 +; pl. עֲבָדִים 9:25 +, עַבְדֵי 21:25 +, sf. עֲבָדַי Lv 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Jos 9:11 +, etc.;—

1. slave, servant of household Gn 39:17, 39:19, 41:12, 50:2, Ex 21:2 +; man-servant, ‖אמה Ex 20:10, Lv 25:6, Dt 5:14, Jb 31:13 +; ‖שׁפחה Gn 12:16, 32:6, Je 34:11, Is 14:2 +; + אדון Dt 23:16, Is 24:2, Mal 1:6 +; מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Ex 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Je 2:14; עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Gn 9:25; † בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, esp. Israel in Egypt Ex 13:3, 13:14 (D ?) Dt 5:6, 6:12, 7:8, 8:14, 13:6, 13:11, Jos 24:17, Ju 6:8, Je 34:13, Mi 6:4; † וזכרת כי עבד היית מחרים (ארץ)ב and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Dt 5:15, 15:15, 16:12, 24:18, 24:22; king of Babylon is slave to י׳ Je 25:9, 27:6, 43:10; the borrower to the lender Pr 22:7; fig. of beast Jb 40:28; of things Gn 47:19.

2. Subjects, of chief Gn 26:15, 26:19, 26:25, 26:32, 27:37, 32:17, 32:17 +; of king 21:25, Ex 7:28, 7:29, 1 K 9:27, Dt 29:1 +; vassal kings 2 S 10:19; tributary nations 8:2, 8:6, 8:14 = 1 Ch 18:2, 18:6, 18:13; specif. officers of king 1 S 19:1, 21:8, 2 S 11:13, Pr 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Gn 40:20, 41:10; שָׁאוּל ע׳ 1 S 16:17, 18:22, 28:7; הַמֶּלֶךְ ע׳ 1 K 1:47, Est 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 K 22:12 = 2 Ch 34:20 (a court offical); opp. שַׂר Pr 19:10, Ec 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Pr 30:22; ambassadors Nu 22:18, 2 S 10:2; soldiers of army 1 S 17:8, 25:10, 2 S 2:12, + officers of army 1 S 29:3, 1 K 11:26, 2 K 25:8, Is 36:9.

3. Servants, worshippers, of God: † עַבְדֵי יהוה 2 K 9:7, 10:23, Is 54:17, cf. Gn 50:17, Is 56:6; עֲבָדָיו Dt 32:36 = Ps 135:14, Is 65:15, 66:14, Ps 34:23, 69:37, Ne 2:20; ‖עַמּוֹ Ps 105:25 cf. Dt 32:43; עֲבָּדַי Is 65:8, 65:9, 65:13, 65:13, 65:13, 65:14; עֲבָדֶיְ 1 K 8:23, Is 63:17 (‖שִׁבְטֵי נחלתך), Ps 89:51, 90:13, 90:16, 102:15, 102:29, 119:91, 79:2, 79:10 (‖חֲסִידֶיְ); delivered from Egypt Lv 25:42, 25:55, 25:55, 26:13 (P); עַבְדְְּ Ps 119:125, 143:2, ‖בֶּן־אֲמָתְֶָ 86:16, 116:16, 116:16; specif. angels Jb 4:18; and ancient worthies, patriarchs Ex 32:13 (J) Dt 9:27; Abraham Gn 26:24 (J) Ps 105:6, 105:42; Isaac Gn 24:14 (J); Jacob, Israel Ez 28:25, 37:25, 1 Ch 16:13; Moses † Ex 14:31, Jos 18:7 (J) Nu 12:7, 12:8 (E) Dt 34:5 (?) Jos 1:1, 1:2, 1:7, 1:13, 1:15, 8:31, 8:33, 9:24, 11:12, 11:15, 12:6, 12:6, 13:8, 14:7, 22:2, 22:4, 22:5 (all D), 1 K 8:53, 8:56, 2 K 18:12, 21:8, 1 Ch 6:34, 2 Ch 1:3, 24:6, 24:9, Ne 1:8, 9:14, 10:30, Ps 105:26, Mal 3:22, Dn 9:11; Joshua † Jos 24:29 (E) Ju 2:8; Caleb † Nu 14:24 (J); Job † Jb 1:8, 2:3, 42:7, 42:8, 42:8, 42:8; David 2 S 3:18, 7:5, 7:8, 7:26 + 27 t.; Hezekiah † 2 Ch 32:16; Zerubbabel † Hag 2:23; Eliakim † Is 22:20.—The חֶמַח Zc 3:8 cf. 6:12 is also servant of י׳ as Messianic builder of temple (see Br:MP 442 ff). †

4. Servant of י׳, in a special sense: of Levitical singers using benedictions in temple Ps 113:1, 134:1, 135:1; usu. of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets 2 K 9:7, 17:13, Je 7:25, 26:5, 29:19, 35:15, 44:4, Ez 38:17, Zc 1:6; עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִים 2 K 17:23, 21:10, 24:2, Je 25:4, Am 3:7, Dn 9:10; עֲבָדֶיְ הנביאים Ezr 9:11, Dn 9:6; specif. Ahia 1 K 14:18, 15:29 Elijah 2 K 9:36, 10:10; Jonah 2 K 14:25, Isaiah Is 20:3; עַבְדּוֹ, ‖מלאכיו 44:26; as one calling to fear י׳ 50:10. †

5. Israel as a people is servant of י׳: יִשְׂרָאֵל Is 41:8, 41:9, 44:21, 44:21, 49:3, Ps 136:22; יעקב Is 44:1, 44:2, 45:4, 48:20, Je 30:10, 46:27, 46:28; עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, ‖מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations Is 42:19, 42:19; and chosen as witness of י׳ 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Is 42:1 (cf. v:26); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth 49:5, 49:6, 49:7; bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr 52:13, 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contr. with the actual; al. of personif. ‖ with Zion the wife and mother, disting. from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; al. of ideal prophetic writer; al. of ideal prophetic person; al. (esp. in Is 53) of an actual proph. known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, v. Mt 8:16, 8:17, 12:16–21, Lk 4:1722, Phil 2:511]; see De:Is ii. 174 Da:Expos. 1884, 358 ff. Di Du Che al. on Is 42, 53, Dr:Is 168 ff. Br:MP 345 ff., also Gie:Beitr. 146 ff. Berthol:Is 53.

6. In polite address of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְְּ thy servant = 1 pers. sing., I, Gn 18:3, 1 S 20:7, 20:8, 20:8, 2 K 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיְ thy servants = we Gn 42:11, Is 36:11; also עַבְדּוֹ his servant = I, 1 S 26:18, 26:19, 2 S 14:22, 24:21 +; also in addressing God, esp. in prayer Ex 4:10, Nu 11:11, Ju 15:18, 1 S 3:9, 3:10, 25:39, 2 S 24:10, Ps 19:12, 19:14, 27:9, 31:17, 35:27, 69:18, 109:28, 143:2 +.

7. Phrases are: † עבד (היה), c. לְ pers., become servant to Gn 9:26, 9:27, 44:10, 44:16, 44:17, 44:33, 47:19, 47:26 (J) Dt 6:21, 15:17, 2 S 8:14, 2 K 17:3, 24:1, 1 Ch 18:2, 18:6, 18:13, 2 Ch 10:7, Pr 11:29, 12:9, 22:7; † היה לעבד, c. לְ pers., Gn 44:9 (J) 50:18 (E) 1 S 8:17, 17:9, 17:9, 27:12, 2 S 8:2, 8:6, Je 34:16; † כבשׁ לעבדים 2 Ch 28:10, Ne 5:5, Je 34:11; לקח לע׳ Gn 43:18 (J) 2 K 4:1, Jb 40:28.

714

† II. עֶ֫בֶד n. pr. m. (servant of God = עַבְדְּאֵל);—

1. father of Gaal Ju 9:26, 9:28, 9:30, 9:31, 9:35 (GFM, after Hollenb:ThLz 1891, 371 [cf. Bu:Ib. 1892, 63] עֹבֵד, as LXXL; v. also Gray:Prop. N. 184, 272); LXX Ιωβηλ, A LXXL Αβεδ.

2. a companion of Ezra Ezr 8:6; LXX Ωβηθ, LXXL Αμιναδαβ.—For list of Ar. names beginning with عبد v. Nö:ZMG xli (1887), 724 ff., cf. also Id:ib, xlii (1888), 486 We:Heid. 2, 2 ff.

† [עֲבָד] n. m. work (late; Aram. form); pl. sf. עֲבָדֵיהֶם Ec 9:1 (cf. Syr. ܥܒܳܕ).

עוֹבֵד, עֹבֵד n. pr. m. (worshipper; cf. Sab. עבד Os:22 and DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 14; —

1. son of Boaz and Ruth Ru 4:17, v:21 = 1 Ch 2:12, Ru 4:22 (only here עֹבֵד) = 1 Ch 2:12, SyrVer Ωβηδ.

2. names in Judah, LXX Ωβηδ: a. 1 Ch 2:37, 2:38 b. 2 Ch 23:1.

3. a mighty man of David 1 Ch 11:47, LXX Ιωβηθ, A Ιωβηδ.

4. a doorkeeper 1 Ch 26:7 LXX Ωβηδ.

עֹבֵדֱ אדֹם, and (2 Ch 25:24) אֱדוֹםע׳ n. pr. m. (servant of (god) Edom, cf. עבד אדם CIS:No. 295; Dr:Sm 206, 298 and reff., RS:Sem i. 43; 2nd ed. 42 and reff., HPS:2 S 6:10; but Bae:Rel 10 servant of man, אֱדֹם = אָדָם, which is thought possible by Nö:ZMG xlii (1888), 470 Buhl:Edomiter 49);—

1. the Gittite who harboured the ark 2 S 6:10, 6:11, 6:11, 6:12, 6:12 = 1 Ch 13:13, 13:14, 13:14, 1 Ch 15:25; LXX Αβεδδαρα, LXXL Αβεδδαδαν.

2. (= 1 ?) one of the chief Levitical singers and doorkeepers 1 Ch 15:18, 15:21, 15:24, 16:5, 16:38, 16:38, 26:4, 26:8, 26:8, 26:15; LXX Αβαεδωμ, Αβδεδωμ, etc., LXXL Αβεδδομ.

3. the family of the same 2 Ch 25:24 (not in ‖ 2 K 14:14).

715

עֶ֫בֶד מֶ֫לֶךְ n. pr. m. (= servant of the king, or < of (god) Melek, cf. Gray:Prop. N. 117, 147 ff.);—Eth. official of Zedekiah Je 38:7, 38:8, 38:10, 38:11, 38:12, 39:16; LXX Αβδεμελεχ.

עֲבֵד נְגוֹ n. pr. m. (servant of (God) Nebo, נְגוֹ being corrupt (intent. or unintent.) for נבוֹ (q. v.) COT:Dn 1:7 Bev:Dn 1:7);—Babylonian name of Azariah, one of the three companions of Daniel Dn 1:7 (v. also BAram); LXX Theod Αβδεναγω.

עַבְדָּא n. pr. m. (servant of י׳ (= עֹבַדְיָה 1 Ch 9:16 = Ne 11:17), but form dub., v. LXX);—

1. father of adoniram 1 K 4:6; LXX Εφρα, A Αβαω, LXXL Εδραμ.

2. a Levite Ne 11:17; LXX Ωβηβ, A Ιωβηβ, LXXL Αβδιας.

עַבְדְּאֵל n. pr. m. (servant of Ēl, cf. עַבְדִּיאֵל) name in Judah Je 36:26; LXX Εσ(δ)ριηλ.

עַבֹדָה, and (Chr) עֲבוֹדָה:145 n. f. labour, service (on format. v. Lag:BN 179 Ba:NB 61);—י׳ Ex 1:14 + 41 t.; cstr. עֲבֹדַת 30:16 + 43 t.; sf. עֲבֹדָתִי Gn 30:26 + 33 t. sfs.; in Chr עֲבוֹדָה 1 Ch 28:14 + 7 t.; cstr. עֲבוֹדַת 6:33 + 13 t.; sf. עֲבוֹדָתִי 2 Ch 12:8; עֲבוֹדָתָם 1 Ch 6:17, 2 Ch 31:16; —

1.labour, work, Ps 104:23; in the field Ex 1:14, 1 Ch 27:26, prob. Ne 10:38 (עָרֵי ע׳), Ps 104:14 (עֵשֶׂב לע׳); in fine linen 1 Ch 4:21; in erection of tabernacle Ex 35:24, 36:1, 36:3, 36:5, 39:42 (P); in repairing temple 2 Ch 34:13, 34:13; כל מלאכת עבדה לא תעשׂוּ ye shall do no laborious work Lv 23:7, 23:8, 23:21, 23:25, 23:35, 23:36, Nu 28:18, 28:25, 28:26, 29:1, 29:12, 29:35 (P); fig. of man, הַצְּדָקָה ע׳ Is 32:17 (‖מַעֲשֵׂה הַצּ׳); of God's work of judgment Is 28:21, 28:21. †

2. labour of servant or slave: of Jacob for Laban Gn 29:27, 30:26 (JE); עֶבֶד ע׳ of bondservant Lv 25:39 (P); of the Nethinim Ezr 8:20; service of things, vessels of tabernacle and temple Nu 4:26, 4:32 (P) 1 Ch 9:28, 28:14, 28:14, 28:15. †

3. labour, service of captives or subjects: of Israel in Egypt Ex 1:14, 2:23, 2:23 (P), 5:11 (E), 6:6 (P); הע׳ (ה)כבד 5:9 (E) Ne 5:18; קשׁה ע׳ Ex 1:14, 6:9 (P) Dt 26:6, 1 K 12:4 = 2 Ch 10:4, Is 14:3; מֵרֹב ע׳ La 1:3; ממלכוֹת ע׳ 2 Ch 12:8; המלך ע׳ 1 Ch 26:30; אדניהם ע׳ Ne 3:5; military service Ez 29:18, 29:18.

4. service of God, in P Chr Ez: by people Jos 22:27 (P) 2 Ch 12:8, feast of passover Ex 12:25, 12:26, 2 Ch 35:10, 35:16, unleavened bread Ex 13:5; Levites and priests Nu 4:19, 4:49, 8:11, 1 Ch 24:3, 24:19, 2 Ch 8:14, 31:16; מתנה ע׳ Nu 18:7; Levites Ex 38:21, Nu 4:24, 4:27, 4:27, 4:28, 4:33, 4:47, 4:47, 7:7, 7:8, 8:26, 18:21, 1 Ch 6:17, 2 Ch 31:2; c. בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד v:4, v:23, v:31, v:33, v:35, v:39, v:43, 8:19, 8:22, 18:31; אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Ex 30:16, Nu 4:30, 7:5, 8:24, 18:4, 18:6, 18:21, 18:23, cf. Ex 35:21, Nu 7:5; מִשְׁכָּן(ה) Ex 39:32, 39:40, Nu 3:7, 3:8, 16:9, 1 Ch 6:33, cf. Ex 27:19, Nu 3:36, 1 Ch 23:26; הַקֹּדֶשׁ ע׳ Nu 7:9, cf. 3:31; of its court v:26; more specif. משׂא ע׳ 4:47; חבא הע׳ 8:25; אלהים(ה) בית י׳ ע׳ 1 Ch 23:24, 23:28, 23:32, 25:6, 28:13, 28:13, 28:21, 28:21, 29:7, 2 Ch 29:35, 31:21, 35:2, Ne 10:33; בית האלהים מלאכת ע׳ 1 Ch 9:13, 28:20, 2 Ch 24:12; מעשׂה ע׳ 1 Ch 23:28; its service Ez 44:14, 1 Ch 9:19; specif. service of Levit. singers 25:1, 25:1, and doorkeepers 26:8, 2 Ch 35:15.

עֲבֻדָּה n. f. service (on format. v. Lag:BN 151);—of household servants as a body, ‖ cattle, etc., Gn 26:14 (J) Jb 1:3.

עַבְדּוֹן n. pr. I. n. pr. m. 1. a judge Ju 12:13, 12:15, LXX Αβδων, A LXXL Λαβδω(μ); (Ew cp. בְּדָן 1 S 12:11, but read בָּרָק, v. בְּדָן supr.). 2. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:23, LXX Αβαδων, A LXXL Αβδων. 3. son of Jehiel a Gibeonite 1 Ch 8:30, 9:36; LXX Αβαλων, Σαβαδων, A Αβδων, Σαβδων, LXXL Αβδων. 4. son of Micah 2 Ch 34:20, LXX Αβδοδομ, A LXXL Αβδων (= עַכְבּוֹר 2 K 22:12). II. n. pr. loc. Levitical city in Asher Jos 21:30, 1 Ch 6:59, LXX Δαββων, Αβαραν, A LXXL Αβδων (20 Codd. rd. עַבְדֹּן Jos 19:28 for עֶבְרֹן), ï‘ Abde, Guêrin:Gal 2, 37 cf. Buhl:Geogr. 230.

† [עַבְדוֹת] n. f. servitude, bondage;—sf. עַבְדֻתֵנוּ Ez 9:8, 9:9; עַבְדֻתָם Ne 9:17 (cf. Syr. ܥܰܒܕܽܘܬܳܐ).

עַבְדִּי n. pr. m. (= עֹבַדְיָה servant of Yah; v. however, Gray:Prop. N. 149 ff. and cf. OAram. עבדו, Nab. Palm. עבדי Lzb:333, 334 Cook:87);—

1. a Levite 1 Ch 6:29, 2 Ch 29:12; LXX Αβδ(ε)ι, LXXL 1 Ch Αβδια.

2. one with a foreign wife Ezr 10:26; LXX Αβδε(ι)α.

עַבְדִּיאֵל n. pr. m. (servant of Ēl; on this and foll. cf. Ph. עבדאלם, Nab. עבדאלהא, Sin. עבדאלהי, etc., Lzb:332 Cook:87; Sab. עבדלת = [עבדאלת] Hal:168 DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16; v. also Gray:Prop. N. 309, No. 53);—a Gadite 1 Ch 5:15; LXX Αβδεηλ, A LXXL Αβδιηλ.

עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ, עֹבַדְיָה n. pr. m. (servant of Yah, cf. Gray:Prop. N. 295, No. 90; also Ph. עבדבעל, Palm. עבדבל, OAram. עבדההד Lzb:333, OHeb. עבדיהו Id.:334);—I. עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ:

1. chief of Ahab's household 1 K 18:3, 18:3, 18:4, 18:5, 18:6, 18:7, 18:16, LXX Αβδ(ε)ιου.

2. father of one of the chiefs of Zebulun 1 Ch 27:19, LXX Αβδ(ε)ιου (genit.).

3. a Levite overseer in time of Josiah 2 Ch 34:12, LXX Αβδ(ε)ια, A LXXL Αβδιας. II. עֹבַדְיָה: 1. the prophet Ob:1, LXX Οβδ(ε)ιου (genit.), Αβδ(ε)ιου. 2. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:21, LXX Αβδεια, LXXL Οβδιας. 3. chief of tribe of Issachar 1 Ch 7:3, LXX Μειβδεια, A Οβδια, LXXL Αβδια.

4. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:38, 9:44, LXX Αβδ(ε)ια.

5. a Levite 1 Ch 9:16 (‖עַבְדָּא Ne 11:17), LXX Αβδεια A Οβδια , LXXL Αβια.

6. a Gadite chief 1 Ch 12:9, LXX Αβδ(ε)ια.

7. a prince in time of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 17:7, LXX Αβ(δ)ιαν.

8. priestly companion of Ezra Ezr 8:9, Ne 10:6, LXX Αδεια, Αβ(α)δ(ε)ια, LXXL Αβδιου, Αβιας.

9. a doorkeeper Ne 12:25, א Οβδιας, LXXL Αβδιας.

716

† [מַעְבָּד] n.[m.] work (late form; BAram. מַעֲבַד);—pl. sf. מַעְבָּדֵיהֶם Jb 34:25.

עָבָה vb. be thick, fat, gross (NH Pi. עִבָּה make thick, and deriv.; Syr. ܥܒܳܐ swell up, pt. pass. swollen, thick, dense, stupid, and many deriv.; Ar. غَبِيَ be dense, stupid, أَغْبَي dense foliage; Eth. 9abya: be great Di:985);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. מִמָּתְנֵי אָבִי קָֽטֳנִּי ע׳ 1 K 12:10 my little finger is thicker (stouter) than, etc., = 2 Ch 10:10; be thick, gross, of rebell. Isr. under fig. of highly fed beast, 2 ms. שָׁמַנְתָּ עָבִיתָ כָּשִׂיתָ Dt 32:15.

עֲבִי n.[m.] thickness;—cstr. נַּבֵּי מָגִנָּיו ע׳ Jb 15:26 the thickness (stoutness) of the bosses of his shields (in fig.); sf. עָבְיוֹ its thickness, of the molten sea 1 K 7:26 = 2 Ch 4:5; of pillar Je 52:21.—2 Ch 4:17 v. foll.—Under עבה belongs perh. also בְּעַב הֶעָנָן Ex 19:9 (rd. בַּעֲבִי ?) in the thickness of the clouds, cf. Bu:Th Lz 1892 (3), 63 Kö:ii 1, 86.

מַעֲבֶה n. [m.] si vera l., thickness, compactness;—בְּמַעֲבֵה הָאֲדָמָה 1 K 7:46 in the compactness of the soil, i.e. clayey ground or clay mould = 2 Ch 4:17 (where MT בַּעֲבִי הָ׳); but read doubtless in both בְּמַעְבֶּרֶת אֲדָמָה at the ford of Adamah, v. GFM:Ju 7, 22 Benz:K.

עָבוֹת v. עבת. p. 721

עבט (perh. √ of foll.; cf. As. ubbuṭu&atO;’ (II. of אבט [= עבט ?]) be pledged Dl:HWB 6; Aram. (Talm.) עֲבִיטָה pledge, עֲבַט Ithpe. be taken in pledge; but We:Jo 2, 7 thinks עֲבוֹט Aram. loan-word, and cp. Ar. ضَبَطَ hold, keep, guard).

עֲבוֹט n.[m.] pledge, article pledged as security for debt;—abs. ע׳ Dt 24:11, 24:13; sf. עֲבֹטוֹ v:10 (as acc. cogn.), v:12.

עַבְטִיט n.[m.] intens. weight of pledges, heavy debts;—abs. מַכְבִּיד עָלָיו ע׳ Hb 2:6.

† [עָבַט] vb. denom. take or give a pledge;—Qal Inf. cstr. לַעֲבֹט Dt 24:10 to take possession of a thing pledged (c. acc. cogn.); Impf. 2 ms. give a pledge תַּעֲבֹט Dt 15:6 (i.e. borrow). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. וְהַעֲבַטְתָּ֫ גּוֹיִם רַבִּים v:6 and thou shalt cause many nations to give pledges (i.e. lend to them); Impf. 3 ms. sf. + Inf. abs. הַעֲבֵט תַּעֲבִיטֶנּוּ v:8 thou shalt surely lend to him (lit. as above). Pi. Impf. יְעַבְּטוּן Jo 2:7 hardly makes sense (lend on pledge = interchange ?); most rd. יְעַבְּתוּן; יְעַוְּתוּן We, cf. Now Dr GASm; Gr. יַטוּן.

עבל (√ of foll.; cf. poss. Ar. عَبُلَ be bulky, stout; Pun. n. pr. עבל Lzb:335).

עוֹבָל, I. עֵיבָל n. pr. gent. Arabian people, descended from Joktan acc. to Gn 10:28 (LXXL Γαιβαλ); = עֵיבָל 1 Ch 1:22 (LXXL Ηβηλ). On loc. cf. Glaser:Skizze ii. 426.

I. עֵיבָל v. עוֹבָל supr.

† II. עֵיבָל n. pr. m. vel gent. name in Edom, Gn 36:23 (LXX Γαιβηλ), = 1 Ch 1:40 (LXX Γαιβηλ), A Γαοβηλ LXXL Ουβαλ); acc. to Glaser:Skizze ii. 426 poss. = foregoing (cp. with name of (god) Bēl, Wkl:Gesch. Isr. 120; Alttest. Unters. 117 f.).

† III. עֵיבָל n. pr. mont. Ebal, the mt. of cursing, N. of Shechem (Nabulus), and opp. Mt. Gerizim (mt. of blessing, S. of Shechem), Dt 11:29, also Jos 8:30, 8:33 (D); LXX Γαιβαλ (connex. with above √ dub.; on בל = Bēl, cf. Gray:Prop. N. 124 n., and reff.);—on Ebal v. Rob:BR ii. 275 ff. GASm:Geogr. Ch. vi. Di:Dt 11, 29 Dr:ib. Bd:Pal. (1898), 257.

עבץ ( √ of foll.; meaning unknown).

יַעְבֵּץ n. pr. 1. m. Jabez, a man of the Calebites, 1 Ch 4:9, 4:9, 4:10 (where interpr. as akin to עחב; on position of this family cf. Mey:Judenthum 118); LXX Ιγαβης A Ιαγβης, Γαβης, GL Ιαβιης, Ιαβηλ, Ιαβεις. 2. loc. in Judah, appar. near Bethlehem 1 Ch 2:55 (cf. v:54); LXX Γαμες A Γαβης LXXL Ιαβις.

עָבַר:548 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on (NH = BH; Zinj. עבר Haph. Lzb:336 Cook:88, perh. also Nab. עבר Id:ib.; Targum עֲבַר, Syr. ܥܒܰܪ id.; As. ebêru, id. Dl:HWB 10, and deriv.; Ar. عَبَرَ id., and deriv.; Sab. עבר = Heb. עִבַּר

1. Mordt:Sab Denkm 49; עברת passage, march through DHM:ZMG xxix (1875), 614 also bank or neighbourhood of a stream SabDenkm:49);—Qal:465 Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 15:17 +, sf. עֲבָרוֹ Je 23:9; 1 S. עָבַ֫רְתִּי 1 S 15:24 +; 2 mpl. עֲבַרְתֶּם Gn 18:5 +; 1 pl. עָבַ֫רְנוּ Jos 24:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹר Am 8:5 +, יַעֲבָר־ Gn 33:14 +, sf. 3 ms. יַעַבְרֶ֫נּוּ Is 33:21, 35:8, יַעַבְרֶ֫נְהוּ Je 5:22, וַיַּעֲבֹר Gn 12:6 +; 1 S. אֶעֱבֹר Am 5:17 +, cohort. אֶעְבְּרָה Nu 21:22 +, אֶעֱבָֹרָה Nu 20:19, Ju 12:5, etc.; Imv. ms. עֲבֹר Ex 17:5 +; fs. עִבְרִי Mi 1:11 + 2 t.; עֲבָֹרִי Is 23:12; mpl. עִבְרוּ Am 6:2 +; Inf. abs. עָבוֹר 2 S 17:16; cstr. עֲבֹר Am 7:8 +, לַעֲבָר־ 1 K 18:6 + Na 2:1 Qr (Kt לעבור); sf. עָבְרִי Ex 33:22, Dt 4:21, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵר Ju 8:4 +, etc.;—1. pass over: a. = cross (stream, wady, sea, etc.), (1) c. acc. Gn 31:21 (E), 32:11 (J), Jos 3:14, 3:17, 4:1 (all JE), Dt 2:14 (D), Nu 32:29 (P), 2 S 17:20, 17:22, 17:24, Is 16:8, + 37 t., + Gn 32:23 (E; acc. מַעֲבַר), וְעָֽבְרָה הָֽעֲבָרָה לַעֲבִיר 2 S 19:19 (rd. וַיַּעַבְרוּ We Dr Kit Löhr, and they crossed the ford, or וְעָֽבְרוּ frequent., HPS; > LXX Klo Bu וַיַּעַבְדוּ הָעֲבֹדָה and they performed the service); also c. acc. + acc. loc. 1 S 13:7, + ה loc. Dt 4:26, 31:13, 32:47. (2) acc. om. Ju 3:28, 2 S 17:16, 17:16 + 32 t., + עֹבֵר Ju 8:4 (rd. וַיַּעֲבֹר Vrss, or del. as gloss GFM Bu), 2 S 15:23 a (where rd. עֹמֵד for MT עֹבֵר We Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS, but del. עֹבְרִים, plausibly, Klo HPS); c. אֶל־Nu 32:7 (JE), Dt 27:2 (D), Jos 4:13, 22:19 (both P), c. אֶל־עֵבֶר Dt 30:13, c. הָעֵבֶר 1 S 26:13; c. ה loc. † Dt 3:21, 4:14, 6:1, 11:8, 11:11, 34:4, Is 23:6; c. acc. loc. † Is 23:12, Je 2:10, Nu 32:32 (P). † b. cross border, boundary, c. acc. Nu 20:17 b, 21:22 b (both JE), + אֶל־ 1 S 27:2; of invasion, acc. om., c. אֶל־ Ju 11:32, 12:3, 1 S 14:1, 14:6, 14:8, c. ה loc. 2 K 8:21, abs. 2 Ch 21:9. c. cross over (sc. intervening space) against (עַל־) 1 S 14:4, unto 2 S 24:20 (rd. אֶל־ for עַל־ Bu HPS, cf. LXXL), so perh. also Is 45:14 (עַל; rd. אֶל ?); c. acc. of goal Am 5:5, 6:2. † d. pass, march over (sc. bodies of captives), Is 51:23, 51:23. † e. = overflow, fig., Is 23:10, abs. of invasion (like a flood) Is 8:8, hence Dn 11:10, 11:40, Na 1:8 (cf. 4 c); of evil thoughts Ps 73:7; cf. עָֽבְרוּ דִבְרֵי־רָָע Je 5:28 they overflow with evil matters. † f. pass, go, over, of waves, over one's head, usu. c. עַל־ Is 54:9, Ps 42:8, 88:17, 124:4, 124:5 (all fig.), Jon 2:4; c. acc. Ps 38:5, cf. Je 23:9 over whom wine hath gone (= overcome with wine). † g. of razor passing over head, c. עַל Nu 6:50; fig. of time passing over one, c. עַל־ 1 Ch 29:30 (cf. BAram. חלף על Dn 4:13 +). † h. pass over upon (עַל־), in weakened sense, nearly = come or light upon; of spirit Nu 5:14, 5:14, 5:30; abs. + מֵאֵת 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23; c. עַל־ also light upon in chastisement or judgment, Ho 10:11, Jb 13:13, cf. Na 3:19; Dt 24:5 no affair shall pass over upon (עַל־) him, i.e. no duty be laid upon him. † i. overstep, transgress, c. acc. of covenant, command, etc. (usu. divine); Nu 14:41, Jos 7:11, 7:15 (all JE), Dt 17:2, 26:13, Jos 23:16 (all D), Ju 2:20, 1 S 15:24, Ho 6:7, 8:1, 2 K 18:12, Je 34:18, Is 24:5, Ps 148:6, 2 Ch 24:20, Dn 9:11; command of earthly king Est 3:3; abs. Ps 17:3. † j. pass over = overlook, forgive עַל־פֶּשַׁע Mi 7:18 (+ לְ pers.), Pr 19:11; c. לְ pers. only, Am 7:8, 8:2. †

2. Pass beyond, c. acc. 1 S 14:23 (of battle), Je 5:22, 5:22 (of sea); + אֶל Gn 31:52, 31:52 (E); pass a little beyond מְעַט מֵהָראֹשׁ ע׳ 2 S 16:1, כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם Ct 3:4; c. acc. of God's command (פֶּה), Pr 8:29 (of sea), Nu 22:18 = 24:13 (JE); acc. om. Jb 14:5 Ps 104:9.

3. Pass through, traverse, usu. a. c. בְּ of land, city, etc.: Nu 22:21 (E), 20:21, Jos 18:9 (JE), Ex 12:2 (P), 1 S 9:4, 9:4, 9:4, 9:4, 2 S 20:14 (+ ה loc.), + 31 t.; c. בְּתוֹךְ † Ez 9:4, Jb 15:19; c. בְּקֶרֶב of camp, nation(s) † Jos 1:11, 3:2 (D), 24:17 (E), Am 5:17, Dt 29:15; c. acc. † Dt 2:18, 29:15, Ju 11:29, 11:29, Is 10:29, Jb 14:5; abs. Ex 12:23 (J), Nu 20:19, 20:20 (JE), Dt 2:28, Mi 5:7, La 3:44, Ez 14:15, 33:28; † opp. שׁוּב, pass through and return, go to and fro, Ex 32:27 (E; מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר בְּ׳), pt. abs. those going to and fro Ez 35:7, Zc 7:14, 9:8. † b. c. בְּ of river 2 S 19:19 + 15:23 (but rd. עֹמֵד We Dr Bu al.), of sea Zc 10:11, cf. Is 43:2, Ps 66:6, c. בְּתוֹךְ Nu 33:8 (P), Ne 9:11; c. בְּ of gates Is 62:10, 62:10; cf. עֹבְרֵי בְּעֵמֶק Ps 84:7 (Ges:§ 130 a). c. pt. abs. הָעֹבְרִים the passers-through Ez 39:11 a, rd. prob. הָעֲבָרִים (JDMich Hi Co Berthol), v:11 b (Co rds. אֶת־הַגַּיְא; Toy del. as gloss), v:14 (del. LXX SyrVer Co Toy Berthol). † d. pass through between (בֵּין) parts of victim, in covenant Gn 15:7 (J), Je 34:18, 34:19. e. traverse c. acc. of expanse of water Is 33:21 (of ship).

4. a. pass along by (עַל־), Gn 18:5 (J; not סַרְתֶּם אֶל־ Ball after LXX), 1 K 9:8, Je 18:16 + 14 t.; c. עַל־פָּנָיוEx 34:6 (J); c. acc. † Gn 32:32, Ju 3:26 (on other possibilities v. GFM), 2 K 6:9; abs. pass by Ex 33:22, 33:22 (J), 2 K 4:8 + 15 t., + (of wind) Jb 37:21, Pr 10:25 and (of waters, = flow past) Hb 3:10 (cf. Jb 6:15), Jb 11:16, hence מוֹר עֹבֵר Ct 5:5, 5:13 flowing myrrh (liquid, opp. hard = דְּרוֹר מ׳ Ex 30:23); pt. = passer-by Mi 2:8, Ez 5:14, 36:34, 39:15 + 6 t. (Pr 26:10 v. Toy), + עֹבֵר אֹרַח Is 33:8, עֹבְרֵי דֶרֶךְLa 1:12, 2:15, Jb 21:29, Pr 9:15, Ps 80:13, 89:42; pass by = overtake and pass c. acc. † 2 S 18:23. b. pass by, בְּ rei, Ps 103:16 (of wind). c. sweep by, of scourge (fig.) Is 28:15, 28:18, 28:19 (cf. מַעֲבָר 3). d. be past, over, of time, etc., Am 8:5, 1 K 18:29, Gn 50:4, Ct 2:11 + 7 t. e. pass along (from hand to hand), only pt. שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר Gn 23:16 i.e. current money of the merchant (or, money passing over to merchant ? Bu:Th Lz 1892 (3), 63); כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר 2 K 12:5.

5. Pass on, go on: a. abs. Gn 18:5 (J), Nu 22:26 (E), Ju 12:1 + 20 t., + Ju 11:29, 18:13, Jos 10:29 (D; all c. acc. of goal + מִן), Gn 18:3 (J; c. מֵעַל pers.); also c. אֶל־ pers. vel rei, proceed unto 1 K 19:19, 2 K 4:8, Ne 2:14, c. עַל־ pers. (rd. אֶל־ ?) La 4:21; c. מִן Ru 2:8, out of the city 2 S 15:24; c. ה loc. Ju 12:1, 2 S 19:41, c. ה loc. + מִן Jos 10:31, 10:34 (D); מֵעִיר בארץ ע׳ 2 Ch 30:10; abs. 2 S 19:41 all the people of Judah proceeding with the king (rd. עֹבְרִים for ויעברו, v. Hiph. ad fin.). † b. specif. of boundary-line, pass on, c. ה loc. Nu 34:4, 34:4, Jos 15:3, 15:4, 16:6 (om. אוֹתוֹ LXX Vulgate cf. Benn: Hpt Steuern); + מִן 19:13 + מִן + אֶל־ 18:13; c. מִן + לְ 15:6; c. אֶל־ 15:7, 15:10, 16:2, 18:18, 18:19; c. acc. loc. 15:3, 15:10, 15:11 (all P, exc. Jos 16:2 JE). c. c. לִפְנֵי pass on before, go in advance of Gn 32:l7, Ex 17:5 (both E), Gn 32:22, 33:3, 33:14 (all J), Dt 9:3 + 7 t., + Dt 3:18, 3:28, 31:3, 31:3, Jos 1:14 (all D) where ref. may be to crossing in advance of; c. עַל־פְּנֵי 2 S 15:18 so v:23 b (reading עַל־פָּנָיו LXXL We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS). † d. pass on as far as (עַד), Ju 19:12, + מִן v:18; c. אַחֲרֵי after 2 S 20:13; תַּעֲבָר־כּוֹס עַל La 4:21 pass on unto (cf. תִּסּוֹב Hb 2:16). †e. pass on into (בְּ), Jos 3:11 ( + לִפְנֵי), 4:7 (both JE), cf. Ju 9:26, Jb 33:28, so also בִּבְרִית י׳ Dt 29:11 enter into a covenant with י׳; (Klo rds. וַיַּעֲכֹר בַּבּ׳ also 2 K 23:3 for MT ויעמד). †f. pass on away from (מֵאֵת) Dt 2:8 ( + ה loc.). †g. pass on in order, for counting 2 S 2:15, עַל־יְדֵי מוֹנֶה Je 33:l3, עֹבֵר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִים Ex 30:13, 30:14, 38:26, also pass on under (תַּחַת) rod Lv 27:32 (for counting; all P; cf. Hiph. 3 d). † h. pass along, travel c. acc. of way Is 35:8 cf. 51:10; אָרְחוֹת יַמִּים עֹבֵר Ps 8:9; c. בְּ of way Jos 3:4, Pr 4:15, 7:8. i. pass on, advance, abs., Ps 48:5 (Ol We pass away, perish), Mi 2:13 a (acc. loc.).

6. Pass away: a. emigrate, leave one's territory or city Mi 1:11. b. vanish, of chaff, Is 29:5 cf. Je 13:24, shadow Ps 144:4, b rooks Jb 6:15 (all in sim.), Ct 5:6. c. = cease to exist, perish Na 1:12, Jb 30:15, 33:18 (בְּ instr.), 36:12 (id.), 34:20, Ps 37:36 (but rd. ואעבר and I passed by, cf. 4 a), cf. Is 31:9 (סלעו subj.), מֵאֱלֽהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר 40:27 pass away from. d. = become invalid, obsolete, of law, decree, Est 1:19, 9:27, also v:28 ( + מִתּוֹךְ הַיְהוּדִים). e. c. מִן of hands Ps 81:7 (i.e. they were freed from). f. = be alienated, pass into other hands Ez 48:14 (rdg. Kt; > Qr Hiph.).—Je 2:20 rd. אֶעֱבוֹד Kt (not אֶעֱבוֹר Qr); וָאֶתֵּן לָהֶם יַעַבְרוּם 8:13 and I gave to them that which they transgress LXX Vulgate Targum Aq Symm Ew, those that shall pass over them Hi Gf Ke RVm, those that shall consume, devour them Rothst: Kau (rdg. יְבַעֲרוּם) but all very dub.; LXX Co del.; 11:15 rd. Hiph. q.v.; מִנֹּגַהּ נֶּגְדּוֹ עָבָיו עָֽבְרוּ Ps 18:13 is difficult; perhaps best, as Che Kit:Kau Löhr, out of the brightness before him issued forth hailstones, etc. (del. עָבָיו); > ‖ 2 S 22:13 בָּֽעֲרוּ and so here Bu HPS cf. Woods:Hbr 1887, 262, his clouds burned with hailstones, etc.; rd. rather עברו in 2 S.

Niph. Impf. 3 ms. נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לאֹ יֵעָבֵר Ez 47:5 a stream which cannot be forded.

Pi. 1. Pf. 3 ms. שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר Jb 21:10 his bull impregnateth (cf. NH) abs. (prop. causeth to pass over, sc. semen). 2. Impf. 3 ms. וַיְעַבֵּר בְּ׳ 1 K 6:21 he made to pass across with chains of gold.—Hithp. v. [עָבַר] infr.

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיר 2 S 12:13 +; 2 ms. הֵעֲבַ֫רְתָּ Jos 7:7 (Ges:§ 63 p), וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֫ Ez 5:1 +; 1 S. הֶעֱבַ֫רְתִּי Zc 3:4, וְהַעֲבַרְתִּ֫י Ez 20:37 + Je 15:14 (but rd. והעבדתי LXX SyrVer Targum Codd Ew Hi Gf Gie), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵר Gn 8:1 +, וַיַּעֲבֶר־ 2 Ch 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, sf. וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי Ez 46:21 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הַעֲבֵר Ps 119:37 + 2 t., הַעֲבֶר־ 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8; mpl. sf. הַעֲבִירוּנִי 2 Ch 35:23; Inf. abs. הַעֲבִיר Jos 7:7 (rd. prob. הַעֲבֵיר); cstr. הַעֲבִיר 2 S 3:10 +, לַעֲבִיר 2 S 19:19 (Ges:§ 53 q), etc.; Pt. מַעֲבִיר Dt 18:10, Dn 11:20, pl. מַעֲבִרִים 1 S 2:24 (v. infr.);—1. cause to pass over, bring over: a. cause one to cross river, c. 2 acc., Gn 32:24 (J), Nu 32:5, Jos 7:7 (both JE), 2 S 19:16, 19:42; acc. of river om. Gn 32:24 (J), Jos 4:3, 7:7 (+ Inf. abs,; both JE), 4:8 (JE; + אֶל־), 2 S 2:8 (+ acc. loc.). b. cause something to pass over (עַל־): razor (acc.) Nu 8:7 (P), cf. Ez 5:1 (where Co rds. sf. of razor), wind Gn 8:1 (P). c. make over to (ל), acc. of inheritance Nu 27:7, 27:8 (P); of making over, dedicating, something to (לְ) deity Ex 13:12 (JE; = קִדַּשׂ). Esp. d. devote children to (לְ) heathen god Je 32:35, Ez 23:37 ( + לְאָכְלָה), Lv 18:21 (H), cf. Ez 16:21; + בָּאֵשׁ by fire 2 K 23:10; c. acc. alone devote Ez 20:26; c. acc. + בָּאֵשׁ alone, devote by fire Dt 18:10, 2 K 16:3, 17:7, 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6, Ez 20:31 (on the practice cf. Now:Arch. ii. 205 f. Benz: Arch. 483 f. Toy:Ez 16:20, 20:26 GFM: JBL xvi (1897), 161 ff.).

2. a. cause to pass through, c. acc. + בְּ Ez 14:15, 47:3, 47:4 + v:4 (where ins. בְּ, cf. Co Berthol Toy), Nu 31:23, 31:23 (P); c. acc. + בְּתוֹח Ps 136:14; c. acc. pers. alone 78:13, + אֶל־ Ez 46:21, + עַד־אֲשֶׁר Ne 2:7; c. acc. of (sound of) שׁוֹפָר Lv 25:9 (H), + בְּ v:9 (P); c. acc. קוֹל = proclamation, + בְּ Ex 36:6 (P), 2 Ch 30:5, 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, Ezr 10:7 ( + לִ pers.), Ne 8:15. b. let pass through, c. acc. + בְּ pers. Dt 2:30.

3. a. cause to pass by, c. acc. + עַל־, Ez 37:2 (+ סָבִיב סָבִיב), + עַל־פְּנֵי Ex 33:19 (J), + לִפְנֵי 1 S 16:8, 16:10 and (לִפְנֵי om.) v:9. b. let pass by, c. acc. מוֹעֵד Je 46:17 he hath let the set time pass by (in mocking appell. of Pharaoh). c. cause arrow to pass beyond one 1 S 20:36. d. cause to pass under rod, for counting, Ez 20:37 (cf. Qal 5 g).

4. Cause to pass away, take away, kingdom (acc.) + מִן pers. 2 S 3:10, cf. Est 8:2, + מֵעַל Jon 3:6 (of putting off garment); c. acc. of sin 2 S 12:13, 24:20 = 1 Ch 21:8, Jb 7:21, + מֵעַל pers. Zc 3:4, Je 11:15 (rdg. יַעֲבִרוּ מֵעַל Ew Gf Gie); put away evil things (acc.) from (מִן), 1 K 15:12 cf. ‖ 2 Ch 15:8, Zc 13:2, Ec 11:10; c. acc. alone Ps 119:39, Est 8:3; also take me away (sf.) 2 Ch 35:23 (c. מִן) v:24; turn away eyes (acc.) + מִן Ps 119:37.—Gn 47:21 rd. הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים Sam LXX Vulgate Ol Kn Di Kau Holz; Je 15:14 rd. וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיְ LXX Targum Codd Gie; 2 S 12:31 rd. וְהֶעֱבִיד Hoffm:ZAW ii (1882), 53 f. Gr Klo Bu Kit HPS, cf. Dr Löhr; 2 S 19:41 (for ויעברו Kt, הֶעֱבִרוּ Qr) rd. עֹבְרִים LXX We Bu Löhr HPS, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Kit (v. Qal 5 a); Ez 48:14 rd. Qal (so Kt; v. Qal 6 e); מַעֲבִרִים עַם־י׳ 1 S 2:24 not good is the report which I hear the people of י׳ spreading (cf. 2), so Ew Th We Dr Kit Löhr RVm, but order of words difficult; > (ye) make the people of י׳ transgress Vulgate AV RV; text dub.; נוֹגֵשׂ מַעֲבִיר Dn 11:20 one causing an exactor to pass through Ew al. RV, Bev prop. נוֹגֵשׂ מ׳ an exactor causing to pass away the glory, etc.

719

I. עֵ֫בֶר:91 n. m.:1 S 14:40 region across or beyond, side (on format. cf. Ba:NB 144; cf. esp. As. êbru, êbirtu, id., êbirtan, adv. beyond);—י׳ abs. 1 S 14:4 +; cstr. Jos 24:4 +; sf. עֶבְרוֹ Is 47:15; pl. cstr. עֶבְרֵי Is 7:20, Je 48:28 (si vera l., v. infr.); sf. עֲבָרָיו 1 K 5:4, Je 49:32 (read probably עֶבְרֵיהֶם, so Vrss), עֶבְרֵיהֶם Ex 32:15; —

1. region across or beyond anything (usu. wady, river, or sea), mostly c. prep.: בר אַרְנוֹן:בְּעֵ Nu 21:13 (JE) Ju 11:18, cf. Je 25:22; הַיָּם אֶל־ע׳ Dt 30:13 b, מַעֵבֶר לַיָּם v:13 a beyond the sea; לְנַהֲרֵי־כוּשׁ מֵע׳ Is 18:1, cf. עַד־מֵע׳ 1 K 4:12 (מִן on the side of, on, v. מִן 1 c; so usu. c. ע׳); but also (rarely) מֵע׳ from the other side of Zp 3:10, Jb 1:19, 2 Ch 20:2; abs. הַע׳ 1 S 26:13 to the other side (sc. of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר); בְּעֵבֶר הָעֵמֶק 1 S 31:7, read perh. בְּעָרֵי הָע׳, so Klo Bu HPS; בְּעֶבְרֵי פִי־פָָחַת Je 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is dub.; Gie prop. בְּחֹרֵי כֵפֵי בַתֹּת in the rock-holes of the precipices; esp. (chiefly Hex, 37 t.) הַיַּרְדֵּן ע׳ (30 t.), or (less oft., Jos 13:32 + 13 t.), לַיַּרְדֵּן, לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ (only c. מֵע׳), of either E. Jordan (36 t.) or W. Jordan land (9 t.) acc. to standpoint of speaker or writer: A. E. Jordan (fr. standpoint of writer) Gn 50:10, 50:11 (J) Jos 17:5 (JE) Dt 1:1, 1:5, 4:41, 4:46, 4:47, 4:49, Jos 1:14, 12:1, 13:8 (D), Nu 22:1, 32:19, 34:15, Jos 13:27, 13:32, 14:3, 20:8 (P), Ju 7:25, 10:8, 1 S 31:7, Is 8:23, 1 Ch 6:63, 12:37; fr. standpoint of speaker, Jos 7:7 (JE), 24:8 (E), 1:15, 2:10, 9:10, 18:7, 22:4 (D), Ju 5:17; in Nu 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is land opp. to Can., cf. Nu 32:32; in Dt 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer (D) ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (oft. further topogr. note is added, e.g. מִזְרָ֫חָה Dt 4:49 +, מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Jos 1:15 +, etc.); אֶל־עֵבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂר׳ Jos 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel appar. also refers to E. side (v. Steuernagel on text). B. W. Jordan (9 t.), from standpoint of speaker Dt 3:20, 3:25 (Moses), also 11:30 (but here + מְכוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, and in all foll. some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה Jos 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), 12:7 (opposite East v:1–6), 22:7 (id.; Kt מעבר, Qr בְּעֵבֶר), cf. 9:1 (as 5:1); + וָהָָלְאָה Nu 32:19 a (opposite East v:b); in 1 Ch 26:30 מַעֲרָָבָה לַיַּר׳ מֵע׳ ע׳ seems = side (v. infr.). Also הַנָּהָר בְּע׳ beyond the river (Euphrates) Jos 24:2, 24:14, 24:15 (E; Kt Qr מֵע׳), מֵע׳ 2 S 10:16 = 1 Ch 19:16 beyond, and 1 K 14:5 to the other side of (v. מִן 1 c); מֵע׳ from beyond the river only Jos 24:3 (E), in all these = beyond the Euphr. eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphr.; so pl. בְּעֶבְרֵי הַנּ׳ Is 7:20; poss. also ע׳ alone (si vera l.) in the difficult passage Nu 24:24; הַנָּהָר ע׳ = region beyond the river (Euphr.) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Ne 2:7, 2:9, 3:7, Ezr 8:36; also 1 K 5:4, 5:4 (written in Bab.; cf. BAram. עֲבַר, and Dr:Intr (6) 504).

2. (Opposite) side, side: הַלָּז מֵע׳ 1 S 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; מִזֶּה מֵהָע׳ twice, v:4 = on one side, on the other side, so אֶחָד לְע׳ twice v:40; even מִשְּׁנֵי עִבְרֵיהֶם Ex 32:15 (E) on their two sides (i.e. of tablets); הָאֵפוֹד בָָּיְתָה אֶל־ע׳ Ex 28:26 (P) toward the inner side of the ephod; in 1 K 7:20, 7:30 ע׳ appar. = at the side of or opposite, but the archit. details are obscure; מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו מִסָּבִיב 1 K 5:4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו Je 49:32 (rd. עֶבְרֵיהֶם Vrss Gie) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּל־סְבִיבָָיִךְ v:5); אֶל־עֵבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵָכוּ to the side of their faces (i.e. in front, straight forward) they (always) went Ez 1:9, 1:12, 10:22, cf. פָּנֶיהָ עַל־ע׳ Ex 25:37 to give light upon the space in front of it; אִישׁ לְעֶבְרוֹ תָּעוּ Is 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee).—On 1 Ch 26:30 v. supr.

720

†II. עֵ֫בֶר n. pr. m. Eber (perh. eponym of Hebrews, form inferred from עִבְרִי, cf. reff. there);—

1. ‘ son ’ of Shelaḥ, and ‘ grandson ’ of Arpachshad Gn 10:24 (J) = 1 Ch 1:18, Gn 11:14, 11:15 (P); ‘ father ’ of Peleg and Joktan 10:25 (J; with esp. ref. to Joktan v:26 ff., i.e. to Arabians) = 1 Ch 1:19 (cf. v:20 ff.), of Peleg specif. Gn 11:16, 11:17 (P; with esp. ref. to Abr. v:26 f.) cf. 1 Ch 1:25 (see v:27 f.); in Gn 10:21 (J) Shem is called אֲבִי כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֵבֶר; LXX Εβερ.— ע׳ Nu 24:24 perh. (si vera l.) belongs not here ( = עִבְרִים Hebrews, LXX ̓Εβραίους, so Thes), but sub I. עֵבֶר = the (land) beyond (the river), ‖אַשּׁוּר, so Di Kau.

2. a Gadite chief 1 Ch 5:13, LXX Ωβηδ, LXXL Εβερ.

3.Benjamite names: a. 1 Ch 8:12, LXX Ωβηδ, LXXL Αβερ. b. 1 Ch 8:22 (עֵבֶר van d. H. Ginsb; עֶבֶד Baer), LXX Ωβδη, A Ωβηδ, LXXL Αβερ.

4. a priest Ne 12:20 LXXL Αβεδ.

†I. עִבְרִי adj. et n. gent. Hebrew, either a. put into the mouth of foreigners (Egypt. and Philist.), or b. used to distinguish Isr. from foreigners (= one from beyond, from the other side, i.e. prob. (in Heb. trad.) from beyond the Euphrates (cf. Jos 24:2, 24:3 E), but poss. in fact (if name given in Cannan) from beyond the Jordan; cf. Ges:§ 2 b Sta:§ 1 b Kö:i. 18 ff. We:Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. 7 Kau:‘ Eber ’ and ‘ Hebräer ’ in Ri:HWB 332; 600.—On connexion of ע׳ (in wide sense) with Håabiri (Tel Am.) v. Wkl:Gesch. Isr. 17 ff.; Sem. Studies in Mem. of Kohut, 605 ff. Emey:Aegyptica [Ebers], 75 cf. Glaser:MVG 1897, 255 ff. Kö:Exp. Times xi. 238; opp. Jastr:JBL xi (1892), 118 ff. Say:Monuments 188; 333 WMM:As. u. Eur. 396):—ms. ע׳ Gn 39:14 +; fs. עִבְרִיָּה Dt 15:12, Je 34:9; mpl. עִבְרִים Gn 43:32 +, עִבְרִיִּים Ex 3:18; fpl. עִבְרִיֹּת Ex 1:15 + 2 t., וֹת- 1:16 word not in P;—

1. adj. a. אִישׁ עִבְרִי Gn 39:14 cf. v:17 (both J), 41:12 (E). b. אִישׁ בְִרִי Ex 2:11 cf. v:13, 21:2 (all E), Dt 15:12, Je 34:9, 34:14; f. Dt 15:12, Je 34:9.

2. n. a. b. Ex 1:16, 1:19, 2:17 (all f.) 2:6 (all E), 1 S 4:6, 4:9, 13:19, 14:11, 29:3. b. Gn 40:15, Ex 1:15 (f.; both E), 1 S 13:3, 14:21, Gn 43:32 (J); esp. in אֱלֽהֵי הָעִבְרִים Ex 3:18, 5:3, 7:16, 9:1, 9:13, 10:3 (all J); sg. only אַבְרָם הָע׳ Gn 14:13 אָנָֹכִי ע׳ Jon 1:9.—LXX ̓Εβραῖος, ̓Εβραία, Gn 14:13 τῷ περάτῃ.—1 S 13:7 read prob. for וְעִבְרִים וגו׳, וְעָֽבְרוּ מַעְבְּרוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן (We), or, better, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Dr Kit Löhr; > וְעַם רַב Klo Bu HPS.

†II. עִבְרִי n. pr. m. Levite name, 1 Ch 24:27; LXX Αβαι, A Ωβδι, LXXL Αβαρια.

עֲבָרָה n.f. ford, rare synon. of מַעֲבָר מַעְבָּרָה;—abs. הָע׳ 2 S 19:19 and they crossed the ford (v. עבר Qal 1 a); pl. cstr. עַברוֹת הַמִּדְבָּר 2 S 15:28 Kt (Qr עַרְבוֹת), so 17:16 van d. H. (but Baer Ginsb עַרְבוֹת Kt also), עַב׳ preferable (so Th We Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS), the fords of the desert (HPS 17:16 n. pr.).

עֶבְרָה n. f. overflow, arrogance, fury;—abs. ע׳ Is 13:9 +; cstr. עֶבְרַת Zp 1:18 +; sf. עֶבְרָתִי Is 10:6 +, etc.; pl. עֲבָרוֹת Jb 21:30; cstr. עַבְרוֹת Ps 7:7, Jb 40:11; —

1. overflow, excess, outburst, זָדוֹן ע׳ Pr 21:24 excess of insolence; עַבְרוֹת אַפְֶָּ Jb 40:11 outbursts of thine anger.

2. arrogance, of Moab Is 16:6 ( + גַּאֲוָה), ן:גַּא hence Je 48:20 (+ id. v:29).

3. overflowing rage, fury: a. of men, Gn 49:7 (poem in J), Am 1:11 (both ‖אַף), Is 14:6, Pr 14:35, שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ 22:8 (i. e. rod wielded by him in fury, v. also La 3:1 infr.), עַבְרוֹת חוֹרְרָָי Ps 7:7 the outbursts of fury of my foes b. of י׳ Ho 5:10, 13:11 (‖אַף), Hb 3:8 (‖ id.), Is 9:18, La 2:2, Ps 90:9, 90:11; + חֲרן אַף Is 13:9, ‖ id. v:13, Ps 78:49 (+ זַעַם), 85:4; אֵשׁ עֶבְרָתִי Ez 21:36 (‖זַעַם), 22:31 (‖ id.), v:21, 38:19; שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ La 3:1 (cf. Pr 22:8 supr.); עַם עֶבְרָתִי Is 10:6 (i.e. obj. of my rage), cf. דּוֹר עֶבְרָתוֹ Je 7:29; יוֹם עֶבְרַת י׳ Zp 1:18 day of י׳'s fury (coming judgment), so Ez 7:19 (del. Co Berthol, after LXX, as gloss from Zp); so יוֹם עֶבְרָה Zp 1:15, Pr 11:4; יוֹם עֲבָרוֹת Jb 21:30; cf. עֶבְרָה Pr 11:23.

† [עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself;—Pf. 3 ms. הִתְעַבָָּר Ps 78:62; 2 ms. הַתְעַבַּ֫רְתָּ 89:39; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַבֵּר Dt 3:26, וַיִּתְעַבָָּר Ps 78:21, 78:59; Pt. מִתְעַבֵּר Pr 14:16, 26:17; sf. מִתְעַבְּרוֹ 20:2; —

1. be arrogant, Pr 14:16 (opp. יָרֵא).

2. a. put oneself in a fury, become furious, c. בְּ pers. Dt 3:26, Ps 78:62; c. עִם pers. 89:39; abs. 78:21, 78:59 (all of God); of man, c. עַל rei Pr 26:17. b. incite one to fury for oneself Pr 20:2 (si vera l.; cf. De Ges:§ 54 f.).

עֲבָרִים n. pr. loc. ‘Abarîm (prop. regions beyond river or sea);—usu. הַר הָע׳ Nu 27:12, Dt 32:49 ( = הַל־נְבוֹ; both P), and הָרֵי הָע׳ 33:47 (לִפְנֵי נְבוֹ), v:48 (P); alone only חַעֲקִי מֵעֲבָרִים Je 22:20; the mountainous district in NW. Moab, just NE. of Dead Sea, GASm:Geogr. 548 and EBi Buhl:Geogr. 122; LXX Αβαρειμ(-ειν), but τὸ ἐν τῷ πέραν Nu 33:47, εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης Je 22:20.—Vid. also sub עִיִּים.

עֶבְרֹן n. pr. loc. Jos 19:38 (LXX Ελβων, A LXXL Αχραν); read probably עַבְדֹּן q.v. p. 715

עַבְרֹנָה n. pr. loc. a station of Israelites in wilderness, one march from Ezion-geber, on Gulf of Aḳaba Nu 33:34, 33:35 (P); LXX (Σ)εβρωνα.

721

† I. [עָבוּר] n.[m.] produce, yield (cf. As. ebûru, id., Dl:HWB 11; Syr. ܥܰܒܽܘܪܳܐ corn);—cstr. עֲבוּד הָאָרֶץ Jos 5:11, 5:12 (P).

II. [עָבוּר] n. only in בַּעֲבוּר:47, בַּעֲבֻר (Gn 27:10, 27:31), prep. and conj. for the sake of on account of, in order that (perh. orig. for the produce or gain of), sf. בַּעֲבוּרִי 1 S 23:10, etc.;—

1. as prep.: a. Gn 3:17 ארורה האדמה בעבורך for thy sake, 8:21 בעבור האדם for man's sake, 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב־לִי בַּעֲבוּרֵח, v:16, 18:26, 18:29, 26:24, Ex 9:16 זאֹת ב׳ 13:8 זה ב׳ 1 S 12:22, 2 S 5:12, 6:12, 7:21, 9:1, 9:7, Am 2:6, 8:6 נַעֲלָָיִם ואביון ב׳, Mi 2:10 טָמְאָה ב׳ on account of uncleanness, Ps 106:32, 132:10, etc.; 2 S 12:21 הַיֶּלֶד חַי ב׳ because of the child, (being) alive (= while he was alive), Je 14:4 הָאֲדָמָה ב׳ חַ֫תָּה on account of the ground, (which) is dismayed, Jb 20:2 וּבַעֲבוּר חוּשִׁי בִּי rd. זאֹת וב׳, or וּבַעֲבוּרָהּ. † b. sq. inf. (cf. לְמַעַן), in order to, Ex 9:16 הַרְאֹתְְ אֶת־כֹּחִי ב׳, 1 S 1:6, 2 S 10:3 הֲּקֹר ב׳ את־העיר, 18:18: so לְבַעֲבוּר Ex 20:20, 2 S 14:20, 17:14; בעבור לְ 1 Ch 19:3 (‖ 2 S 10:3, no לְ). †

2. as conj. Gn 27:10 אֲשֶׁר יְבָרֶכְְ ב׳; without אשׁר, Gn 21:30 לְעֵדָה תִּהְיֶה לִ׳ ב׳ in order that it may be a witness for me, 27:4 תְּבָרֶכְְ נפשׁי ב׳, v:19, v:31, 46:34, Ex 9:14, 19:9, 20:20, Ps 105:45.

† [מַעֲבָר] n.[m.] ford, pass, passing;—only cstr.:

1. מַעֲבַר יַבֹּק Gn 32:23 (J) the ford of (the) Jabbok.

2. pass, מַעֲבַר מִכְמָשׂ 1 S 13:23 the pass of M.

3. passing, sweep, כָּל־מַעֲבַר מַטֶּה Is 30:32 every sweep of the rod (עָבַר 4 c).

מַעְבָּרָה n.f. ford, pass, passage;—abs. מ׳ Is 10:29; pl. מַעְבָּרוֹת Is 16:2, Je 51:32, מַעְבְּרוֹת abs. Jos 2:7, 1 S 14:4; cstr. Ju 3:28 + 2 t.;—

1. ford, only pl. Jos 2:7 (JE), Ju 3:28, 12:5, 12:6, Is 16:2; so also 1 S 13:7 (for MT עָֽבְרוּ) We Dr Kit Löhr; + מַעְבֶּרֶת 1 K 7:46 = 2 Ch 4:17, v. סֻכּוֹת

2. pass (wady, ravine), 1 S 14:4, Is 10:29.

3. passage in defensive works of Bab. Je 51:32.

† [עָבַשׁ] vb. shrivel (cf. Ar. عَبَسَ contract (esp. face), frown);—Qal Pf. 3 mpl. עָֽבְשׁוּ פְרֻדוֹת Jo 1:17 the grains have shrivelled (cf. Dr Now).

† [עָבַת] vb. Pi. wind, weave (cf. derivatives);—Impf. 3 mpl. sf. וַיְעַבְּתוּהָ Mi 7:3 and (so) they wind it (or weave it; i.e. mischief); so Hi Che GASm, but dub.; Ew rds. עָבַט = twist, prevert (cp. Jo 2:7, but v. עבט), We וַיְעַוְּתוּהָ = id., cf. Now (?), Dr.

עָבוֹת adj. having interwoven foliage, leafy;—עֵץ עָבוֹת leafy trees Ez 20:28, Ne 8:15; עֵץ עָבֹת Lv 23:40 (H); f. אֵלָה עֲבֻתָּה Ez 6:13 a leafy terebinth.—עָבוֹת 2 S 23:4, Ps 77:18 v. II. עָב sub עוּב.

עֲבֹת n.m.: Ju 15:13+ et f.:Ju 15:14 + (twisted) cord, rope; cordage; interwoven foliage (?);—abs. ע׳ Ex 28:14 + 2 t.; cstr. עֲבוֹת Is 5:18, Ps 129:4; sf. 3 ms. עֲבֹתוֹ Jb 39:10, 3 mpl. עֲבֹתֵָימוֹ Ps 2:3; pl. עֲבֹּתִים Ju 15:13 +, עֲבֹתֹת +, Ex 28:14 +, etc.;—

1. cord, rope: a. as fetter, Ju 15:13, 15:14, 16:11, 16:12, Ez 3:25, 4:8, Jb 39:10 (of wild ox), so also prob. Ps 118:27 bind the festal victim (חַה) with cords Ew Ol De Hup-Now Dr al.; > with branches Che, cf. Bae Du; fig. of authority Ps 2:3 (‖מוֹסְרוֹתֵימוֹ), 129:4. b. עֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה Is 5:18 i.e. with which a cart is drawn (in sim.; ‖חַבְלֵי הַשָּׁוְא); fig. עֲבֹתוֹת אַהֲבָה Ho 11:4 with the cords of love, of י׳'s drawing Isr. (‖ חַבְלֵי אָדָם). c. cordage, cord, of (twisted) golden chains on high priest's breast-piece (all P): מַעֲשֵׂה עֲבֹת, cordage-work Ex 28:14, 28:22, 39:15; שַׁרְשְׁרֹת הָעֲבֹתֹת 28:14 the chains of cords (cordlike chains); עֲבֹתֹת(הָ)שְׁתֵּי the two cords v:24, v:25, 39:17, 39:18.

2. interwoven foliage (?) in phr. בֵּין עֲבֹתִים(עַל־) of top of a vine Ez 19:11 (clouds Ew Hi-Sm Toy, rd. then עָבוֹת); of cedar, 31:3, 31:10, 31:14, but in these certainly clouds, so LXX Ew Hi-Sm Co al.

עֹג v. עוֹג p. 728

† [עָגַב] vb. have inordinate affection, lust (cf. Ar. عَجِبَ wonder, admire, عَجِيبُ beloved; and (on sens. obsc. in NH) Levy:NHWB iii. 616);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽגְבָה Ez 23:7, 23:9, 23:12; Impf. 3 fs. וַתַּעְגַּב v:5, + v:16 Kt (Qr וַתַּעְגְּבָה), וַתַּעְגְּבָּה v:20 (Ew:§ 191 c Ol:§ 228 b); Pt. pl. עֹגְבִים Je 4:30; —lust after (עַל־), only in fig. of relations of Samaria and Jerus. (personif.) with foreigners Ez 23:5, 23:9, 23:12, 23:16, 23:20, so c. acc. v:7; pt. as subst. paramours Je 4:30.

† [עָגָב] n.[m.] (sensuous) love (on form cf. Lag:BN 143);—only pl. intens. שִׁיר עֲגָבֹים Ez 33:32 thou art to them as a love-song.—For עֲגָבִים v:31 rd. כְּזָבִים LXX SyrVer Co Berthol Toy.

† [עֲגָבָה] n.f. lustfsless;—sf. עַגְבָתָהּ Ez 23:11 (of personif. Jerus.; ‖תַּזְנוּתֶיהָ).

עוּגָב n.m. a musical instr. (poss. from abov √, because of sensuous or appealing tones);—Gn 4:21 (J; כִּנּוֹר ֔), Jb 21:12 (‖תֹּף, כִּנּוֹר), Ps 150:4 (מִנִּים ֔), sf. עֻגָבִי Jb 30:31 (‖כִּנֹּרִי);—acc. to Targum a reed-pipe or flute (אַבוּבָא), Vulgate a Pan's pipe (organon, made up of several reeds together); Now:Arch. i. 277 Benz: Arch. 276 think of bag-pipe ( = סוּמְפֹּנְיָה Dn 3:5, 3:10, 3:15), cf. also in We PsalmPsalm Eng. Tr. 219; > a stringed instr. LXX SyrVer (Gn 4:21).

722

עֻגָה v. עוג. p. 728

עגל (√ of foll.; cf. NH עָגַל Niph. berounded; Pi. roll a thing, etc.; Aram. Pa. ܥܰܓܶܠ roll a thing, and deriv.; Targum עֲגוּלָא rolled cake, עֲגִילָא shield, בַּעֲגָלָא, Syr. ܒܰܥܓܰܠ in swiftnees, swiftly; Ar. عَجِلَ hasten, be swift, cf. Lag:BN 31, 143).

עֵ֫גֶל n.m.:Ex 32:24 calf (as rolling or circling about ? cf. כַּר fr. כָּרַר; NH id.; Ph. (Pu.) עגל id. Lzb:336; ענילו Palm. n.pr. id. Cook:89; Aram. ܥܶܓܠܳܐ, עִיגְלָא, עֲגַלְתָּא, id.; As. [agalu], pl. agalê prob. calves Dl:HWB 16 (cf. against this Jen Kosmol.110, but v. also Jäger:BAS ii. 2, 286); Ar. ܥܓܶܠܬܳܐ id.; Eth. عِجْلُ, cf. also Hom:NS 226);—ע׳ abs. Ex 32:19 +; cstr. 1 S 28:24 +; sf. עֶגְלֵךְ Ho 8:5; pl. עֲגָלִים Ho 13:2 +; cstr. עֶגְלֵי 1 K 12:28 +;—calf Is 11:6, 27:10 in sim. of leaping mts. Ps 29:6; in sim. of foot-sole of cherubim Ez 1:7; מַרְבֵּק ע׳ i.e. a stall-fed (fatted) calf 1 S 28:24, in sim. Je 46:21, Mal 3:20, cf. מִתּוֹךְ מַרְבֵּק ע׳ Am 6:4; לאֹ לֻמָָּד ע׳ Je 31:18 an untrained calf; עֶגְלֵי עַמִּים Ps 68:31 calves of peoples, i.e. peoples like calves, so most; perh. rd. בַּעֲלֵי עמ׳ Matthes Che Gunkel:Schöf. 66 f. cf. Bae; calf as sacrif. victim Mi 6:6, Lv 9:2, 9:3, 9:8 (P); cut in two, in ratifying covenant Je 34:18, 34:19 (cf. עֶגְלָה Gn 15:9); elsewh. image of calf: made at Horeb, מַסֵּכָה ע׳ Ex 32:4, 32:8, Dt 9:16, Ne 9:18; ע׳ alone Ex 32:19, 32:20, 32:24, 32:35, Dt 9:21, Ps 106:19; two set up by Jerob. I in N. Isr., 1 K 12:28, 12:32, 2 K 10:29, 17:16, 2 Ch 11:15, 13:8, cf. Ho 8:5, 8:6 (עגְלֵךְ, שֹׁמְרוֹן ע׳), 13:2; also 10:5 (v. 1. עֶגְלָה ad fin.).

† I. עֶגְלָה n.f. heifer;—abs. ע׳ Gn 15:9 +; cstr. עֶגְלַת Is 7:21 +; sf. עֶגְלָתִי Ju 14:18; pl. cstr. עֶגְלוֹת Ho 10:5 (but v. infr.);—heifer, Is 7:21, used in ploughing Ju 14:18 (fig.), threshing Je 50:11 (דָשָׁא ע׳, in sim., v. דּוּשׁ, read perh. דָשָׁה), fig. of stateliness etc. Je 46:20; מְלֻמָּדָה ע׳ Ho 10:11 a trained heifer (sim. of Ephr.); used for sacrif. 1 S 16:2 (עֶגְלַת בָּקָר); cut in two for ratifying covenant Gn 15:9 (J; מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת ע׳; cf. עֵגֶל Je 34:18, 34:19); in cleansing city from blood-guiltiness Dt 21:3 (בָּקָר ע׳), v:4, v:4, v:6; once of calves worshipped in N. Isr. Ho 10:5 (where read prob. עֵגֶל, so LXX We Now GASm, cf. Che, v. also the foll. sfs. ms.).

† II. עֶגְלָה n.pr.f. wife of David (on sense heifer cf. לֵאָה, רָחֵל; v. also Gray:Prop. N. 92, No.27);—2 S 3:5 (LXX Αιγαλ, A Αιγας, LXXL Αγλα) = 1 Ch 3:3 (LXX Αλα, A Αγλα, LXXL Εγλα).

עֶגְלַת n.pr.loc.;—שְׁלִשִׁיָּה ע׳ (the) third, Eglath Is 15:5 (LXX δάμαλις τριερής) Je 48:34 (LXX ἀγγελιαν Σαλασεια), near Zoar and S. border of Moab.

עָגֹל, עָגוֹל adj. round;—abs. עָגֹל 1 K 7:23 + 2 t., עָגוֹל10:19, 2 Ch 4:2; fpl. עֲגֻלּוֹת 1 K 7:31; —round 1 K 7:31, 7:31 (opp. מְרֻבָּעוֹת), 10:19; סָבְיב ע׳ round in circuit (perimeter) 7:23 = 2 Ch 4:2, 1 K 7:35.

עֲגָלָה n.f. cart (from rolling of wheels; NH id.; Ph. (Pu.) עגלת (?) Lzb:336; Aram. עֲגַלְתָּא, ܥܳܓܶܠܬܳܐ; Sem. loan-word in Egypt. āgaræȧ Bondi:38, ‘agolt Erman:Egypt, 491; cf. also Wilkinson:Anc. Egypt. (1878), i. 223–241, esp. 235, also 249 (illustr. vehicles drawn by cattle, cf. 1 S 6:7, Nu 7:3));—abs. ע׳ 1 S 6:7 +, sf. עֶגְלָתוֹ Is 28:28; pl. עֲגָלוֹת Gn 45:19 +; cstr. עֶגְלֽת Nu 7:3; —cart, used for transporting persons and things Gn 45:19, 45:21, 45:27, 46:5 (E), 1 S 6:7, 6:7, 6:8, 6:10, 6:11, 6:14, 6:14, 2 S 6:3, 6:3 = 1 Ch 13:7; 13:7; Nu 7:3 (חָב ע׳ covered carts), v:3, v:6, v:7, v:8 (P); in sim. Am 2:13, עֲבוֹת הַע׳ Is 5:18 cart-rope, אוֹפַן ע׳ 28:27 of (threshing-) wagon (cf. Dr:Am. p. 228), גִּלְגַּל ע׳ v:28 id.;ע׳ = war-chariots only Ps 46:10 (Du transport-wagons).

עָגִיל n.[m.] hoop, ring;—abs. ע׳ Nu 31:50 prob. ear-ring (טַבַּעַת ֔, etc.); pl. עֲגִילִים עַל־ אָזְנָָיִח Ez 16:12 (+ נֶזֶן עַל־אַפֵח nose-ring).

עֶגְלוֹן:13 n.pr. (cf. Gray: Prop. N. 92, No. 27);—†

1. m. a king of Moab, Ju 3:12, 3:14, 3:15, 3:17, 3:17, LXX Εγλωμ.

2. loc. Jos 10:3, 10:5, 10:23, 10:37, 12:12, 15:34, c. ה loc. 10:34, מֵעֶגְלוֹ֫נָה v:36; LXX Οδολλαμ Jos 10; Αιλαμ 12:12, A Εγλωμ, LXX Εγλων, and so 15:39; site ï‘Aǧlân, N. of Tele-el-Ḥesy, Buhl:Geogr. 192.

עֶגְלַ֫יִם Ez 47:10 in עֵין ע׳ q.v. p. 745

מַעְגָּל n.m.:Ps 65:12

1. entrenchment;

2. track;—abs. מ׳ 1 S 26:5 +, c. ה loc. הַמַּעְגָּ֫לָה 17:20; cstr. מַעְגַּל Pr 5:26 +; pl. cstr. מַעְגְּלֵי Ps 23:3, Pr 4:11; sf. מַעְגָּלֶיְ Ps 65:12, elsewh. מַעְגְּלוֹתֶיְ 17:5, מַעְגְּלֽתָיו Pr 5:21, תֶיהָ- 2:12, 5:6, תָם- 2:15, Is 59:8; —1. circumvallation, entrenchment 1 S 17:20, 26:5, 26:7. 2. track (prop. wagon-track), only fig.: a. in fig. of snares of wicked Ps 140:6. b. = course of action, or life, רַגֱלְָ מ׳ Pr 4:26, מ׳ 5:21 (‖דַּרְכֵי־אִישׁ); specif. good, right, חֶדֶק מ׳ Ps 23:3, ישֶׁר מ׳ Pr 4:11, טוֹב מ׳ 2:9, חַדִּיק מ׳ Is 26:7; bad sense Pr 2:15, 2:18, 5:6, Is 59:8; tracks of י׳ are those approved by him Ps 17:5; or those traversed by him, מַעְגָּלֶיְ וִרְעֲפוּן דָָּשֶׁן 65:12 fig. of richly-laden cart dropping its contents in its track.

723

†[עָגַם] vb. be grieved (NH id; Aram. עֲגַם, and ܥܓܡ (in Lexx.) id; cf. perh. also As. agâmu, be vexed Dl:HWB 16 (rare; cited under אגם));—Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽגְמָה נַפְשַׁי …אִם־לאֹ לָאֶבְיוֹן Jb 30:25 was not my soul grieved for the poor ? (‖בָּכִיתִי).

†[עָגַן] vb. Niph. shut oneself in or off (NH id., Pt. pass. restrained (esp. from marriage), also עוֹגִין anchor; Targum עֲגַן be imprisoned);—Impf. 2 fpl. תֵּעָגֵ֫נָה לְבִלְתִּי הֱיוֹת לְאִישׁ Ru 1:13 would ye shut yourselves off, so as not to belong to a man ?

עגר (√ of foll., meaning dubious; conject. in Meier:Wurzel WB 38 Lag:BN 59; on Gk. ἀγορ cf. Lewy:Fremdw. 8).

עָגוּר n.[m.] appar. understood by Mass. as name of a bird; very uncertain; crane acc. to Saad. (Is), but note of crane not suitable (Tristr:NHB 239 f.);—וְתוֹר וְסוּס וְעָגוּר Je 8:7; כְּסוּס עָגוּר Is 38:14 (but here gloss Klo Brd Di Dn Che:Hpt); Thes and (in Je) Hi Gf Gie del. וְ and take ע׳ as adj. of סוס = twittering or the like; Thes assumes transpos. fr. גער, Eth. g9ra: cry.

I, II, III. עַד v. I. עדה. עֵד v. עוד. p.729

עֹד v. עוֹד. עִדֹּא v. עדד. below, p.728

עדד (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. عَدَّ count, reckon, عِدَّةُ number, period; Aram. עִדָּנָא time).

†[עִדָּה] n. f. menstruation, so Vrss (prop. time, period);—pl. abs. בֶּגֶד עִדִּים Is 64:5 i.e. stained garment (fig. of best deeds of guilty people; ‖טָמֵא).

עִדּוֹ, עִדֹּא, עִדּוֹא n. pr. m. Iddo;—

1. father of an officer of Sol. עִדֹּא 1 K 4:14; LXX Αχελ, A Σαδωκ, LXXL Αχιαβ

2. grandfather of prophet Zechariah עִדּוֹ Zc 1:1, עִדּוֹא v:7; LXX Αδδω.

3. a Levite עִדּוֹ 1 Ch 6:6; LXX Αδει, LXXL Αδδω.

4. a priestly name עִדוֹא van d. H. Ginsb (Baer עִדּוֹ) Ne 12:4; LXX א etc. Αδαιας; also עדיא v:16 Kt (עֲדָיָא?), Qr עִדּוֹא; LXX א τῷ Αδδαι, LXXL τῳ Αδαια.

5. a seer עִדּוֹ הַחֹזֶה 2 Ch 12:15 = הַנָּכִיא עִדּוֹ 2 Ch 13:22, LXX Αδ(δ)ω; = יֶעְדּוֹ 2 Ch 9:29, Ιωηλ(δ).

עֹדֵד v. עוד. p.729

†I. עָדָה vb. pass on, advance (Ar. (عدو) عَدَا pass by, also run = Eth. 9adawa: pass by; Aram. עדי go along, go by (oft. for Heb. עָבַר, Aph. remove; Syr. ܥܕܳܐ pass by, come, c. ܥܰܠ fall upon);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. עָדָה Jb 28:8 the fierce lion hath not advanced upon it (sc. the way). Hiph. Pt. מַעֲדֶה בֶּגֶד Pr 25:20 removing a garment (cf. 38:19 Targum, Jon 3:6 Heb. and Targum).

†I. עַד and וָעֶָד (so alw.) n. m. perpetuity (= advancing time, cf. As. adû, time at the present times);—

1. of past time: מִנִּי עַר Jb 20:4; הררי עד Hb 3:6 ancient mountains (cf. עולם 1.).

2. of future time, לָעַד (usu. לָעַָד) for ever: a. during lifetime, of king Ps 21:7, Pr 29:14; of others Ps 9:19, 22:27, 61:9, Pr 12:19. b. of things, לָעַד בַּצּוּר יֵחָֽחֵבָוּן Jb 19:24. c. of continuous existence, of nations, גְּבֶרֶת עַד (of Babylon, cf. עולם 2c) Is 47:7 (yet v. III. עַד II 3); anger, לעד Am 1:11; elsewh. עֲדֵי עַד Ps 83:18, 92:8, Is 26:4, 65:18. d. of divine existence, שֹׁכֵן עַד Is 57:15; attributes, לָעַד Ps 111:3, 111:10, 112:3, 112:9; residence in Zion, עֲדֵי עַד 132:14; law of God לָעַד 19:10; promise as to dynasty of David, לָעד 89:30; עֲדֵי עַד 132:12; inheritance of land, לָעַד 37:29; continuous relations between God and his people 1 Ch 28:9, Is 64:8, Mi 7:18 לעד. e. phrases (see עולם 2 m): וְֹלָם וָעֶָד(לְ) Ps 9:6, 10:16, 21:5, 45:7, 45:18, 48:15, 52:10, 104:5, 119:44, 145:1, 145:2, 145:21, Ex 15:18, Mi 4:5, Dn 12:3; לָעַד לְעוֹלָם Ps 111:8, 148:6; עַד־עוֹלְמֵי עַד Is 45:17.—Is 30:8 rd. (עַד־עוֹלָם) לְעֵד for a witness SyrVer Vulgate Targum Ges Ew Di Che Du) for MT לָעַד.

†II. עַד n.[m.] booty, prey (upon which one advances, falls);—יאֹכַל עַד Gn 49:27 devour prey (‖שָׁלָל); עַד שָׁלָל מַרְבֶּה Is 33:23 prey of great spoil; קוּמִי לְעַד Zp 3:8 (of God) my rising up to the prey (Br:Mp); אֲבִי עַד Is 9:5 father i.e. distributor) of booty (Hi Kn Kue Br:Mp Du Che:Hpt; > Ges Ew Di al. everlasting father).

III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי († Nu 24:20, 24:24, Ps 104:23, 147:6, Jb 7:4, 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Is 26:4, 65:18, Ps 83:18, 92:8, 132:12, 132:14:cf. אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aram. עד, ܥܕ Sab. עד, עדי, Mordtm:ZMG xxx (1876), 27; DHM:xxxvii (1883), 414, As. adi Dl:§ 81 a (Ar. عَدَا is except); perh akin to عَدَا pass on, advance to, Kö:ii. 304, 309: עֲדֵי prob. from ground-form ï‘ădăy, Ol:428, 431 Kö:ii. 309 ff.; but Lag:Sym. ii. 101–3, Mitth. i. 231 f., as plur. like אַחֲרֵי);—with sf. עָדַי Nu 23:18 +, עָדֶיְ Mi 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵםJb 32:12; 2 K 9:18 עַד־הֵם occurs;—as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Ar. حَتَّي Fl:Kl. Schr. i. 402 f.): I. prep.1 of space;—a. Gn 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, 12:6, 13:3, 13:12 + oft., Is 8:8 עד חואר יגעַ, 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, 25:12, 26:5, Ps 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, 69:2 דאו מים עד נפשׁ (cf. Jon 2:6, Mi 1:9, Je 4:10, 4:18), 90:3 תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֹשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Jb 11:7, etc,; pregn. Ps 118:27 אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו׳ bind…(and lead) up to…; Is 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Ex 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1 S 9:9, Ps 65:3 עָדֶיְ כָל־בָּשָׂר יָבאֹוּ Is 45:24, Jb 4:5, שׁוּב עַד י׳ Ho 14:2 al. (v. שׁוּב, stronger than שׁוּב אֶל־י׳); poet. Nu 24:20 וְאַחֲדִיתוֹ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, v:24; rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד † Nu 23:18, הִתְבּוֹנֵן עַדJb 32:12, 38:18 (usu. אֶל). Before another perp., 1 S 7:11 עַד מִתַּחַת ל׳ 1 K 4:12 עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל׳, עַד מֵעַל Ez 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Est 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) עַד אְלֵיהֶם 2 K 9:20:cf. עַד נֶגֶד Ne 3:16, 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Ju 19:10 +.

b. In the combin. עַד(וְ) …מִן , as Gn 10:19 עַד עַזָּה …מחידון from Sidon…as far as Gaza + oft. (v. מן 5 a); and idiom., not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Gn 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (v. מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Lv 11:42, Nu 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, cf. 1 S 18:4.

2. Of time: a. (a) even to, until Gn 8:5 even to the 10th month, Ex 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., v:15, v:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Gn 19:37, 19:38, עד היום הזה 26:33, 32:33, both + oft.; עד יום sq. inf. Ex 40:37, Jos 6:10, Ju 18:30; עד בקר till morning, Ex 12:10 + (15 t.), עד הבקר 16:23 + (11 t.); so ערב(ה)עד Ex 18:13, 18:14 +, poet. עֲרֵי ערב Ps 104:23; עַד עוֹלָם Gn 13:15 + oft.; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים 2 K 4:35; עַד דּוֹר וָדוֹר Is 13:20; v. also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, ad fin. And sq. another prep., Lv 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Ne 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Ju 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; cf. (b) end. (b) sq. inf., both of past time, as Gn 8:7, not found32:35 עַד עֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר, 33:3, 34:5, and esp. future time, as 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְְ until thy returning, 19:22, 27:45, Dt 7:20, 7:23, 20:20, 22:2, 28:20, 28:22, —both + oft.; cf. עַד בּוֹשׁ Ju 3:25 +; …עַד תֹּם Lv 25:29 + 10 t.; עַד תֻּמָּם Dt 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה2 K 13:17, 13:19, Ezr 19:14; (ם)עַד כַּלּוֹתָ 1 S 15:18, Je 9:15 +; עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר Ju 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְְ אֹתָם Dt 7:24 (cf. 28:48 Jos 11:14, 1 K 15:29, 2 K 3:25, 10:17, 24:20 [‖ Je 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֹ]; on the anom. הִ׳, v. Dr, rd. prob. הַ׳); and most prob. cf. Kö:iii. 583) in שָׂרִיד (לָהֶם)עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ Dt. 3:3 (v. Dr), + 5 t. (v. supr. p. 117), rd. prob. הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, esp. in (ם)עַד בֹּאָ, Gn 43:25, Ex 22:25, Nu 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tab. against their coming, 2 K 16:11, Ez 33:22; cf. 2 S 17:22. Ellipt. Ju 16:2 עַד אוֹד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr:§ 115). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q.v.) as עַד אָנָה, עַד־מָה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, cf. עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (v. מָה 4 b). (d) to suffest also degree (cf. 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֹם until there is no place Is 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּרPs 40:13, Jb 5:9, 9:10; cf. Lv 26:18 וְאִם־עַד־אֵלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.

b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, cf. ἔως: so oft. Aram. עַד, ܥܰܕ, while), 2 K 9:22 what is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,? Jb 20:5 עֲדֵי רָָגַע during a moment; sq. inf. Ju 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Ex 33:22, Jb 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jon 4:2.

3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (v. מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to hastePs 147:15; Est 5:6 וּמַה־בֻּקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַד־חֲחִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ, v:3; 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a neg., to express not even as much as, Dt 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארחם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָָגֶל, and with אֶחָד, † Ex 9:7 עַד־אֶחָד …לאֹ מֵת , simil. 14:28, Ju 4:16, 2 S 17:22 (rd. אֶחָד for אַחַד: v. Dr). Sts. almost = Lat. adeo, 1 S 2:5 (si vera l.) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Jb 25:5 הן עד־יָרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Hg 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Na 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dub.) entangled even like thorns, 1 Ch 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. Cf.. 2 S 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לאֹ בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

II. Conj. 1. until;—a עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with pf., of past time, Ex 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Dt 9:21), Dt 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Jos 3:17, 8:26, Ju 4:24, 1 K 10:7 (2 Ch 9:6), 2 K 17:20, 17:23, 21:16; with suggestion of degree, 1 S 30:4 (sq. אֵין), 1 K 17:17; rarely of future time (the ‘future perfect,’ Dr:§ 17), 2 S 17:13 (of degree), Ez 34:21 So -עַד שֶׁ (oft. in NH; v. שֶׁ) † Ju 5:7, Ct 3:4, 3:4; עַד כִּיGn 26:13 עַד כִּי־גָדַל מְאֹד, 41:49, 2 S 23:10, 2 Ch 26:15; and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִםGn 28:15, Nu 32:17, Is 6:11. (b) with impf., usu. of future time, Gn 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיְ, 29:8, Ex 23:30, 24:14, Lv 22:4, Nu 11:20, 20:17, 1 S 22:3, Ho 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jon 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Ec 2:3. So (of the future) -עַד שֶׁ † Ct 2:7, 2:17, 3:5, 4:6, 8:4, Ps 123:2; and עַד כִּיGn 49:10 עַד כִּי־יָבאֹ שִׁילֽה.

b. עַד alone, until: (a) with pf., of past time, Jos 2:22, 4:23 עַד־עָבַרְנוּ, 1 S 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, 2 S 21:10, 1 K 11:16, Ez 28:15; of the future (rare), 2 K 7:3 עַד מָָתְנוּ, Ez 39:15, Dn 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָָעַם. So עַד סִם (of the fut.), † Gn 24:19, 24:33, Is 30:17, Ru 2:21. (b) with impf., of future time, 1 S 1:22 (ellipt.: cf. Ju 16:2, 12 a (b) end), Is 22:14, 26:20, 32:15, 62:1, 62:7, Ps 57:2, 71:18, Jb 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Ex 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, v:16, Jos 10:13 (poet.) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֹי אוֹיְבָיו, Ps 73:17.—N. B. In poetry, עַד is sts. used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the fut., as Ps 110:1 (v. De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיְ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיְ, Ho 10:12, Jb 14:6 (but v. 3); after a neg. cl., Gn 49:10, Nu 23:24, Is 42:4, Ps 71:18, 112:8, Jb 8:21 (but rd. prob. with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding v:20 as present, not future).

2. While (rare: cf. 12 b):—a. with pf., 1 S 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake. b. with impf., Ps 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by. c. with ptcp., Jb 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but rd. prob. עֹד, as v:16, v:17), Ne 7:3. d. -עַד שֶׁ (without vb.) † Ct 1:12. So עַד לאֹ while not = ere yet (of past time) † Pr 8:26 עד לא עשׂה אדץ (so עַד לָא, ܠܳܐ ܥܰܕ, oft., e.g. Gn 24:15 Targum, Mt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the fut.) † Ec 12:1, 12:2, 12:6 (cf. Talm. עַד דְּלָא, Mishn. שֶׁלּאֹ עַד).

3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Is 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לאֹ שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; v. 1. עַד); Jb 14:6 (Di De Bu Du ) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Is 22:14 (Du). In Jos 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׁר עַד כֹּה בֵּֽרְכַנִי י׳, rd. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; cf. Di).

III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Ch Ezr, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

1. of space: לְבוֹא חֲמָת עַד Jos 13:5, Ju 3:3, 1 Ch 13:5, מִדְבָּ֫רָה עד ל׳ 5:9, מחרים עד ל׳ 2 Ch 16:8; עַד לְמִזְרַהּ הַגָּ֑יְא 1 Ch 4:39, עַד לַמְחָד 12:17; עַד לִגְרָר 2 Ch 14:12; עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם 2 Ch 28:9, Ezr 9:6.

2. Of time: עד לעולם 1 Ch 23:25, 28:7; לְמֵרָחוֹק עַד 2 Ch 26:15, Ezr 3:13; Ezr 9:4 עד למנחת הערב; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezr 10:14 prob. during (Keil: Ges Be with regard to, strengthened for לְ); sq. inf. עַד לַעֲלוֹת הַמִּנְחָה 1 K 18:29; עַד לִכְלוֹת 1 Ch 28:20, 2 Ch 29:28; עַד לְכַלֵּה 2 Ch 24:10, 31:1; עד להשׁחית 26:16; עַד לָמוּת 32:24 (‖ 2 K 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezr 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

3. Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֹל even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1 Ch 12:23; עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly 2 Ch 16:12, 17:12, 26:8; עַד לִמְאֹד 2 Ch 16:14; עַד לְשִׂמְחָה 29:30 עַד לָרֹב not found31:30; עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 36:16.

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עֲדֶ֫נַָה Ec 4:2 Baer Ginsb (al. עֲדֶ֫נָּה), abbrev. עֲדֶן Ec 4:3 (from עַד־הֵנָּה, עַל־הֵן; cf. NH עֲדַיִן e. g. Ned. 9:10), adv. hitherto, still.

†II. עָדָה vb. ornament, deck oneself (Aram. in deriv. עִידּוּת, ornament; cf. perh. עֲדִיתָא, scurf, scab; Ar. عَدْوَي mange, scab, etc. [as sheathing, or excrescence ?], also عِدَني, broad stone for covering grave, etc., Lane:1979);—Qal Pf. 2 fs. וְעָדִית Ez 23:40; Impf. 3 fs. תַּעְדֶּה Is 61:10, וַתַּ֫עַד Ho 2:15; 2 fs. תַּעְדִּי Je 4:30, 31:4, וַתַּעְדִּי Ez 16:13; 1 S. sf. וָאֶעְדֵךְ v:11; Imv. ms. עֲדֵה־נָא Jb 40:10; —ornament; usu.

1. a. reflex., deck oneself with, c. acc. of (woman's) ornaments, of bride Is 61:10 (sim.; cf. הִלְבִּישׁ va); fig. of Isr. Ho 2:15, Je 31:4; Jerus. Je 4:30 (c. acc. cogn,; ‖לָבַשׁ), Ez 16:13 (מַלְבּוּשֵׁךְ in ‖ clause), 23:40 (c. acc. cogn.). b. metaph., עֲדֵה־נָא גָאוֹן וגוי Jb 40:10 deck now thyself [Job] with majesty.

2. c. 2. acc., וָאֶעְדֵךְ עֶָדִי Ez 16:11 and I decked thee [Jerus.] with finery (? rd. Hiph. וָאַ׳).

עָדָה n. pr. f. (ornament; or (Ar. غُدْوَةُ, غَدْوَتُ) morning) LXX Αδ(δ)α;—wife,

1. of Lamech Gn 4:19, 4:20, 4:23 (J).

2. of Esau 36:2, 36:4, 36:10, 36:12, 36:16 (P:R).

עֲדִי n.[m.] coll. ornaments (with which one is decked);—ע׳ abs. Is 49:18, עֶָדי Ez 16:11, 23:40; cstr. 2 S 1:24 +; sf. עֶדְיוֹ Ex 33:4 +, עֶדְיְְ Ex 33:5, etc.;—ornaments:

1. of women 2 S 1:24 (זָהָב ע׳), Je 2:32; of Jerus. under fig. of woman 4:30 (זָהָב ע׳), Ez 16:11, 23:40 (all acc. cogn. c עָדָה), Is 49:18 (sim.).—עֲדִי עֲדָיִים Ez 16:7, rd. prob. עַד עִדִּים unto menstruation (maturity), JDMich Co Berthol (rdg. בְּעֵת עִדּ׳), Toy. עֶדְיֵךְ Ps 103:5 [sf. ref. to נַפְשִׁי] is dub., LXX τ. ἐπιθυμίαν σου [rdg. אַוָּתֵךְ ? this usu. c. נֶפֶשׁ]; thine age, prime (cf. I. עַד) JDMich; Thes; conject. in Hup-Now Che Du.

2. of men Ex 33:4, 33:5, 33:6 (JE)

3. in gen., as feeding pride Ez 7:20 (חְבִי עֶדְיוֹ, sf. ref. to silver and gold, v:19)

4. trappings of horse Ps 32:9 (De Hup, cf. Du), si versa l., but prob, corrupt; Che (after v. Ortenb.) לִבְלָּם עַד יוּבַל אֵלֶיְ must be curbed till he can be brought, etc.

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עֲדִיאֵל n.pr.m. (an ornament is Ēl; cf. Sab. n.pr. עדאל Hal:51, Hal:2);—

1. a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:36, LXXA Εδιηλ, LXXL Αδαηλ.

2. a priest 1 Ch 4:36, LXX Αδιηλ.

3. father of officer, David's time 27:25, LXX Ωδιηλ—Cf. Gray:Prop, N. 225, 231.

† (וּ)עֲדָיָ֫ה n.m.pr.m. (י׳ has decked himself);—

1. עֲדָיָ֫הוּ father of a Judaean captain 2 Ch 23:1, LXX Αζεια, A Αδαια, LXXL Αδαιου (genit.). Elsewhere עֲדָיָה:

2. grandfather of Josiah 2 K 22:1, LXX Εδεινα, A Ιεδιδα, LXXL Οζιου (genit.)

3. a Levite 1 Ch 6:26, LXX Αζεια, A LXXL Αδ(α)ια.

4. Benjamite 8:21, LXX Αβια, A Αλαια, LXXL Αδαια.

5. a priest 9:12 Ne 11:12, LXX Αδαια(ς).

6. two with foreign wives: a Ezr 10:29, LXX Αδα, LXXL Αδαιας. b. v:39, LXX Αδαια, LXXL Αδδαιας.

7. a Judahite Ne 11:5, LXX. Οζ(ε)ια, LXXL Αδαια.

עֲדִיתַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. town of Judah in the שְׁפֵלָה Jos 15:36. LXXA Αδιαθαειμ, LXXL Αγεθθαιμ.

I עֵדָה v. יִער II. III . עֵדָה v. עיר p. 417, 729f

[עִדָּה], (א)עִדּוֹ v. עדד. עֵדֻת עֵדוּת v. עוד p. 723, 730

עֲדִי, עֲדִיאֵל, (ו)עֲדָיָה v. II. עדה p 725, above

עדיא v. עדּוֹא. עִדִּים v. עִדָּה p. 723

עֲדִיתַיִם v. עדה p.726

I. עדל (√ of foll.; poss. = Ar. عَدَلَ act equitably (so Thes), As. edlu, hero).

עַדְלָָי n.pr.m. 1 Ch 27:29, LXX. Αδαι, LXXL Αδλι.

II. עדל (√ of foll,; cf. Ar.عَدُلَ turn aside, whence עֲדֻלָּם = retreat, refuge, so Lag BN 54, cf. Dr:Sm. p. 293 Bhul:Geogr. 97).

עֲדֻלָּם n.pr.loc old Canaanite city, LXX Οδολλαμ, with king Jos 12:15 (D), in the שְׁפֵלָה 15:35 (P; LXXL Αδαλαμ ), cf. Mi 1:15, Ne 11:30; (re-)built by Rehod. acc. to 2 Ch 11:17 (Οδολαμ); מְעָרֵת ע׳ (rd. מְחֻדַת, מְחָדַת, v. מְעָרָה sub I. ערר) 1 S 22:1, 2 S 23:13, 1 Ch 11:15; site prob. Iï‘d-el-Mîye ( 'Aid el-Ma), c. 13 miles WSW. from Bethlehem, v. GASm:Geogr.229 Buhl:Geogr.193 and reff.

עֲדֻלָּמִי adj.gent. Adullamite;—אִישׁ ע׳ Gn 38:1, הָע׳ as subst. v:12, v:20.

I. עדן (√ of foll,; cf. Ar. غَدَنُ mollities, lanquor, etc., Frey (Kam.); Palm. עדנא (good) fortune Cook:89; NH עִידּוּן luxuriousness).

†I. [עֵ֫דֶן] n.[m.] luxury, dainty, delight;—pl. abs. עֲדָנִים luxuries 2 S 1:24 Si versa l. (rd. perh. סְדִינִים [v. סָדִין] Klo Gr HPS); pl. sf. Je 51:34 he hath filled his belly מֵעֲדָנָ֑י from my dainties (fig. of Nebuchad.'s plunder; Gie reads מֵעֲדַגָּ֑י); Targum Gf Rothst join with foll.: from my dainties hath he thrust me forth; fig. of delights of worshipping י׳, נַחַל עֲדֶנֶיְ Ps 36:9 (‖דֶּשֶׁן כֵּיתְֶָ ).

† [עָדַן] vb.denom.Hitp. luxuriate (NH Pi. delight (act.), so Syr. ܥܰܕܶܢ;—Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעַדְּנוּ בְּטוּבְְ Ne 9:25 and they luxuriated in thy great goodness (+ וַיּאֹכְלוּ וַיִּשְׂבְּעוּ וַיַּשְׁמִינוּ).

† II. עֵ֫דֶן n.pr.m. Levite name 2 Ch 29:12 (LXX Ιω(α)δαν), 31:15 (LXX. Οδομ, LXXL Ιαδαν).

עַדְנָא n.pr.m. 1. man with foreign wife Ezr 10:30 (Ginsb; עַדְנָה van d. H. Baer), LXX. Αιδαινε, LXXL Εδ́α. 2. Ne 12:5, LXX א Αδάας, LXXL Εδ́ας.

עֶדְנָה n.f. delight;—Gn 18:12 (sexual).

עֵדְנָה n.pr.m.1. a prince of Judah 2 Ch 17:14, LXX. Εδ́α(α)ς 2. a Manassite 1 Ch 12:21, prob. (rdg. ע׳), with Codd., for עַדְנַח; van d. H. עַדְנָח, LXX Εδ́α).—Vid. also עַדְנָא. above

† I. [עָדִין] adj. voluptuous;—fs. עֲדִינָה as subst. Is 47:8 of Bab. personified, (thou) voluptuous one.עֲדִינוֹ העחנו 2 S 23:8, read חֲנִיתוֹ עוֹרֵר אֶת־, ‖ 1 Ch 11:11 Th We Dr, cf. Ginsb:note.

† II. עָדִין n.pr.m. 1. in בְּנֵי ע׳, returned exiles Ezr 2:15 = Ne 7:20, Ezr 8:6, LXX. Αδ(δ)ιν, Ηδ(ε)ί, etc. 2. a chief Ne 10:17, LXX. Ηδ(ε)ιν, Αδειν.

עֲדִינָא n.pr.m. Reubenite captian, David's time, acc, to 1 Ch 11:42, LXX Αδ(ε)ινα.

† [מַעֲדָן] n.[m.] dainty (food), delight only pl.;—מַעֲדַגֵּי מֶלָךְ Gn 49:20 royal dainties; הָאֹכְלִים לְמַעֲדַנִּים La 4:5 those who ate (acc. to dainties) daintily; more gen. וְיִתֵּן מַעֲדַנִּים לְנַפְשְֶָׁ Pr 29:17 he shall give delight to thy soul (‖וִינִידְֶָ).—מַעֲדַנּוֹת v. p. 588, also sub ענד. p. 772

II. עדן (√ of foll.; cf. perh. As. edinu, plain (in word-lists), Schr:Cot Gn 2, 8, Dl:Pa 79 f.; other views v. Di:Gn 2, 8).

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† III. עֵ֫דֶן n.pr.terr. (prob. associated by Heb. with I. עֵדֶן);—district in which lay garden of י׳ home of Adam and Eve: וַיִּטַּע גַּן־בְּעֵדֶן Gn 2:8, river יֹחֵא מֵע׳ v:10, קִדְמַת־ע׳ 4:16; גַּן־ע׳ 2:15, 3:23, 3:24 (all LXX Εδεμ); cf. כְּגַן־ע׳ Ez 36:35, Jo 2:3 and כְּע׳ Is 51:3 (‖גַּן־י׳), all sim. of fertility; גַּן־אֱלֽהִים ע׳ Ez 28:13, אֲשֶׁר בְּגַן הָאֱלֽהַים עֲחֵי ע׳ 31:9, עֲחֵי ע׳ v:16, v:18, v:18 (LXX Ez Jo ἡ τρυφή; Is παράδεισος).

עֶ֫דֶן n.pr. (? urb. Et) terr. conquered by Assyria (prob. = iv. עֵדֶן; pointed עֶדֶן to differentiate from III. ע׳, cf. WMM:As. u. Eur. 291);—בְּנֵי־ע׳ 2 K 19:12 (LXX υἱοὺς ̓́Εδεμ) = Is 37:12 (in Telassau), ע׳ alone Ez 27:23 (+ חָרָן וְכַנֶּה); prob. = (Bit-)Adini of Middle Euphrates Schr:COT 2 K 19, 12 Dl:Pa 263 f. —

בֵּית ע׳, v. p. 112.

עֲדֶן, עֲדֶ֫נָה v. עַד prep. sub I. עדה p. 725

עַדְנַח v. עַדְנָה sub I. עדן. p. 726

עַדְעָדָה v. II. עֲרוֹעֵר sub II. ערר p. 793

† [עָדַף] vb. remain over, be in excess, syn. of סרח q.v., only PH (NH id., Aram. עָדִיף superior (to); Ar. غَدَفَ be profuse, IV. let down veil, or curtain, etc.; غَدَفُ plentifulness);—Qal Pt. סֶרַח הָעֹדֵף Ex 26:12 the surplus (of curtains) that remains over, so f. הָעֹדֶ֫פֶת v:12, and הָעֹדֵף as subst. v:13 the excess in (ב) length; הָעֹדֵף = the surplus of food Ex 16:23, of price of field Lv 25:27; הָעֹדְפִים עַל־ those over and above, Nu 3:46, 3:49, cf. v:48 (no עַל־). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעְדִּיף Ex 16:18 have a surplus (of manna; opp. הֶחְסִיר).

† I. [עָדַר] vb. prob. (si vera 1.) help (Aram. loan-word, Syr. ܥܕܰܪ Targum עֲדַר (rare) = Heb. עזר q.v.; > Thes, assuming mng. arrange, order);—Qal Inf. cstr. לַעֲדֹר 1 Ch 12:34 (Baer Ginsb; van d. H. v:33; this mng. also LXX Vulgate); but < Codd. לַעֲוֹר (cf. v:18, v:22, v:23, van d. H. v:17, v:21, v:22), so Kau Buhl; Pt. pl. cstr. עֹדְרֵי מַעֲרָכָה v:39 (van d. H. v:38), rd. עֹרְכֵי (q.v. v:34) LXX Kau; see ערך.

עַדְרִיאֵל n.pr.m. son-in-law of Saul (appar. Aram. name, my help is God = Heb. עַזְרִיאֵל q.v.; so Ne:Am. Jour. Sem. Lang, xiii (1897), 173 HPS cf. Gray:Prop. N. 309; cf. OAram. יעדראל ClGann:J As, 1883, Eev.-Mar., 139, No.13);—1 S 18:19 (LXX A Ιηλ, LXXL Εδριηλ), 2 S 21:8 (LXX Σερει, A Εσδρι, LXXL Εζρι).

† II. [עָדַר] vb. hoe (NH id.; so Ar. (in Syria) عَدَرَ, مَعْدُور pick, hoe, Cuche (معدور also Dozy:ii. 101 b); cf. Fl:Kl. Schr. ii. 628);—Niph. Impf. 3 ms. לאֹ יֵעָדֵר Is 5:6 it (the vineyard) shall not be hoed (‖יִזָּמֵר); 3 mpl. כַּמַּעְדֵּר יֵעָדֵרָוּן 7:25 which used to be hoed with the hoe (subj. הֶהָרִים).

מַעְדֵּר n.[m.] hoe Is 7:25, v. foregoing.

†III. [עָדַר] vb. Niph. be lacking, fail (Ar. غَدِرَ remain or lag behind);—Niph. Pf., all c. לאֹ 3 ms. נֶעְדַּר לָהֶם 1 S 30:19 not anything was lacking to them; נֶעְדָָּר none was lacking 2 S 17:22, Is 40:25; of י׳, Zp 3:5 he doth not fail; 3 fs. נֶעְדָּ֔רָה Is 34:16 no wild beast is lacking. Pt. f. נֶעְדֶּ֫רֶת Is 59:15 truth has become lacking. Pi. Impf. 3 mpl. לאֹ יְעֲדְּרוּ דָּבָָּר 1 K 5:7 they left nothing lacking.

† I. עֵ֫דֶר n.m.:Gn 29:2 flock, herd (NH id.; Aram. עַדְרָא; on LXX Γαδερ Gn 35:16 ( = HCT v:21) v. Lag:BN 76 f., who assigns ע׳ therefore, plausibly, to III. עדר (غدر), as lagging, loitering);—ע׳ abs. Gn 32:17, 32:17 +, cstr. Ct 4:1 +; sf. עֶדְרוֹ Is 40:11 +; pl. עֲדָרִים Gn 29:2 +, cstr. עֶדְרֵי Mi 5:7 +, etc.;—

1. flock: a. of sheep, חאֹן ע׳ Gn 29:2 (J), Mi 5:7, הַח׳ ע׳ Jo 1:18; cf. Gn 29:2, 29:3, 29:8, 30:4 (all J), 1 S 17:34, Je 51:23, Mal 1:14; ‖חאֹן Ez 34:12 (sim.), Pr 27:23; + בְּהֵמָה 2 Ch 32:28; הָֽרְחֵלִים ע׳ Ct 6:6 = 4:2 (ins. prob. הָֽר׳); sign of desolation Is 17:2, 32:14 (מִרְעֵה ע׳), Zp 2:14, Je 6:3, of peace 31:24; in sim. also Mi 2:12, Je 31:10, Ps 78:52; fig. of Isr. Is 40:11, Je 13:20 (‖חאֹן), יהוה ע׳ v:17, so עֶדְרוֹ Zc 10:3. b. of goats, הָעִזִּים ע׳ Ct 4:1, 6:5. c. undefined Ju 5:16, Jb 24:2, Ct 1:7.

2. herds, flocks and herds; a. incl. sheep, cattle, etc., Gn 32:17, 32:17, 32:17, 32:17, 32:20 (cf. v:14; all E). b. specif. בָקָר ע׳ Jo 1:18.—מִגְדַּל־עֵדָר v. p. 154 supr.

† II. עֵ֫דֶר n.pr.m. (cf. Nab. n.pr. עדרו = Ar. غُدِرَ Lzb:337);—a Levite 1 Ch 23:23, 24:30, LXX Αιδαθ, Ηλα, A LXXL Εδερ.

† III. עֵ֫דֶר n.pr.loc. in extreme S. of Judah Jos 15:21, site unknown; LXX Αρα, A Εδραι, LXXL Εβερ.

† [עֶ֫דֶר] n.pr.m. a Benjamite, עָָדֶר 1 Ch 8:15; LXX Ωδηδ, A Ωδερ, LXXL Αδαρ.

† [עֲדָשָׁה] n.f. lentile (NH עֲדָשָׁה id.; Löw:No. 140; Ar. عَدَسُ; on formation v. Lag:BN 50);—pl. עֲדָשִׁים growing 2 S 23:11; art. of food, 2 S 17:28, Ez 4:9; נְזִיד ע׳ Gn 25:34 (J) pottage of lentiles.

עַוָּא v. עַוָּה p.731

עוב (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. غيب, غَابَ be absent, hidden, of sun, set; غَابَةُ hidden place, thicket, wood, so Syr. ܥܳܒ; hence obscuring clouds, cf. NH עָב, Aram. עִיבָא cloud(s)).

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II. עָב:33 n.m.:Is 19:1 and (1 K 18:44 Kö:Synt. 103) f. dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket;—ע׳ abs. 1 K 18:44 +, cstr. Is 18:4, Pr 16:15; pl. עָבִים Ju 5:4 + , עָבוֹת 2 S 23:4, Psalm 77:18; cstr. עָבֵי 2 S 22:12, Ps 18:12; sf. עָבָיו 18:13 (but prob. del., v. עבר Qal ad fin.);—

1. dark cloud: a. rain-cloud Ju 5:4, Is 5:6, 1 K 18:44, 18:45 + 9 t. b. as high Is 14:14, Jb 20:6, + Ez 19:11, 31:3, 31:10, 31:14 (rdg. בְָוֹת, v. עֲבֹת). c. chariot of י׳ Is 19:1, Ps 104:3; covering his eyes Jb 22:14. d. casting shadow Is 25:5, cf. 2 S 23:4. e. as swift Is 60:8, and transient 44:22, Jb 30:15 (all sim.). f. disposed by God Jb 36:29, 37:16. g. טַל ע׳ Is 18:4 cloud of dew, dew-mist (sim.).

2. (cloud-) mass, שְׁחָקִים ע׳ 2 S 22:12 masses of clouds (enwrapping י׳) = Ps 18:12 (v:13 v. supr.).

3. thicket as refuge Je 4:29 (perh. under Aram. influence).—עַב Ex 19:9 v. עֲבִי sub עבה. I. עָב v. p. 713 supr.

†[עוּב] vb. denom. Hiph. becloud, Impf. 3 ms. יָעִיב בְּאַפוֹ אֲדֹנָי אֶת־כַּת־חִיּוֹן La 2:l (Bu הֵעִיב).

עוג (√ of foll., cf. NH id. draw a circle, (circular) ditch; Aram. עוּגִית id.; Ar. عَوِجَ be crooked, curved, bent, عَاجَ elephant's tusk, tortoise-shell).

עֻגָה n.f. disc or cake of bread;—abs. ע׳ Ho 7:8, 1 K 17:13, cstr. עֻגַת 19:6, Ez 4:12; pl. עֻגוֹת Gn 18:6, Nu 11:8; cstr. עֻגֹת Ex 12:39; —bread-cake, made of קֶמַח סֹלֶת Gn 18:6 (J), of קֶמַח 1 K 17:13, of manna Nu 11:8 (JE; vb. בִּשֵּׁל), of barley Ez 41:2 (sim.); unleavened, עֻגֹת מַצּוֹת Ex 12:39 (E; vb. אָפָת); רְחָפִים ע׳ 1 K 19:6 cake of hot-stones i.e. baked on them; metaph. כְּלִי הֲפוּכָה ע׳ Ho 7:8 Ephr. is a cake not turned (i.e. burnt, ruined).—On ע׳ v. Benz:Arch. 85 f. Now:Arch. i. 111 Kennedy:Ency. Bib. BREAD and synonyms, Ib.:CAKE.

† [עוּג] vb. denom. bake (a cake; lit. make a cake of);—Qal Impf. 2 ms. sf. 3 fs. תְּעֻגֶנַָה (so Baer Ginsb, > van d. H. תְּעֻגֶּנּה) thou shalt bake it (on form v. Kö:i. 496 f. Ges:§ 59 k) Ez 4:12.

מָעוֹג n.[m.] cake;—abs. 1 K 17:12; לַעֲגֵי מ׳ Ps 35:16 mockers of (for) a cake, i. e. buffoons, but LXX Che al. rd. לַעַג (לָֽעֲגוּ לֽעֲגַי.

עוֹג and (1 K 4:19) עֹג n.pr.m. (orig. n.pr. div. acc. to RS:Sem i. 91, 2nd ed, 93);—Og, giant king of Bashan (i. e., peculiarly, of a country, v. RS:1.c.), usu. + מִיחוֹן (q.v.); Nu 21:33 (JE), 32:33 (P), Dt 1:4, 3:1, 3:3, 3:4, 3:10, 3:11, 3:13, 4:47, 29:6, 31:4, Jos 2:10, 9:10, 12:4, 13:12, 13:30, 13:3 (prob. all D), 1 K 4:19, Ne 9:22, Ps 135:11, 136:20; LXX (Ωγ (Τωγ B Dt 3:1, 4:47).

עוּגָב, עֻגָב v. עגב. p. 721

† [עוּד] v.b. prob. return, go about, repeat, do again (Ar. عود, عَادَ return, do again IV. resotre, also say again, iterate, عَادَةُ habit ; Eth. 9od: turn about, surround, 9awada: circuit, circle; Syr. Pa. ܥܰܝܶܕ accustom, Ethpe. Aph. be accustomed, ܥܝܳܕܳܐ usage, ceremong, ܥܺܝܕܳܐ festival (Brock), whence ar. عِيدَ id., as loan-word, Frä:276; Palm. עידא usage Lzb:337 Cook:90; NH עֵד, and esp. עֵדוּת = BH, also עִיד festival, Targum עִידָא; cf. prob. As. Shaph. usû-id, he he solemnly affirmed Dl:HWB 32);—only intens. : Pi. surround (cf. Eth.), Pf. 3 ms. sf. עִוְּדֻנִי Ps 119:61 (cf. סְבָבוּנִי 18:6). Pōlï‘ēl, restore, relieve (cf. Ar. IV.), Impf. 3 ms. יְעוֹדֵד, c. acc. pers. Ps 146:9 (‖שָׁמַר, opp. עִוֵּת), 147:6 (opp. הִשְׁפִּיל). Hithpōl. be restored, Impf. 1 pl. וַנִּתְעוֹדָָּד Ps 20:9 ( + קוּס, opp. נָפֵל; LXX ἀνωρθώθημεν.

עוֹד and (14 t.: Fr:MM 256) עֹד, subst. a going round, continuance, but used mostly as adv. acc. still, yet, again, besides: with sf. עוֹדֶנִּי (with appar. verbal form, like אֵינֶנִּי: Ol:§ 222 g Sta:§ 352 b Kö:ii. 444, iii. 360 Ges:§ 100. 5), † Dt 31:27, Jos 14:11, 1 S 20:14, עוֹדִיGn 48:15, Ps 104:33, 139:18, 146:2; עוֹדְְ Gn 46:30 + 4 t., f. עוֹדָךְ1 K 1:14; עוֹדֶנּוּ Gn 18:22 + 20 t. (never עוֹדוֹ), עוֹדֶנָּה1 K 1:22, עוֹדָהּIs 28:4; עוֹדָם † Ex 4:18, Est 6:14, 3 fpl. עוֹדֶינָהLa 4:17 Kt (Qr 1 pl. עוֹדֵינוּ); there occur also עוֹד אֲנִי2 S 14:32, Dn 9:20, 9:21, and עוֹד הֵםIs 65:24:—

1. as adv.: a. (a) expressingcontinuance, persistence, usu. of the past or present, still, yet, Gn 18:22 ואברהם עודנו עמֵד and A., he was still standing before י׳ (note oft. so עוֹדֶנּוּ after cas. pend., 44:14, 1 S 13:7, 1 K 12:2, Je 33:1, 2 Ch 34:3), 29:7 הן עוד היום גדול the day is still high, 31:14, 43:7 הַעוֹד אֲבִיכֶם חַי, v:27, 45:3, Ex 4:18, 9:2, Nu 19:13, Ju 6:24, 8:20, 1 K 20:32 הַעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי 2 S 14:32 (but Kö:iii. 558 עַד), 18:14; Is 5:25 ועור יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה; 10:32 עוֹד הַיּוֹם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד still to-day (such is his haste) will he tarry in Nob; 1 K 22:44 עוד חעם מְזַכְּחִים the people were still sacrificing, etc. (so 2 K 12:4 +); 2 S 1:9 כי־כל־עוד נפשׁי בי Jb 27:3 (v. כֹּל 1 f; Mi 6:10 (v. הֲ 1 b end, and Ke; but also We Now); La 4:17 the sf. is anticipatory, either of eyes (Kt) or our (Qr LXX), poet. for כָּלוֹת עוֹד עֵינֵינוּ; but Dys Löhr al. rd. עַד מָה for עַ׳ Bi:1 Wild simply עוֹד 2 Ch 14:6 rd. either עוֹדֵנוּ (sf. 1 pl. antic. of לפנינו), or עוֹד. Twice, peculiarly, עוֹד לאֹ still not (Germ. noch nicht) i.e. not yet (in class. Heb. טֶרֶם), Je 40:5 עוֹדֶנּוּ לא ישׁוב, 2 Ch 20:23 ועוד העם לא הֵכִינוּ לבבם (the vb. fin. on acc. of לאֹ). Sq. וְ Nu 11:33 הבשׂר עודנו בין חרה בעם ואף י׳ …שׁנּיהם the flesh was still between their teeth ..., and ( = when) etc., (cf. Ps 78:30 f. Jb 8:12); and oft. in the phr. (מְדַבְּרִים) מְדַבֵּר (עוֹדָם וגו׳) עוֹדֶנּוּ he (they, etc.) was (were) still speaking, and (= when) etc., Gn 29:9 עודנו מְדַבֵּר עמם ורחל באה, 1 K 1:22, 1:42, 2 K 6:33, Est 6:14, Dn 9:20, 9:21, so …עוֹד זֶה Jb 1:16, 1:17 (+ v:18 for עַד): and of the future, 1 K 1:14, Is 65:24 עוֹד הֵם מְדַבְּרִים ואני אשִׁמע); cf. Ex 9:17. (b) Expressing addition or repetition, still, yet, more, Gn 7:4 כי לימים עוד שׁבעה after yet seven days, 8:10, 8:12, 29:27, 29:30 עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות, 45:6, 2 K 6:33, Is 1:5, Hb 2:3 כִּי עוֹד חָזוֹן לַמּוֹעֵד (cf. Dn 10:14, 11:2, 11:27, 11:35), Je 13:27 אַחֲרֵי מָתַי עוֹד after how long still ? with stress on the idea of continuance, Gn 46:29 וַיֵּבְךְ עַל חַוָּארָיו עוֹד still going on (AV. a good while), Ru 1:14, Ps 84:5 עוד יהללוך they will be still praising thee, Jb 34:23; with עוֹד prefixed for emph., Ex 11:1 עוד נגע אחד אביא על פ׳, Is 49:20, 56:8 עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ וגו׳, Ez 8:13, 8:15, Ps 42:6, 92:15 +; in the phr. עוֹד מְעַט וְ sq. pf. consec., † Ex 17:4 עוד מעט וּסְקָלֻנִי yet a little, and they will stone me, Ho 1:4, Je 51:33, cf. Ps 37:10, Is 10:25, 29:17; simil. Jon 3:4 (cf. בְּעוֹד Is 21:16), 2 Ch 10:5 (but see LXX and ‖ 1 K 12:5); עוד …לא no more, both of the past, as Ex 2:3, Jos 5:1, 5:12, 1 K 10:5, and of the fut., as Gn 17:5 לא יִקָּרֵא עוד שׁמך א׳, 32:29, Dt 31:2, Is 2:4, 30:20, 62:4, Je 3:16 + oft., לא …עוד Gn 8:22; so with אֵין Is 23:10, Je 10:20, 48:2, Ps 74:9 al. b. When the continuance is limited by its nature to a single occurrence, עוֹד becomes = again, Gn 4:25, 9:11 לא יִכָרֵת כל בשׂר עוד, 18:29 וַיֹּסֶף עוֹד לְדַבֵּר and he added still to speak, i.e. he spake yet again (so oft. with יָסַף; v. √), 24:20 וַ֫תָּרָץ עוֹד and she ran again, 29:33 וַתַּ֫הַר עוֹד, 35:9, 37:9, Ex 3:15, 4:6, Dt 3:26, 1 S 10:22 + oft.; with עוֹד prefixed, Ho 12:10, Je 31:4, 31:5, 31:23, 32:15, 33:12, 33:13; עוֹד …לא not again, no more, Dt 13:17, 34:10. c. Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense); Gn 19:12 עוֹד מי לך פה whom hast thou here besides ? 43:6 הַעוֹד לָכֶם אָח Am 6:10; 1 S 10:22 הֲבָא עוֹד הֲלֽם אִישׁ is there still a man come hither ? (sc. besides ourselves: but LXX We al. הֲבָא הֲלֽם הָאִישׁ), 16:11 עוֹד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן, 18:8 ועוד לו אך המלוכה, 1 K 22:7, 22:8, 2 K 4:6 אֵין עוֹד כֶָּלִי, Is 5:4, Je 36:32, Ez 20:27, 23:38, 36:37, Pr 9:9, Ec 12:9, 1 Ch 29:3, 2 Ch 17:6 +; וְאֵין עוֹד and there is none besides, † Dt 4:39 (cf. v:35), 1 K 8:60, Is 45:5, 45:6, 45:14, 45:18, 45:22 (cf. v:21), 46:9, Jo 2:27, אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹדIs 47:8, 47:10, Zp 2:15.

2. With prefixes:—† a. בְּעוֹד, lit. in the continuance of ..., i.e. (a) while yet: Gn 25:6 בְּעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי while he was yet alive, Dt 31:27, 2 S 12:22 בְּעוֹד הַיֶּלֶד חַי, Is 28:4, Ps 39:2, Jb 29:5; בְּעוֹדִי alone, = so long as I live, Ps 104:33, 146:2 (‖בְּחַיַּי); 2 S 3:35 בעוד היום, Je 15:9 בעוד יומם, Pr 31:15. (b) within yet, usu. of time, Gn 40:13 בְּעוֹד שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים יִשָּׂא וגו׳ within yet three days, etc., v:19, Jos 1:11, Is 7:8, 21:16 בְּעוֹד שָׁנָה (sq. pf. cons.), Je 28:3, 28:11, Am 4:7; but also of distance, Gn 48:7 בְּעוֹד כִּבְרַת ארץ לבוא אפרתה (cf. 35:16 ויהי עוד וגו׳); cf. SI:2 ובעוד שׁלשׁ [נָּקֵב]אמה לה. b.מֵעוֹד, lit. from the continuance of ..., only in the phr. (מֵעוֹדְְ) מֵעוֹדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was (thou wast) unto this day, Gn 48:15, Nu 22:30.

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עֹדֵד, עוֹדֵד n. pr. m (restorer);—LXX Ωδηδ, Αδαδ:

1. עֲזַרְיָהוּ בֶן־עו׳ 2 Ch 15:1, so read also v:8 (MT עֹדֵד alone).

2. עֹדֵד a prophet 2 Ch 28:9.

עֵד:69 n. m.:Dt 17:6 witness (prob. fr. reiterating, hence emphatically affirming);—ע׳ abs. Gn 31:48 +, cstr. Ex 20:16 +; sf. עֵדִי Jb 16:19; pl. עֵדִים Nu 35:30 +, cstr. עֵדֵי Ps 27:12, 35:11; sf. עֵדַי Is 43:10, 43:12, etc.;—†

1. witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Gn 31:44, 31:48, 31:52 (JE), torn animal Ex 22:12 (E), song of Moses Dt 31:19, 31:21 (J), law-book v:26 (D), witness of י׳ against Israel; altar E. of Jordan, c. בֵּין, Jos 22:27, 22:28, 22:34 (P), cf. Is 19:20; Job's evil condition Jb 16:8; the moon Ps 89:38.

2. witness, a person: † a. God, in heaven for Job Jb 16:19; on earth, for Samuel 1 S 12:5, 12:5 + v:6 LXX Th and most, Jeremiah Je 42:5; see also 1 S 20:12 (ins. עֵד bef. י׳ SyrVer Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS); against persons Je 29:23, Mal 3:5, nations Mi 1:2; between (בֵּין persons Gn 31:50 (E). b. Davidic dyn., to nations Is 55:4. c. witnesses, of transfer of property Je 32:10, 32:12, 32:25, 32:44, betrothal Ru 4:9, 4:10, 4:11; usu. of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, c. בְּ against, Nu 5:13, Jos 24:22, 1 S 12:5 +, c. קום rise up against Ps 27:12, 35:11; † עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ answer (in court) as a false witness against Ex 20:16 = עֵד שָׁוְא Dt 5:17, Pr 25:18; † לְפִי עֵדִים Nu 35:30 (P); † (ים)עַל־פִּי עֵדִ Dt 17:6, 17:6 at the mouth of witnesses, so 19:15, 19:15.—False witness is שֶׁקֶר ע׳ Ex 20:16, Dt 19:18, 19:18, Ps 27:12, Pr 6:19, 14:5; שְׁקָרִים ע׳ 12:17, 19:5, 19:9; כְּזָבִים ע׳ 21:28; חִנָּם ע׳ 24:28; בְּלִיַּעַל ע׳ 19:28; חָמָס ע׳ witness of (i.e. supporting) violence Ex 23:1 (E) Dt 19:16, Ps 35:11. Faithful witness is אֱמוּנִים ע׳ Pr 14:5; אֱמֶת ע׳ Je 42:5, Pr 14:25.

† II. עֵדָה n. f. testimony, witness, of things (only E);—Gn 21:30, 31:52, Jos 24:27, 24:27 (J uses עֵד for feminine things).—I. עֵדָה v. יעד. p. 417

† [עוּד] vb. denom. (Gerber:42 f.) bear witness;—Qal Impf. 1 S. sf. אֲעוּדֵךְ La 2:13 Kt; < Hiph. Qr Bu. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵעִיד 2 K 17:15, Mal 2:14; הֵעִד Gn 43:3; 2 ms. הַֽעִי֫דֹתָ Ne 9:34; הַֽעֵדֹ֫תָה Ex 19:23; 1 S. הַֽעִידֹ֫תִי Dt 4:26, Je 42:19; 3 mpl. הֵעִ֫ידוּ Ne 9:26, etc.; Impf. וַיָּ֫עַד 2 K 17:13, Zc 3:6; 3 fs. sf. וַתְּעִידֵ֫נִי Jb 29:11 + 15 t. Impf.; Inf. abs. הָעֵד Gn 43:3 + 4 t.; Imv. הָעֵד Ex 19:21 + 2 t. Imv. Pt. מֵעִיד Dt 32:46.—

1. testify, bear witness, c. sf. against one 1 K 21:10, 21:13; in favour of Jb 29:11, La 2:13 (Qr); c. בֵּין Mal 2:14.

2. cause to testify, take as witness, c. acc. pers. Is 8:2, Je 32:10, 32:25, 32:44; call as witness, invoke, c. acc. את השׁמים ואת הארץ + בְּ against Dt 4:26, 30:19, 31:28.

3. protest, affirm solemnly, warn: subj. men, abs. Je 6:10, Ne 13:15; c. בְּ pers. Gn 43:3, 43:3 (J) Ex 19:21 (E) 1 S 8:9, 8:9, 1 K 2:42, 2 Ch 24:19, Ne 9:26, 13:21, Je 42:19, Am 3:13; exhort solemnly, admonish, charge, י׳ subj., c. בְּ pers., Ex 19:23 (J) Dt 8:19, 2 K 17:13, Ne 9:29, 9:30, Je 11:7, 11:7, 11:7, Zc 3:6, Ps 50:7, 81:9; enjoin solemnly, c. בְּ pers. + acc. rei עֵדְוֹת 2 K 17:15, Ne 9:34, דברים Dt 32:46. Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהוּעַד consec. Ex 21:29 (E) impers. and protest be entered, c. בְּ pers.

730

† III. [עֵדָה] n. f. onlyl pl. MT testimonies (always of laws as divine testimonies or solemn charges);—pl. abs. עֵדֹת Dt 4:45, 6:20; sf. (of י׳), עְדֹתִי Ps 132:12 (Ges:§ 91 n.), עֵדֹתָיו Dt 6:17, Ps 25:10, 99:7, 119:2, עֵדוֹתָיו 78:56; עֵדֹתֶיְ 93:5, 119:22, 119:24, 119:46, 119:59, 119:79, 119:95, 119:119, 119:125, 119:138, 119:146, 119:152, 119:167, 119:168 (MT pointing artificial, der. prob. fr. עֵדוּת, reading עֵדֻת for עֵדֹת, or regarding עֵדֹת as contr. from עֵדְוֹת, pl. of עֵדוּת [Sta:§ 320 b SS Buhl]; v. also Dr:Dt 4:45, Dt 4:45, 6:17, 6:20 are redactional).

עֵדוּת:19 and עֵדֻת:27 n. f. testimony;—ע׳ abs. Ex 16:34 +, cstr. Ps 19:8 +; pl. sf. עֵדְוֹתֶיְ 119:14 +, עֵדְוֹתָיו Je 44:23 + 4 t.;—

1. testimony of the Ten Words on the tables as a solemn divine charge, לֻחֹת הע׳ Ex 31:18, 32:15, 34:29 (P), הע׳ 25:16, 25:21, 40:20 (P); ark as containing tables, אֲרוֹן הע׳ 25:22, 26:33, 26:34, 30:6, 30:26, 39:35, 40:3, 40:5, 40:21, Nu 4:5, 7:89 (all P), Jos 4:16 (JE; Kue הברית [ag. him Di], so Benn Steuernag), הארן לע׳ Ex 31:7 (P); abbrev. לִפְנֵי הע׳ 16:34, 30:36, Nu 17:19, 17:25 (P); עַל הע׳ Ex 27:21 (= הע׳ Lv 24:3), 30:6, Lv 16:13 (P); tabernacle as containing ark of testimony, משׁכן הע׳ tabernacle of the testimony Ex 38:21, Nu 1:50, 1:53, 1:53, 10:11 (P); so אֹהֶל הע׳ 9:15, 17:22, 17:23, 18:2 (P) 2 Ch 24:6.

2. the code of law in gen. (late), as a testimony of God: Ps 19:8, 119:88, 122:4; ‖תּוֹרָה 78:5; ‖חֹק 81:6. In titles, עַל־ שׁוּשַׁן ע׳ Ps 60:1, אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנּ֑ים ע׳ 80:1 = melody whose first line cp. law as testimony to a choice flower. Special laws of the code are denoted by pl.; + חֻקּוֹת etc. 1 K 2:3, 2 K 23:3 = 2 Ch 34:31 (+ חקים etc.), Je 44:23; חֻקִּים etc. 1 Ch 29:19; מִחְוֹת Ne 9:34; pl. of contents of covenant 2 K 17:15; pl. elsewh. Ps 119:14, 119:31, 119:36, 119:99, 119:111, 119:129, 119:144, 119:157. Vid. also III. [עֵדָה].—For הָעֵדוּת 2 K 11:12 = 2 Ch 23:11 rd. prob. הַצְּעָדוֹת (cf. 2 S 1:10 We al.).

תְּעוּדָה n. f. testimony, attestation;—

1. testimony, prophet. injunction, ‖תּוֹרָה Is 8:16, 8:20.

2. attestation, Ru 4:7 (> fixed usage Buhl:Lex).

† I. [עָוָה] vb. bend, twist (so Ar. عَوَي);—Niph. Pf. 1 S. נַעֲוֵיתִי Is 21:3, Ps 38:7; Pt. cstr. נַעֲוֵה Pr 12:8; f. cstr. נַעֲוַת 1 S 20:30 (but rd. נַעֲרַת LXX We Dr SS Bu HPS);—be bent, bowed down, twisted, ‖שׁחה Ps 38:7; ‖נבהל Is 21:3; נַעֲוֵה לֵב Pr 12:8 one perverted of mind. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. עִוָּה, subj. י׳:—La 3:9 my paths hath he twisted; וְע׳ Is 24:1 its surface will he distort (‖בּוֹקֵק הָאָרֶץ). Hiph. Pf. 1 S. יָשָׁר הֶעֱוֵיתִי Jb 33:27 the right have I perverted (‖חָטָא); so 3 pl. הֶעֱווּ אֶת־דַּרְכָּם Je 3:21.

† I. עַוָּה n. f. distortion, ruin;—עַוָּה עַוָּה עַוָּה אֲשִׂימֶנָּה Ez 21:32 (cf. √ Pi. Is 24:1).

עִוְעִים n. pl. abstr. distorting, warping (for …עַוְעֲוִים);—רוּחַ עִוְעִים Is 19:14 temper of distorting, i.e. warped judgment.

עִי n.[m.] ruin, heap of ruins;—ע׳ abs. Jb 30:24, cstr. Mi 1:6; pl. עִיִּין (Aram. form) 3:12, but עִיִּים in the quotation Je 26:18, and Ps 79:1.

מְעִי n.[m.] ruin (si vera 1.);—וְהָֽיְתָה מְעִי מַפָּלָה consec. Is 17:1 Damascus shall become a ruinous heap (but del. מ׳ LXX Lag Che SS Buhl). cf p. 590

II. עוה (√ of foll., cf. Ar. غَوَي err from the way, Eth. 9ayaya:: err; distinct from I. עוה, cf. Lag:M. i. 236 f. Dr:1 S 20:30 Gerber:90).

עָוֹן n. m.:Is 22:14 iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity;—ע׳ abs. Ex 21:43 +; עָווֹן 2 K 7:9, Ps 51:7; cstr. עֲוֹן Gn 15:16 +; עֲווֹן 1 Ch 21:8; sf. עֲוֹנִי Gn 4:13 + (2 S 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֹנְְ Ho 9:7 +; עֲוֹנֵ֑כִי Ps 103:3; עֲוֹ֔נָהַ Nu 15:31 (Ges:§ 91 e), etc.; pl. עֲוֹנוֹת abs. Ps 130:3 +, cstr. Jb 13:26 +; עַוֹנֹת abs. Ps 65:4, cstr. Lv 16:21 +; sf. עֲוֹנֹתֶיְ Is 43:24, עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם Nu 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֹנֶיְ Ez 28:18; עֲוֹנֵינוּ Is 64:6 +, etc. (SS doubt all these);—

1. iniquity, Jb 15:5, 20:27, Je 11:10, 14:7, 16:17, La 2:14, Ez 7:13; ‖חטאת 1 S 20:1, Jb 13:23, Is 5:18, 43:24, 59:2, Je 5:25, 16:10, La 4:6, 4:13, Dn 9:16, Ho 4:8, 13:12; ‖פשׁע Jb 14:17, 31:33, Ps 107:17, Is 50:1, 53:5; ‖אשׁמה Ezr 9:6, 9:7, 9:13; רעה Jb 22:5, Ho 7:1 a. נְעוּרַי ע׳ Jb 13:26 iniquities of my youth; חֶרֶב ע׳ 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword; (ם)פְּלִילִי ע׳ 31:11, 31:28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges; שְׁתֵּי עֲוֹנֹתָם Ho 10:10 (so rd. Vrss Hi al.); כשׁל בע׳ stumble by iniquity Ho 5:5, 14:2; cf. מִכְשׁוֹל ע׳ Ez 7:19, 14:3, 14:4, 14:7, 18:30, 44:12; לכל־עון Dt 19:15; אשׁתמרה מע׳ 2 S 22:24 = Ps 18:24. עָוֹן אֲשֶׁר־חֵטְא Ho 12:9. b. iniquity as recognized, ידע ע׳ 1 S 3:13, Is 59:12, Je 3:13, 14:20; confessed, התודה ע׳ Lv 16:21, 26:40, 26:40 (P), Ne 9:2; הגיד ע׳ Ps 38:19; לא כסה ע׳ 32:5; brought to remembrance, הזכיר ע׳ Nu 5:15 (P) 1 K 17:18, Ez 21:28, 21:29, 29:16; causing shame, יִכָּֽלְמוּ מע׳ Ez 43:10; turned from, שׁוּב מע׳ Dn 9:13, cf. השׁיב מע׳ Mal 2:6. c. (1) phrases of punishment: על פקד ע׳ Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9, Ex 34:7, Nu 14:18 (J), Lv 18:25 (H) 2 S 3:8, Is 13:11, 26:21, Je 25:12, 36:31, Am 3:2; without על, La 4:22, ב פקד ע׳ Ps 89:33; Jb 11:6 v. II. [נשׁא]; יסּר על ע׳ Ps 39:12 chastise for iniquity; לנגדְשַׁתָּ֯ ע׳ 90:8 set our iniquities before thee; גמל כע׳ 103:10; שׁמר ע׳ 130:3; שׁלּם ע׳ Is 65:7, 65:7, Je 16:18, 32:18; מַטְבֵּחַ בע׳ Is 14:21; (2) of forgiveness or removal: העביר ע 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8, Jb 7:21, Zc 3:4; משׁתי ע׳ 3:9 סלח לע׳ Ex 34:9, Nu 14:19 (J), Ps 25:11, 103:3, Je 31:34, 33:8, 36:3; נשׂא ע׳ Ex 34:7, Nu 14:18 (J), Ps 32:5, 85:3, Is 33:24, Ho 14:3, Mi 7:18; סר ע׳ Is 6:7; יכבושׁ ע׳ Mi 7:19; (3) of covering over, כסה על ע׳ Ne 3:37; כפּר ע׳ Ps 78:38, Pr 16:6, Is 22:14, 27:9, Dn 9:24; כפּר על ע׳ Je 18:23; יתכפּר ע׳ 1 S 3:14; (4) of cleansing from: כבּס מע׳ Ps 51:4; מחה ע׳ v:11; טהר מע׳ Je 33:8, Ez 36:33; (5) of imputing, reckoning to one: ל חשׁב ע׳ 2 S 19:20, Ps 32:2; (ל) זכר ע׳ 79:8, Is 64:8, Je 14:10, Ho 8:13, 9:9; יִזָּכֵר ע׳ Ps 109:14; ע׳(ל)בקשׁ Jb 10:6, Je 50:20; (6) פדה מע׳ Ps 130:8 ransom from iniquity.

2. Guilt of iniquity (not always easy to disting. from 1.; SS give more, Buhl fewer, sub 2);—‖תועבות Ez 36:31; ‖דם Is 59:3; ‖חמס Ez 9:9; פעור ע׳ Jos 22:17 (P); סדם ע׳ Ez 16:49; בחעוֹ ע׳ Is 57:17; שְׁנֵי עונם Ez 4:4; נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי Je 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; מחא ע׳ Gn 44:16 (E) Ps 36:3. a. בְ ע׳: guilt of iniquity upon one Nu 15:31 (P) 1 S 20:8, 2 S 14:32; לִי לא ע׳ Jb 33:9 (‖זַךְ); בלי־עון Ps 59:5 without my guilt. b. guilt, as great, increased: רֹב עָוֹן Je 13:22, 30:14, 30:15, Ez 28:18, Ho 9:7; לאֹ־שָׁלֵם ע׳ Gn 15:16 (J); עָֽבְרוּ ראֹשִׁי ע׳ Ps 38:5; עֲקֵבַי יְסוּבֵּנִי ע׳ 49:6; הִשִּׂיגוּנִי ע׳ 40:13; גברו מני ע׳ 65:4; עַם כֶּבֶד ע׳ Is 1:4; נלקח בע׳ Ez 33:6. c. as a condition, בע׳: c. חוללתי was I brought forth Ps 51:7; c. גָּוַע expire Jos 22:20 (P); c. מות die Je 31:30, Ez 3:18, 3:19, 18:17, 18:18, 33:8, 33:9.

3. Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity (SS include most of these under 2, and do not recognize 3; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Gn 4:13, Is 5:18);—אִם יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ע׳ בדבר הזה 1 S 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.; נשׂא ע׳ bear the punishment for iniquity of others Ex 28:38, Lv 10:17 (take away ע׳ Di Now:ii. 233 n.) 16:22, Nu 30:16 (P), Ez 4:4, 4:5, 4:6; בע׳ 18:19, 18:20, 18:20; one's own, Ex 28:43, Lv 5:1, 5:17, 7:18, 17:16, 19:8, 20:17, 20:19, 22:16, Nu 5:31, 14:34, 18:1, 18:1, 18:23 (P), Ez 14:10, 44:10, 44:12; מנשׂואגדול ע׳ Gn 4:13 (J) my punishment is greater than I can bear; נִרְחָה עֲוֹנָהּ Is 40:2 her punishment is accepted, cf. רחה ע׳ Lv 26:41, 26:43 (H); ומחאנוּ ע׳ 2 K 7:9 punishment will overtake us; על ע׳ תנה ע׳ Ps 69:28 add punishment to their punishment; הוא יסבל ע׳ Is 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear, cf. סָבָָלְנוּ ע׳ La 5:7; הפגיע בו ע׳ Is 53:6; נִקָּה מע׳ freed from punishment Nu 5:31 (P) Jb 10:14; בי אני העון 1 S 25:24 on me the punishment; עלי הע׳ 2 S 14:9; בע׳ c. various vbs.: Gn 19:15 (J) Lv 26:39, 26:39 (H) Ps 31:11, 106:43, Je 51:6, Ez 4:17, 7:16, 24:23, 39:23; קץ עת ע׳ 21:30, 21:34, 35:5; see also: Pr 5:22 (‖חַבְלֵי חטאת), Is 30:13, 64:5, 64:6, La 4:22, Ez 4:4, 14:10, 14:10, 32:27.

731

† [עָוָה] vb. denom. (Gerber:90) commit iniquity, do wrong (Aram. עוי commit sin, עֲוָיָא sin, cf. Levy:NHWB iii. 626);—Qal (late) Pf. 3 fs. עָֽוְתָה Est 1:16 she hath done wrong (c. עַל); 1 pl. עָוִינוּ Dn 9:5 we have committed iniquity (‖חָטָא). Hiph. commit inquity;Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱוָה 2 S 19:20, 1 S. הֶעֱוֵיתִי 24:17 (‖חָטָא); 1 pl. הֶעֱוִינוּ 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Ps 106:6 (all ‖חָטָא); Inf. abs. הַעֲוֵה Je 9:4 cstr. sf. הַעֲוֹתוֹ 2 S 7:14.—Jb 33:27 v. I. עָוָה. p. 730

† II. עַוָּה, עִוָּה n. pr. loc. city conquered by Assyrians;—עַוָּה 2 K 17:24 (van d. H. עַוָּא) = עִוָּה 18:34, 19:13 = Is 37:13; LXX Αια(ν), Ανα, and (2 K 19:13) Ουδου, A ΑυΥα, LXXL Αιναγ, etc.; site in N. Syria Wkl:Alttest. Unters. 102 f. Benz; Sachau:ZA xii (1897), 48 prop. Emma (Tab. Pent.) = ̓́Ιμμα Ptol:v. 15, 15, mod. ï Imm betw. Antioch and Aleppo.—I. עַוָּה v. sub I. עוה. p. 730

† [עַוִּי] adj. gent. only pl. הַעַוִּים as subst., inhab. of II. עַוָּה 2 K 17:31 (another עַוִּים infr.). p. 732

עוֹז n. v. עֹז sub עזז. p. 738

† [עוּז], עוֹז vb. take or seek refuge (Ar. عوذ, عَاذَ take refuge, seek protection, مَعَادُ a refuge);—Qal Inf. cstr. לָעוֹז בְּמָעוֹז Is 30:2 (‖לַחְסוֹת בְּ). Hiph. bring into safety, Pf. 3 mpl. הֵעִ֫יזוּ Is 10:31, obj. om., and so Imv. mpl. הָעִ֫יזוּ Je 4:6, הָעִ֫זוּ מִקֶּרֶב 6:1; c. acc., ms. הָעֵז Ex 9:19.

מָעוֹז n. m.:Ju 6:26 place or means of safety, protection (MT sfs. as if from עזז, but prob. erron., cf. Buhl:Lex 13 Ges:§ 85 k);—מ׳ abs. Ju 6:26 +, cstr. Is 30:2 +; sf. מָעוּזִי 2 S 22:33 (but rd. הַמְּאַזְּרֵנִי as ‖ Ps 18:33), מָעוּזִּי Ps 31:3 +, מָעֻזִּי Is 27:5 +, מָעוּזּוֹ Ps 52:9 +, מָעֻזֹּה Dn 11:10, etc. (rd. prob. מְעוֹזִּי, etc.); pl. מָעֻזִּים v:38, v:39, sf. מָעֻזְּנֶיהָ Is 23:11, read מָעֻזֶּיהָ (Ges:§ 20 o Che:Heb. Hpt. al.; del. d. f. in all, v. supr.);—

1. lit. place of safety Ju 6:26, hence (c. collat. idea of strength, as if fr. עזז = fastness Is 23:11, 23:14 (in v:14 Che:Heb. Hpt. prop. מְחוֹזְכֶם your city), Ez 24:25, 30:15, Dn 11:7, 11:10, 11:19, הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַמּ׳ v:31, מִבְחְרֵי מָעֻזִּים v:39; הַיָּם מ׳ i.e. harbour Is 23:4, but del. O1 Du Che:Hpt.; מֵאוֹיֵב מ׳ Na 3:11; cf. עָרֵי מ׳ Is 17:9.

2. a. fig., of God (י׳) as refuge Na 1:7, Ps 27:1, 31:5, 37:39, 52:9, Is 25:4, 25:4, Jo 4:16, עֻזִּי וּמָעֻזִּי וּמְנוּסִי י׳ Je 16:19, יְשׁוּעוֹת מְשִׁיחוֹ מ׳ Ps 28:8 (‖עָז־); so חוּר מ׳ Is 17:10, Ps 31:3, אֱלֽהֵי מ׳ 43:2; also יַחֲזֵק בְּמָעֻזִּי Is 27:5 let him lay hold of my refuge (me as refuge); cf . הִיא מָעֻזְּכֶם חֶדְוַת י׳ Ne 8:10, לַתֹּם דֶּרֶח י׳ מ׳ Pr 10:29. b. of a heathen god, אֱלוֹהַּ מָעֻזִּים Dn 11:38 (rd. מְחֹזִים cities Che:Is 23, 1, Heb. Hpt.).

3. fig. of human protection, פַּרְעֹה מ׳ Is 30:2, 30:3 (both ‖צֵּל מִחְרַיִם); ראֹשִׁי אֶפְרַיִם מ׳ Ps 60:9 = 108:9, i.e. my helmet; also (of angel) Dn 11:1 (‖מַחֲזִיק).

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עֲוִיל v. II. עול. below

עַוִּים n. pr. 1. gent. הָע׳ people on SW. coast of Mediterr. before the כַּפְתֹּרִים (q. v.) came Dt 2:23, and remaining thereafter Jos 13:3 (D:2), LXX Ευαιοι. 2. loc. הָע׳ city in Benj. Jos 18:23 (= הָעַי ?), LXX Αιειν, Αυειμ.—Vid. also [עַוִּי] supr.

עֲוִית n. pr. loc. in Edom Gn 36:35 = Qr 1 Ch 1:46 (Kt עיות); LXX Γεθθαιμ, but LXXL 1 Ch 1:46 Ευιθ.

† I. [עוּל] vb. give suck (Ar. ܓܝܠ give suck (while pregnant); cf. Aram. غَالَ foetus, sucking child; ܥܽܘܠܳܐ foal, so Eth. ܥܺܝܠܳܐ Talm. עִילָה);—Qal Pt. fpl. עָלוֹת giving suck, of cows 1 S 6:7, 6:10; ewes Ps 78:71 and (fig. of returning exiles) Is 40:11; of both Gn 33:13 (J).

עוּל n. m. sucking child, suckling;—cstr. יָמִים ע׳ Is 65:20 a suckling of days, i.e. a few days old; sf. עוּלָהּ 49:15 (‖בֶּן־בִּטְנָהּ).

II. עול (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. ܥܘܠ feed, nourish; v. Wetzst in De:Jb 16, 11).

† I. [עֲוִיל] n. m. young boy;—pl. עֲוִילִים Jb 19:18; sf. עֲוִילֵיהֶם 21:11.—II. עֲוִיל sub III. עול. below

III. עול (√ of foll., cf. Ar. ܥܘܠ deviate from (right course); Aram. 9alawa: Aph. act unjustly, and many deriv., עַוְלָא unrighteousness; Eth. عون pervert, corrupt).

עָ֫וֶל n. m. injustice, unrighteousness (opp. חְדָקָה);—ע׳ Lv 19:15 +; cstr. עֶ֫וֶל Ez 28:18 (van d. H. עָוֶל, but v. Baer Ginsb); sf. עַוְלוֹ 18:26, 33:13; —עשׂה עול Lv 19:15, 19:35 (H) Dt 25:16, Ez 3:20, 18:24, 18:26, 18:26, 33:13, 33:13, 33:15, 33:18; פעל ע׳ Jb 34:32; הִתְעִיבוּ ע׳ Ps 53:2 (‖עֲלִילָה 14:2); שׁפט ע׳ 82:2; אישׁ ע׳ Pr 29:27; בְּכַפַּי ע׳ Ps 7:4; בְּ מחא ע׳ Je 2:5, read prob. also Ez 28:15 (for MT עולתה); ישׁיב ידוֹ מע׳ 18:8; בְּעֶוֶל רְכֻלָּֽתְְ 28:18; of God, אין עול (‖אֱמוּנָה) Dt 32:4; חָלִלָה מע׳ Jb 34:10.

עָוַל vb. denom. (Gerber:31) act wrongfully;—Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְעַוֵּל Is 26:10 (opp. נְכֹחוֹת); Pt. מְעַוֵּל Ps 71:4 (+ חוֹמֵץ, ‖רָשָׁע).

עַוְלָה n. f.:Jb 11:14 (? m. Mal 2:6 Kö:ii. 2, 453, § 345 d Ez 28:15 [עולתה; but ע׳ only here Ez, error for עול] questioned by SS, v. Albrecht:ZAW xvi (1896), 117) injustice, unrighteousness, wrong;—ע׳ Ps 37:1 + 24 t., + 1. עוֹלָה Is 61:8 (rd. prob. עַוְלָה); עַוְלָ֫תָה Ps 125:3, 92:16 (Qr) + 2 t.; עֹלָ֫תָה v:16 (Kt) Jb 5:16; pl. עוֹלוֹת Ps 58:3, 64:7; —

1. violent deeds of injustice, בְּנֵי עַוְלָה 2 S 3:34, 7:10 = 1 Ch 17:9; בֶּן־ע׳ Ps 89:23, cf. בְּנֵי עַלְוָה Ho 10:9 (rd. עַוְלָה Now); אישׁ מרמה וע׳ Ps 43:1; בע׳ Is 61:8; ‖דַּם Mi 3:10, Hb 2:11; עשׂה ע׳ Ps 37:1, Zp 3:5, 3:13; פעל ע׳ Ps 58:3, 119:3, Jb 36:23; שׁלח ידים בע׳ Ps 125:3.

2. injustice of speech: דבּר ע׳ Jb 13:7, 27:4; תהגה לשׁונכם ע׳ Is 59:3; בלשׁוני ע׳ Jb 6:30; לא נמחא בשׂפה ע׳ Mal 2:6; קפחה פיה ע׳ Ps 107:42, Jb 5:16.

3. injustice, in general, Ps 64:7, Jb 6:29, 11:14, 15:16, 22:23, 24:20, + 36:33 (for MT עוֹלֶה acc. to LXX Di Bu Du al., Pr 22:8, Ho 10:13; of God, בוֹ לא ע׳ Ps 92:16; ע׳ אֵין עִם י׳ 2 Ch 19:7.

† II. עֲוִיל n. m. unjust one, Jb 16:11 (v. foll.).

עַוָּל n. m. unjust, unrighteous one;—esp. of oppressive ruler Zp 3:5, Jb 18:18, 27:7 (‖רָשָׁע), 29:17, 31:3 (‖פֹּעֲלֵי אָָוֶן); prob. also 16:11 (for MT עֲוִיל, so Di; ‖רְשָׁעִים).

I. [עוֹלָה] v. II. עול. II. עוֹלָה v. עלה. p. 750 f עוֹלֵל, עוֹלָל v. II. עלל. עוֹלָם v. עלם. p. 760–61

† [עוּן] vb. dwell (prob.; √ of foll.; Ar. عَانَ is support, help, v. esp. Fl:Kl. Schr. i. 87 ff.);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְעָנָה֫ (rd. וְעָ֫נָה ?) Is 13:22 and jackals shall dwell, etc. (on agreement v. Ges:§ 145 k; ‖שׁכן v:21), so LXX Buhl; Che:Heb. Hpt. 124 וְשָֽׁכְנוּ; > SyrVer Targum Vulgate al. √ IV. ענה.—Ps 87:7 v. מַעְיָן. p. 777

† I. מָעוֹן n.[m.] dwelling, habitation;—abs. מ׳ Ps 71:3 +, cstr. מְעוֹן Je 25:30 +, sf. מְעוֹנְֶ֑ Ps 91:9, etc.;—

1. lair of jackals Je 9:10, 10:22, 49:33, 51:37 (all of desolated cities); אֲרָיוֹת מ׳ Na 2:12 (‖מִרְעֶה; fig. of Nineveh).

2. dwelling of י׳: a. in heaven קָדְשְְׁ מ׳ Dt 26:15 cf. Je 25:30 (‖מָרוֹם), Zc 2:17, Ps 68:6, 2 Ch 30:27. b. in temple בְּיתְֶָ מ׳ Ps 26:8, מְעוֹנוֹ 2 Ch 36:15 (only here alone).

3. fig. of י׳ as abode of his people, חוּר מ׳ Ps 71:3, מ׳ alone 90:1, 91:9.—מ׳ 1 S 2:29, 2:32 is unintellig. (v. Comm.), poss. rd. מְעוֹיֵן (eyeing [enviously], v. עין denom.) Klo HPS, cf. LXX Bu. מְעוֹנָהּ Zp 3:7 is difficult in context, LXX We Now rd. מֵעֵינֶיה (cf. Jos 9:23, 2 S 3:29).

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† II. מָעוֹן n. pr. 1. loc. in Judah Jos 15:55 (P), 1 S 25:2 (LXX Μααν, Μαων), now Ma‘în (Buhl:Geogr. 163 and reff.), 8 miles S. of Hebron; hence מִדְבַּר מ׳ 23:24, 23:25, 23:25, so rd. also 25:1 (for MT פארן) LXX Th We Dr Bu Klo Kit Löhr; cf. 2. m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:45; 2:45, LXX Μεων, Μαων. 3. gent. Ju 10:12 named with Sidonians and Amalek as ancient foes of Isr.; poss. intended by writer as = מְעוּנִים q. v. p. 589 supr.; many read מִדְיָן (LXX:BA LXXL Μαδιαμ); v. GFM.—מְעוֹן v. בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן p. III supr.; 1 Ch 4:41 v. מְעוּנִים p. 589.

מְעֹנָה n. f. id.;—

1. den, lair of wild beasts: of כְּפִיר, מְעֹנָתוֹ Am 3:4, so pl. abs. מְעוֹנוֹת Jb 38:40 (‖סֻכָּה), sf. מְעוֹנֹתָם Ps 104:22; cstr. מְעֹנוֹת אֲרָיוֹת Ct 4:8; מְעֹנֹתָיו Na 2:13 (‖חֹרָיו; of אַרְיֵה, fig. of Nineveh); of חַיָּה in gen., בִּמְעוֹנֹתֶיהָ תִשְׁכֹּן Jb 37:8 (‖אָָרֶב); so appar. fig. of men, hunted by י׳, מְעוֹנוֹתֵינוּ Je 21:13, fig. also of י׳ dwelling in temple, sg. sf., מְעוֹנָתוֹ בְּחִיּוֹן Ps 76:3 (‖סוּכּוֹ).

2. fig. מְעֹנָה אֱלֽהֵי קֶדֶם Dt 33:27 the ancient God is a dwelling-place (for his people; cf. I. מָעוֹן 3).

מְעוֹנֹתַי n. pr. m. name in Judah 1 Ch 4:14, LXX Μα(ω)ναθει.

† [עוֹנָה] Qr, [ עֵינָה] Kt n. f. only sf. Ho 10:10: Qr pl. עוֹנֹתָם Baer, sg. עוֹנָתָם Ginsb; > עֵינֹתָם Kt; but rd. עֲוֹנֹתָם, v. עָוֹן 1 a. p. 730.

עֹוֵן Kt 1 S 18:9 v. עין. p. 744

עִוְעִים v. sub I. עוה. p. 730

† I. עוּף vb. fly (NH id., (rare) flicker, flutter, עוֹף fowl; Aram. עוֹפָא, ܥܽܘܦܳܐ id.; Eth. 0of: id.; Ar. عَوْفُ augury, from birds (cf. We:Heid. 2, 202), fortune, عِف, عَافَ practice augury, عَائِفُ augur; also عوف, عَافَ fly about, of birds);—Qal Pf. 3 mpl. וְעָפוּ consec. Is 11:14; Impf. 3 ms. יָעוּף Jb 20:8, Ps 91:5 + Pr 23:5 b Qr (> Kt ועוף [van d. H.], or ועיף [Ginsb]); וַיָּעָֹף 2 S 22:11 = Ps 18:11, Na 3:16, וַיָּ֫עָף Is 6:6; 3 fs. תָעוּף(הֲ) Pr 23:5 a Kt (v. infr.); 3 fpl. תְּעוּפֶינָה Is 60:8, etc.; Inf. cstr. עוּף Jb 5:7, Pr 26:2; Pt. fs. עָפָה Zc 5:1, 5:2; pl. עָפוֹת Is 31:5; —

1. a. fly, of birds Dt 4:17, specif. of swallow (in sim.) Pr 26:2 (‖נוּד); of seraph Is 6:6 (cf. Pōï‘1.); י׳ riding (רכב) on cherub 2 S 22:11 = Ps 18:11; roll (in vision) Zc 5:1, 5:2; arrow Ps 91:5; of swift army Is 11:14 (under fig. of bird, sq. בְּכָתֵף) Hb 1:8 (sim. of vulture); fig. of ships (like cloud, or doves) Is 60:8; בְּנֵי־רֶשֶׁף יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף Jb 5:7 make high to fly, i.e. make their flight high, soar aloft (sim. of irresistible tendency). b. hover (protectingly) Is 31:5 (birds, sim. of י׳; on sense cf. Dt 32:11).

2. fly away, to a distance, Ps 55:7 (fig.; ‖אַרְחִיק נְדֹד v:8); = vanish, of locusts Na 1:16 (fig.); כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעוּף הַשָּׁמַיִם Pr 23:5 b (Qr) sim. of riches (v. Toy); of wicked Jb 20:8 (כַּחֲלוֹם); end of life, in gen., וַנָּעָֻפָה Ps 90:10.—הֲתָעוּף Pr 23:5 a Kt, do thine eyes fly (light) upon it ? (הֲתָעִיף Hiph. Qr dost thou cause thine eyes to fly, etc. ?) is difficult, and line perhaps not original (v. Toy). Pōï‘l. 1. fly about, to and fro; Impf. 3 ms. יְעוֹפֵף of birds Gn 1:20 (P); seraphim Is 6:2; Pt. שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף flying fiery serpent Is 14:29, 30:6. 2. cause to fly to and fro, brandish, Inf. cstr. sf. בְּעוֹפְפִי חַרְבִּי Ez 32:10 when I brandish my sword before them. Hithpōï‘l. Impf. 3 ms. כָּעוֹף יִתְעוֹפֵף כְּבוֹדָם Ho 9:11 like a bird their glory shall fly away. Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. Qr, v. Qal ad fin.

עוֹף:70 n. m.:Gn 40:17 coll. flying creatures, fowl, insects;—ע׳ abs. Gn 1:20 +, cstr. v:21 +;—

1. fowl, birds, Gn 40:17, 40:19 (E), 7:8 (J), 1:20, 1:22 (P), 1 K 5:13 +; esp. (38 t.) הַשָּׁמַיִם ע׳ fowl of sky, Gn 2:19, 2:20 (J), 1:26, 1:28, 1:30 (P), Ho 2:20, Ec 10:20 +, carrion birds 1 S 17:44, 17:46, 2 S 21:10, 1 K 14:11 + 11 t.; הָרִים ע׳ Ps 50:11, נוֹדֵד ע׳ Is 16:2, כִּכְלוּב מָלֵא ע׳ Je 5:27; redundantly כָּנָף ע׳ fowl of wing Gn 1:21 (P), Ps 78:27 (for food); for food also Lv 7:26 (P), 17:13, 20:25 (both H), cf. Lv 11:13, 11:46 (H, clean and unclean); for offering Gn 8:20 (J; הַטָּהוֹר הָע׳), Lv 1:14 (P).

2. winged insects (clean and unclean) הַהֹלֵח עַל־אַרְבַּע שֶׁרֶץ הָע׳ Lv 11:20, 11:21 (H), הָע׳ שׁ׳ Dt 14:19, so prob. הָע׳ alone v:20; הָע׳ שׁ׳ אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ אַרְבַּע רַגְלָָ יִם Lv 11:23 (H).

† [עַפְעַף] n. m.:Je 9, 17 eyelid (NH id.; from fluttering ?);—only du. cstr. (v. infr.) and sf. עַפְעַפַּי Jb 16:16, Ps 132:4, עַפְעַפֶּיְ Pr 4:25, 6:4, etc.;—eyelids, usu. nearly = eyes (6 t. ‖עֵינַיִם), as weeping, עַפְעַפֵּינוּ Je 9:17; closed in sleep Ps 132:4, Pr 6:4, cf. of חַלְמָוֶת Jb 16:16; looking Pr 4:25 cf. Ps 11:4 (of י׳, testing men); used seductively by wanton women Pr 6:25; raised, in arrogance (‘ superciliousness ’ 30:13; fig. עַפְעַפֵּי־שָָׁחַר Jb 3:9 eyelids of dawn, break of dawn, 41:10 (sim.).

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† II. [עוּף], I. [עִיף] vb. be dark;—only Qal Impf. 2 ms. תָּעֻ֫פָה Jb 11:17 (though) it be dark, but rd. prob. תְּעֻפָה, subst., v. infr.

† I. עֵיפָה n. f. darkness;—עשֵֹׁה שַׁחַר עֵיפָה Am 4:13; אֶרֶץ עֵפָ֫תָה Jb 10:22 (Ges:§ 90 g; ‖חַלְמָוֶת).

† II. עֵיפָה n. pr. 1. gent. ‘ son ’ of Midian Gn 25:4 (J) = 1 Ch 1:33, cf. Is 60:6, LXX Γαφερ, Γεφαρ, Γαιφα(ρ). 2. m. name in Judah 1 Ch 2:47, LXX Γαιφα. 3. f. concubine of Caleb 1 Ch 2:46, LXX Γαιφαηλ, A Γαιφα ἡ, LXXL Γαιφα.

מוּעָף n.[m.] gloom;—Is 8:23.

† [מָעוּף] n.[m.] id.;—cstr. מְעוּף חוּקָה Is 8:22 (‖הֲשֵׁכָה); Che:Hpt. rds. מוּעַף.

תְּעֻפָה n. f. id.;—so rd. prob. for תָּעֻ֫פָה Jb 11:17 (opp. כֹּקֶר).

עוֹפַי Kt, עֵיפַי Qr n. pr. m. a Neṭophathite, Je 40:8, LXX Ιωφε, Ωφε, Ωφετ.

† [עוּץ] vb. counsel, plan (Aram. id.; ‖ form of יעץ);—only Qal Imv. mpl. עֻ֫חוּ Ju 19:30 (GFM rds. עֵחָה, but v. Bu), Is 8:10 c. acc. cogn. עֵחָה. (Sta:ThLz 1894, Apr. 28, 235 der. עֻחוּ fr. יעץ).

עוּץ n. pr. 1. m. a. (eldest) ‘ son ’ of Aram Gn 10:23 (P), = ‘ son ’ of Shem 1 Ch 1:17, LXX Ως, LXXL Ch Ουζ. b. eldest ‘ son ’ of Naḥor Gn 22:21 (J), A Ωξ, LXXL Ωζ. c. Edomite name Gn 36:28 = 1 Ch 1:42, LXX Ως, LXXL Ους 2. loc. (=

1. a, b, poss. also c), מַלְכֵי אֶרֶץ הָעוּץ Je 25:20 (LXX om.); בְּאֶרֶץ־עוּץ Jb 1:1 (home of Job), LXX Αυσιτις; La 4:21 (del. עוּץ LXX cf. Bu and reff.); on Uz as vague name for E. country v. esp. Bu:ix. f.; Dl:Pa 259, ZKF ii. 87 ff. puts in Hauran, or N. (NE.) therefrom, = As. Uṣṣu, but dub. With name עוּץ RS:K 261 cp. Ar. n. pr. div. عَوْض, so We:Heid. 2, 146; against this Nö:ZMG xi (1886), 183 f., but v. reply RS:Sem i. 43.

יעוּץ n. pr. m. Benjamite name 1 Ch 8:10, LXX Ιδως, A Ιεους, LXXL Ιωας.

† [עוּק] vb. dub. (if correct, Aram. form (cf. עוּק, ܐܳܩ) for חוּק press, so Thes al.);—only Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. תָּעִיק Am 2:13, Pt. מֵעִיק v:13; but read prob. תָּפוּק, מֵפִיק totter, cause tottering Hi We Now Dr.

† [עָקָה] n. f. pressure (si vera l., Aram. word, Targum עָֽקְתָא, Syr. ܥܳܩܬܳܐ);—only cstr. מִפְּנֵי עָקַת רָשָׁע Ps 55:4 because of the pressure of the wicked; > rd. חַעֲקַת (‖קוֹל; Ol al.), which means cry for help.

מוּעָקָה n. f. compression, distress (si vera l., Aram. word, = מְחוּקָה);—בְּמָתְנֵינוּ שַׂמְתָּ מ׳ Ps 66:11, LXX θλίψεις, Vulgate tribulations; but word dub.

† [עָוַר] vb. Pi. make blind, blind (orig. meaning of √ dub.; Thes עור = dig (Ar. غَارُ etc. cave); Hal:RÉJ xi, 67 cp. עוֹר skin, whence blindness as cataract;—Aram. adj. עֲוִיר, ܥܘܺܪ blind, Pa. עַוַּר, عيط = Heb. Pi.; Ar. عَوِرَ be one-eyed, Eth. 9ora: be blind Di:995);—Pi. Pf. 3 ms. עִוֵּר 2 K 25:7, c. עֵינֵי put out the eyes of = Je 39:7 = 52:11; Impf. 3 ms. יְעַוֵּר fig., Ex 23:8 (E) a bribe blindeth, c.acc. pers. (Sam LXX ins. עֵינֵי); Dt 16:19, c. עֵינֵי.

עִוֵּר adj. blind;—only abs. ע׳ Ex 4:11 +, pl. עִיְרִים 2 S 5:6 +, f. עִוְרוֹת Is 42:7; (c. art. הָעִוֵּר Dt 28:29, elsewh. הַע׳ Baer Ginsb; van d. H. לָעִוֵּר Jb 29:15, הָעִוְרִים 2 S 5:6, 5:8, Is 42:18);—blind, usu. as subst. = the blind:

1. lit., physically blind: a. of men Ex 4:11 (J; opp. פִּקֵּחַ), 2 S 5:6, 5:8, 5:8, Lv 19:14 (H), Dt 27:18, Je 31:8, Jb 29:15; in sim. Dt 28:29, Zp 1:17, Is 59:10, cf. La 4:14 (appos.); as adj. attribute אִישׁ ע׳ Lv 21:18 (H). b. of sacrif. animal Dt 15:21, Mal 1:8.

2. fig., a. of the helpless, groping Is 29:18, 35:5, 42:16, Ps 146:8; as adj. attribute, עֵינַיִם עִוְרוֹת Is 42:7. b. of the dull, unreceptive, Is 42:18, 42:19, 42:19, 42:19 (but v:19 c rd. חֵרֵשׁ q. v.); as adj. attrib. עַם עִוֵּר 43:8; as predicate 56:10.

עִוָּרוֹן n.[m.] blindness;—only in phr. (subj. י׳), smite (הִכָּה) with blindness: fig. of ‘ blind incapacity ’ (Dr) בְּע׳ Dt 28:28; of smiting horses בַּע׳ Zc 12:4, i.e. with blind staggers, making them helplessly wild.

עַוֶּ֫רֶת n. f. id.;—of sacrif. animals, abstr. for concr., Lv 22:22 (H).

† I. [עוּר] vb. rouse oneself, awake (NH id.; Aram. עוּר, ܥܳܪ; Ar. عير, عَارَ, v. עיר, עַיִר; غير, غَارَ is be jealous, cf. Syr. ܥܝܳܪܳܐ hate, revenge);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְעוּרֶנּוּ Jb 41:2 Baer Ginsb, and Qr van d. H., but Kt יעירנו (Hiph.), Bab. Mass. (v. Baer:p. 58), so Ginsb:marg. van d. H.; rd. thus, or יְעוֹרְרֶנּוּ (Pōï‘l.) Bu; > contr. form of Pōï‘l. Ges:§ 72 cc Di; cf. Sta:§ 484 e; Imv. ms. ע֫וּרָה Ps 7:7 +, fs. ע֫וּרִי Ju 5:12, 5:12 + 3 t., עוּרִ֫י Ju 5:12; 5:12 + 5 t. (for rhythm); Pt. עֵר Ct 5:2 + Mal 2:12 (read prob. עֵד We Now GASm, cf. LXX ἕως = עַד);—rouse oneself to activity, of Deborah Ju 5:12, 5:12, 5:12, 5:12; of י׳ Ps 7:7 (‖קוּמָה, הִנָּשֵׂא), 59:5 (sq. inf.), 44:24 (opp. יָשֵׁן), of י׳'s arm Is 51:9, 51:9, 51:9, of oneself Ps 57:9, of Zion Is 52:1, 52:1, of stone (idol) Hb 2:19, sword Zc 13:7 (+ עַל against), wind Ct 4:16, harp and lyre Ps 57:9 = 108:3; לִבִּי עֵר Ct 5:2 my heart waketh (opp. יָשֵׁן).—Jb 41:2, Mal 2:12 v. supr. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֵעוֹר Zc 2:17; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעוֹר Je 6:22, Zc 4:1; 3 mpl. יֵעֹרוּ Je 50:41, Jb 14:12, יֵעוֹרוּ Jo 4:12; —be roused Zc 4:1 (fr. [מִן] sleep, in sim.), so Jb 14:12 (sleep of death, ‖יָקִיחוּ, יָקוּם); be incited to activity, c. מִן loc.: of י׳ Zc 2:17, of nation Je 6:22, kings 50:41, whirlwind 25:32; abs. of nations Jo 4:12. Pōï‘l. Pf. 3 ms. עוֹרֵר 2 S 23:18 +, וְע׳ consec. Is 10:26, 1 S. וְעוֹרַרְתִּ֫י Zc 9:13, sf. עוֹרַרְתִּיְ Ct 8:5; Impf. 3 fs. תְּעֹרֵר Pr 10:12, 2 mpl. תְּעוֹרְרוּ Ct 2:7, 3:5, תְּעֹרְרוּ 8:4 (fem. subj. Ges:§ 144 a); Imv. ms. עוֹרְרָה Ps 80:3; Inf. עֹרֵר Jb 3:8; —rouse, incite to activity, c. acc. pers. Zc 9:13 (+ עַל against), acc. רְפָאִים Is 14:9 (subj. שְׁאוֹל v. Ges:§ 145 t); ע׳ אֶת־גְּבוּרָתְֶָ Ps 80:3 (of י׳); הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר לִוְיָתָן Jb 3:8; esp. rouse, excite love Ct 2:7, 3:5, 8:4 (all ‖תָּעִירוּ; fem. subj. v. Ges:§ 144 a); עוֹרַרְתִּיְ 8:5 is dubious, of exciting love De, arousing from slumber Bu, so, reading עוֹרַרְתִּיךְ, Siegf; מְדָנִים שִׂנְאָה תְּע׳ Pr 10:12 hatred stirreth up strifes; c. acc. of weapon 2 S 23:18 rouse, awaken, i.e. wield, brandish (+ עַל against), so read also v:8 (v. חֲנִית 1) = 1 Ch 11:11, 11:20, so Is 10:26.—Is 23:13 v. ערר. Pilp. Impf. 3 mpl. זַעֲקַת־שֶׁבֶר יְעֹעֵָרוּ Is 15:5, usu. expl. as = יְעַרְעֵָרוּ (wh. some rd.), rouse (i.e. raise ?) a cry of destruction, Ges:Comm. Thes. De Di Du Ges:§ 72 cc Kö:i. 500; ii. 497; Pilp. not elsewhere, very dub.; rd. perh. יְעוֹרֵָרוּ; Lag:Proph. Chald. IL Che Gu:Kau SS rd. יְרֹעָָעוּ shout, but improb. with זַעֲקַת. Hithpōï‘l. Pf. וְהִתְעֹרַ֫רְתִּי כִּי consec. Jb 31:29 and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant, that (‖אֶשְׂמַח), so perh. Impf. 3 ms. Jb 17:8, rdg. וְחָנֵף עַל־נָקִי יִתְעֹרָָר Me Di Beer (MT וְנָקִי עַל־חָנֵף יִתְע׳ i.e. be excited with displeasure); rouse oneself to activity, Pt. מִתְעוֹרֵר לְהַחֲזִיק בָּךְ Is 64:6. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵעִיר Is 41:2 +; 1 S. הַעִיר֫וֹתִי Is 41:25 (v. Kö:i. 500 Ges:§ 72 x), sf. הַעִירֹתִהוּ 45:13; Impf. 3 ms. יָעִיר Dt 32:11 +, וְיָעֵר Dn 11:25, וַיָּ֫עַר Hg 1:14 +, sf. וַיְעִירֵנִי Zc 4:1, etc.; Imv. ms. הָעִירָה Ps 35:23; mpl. הָעִירוּ Jo 4:9; Inf. בָּעִיר (= בְּהָעִיר) Ps 73:20 (Ges:§ 53 q); Pt. מֵעִיר Is 13:17 +, sf. מְעִירָם Jo 4:7; —

1. rouse, c. sf. Zc 4:1 (as if from sleep, v. Qal); rouse, stir up, to activity, כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעִיר קִנּוֹ Dt 32:11; c. acc. pers., or equiv., expressed or implied, esp. subj. י׳: Is 45:13; c. מִן loc. 41:2, 41:25, Jo 4:7; + עַל against Is 13:17, cf. Je 50:9, 51:1, Ez 23:22; הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ פ׳ Je 51:11, Hg 1:14, 1 Ch 5:26, 2 Ch 21:16 (+ עַל against), 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, cf. v:5; י׳ subj. also in foll.: יָעִיר קִנְאָה Is 42:13, יָעִיר 50:4, 50:4 (+ לִי אֹזֶן); human subj., c. acc. pers. Jo 4:9, Dn 11:2 (+ אֵת in conflict with, Vulgate de W Meinh Behrm, cf. Bev. who thinks יערך לקראת poss.); perh. also, obj. crocodile Jb 41:2 (rdg. יְעִירֶנּוּ v. Qal); וְיָעֵר כֹּחוֹ וּלְבָבוֹ Dn 11:25 (+ עַל against); esp. of rousing love Ct 2:7, 3:5, 8:4 (all ‖ Pōï‘l. q. v.); fig. אָעִירָה שָָׁחַר Ps 57:9 I will arouse the dawn (‖ Imv. Qal q. v.); pt. abs. = stirring up (a fire) Ho 7:4 (si vera 1.; cf. Ges:§ 120 b; but text dubious cf. We Now GASm).

2. declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake, הָעִירָה וְהָקִיחָה לְמִשְׁפָּטִי Ps 35:23, cf. Jb 8:6 (+ עַל over = for; both subj. י׳); abs. Ps 73:20.

735

† I. עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror, וּבֶהָלוֹת ע׳ Je 15:9; of rage (si vera l.), לאֹ אָבוֹא בְּעִיר Ho 11:9, but St prop. לְבָעֵר cf. We Oort Now GASm.—בָּעִיר Ps 73:20 v. עור Hiph.—II, III. עִיר v. p. 746 infr.

עֵר n. pr. m. Ηρ (cf. עוּר Qal Pt.);—

1. eldest son of Judah Gn 38:3, 38:6 = 1 Ch 2:3, 2:3, Gn 38:7, 46:12, 46:12, Nu 26:19, 26:19

2. son of Judah's son Shelah 1 Ch 4:21.—Vid. also Qal Pt. עֵר supr.

† I. עֵרִי n. pr. m. a son of Gad Gn 46:16 Nu 26:16, Αηδις, Αδδει.

II. עֵרִי adj. gent. of I. עֵרִי, c. art. as subst. co11. הָעֵרִי Nu 26:16, Αδδει.

עֵרָן n. pr. m. (si vera l.) an Ephraimite Nu 26:36, but עדן Sam Ginsb:marg., LXX Εδεν.

עֵרָנִי adj. gent. of עֵרָן, c. art. as subst. coll. Nu 26:36, עדני Sam Ginsb:marg., LXX Εδενει.

יָעוֹר Kt, יָעִיר Qr, n. pr. m. father of Elḫanan the giant-slayer 1 Ch 20:5 (Ιαειρ) + ‖ 2 S 21:19 (where read יעיר for יַעֲרֵי, and del. אֹרְגִים, v. Th We Dr Bu Kit HPS).

† II. [עוּר] vb. be exposed, bare (akin to עָרָה, ערר; Ar. عَوْرَةُ = pudenda);—Niph. Impf. 3 fs. עֶרְיָה תֵעוֹר קַשְׁתֶָּךְ Hb 3:9 into nakedness (i.e. utterly) is thy bow laid bare, made ready; We prop. עוֹרֵר תְּעוֹרֵר (cf. 2 S 23:18, I. עור Pōï‘l.), and so Now [from √ ערר, lay bare] thou layest, etc.

† [מָעוֹר] n.[m.] nakedness, pudendum;—only pl. sf. מְעוֹרֵיהֶם Hb 2:15.

עֵירֹם, עֵרֹם adj. and n.[m.] 1. naked; 2. nakedness (√ עור Ew:423, 426 Ges:§ 85 t Sta:§§ 295, 327 a; √ ערם (not Heb. in this sense) Ba:NB § 27 g Kö:ii. 84, 120);—abs. עֵירֹם Gn 3:10; 3:11 + 4 t., עֵרֹם Ez 16:7 + 2 t. Ez; pl. עֵירֻמִּים) Gn 3:7; —

1. adj. naked Gn 3:7, 3:10, 3:11 (all pred.); as subst. concr. Ez 18:7, 18:16.

2. n. abstr. nakedness Dt 28:48; וְעֶרְיָה ע׳ nakedness and bareness (= naked and bare, of personified Jerusalem), Ez 16:7, 16:22, 16:39, 22:29.

736

עָרוֹם, עָרֹם adj. naked (perh. secondary form from עֵירֹם Ew:§ 163 c Sta:§ 327 a; or from √ עָרָה, q. v.);—abs. עָרוֹם Am 2:16 + 8 t., עָרֹם 1 S 19:24 + 3 t.; f. עֲרֻמָּה Ho 2:5; pl. עֲרוּמִּים Gn 2:25, Jb 22:6; —naked Gn 2:25 (J) 1 S 19:14, Ho 2:5; adverb. (Ges:§ 118 n) c. הָלַח Is 20:2, 20:3, 20:4, Mi 1:8, cf. Am 2:16, Jb 24:7, 24:10; = subst. concr. Is 58:7, Jb 22:6; = without possessions Jb 1:21, 1:21 = Ec 5:14; of Shₑ’ôl, open before י׳ Jb 26:6.

† [מַעֲרֹם, Kö:ii. 1, 121] n. m. naked thing;—pl. abstr. sf. מַעֲרֻמֵּיהֶם 2 Ch 28:15 their nakedness (denom. fr. foreg. Sta:§ 273 a; > √ ערם Ba:NB § 166 b).

III. עור (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

עוֹר:99 n. m.:Jb 7:5 skin ( NH id.; Ph. ערת Lzb:346);—ע׳ abs. Gn 3:21 +, cstr. Ex 34:29 +; sf. עֹרוֹ 29:14 +, עוֹרוֹ Je 13:23, עֹרָהּ Nu 19:5, etc.; pl. cstr. עֹרֹת Gn 27:16 +, עוֹרֹת Ex 39:34 sf. עֹרֹתָם Lv 16:27; —skin:

1. of men (55 t.), שִׂמְלָתוֹ לְעֹרוֹ Ex 22:26 (E), פָּנָיו ע׳ 34:29, 34:30 cf. v:35 (all P); (dark) skin of Cushite Je 13:23; v. also Ez 37:6, 37:8, La 3:8, Jb 7:5, 10:11, +; in hyperb. Mi 3:2, 3:3; עוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י Jb 19:20 b the skin of my teeth, i.e. gums (si vera l.); also Lv 13:2 + 33 t. Lv 13 (P), in tests for leprosy (v. esp. ־בְּשָׂרוֹע׳ v:2, v:2, v:3, v:4, v:11, cf. v:3, v:38, v:39, v:43); עוֹר בְּעַד עוֹר Jb 2:4 skin in behalf of, for, skin, appar. proverb. phrase of barter, = everything has its price (on varieties of interpr. v. Comm.).

2. hide of animals (44 t.), alw.—exc. Jb 40:31—after skinning: Gn 27:16 (J); of sacrif. victims Ex 29:14, Lv 4:11 + 5 t. (all P); prepared for use (by some process of tanning, cf. Now:Arch. i. 242), sts. = leather: material of garments Gn 3:21 (J), girdle 2 K 1:8, any article Lv 11:32, 13:48 ff Nu 31:20 (P); covering of tabern. Ex 25:5, 25:5 + 10 t. Ex 26, 35, 36, 39, of ark, sacred utensils, etc., Nu 4:6 + 5 t. Nu 4.

עורים Is 30:6 v. עַיִר. p. 747

† [עוּשׁ] vb. si vera l., lend aid, come to help (Ar. غَاشَ IV. aid, succour; Sab. עַותַ n. help, Sab Denkm:91; Nab. Sin. עות in n. pr. Lzb:337 Cook:90);—Qal Imv. mpl. עוּשׁוּ וָבֹאוּ Jo 4:11 but dub.; Gr Dr, plausibly, חוּשׁוּ; Che:Expos., Nov. 1897, 365 גְּשׁוּ (√ נגשׁ); עוּרוּ We Now.

יְעוּשׁ (also Kt יעישׁ) n. pr. m. (prob. he comes to help, Nö:ZMG xl (1886), 168; = Ar. n. pr. div. يَغُوشُ, We:Skizzen iii, 171; Heid. 2, 146 RS:K 218 (cf. Sem i. 43) Nö:l. c., yet against this LXX Ιεους (i.e. ع; not Ιαγους, غ), and יְ (not יָ), Lag:M ii. 77; BN 133 Buhl:Edom. 48 f.);—

1. son of Esau Gn 36:5, 36:14 (both Kt יעישׁ), v:18, 1 Ch 1:35.

2. Benjamites: a. 1 Ch 7:10 (Kt יעישׁ). b. 1 Ch 8:39.

3. a Levite 1 Ch 23:10, 23:11.

4. son of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:19.—יוֹעָשׁ v. supr., p. 222 b.

† [עָוַת] vb. be bent, crooked (NH id., Pi. Nithp.; Aram. עַוֵּית Pa.; cf. ܥܰܬ, ܥܬܳܐ deceive PS:3008);—Pi. Pf. 3 ms. sf. עִוְּתָָנִי Jb 19:6, עִוְּתוֹ Ec 7:13; 3 pl. sf. עִוְּתוּנִי Ps 119:78; Impf. 3 ms. יְעַוֵּת Ps 146:9, Jb 8:3, יְעַוֶּת־ v:3; Inf. לְעַוֵּת Am 8:5, La 3:22; —

1. a. make crooked = falsify, scales Am 8:5; pervert justice (מִשְׁפָּט, חֶדֶק) Jb 8:3, 8:3, 34:12 (all God subj.); c. acc. pers. subvert (i.e. deprive of justice), אָדָם בְּרִיבוֹ לְע׳ La 3:36, cf. Ps 119:78; so עִוְּתָָנִי Jb 19:6 (י׳ subj.).

2. bend, make crooked, דֶּרֶח רְשָׁעִים Ps 146:9 (י׳ subj.); in gen. Ec 7:13 (God subj.; opp. תִּקֵּן). Pu. Pt. מְעֻוָּת Ec 1:15 what is bent (opp. תְּקֹן). Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְהִתְעַוְּתוּ Ec 12:3 and the strong men bend themselves.

† [עַוָּתָה] n. f. subversion, i.e. deprivation of justice;—sf. עַוָּתָתִי La 3:59 (opp. מִשְׁפָּטִי).

עוּת vb. very dub.; only in לָדַעַת לָעוּת אֶת־יָעֵף דָּבָר Is 50:4 usu. to help, so Ges Del Di Ry:Kau al., but in that case an Aramaism (Aram. …עות = Ar. غَاشَ, q. v. sub עוּשׁ); text prob. corrupt, LXX Oort:Th T 1891, 469 לְעִתּוֹ, and del. אֶת־יָעֵף; Klo Che:Comm. לִרְעוֹתteach, edify, ’ Gr לַעֲנוֹת, Che:Hpt. לְהַחֲיוֹת.

עוּתַי n. pr. m. 1. name in Judah 1 Ch 9:4, Γωθει (= עֲתָיָה Ne 11:4). 2. Ezr 8:14, Ουθι.

עַז, עֹז, עֻזָּא v. עזז. עֵז v. ענז. p. 738–39, 777

עֲזָאזֵל n.[m.] entire removal (redupl. intens. (Ges:§ 30 n. Sta:§ 124 a), abstr., √ [עזל] = Ar. عزل remove, v. Bähr:Symb. ii. 668 Win:ii. 659 ff. Me Schenkel:BL. i. 256; > most, n. pr. of spirit haunting desert, Thes Di Dr:Hastings, DB [a fallen angel, Lv 16:8 ff. being late, acc. to Che:ZAW xv (1895), 153 ff., Ency. Bib., who der. fr. עזז־אל; cf. Benz:Ency. Bib.], as in Jewish angelology, where prob. based on interpret. of Lv 16:8 ff.; name not elsewhere);—ע׳ Lv 16:8, 16:10, 16:10, 16:26 in ritual of Day of Atonement, = entire removal of sin and guilt from sacred places into desert on back of goat, symb. of entire forgiveness.

I. עָזַב:213 vb. leave, forsake, loose (NH id. (rare); Ar. عَزَبَ be remote, absent, depart, As. ezêbu, leave, Shaph. ušezib, rescue, cf. BAram. שֵׁיזֵב;—Eth. m40sab: widowed Di:973);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 24:27 +, sf. עֲזָבַנִי Is 49:14, Ps 38:11; 3 fs. עָזָ֑בָה Ez 23:8; 1 s. sf. עֲזַבְתִּיךְ Is 54:7; 2 fpl. עֲזַבְתֶּן Ex 2:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲזֹב Is 55:7 +, יַעֲזָב־ Gn 2:24, sf. 1 s. וַיַּעַזְבֵנִי 1 S 30:13, etc.; Imv. עֲזֹב Ps 37:8, עָזְבָה Je 49:11, עִזְבוּ Je 48:28, Pr 9:6, etc.; Inf. abs. עָזוֹב Je 14:5, עָזֹב Ex 23:5; cstr. עֲזֹב Gn 44:22 +, sf. עָזְבֵךְ Je 2:17 +, etc.; Pt. act. עֹזֵב Pr 10:17 +, cstr. עֹזְבִי (Ges:§ 90 l); f. cstr. עֹזֶבֶת Pr 2:17 etc.; pass. עָזוּב Dt 32:26 +, etc.;—†

1. leave, c. acc. (on order of meanings cf. Nö:ZMG. xl (1886). 726): a. = depart from, acc. pers. Gn 44:22, 44:22 (J), 2 K 2:2, 2:4, 2:6, 4:30, Nu 10:31 (P), Ru 1:16, Je 9:1 (‖הָלַךְ מֵאֵת); acc. loc. 1 K 8:6, Je 25:28 (י׳ as lion leaving lair); c. מִן loc. intrans. (strangely) Je 18:14 (of snow). b. leave behind, acc. pers. Ex 2:20 (J), 2 S 15:16 (+ inf.), Ez 24:21; acc. rei + בְּיַד Gn 39:12, 39:13, + אֶחְלִי v:15, v:18 (all J); + ב loc. 50:8 (J); acc. pers. et rei Ex 9:21 (J). c. leave in the presence of (לִפְנֵי) 1 Ch 16:37 (ל of accus., cf. ל 3 b supr.), 2 Ch 28:14. d. leave in safety, וְאָ֫נָה חַעַזְבוּ כְּבוֹדְכֶם Is 10:3. e. leave in a given condition, situation, אֹתוֹ בְמַחֲלֻיִים ע׳ 2 Ch 24:25 they left him in great suffering; c. adv. acc. Ez 23:29; a city פְּתוּחָה Jos 8:17. f. leave undisturbed, let alone Ru 2:16. g. leave unexercised, Gn 24:27 pregn. he hath not left his kindness and his faithfulness from (being) with (מֵעִם) my master; so חַסְדּוֹ אֶת־ ע׳ Ru 2:20 (both of י׳); חֵמָה ע׳ Ps 37:8 (‖הֶרֶף מֵאַף). h. leave in the hand of, entrust to, acc. rei + בְּיַד Gn 39:6 (J), + אֶל־ Jb 39:11 (‖בָּטַח בְּ), + עַל־ Ps 10:14 (acc. om., his cause).—So also poss. (c. לְ) Ne 3:34 (reading לֵאלֽהִים for MT לָהֶם), but text prob. otherwise corrupt. i. leave to (ל) one (unaided), וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ מֵעֲזֹב לוֹ Ex 23:5 a (E) thou shalt refrain from leaving it (sc. the affair) to him; cf. תַּעֲזֹב לָאָרֶץ בֵּיחֶיהָ Jb 39:14 (of ostrich). j. leave over, remaining, acc. pers. Jos 2:21 (JE); acc. rei + לְ pers. Lv 19:10, 23:22 (H), Mal 3:19. k. leave = have nothing to do with Pr 9:6.

2. leave, abandon, forsake:a. abandon, acc. rei: (1) land, house, city, tent, etc., 1 S 31:7 = 1 Ch 10:7, 2 K 7:7, Je 9:18, 48:28, 51:9, 2 Ch 11:14, Is 17:9 (+ מִפְּנֵי of enemy); pt. pass. of cities v:2, Je 4:29, Zp 2:4, cf. עֲזוּבָה Is 17:9 pt. = subst. = deserted region. (2) oxen 1 K 19:20, idol-images (+ שָׁם) 2 S 5:21 = 1 Ch 14:12, flock Zc 11:17; pt. pass. of eggs Is 10:14. † b. forsake, (1) human subj. and obj.: Gn 2:24 (J; a man his parents), 1 S 30:13, Jos 22:3 (D), Je 49:11, Ps 27:10 (parent a child), Pr 2:17 (wife her husband, אַלוּף), cf. עֲזוּבָה אִשָּׁה Is 54:6, and ע׳ of personif. Zion Is 60:15, 62:4. (2) an animal its young Je 14:5 (obj. om). † c. = neglect, Levite Dt 12:19, 14:27, poor Jb 20:19. d. esp. (1) fig. of forsaking God (י׳), apostatizing, Ju 10:10, Dt 28:20, 31:16, Je 1:16 + 38 t. (oft. Je and later); + Jon 2:9 (obj. חַסְדָּם, i.e. God, v. חֶסֶד II); c. ל + inf. only עָֽזְבוּ לִשְׁמֹר אֶת־י׳ Ho 4:10 (Oort We Now doubt לִשְׁמֹר). (2) obj. י׳'s law, commands, covenant, etc., Dt 29:24, 1 K 19:10, 19:14 + 14 t.; house of י׳ 2 Ch 24:18, Ne 10:40. † (3) forsake, fail to follow, obey advice, instruction, wisdom, reproof: 1 K 12:8, 12:13 = 2 Ch 10:8, 10:13, Pr 2:13, 4:2, 4:6, 10:17, 15:10, 27:10. † (4) but also of forsaking idols Ez 20:8, sins of various kinds 23:8, Is 55:7, Pr 28:13 (obj. om.; + מוֹדֶה confess); הַמַּשָּׁא usury Ne 5:10. e. of God's forsaking, abandoning men: Dt 31:17, Is 42:16, 49:14, 54:7, 2 Ch 12:5, Ezr 9:9, Ps 9:11, 22:2 + 8 t. PsalmPsalm; + בְּיַד Ne 9:28, Ps 37:33; Ps 16:10 thou wilt not abandon my soul לִשְׁאוֹל; of temporary abandonment 2 Ch 32:31 (+ inf. of purpose); etc. (34 t. in all); + Je 12:7 (י׳ abandoning his house). † f. of God's leaving, i.e. ceasing to regard, the earth, thus giving impunity to crime, Ez 8:12, 9:9. † g. of strength (כֹּחַ) forsaking one Ps 38:11, courage (לֵב) 40:13, kindness and faithfulness (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Pr 3:3. †

3. let loose, set free, let go עִמּוֹ עָזֹב תַּעֲזֹב Ex 23:5 b (E) thou shalt by all means free it (sc. the beast) with him, (aid him to set it free; on sense, cf. Dt 22:4; DHM sub II. עזב); עָחוּר וְעָזוּב shut up and freed, proverb. phr., = all classes of people Dt 32:36, 1 K 14:10, 21:21, 2 K 9:8, 14:26 (exact meaning dub.; prob. either = bond and free, or [v. RS:Sem i. 437, 2nd ed. 456] under taboo and free from it); let go Jb 20:13 (c, acc. of wickedness as morsel in mouth); let loose my complaint Jb 10:1 (עָלַי apud me, cf. עַל II 1 d); אֶעֶזְבָה פָנַי Jb 9:27 I will loosen, relax, my face, (cf. Thes De Me Stu Di Buhl:Lex Bu; > abandon my [gloomy] countenance AV RV SS Bae:Kau Du). † Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶעֱזַב Ne 13:11; 3 fs. נֶעֱזָבָ֫ה Is 62:12; Impf. 3 fs. תֵּעָזֵב Is 7:16, Lv 26:43, תֵּעָ֣זַב Jb 18:4; 3 mpl. יֵעָֽזְבוּ Is 18:6; Pt. נֶעֱזָב Is 27:10, Ps 37:25; fpl. נֶעֱזָבוֹת Ez 36:4; —1. be left to (לְ), i.e. to the possession of, Is 18:6. 2. be forsaken, of house of God Ne 13:11, a city Ez 36:4, Is 27:10 (‖מְשֻׁלָּח), 62:12; the earth Jb 18:4, land Is 7:16, Lv 26:43 (+ מִן of exiles); of man Ps 37:25. † Pu. (or Qal pass., v. Ges:§ 52 e) be deserted, of city: Pf. 3 ms. הֲמוֹן עִיר עֻזָּב֫ Is 32:14 (‖נֻטָּ֔שׁ); 3 fs. עֻזְּבָה Je 49:25.

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†I. עֲזוּבָה n.f. forsakenness, desolation;—בְּקֶרֶב הָאָרֶץ וְרַבָּה הָע׳ Is 6:12.—17:9 v. √ 2 a.

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†II. עֲזוּבָה n. pr. f. 1. Αζαεβα, Αζουβα, mother of Jehoshaphat 1 K 22:42 = 2 Ch 20:31. 2. (Γ)αζουβα, wife of Caleb 1 Ch 2:18, 2:19.

† [עִזָּבוֹן] n.[ m.] only pl. wares (as left in the purchaser's hand; cf. As.uzub(b)u, a specif. payment);—sf. 2 fs. עִזְּבוֹנַיִךְ Ez 27:27, 27:33, נָ֑יִךְ- v:12 + 4 t.;—wares, only Ez 27 (oft. ‖מַעֲרָב q. v. sub ערב); בַּרְזֶל בְּדִיל וְעוֹפֶרֶת נָֽתְנוּ ע׳ Ez 27:12 iron, tin and lead they furnished as thy wares; similarly v:14, v:22; also v:16 (MT בְּע׳, but prob. de1 בְּ); נָֽתְנוּ בְּע׳ v:19 at the price of (in exchange for) thy wares they furnished, etc.; הוֹנֵךְ וְע׳ (as subj. of sentence) v:27; בְּחֵאת מִיַּמִּים ע׳ v:33 when thy wares came forth, etc.

†II. [עָזַב] vb. restore, repair (?) (cf. perhaps Sab. עדַב restore, Sab Denkm:90 DHM:Öster. Monatsschr. f. d. Orient 1885, 226; also NH מַעֲזִיבָה restoration, erection Levy:NHWB iii. 186, Ar. معزب, building-stone Kremer:Beitr. ii. 18);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּעַזְבוּ Ne 3:8 and they repaired (?) Jerus. as far as the broad wall; > paved Gu:ZPV viii (1885), 282 f., or fr. √ I. עזב (see views in Be Ryle).

עַזְבּוּק, עַזְגָּד, עֻזָּה v. עזז. p. 739

עַזָּה n.pr.loc. Gaza, Γαζα (As. Ḫazzutu, etc., COT:i. 97 Dl:Pa 290, TelAm Ḫazati, Azzati Wkl:38 *; Egypt. Gad-atu<~?~>WAITING FOR PRADIS ENTITY TO REPLACE (UNDERCIRCLE) ˜ WMM:As. u. Eur. 87, 96, 159, 392; LXX Γαζα, so Jos:Ant. xiii. 5, 5, etc.; Herod.:ii, 159; iii. 5 Κάδυτις);—Philistine city (mod. غَزَّة, Ghazze, Razze), c. Lat. 31 deg.; 3 min. N, Long. 34 deg. 28 min. E, c. 50 miles WSW. from Jerus., near the sea (Rob:BR ii. 36 ff. GASm:Geogr. 181 ff. Buhl:Geogr. 190 f.), Ju 16:1, 16:21 (both עַזָּ֑תָה), southernmost of the famous five cities, Gn 10:19 (J), Ju 6:4, 1 K 5:4, 2 K 18:8, cf. Dt 2:23, Jos 10:41 (D); also 11:22 (D), 15:47 (P), Ju 1:18, 1 S 6:17, Am 1:6, 1:7, Zp 2:4, Je 25:20, 47:1, 47:5, Zc 9:5, 9:5; —On commercial importance v. DHM:B und S 989 Gatt:ZPV vii (1884), 1 ff., 293 ff.; viii (1885), 69 ff., 179 ff.—For עַזָּה 1 Ch 7:28 van d. H., read עַיָּה Baer Ginsb (q. v.), Be Oettli Kau Kit:Hpt.; v. עַי.

עַזָּתִי adj.gent. of foreg., c. art. as subst. coll. Jos 13:3 (D); pl. לָעַזָּתִים Ju 16:2.

† [עָזַז] vb. be strong (NH id., Hiph., esp. in bad sense, and esp. deriv. עַז; Ph. עז strength, also in n.pr. Lzb:338; Aram. ܥܰܙ be mighty, strong, cf. OAram. Nab. Palm. n.pr. עזיזו Lzb:338 Cook:90; Ar. عَزُّ be mighty, strong, Eth. 9azaza: id.; As. ezêzu, be furious, ezzu, fierce);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָעֹז Ps 9:20, 52:9, יָעוֹז Dn 11:12; 3 fs. תָּעֹז Ps 89:14, Ec 7:19, וַתָּ֫עָז Ju 3:10, 6:2; Imv. ms. עוּזָּה Ps 68:29 (but v. infr.); Inf. cstr. עֲזוֹז Pr 8:28; —be strong, prevail, וַתָּ֫עָז יָדוֹ עַל־ Ju 3:10 and his hand prevailed against, so 6:2; אַל־תָּעֹז אֱנוֹשׁ Ps 9:20, Dn 11:12; abs. תָּעֹז יָֽדְְ Ps 89:14 (of י׳); of appar. strength of wicked 52:9; בַּעֲזוֹז עִינוֹת תְּהוֹם Pr 8:28 when the fountains of the deep grew strong, i.e. firm, fixed; but Oort Bi Toy rd. בְּעַזְּזוֹ when he made firm, fixed fast (‖בְּאַמְּחוֹ); עוּוָּה אֱלֽהִים Ps 68:29 Che Bae al. shew thyself strong, O God, who, etc., cf. Kö:i. 363; < עוֹז הָא׳ the might, O God, wh., etc., Hup Du; הַחָכְמָה תָּעֹז לֶחָכָם Ec 7:19 wisdom is strong for the wise.לָעוֹז Is 30:2 v. עוּז. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. חֵעֵז אִישׁ רָשָׁע בְּפָנָיו Pr 21:29 a wicked man maketh firm (sheweth boldness) with his face; so 3 fs. הֵעֵ֫זָה פָנֶיהָ 7:13 (Ges:§ 67 dd Kö:i. 372) she maketh bold her face.

עַז adj. strong, mighty, fierce;—ע׳ abs. Nu 13:28 + 2 t., עָז Ju 14:18, עָָז Am 5:9 + 4 t.; עַז cstr. Dt 28:50, Dn 8:23; f. עַזָּה Ex 14:21 + 2 t.; pl. עַזִּים Ez 7:24 + 3 t.; f. עַזּוֹת Pr 18:23; cstr. עַזֵּי Is 56:11; —strong, mighty, wind Ex 14:21 (J); border Nu 21:24 (JE), but rd. prob. יַעְזֵר (LXX Di al.) Yaïzer was t. border; of people Pr 30:25 (fig. of ants), מַיִם עַזִּים Is 43:16 (‖הַיָּם), Ne 9:11; of love Ct 8:6; = subst. the mighty Am 5:9, Ez 7:24 + Pr 24:5 (of physical force; rdg. טוֹב מֵעַז or the like LXX SyrVer Targum Kmp:Kau Wild Toy); formidable, fierce, of lion Ju 14:18, so (= subst.) v:14, of king Is 19:4 (‖אֲדֹנִים קָשֶׁה, of people Nu 13:28 (JE), Is 25:3 (‖עָרִיחִים); of enemy 2 S 22:18 = Ps 18:18, so as subst. Ps 59:4; עַז פָּנִים Dt 28:50 fierce of countenance, Dn 8:23, so perh. = impudent Ec 8:1 (rdg. עַז for עֹז q. v.); of anger (אַף) Gn 49:7 (poem in J), wrath (חֵמָה) Pr 21:14; הַכְּלָבִים עַזֵּי־נֶפֶשׁ Is 56:11 dogs fierce of appetite (‖לאֹ יָֽדְעוּ שָׂבְעָה); fpl. as adv. accus. יַעֲנֶה עַזּוֹת Pr 18:23 the rich answereth fiercely.

עֹז, and (rarely) עוֹז n.m. strength, might;—abs. ע׳ Ju 9:51 + , עוֹז Ps 84:6 +, עָז־ Is 26:1, once עָָז Gn 49:3; cstr. עֹז Mi 5:3 + , עָז־ Ps 28:8; sf. עָזִּי Ex 15:2 + 2 t., עֻזִּי Ps 28:7 +; עָזְְּ 21:2 + 2 t., עֻזְְּ 66:3 + ; sf. 1 pl. עוּזֵנוּ 81:2; 3 rnpl. עֻזָּמוּ 89:18, etc.;—strength, might (usu. poet., 44 t. PsalmPsalm):

1. material and physical, מִגְדַּל־עֹז Ju 9:51, and fig. (of י׳), Ps 61:4, Pr 18:10, מַחֲסִי־עֹז Ps 71:7, cf. עִיר עָז־לָנוּ Is 26:1, קִרְיַת־עֹז Pr 18:19 (sim.), 10:15 = 18:11 (fig.); עֹז מִבְטֶחָָה Pr 21:22 (of a city, read poss. מעוז Toy); חוּר עֻזִּי Ps 62:8 (fig.); מְרוֹם עֻזָּהּ Je 51:53 (of Bab.), מַצְּבוֹת עֻזֵּח Ez 26:11 (of Tyre), cf. Ps 30:8 (rdg. לְהַרְרֵי־עֹז Targum Hup Che Kau We; but no obj. for vb.; Gie in Bae prop. הָעֳמַדְתִּי for הֶעֱמַדְתָּה); רְקִיעַ עֻזּוֹ Ps 150:1his mighty firmament (De Hup Kau al.; Ki AV RV Che the f. of his power, where his power dwells); בְּכָל־עֹז with all one's might 2 S 6:14 = 1 Ch 13:8, + 2 Ch 30:21 (where so read, for MT כְּלֵי עֹז, Kau Kit cf. Be Oettli); בְּעוֹז Pr 31:17, 31:25; abstr. for concr. Ju 5:21 si vera l., but prob. crpt., cf. GFM Bu; of crocodile Jb 41:14; קוֹל עֹז Ps 68:34 a might voice; זְרוֹעַ עֻזּוֹ = his mighty arm (fig. of י׳) Is 62:8, cf. 51:9, Ps 89:11, Jb 26:2, גֶּשֶׁם מִטְרוֹת עֻזּוֹ Jb 37:6; מַטֵּה־עֹז, fig. of political power Je 48:17 (‖מַקֵּל תִּפְאָרָה), Ez 19:11, 19:12, 19:14 (vine-branches, in fig.), Ps 110:2.

2. personal, social, and political: a. Am 3:11, גְּאוֹן ע׳ Lv 26:l9 (H), Ez 24:21, 30:6, 30:18, 33:28. b. bestowed by י׳, 1 S 2:10 (song), Ps 29:11, 68:36, 86:16, 138:3, עוֹז־לוֹ בָָךְ 84:6, 138:3; so (implic.) of Zion Is 52:1. c. of י׳ as strength of his servants Mi 5:3, Is 49:5, Ps 81:2, 84:6, also Ex 15:2 (‖יְשׁוּעָה) = Is 12:2 = Ps 118:14, cf. Is 45:24, עֹז יְשׁוּעָתִי Ps 140:8, תִּפְאֶרֶת עֻזָּמוֹ 89:18; sts. as their stronghold, for defence Je 16:19 (+ מָעֻזִּי), Ps 28:7 (+ מָגִנִּי), v:8 (‖מָעוֹז), 46:2 (+ מַחֲסֶה), 59:10 (rdg. עֻזִּי, v. Comm. and Ginsb:marg.; ‖מִשְׂגַּבִּי), v:18 (‖ id.), cf. Pr 14:26 (‖מַחְסֶה); v. also sub 1.Pr 24:5 v. עַז.

3. might of י׳ (esp. PsalmPsalm): a. as essential attribute Hb 3:4, Jb 12:16, Ps 62:12, 63:3, 68:35, 93:1, 96:6 = 1 Ch 16:27; עֹז מֶלֶח Ps 99:4 (title of י׳). b. theme of ascription in praise Ps 29:1 (c. יָהַב) = 96:7 = 1 Ch 16:28, Ps 59:17 (c. שִׁיר), 68:35 (c. נָתַן). c. exerted for his people and against his foes Ex 15:13 (song), Ps 21:2 (‖יְשׁוּעָה), v:14, 66:3, 68:29 + v:29 (rdg. עוֹז for עוּזָּה, v. עזז), 74:13, 77:15, 78:26, 105:4 = 1 Ch 16:11, Ezr 8:22 (+ אַפּוֹ), cf. עֹז אַפְֶָּ Ps 90:11. d. manifested in connex. with the ark, אֲרוֹן עֻזְֶּ֑ 2 Ch 6:41= Ps 132:8, עֹז = ark 78:61.

4. עֹז פָּנָיו = boldness, impudence Ec 8:1, changed by wisdom, De Wild al.; < rd. עַז פ׳ he who is impudent LXX Siegf (cf. עזז Hiph.).

5. = stronghold (cf. 2 c): Ps 8:3 out of the mouth of babes…thou hast founded strength, or a stronghold (for thy defence, cf. v:b), so Ew De Hup Kau Sch Che Dr, cf. Du; > praise Vrss Bae.—מָעוֹז v. עוז.

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עֱזוּז n.[m.] strength, might, fierceness = עֹז;—cstr. מִלְחָמָה ע׳ Is 42:25 fierceness of battle (fr. י׳; + חֵמָה אַפּוֹ), נוֹרְאֹחֶיְ ע׳ Ps 145:6; sf. עֱזוּזוֹ וְנִפְלְאֹתָיו 78:4.

עִזּוּז adj. mighty, powerful;—of an army Is 43:17; of י׳ Ps 24:8.

עָזָז n.pr.m. Reubenite name 1 Ch 5:8, Οζουζ, LXXL Ιωαζαζ. (Ginsb:marg. עָזֵז, עָזָן, עַזָּן, cf. Baer:100).

עֻזָּא n.pr.m. Οζα, Αζα :

1. driver of the ark 2 S 6:3 = עֻזָּה v:6, v:7, v:8 = עֻזָּא 1 Ch 13:7, 13:9, 13:10, 13:11.

2. in גַּן־עֻזָּא burial-place of Manasseh and Amon 2 K 21:18, 21:26 (ע׳ perh. = עֻזִּיָּה, cf. Sta:G i. 569, ii. 679 Kit).

3. Benjamite name 1 Ch 8:7.

4. head of family of returned exiles Ezr 2:49 = Ne 7:51.

עֻזָּה n.pr.m. 1. Levite name 1 Ch 6:14, Οζ(ι)α, Αζα. 2. v. עֻזָּא.

עֲזִיזָא n.pr.m. one with foreign wife Ezr 10:27, Οζει(α), Αζιζα.

עֲזַזְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (י׳ is mighty);—Οζ(ε)ιας (= עֻזִּיָּהוּ):

1. Levite names: a. 1 Ch 15:21 (del. Kit). b. 2 Ch 31:13 (? Kit).

2. a Benjamite 1 Ch 27:20 (Kit עֻזִּיָּהוּ; v. also Gray:Prop. N. 295).

עֻזִּיאֵל n.pr.m. (my strength is Ēl);—Οζ(ε)ιηλ:

1. Levites: a. Ex 6:18, 6:22, Lv 10:4, Nu 3:19, 3:30, 1 Ch 5:28, 6:3, 15:10, 23:12, 23:20, 24:24. b. 1 Ch 25:4 (= עֲזַרְאֵל v:18), LXX:B Αζαραηλ. c. 2 Ch 29:14.

2. Simeonite 1 Ch 4:42.

3. Benjamite 1 Ch 7:7.

4. repairer of wall Ne 3:8.—Vid. יַעֲזִיאֵל. below

עָזִּיאֵלִי adj.gent. of foregoing, c. art. as subst. coll. Nu 3:27 (Ginsb:marg. הָעַזּ׳); לָעָז׳ 1 Ch 26:23.

עֻזִּיָּהוּ, עֻזִּיָּה n.pr.m. (my strength is י׳; cf. OHeb. עזיו Lzb:338);—

1. Οζειας, but also Αζαριας: king of Judah = עְַזַרְיָהוּ: a. עֻזִּיָּהוּ 2 K 15:32, 15:34, 2 Ch 26:1, 26:3, 26:8, 26:9, 26:11, 26:14, 26:18, 26:18, 26:19, 26:21, 26:22, 26:23, 27:2, Is 1:1, 6:1, 7:1. b. עֻזִּיָּה 2 K 15:13, 15:30, Ho 1:1, Am 1:1, Zc 14:5.

2. עֻזִּיָּהוּ father of an officer of David 1 Ch 27:25.

3. עֻזִּיָּה Levite name 1 Ch 6:9.

4. id.: priest with foreign wife Ezr 10:21.

5. id.: name in Judah Ne 11:4 (also v:5 LXX for חזיה).—Vid. also יַעֲזִיָּהוּ.

עֻזִּיָּא n.pr.m. (= foregoing; cf. Gray:Prop. N. 295);—hero of David 1 Ch 11:44, Οζεια(ς).

עֻזִּי n.pr.m. Οζει:

1. Levites: a. 1 Ch 5:31, 5:32, 6:36, Ezr 7:4. b. Ne 11:22. c. priestly name Ne 12:19, 12:42.

2. name in Issachar 1 Ch 7:2, 7:3.

3. Benjamite name 1 Ch 7:7, 9:8.

יַעֲזִיאֵל(וְ) n.pr.m. Οζειηλ, Levite name 1 Ch 15:18 = עֲזִיאֵל(וַ) v:20, both prob. err. for עֻזִּיאֵל Gray:Prop. N. 210, 224, 307, 309.

יַעֲזִיָּ֫הוּ n.pr.m. Οζεια(ς), Levite name 1 Ch 24:26, 24:27, perhaps for עֻזִּיָּהוּ Gray:Prop. N. 291.

עַזְבּוּק n.pr.m. father of one Nehemiah, a wall-builder Ne 3:16, Αζαβουχ, LXXL Εζδουκ.

עַזְגָּד n.pr.m. Ασγαδ, Αζγαδ (Gad is mighty; Gray:Prop. N. 145);—

1. a. head of family returning with Zerub. Ezr 2:l2 = Ne 7:17. b. returning with Ezra Ezr 8:12.

2. one of those sealed Ne 10:16.

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†I. עַזְמָ֫וֶת n.pr.m. A LXXL usu. Αζμωθ, Ασμωθ:

1. a. one of David's heroes 2 S 23:31, 1 Ch 11:33, B Ασβωθ. b. father of two of David's men 1 Ch 12:3. c. officer of David 1 Ch 27:25.

2. Benjamite name 1 Ch 8:36, 9:42, B Σαλμω, Γαβαωθ.

†II. עַזְמָ֫וֶת n.pr.loc. v. כֵּית־ע׳ p. 112 supr.

עַזָּן n.pr.m. Οξα, Οζα, in Issachar Nu 34:26.

עָזְנִיָּה n.f. (unclean) bird of prey, appar. akin to vulture (Now:Arch. i. 84, 116), named + נֶשֶׁר, פֶּרֶס Dt 14:12, Lv 11:13 (H); = osprey Tristr:NHB 184 Dr:Dt 14:12 (others vulture Di:Lv 11:13) (√ unknown; conject. V. in Di; perhaps foreign word).

† [עָזַק] vb. dig about (NH id., also surround, enclose; Aram. עִזְקְתָא, ܥܶܙܩܬܳܐ, ܥܶܙܰܩܬܳܐ ring; Ar. عَزَقَ cleave or furrow the earth with implement مِِعْزَقَةُ; Eth. 9azaqt: well, cistern);—Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְעַזְּקֵהוּ Is 5:2 (intens.) and he dug it carefully about.

עֲזֵקָה n.pr.loc. Αζηκα, in the Shephelah of Judah, near שׂוֹכֹה, Jos 10:10, 10:11 (JE), 15:35 (P), 1 S 17:1, Je 34:7, 2 Ch 11:9, Ne 11:30; not identified.

I. [עָזַר]:82 vb. help, succour (NH n. עֶזְרָה help; Ph. in deriv. and cpds. Lzb:338 f.; Ar. عَذَرَ excuse, exculpate, also aid; Aram. ܥܕܰܪ help, Palm. עדר, rarely עזר Lzb:338 Cook:89. 90);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. עֲזָרָָנִי Ps 118:13, עֲזָֽרְְ 1 Ch 12:19; 3 pl. sf. עֲזָרֻם 1 Ch 12:20, etc., Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲזָר־ Is 50:7, 50:9, sf. יַעְזְרֶָ֑ Is 44:2; 3 mpl. יַעְזֹ֑רוּ Is 30:7, 41:6, וַיַּעְזְרוּ 1 K 1:7 sf. יַעַזְרֻנִי Ps 119:175, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. עָזְרֵנִי Ps 109:26, 119:86 + Jos 10:4 Kt, mpl. sf. עִזְרֻנִי Qr, etc.; Inf. cstr. לַעֲזֹר 1 Ch 22:17, לַעֲזוֹר 18:5, לַעְזֹר Jos 10:33 + 5 t., לַעְזוֹר 2 Ch 25:8 + 2 S 18:3 Qr (> Kt לַעֲזִיר Hiph.); sf. לְעָזְרֵנִי 1 Ch 12:17 + 2 t., etc., Pt. act. עֹזֵר 1 K 20:16 +, etc.; pass. עָזֻר Is 31:3; —help, c. acc. pers. 1 K 20:16, Jos 1:14 + 2 Ch 28:23 (rdg. עֹזְרִים Ges:§ 53 o, for MT מַעְזְרִים, appar. Hiph.; subj. false gods); c. acc. loc. (city) Jos 10:33 (D); esp. c. sf. pers. Jos 10:4, 10:6 (+ הוֹשִׁיעַ; both JE), 1 Ch 12:18, 12:20, 12:23 (van d. H. v:17, v:19, v:22), 2 Ch 32:3, Ezr 8:22 (+ מִן of enemy), 10:15, Dn 10:13 (subj. Michael); subj. oft. God (י׳), c. acc. pers. Ps 10:14, 1 Ch 15:26, usu. sf. Gn 49:25 (poem in J), 1 S 7:12, Is 41:10, 41:13, 41:14 + 12 t. + 2 Ch 26:7 (c. עַל against), Ps 37:40 (+ פִּלֵּט), 46:6 (sf. of city), 109:26 (‖הוֹשִׁיעַ); subj. false gods Dt 32:8, 2 Ch 28:23; c. לְ pers. 2 S 8:5 + 1 Ch 18:5 + 4 t. + 2 S 18:3 (rd. Qr לַעֲזוֹר, or לְעֹזֵר ? cf. HPS); subj. י׳ Is 50:7, 50:9; c. עִם pers. 1 Ch 12:22 (van d. H. v:21; + עַל against); c. אַחֲרֵי pers. (constr. praegn.) 1 K 1:7; c. בְּ pers. against whom 2 Ch 20:23 (+ inf.); c. לְ …בֵּין , of י׳, 2 Ch 14:10; abs. Is 30:7, 2 Ch 26:13 (+ עַל against), 28:16; לְרָעָה ע׳ Zc 1:15 they helped, with evil result; י׳ subj., 2 Ch 25:8 (opp. הַכְשִׁיל); also pt. c. sf. Ez 30:8 + 3 t.; c. לְ pers. 2 K 14:26 + 5 t., of י׳ Ps 30:11, 54:6; abs. Is 31:3, 63:5, Je 47:4, Ps 22:12, 107:12; cstr. עֹזְרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 1 Ch 12:1, עֹזְרֵי רָָהַב Jb 9:13 (v. רַהַב); Pt. pass. abs. as subst. he who is helped Is 31:3. † Niph. Pf. וְנֶעֱזָרְָתִּי Ps 28:7 I am helped (sc. by י׳); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיֵּעָֽזְרוּ 1 Ch 5:20 (sc. id.; + עַל against, c. n. cogn. יֵעָֽזְרוּ עֵזֶר מְעָט Dn 11:34; Inf. cstr. הִפְלִיא לְהֵעָזֵר 2 Ch 26:15 he was wonderfully helped (lit. made wonderful to be helped). † Hiph. dub.: Inf. cstr. 2 S 18:3 Kt, Pt. pl. מַעְזְרִים 2 Ch 28:23, v. Qal.

†I. עֵ֫זֶר n.m.:Ps 121:1 help, succour;—ע׳ abs. Gn 2:18 + , sf. עֶזְרִי Ex 18:4, עֶזְרֹה Ez 12:14, etc.;—

1. help, succour Is 30:5 (‖הוֹעִיל, opp. בּשֶׁת, חֶרְפָּה), Dn 11:34; fr. י׳ Ps 20:3, 121:1, 121:2, 124:8; in 89:20 rd. נֵזֶר for ע׳ Dy Gr Kau (עֹז Bi Che), cf. Hup; מָגֵן עֶזְרְָ Dt 33:29 (= י׳).

2. concr. = one who helps (cf. 1. עֶזְרָה 2) בְּע׳ (בְּ essent., v. ב 1 7 b, Ges:§ 119 h, i) Gn. 2:18, 2:20; (J) + Ho 13:9 (rd. מִי בְע׳ Che We Gu:Kau Now); coll. (without בְּ Ez 12:14 (si vera l.; Co עֹזְרָיו) ; esp. of מִצָּרָיו י׳ ע׳ Dt 33:7 (poem), ע׳ + מָגֵן Ps 33:20, 115:9, 115:10, 115:11, + מְפַלֵּט 70:6; בְּע׳ (v. supr.) Ex 18:4 (E), Dt 33:26 (poem), Ps 146:4.

†II. עֵ֫זֶר n.pr.m. (Ph. and OHeb. עזר Lzb:338);—

1. a wall-builder Ne 3:19, Αζουρ.

2. name in Judah 1 Ch 4:4, Αζηρ, Εζερ.

3. hero of David 1 Ch 12:10 (van d. H. v:9), Αζερ, etc.

עֶ֫זֶר n.pr.m. 1. Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:21, Εζερ. 2. עָָזֶר, a priest, Ne 12:42, Ιεζουρ.

עֶזְרָא n.pr.m. Εσρας, Εσδρας , Εζδρας;

1. Ezra Ezr 7:1, 7:10, 10:1, 10:2, 10:5, 10:6, Ne 8:6; called סֹּפֵר(ה) Ezr 7:6, Ne 8:1, 8:4, 8:5, 8:13, 12:36, הַכֹּהֵן Ezr 10:10, 10:16, Ne 8:2, 8:9, both Ezr 7:11, Ne 12:26.

2. priest with Zerub. Ne 12:1, 12:13.

3. Ne 12:33.

†I. עֶזְרָה, עֶזְרָת, עֶזְרָ֫תָה n.f. help, succour, assistance;—abs. ע׳ Is 10:3 + , עֶזְרָת Ps 60:13, 108:13 (Ges:§ 80 g), עֶזְרָ֫תָה Ps 63:8 + 2 t.; cstr. עֶזְרַת Is 31:2 +; sf. עֶזְרָתִי Ps 22:20 +, etc.;—

1. help, succour Is 10:3, 20:6 (+ לְהִנָּחֵל), 31:1, Je 37:7, La 4:17, Jb 6:13, 2 Ch 28:21; פֹּעֲלֵי אָָוֶן ע׳ Is 31:2 help from, etc.; י׳ ע׳ Ju 5:23, 5:23 help of (for) י׳; from י׳ Ps 22:20, 38:23, 40:14 (‖לְהַצִּילֵנִי), 70:2 (‖ id.), 71:12 + מִצָָּר 60:13 (‖תְּשׁוּעָה) =108:13.

2. concr., embodied help, one who helps (cf. 1 עֵזֶר 2): a. coll. Jb 31:21 when I saw my help (assistance, support) in the gate; בֵּע׳ (v. 1. עֵזֶר 2.) Na 3:9. b. of י׳ Ps 27:9, 40:18 (+ מְפַלֵּט), 46:2 (‖מַחֲסֶה,עֹז ) 44:27, 63:8, 94:17; בְּע׳ 35:2.

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†II. עֶזְרָה n.pr.m. Εσρει, Ιεζραα, in Judah 1 Ch 4:17.

עַזּוּר and (once) עַזֻּר n.pr.m. Αζωρ, Εζερ Ιαζερ:

1. father of Hananiah Je 28:1.

2. עַזֻּר Ez 11:1

3. a chief of people Ne 10:18.

עֲזַרְאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl hath helped);—Οζρειηλ, Εζριηλ, etc.;

1. warrior of David 1 Ch 12:7 (van d. H. v:6).

2. Levite musician 1 Ch 25:18 (= עֻזִּיאֵל v:4), B Αζαρια, A Εζριηλ.

3. a Danite 1 Ch 27:22, Αζαραηλ, Εζριηλ.

4. one with foreign wife Ezr 10:41.

5. priestly name: a. Ne 11:13. b. 12:36.

עַזְרִיאֵל n.pr.m. (my help is Ēl);—Εσ(δ)ριηλ, etc.,

1. Je 36:26.

2. a Manassite 1 Ch 5:24.

3. name in Naphtali 27:19.

עֲזַרְיָ֫הוּ, עֲזַרְיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath helped); Azariah (OHeb. עזריהו, Ph עזרבעל, OAram. הדדעזר, הדעדר Lzb:338. 258 Cook:42);—Αζαριας:

1. king of Judah (As. AzriyâÕ’û COT:2 K 15:1 Jäger:BAS i, 468) עֲזַרְיָהוּ 2 K 15:6, 15:8; עֲזַרְיָה 14:21, 15:1, 15:7, 15:17, 15:23, 15:27, 1 Ch 3:12 (v. עֻזִּיָּה).

2. יָהוּ- officer of Sol. 1 K 4:5.

3. id. prophet 2 Ch 15:1.

4. sons of Jehosh.: a. id,. 2 Ch 21:2. b. יָה- v:2.

5. priests: a. יָהוּ- 1 K 4:2 = יָה- 1 Ch 5:36, 5:37, Ezr 7:3.b. יָה- 1 Ch 5:35, 5:35. c. id., 1 Ch 5:39, 5:40, 9:11, Ezr 7:1. d. id., Ne 10:3. e. יָהוּ- 2 Ch 31:10, 31:13, = יָה- 26:17, 26:20.

6. Levites, יָהוּ-: a. 2 Ch 29:12. b. v:12. יָה-: c. 1 Ch 6:21. d. Ne 8:7.

7. יָהזּ- a temple captain 2 Ch 23:1 a (van d. H. יָה- cf. Ginsb:marg.), v:1 b.

8. יָה- wall-builder Ne 3:23, 3:24.

9. יָה- one with Zerub. 7:7 (שְׂרָיָהEzr 2:2).

10. יָה- 12:33.

11. יָהוּ- Epharimite 2 Ch 28:12.

12. יָה- name in Judah: a. son of Ethan (!) 1 Ch 2:8. b. v:38, v:39.—For עֲזַרְיָהוּ 2 Ch 22:6 rd. אֲחַזְיָה cf. v:7.

עֶזְרִי n.pr.m. 1 Ch 27:26, Εσδρει, Εζραι.

עַזְרִיקָם n.pr.m. Εζρεικαν, Εζρικαμ etc.,

1. descendant of David 1 Ch 3:23.

2. prince in Judah 2 Ch 28:7.

3. Benjamite 1 Ch 8:38, 9:44.

4. Levite 9:14, Ne 11:15.

יַּעְזֵר and (1 Ch 6:66, 26:31) יַעְזֵיר n.pr.loc. Ιαζηρ, E. of Jordan (Qal Impf. in ִ acc. to Ba:NB104);—oft. + Heshbon and other important towns, Nu 21:31 + v:24 (v. עַז) 32:1 (אֶרֶץ יַע׳), v:3; v:35 (all JE), 2 S 24:5, Jos 13:25 (P), 21:39 (Ginsb, v:37 van d. H. Baer; P); with vineyards Is 16:8, 16:9 = Je 48:32, 48:32 (where del. יָם before יַע׳ LXX Hi Gf Gie Rothst). Site dub, cf. Buhl:Geogr. 264.

II. עזר (√ of foll.; connexion with I. ע׳ dub.; cf. Sab. מעדַר ‘Einfassung’ Sab Denkm:97; NH עֲזָרָה temple-court, Targum עֲזַרְתָּא).

עֲזָרָה n.f. appar. enclosure;—abs. ע׳:

1. ledge surrounding Ezekiel's altar; הָע׳ הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה = הַקְטַנָּה הָע׳ Ez 43:14, below הַגְּדוֹלָה הָע׳ v:14; הָע׳ alone v:17, v:20, 45:19 (v. Comm.).

2. outer court of temple, הַגְּדֹלָה הָע׳ 2 Ch 4:9; with doors v:9; 6:13 (v. 1 חָחֵר

3. b, and on ע׳ in Herod's temple Now:Arch. ii. 78 ff.).

עַזָּתִי v. sub עַזָּה. p. 738

עֵט n.m.:Je 8:8 stylus (√ dub,; Kö:ii. 1:83 (after older authorities) cp. Ar. غوط, غَاطَ sink, penerate);—ע׳ only cstr.:

1. of iron, for use on stone or metal Je 17:1 (בְּחִפֹּרֶן שָׁמִיר with diamond-point), Jb 19:24 (v. also חֶרֶט).

2. prob. = reed-pen (used o roll, cf. Je 36:2, 36:23 etc.), שֶׁקֶר סֹפְרִים ע׳ Je 8:8, fig., סוֹפֵר מָהִיר לְשׁוֹנִי ע׳ Ps 45:1 (cf. Now Arch. i. 290 Benz:Arch. 290).

†I. עָטָה vb. wrap oneself, enwrap envelop oneself (Ar. غَطَا cover, conceal; Aram. ܥܛܳܐ extinguish, destroy; As. eṭû, be dark, eṭûtu, darkness);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְע׳ (consec.) Je 43:12; 3 pl. וְעָטוּ (consec.) Mi 3:7; Impf. 3 ms. יַעְטֶה Lv 13:45 + 2 t., וַיַּ֫עַט Is 59:17; 2 ms. תַּעְטֶה Ez 24:17; 3 mpl. יַעֲטוּ (Baer יַעְ׳) Ps 71:13, 109:29; 2 mpl. תַּעְטוּ Ez 24:22 Pt. act. עֹטֶה 1 S 28:14, Ps 104:2; fs. עֹטְיָה Ct 1:7; —

1. wrap, envelop oneself with sthg. (acc., like לכשׁ): וְהוּא עֹטֶה מְעִיל 1 S 28:14 an old man ascending, and he is enwrapped in a robe; so הָרֹעֶה בִּגְדוֹ יַע׳ Je 43:12 (sim), and אֶת־אֶרֶץ וְע׳ מִחְרֵיִם v:12 he will wrap himself in the land of Egypt (use it as a robe, fig., of Nebuchadnezzar; so completely will it be in his power, Gf); so fig. of י׳, וַיַּעַטַ כַּמְעִיל קִנְאָה Is 59:17 ( ‖לָבַשׁ ), ־אוֹר כַּשַּׁלְמָהע׳ Ps 104:2; of men, כְּבֶגֶד יַע׳ 109:19 (sim. ‖לָבַשׁ v:18), כַמְעִיל בָּשְׁתָּם וְיַע׳ v:29 (‖ id.), יַע׳ חָרְפָּה וגי׳ 71:13; c. עַל of part covered, in phrase וְעָטוּ עַל־שָׂפָם Mi 3:7 they shall envelop themselves upon their beard (cover the beard, sign of mourning or shame Che Now Benz:Arch.165 Now:Arch. i. 195), so Ez 24:17, 24:22 (of leper) Lv 13:45 (P); pt. f. עֹטְיָה Ct 1:7 as subst., one wrapping ( a veil about her), i.e. a mourner; > a harlot (cf. Gn 38:14); but rd. perh. טֹעֲיָה wandering woman, v. טעה.—וַיַּעַט etc., v. עיט; מְעֻטָּה etc., v. also עיט. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הֶעֲטִיתָ עָלָיו כּוּשָׁה Ps 89:46 (of י׳) thou hast wrapped shame upon him (enwrapped him in shame); Impf. 3 ms. בְּרָכוֹת יַעְטֶה מוֹרֶה Ps 84:7 early rain enwrappeth(it, עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא v:a) with blessings (LXX δώσει, as if from Ar. عطَ, عَطَا III, IV. give, cf. Ne:Marg.41); read prob. also יַעֲטֵנִי Is 61:10 (for MT יְעָטָָנִי, v. יעט) with a robe of rightness he envelopeth me,, so Brd Di Ry:Kau Du; > Qal Pf. עָטָָנִי Klo Che:Hpt.

742

† [מַעֲטֶה] n.[m.] wrap, mantle;—only cstr. fig. מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה Is 61:3 a mantle of praise.

† II. [עָטָה] vb. grasp (Ar. عطو, عَطَا I, VII. take with hands);—Qal Inf. abs. + Pt. act. sf. וְעֹטְְ עָטֹה Is 22:17 he shall grasp thee forcibly, cf. Ges:Comm. Hi Ew De Che:Comm. Di Gu:Kau; > Thes RobGes Buhl:Lex (13) fr. I. טְה (he shall wrap, roll thee tight together) for this vb. not trans.

עֲטַלֵּף n.[m.] bat (quadrilit., Ges:§ 85 w Sta:§ 243, 8; NH id.; Ph. οθολαβαδ Ges:Mon. Ph. 391; Lewy:Fremdw.17 cp. ἀττέλεβος, name of a locust in N. Africa Herod:iv. 172);—ע׳ abs. Lv 11:19 (H), = Dt 14:18 (unclean creature); pl. עֲטַלֵּפִים Is 2:20.

עטן (√ of foll.; NH עָמַן put olives into vat or press, or in vessel; Ar. عَطَنَ put skin into tan).

† [עֲטִין] n.[m.] prob. pail, bucket (NH מַעֲטָן vessel for olives);—עֲטִינָיו מָֽלְאוּ חָלָב Jb 21:24 his pails are full of milk.

†I. [עָטַף] vb. turn aside (Syr. ܥܛܰܦ turn, return; Ar. عَطَفَ incline, bend);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲטֹף turn aside (so Ew Di De Bae:Kau al.), Jb 23:9 he turneth aside to the right (יָמִין; ‖שְׂמאֹול בַּעֲשׂתוֹ), rd. prob. 1 S. אֶעֱטֹף Me Bu Du, I turn... and do not see him ( and ‖בִּקַּשְׁתִּו שׂ׳).

† II. [עָטַף] v.b. envelop oneself (Aramaism) (NH id.; Aram. עֲטַף, ܥܛܰܦ; Eth. 9t’uf: covered, also n. web, texture);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲטָף־ Ps 73:6; 3 mpl. יַעַטְפוּ 65:14; —envelop oneself: Ps 65:15; the valleys cover themselves with corn (‖לָבַשׁ); ־שִׁית חָמָס לָָמוֹיַ׳ 73:6 they put on for themselves (each) a garb of violence.

† [מַעֲטָפָה] n.f. overtunic (so Ar. مِعْطَفُ, Aram. ܥܛܺܝܦܬܳܐ, ܥܛܳܦܳ);—pl. abs. מַעֲטָפוֹת Is 3:22.

† III. [עָטַף] v.b. be feeble, faint (Ba:ES 27 cp. Ar. عَطِفَ perish, flag);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲטֹף Ps 102:1, יַעֲטוֹף Is 57:16; Inf. cstr. עֲטֹף Ps 61:3; Pt. pass. (Ges:§ 50 f) pl. עֲטֻפִים Gn 30:42, עֲטוּפִים La 2:19; —lit. be feeble Gn 30:42 (J; opp. קְשׁוּרִים); הָעֲטוּפִים בְּרָעָב La 2:19; fig. רוּחַ מִלָּפָנַי יַע׳ Is 57:16 the spirit would faint before me (י׳); בַּעֲטֹף לִבִּי Ps 61:3, 101:2 (title). Niph. Inf. cstr. בֵּעָטֵף עוֹלֵל La 2:11 when infants faint (for בְּהֵע׳; but read perh. בַּעֲטֹף Qal, so Buhl). Hiph. Inf. cstr. בְּהַעֲטִיף הַצּאֹן Gn 30:42 when the flock shewed feebleness. Hithp. Impf. 3 fs. תִּתְעַטֵף Ps 77:4, וַתִּת׳ 143:4, תִּתְעַטָָף 107:5; Inf. cstr. הִתְעַטֵּף 142:4, Jon 2:8, sf. הִתְעַטְּפָס La 2:12; —faint, faint away, La 2:12 (כֶּחָלָל like the wounded); subj. רוּחַ Ps 77:4, 142:4 (+ עָלַי, v. עַל II 1 d), 143:4 (+ id.); subj. נֶפֶשׁ Jon 2:8 (+ id.), Ps 107:5 (+ בָּהֶם).

† [עָטַר] v.b. surround (NH id., and deriv.; Ph. עטרת wreath, עטר Pi. denom. crown Lzb:339; Aram. עֲטַר; As. etêru, spare, rescue);—Qal Impf. 2 ms. sf. כַּצִּנָּה רָחוֹן תַּעְטְרֶנּוּ Ps 5:13 as with a shield, with favour will thou surround him; Pt. pl. עֹטְרִים אֶל־דָּוִד 1 S 23:26 Saul and his men were surrounding (closing in) upon David.

†I. עֲטָרָה n.f. crown, wreath;—abs. ע׳ Ez 21:31, Ct 3:11; cstr. עֲטֶרֶת 2 S 12:30 + 17 t.; pl. עֲטָרוֹת Zc 6:11, Jb 31:36, עֲטָוֹת Zc 6:14; —crown:

1. of idol-image (Milcom, LXX We Klo Dr Kit Löhr HPS) 2 S 12:30 = 1 Ch 20:2; golden, פָּז ע׳ Ps 21:4; ע׳ תִּפְאַרְתְּכֶם of king and queen, Je 13:18 the crown of your splendour; cf. Ez 21:31; wedding-crown Ct 3:11.

2. זָהָב ע׳ Est 8:15 (of Mordecai); of silver and gold Zc 6:11, 6:14; תִּפְאֶרֶת ע׳ crown of splendour, on personif. Jerus. Ez 16:12 (in allegory), Jerus and Samaria 23:42; ע׳ as appos. ( = sim.) Jb 31:36.

3. fig of honour, etc., Jb 19:9 (‖כְּבוֹדִי La 5:16; בַּעְלָהּ אַשֶׁת חַיִל ע׳ Pr 12:4, cf. 14:24; 17:6; תִּפְאֶרֶת ע׳ 16:31 (of שֵׂיבָה); gift of wisdom 4:9; fig. of Jerus. Is 62:3 (‖חְנִיף מְלוּכָה, cf. גֵאוּת ע׳ 28:1; 28:3 fig. of Samaria; fig. of י׳, חְבִי ע׳ v:5 (‖חְפִירַת תִּפְאָרָה).

†II. עֲטָרָה n.pr.f. 1 Ch 2:26, Αταρα..

† [עָטַר] vb. denom. crown;—Pi. Pf. 3 fs. שֶׁעִטְּרָה לוֹ Ct 3:11 with which his mother crowned him (v. I. עֲטָרָה 1); elsewh. fig.: 2ms. טוֹבָתְֶָ עִטַּרְתָּ שְׁנִת Ps 65:12 thou (י׳) hast crowned the year of thy goodness; Impf. 2 ms. sf. וְכַבוֹד וְהָדָר תְּעַטְּרֵהוּ 8:6; Pt. sf. הַמְעַטְּרֵכִי חֶסֶד וְרַחֲמִים 103:4 (of י׳). Hiph. Pt. f. חֹר הַמַּעֲטִירָה Is 23:8 usu. Tyre the crown-bestower (Ges Ew De Che:Comm. Di Du Gu:Kau Skinner), but dub.; < the crown-wearer Hi Gr (after SyrVer), so Ren Che:Hpt. (rdg. הַמְּעֻטָּרָה).

743

עֲטָרוֹת and (Nu 32:34) עֲטָרֹת n. pr. loc. Αταρωθ, etc.:

1. E. of Jordan (MI:10. 11);—a. Nu 32:3 (+ דִּיבוֹן, etc.)—mod. Aṭṭarûs, c. 8 miles NNW. from Dibon—built by Gad Nu 32:34 (+ ד׳, עֲרֹעֵר, and also) b. עַטְרֹת שׁוֹפָן v:35 (Sam. שפים ע׳, v. Di; site unknown).

2. W. of Jordan, conject. as to sites v. in Di Buhl:Geogr. 172: a. on border between Ephr. and Benj. Jos 16:2, = עַטְרוֹת אַדָּר v:5, 18:13. b. on E. border of Ephr. Jos 16:7. c. עַטְרוֹת בֵּית יוֹאָב 1 Ch 2:54 in Judah; a ‘ son ’ of Salma (+ Bethlehem, al.).

עטשׁ (√ of foll.; NH עָטַשׁ sneeze; Aram. ܥܛܦ in deriv. n.; Ar. عَطَسَ id., Ethiopic [9at’asa:], 9t’as:, 9t’4s: sneezing).

† [עֲטִישָׁה] n. f. sneezing; pl. sf. עֲטִישֹׁתָיו Jb 41:10, v. I. הלל (Bi Siegf Bu Du rd sg.).

עַי, עַיָּ֑ת, עַיָּה:40 n. pr. loc. Αγγαι (Gn), Γαι:

1. old Canaanit. city, עַי alw. c. art. הָעַי (הָעָָי Gn 13:3 +), near Bethel to the SE. (exact site unknown, cf. Di:Jos. 7:2 Buhl:Geogr. 177), Gn 12:8 (J), 13:3 (J), Jos 7:2, 7:2, 7:3, 7:4, 7:5, 8:1, 8:1, 8:2, 8:3 + 18 t. Jos 8 (+ Qr v:12, v:16, but improb., Kt עיר, cf. Di), 9:3, 10:1, 10:1, 10:2 (all JE), 12:9 (D), Ezr 2:28 = Ne 7:32; = עַיָּת Is 10:28; עַיָּה (so Baer Ginsb, > עַיָּא van d. H.) Ne 11:31, so rd. also (for עַזָּה q. v. ad fin.) 1 Ch 7:28.

2. E. Jordan city Je 49:3 (+ חֶשְׁבוֹן), but rd. עָר city (?) Gf Rothst:Kau Co (הָעִיר ?).

עִי v. I. עוה. עַיָּא v. עַי. עיב v. עוב. p. 728, 730, above

עֵיבָל v. עוֹבָל sub עבל. עַיָּה v. עַי. p. 716, above

עִיוֹן n. pr. loc. Αιν, in Naphtali;—1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4, 2 K 15:29 (on 2 S 24:6 v. דָּן p. 193 a supr.). Perh. = Tell Dibbin, on the plateau Merj ï‘ ayyûn (Buhl:Geogr. 11, 110), between the Lîṭânî and the Ḥāsbânî (Id:ib. 237 f.)

עיות Kt v. עֲוִית. p. 732

† [עִיט] vb. scream, shriek (Ar. عيط, عَاطَ II. scream, scold,عِيَاط screaming, scolding,Frey Dozy:ii. 195; Syr. ܥܰܝܛܳܐ anger, reviling);—only Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫עַט בָּהֶם 1 S 25:14 and he screamed at them (of Nabal).

עַ֫יִט n. m.:Je 12:19 bird(s) of prey (from scream);—abs. ע׳ Gn 15:11+, עָָיִט Jb 28:7, c. art. (perh.) הַע׳ Je 12:9 b (cf. Gie; הַע׳ interrog. v:a); cstr. עֵיט Is 18:6, Ez 39:4; —usu. coll. Gn 15:11 (JE), Is 18:6, Jb 28:7, עֵיט הָרִים Is 18:6, עֵיט חִפּוֹר כָּל־כָּנָף Ez 39:4; fig. of foes of Judah Je 12:9 b; of single bird v:9 a (fig. of Judah), Is 46:11 (fig. of invader, ‖אִישׁ עֲחָתִי).

† [עִיט] vb. denom. dart greedily (like a bird of prey);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּ֫עַט Qr (Kt:erron. ויעשׂ) 1 S 14:32 and the people darted greedily upon the spoil (אֶל־הַשָּׁלָל, so 2 ms. וַתַּ֫עַט 15:19 (on forms v. Ges:§ 72 ff.).

עֵיטָם n. pr. loc. (perh. animal-name, fr. עַיִט, cf. Gray:Prop. Names 93);—

1. Ηταμ, LXXL Ιταμ, a. cliff, סְעִיף סֶלַע ע׳ Ju 15:8, 15:11 perh. near town עֵיטָם, v. foll., but at ï‘ Arāḳ Ismaï‘īn near edge of Shephelah, WSW. fr. Jerus. acc. to Schick:ZPV x (1887), 143 ff.

2. Αιταν[μ], etc., city fortified by Rehob. 2 Ch 11:6, between Bethlehem and Tekoa, = ï‘ Ainï‘Atān c. 2 miles SSW. from B., Buhl:Geogr. 92 GFM:Ju 15, 8, near Ŭrtâs Rob:BR i. 477; clan in Judah 1 Ch 4:3.

3. Αιταν[μ], in Simeon 1 Ch 4:32 (Be [not Oettli Kau Kit] rds. עֵתֶר fr. Jos 15:42).

עִיִּים n. pr. loc. Γαι, etc. (as if עַי):

1. station of Isr. on E. border of Moab, before דִּיבֹן גָּד Nu 33:45, = עִיֵּי הָעֲבָרִים v:44, 21:11 (all P; LXX ignores הָעֲבָרִים).

2. city in Judah Jos 15:29 (P).

עֵילוֹם v. עוֹלָם sub עלם. p. 761

עֵילַי n. pr. m. one of David's heroes 1 Ch 11:29, Ηλει, Ηλα (= חַלְמוֹן 2 S 23:28).

† I. עֵילָם n. pr. gent. et. terr. Elam, Αιλαμ, ̓Ελαμεῖραι, well-known country and people NE. of Lower Tigris (As. Elamtu Dl:Pa 320 ff. COT:Gn 10, 22);—as early invaders of Palestine Gn 14:1, 14:9, allies of Assyr. Is 22:6; foe of Babylon 21:2; abode of dispersed Israelites 11:11; prophesied against Je 49:34, 49:35, 49:36, 49:36 (Qr, Kt עולם), v:37, v:38, v:39, Ez 32:24, cf. כָּל־מַלְכֵי ע׳ Je 25:25; called ‘ son ’ of Shem Gn 10:22 (P) = 1 Ch 1:17; purely local designation הַמְּדִינָה ע׳ Dn 8:2.

† II. עֵילָם n. pr. m. Ηλαμ, Αιλαμ:

1. heads of families of returned exiles: a. Ezr 2:7 = Ne 7:12. b. Ezr 2:31 = Ne 7:34. c. Ezr 8:7, 10:2 (Qr; Kt עולם), v:26.

2. a chief of people Ne 10:15.

3. name in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:24.

4. Levite name 1 Ch 26:3.

5. a priest Ne 12:42.

744

† [עֲיָם] n.[m.] dub., poss. glow (Ar. غيم, غَامَ to thirst, غَيْمَةُ thirst, internal heat), si vera l. (so Du; on form cf. Nö:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 526);—cstr. בֵּעְיָם רוּחוֹ Is 11:15, rd. perh. בְּעֹחֶם (so appar. Vrss) Thes Luzz Krochm Che Gu:Kau Gr Perles:Anal. 52.

I. עַ֫יִן:859 n. f.:Gn 3:7 and (Zc 3:9, 4:10 Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 75) m. eye (ancient Sem. word; √ and relation to II. ע׳ unknown; NH id.; Ph. ען; Targum עֵינָא, עַיְינָא Palm. עינא Zinj. sf. עיני, עינך Syr. ܥܰܝܢܳܐ; As. ênu, enu, TelAm. sf. inaya and (appar. Can. gloss ḫinaya; Ar. عَيْنُ; Eth. 9ayn:);—abs. ע׳ Ex 21:4 +, cstr. עֵין v:26 +; sf. עֵינִי Gn 44:21 + (2 S 16:12 rd. עָנְיִי Vrss Comm.), עֵינְְ Dt 7:16 +, עֵינֵנוּ Ps 35:21 (2 S 20:6 v. נחל Hiph.); sf. 3 mpl. עֵינָם Is 13:18 (Zc 5:6 rd. עֲוֹנָם LXX We Gr Now), עֵינֵמוֹ Ps 73:7 (but rd. עֲוֹנָמוֹ v. Comm.); usu. du. עֵינַיִם Gn 20:16 +, עֵינָ֑יִם Is 3:16 +, esp. cstr. עֵינֵי Gn 3:7 +, עֵנֵי Is 3:8; sf. עֵינַי Gn 31:10 +, עֵינֶיְ Ju 6:17 +, etc. (Ho 10:10 rd. עֲוֹנֹתָם cf. LXX Vulgate Che We Gr Now);—eye:

1. lit. as physical organ, a. of man Ex 21:6, 21:6, 21:6 (E), Gn 3:6 (J) +, Lv 21:20, 24:20, 24:20, 26:16 (H; very rarely P, e.g. Dt 34:4, 34:7), 2 K 4:34, 4:34 +; once שְׁתֵּי עֵינַי Ju 16:28. b. anthropomorph. of י׳ Ps 33:18, 34:16 +. c. of idols Ps 115:5, 135:16. d. of beasts Gn 30:41 (J), Jb 40:24 (hippop., si vera l., but prob. crpt. Di Siegf Bu Du where see conj.), 41:10 (crocod.); bird Jb 28:7, 39:29, Pr 1:17. † e. in wheels Ez 1:18 cf. 10:12; on stone Zc 3:9 (all in visions). f. subj. of ראה see Gn 45:12, 45:12 (E), + (oft. Dt), c. חזה Ps 11:4; men see בְּע׳ Dt 3:27, 2 K 7:12 +; esp. נָשָׂא ע׳ + ראה Gn 13:10, 10:14 (J) +; cf. לְכָל־מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵן Lv 13:12 = as far as the priest can see, מַרְאֵה ע׳ Dt 28:34 what is seen by the eyes = v:67, Ec 6:9. g. as affected by sleep, v. שֵׁנָה sub [יָשֵׁן]. h. as weeping, מְקוֹר דִּמְעָה ע׳ Je 8:23, נִגְּרָה ע׳ La 3:49, דָּֽלְפָה ע׳ Jb 16:20; v. also Je 31:16, Ps 116:8, and ירד Qal 3 c. i. as growing dim, v. I. כָּהָה, חָשַׁךְ 3; c. כָּבֵד Gn 48:10 (E), קוּם 1 S 4:15, 1 K 14:4, שָׁעַע Is 32:3, 6:10 (Hiph.); c. כָּלָה pine, languish, v. כ׳ Qal 2 b, Pi. 2 b, c. דָּאַב Ps 88:10, עָשַׁשׁ 6:8, 31:10, דָּלַל Is 38:14. † j. c. פָּקַח open, after sleep Jb 27:19, sleep of death 2 K 4:35; = keep awake Pr 20:13 (opp. שֵׁנָה); of new power of vision Gn 3:5, 3:7 (J), given by God 21:19 (E), 2 K 6:17, 6:17; so (c. וַיְגַל) Nu 22:31 (JE); = give sight to blind 2 K 6:20, 6:20, Is 35:5, 42:7, Ps 146:8; of God (י׳) opening his eyes, פָּקַח ע׳ 2 K 19:16 = Is 37:17, Dn 9:18, + עַל־ Je 32:19, Zc 12:4, Jb 14:3; c. פָּתַח + אֶל־ 1 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 6:20, 1 K 8:52, Ne 1:6, + ל v:40, 7:15; + inf. Ne 1:6.—Nu 24:3, 24:15 v. שׁתם k. אוֹר ע׳ etc., = revive, v. אור vb. Qal, Hiph.; noun, 10.1. קָרַץ ע׳ = wink Ps 35:19, Pr 10:10, בְּע׳ ק׳ 6:13. † m. יִרְזְמוּן ע׳ Jb 15:12 i.e. roll (in anger). † n. ל׳ לָטַשׁ ע׳ Jb 16:9 whet eyes against = ‘ look daggers at. ’ o. put out eye, v. עִוֵּר, נקר p. as feature of beauty, יְפֵה ע׳ Dt 16:12; cf. Ct 4:9, 7:5, יוֹנִים ע׳ 1:15, 4:1 and 5:12 (כְּיוֹנִים); on other hand, לֵאָה רַכּוֹת ע׳ Gn 29:17 (E); וַתָּשֶׂם בַּפּוּךְ ע׳2 K 9:30 (v. פּוּךְ), cf. Je 4:30, כָּחַל ע׳ Ez 23:40 paint the eyes †. q. apple of the eye, v. אִישׁוֹן, [בָּבָה], בַּת 6. r. גַּבֹּת ע׳ Lv 14:9 eyebrows. s. חַכְלִילִי ע׳ מִָיּ֑יִן Gn 49:12, חַכְלִילוּת ע׳ Pr 23:29 (v. ח׳); מְאוֹר ע׳ Pr 15:30, v. Toy.

2. a. eyes as shewing mental qualities: arrogance גַבְהוּת ע׳ Is 2:11, גְבֹהִים ע׳ 5:15, גְּבַהּ־ע׳ Ps 101:5, תִּפְאֶרֶת רוּם ע׳ Is 10:12; c. רוּם also Ps 18:28 (so read also ‖ 2 S 22:28 Hup HPS), 131:1, Pr 6:17, 21:4; humility, שַׁח ע׳ Jb 22:29; mockery, תִּלְעַג לְ ע׳ Pr 30:17; cf. בְּ רָעָה ע׳ Dt 15:9 (grudging), 28:54, 28:56 (id.); esp. (עַל) אַל־תָּחֹס ע׳ not have pity on Dt 7:16 + 4 t. Dt, Ez 5:11 + 8 t. Ez, Is 13:18, also Gn 45:20 (E; = not regret); cf. נֹחַם יִסָּתֵר מֵע׳ Ho 13:14. b. מַחְמַד ע׳ Ez 24:16 desire of the eyes, so v:21, v:25; שִׁקּוּחֵי ע׳ 20:7 abominations of the eyes, so v:8.—Ps 73:7 v. חֵלֶב.

3. Fig. of mental and spiritual faculties, acts and states: a. תִּפָּקַחְנָה ע׳ Gn 3:5, 3:7 (J) Is 42:7, גְּלּוּי ע׳ Nu 24:4, 24:16 (JE); also טַח מֵרְאוֹת ע׳ Is 44:18; אֶל־י׳ ע׳ Ps 123:2 (see v:2; v:2 for origin of fig.), +; of י׳, 33:18 (i.e. his favour) 34:16 (id. +. b. הַזִּנוֹת ע׳ Ez 6:9; תִּשְׂבַּע ע׳ Ec 1:8, 4:8; שָֽׁאֲלוּ ע׳ 2:10; לְנֹכַח יַבִּיטוּ ע׳ Pr 4:25; טוֹב־ע׳ 22:9 = bountiful, רַע עָָיִן 23:6 = niggardly one, so 28:22; eye as avenue of temptation Jb 31:1, 31:7; שִׁית ע׳ Ps 17:11 = design. c. esp. בְּעֵינֵי, c. adj. and intrans. verbs, in the view, opinion, of Gn 16:4, 16:5 (J), 21:11, 21:12 (E), 34:18 (P), + oft.; c. act. vb. 2 S 10:3 = 1 Ch 19:3, Est 1:17, 3:6; הַטּוֹב בְּע׳ Gn 16:6, 19:14 (J), +, i.e. what one pleases, Nu 36:6 (P) whom they please; הַיָּשָׁר בְּע׳ Dt 12:8, 12:25 +, הַטּוֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר בְּע׳ v:28, Jos 9:25 (D), הָרַע בְּע׳ Ju 2:11, 3:7, Dt 4:25 + esp. D and K (R:D); so לְנֶגֶד עיניו 2 S 22:25 = Ps 18:25; אַחֲרֵי עֵינֵיכֶם Nu 15:39 = acc. to your wish, fancy (+ לְבַבְכֶם). d. נֶעְלָם מֵע׳ Lv 4:13 i.e. hid from knowledge of, so Nu 5:13 (both P), Jb 28:21; מֵע׳ Nu 15:24 (P) without the knowledge of; מִן אַעְלִים ע׳ Is 1:15 = disregard, pay no attention; cf. Lv 20:4 (H) Ez 22:26; without מִן, abs., Pr 28:27; נִסְתְּרוּ מֵע׳ Is 65:16, וַיַּסְתֵּר עָמָל מֵע׳ Jb 3:10; בּוֹ אַעְלִים ע׳ (i.e. בַּכֹּפֶר) 1 S 12:3 (נעלים sandals + ענו בי LXX Th We Kit, cf. Ecclus:xlvi. 19; Bu HPS ins. ענו בי); הַשֹּׁחַד יְעַוֵּר ע׳ Dt 16:19, cf. כְּסוּת ע׳ Gn 20:16 (E).

4. Transferred mngs.: a. visible surface of earth Ex 10:5, 10:15 (J) Nu 22:5, 22:11 (JE). b. appearance Lv 13:5 (P; rdg. בְּעֵינוֹ Di Kau Dr- Wh), v:37 (P; rdg. id.), v:55 (P) Nu 11:7, 11:7 (JE); so appar. dual 1 S 16:7. c. gleam, sparkle (of metal, jewels, etc.) Ez 1:4, 1:7, 1:16, 1:22, 1:27, 8:2, 10:9, Dn 10:6; of wine Pr 23:31.

5. Other phrases are: תַּחַת ע׳ ע׳ Ex 21:24 (E) = Lv 24:20 (H), = בְּע׳ ע׳ Dt 19:21, all = an eye for an eye; בְּע׳ ע׳ = eye to eye, Nu 14:14 (P) Is 52:8 (fig.), cf. תִּרְאֶינָה אֶת־ע׳ וְע׳ Je 32:4, 34:3; esp. לְעֵינֵי in the presence of, in full view of Gn 42:24 (E) 47:19 (J) Ex 4:30 (J) Nu 19:5 (P), + oft; of business transaction Je 32:12, 32:12, Gn 23:11, 23:18 (P); so נֶגֶד ע׳ Jo 1:16, לְנֶגֶד ע׳ Jb 4:16, and even בְּע׳ 1 S 21:14 Ezr 3:12; נִגְרַזְתּי מִנֶּגֶד ע׳ Ps 31:23; בֵּין ע׳ = on the forehead Ex 13:9, 13:16 (JE) Dt 6:8, 11:18, 14:1, Dn 8:5, 8:21.

745

† [עִין] vb. denom. eye (enviously), look (askance) at;—Qal Pt. (or Pôï‘ēl מ om., v. Dr), c. acc. עוֹיֵן 1 S 18:9 Qr (Kt עון).

†II. עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water) (connexion with 1. ע׳ dub.; NH id., Ph. ען; As. ênu, înu; Ar. عَيْنُ; Eth. 9ayn:; Palm. עינא, Targum עֵינָא, עַיְינָא; Syr. ܥܰܝܢܳܐ);—abs. ע׳ 1 S 29:1 +, עָָיִן Gn 49:22 +, הָעַ֫יְנָה 24:16, 24:45; cstr. עֵין v:13 +; pl. עֲיָנֹת Dt 8:7, וֹת- 2 Ch 32:3; cstr. עֵינוֹת Ex 15:27 = Nu 33:9, עִינוֹת Pr 8:28 (Ges:§ 93 v);—spring Gn 16:7, 24:16, 24:29, 24:30, 24:42, 24:45 (all J) 49:22 (poem in J), 1 S 29:1; עֵין חַמַּיִם Gn 16:7, 24:13, 24:43 (J), cf. Ex 15:27 (J) Nu 33:9 (P); נַחֲלֵי מַיִס ע׳ וּתְחֹמֹת Dt 8:7; מֵימֵי הָעֲיָנוֹת 2 Ch 32:3; תְּהוֹם ְ׳ Pr 8:28 (i.e. of the sea); fig. עֵין יַעֲקֹב Dt 33:28 (poem), i.e. Jacob's descendants. Particular springs are: a. חֲרֹד ע׳ Ju 7:1 (on loc. cf. GFM). b. הַקּוֹרֵא ע׳ (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19 (cf. id.). c. רֹגֵּל ע׳ near Jerus. (early sanctuary RS:Sem i. 157, 2nd ed. 172) 2 S 17:17 cf. 1 K 1:2, on border of Judah Jos 15:7, and Benj. 18:16. d. הַתַּנִּין ע׳ (dragon-spring) Ne 2:13 (= c ? so RS:l.c.).—On שַׁעַר הָעַיִן Ne 2:14, 3:15, 12:37 v. שַׁעַר p. 1044

†III. עַ֫יִן n.pr.loc. 1. לָעָָיִן, on NE. border of Can. Nu 34:11, LXX ἐπὶ πηγάς 2. a. in Negeb of Judah Jos 15:32 (+ וְרִמּוֹן), Levit. city 21:16 (but LXXB Ασα rd. עָשָׁן, as 1 Ch 6:44), appar.= b. Joshua 19:7 (+ ר׳; assigned to Simeon), ר׳ וָע׳ 1 Ch 4:32 (rd. prob. וְעֵין ר׳); prob. mod. Umm er-Ramā-mīn, c. 18 miles SW. from Hebrom, Buhl:Geogr.183.—Vid. עֵין רִמּוֹן below

עֵין גֶּ֫דִי n.pr.loc. Ενγαδδει, etc.;—עֵין גֶּ֑דִי מְחָדֹת 1 S 23:29, מִדְבַּר ע׳ 24:1, כַּרְמֵי ע׳ Ct 1:14; ע׳= חַחְחוֹן תָּמָר (q.v.) acc. to 2 Ch 20:2; עֵין גֶּד»ִי» Ez 47:10; mod. ï‘Ain ǧidî, on W. shore of Dead Sea, GASm:Geogr.269 f., 512 Buhl:Geogr. 41.164 f.

עֵין גַּנִּים n.pr.loc. 1. in the Shephelah of Judah Jos 15:34, perh. Umm-ǧîna, c. 1 mile S. of W. from Bethshemesh Cl-Gann Buhl:Geogr.194 f. 2. in Issachar 19:21 (A. Ηνγαννιμ), Levit. city 21:29 (πηγὴν γραμμάτων); hence by txt. err. עָנֵם 1 Ch 6:58; Ǧennin, near SE. end of plain of Jezreel, c. 15 m. NNE. fr. Samaria, Buhl:Geogr.202

עֵין־דֹּר n.pr.loc. in Manasseh Jos 17:11 (JE; om. LXX), = דּוֹר ע׳ 1 S 28:7 (Αελδωρ, LXXL Αενδωρ), ־דּאֹרע׳ Ps 83:11 (Gr חֲרוֹד ע׳), Αενδωρ; Endûr, c. 14 miles NNE. from foregoing.

עֵין חַדָּה n.pr.loc. in Issachar Jos 19:21, Αιμαρεκ, A Ηναδδα, LXXL Αναδδα.

עֵין חָחוֹר n.pr.loc. in Naphtali Jos 19:37, πηλν̀ Ασορ.

עֵין מִשְׁפָּטּ n.pr.loc. Gn 14:7 = (כַּרְנֵעַ)קָדֵשׁ q.v. (LXX τὴν πηγὴν τὴν κρίσεως; on signif. of name cf. RS:Sem i. 165, 2nd ed. 181).

עֵין עֶגְלַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. on Dead Sea Ez 47:10, Εναγαλειμ.

עֵין רִמּוֹן n.pr.loc. in post-exil. Judah Ne 11:29 (A (εν)Πεμμιον), prob.= III. עַיִן 2 q.v. and רִמּוֹן Zc 14:10. p.942

עֵין שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ n.pr.loc. on border betw. Judah Jos 15:7 (πηγῆς ἡλίου) and Benj. 18:17 (πηγὴν βαιθσαυμυς, LXXL [πη]γὴν σαμες); conj. in Buhl:Geogr. 98.

עֵין תַּפּוּחַ n.pr.loc. v. III. תַּפּוּחַ sub נפח. p. 656

עֵינַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. (on form v. Ges:§ 88 c);—Gn 38:14, 38:21 (J), Αιναν=following.

עֵינָם n.pr.loc. in the Shephelah of Judah, חָע׳ Jos 15:84 (Μαιανει, A LXXL Ηναειμ) = עֵנַיִם .above

עֵינָן n.pr.m. Αιναν, name in Naphtali Nu 1:15, 2:29, 7:78, 7:83, 10:27.—Vid. also חֲחַר עֵינוֹן p. 347

עֵינוֹן v. חֲחַר עֵינוֹן p. 347

עָנִים n.pr.loc. in hill-country of Judah Jos 15:50, Αισαμ, Ανειμ[β], perh. Ghuwain, c. 17 miles W. of S. from Hebron, Buhl:Geogr. 163. f.

מַעְיָן n.m.:Pr 8:24 spring;—abs. מ׳ Ps 74:15 +; cstr. מַעְיַן 2 K 3:25 +, מַעְיְנוֹ Ps 114:8 (Ges:§ 90 n); sf. מַעְיָנוֹ Ho 13:15; pl. מַעְיָנוֹת Is 41:18 +, מַעְיָנִים Ps 104:10; cstr. מַעְיְנוֹת Gn 7:11 +, מַעְיְנֵי 1 K 18:5, 2 K 3:19, מַעַיְנֵי Is 12:3; sf. מַעְיָנִי Ps 87:7 (but v. infr.), מַעְיְנֹתֶיְ Pr 5:16; —spring, cstr. before מַיִם 1 K 18:5, 2 K 3:19, 3:25, Jos 15:9, 18:15 (both P), Ps 114:8, cf. Pr 8:24; מַע׳ alone Is 41:18, Lv 11:36 (P), Ps 74:15, 104:10, 2 Ch 32:4, cf. Jo 4:18 (in eschatol. picture); in sim. Pr 25:26; תְּהוֹם מ׳ Gn 7:11, 8:2 (cf. Pr 8:28); fig. of source of happiness, enjoyment Ho 13:15 (‖מְקוֹרוֹ Ps 84:7, Pr 5:16 (of wife, v. Toy), cf. חָתוּם מ׳ Ct 4:12, גַּנִּים מ׳; v:15; also Ps 87:7 (si vera l.; so De Che Du; Hup Bae We rd. form of מָעוֹן dwelling; הַיְשׁוּעָה מ׳ Is 12:3.

746

I. [עִיף] = II. עוּף q.v. for עֵיפָה, עֵיפַי etc. p.734

† II. [עִיף] vb. be faint (cf. Syr. ܥܳܦ 3, PS:2835; ‖ form of יעף q.v.; occurrences dub.);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽיְפָה נַפְשִׁי לְ Je 4:31 (? rd. עֲיֵפָה); Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫עַף Ju 4:21 (< וְיָעֵף GFM Bu), 1 S 14:28 (del. We Bu Kit Löhr, emend. HPS), v:31 (rd. וַיִּעַף [√ יעף] Buhl HPS), 2 S 21:15 (corrupt, HPS; for Philist. Name We Dr Bu Kit).

עָיֵף adj. faint, weary;—ע׳ abs. Gn 25:29 +; f. עֲיֵפָה Je 31:25 +; pl. עֲיֵפִים Ju 8:4 +;—fr. exertion and hunger Gn 25:20, 25:30 (J), Ju 8:4, 8:5, Dt 25:18 (+ יָגֵעַ), cf. Is 5:27, הָנִיחוּ לֶע׳ 28:12 (fig.), 2 S 16:14 (si vera l., n.pr.loc. needed, cf. We Dr HPS); + רָעֵב, חָמֵא 17:29; specif. from thirst Is 29:8 (sim.), Jb 22:7, נֶפֶשׁ ע׳ Pr 25:25 and (fig.) Je 31:25 (‖דָּֽאֲבָה); hence אֶרֶץ חִיָּה וְעָיֵף Ps 63:2 (fig., on masc. v. Kö:Synt. § 334 f.), cf. 143:6 (sim.), Is 32:2 (opp. חֵל, in sim.); ע׳ sc. beast 46:1—Vid. also foregoing.

I. עִיר v. sub I. עור. p. 735

II. עִיר:1092 n.f.:Gn 10:12 (Albrecht:ZAW xvi.40 f .) city, town (√ unkn.; NH id.;? Ph. ער Lzb:345; Sab. ער fortified height (cf. 3) Prä:ZMG xxvi (1872), 437, ערן, עהרן city CIS:iv. pp. 94, 95, 173);—ע׳ abs. Gn 4:17 +, cstr. 24:10 +; הָעִ֫ירָה 1 K 14:12 + 7t.; sf. עִירִי 2 S 19:38 + 2 t., etc.; pl. עָרִים Is 6:11 +, עֲיָרִים Ju 10:4 (txt. err., or word-play, cf. GFM); cstr. עָרֵי Gn 10:29 +; sf. עָרַי Zc 1:17, עָרֵיכֶם Is 1:7 +, etc.;—

1. city, town, abode of men Gn 4:17 (J) and oft.; גְּדֹלָה 10:12 (J), +, or קְטַנָּה Ec 9:14 (cf. Gn 19:20); esp. a. fortified: עָרִים בְּחֻרוֹת 2 S 20:6 +, etc., v. בָּחַר, מִבְחָר; עִיר מִבְחַר־חֹר Jos 19:29 (P) fortified city (of) Tyre, מָחוֹר ע׳ Ps 31:22 +, etc., v. מָחוֹר, מְחוּרָה sub חוּר (Mi 7:12 v. מָחוֹר p. 596 a); עָז־לָנוּ ע׳ Is 26:1, עָרֵי מָעוּזּוֹ 17:9; דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִיחַ ְ׳ 1 S 23:7; חוֹמָה ע׳ Lv 25:29, cf. v:30 (P), 1 K 4:13; on Ho 10:14 v. 1. עַם 2 b (1 S 9:14 rd. הַשֵּׁעַר LXX We Dr al.). b. opp. כֹּפֶר הַפְּרָזִי 1 S 6:18, עָרֵי הַפּ׳ Dt 3:5, הַפְּרָזוֹת ע׳ Est 9:19; disting. fr. dependencies חֲחֵרִים Jos 13:23 + oft. P. c. עָרֶיה are dependent towns Jos 13:17 (P), Je 19:15. † d. עָרֵי הַמַּמְלָכָה Jos 10:2 (JE) royal cities (i.e. with a king, cf. Tel Am. al sûarri), so sg. 1 S 27:5, opp. הַשָּׁדֶה עָרֵי v:5 rural towns; הַמְּלוּכָה ע׳ 2 S 12:26 (but rd. הַמַּיִם ע׳ We Bu Kit Löhr HPS, v. 2 infr.). †e. עֶרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת Ex 1:11 storage-cities, so 1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6, 2 Ch 8:4, 17:12; for נַפְתָּלִי ע׳ מ׳ 16:4 rd. prob. כִּנְרוֹת עֵל־וגו׳ (as 1 K 15:20; Be Kit Buhl); cf. הֶרֶכֶב ע׳ 1 K 9:19, 10:26 = 2 Ch 8:6, 9:25, 2 Ch 1:14; הַפָּרָשִׁים ע׳ 1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6. † f. מִקְלָט(הַ) ע׳ (P) asylum-cities Nu 35:11, 35:13, 35:14, Jos 20:2, cf. Nu 35:25, 35:26, 35:27, 35:28, 35:32, לְמִקְלָט ע׳ v:12; מִקְלַט הָרֹחֵחַ ע׳ Jos 21:13 + 4t. 21. g. אֱלֽהִים(הָ) ע׳ = Jerus.: Ps 46:5, 87:3, cf. 48:2, 48:9; י׳ ע׳ Is 60:14, Ps 101:8; חְבָאוֹת י׳ ע׳ 48:9. h. city = inhabitants 1 S 4:13, 5:12, Is 22:2, Ru 1:19, so 2 S 20:22 (rdg. הָעִיר for MT הָעָם) LXX We Dr al. (cf. also foll.). i. combinations are: רֹכְלִים ע׳ Ez 17:4 city of merchants; מוֹשָׁב ע׳ Ps 107:4, 107:7, 107:36 city for dwelling; esp. of character or condition: †הַצֶּדֶק ע׳ Is 1:26, †ע׳ הָאֱמֶת Zc 8:3; † הַקּדֶשׁ ע׳ Is 48:2, 52:1, Ne 11:1, 11:18, cf. Dn 9:24, all of Jerus.; עָרֵי קָדְשְֶָׁ Je 5:17 of Judaean cities; of foreign cities, תְּהִלָּךְ ע׳ Je 49:25, הָע׳ הַהֻלָּלהEz 26:17, הָעַלִּיזָה הָע׳ Zp 2:15; of Jerus. also הַיּוֹנָה הָע׳ Zp 3:1 oppressive city, דָּמִים(הַ) ע׳ bloody city Ez 22:2, 24:6, 24:9 and (of Nineveh) Na 3:1.

2. of fortress in a city esp. עִיר דָּוִד 2 S 5:7, 5:9, 6:10 + oft. (v. דָּוִד); כֵית הַבָָּעַל ע׳ 2 K 10:25 (crpt; Klo prop. דְּבִיר for ע׳, cf. Kmp Benz Kit); הַמַּיִם ע׳ 2 S 12:27 (so rd. also v:26, see 1 d).

3. appar. fortified place, of any size, עִיר מִבְחָר בְּכָל־עָרֵיהֶם מִמִּגְּדַּל נוֹחְרִים עַד־ 2 K 17:9 =18:8; cf. Nu 13:9 (P; but on comp. of ver. see Di); perh. also עֲמָלֵק ע׳ 1 S 15:5 (HPS).—Ho 7:4 v. I. עור Hiph. p.249

עִיר הַהֶרֶס v. הֶרֶס.

עִיר־הַמֶּ֫לַח n.pr.loc. (city of salt) in desert of Judah, Jos 15:62 (P; + Ên-gedi), πόλεις Σαδων (A LXXL [τῶν] ἁλῶν); site unknown.

עִיר נָחָשׁ as n.pr.m. v. II. נָחָשׁ. 3, p. 638

עִיר שָָׁמֶשׁ n.pr.loc. (city of the sun(-god)), assigned to Dan Jos 19:41 (P), = בֵּית שׁ׳ q.v.; πόλεις Σαμμαυς, A LXXL πόλις Σαμες.

עִיר הַתְּמָרִים (city of palms) = יְרִיחוֹ q.v.

† III. עִיר n.pr.m. in בְּנֵי ע׳ 1 Ch 7:12, txt. dub., v. Be Kau.

עיר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. عير, عَارَ go away, go hither and thither, escape through sprightiliness, whence 9ayorun ass, esp. wild ass De:Jb (2), 149 Hom:NS 121–123).

747

עַ֫יִר n.m.:Gn 32:16 male ass (young and vigorous);—pl. וַעְיָרִם Gn 32:16 (E); sf. עִירֹה 49:11 (poem; ‖בְּנִי אֲתֹנוֹ); cstr. עַיִר פֶּרֶא (Ges:§ 131 c N. 2; or appos. Kö:Synt. § 333 s Di al.) Jb 11:12 wild ass's colt; pl. עֲיָרִים, for riding Ju 10:4 a (v:4b see II. עִיר), עֲיָרִם), 12:14, sg. abs. עַיִר Zc 9:9; עֲיָרִים for carrying Is 30:6 Qr (Kt עורים), עֲיָרִם for tillage v:24.

עִירָא n.pr.m. (v. Sab. n.pr.m. עיר Hal:159);—

1. כֹּהֵן (q.v. 1) of David 2 S 20:26; on poss. ident. with 2 b v. Th Klo HPS, opp. We Dr; Ειρας, LXXL Ιωδαε.

2. heroes of David (Ειρας, etc., LXXL Ιδεα, Οιαδ, etc.): a. 2 S 23:26 = 1 Ch 11:28, 1 Ch 27:9. b. 2 S 23:38 = 1 Ch 11:40.

עִירָד n.pr.m. a Cainite Gn 4:18, 4:18 Γαιδαδ.

עִירוּ n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:15, Ηρ(α).

עִירִי n.pr.m. Benjamite 1 Ch 7:7, Ουρ(ε)ι.

עִירָם n.pr.m. in Edom Gn 36:43 = 1 Ch 1:54, Ζαφω(ε)ιν (A Gn Ηραμ).

עֵירֹם v. II. עור p. 735

עַ֫יִשׁ n.f. a constellation, perh. Great Bear (cf. esp. Di) (point perh, עִיֻּשׁ (v. Bu and reff.), cf. Syr. ܥܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ PS:2866, ܥܝܽܘܬܳܐ Brock., name of a star);—עַל־בָּנֶיהָ וְע׳ Jb 38:22 = עָשׁ 9:9 (both + כִּימָה, כְּסִיל etc.). p.799

עַיָּת n.pr.loc. v. עַ׳ p. 743

עַכְבּוֹר, עַכְבֹּר n.pr.m. (mouse, cf. עַכְבָּר, v. Gray:Prop. N. 93; עבבר OH and Ph. as n.pr.Lzb:304 (cf. also on simil. Lat. N.pr. Cl-Gann:JAs 1883, Fev.-Mar. 128));—LXX Αχοβωρ:

1. Edomite Gn 36:38, 36:39 (P) = עַכְבֹּר 1 Ch 1:49 (Baer Ginsb).

2. courtier of Josiah 2 K 22:12, 22:14, perh. also Je 26:22, 36:12 (cf. Gie and Ency. Bib.).

עַכְבָּר n.m.:1 S 6:4 mouse (NH id.; Aram. עַכְבְּרָא; Syr. (in Lexx) ܥܽܘܩܒܪܳܐ, ܐܰܓܒܪܳܐ (PS:22); Ar. عَكَابِرُ pl. mares murum Frey (Kam), cf. also Hom:As 338; Ar. of jerboa RS:K 302; v. Tristr:NHB 122 FFP:10 ff.);—abs. הָע׳ unclean Lv 11:29 (H), Is 66:17 (cf. RS:Sem i. 275, 2nd ed. 293); pl. cstr. עַכְבְּרֵי זָהָב(ה) 1 S 6:4, 6:11, 6:18; sf. חַלְמֵי עַכְבְּרֵיכֶם v:5.

עַכָּבִישׁ n.m. spider (Targum עַכּוּבִיתָא, עַכָּבִיתָא; whence Ar. عَنْكَبُوتُ as loan-wd.; NH עַכְשׁוּב prob. tarantula, acc. to Levy:NHWB iii.648);—בֵּית ע׳ Jb 8:14 i.e. web, so prob. 27:18 (rdg. ע׳ for MT עָשׁ); cf. קוּרֵי ע׳ Is 59:5 filaments of a spider.

עַכּוֹ n.pr.loc. Ακχω, Acco, in Asher, Ju 1:31, + Jos 19:30 (P), rdg. ע׳ for MT עֻמָּה, Di Kau Benn Ency. Bib., after LXX Codd.; a seaport N. of Carmel (= Acre, Ptolemais), mod. ï‘Akka, cf. Buhl:Geogr. 228 (Egypt. ï‘A-ka, ̓Ακη WMM:As. u. Eur. 181; As. Akkû, COT:Gloss, TelAm. Ak-ka).

עכן (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

עָכָן n.pr.m. man of Judah;—Jos 7:1 (P), v:18, v:19, v:20, v:24 (JE), 22:20 (P); = עָכָר 1 Ch 2:7 (fr. עָכוֹר Jos 7:26, v. also עָכָר); Αχαρ, Αχαν.

יַעְכָּן n.pr.m. Gadite 1 Ch 5:12, Χιμα, THE FOLLOWING &AMA; IS PART OF THE GREEK WORD - NO ENTITY IN GREEKΙαχā.

עכס (√ of foll.; Ar. عَكَس is reverse, tie backward, whence عِكَاسُس hopple, of camel).

† [עֶ֫כֶס] n.[m.] anklet, bangle;—pl. abs. הָעֲכֶסִים Is 3:18 bangles, anklets (as ornaments); for sg. abs. ע׳ Pr 7:22 read עֵגֶל Toy.

† [עָכַס] vb. denom. Pi. shake bangles, rattle, tinkle;—Impf. 3 fpl. תְּעַכַּסְנָה וּבְרַגְלֵיהֶם Is 3:16 and with their feet they rattle their bangles.

עַכְסָה n.pr.f. daughter of Caleb Jos 15:16, 15:17 (JE) = Ju 1:12, 1:13, 1 Ch 2:49, Ασχα, Αχσα, Αζα, Οξα.

עָכַר vb. stir up, disturb, trouble (NH id., make turbid; Ar. عَكِرَ be turbid);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ 1 S 14:29; 2 ms. sf. עֲכַרְתָּ֔נִי Jos 7:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַעְכָּרְְ v:25; Pt. עֹכֵר 1 K 18:17 + 3 t., עוֹכֵר 1 Ch 2:7; pl. sf. עֹכְרָָי Ju 11:35; —disturb, trouble, c. acc. pers. Gn 34:30 (J), Jos 6:18, 7:25, 7:25 (all JE; v:25 b subj. י׳), Ju 11:35; cf. Pr 11:17 (opp. גֹּמֵל), v:29, 15:27 (opp. חָיָה; יִשְׂרָאֵל ע׳ 1 K 18:17, 18:18, 1 Ch 2:7 (cf. Jos 7:18 etc., supr.); אֶת־הָאָרֶץ ע׳ 1 S 14:29. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. וּכְאֵבִי נֶעְכָָּר Ps 39:3 my pain was stirred up; Pt. f. נֶעְכָָּרֶת Pr 15:6 usu. as n. abstr. disturbance, calamity, but < read וּתְבוּאַת רָשָׁע [ה]נִכְרָָת the income of the wicked is cut off (Toy).

עָכוֹר n.[m.] disturbance, trouble, only in עֵמֶק ע׳ valley of trouble, W. or SW. from Jericho Jos 7:24, 7:26 (JE; name explained), on border of Judah 15:7 (P), cf. Ho 2:17, Is 65:10; on identif. cf. esp. Di:Jos 7:24 Buhl:Geogr. 98; Εμεκαχωρ, φάραγξ (or κοίλας) Αχωρ.

עָכָר n.pr.m. v. עָכָן above

עָכְרָן n.pr.m. name in Asher Nu 1:13, 2:27, 7:72, 7:77, 10:26; Εχραν.

עַכְשׁוּב n.m. usu. asp, viper (so LXX Vulgate; perh. conject. fr. sense and ‖נָחָשׁ), but perh. = (? crpt. for) עַכָּבִישׁ spider (q.v.; cf. Targum:ad loc.);—חֲמַת ע׳ Ps 140:4 a viper's (? spider's) venom is under their lips (v. esp. Che and reff.).

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עַל v. עלה עֹל v. III. עלל. p. 752, 760

עֻלָּא n.pr.m. in Asher 1 Ch 7:39, Ωλα.

עַלְבּוֹן only in אֲבִי־עַלְבּוֹן q.v.p. 3 b supr.

עלג (√ of foll., cf. לעג, and v. esp. Lag:M iii. 29 ff. Nö:ZMG xii (1887), 718 f., who cites Mand. אלנא).

† [עִלֵּג] adj. speaking inarticulately;—pl. לְשׁוֹן עִלְּנִים Is 32:4 (LXX ψελλίζουσαι; Lag:l.c.).

עָלָה:890 vb. go up, ascend, climb (NH id.; MI:33(?); Ph. עלה; As. elû; Ar. عَلَا; Targum and Syr. in der. species; cf. perh. Eth. la9ala: (for l9a9ala: 9al9ala:Di:54); Sab. עלי = عَلَّي DHM:ZMG xxxvii. 415, cf. עלוהו = عُلْوَهُ Sab Denkm:91);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 19:15 +; 3 fs. עָֽלְתָה 40:10 +; עָלָָתָה Je 14:2, 1 S 1:22; 2 ms. עָלִיתָ Gn 49:4 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲלֶה 2:6 +, יַ֫עַל 44:33 +, וַיַּעַל 13:1 +; sf. יַעֲלֶנָּה Is 35:9, etc.; Inf. abs. עָלֽה Gn 46:4 + 2 t.; cstr. עֲלוֹת 32:25 +, etc.; Imv. עֲלֵה 35:1 +; fs. עֲלִי Nu 21:17 +, pl. עֲלוּ Gn 44:17 +; Pt. עֹלֶה 38:13 +; עוֹלֶה Is 24:18 +, pl. עֹלִים Gn 28:12 +, etc.;—

1. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations: a. from low place to high, c. מִן, מִמִּחְרַיִם Gn 45:25 (E) + 6 t.; מארץ מחרים Ex 13:18 (E) + 3 t.; † מִבָּבֶל Ezr 7:6, 8:1; מִן הירדן Jos 4:16, 4:17, 4:19 (P); מדבר(ן־ה)מ Ct 3:6, 8:5 etc. b. out of a place, c. מִן, מִן הארץ 1 S 28:13; מֵהַבְּאֵר 2 S 17:21; הַפַּחַת (תּוֹח)מִ Is 24:18, Je 48:44. c.c. acc. of place whither: a city ביתאל Gn 35:1, 35:3 (E); באר שׁבע 26:23 (J); a mountain ההר Nu 13:17 (JE) Dt 1:24 +, etc.; a bed Gn 49:4, 49:4 (J) 2 K 1:4, 1:16, gate Ru 4:1; שָּׁמַיִם(הַ) Dt 30:12, 2 K 2:11, Am 9:2 + 4 t.; c. אֶל־, הר(ה)אל Ex 19:23, 34:2, 34:4 (J) 24:15, 24:18 (P) + 5 t. P; אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם Dt 17:8, אל ירושׁלם Ezr 7:7, Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2 (אל הר), c. acc. loc. + אֶל־י׳ (v. 2 b) Je 31:6, of going up to Jerusalem (from a distance), etc.; c. לְ to, לירושׁלם Ezr 1:3 (from Babylon); לבית 1 S 25:35, etc.; c. עַד unto, עד־נחל Nu 32:9 (J); †c. בְּ, בְּאַחַת עָרֵי 2 S 2:1 (constr. praegn.); בְּבעל פרחים 1 Ch 14:11 (del. בְּ); בְּגִרָלִי Ju 1:3. d. to sacred places, Ex 34:24, c. acc. † בית יהוה, from palace 2 K 19:14, 20:5, 20:8, 23:2, 2 Ch 29:20, 34:30, Is 37:14, 38:22, Je 26:10; במה 1 S 9:13, 9:14, 9:19; c. אֶל, אל הר האלהים Ex 24:13 (E); בּבית י׳ 1 S 1:7 (בּ dittogr.); בהר יהוה Ps 24:3. e. c. acc. דֶּרֶח by the way toNu 21:33 (E) Dt 3:1, Ju 8:11, 1 S 6:9, 2 K 3:8; מעלה Je 48:5; חוֹמָה Jo 2:7. f. ascend, climb, c. בְּ by, a ladder Gn 28:12 (E), Ez 40:6, 40:22, 40:29, etc.; c. עַל upon, altar by (ב) steps, of priest, Ex 20:23 (Gi; van d. H. v:26; E) the roof Jos 2:8, Ju 9:51, bed Ps 132:3; עַל־יָדָיו on his hands 1 S 14:13; על במתי עב Is 14:14 (‖ממעל לכוכבי אֵל), etc.

2. go up, in personal relations: a. to meet or visit, c. אֶל pers., Gn 44:17, 44:24, 44:34, 45:9 (J) Jos 10:4, 10:6 (all with implication of ascent), Dt 25:7 (to gate of city), +; c. † על pers., Gn 38:12 (= ה loc., up to Timnah); לקראת 46:29 (J) Ju 6:35, 2 K 1:3, 1:6, 1:7. † b. go up unto (אֶל) God, on a height, אל האלהים Ex 19:3 (E) 1 S 10:3; אל יהוה Ex 24:1 (E) 19:24, 32:30 (J) Ju 21:5, 21:5, 21:8 (to war); אֵלַי Ex 24:12 (E) Dt 10:1; unto Deborah Ju 4:5. c. go up, in war, c. אֶל against Nu 13:31 (E) Ju 1:1, 12:3, 1 S 7:7, Is 36:10 (= על 2 K 18:25) +; oftener c. על, 1 S 14:10, Ju 6:3, 15:10, 18:9, 1 K 14:25 +; c. על + לַצָּבָא Jos 22:12, 22:33 (P); c. בְּ, Is 7:6, Je 48:18; c. לְ Hb 3:16; + למלחמה Ju 20:18 + 3 t.; + במלחמה 1 S 29:9; המלחמה (ה)וַתּעל 1 K 22:35 = 2 Ch 18:34. d. go up after, c. אחרי = follow 1 S 25:13, 1 K 1:35, 1:40. e. go up, depart, c. מֵעַל (q.v.) 1 S 6:20, Gn 17:22, 35:18 (P) +, subj. כבוד י׳ Ez 11:23, 11:24; = withdraw, retreat, 1 K 15:19, 2 K 12:19, Je 21:2, abs. 2 S 23:9, and so read ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 (v. Dr:Sm). †

3. of animals, go or come up: abs. frogs Ex 7:28 (J) 8:2 (P), quails Ex 16:13 (P); lion Is 35:9; fox Ne 3:25; rise up, fly up, eagle Is 40:31, Je 49:22; c. מִן, cattle out of water Gn 41:2, 41:3, 41:18, 41:19, Ct 4:2, 6:6, lion מִגְּאוֹן הַיַּרְדֵּן Je 49:19 = 50:44, מִסֻּבְּכוֹ Je 4:7, from prey Gn 49:9 (J); climb up into (ב) houses, locusts Jo 2:9; frogs, on (ב) persons Ex 7:29 (J); c. על, of cattle, sexually Gn 31:10, 31:12 (E); locusts upon the land Ex 10:12, 10:14 (E) Jo 1:6. †

4. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth: trees Is 55:13, 55:13, Ez 47:12; קיקיון Jon 4:6; grass Dt 29:22, Am 7:1; ears of grain Gn 41:5, 41:22 (E), also Gn 40:10 (E) Is 5:6, 32:13 cf. sim. 53:2, Ho 10:8, Pr 26:9; כֻלּוֹ ע׳ קמשׂנים Pr 24:31 all of it grown up with thorns, Is 34:13; fig. קֶרֶן Dn 8:3, 8:8.

5. of natural phoenom., go up, rise: dew, Ex 16:14, i.e. disappear (P); אֵד ע׳ מִן־הָאָרֶץ Gn 2:6 (J), cloud 1 K 18:44, Je 4:13; הַשַּׁחַר ע׳ dawn, etc. Gn 19:15 (JE) Ju 19:25, 1 S 9:26 +; smoke Gn 19:28, Ex 19:18 (J) Ju 20:40 +; fire 6:21; flame 13:20; stench Is 34:3, Jo 2:20; incense Ez 8:11; well Nu 21:17 (E); waters Je 47:2; Nile Je 46:7, 46:8, Am 8:8, 9:5; c. על, of overflow Is 8:7 +. †

6. of inanimate things (instead of passive construction), abs., shock of grain (to גֹּרֶן) Jb 5:26; of בָּשָׂר (covering bones in Ezek.'s vision) Ez 37:8; c. על, of garments upon the body Lv 19:19 (P) Ez 44:17; razor on head Ju 13:5, 16:17, 1 S 1:11; yoke upon oxen Nu 19:2 (P) 1 S 6:7; lot upon an animal Lv 16:9, 16:10 (P); c. בְּ, weight in balance Ps 62:10; entry in (ב) a book 1 Ch 27:24; = be offered (of sacrif.) 1 K 18:29, 2 K 3:20, Is 60:7; אֲרוּכָה (q.v.) in healing, Je 8:22, fig. 2 Ch 24:13 Ne 4:1.

7. of thoughts, על לב ע׳ 2 K 12:5, Is 65:17 + 5 t.; על לבב ע׳ Je 51:50, Ez 38:10; אל לב ע׳ 14:7; על רוּחַ ע׳ 20:32; of anger 2 S 11:20, 2 Ch 36:16 (ב pers.) + 3 t.; temper Ec 10:4 (עָלֶיְ).

8. come up before God, arrogance, בְּאָזְנָיו 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:29; cry, אֶל־א׳ Ex 2:23 (P), c. acc. 1 S 5:12, abs. Je 14:2; tumult Ps 74:23; of evil Jon 1:2 (לְפָנַי). †

9. go up, extend, of boundary, c. מִן whence, + acc., אֶל, לְ and even בְ whither Jos 15:3, 15:6, 15:8, 18:12, 18:12 + (all P). † 10. excel: thou excellest (עַל) them Pr 31:29; be superior to יעלה עליך מעלה מעלה Dt 28:43.—עוֹלֶה Jb 36:33 is difficult, cf. Comm., and v. עַוְלָה).

Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נַעֲלָה Nu 10:11 +; 2 ms. נַעֲלֵיתָ Ps 97:9; Impf. יֵעָלֶה Ex 40:37, etc.; Inf. cstr. הֵעָלוֹת Nu 9:17 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. הֵעָלוּ 16:24; —1. a. be brought up: מבבל לירושׁלם Ezr 1:11. b. be taken up, וַתֵּעֲלוּ על שׂפת לשׁון Ez 36:3 (Kö:i. 553; talked about). c. (1) pass., be taken up, away, of (pillar of) cloud, sq. מֵעַל of tabern. Ex 40:36, Nu 9:17, 10:11 (P); abs. Ex 40:37, 40:37, Nu 9:21, 9:21, 9:22 (P); of the glory from upon the cherubim Ez 9:3; (2) reflex., take oneself away from, get up from: מִסָּבִיבֹ Nu 16:24; מֵעַל v:27; of a besieging army Je 37:5, 37:11. 2. reflex.: take oneself away מאחרי pers., from following after, 2 S 2:27. 3. be exalted, of God Ps 47:10; c. על, over all gods 97:9.

Hiph. Pf. הֶעֱלָךְ Nu 8:3 +, הֵעֲלָה Hb 1:15 (Ges:§ 63 p); sf. הֶעֶלְְ Ne 9:18, הֶעֱלָנוּ Ex 32:1 + 2 t.; 3 fs. וְהַעַלְתָה 1 S 2:19 consec.; sf. הֶעֱלָ֫תַם Jos 2:6; 2 ms. הֶעֱלִיתָ Ex 33:1 +; וְהַעֲלִיתָ consec. Dt 27:6 +; הֶעֱלֵיתָ Ex 32:7; וְהַעֲלֵיתָ consec. 40:4; 2 mpl. sf. הֶעֱלִיתֻנוּ Nu 20:5, 21:5, etc.; Impf. יַעֲלֶה Lv 17:8 +; וְיַ֫עַל 2 S 24:22; וַיַּעֲלֶה Je 10:13; וַיַּ֫עַל Gn 8:20 +, sf. יַעְלֵם Dt 28:61, etc.; Inf. abs. הַעֲלֵה Ez 23:46; cstr. הַעֲלוֹת 1 Ch 23:31 +, etc.; Imv. הַ֫עַל Ex 33:12 + 2 t.; fs. הַעֲלִי 1 S 28:8, 28:11 +, etc.; Pt. מַעֲלֶה 7:10 +; cstr. מַעֲלֵה Lv 11:4 +; sf. מַעַלְְ Dt 20:1, Ps 81:11; f. מַעֲלָה Lv 11:26; cstr. מַעֲלַת Lv 11:3, 11:6, Dt 14:6, etc.;—1. bring up persons: a. from a place, c. מִן:מִן הַסָָּלַע Ju 15:13; מִמִּחְרַיִם Ex 17:3 (E) + 3 t. E, + 8 t.; מארץ מחרים Ex 32:1 (J) + 5 t. J, + Lv 11:45 (P), Dt 20:1, Jos 24:17 (E), + 13 t.; מארץ חפון Je 16:15 = 23:8. b. (1) out of a place, c. מן: † בּוֹר(ן הַ)מִ Gn 37:28 (E) Ps 40:3, Je 38:10, 38:13; משּׁחת Jon 2:7; מקּברות Ez 37:12, 37:13; מן־שׁאול Ps 30:4, etc.; (2) c. בְּ by means of, בְּחֶרְמִי Ez 32:3 (Hb 1:15 v. 3 infr.). c. c. acc. of place whither, Nu 20:25 (P) 22:41 (E) Jos 2:6, 7:24 (J) Ezr 4:2; השׁמים 2 K 2:1; c. אֶל:אֶל־הָעֲלִיָּה 1 K 17:19; c. לְ:לבית 2 Ch 8:11. d. cause to ascend, climb: על המרכבה 1 K 20:33 (אֶל 2 K 10:15 prob. error), על־המגדלות 2 Ch 32:5 (Vulgate built towers thereon, i.e. עָלָיו ע׳); מֵעַל להומה Ne 12:31 vid. על IV 2 e.2. in personal relations: a. bring up, c. אל, 1 S 19:15, 2 K 10:15, 25:6, Je 39:5, 52:9; c. לְ 1 S 28:8, 28:11, 28:11. b. in war, c. עַל against 2 Ch 36:17, Je 50:9, Ez 16:40, 23:46, 26:3. c. take away (from life) Ps 102:25, Jb 36:20. † 3. bring up animals, c. על, frogs על הארץ Ex 8:1, 8:3 (P); bring up horses to a charge Je 51:27, cf. Na 3:3; draw up men, under fig. of fish (בְּחַכָּה) Hb 1:15; train, young lion Ez 19:3; of cattle, מעלה גֵרָה, i.e. chewing the cud Lv 11:3, 11:4, 11:4, 11:5, 11:6, 11:26, Dt 14:6, 14:7, 14:7. 4. cause to ascend: c. acc. rei, smoke מן העיר Ju 20:38; stench באף Am 4:10, etc.; bring waters upon, על Is 8:7; bring up from (מן loc.) 2 S 6:2, 6:12, 1 K 8:1, Gn 50:25 (JE), +; c. אֶל loc., Ju 16:3, 1 Ch 15:3, 15:12, c. acc. loc. 2 Ch 2:15; c. אל pers. 1 S 6:21; c. לְ pers. Ju 16:8, 1 S 2:19; c. על, bring sickness upon Dt 28:61; † עפר על ראשׁ הע׳ throw dust on the head Jos 7:6, La 2:10, Ez 27:30; clothe sackcloth upon Am 8:10; flesh upon Ez 37:6; put ornaments on 2 S 1:24; cf. also 1 K 10:16, 10:17 = 2 Ch 9:15, 9:16, 2 Ch 3:5, 3:14; נֵר הע׳ light lamp (make flame go up; Thes al. of raising lamp upon the lamp-stand) Ex 25:37, 27:20 + 6 t. P; bring up new flesh (heal; v. אֲרוּכָה) Je 30:17, 33:6. † 5. mentally: גִּלּוּלִים על לב הע׳ Ez 14:3, אל לב v:7, i.e. make object of thought; rouse, stir up, c. acc. אַף, anger Pr 15:1, cf. Ez 24:8. † 6. מנחה ל׳ הע׳ 2 K 17:4 offer a present; bring up tithe to (ל) Ne 10:39; מַס הע׳ raise a levy 1 K 5:27, 9:15, למס v:21, 2 Ch 8:8. † 7. exalt: Ps 137:6 if I exalt not Jerus. above (עַל) my chief joy; עלה(מ)אנכי אַעַלְְ גם־ Gn 46:4 (E) I will exalt thee exceedingly (cf. Qal 10; מ lost in MT, after ם; Di and most bring up). 8. cause to ascend (in flame; Thes al. to go up on altar), offer sacrifice, usu. עֹלָה, either alone or foll. by other sacrif.: העלה עלות Ex 24:5 (E) 32:6 (J) Lv 17:8 (H) Dt 12:13, 12:14 + (see עֹלָה); seldom: † קטרת Ex 30:9 (P), cf. Ps 66:15; † מנחה Is 57:6, 66:3, also prob. 1 K 18:29, 18:36, 2 K 3:20 ( > Qal); (ים)פר Nu 23:2, 23:4, 23:14, 23:30 (E) Ps 51:21; הטוב בעיניו 2 S 24:22; ליהוה הע׳ Ju 13:16; abs. 2 Ch 8:13, 29:29; † לעולה הע׳ Gn 22:2, 22:13 (E); c. acc. loc. מַעֲלֶה בָמָה Je 48:35; (ל)מזבח Lv 14:20 (P) Is 60:7 ( > Qal); c. לְ loc. 2 Ch 29:27; c. בְּ loc. Gn 8:20 (J) Nu 23:2, 23:4, 23:14, 23:30 (E); על־הַחֹמָה 2 K 3:27; usu. על loc., על הַצּוּר Ju 13:19, על מזבח הע׳ 1 K 12:32, 12:33, 12:33, 2 K 16:12, 2 Ch 1:6, 29:21, 1 S 2:28, פרים על מזבח Ps 51:21; elsewh. עלות על מזבח חע׳ Ex 40:29 (P) Jos 22:23, 1 K 3:4, 9:25, 2 Ch 1:6, 35:16, Ezr 3:2, Ez 43:18, עלות ליהוה על מז׳ הע׳ Dt 27:6, Jos 8:31, 1 Ch 16:40, 2 Ch 8:12, Ezr 3:3.

Hoph. Pf.;.;—1. be carried away, 3 fs. הֹעֲלָָתָךְ Na 2:8. 2. be taken up into, inserted in, 3 ms. הֹעֲלָה 2 Ch 20:34 (על ספר) (pass. of Qal 6). 3. 3 ms. be offered, of פר Ju 6:28 (על המזבח).

Hithp. lift oneself: Impf. 3 ms. אֶל־יִתְעַל Je 51:3 against (him that) lifts himself, but corrupt; either rd. אַל־, let him not, etc. (SyrVer Targum Vulgate Hi Gf Gie Rothst), or del. אל (LXX Co:Hpt.).

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עָלֶה n.m. leaf, leafage (v. עלה Qal 4;—ע׳ Lv 26:36 +; cstr. עֲלֵה Gn 3:7, 8:11; sf. עָלֵהוּ Je 17:8 +; pl. cstr. עֲלֵי Ne 8:15 +; sf. עֶלֶהָ Is 1:30; —leaf, leafage, of various trees Gn 3:7, 8:11, Ne 8:15, 8:15, 8:15, 8:15, 8:15; green Je 17:8, flourishing Pr 11:28; but usu. fading Is 1:30, 34:4, 64:5, Je 8:13, Ez 47:12, Ps 1:3; driven leaf Lv 26:36, Jb 13:25; עלה לִתְרוּפָה leaf for healing Ez 47:12.

עֱלִי n.[m.] pestle (as rising before the blow);—Pr 27:22.

עֵלִי n.pr.m. Eli, priest at Shiloh 1 S 1:3 ( + v:3 LXX Th Klo HPS), v:9, v:12 + 28 t. 14 + 14:3, 1 K 2:27; Ηλει.

II. עֹלָה:286 n.f. whole burnt-offering (that which goes up ( √ 6) to heaven (al. on altar));—ע׳ Gn 22:3 + 141 t.; עוֹלָה Nu 28:37 + 33 t.; cstr. עֹלַת Ex 29:42 + 27 t., עוֹלַת Nu 28:24 + 2 t.; sf. עוֹלָֽתְ֑ Ps 20:4, etc.; pl. עֹלוֹת Jos 8:31 + 42 t., עֹלֽת Gn 8:20 + 3 t.; עוֹלֽת Dt 27:6, עוֹלוֹת Am 5:22 +; sf. עֹלוֹתֵיבֶם Je 6:20 +, etc.;—the whole burnt-offering (beast or fowl) is entirely consumed and goes up i the flame of the altar to God expressing the ascent of the soul in worship. All of the victim is laid on the altar except the hide and such parts as could not be washed clean. If beast the ע׳ must be a male without blemish Lv 1:3, 1:10, 22:18, 22:19, of herd or flock; if of flock, either sheep or goad; if fowl, either turtle-dove or young pigeon Lv 1:14, the latter usu. offered by the poor † 5:7, 12:8, 14:22, 15:14, 15:15, 15:29, 15:30, Nu 6:10, 6:11. A lamb was offered by individuals Lv 12:6, Nu 6:14, and by the nation at the עֹמֶר offering Lv 23:12, and daily at the עֹלַת הַכֹּקֶר 9:17, Nu 28:23, 2 K 16:15, Ez 46:13, and at morning and evening עלח תמיד Nu 28:3, † תָּמִיד(הַ) עֹלַת Ex 29:42, Nu 28:6, 28:10, 28:15, 28:23, 28:24, 28:31, 29:6, 29:11, 29:16, 29:19, 29:22, 29:25, 29:28, 29:31, 29:34, 29:38, Ezr 3:5, Ne 10:34, Ez 46:13. These were doubled at the עֹלַת שַׁכָּת Nu 28:10. A ram was offered by Aaron and his sons † Ex 29:28, Lv 8:18, 9:2, 16:3, 16:5; but a young bullock was of greater value Nu 15:8, 15:24, 2 S 24:22 = 1 Ch 21:23, at consecration of Levites Nu 8:12, so calves Mi 6:6; on great occasions bullocks + rams Nu 23:16; 23:14, 23:15, bullocks + rams + lambs Is 1:11; one of each kind offered by tribal chiefs Nu 7:15, 7:21, 7:27, 7:33, 7:39, 7:45, 7:51, 7:57, 7:63, 7:69, 7:75, 7:81, 7:87. In ritual of חֹדֶשׁ(ה)עֹלַת Nu 28:14, 29:6 and at מצּות and Pentecost 2 bullocks, 1 ram, and 7 lambs were added to daily offering Nu 28:11, 28:19, 28:27; at offering of new bread at Pentecost 1 bullock, 2 rams, and 7 lambs Lv 23:18 on the 1st and 10th of the 7th month and at עחרת 1 bullock, 1 ram, and 7 lambs, in addition to the offerings of new moon Nu 29:2, 29:8, 29:36; the system culminated in 70 bullocks, 14 rams, 98 lambs for the 7 days of Tabernacles 29:13 ff. Acc to Ezek. the prince was to offer on each of 7 days of מחות 7 bullocks and 7 rams Ez 45:23, and on Sabbath 6 lambs and 1 ram 46:4. At the reconsecration of temple 70 bullocks, 100 rams, and 200 lambs were offered 2 Ch 29:32, and at the return of exiles 12 bullocks, 96 rams, and 77 lambs Ezr 8:35. In early times whole burnt-offerings of children were sometimes made, e.g. Jephthah's daughter Ju 11:31; Isaac proposed as, Gn 22:2 but ram substituted v:13; made to other gods 2 K 3:27, Je 19:5 +. The ע׳ was anciently made on any altar used for worship, but in P confined to † מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Ex 30:28, 31:9, 35:16, 38:1, 40:6, 40:10, 40:29, Lv 4:7, 4:10, 4:18, 4:25, 4:25, 4:30, 4:34, 1 Ch 6:40, 21:26, 21:29, 2 Ch 29:18 (not in other lit.); מזבח לעלה Jos 22:29, 1 Ch 22:1. The offerer imposed his hands on head of animal, then slaughtered it Lv 1:4, 1:5; † שׁחט ע׳ 4:24, 4:33, 6:8, 7:2, 9:12, 14:13, 14:19, 14:31, Ez 40:39, 40:42, 44:11, and flayed it † הַפְשִׁיט ע׳ Lv 1:6, 2 Ch 29:34. The priest washed the pieces Ez 40:38; arranged them on the altar above the wood Lv 6:5; the fire devoured them v:26, 9:24, 1 K 18:38, 2 Ch 7:1, they went up in the flame ריח ניחח ליהוה (ל) Lv 1:9, 1:13, 1:17, 8:21, Nu 28:13; לְרָחוֹן, according to character of offerer Is 56:7, Je 6:20; see also Ps 20:4, 40:7, 51:18, 1 S 15:22.

Phrases: † העלה ע׳ Gn 8:20, Ex 32:6 (J) 24:5 (E) 30:9, 40:29, Lv 14:20, 17:8 (P) Dt 12:13, 12:14, 27:6, Jos 8:31, 22:23, Ju 6:26, 20:26, 21:4, 1 S 6:14, 6:15, 7:9, 7:10, 10:8, 13:9, 13:10, 13:12, 2 S 6:17, 6:18, 24:24, 24:25, 1 K 3:4, 3:15, 9:25, 10:5, 2 K 3:27, 1 Ch 16:2, 16:40, 21:24, 21:26, 23:31, 29:21, 2 Ch 1:6, 8:12, 9:4, 23:18, 24:14, 29:7, 29:27, 35:14, 35:16, Ezr 3:2, 3:3, 3:6, Jb 1:5, 42:8, Ps 66:15, Je 14:12, 33:18, Ez 43:18, 43:24, Am 5:22 (cf. העלה 9); † זבח ע׳ Ex 20:24 (E); עשׂה לע׳ Lv 23:12, Nu 6:11, 15:24, 29:39; † עָשָׂה ע׳ Lv 5:10, 9:7, 9:22, 15:15, 15:30, 16:24, 16:24, Nu 6:16, 8:12, 15:3, 15:8, 29:2, Dt 12:27, Ju 13:16, 1 K 8:64, 2 K 5:17, 10:24, 10:25, 2 Ch 7:7, Ez 43:27, 45:17, 45:23, 46:2, 46:12, 46:12, 46:13; † הִקְרִיב ע׳ Lv 7:8, 9:16, 10:19, 23:37, Nu 28:3, 28:11, 28:19, 28:27, 29:8, 29:13, 29:36, 1 Ch 16:1, Ezr 8:35, Ez 46:4; הקריב לע׳ Lv 22:18, Nu 6:14; † הביא ע׳ Dt 12:6, 12:11, 2 Ch 29:31, 29:32, 30:15, Is 43:23, Je 17:26; † הקטְיר ע׳ 2 K 16:13, 16:15, 2 Ch 13:11.—עֹלָתָה, עוֹלוֹת v. also עַוְלָה sub I. עוּל.

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† II. [עֹלָה] n.f. ascent, stairway, עלותו Ez 40:26 Kt, עֹלוֹתָיו Qr; rd. prob. מַעֲלָתוֹ (LXX Co SS לוֹ, Toy עֹלָתוֹ).

† [עִלּי] adj. upper;—fs. עִלִּית Ju 1:15; pl. עִלִיּוֹת Jos 15:19 (opp. תַּחְתִּית, תַּחְתִיּוֹת).

עֲלִיָּה n.f. (c. adj. masc. Je 22:14, cf. Albrecht:ZAW xvi (1896), 83 Kö:Synt. § 251 k) roof-chamber (NH id., Targum עֲלִיתָא, Syr. ܥܶܠܺܝܬܳܐ (whence Ar. عُلِّيَّة dining-room as loan-wd. Frä:20 f.); Sab. עלית DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 27);—chamber on roof, cool and secluded : abs. ע׳ Ju 3:23, 3:24, 3:25 (cf. Nes:Marg. 13), 1 K 17:19, 17:23, 2 K 4:11; cstr. עֲלִיַּת הַמְּקֵרָה Ju 3:20, ־קִירע׳ 2 K 4:10 roof-chamber with walls (permanent); הַשַּׁעַר ע׳ 2 S 19:1, i.e. over the gateway; הַפִּנָּה ע׳ Ne 3:31, 3:32 i.e. at a corner of the wall ; אָחָז ע׳ 2 K 23:12 (prob. built by A.); sf. עֲלִיָּתוֹ 1:2 (belonging to Ahaziah);—2 Ch 9:4 rd. עֹלֽתָיו (cf. ‖ 1 K 10:5); pl. abs. עֲלִיּוֹת מְרֻוָּחִים Je 22:14 spacious roof-chambers; in Sol.'s temple acc. to 2 Ch 3:9, so sf. עֲלִיּתָיו 1 Ch 28:11; more gen. עֲלִיּוֹתָיו Je 22:13; י׳'s chambers in sky Ps 104:3, containing rain, v:13.

I. עֶלְיוֹן:22 adj.

1. high;—ms. ע׳ Dt 26:19, 28:1, 1 K 9:8 (? rdg. הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה הָע׳ as LXXL Benz) = 2 Ch 7:21, of י׳ Ps 97:9.

2. upper Bethhoron, ע׳ Jos 16:5 העליון 1 Ch 7:24, 2 Ch 8:5, the upper (opp. lower), of house Ne 3:25; cf. 2 K 15:35, 2 Ch 23:20 + 5 t., + Gn 40:17 (uppermost basket); fs. הָעֶלְיוֹנָה the upper pool 2 K 18:17 = Is 36:2, Is 7:3; the highest side-chamber (חֵלָע) Ez 41:7; fpl. הָעֶלְיוֹנֹת 42:5 the upper chambers (לְשָׁכוֹת).

3. of Davidic king exalted above monarchs Ps 89:28 (cf. Dt 28:1, supr.).

†II. עֶלְיוֹן n.m. Highest, Most High (prob. = foreg.);—

1. name of God Nu 24:16, Dt 32:8, Ps 18:14 = 2 S 22:14, Ps 9:3, 21:8, 46:5, 50:14, 73:11, 77:11, 78:17, 83:19, 87:5, 91:1, 91:9, 92:2, 107:11, Is 14:14, La 3:35, 3:38; with other divine names: אל עליון Gn 14:18, 14:19, 14:20; 14:22 (v. Di) Ps 78:35; יהוה עליון Ps 7:18, 47:3; אלהים עליון Ps 57:3, 78:56.

2. of rulers, either monarchs or angel-princes, בְּנֵי עֶלְיוֹן = אלהים Ps 82:6.

מֹ֫עַל n.[m.] lifting;—בְּמֹעַל יְדֵיהֶם Ne 8:6.

מַעֲלֶה:19 n.m.:Is 15:5 ascent;—מ׳ Ne 12:37; cstr. מַעֲלֵה Jos 10:10 + 14 t.; מַעֲלָו֯ Ez 40:31, 40:34, 40:37;

1. ascent of hill or mt.: to a city 1 S 9:11, to the royal sepulchers (in Jerus.) 2 Ch 32:33; הַזֵּיתִית מִ׳ 2 S 15:30 (v. זַיִת 3); עַקְרַבִּים מ׳ = Srorpion-pass, on S. border of Pal., Ju 1:36, Nu 36:4, Jos 15:3 (both P), i.e. prob. the Naḳb eṣ-ṣafâ SW. from Dead Sea Buhl:Geogr. 16. 66 Di and GFM ad loc., and reff.; oft. def. By n.pr.loc.: אֲדֻמִים מ׳ 15:7, 18:17, S. of valley of Achor, between Jerusalem and Jericho, cf. mod. Telï‘at ed-dâm Buhl:Geogr. 98.; v. also בֵּית חוֹרֹן I. גּוּר, II. חֶרֶס, לוּחִית, II. חיץ.

2. of stairs Ez 40:31, 40:34, 40:37; to a wall Ne 12:27; מַעֵלֵה הַלִּוִיִּם Ne 9:4. p. 111, 158, 357, 532, 851

מַ֫עַל:140 subst., higher part, only in adv. and prep. phrases, above, upwards (Ph. מעל, v. sub מַ֫טּה p. 641: abbrev. from מַעֲלֶה; cf. מַ֫עַן in לְמַ֫עַן from עָנָה: Kö:ii. 116):—†

1. מִמַּ֫עַל = above (v. מִן 1 c) a. as adv. Am 2:9 וָאַשְׁמִיד פִּרְיוֹ מִמֵּעַל his fruit above (opp. שָׁרָשָׁיו מִתָָּחַת), Jb 18:16; 1 K 7:3, 7:20, 7:29; oft. in the phr. הַשָּׁמַמַיִם מִמַּעַל Dt 4:39, 5:8 ( = Ex 20:4), Jos 2:11, 1 K 8:23, Is 45:8, Je 4:28; cf. שְׁחָקִים מ׳ Ps 78:23, Pr 8:28, אֱלוֹהַּ מ׳ Jb 3:4, 31:2, אֵל מ׳ 31:28. b. מִמַּעַל לְ, as prep. (מן 1 c), on the top of, above, Gn 22:9 ממעל לָעֵחִים above the wood, Ex 28:27 = 39:20, Lv 11:21 כְּרָעַיִם מִמַּעַל לְרַגְלָיו, Is 6:2 שְׁרָפִים עֹמדים מִמַּעַל לוֹ, 14:13, Je 43:10, Ez 1:26, Dn 12:6, 12:7; = on higher ground than, Je 35:4; fig. Je 52:32 (‖ 2 K 25:28 מֵעַל).

2. With הָ loc. מַ֫עְלָה, מָָעְלָה upwards (opp. מַ֫טָּה p. 641) : † a. fig. Dt 28:43 יַעֲלֶה עֶלֶיךָ מַ֫עְלָה מָ֫עְלָה upwards, upwards, i.e. higher and higher (opp. מַ֫טָּה מָֽטָה). † b. וָמַ֫עְלָה (a) of direction in space, Ju 1:36 מֵהַסֶּלַע וָמַ֫עְלָה from the rock and upwards (cf. Bu), 1 K 7:31 (corrupt: v. Sta VB Benz), 1 S 9:2 = 10:23 מִשִּׁכְמוֹ וָמַ֫עְלָה from his shoulder and upwards: so וּלְמ׳, † Ez 1:27 מִמַּרְאֵה מָתְנָיו וּלְמָָעְלָה 8:2, 43:5. (b) of direction in time, or age:—(a) מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָָעְלָה Ex 30:14, Nu 1:3 + 19 t. P, מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ וָמ׳ Nu 3:15, 3:22 + 6 t. P, simil. 4:3, 8:24 + 7 t. P; elsewhere only 1 Ch 23:3, 23:24, Ezr 3:8, and with וּלְמַעְלָה1 Ch 23:17, 2 Ch 31:16, 31:17; וָמ׳ …לְמִבֶּן 2 Ch 25:5; and 2 K 3:21 מִכֹּל חֹגֵר חֲגֹרָה וָמ׳. † (β) מהיום ההוא וָמ׳ from that day and onwards, 1 S 16:13, 30:25. † (γ) מן היום הזִה וָמ׳ from this day and upwards (i.e. and back), Hg 2:15, 2:18. † c. לְמַ֫עְלָךְ upwards, more common than מ׳ alone (a): (a) Ex 25:20 (= 37:9) פֹּֽרְשֵׂי כְנָפַיִם למ׳ Ju 7:13 ויהפכחו למ׳ overthrew it upwards, i.e. turned it downside up, Is 7:11 אוֹ הַגְבֵּהַּ למ׳ or make it (the request) high upwards, 8:21 וּפָנָה למ׳, 37:31 (2 K 19:30) ועשׂה פרי למ׳ (cf. Am 2:9, 1 a), Ez 41:7 a β (v:a α bis למ׳ למ׳ = higher and higher), Ps 74:5; fig. וְהָיִיתָ רַק למ׳ Dt 28:13 (cf.a), Pr 15:24 אֹרַח חַיִּים למ׳ (opp. שְׁאוֹל :מָֽטָּה ), cf. Ec 3:21; sq. a noun, Ezr 9:6 רּאשׁ למ׳ over the head, sq. מֵעַל (cf. Aboth 2:1 לְמַעְלָה מִן) = above, 2 Ch 34:4: v. also b a, b a. (b) metaph. = exceedingly, only in Chr 1 Ch 14:2, 22:5 the house must be built to J. לְהַגְדִּיל למ׳ so as to shew greatness exceedingly, 23:17 רָבוּ למ׳ וּבְנֵי ר׳, 29:3 (sq. מִן; = over and above ...), v:25, 2 Ch 1:1 וַיְגַדְּלֵהוּ למ׳, 20:19; עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה, 16:12, 17:12, 26:8. †d. מִלְמַ֫עְלָה (v. מִן 9 a), adv., above (the more usual prose syn. of מִמַּעַל): Gn 6:16 אֶל־אַמָּה תְּכַלֶּנָּה מ׳ 7:20 15 cubits מ׳ (i.e. above the mountain-tops), Ex 25:21 (40:20) וְנָתַתָּ֫ה אֶת־הַכַּפֹּרֶת על הארון מ׳ upon the ark above, 26:14 (36:19, 40:19, Nu 4:25) a covering of skins on the tent מ׳ above, 39:31, Nu 4:6, 1 K 7:11, 7:25, 8:7 (2 Ch 4:4, 5:8), Je 31:37 אִם יִמַּדּוּ שָׁמַיִם מ׳ (cf. 1 a), Ez 1:11 פְּרֻדוֹת מ׳ separate above, v:22, v:26, 10:19, 11:22, 37:8; from above, Jos 3:13, 3:16 הַמַּיִם הַיֹּרְדִים מ׳.

752

† I. [מַעֲלָה] n.f. what comes up;—pl. cstr. מַעֲלוֹת רוּחֲכֶם Ez 11:5, i.e. your thoughts.

II. מַעֲלָה:46 n.f. step, stair;—מ׳ Ezr 7:9, 1 Ch 17:17; pl. מַעֲלוֹת Is 38:8 +, sf. מַעֲלֽתָו֯ Am 9:6, etc.;—

1. step, stair of temple Ez 40:6 + 5 t. 40, and temple porch 40:49; of altar Ex 20:26 (E) (forbidden, cf. RS:OTJC xii, n. l; 2nd ed. 358) Ez 43:17 (prescribed); of house 2 K 9:13, of throne 1 K 10:19, 10:20, 2 Ch 9:18, 9:19; to the city of David Ne 3:15, 12:37.

2. steps (forming sun-dial, cf. Di:Is) 2 K 20:9, 20:9, 20:10, 20:10, 20:11, 20:11, 20:11 = Is 38:8, 38:8, 38:8, 38:8, 38:8

3. stories of heaven Am 9:6.

4. ascent, מִבָּבֶל Ezr 7:9. 5. הַמַּעֲלוֹת(ל) שִׁיר song of ascents, to the three great pilgrim feasts, i.e. to be sung on way up to Jerusalem, titles of Psalm Ps 120134 + 84:6 We al.—כְּתוֹר האדם המעלה 1 Ch 17:17 is crpt., v. Comm.ad loc. (and on ‖ 2 S 7:19).

†I. תְּעָלָה n.f. water-course;—ת׳ Je 30:13 +; cstr. תְּעָלַת Is 7:3 + 2 t.; pl. sf. תְּעָלֽתֶיהָ Ez 31:4; —

1. a. water-course, conducted for irrigation Ez 31:4; hence poet., channel for rain Jb 38:25 b. conduit, 2 K 18:17 = Is 36:2, Is 7:3, cf. 2 K 20:20. c. trench, 1 K 18:32, 18:35, 18:38.

† II. תְּעָלָה n.f. healing (of new flesh and skin forming over wound);—(fig.) Je 30:13, 46:11.

עַל, עָָל (cf. Kö:ii. 261 f.) I. subst. height (poet.) † Ho 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לאֹ עָֹל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), 11:7 וְאֶל־עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adv. accus., 2 S 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָָל, † שׁמים מֵעָָל(ה) (the) heavens above Gn 27:39, 49:25, Ps 50:4 (opp. מִתַּחַת Ex 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

II. As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI:4.6; Moab. Aram. id.; Ph. על, and עלת; Palm. Nab. על; Sab. עלי, Ar. عَلَي);—abbrev. from עֲלֵי (cf. אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Gn 49:17, 49:17, 49:22, 49:22, Nu 24:6, 24:6, Dt 32:2, 32:2, Is 18:4, Je 8:18, Mi 5:6, La 4:5, 1 K 20:41 Qr, Jb 7:1 Qr + 10 t. Psalm, 3 t. Pr, 15 t. Jb; with sf. עָלַי; עָלֶיְ, עָלַיִךְ († Ps 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָָיְכִי); עָלָיו, Psalm 1 S 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 pl. עָלֵינוּ; 2 mpl. עֲלֵיכֶם, † Ex 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 fpl. עֲלֵיכֶן † Ez 23:49; 3 mpl. עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 t. in Pent. עֲלֵהֶם Gn 45:15, etc. (Kö:ii. 305), poet. עָלֵ֫ימוֹ Dt 22:23 + 11 t. Psalm, Jb (perh. sts., Ges:§ 103 i, N.); 3 fpl. עֲלֵיהֶן, † Lv 3:4, 3:10, 3:15 עֲלֵהֶן (on the appar. plur. form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי etc., v. Kö:ii. 309 ff., and cf. sub עַד).

1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as על־הארץ upon the earth Gn 1:11, 1:26, 7:6, etc., Ps 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ez 20:12 + oft., Am 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Is 14:2 על אדמת י׳, Ps 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲרָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gn 6:1, Nu 12:3 + oft.; על מקום Lv 14:28, Je 45:5 (uncommon: usu. בְּ); Dt 17:20, Is 9:6 על מַמְלַכְתּוֹ upon his realm, 2 Ch 1:1; על בָּֽתִּים very strangely Ho 11:11 (rd. וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with LXX : v. 7 c α β); constantly after such vbs. as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gn 8:4, Ex 11:5; כתב על to write (idiom.) on a book or other surface, Jos 10:13, etc.; יחא על go forth over Gn 41:45, Zc 5:3, Ps 81:6; with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַח, בָּטַח (fig.), to lean or trust upon: Gn 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְְ upon thy belly, 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֹ upon his thigh, 1 S 14:13, Ez 37:10; Ju 15:8 to smite שׁוֹק עַל יָרֵח leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Am 3:15. And with ref. not a horizontal surface but to a side, Lv 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1 K 6:5, 6:18 to build against the temple, Jos 10:27, etc. Fig. Ex 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיְ upon thy mouth (in our idiom, upon thy lips, as Pr 22:18), Ps 15:3 לאֹ רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֹ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2 S 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֹ עַל לְשׁוֹנִי, Pr 16:23, 16:27, 31:26, Ec 5:1; cf. עַל שְׂפָתַיִם נָשָׂא or עַל פֶּה Ps 16:4, 50:16; Ez 36:3b.

Specially a.—(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Gn 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Jos 9:5, 1 K 11:30, Ru 3:15 +; Gn 24:30, 38:30, 2 S 13:18, of a sword 20:8, Ct 3:8; so הָיָה עַל Lv 16:4, Dt 22:5, Ez 44:18, 1 Ch 15:27, 18:7 (‖ 2 S 8:7 אֶל : see p. 41 a); cf. לאֹ יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיְ Lv 19:19, Ez 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b.

(b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it (‘ upon ’ referred to a side) : v. גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַח, עָטָה Ne 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, cf. v:18, Ezr 7:6, 7:9, 8:18, 8:22, 8:31; Ex 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, 1 S 25:16 חוֹמָה הָיוּ עָלֵינוּ they were a wall about us ; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Ex 14:13, Jb 12:14; Ez 13:5, Jb 13:27, 26:9, 36:30 he spreadeth his light עָלָיו about him.

b. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Is 1:14 הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Jb 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, 2 S 15:33 (cf. with אֶל 19:36) ; כָּבַד עֶל to be heavy upon Ex 5:9 al. (v. כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Is 53:5, Ez 33:10, Ps 88:8, Jb 21:9, 2 Ch 15:5, 28:13, Ec 6:1, 8:6 (cf. 5 a β); Lv 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֹ עָלָיו 22:3: idiomatically, Gn 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֹת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a. care to me), Nu 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Ju 14:16, 14:17, 19:2 (v. Be), 1 S 21:6 to play the mad man upon me, Je 12:11. c. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon, Ex 5:8, 21:22, 21:30 (שָׁת), 22:4, cf. Gn 47:26, 2 Ch 35:25; with other verbs, Jb 38:10, Dt 24:5, 26:6, 2 K 15:20, 18:14, 23:33, Ne 10:33, 10:33, Est 1:8, 9:21, 9:27, 9:31; with חִוָּה enjoin upon Gn 2:16 + oft., כתב prescribe to 2 K 22:13, Ps 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon 1 S 17:20 (v:22 על יד), נתן על יד (fig.) Gn 42:37, 2 K 12:12, 22:5, cf. 1 K 14:27, עזב Ps 10:14, גלל 37:5, השׁליך 55:23, פקד Jb 34:13 al.; Gn 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְְ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּו multiply upon me, etc., 2 S 19:39 (pregn.) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Ju 19:20 רַק כָּל־מַחְסֹערְ עָלָָי only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezr 10:4, Ps 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיְ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: cf. Nu 30:7, 30:9, 30:15), Pr 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָָי peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perh. Ps 62:1, 77:1 (to the charge of); with an inf. 2 S 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., 1 K 4:7, Ezr 10:12 (accents [Baer], RV:m), Ne 13:3, cf. Zc 12:2 (Ew RV:m); Nu 7:9 (P) the service of ... was upon them, Ez 45:17, so especially late 1 Ch 9:27, 9:33, 23:31, 2 Ch 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל 8:15, 24:9, Ezr 7:11, Ne 11:23; Is 9:5 and the government is upon, his shoulder (cf. 22:22), 2 Ch 25:3; Ps 7:11 מָֽגִנִּי עַל־א׳ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), 62:8 על־אלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

d. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Ps 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? v:7 my soul upon me is cast down, v:12, 43:5, La 3:20; Ps 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֹ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, 143:4, Jon 2:8; Je 8:18 :עָלַי לִבִּי דַרוָּֽי my heart upon me is sick, Jb 14:22, 14:22 (cf. Di), Hos 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, 1 S 17:32, 25:36, Ne 5:7 וַיִמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: cf. Ps 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Jb 30:16; 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. ‘within me’ alters entirely the point of view of the Heb. expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emph. the subj. of an experience, Jb 30:2 עלימו אבד כָָּלַךְ, Dn 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (cf. Aram. 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֹהִי), 10:8 וְהוֹדִי נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי (cf. 5:9, 7:28): also, rather differently, Lv 18:18 b, Je 49:20 אִם לאֹ יַשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Mi 7:13, Ps 90:17 b; Ps 7:9 acc. to my perfectness upon me, Ez 18:20; 22:3, 2 Ch 36:8.

e. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; cf. Is 3:1, and Ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Dt 8:3 עַל־הַלֶּחֶם, Is 38:16 (cf. Hi), Gn 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon ( = by) thy sword thou shalt live (cf. Kazwini:ii. 17 ap. Tuch), Ez 33:19, cf. v:26.

f. Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Gn 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Lv 17:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֹדָה on the ground of a thanks-giving, Nu 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֹ, v:b Ez 16:15, 28:17, Dn 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֹ, 9:18 עַל חדקותינו, (with عَلَي this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence (a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (cf. Germ. ‘auf die Art’ W:AG ii. § 59 i): the transition may be seen in a passage like Ex 24:8 the covenant which י׳ made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (cf. על פי 34:27), Nu 35:24 האלה על המשׁפטים, Dt 17:11, Je 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: v. ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֹ in accordance with its manner, Ps 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵי־חֹק in accordance with a law, ... על פי acc. to the mouth (i.e. command, Gn 45:21 + oft, evidence Dt 17:6, 19:15, sentence 21:5) of…; …עַל שֵׁם acc. to the name of…(mostly with call, be called) Gn 48:6, Ex 28:21, 2 S 18:18 +, cf. 1 Ch 23:14; Ex 6:26, 12:51 עַל חִבְאֹתָם acc. to their hosts (usu. לְ), Nu 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usu. לְ) v:52, 2:2, 2:34, 7:3 (‖ל), Dt 18:8 (prob.); עַל יְדֵי acc. to the hands (direction) of Je 5:31, 33:13 al. (v. p. 391 b); Ps 110:4 עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ׳ after the manner of M.; Pr 25:11 (prob.) a word spoken עַל אָעפנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune acc. to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Ps 6:1 (1 Ch 15:21), 8:1, 9:1, 12:1, 45:1, 46:1 (1 Ch 15:20) עַל־עֲלָמוֹת (perh., however, in the manner ofmaidens = for ‘sopranos’), 53:1, 56:1, 60:1, 69:1, 81:1, 84:1, 88:1 (cf. in Syr. ܕ ܘܠܳܐ ܥܰܠ).

(b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Gn 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, 21:12, 26:7, 26:9, 27:41, 42:21, Lv 4:3, 4:28, 5:18, 19:17, 26:18, 26:24, 26:28, Dt 9:18, 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death על־בנים on account of children, 31:18, Jos 9:20, Je 1:16, 5:9, Ez 18:26 עליהם(‖ 33:18 בָּהֶם), Pr 28:21, Ps 39:12, 50:8 + oft.; Ps 44:23 עָלֶיְ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, 69:8, Je 15:15; in the phrases עַל…דְּבַר , עַל אוֹדוֹת, עַל זאֹת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account ? עַל־כֵּן = therefore (v. דָּבָר, אוֹדָה, etc.); before an inf., as Ex 17:7 וְעַל נַסּוֹתָם אֶת־י׳ and on, account of their trying י׳, Am 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, v:6, v:9, v:11, v:13, etc., Je 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךְ because of thy saying, 9:12, 16:18 +; and as a conj. both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (v. infr. III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Ex 18:9, 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so oft.), 1 S 4:13, 30:6, 2 S 1:26, 3:8, 1 K 21:4, 2 K 6:11, Je 10:19, Am 6:6.

(c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Gn 19:17 escape על נפשׁך forthy life; Ju 9:17, 2 K 10:3 נִלְחֵם עַל (usu. ל); 1 K 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v:19 (2 K 4:13 לְ); Est 4:16, 4:8, 7:7, 8:11, 9:16, Dn 12:1 על עמר stand up (in late Heb.) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usu. בעד) Jb 42:8, Ne 1:6, 2 Ch 30:18, 29:21, Ezr 8:35; and very often with כִּפֶּר (q.v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.)

(d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Ex 12:4, 29:36, 30:16, Dt 27:13 there shall stand עַל־הַקְּלָלָה (‖ v:12 לְבָרֵח), Ps 89:4 עַל־מַה־שָּׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָל־עבּנֵי־אָדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Pr 29:5 b, 2 Ch 23:18, Ec 3:17.

(e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so عَلَي, W:AG ii § 59 e): Ps 50:5 עֲלֵי :זָ֑בַח upon, with sacrifice, 92:4 עֲלי עָשׂוֹר וגו׳ with a ten-stringed instr., with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre ; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a law-suit Ex 23:2, Ex 44:24, עַל יוֹם טוֹב 1 S 25:8 (cf. حِين عَلَي at a time of… Qor 28:14), Ne 12:22 (? rd. עַד BeRy), Is 18:4 כְּחֹם חַח עֲלֵי אוֹר at time of sunshine, 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Je 8:18; עֲלֵי יָגוֹן at time of sorrow, 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstr. substs. to form a periphr. for adverbs, Lv 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Je 6:14 = 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Ps 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Is 60:7 עַל רָחוֹן = acceptably (cf. لَدَّةِن عَلَ = with delight).

(f ) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so عَلَ, W:AG ii. § 59 h), Jb 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְְּ in spite of thy knowing, 34:6 משׁפטי על notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RV:m). Cf. below, III c b.

(g) Upon, concerning, with vbs. of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Ju 9:3, 1 K 5:13, אָמַר, Je 16:3, 27:19 (‖אל) 33:4, hearing Gn 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיְ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., 1 K 10:6, Is 37:9 (‖ 2 K 19:9 אל), disputing Gn 26:11, telling 1 S 27:11, Jo 1:3, commanding 2 S 14:8, 1 K 11:10, being vexed 21:4, 2 K 6:11, crying 8:5, confessing Ps 32:5, Ne 1:6; of the object of a prophecy or vision 1 K 22:8, Is 1:1, 2:1; and often with similar verbs.

(h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Gn 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם, Ex 22:8, Ru 4:7, Lv 5:22, 5:26, Dn 9:14 b, Ne 9:33; חָטָא עַל Lv 4:14 (‖בָּהּ v:23, cogn. acc. v:28), 5:5, Nu 6:11, Ne 13:26; …עַל־דְּבַר in the matter of, Nu 25:18, 31:16.

2. It expresses excess (synon. מִן q.v.); Gn 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַר עַל אַחֶיְ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Ex 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Nu 3:46, Dt 25:3 stripes עַל־אֵלֶּה beyond these, Jos 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (cf. 4:18, Is 8:7 b הלך על, עלה) Ps 138:2, Ec 1:16, Dn 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֹת עַל ten times above (cf. in Aram. 3:19, and عَلَي Qor 37:153), Ezr 1:6לְבַר עַל = beside (v. בַּר); Ps 16:2 (si vera l.) טוֹבָתִי בַל עָלֶיְ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee.—Of time, Lv 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (cf. Is 32:10, 4 b).

3. It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (fig.) above, Dt 26:19 al., 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, cf. Pr 31:29; Ps 57:6, 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, 89:8, 95:3, 96:4, etc., Ne 9:5; with words (q.v.) such as נכר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi. Hithp.), עזז, and esp. those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Gn 41:33, 41:40, 41:43 שׂם; 1 S 18:5; with פָּקִיר, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Gn 41:34, Ex 1:11, 18:21, etc.; abs. 2 S 8:16 Joab was על־החבא over the host, 20:23 b, 20:24, 1 K 4:46, 5:30; Nu 10:14 ff. 1 Ch 9:23, 9:26 ff. 27:25 ff. 2 Ch 30:17, 31:12; אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֹ of Joseph's steward Gn 43:16, 43:19, 44:1, 44:4; and in the official titles אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Is 22:15 al. (v. כַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַמַּם the overseer of the forced labour 1 K 12:18; אשׁר על־העיר the governor of the city 2 K 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v:22.

4. It expresses addition (cf. ἐπὶ in Gk., e.g. ἐπὶ τούτοις) ; viz. a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Ps 61:7 + oft. (v. יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Gn 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Nu 18:24, Is 14:1 (also c. אֶל), נָפַל: to fall to, i.e. desert to, Je 21:9 +, עכר to pass over to Ex 30:13; 30:14, Is 45:14 (cf. 60:5); also Hb 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֹם עַל La 4:21, Est 4:7; נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Lv 25:31, 2 S 4:2, היה על Nu 36:12; Ps 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֹן עַל עֲוֹנָם, Is 56:8 עוֹר אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

b. Used absol., as Gn 28:9 he took Maḥalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, 31:50 (cf. אל Lv 18:18), Nu 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (‖ Jos 13:22 אֶל), Dt 23:14, Ez 16:37, 16:43, 25:10; Is 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, 2 Ch 31:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ez 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֹא (‖אל), Je 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Jb 16:14 יִפְרְחֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי־פָָרֶץ (cf. Lag:M iii. 112; also II. 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφ̓ ἕλκει, Odyss. 7:120 f; Qor 31:13). So often in laws of P (cf. c), Lv 7:12 he shall offer עַל־זֶבַת הַתּוֹרָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., v:13 b, Nu 6:20, 15:9, 28:10, 28:15, 28:24 (cf. מִלְּבַר v:31, 29:6), 35:6; Ez 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: cf. 44:7 אל).

c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Ex 35:22 men together with(עַל) women, Jb 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them ? 1 K 15:20, Je 3:18 the house of Isr. with the house of Judah, Mi 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Gn 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (cf. Ho 10:14, Dt 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, esp. with אכל, Ex 12:8, יאֹכְלֻהוּ עַל־מְדֹרִים together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, v:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Nu 9:11, Dt 16:3 לאֹ־תאֹכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (cf. Ex 23:18, 34:25), v:3; in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood 1 S 14:32, 14:33 (v:34 אל), Lv 19:26, Ez 33:25 (cf. in Gk. e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Lv 2:2, 2:16, 3:4 (so v:10, v:15, 4:9, 7:4), 4:11, 7:13 a, 7:30, 10:15, 14:31, 23:18, 23:20, Nu 6:17, 19:5; 1 Ch 7:4.

5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Gn 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, 19:23 השׁמשׁ יחא על had come forth upon the earth (cf. זרח על Ex 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Dt 24:15, Mi 3:6; Jb 25:3), Nu 10:34, 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Dt 28:23 the heavens על־ראשׁך above overthy head, Is 4:5, 60:1, 60:2, Zp 2:11, Zc 9:14, Ps 7:8 over it return thou on high, Jb 29:3 בְּהִלּוֹ נֵרוֹ עֲלֵי ראֹשִׁי (cf. דעך לְ be extinguished over, 18:6), Ct 2:4 his banner over me: fig. of protection Dt 32:38, Ps 68:35: with vbs. of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over 1 S 13:18 +, ידו על נטה) Ex 14:16 Is 23:11 + (cf. Ps 21:12), הניף על to swing over Is 11:15, 19:16; השׁמיע על to proclaim over Je 4:16, Am 3:9, cf. Nu 10:10, 2 Ch 13:12, שׁם על נקרא a name to be called over 2 S 12:28 + (v. קרא).

6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, Engl. by (or sts. on):—a. in designating localities, esp. those beside water, Gn 14:16 עַל־הַמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, 16:7 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, 24:13, 24:30, 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶתהָ by it (the well), 41:1, Nu 3:26, 13:29 על־הים by the sea, 22:5, 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר. Dt 3:12, 33:8, Ju 5:19, 1 S 1:9 על מזוזת היכל י׳ (Ez 46:2), 4:1, 2 K 2:7 and they stood על־הירדן by the Jordan, 25:4, Is 19:7, 38:20, Ps 1:3 planted by water-courses, Je 17:2, 17:8, Jb 30:4, 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Pr 14:19, + oft.; על הדרך by the way Gn 38:21, 1 S 24:4; Ez 48:24 ff. על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place 1 K 9:18, Je 18:16 +, fig. עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Mi 7:18 al.: …על יְמִין on the right of ... Ps 110:5 +, …עַליַד , …עַל יֶרֶךְ , …עַל כֶּתֶף on the side of ... (see these words): less freq. (exc. as c) with ref. to persons, Nu 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, v:12, v:20, v:27, 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 2 K 11:11 by the king round about (cf. Nu 3:26 supr.), עבר על פ׳ Gn 18:5, 2 K 4:9 +.

b. 2 S 9:7, 9:10 to eat bread עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ׳ at any one's table, Ex 16:3 when we sat עַל־סִיר הַבָּשָׂר, 1 S 20:24 Kt to sit עַל־הַלֶּחֶם at meat; 25:13, 30:24 to remain עַל־הַכֵּלִים; Pr 23:30 to tarry long על־היין at (or over) the wine, Jb 39:9 :עַל־אֲבוּסְֶֽ at thy crib: cf. הַיּוֹשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Is 28:6.

c. Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (lit. over,—orig. no doubt with ref. to one supposed to be seated), Gn 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, v:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, 24:30 by the camels, 28:13, 1 S 4:20, 2 S 1:9, 12:17, 20:11, 20:12, Am 7:7; esp. of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Gn 45:l, Ju 3:19, 1 S 22:6, 22:7, 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Ex 18:13, 18:14, of י׳'s heavenly ministers, 1 K 22:19 (cf. Is 6:2 ממעל לו), Zc 4:16, and with התיחב 6:5, Jb 1:6, 2:1; also of one standing by (prop. leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Nu 23:3, 23:6, 1 K 13:1 (cf. 7 b) Am 9:1; of an Ashêrah by an altar Ju 6:25, 6:28 (cf. אֵחֶל Dt 16:21).

7. In connexion with verbs of motion (actual or fig.):—a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus (a) המטיר על to rain upon Gn 2:5, 19:24, ירד על 15:11, יחק על to pour upon Gn 28:18, נפל על חוארי פ׳ Gn 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face 17:3, 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, 21:14, 22:6, 22:9, 24:47 (v:22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of ... 40:11, 40:21, השׁליך על 2 S 20:12, etc.; cf. Jb 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֹ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Mi 3:5, Na 3:12.

(b) In diff. fig. connexions, as of sleep falling upon one, Gn 2:21, 15:12; of fear 9:2, 1 S 11:7 (v. פַּחַד, חֲרָרָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, esp. the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Gn 27:12, Dt 28:2 (in good sense), v:15, Je 5:12, 19:3 (רעה, as oft.); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with diff. verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Gn 20:9, Nu 12:11 חטאה; Gn 42:36 עַלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Nu 18:5 + (היה קֶחֶף על); Dt 19:10 דם (cf. אל 2 S 21:2 LXX We Dr), Ju 9:24, 1 K 2:32, 2 S 16:8, Ho 12:15; 2 S 3:29; 15:14; 1 S 11:2 חרפה; Je 14:16; 26:15 דם נקי (‖אל), Jon 1:14; Ez 7:3, 7:4, 7:8, 23:40, 36:29; Ps 7:17, 94:2, 94:23, 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Pr 17:13), 140:11; שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ez 7:8 + oft.; without a verb, Gn 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיְ my wrong be upon thee, Je 51:35 (‖אל); Gn 27:13 עלי קללתך; 38:29 (accents, RV:m); 2 S 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֹן; Is 24:17, Je 48:43; 50:27; Ez 13:3 …הוֹי על ; Ps 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Ex 32:29, Ps 3:9, a curse Dt 30:7, mercies (prob. conceived spec. as descending from heaven) Ps 33:22, 86:13, 90:17, 103:17 (with נבד be mighty over or upon, v:11, 117:2), 116:12, 145:9, Ezr 3:11, שׁלום Ps 125:6, 128:6, 1 Ch 22:9.

(c) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, esp. if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, esp. when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Ex 18:9, על is to be explained from 1 f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or grief, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Ju 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); prob. also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ez 11:4, 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (cf. 1 K 3:26 [Gn 43:30 אל], Ct 5:4 [Je 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Jb 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Is 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usu. in bad sense, Je 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Je 11:17 +, טובה 18:20, 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Je 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Gn 45:14, 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ez 22:13 (‖אל); Is 5:30 to growl over, 31:4, Ez 36:2, Jb 30:5; הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Lv 16:21; Ex 30:10 a (prob.); Dt 21:6; Jb 6:27, 40:30.

b. From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Ex 20:26, 1 S 2:28, 1 K 12:33 b, 2 K 16:12 b, 2 Ch 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; cf. 2 K 23:9, and ירד Lv 9:22, 1 K 1:53); Ju 9:51, Is 14:14, 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in diff. connexions) Ex 10:12, Lv 16:9 (fig.), 19:19, 1 S 1:11, 6:7, 1 K 10:16, 10:17; fig. עלה על לב Is 65:17 + (v. לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph. 1 K 20:33 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Am 8:10 (cf. 1 a a), 2 S 1:24, Ez 37:6, Ps 137:6 (fig.), 2 Ch 3:5, 3:14 (= ornamented with); Dt 28:61 (cf. Ex 15:26 b); 2 Ch 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָח עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (cf. 32:32; and כתב על supr. 1); cf. נטה יד על־השׁמים up to heaven Ex 9:22, 10:21; 17:16.

c. Expressing direction towards (not common, exc. in sense against: v. infr.)—(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (cf. Pusey:Min. Pr. 333), Ex 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simil., of a land, or place, 18:23, Nu 11:12, 1 K 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לְֵ עַל־שָׂדֶיְ, Ez 32:9, Je 3:18 b, 16:13, 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב 16:15, 22:27, 23:3, 24:6 [but אֶל 27:22, 30:3 al.], Ez 29:14; Gn 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְְ על־כַּנְָּ֑, 41:13; 30:33 כִּי תָבאֹ עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; בא על נפשׁ מֵת to enter in upon or beside a corpse; בא על אשׁה Gn 19:31, Dt 25:5 (usu. אל); Jos 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ez 47:8, 1 K 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאְֲ עַל־אֲשֶׁר לאֹ־אֵדָָע, Ps 19:7; 2 K 16:12; 2 Ch 20:24; Is 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was י׳'s arm revealed? 62:10 העמים הרימו נֵס על over towards (but 49:22 אל): but often it is dub. if this force is perceptible; and in gen. על in such cases seems to be used merely as a syn.—perh. as a slightly more graphic syn.—of אֶל (cf. p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the infl. of Aram., which does not use אֶל; thus (a) with a personal obj., with assemble or be assembled, Ex 32:1, 2 S 17:11, 1 K 8:5, 11:24, 2 K 22:20 (2 Ch 34:28 and usu. אל), 2 Ch 13:7, עלה Gn 38:12, Jos 2:8, 1 S 14:10 (v:9, v:12 אל), עבר 1 S 14:4 (v:1 אל), בא 2 S 15:4 (v. Dr) 1 Ch 12:23 f., יחא 2 K 24:12, הוליך 25:20, נגע Ju 20:34, 20:41 (cf. Is 6:7, Je 1:9), נס Is 10:3, הלך 22:15 (על …אל ), נשׂא 30:6, שׁלח 2 K 18:27 (על …אל …על : ‖ Is 36:12 על …אל …אל ), Je 26:15, 29:31, 1 Ch 13:2, 2 Ch 28:16, 30:1, 32:9, 32:31, 36:15, Ne 6:3, נגשׁ Ez 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Ne 4:6 Ml 3:24 (v. c), sq. על י׳ 2 Ch 15:4, 30:9, התיצּב 2 Ch 11:13; letters going על פ׳ Ne 2:7, 6:17 a (v:b אל). (β) of places, Gn 24:49, 2 S 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך 1 S 2:11, 1 K 20:43 על־ביתו (21:4 אל), 2 S 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Je 1:7, Ez 1:20 (v:12 אל), הוליך 1 K 1:38 (v:33 אל), נהר Mi 4:1 (‖ Is 2:2 אל), Je 31:12 (על …אל ), נגשׁ Ez 44:13 (‖אל), עלה 1 S 24:23, 2 S 19:1, 1 K 6:8 (‖אל), Ez 41:7, בא Je 14:3, 51:51, (על הר) הביא Is 66:20 (56:7 אל), ירד Je 36:12, הִטָּה Pr 21:1, הסיר 2 S 6:10 (‖ 1 Ch 13:13 אל), נתן Is 29:12 (v:11 אל) Mi 1:14, 3:5, Gn 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Nu 33:7, Je 11:10 (fig., עַל עֲוֹנוֹת), Ps 35:13, Jb 34:15 (Gn 3:19 אל), Pr 26:11, Ec 1:6, 1 K 17:21, 17:22 (cf. 1 S 30:12 אל), השׁתחוה Lv 26:11 (prob.), Is 60:14; pregn. Is 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֹד be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: cf. חוּשׁ עַל Jb 31:5 (fig.), also to requite עַל־חֵיק Is 65:6, 65:7 Kt. (Je 32:18, Ps 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Ps 90:16 (על …אל ). And as far as, unto (nearly = יַד) Gn 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֹעַל חִידוֹן, Jos 2:7, 18:13, 19:12, Je 31:39, Ez 47:18, 48:21, 48:28, Ps 48:11, 1 Ch 5:16.

(b) With אמר say to, 2 K 22:8, Je 18:11 (על …אל ), 22:6, 23:2, 23:35 (אל …על ), 36:29, 44:20 (על …אל ), דבר 1 S 1:13 (Gn 24:45 אל), 1 K 9:5, Ho 12:11, Je 6:10, 10:1, 11:2 (על …אל ), speak to 25:2 (אל …על ), 26:2, cf. Est 1:17, היה דבר י׳ Je 25:1, 1 Ch 22:8 cf. 11:10, ענה 2 S 19:43, קרא Is 34:14, 2 Ch 32:18, שִׁוַּע Ps 18:42, הֵרַע 1 K 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Pr 25:20, Jb 33:27, החליק Pr 29:5 ( Ps 36:3 אל), התפלל 1 S 1:10, כתב 2 Ch 30:1, Ezr 4:7, Est 8:8, שׁמע 2 K 20:13 ( = Is 39:2), 22:13, Je 23:16, 26:5, 35:18, Hg 1:12; v. also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל.

(c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, 2 S 14:l לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Mal 3:24, Ezr 6:22; Ct 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ (Gn 3:16, 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֹ על Jb 1:8 (2:3 אל), 1 S 25:25 (על …אל ); Je 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) ..., 1 Ch 12:17, 1 K 1:20, 2 Ch 20:12 עֵינֵינוּ כִּי עָלֶיְ (elsewhere אל), 1 K 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Ps 146:5 שִׂבְרוֹ על י׳; Is 10:25 וְאַפִּי על־תַּבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Je 32:31 (Gf Ew: cf. RV); cf. שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Is 17:7, 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.)

(d) With the force of over and towards (cf. 5 and 7 a b, end): Ps 65:5 נוֹרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Ps 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיְ עַל (Nu 6:25; אל); רָאָה עַל Ex 5:21; הוֹפִיעַ עַל Jb 10:3; וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Am 9:4 + (cf. Jb 14:3, 24:3, 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Ps 14:3 +.

d. In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Gn 34:25, 34:27, נֶאֱסַף v:30, קחף to be angry 40:2, לון to murmur Ex 15:24 עמד stand up Lv 19:16 +, קָם rise up Dt 19:11, Am 7:9, נלחם Dt 20:10, חנה 1 S 11:1, Ps 27:3, עלה 2 K 17:3, חרה אף Zc 10:3 (usu. בְּ), שׁפך סללה Is 37:33, חוּר besiege Dt 20:12, חשׁב to devise Gn 50:20, Je 11:19, דִּבֶּר Dt 13:6 +, etc.: add Jb 16:4, 16:4, 16:9, 16:10, 16:13, 19:12, 21:27, 30:12, etc.; היה על 2 S 11:23, Nu 31:3: הִנְנִי לַיִךְ (v. la, 4); note also Ju 9:31, 20:5: without a verb Is 9:20; Ju 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּגוֹרָל Against it by lot !

8. By writers of the silver age, על is sts. used with the force of a dative, 1 Ch 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֹב (in classical Heb. בְּעֵינֵיכֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֹבNe 2:5, 2:7, Est 1:19, 3:9, 5:4, 5:8, 7:3, 8:5, 9:13 (cf. in Aram. Ezr 5:17, 7:18); עַל שָׁפַר Ps 16:6 (cf. in Aram. Dn 4:24); עָרַב עַל Ps 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע לְ Ec 2:17 (v. De; cf. בְּאֵשׁ עַל Dn 6:15): comp. Jb 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, 33:23; also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: v. גמל), Ne 5:19 עשׂה על, 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezr 7:28, 9:9 (Gn 39:21 אל): 1 S 20:8 rd. prob. עם for על. Cf. Mish. חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syr. ܥܰܠ ܪܚܺܝܡ, ܥܰܠ ܡܩܰܒܰܠ, pleasant, acceptable to.—Comp. in gen. the uses of عَلَي, W:AG ii. § 59.

9. With other particles:—עַל אַחֲרֵי Ez 41:15; עַל בֵּין Ez 19:11 (cf. אל 31:10, 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ez 40:15; עַל מֵעַל Ez 41:17 (txt. dub.), v:20; עַל עֵבֶר Ex 25:37 (cf. אל Ez 1:9, 1:12); עַל־בָּ֫כָה Est 9:26 (v. p. 462).—On עַל־יַר, עַל־יְדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַל־פְּנֵי, v. יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

III. As conj.: a. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that…(cf. above, II 1 f b), Ex 32:35 and י׳ plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Nu 20:24, Dt 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so 1 K 9:9, Je 16:11, 22:9), 32:51, 32:51, 1 S 24:6, 2 S 3:30, 6:8, 8:10, 12:6, Ps 119:49 +.

b. yKi l[; similar in meaning, but less frequent: † Dt 31:17, Ju 3:12, Je 4:28, Mal 2:14, Ps 139:14.

c. עַל alone: (a) because, † Gn 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Ps 119:136 עַל לאֹ. (b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, † Is 53:9 חָמָס עָשָׂה עַל לאֹ although he did no violence, Jb 16:7 עַל לאֹ חָמָס בְּכַפָָּי.

IV. Compounds:—1. with כְּ (rare and late), a. as concerning, as uponPs 119:14 כְּעַל כָּל־הוֹן, 2 Ch 32:19. b. (pleon. for כְּ), † Is 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֹת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the anal. of כְּ Nu 15:15, Ho 4:9: v. כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Is 63:7 according to.

2. מֵעַל:304 from upon, from over, from by—used with much delicacy of application in many different connexions, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usu. with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Gn 4:14, 6:7, 7:4, Ex 32:l2, Dt 6:15, 28:21, 28:63 + oft,. esp. Je and compiler of K; to be lifted up הארץ מעל Gn 7:17, Ez 1:19, 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Gn 8:3, 8:7, 8:11, 8:13; to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵד 29:3; of the cloud departing האהל מעל Nu 9:17, 12:10, cf. Ne 9:19; to rise up הַכִּסֵּא מֵעַל Ju 3:20, 1 K 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֹ 2 S 11:2; to alight (נָפַל)מֵעַל הַגָּמָל Gn 24:64 (cf. Jos 15:18 חנח, 1 S 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Ju 4:15, 2 K 5:21 (נפל); to take מֵעַל ראֹשׁ Gn 40:19, 2 S 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lv 16:12, Nu 17:11, Is 6:6; to see מֵעַל הַגָּנ 2 S 11:2; to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֹמָה v:20, v:24; to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Ex 25:22, Nu 7:89; to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Dt 9:17, Lv 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (חוארך) מעל שׁכמך Gn 27:40, Is 10:27, Je 28:10, 28:11; to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּל־פָּנִים Is 25:8; to take a bandage מעל עיניו 1 K 20:41 (cf. על v:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament., as Gn 38:14, 38:19 וַתָּסַר חְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Ex 33:5 הוֹרֵד עֶדְיְְ מֵעָלֶיְ, a sandal Ex 3:5, Jos 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֹ Gn 41:42; to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Is 34:16, Je 36:11 (cf. כתב על ספד above); pregn. with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Dt 8:4, 29:4, cf. of the bones or skin in disease Jb 30:17 עֲחָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָָי are pierced (and drop) from off me, v:30 עוֹרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; fig. 1 S 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵח מֵעָלַיִח remove thy wine from off thee; Nu 14:9 סָר חִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Ju 16:19, 16:20 סר מעליו י׳ (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson's strength), 1 S 16:23 (cf. על in v:16).

b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Ex 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶת־הַמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Nu 21:7, 25:8 וַתֵּעָחַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר׳ 2 S 24:21, 24:25), Ps 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעְֶָ, Jb 9:34, 13:21, Jo 2:20; of reproach Jos 5:9, Is 25:8, Ps 119:22, iniquity Ez 18:31, Zc 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 1 K 2:31, wrath Ju 8:3, Nu 25:11, Pr 24:18, murmurings Nu 17:21; 17:25; הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Ex 18:22 +; Am 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַיהֲמוֹן שִׁירֶיְ; pregn. Jon 1:11, 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (v. פָּנִים); 1 S 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ—not merely ‘from us,’ but—from upon us (relieving us of his presence), so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 2 S 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֹאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, 20:21 וְאֵעלכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v:22, 2 K 18:14, esp. with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה 1 K 15:19, Je 21:2, 37:5, 37:11 +; 2 S 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Ne 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, cf. Gn 13:11, 25:6, Nu 20:21 מֵעָלָיו וַיֵּט ישׂר׳, 2 Ch 20:10; Ex 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 2 S 13:17 שׁלחו־נא את־זאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

c. From beside (cf. על 6 c), in different nuances: Gn 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., 35:13; 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (cf. על v:5), 42:24, Nu 16:25, 16:27; 1 K 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (cf. על 13:1; 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Gn 45:1 (cf. על ib.), Ju 3:19 וְיֵּחְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּל־הָעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1 S 17:15 (v. Dr), 2 S 13:9, cf.1 S 13:8, 13:11, 2 K 25:5 (Je 36:21 rd. עַל, מ being dittogr.), cf. 2 Ch 35:15; from attachment to, רָחַק מֵעַל י׳ Je 2:5, Ez 11:15, 44:10, cf. 8:6, סָר מֵעַל י׳ Je 32:40, Ez 6:9, תָּעָה מֵעַל י׳ Ez 44:10, 44:15, cf. 14:5, Dt 13:11; also סָר מֵעַל חַטּאֹות 2 K 10:31, 15:18 (usu. מֵחטאות), cf. Ez 14:6, 23:18; from companionship with, Jb 19:13 אַחַי מֵעַלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly 1 S 28:15 וֵאלֽהִים סָר מֵעַלַי, v:16 (cf. על Ps 110:5; and v. Dr); from adhesion to 2 K 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית תָּוִד, Is 7:17, 56:6 יַבְדִּילַנִי מֵעַל עַמּוֹ י׳, Hos 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֽהֶיְ.

d. In late Heb., = עַל above: 2 K 25:28 נָתַן כִּסְאוֹ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו׳ (‖ Je 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Est 3:1, Ps 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (‖ 57:11 עַד), 148:4, Ec 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Ne 3:28, 8:5, 2 Ch 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶם on high above them; Ez 41:17, 41:20.—Pr 14:14 rd. with De Now Str וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.

e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleon. for עַל, or else = the more class. syn. מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Gn 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ez 1:26 מִמַּעַל לְ׳), Ez 1:25 (txt. dub.; v. Comm.), 1 S 17:39, Jon 4:6, Mal 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond, 2 Ch 13:4 upon, mount Zemaraim, 24:20. (b) beside 2 Ch 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Ne 12:31, 12:31, 12:37, 12:38, 12:38, 12:39 dub.: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in v:31, v:38a upon, in v:37, v:38b, v:39 by the side of (an ... vorüber).

759

†I. עַלְוָה transp. fr. עַוְלָה (q.v.) Ho 10:9. p.732

†II. עַלְוָה n.pr.m. in Edom Gn 36:40 (P) = 1 Ch 1:51 Qr (Kt עליה), LXX Γωλα; LXXL:Chr Αλουα.

עַלְוָן n.pr.m. in Edom Gn 36:23 (P), LXX Γωλων, Γωλαμ = 1 Ch 1:40 Qr (Kt עלין), LXX Σωλαμ, A Ιωλαμ, LXXL Αλουαν.

† [עָלַז] vb. exult (‖ form of עלץ q.v.; cf. Ph. n.pr.lm. נבעלז);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲלֽז Ps 96:12; 1 s. וָאֶעְלֽז Je 15:17; אֶעֱלָֽוָה Ps 60:8, 108:8; 3 mpl. יַעְלְזוּ 149:5, יַעֲָלֽזוּ, Je 51:39, Ps 94:3, etc.; Imv. fs. עָלְזִי Zp 3:14; mpl. עִלְזוּ Ps 68:5; Inf. cstr. לַעֲלוֹז Is 23:12; —exult, triumph is 23:12, Je 15:17; of Isr.'s foes 2 S 1:20, Je 50:11(‖שׂמח), of wicked Ps 94:3, Je 11:15; of Isr. Zp 3:14 ( + שִׂמְחִי), אֶע׳ בְּי׳, Hb 3:18 in י׳ will I exult (‖אָגִילָה), Ps 149:5; לְפָנָיו ע׳ 68:5; subj. לִבִּי 28:7, כִּלְיוֹתָָי Pr 23:16; fig. of field Ps 96:12 (‖רָנַן); of י׳ Ps 60:8 = 108:8.

עָלֵז adj. exultant, jubilant; as n. Is 5:14.

† [עַלִּיז] adj. exultant, jubilant (on form cf. Lag:BN 110);—fs. עַלִּיזָה jubilant city Is 22:2 (‖עִיר הֹמִיָּה), 32:13, cf. Zp 2:15 and (city om.) Is 23:7; of pers., pl. שְׁאוֹן עַלִּיזִים 24:8; cstr. עַלִּיזֵי גַּאֲוָתִי 13:3, cf. Zp 3:11, v. גַּאֲוָה.

עֲלָטָה n.f. thick darkness (NH עֲלָטָה (rare); acc. to Ba:ES 5 transp. fr. Ar. غَطَلَ [be cloudy]; غَئطَلَةُ darkness);—abs. ע׳, attending sunset Gn 15:17 (c. vb. masc.; Albr:ZAW xv (1895), 325 Kö:Synt. § 350 e rd. הָֽיְתָה); בַּע׳ Ez 12:7 (‖בָּעֶרֶב), v:6, v:12.

עֵלִי, עֱלִי, עִלִּי, עֲלִיָּה, עֶלְיוֹן v. עלה. p. 750f

עֲלֵי v. עַל. עַלְיָה, עַלְיָן v. עלוה, עלוז.p.752

† I. [עָלַל] vb. Poï‘ēl, act severely (toward) (NH id., deal with (rare), and deriv.; Ar. عَلَّ do a thing (drink, beat, give) a second time, II. divert, occupy, v. divert, occupy oneself with (food, a woman, etc.); Syr. ܥܶܠܬܳܐ cause, occasion, affair);—act severely, alw. c. ל pers.: Pf. 2 ms. עוֹלַלְתָּ לִי La 1:22 as thou hast acted severely to me (in punishment, subj. י׳); לְמִי ע׳ 2:20 to whom hast thou acted thus severely ? 3 fs. עֵינִי עוֹלְלָה לְנַפְשִׁי 3:51 my eye deals severely with me, i.e. gives me pain (?; text dub.; cf. Perles:Anal.18 Bu). Imv. ms. עוֹלֵל לָמוֹ La 1:22 deal severely with them.—Vid. also ע׳ denom. infr. Pōï‘al Pf. 3 ms. מַכְאֹבִי אֲשֶׁר עוֹלַל לִי La 1:12 my pain which is severely dealt out to me. Hithpa. Pf.

1. busy, divert oneself with (cf. Ar. v.), alw. c. ב pers.: 1 S. אֶת־אֲשֶׁר חִתְעַלַּלְתִּי בְּ׳ Ex 10:2 (J) how I [י׳] have made a toy of Egypt; esp. deal wantonly, ruthlessly with (ב pers.): 3 ms. הִתְעַלֵּל 1 S 6:6; 2 fs. הִתְעַלַּלְתְּ Nu 22:29 (JE; Balsaam's ass); 3 pl. וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ consec. 1 S 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4, Je 38:19; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעַלְּלוּקּבָהּ Ju 19:25 (of abusing a woman; ‖וַיֵּדְעוּ אֹתָהּ). Hithpōï‘. Inf. cstr. לֵהִתְעוֹלֵל עֲלִלוֹר Ps 141:4 to practise practices in wickedness (perhaps denom.).

760

עוֹלֵלוֹת n. f. pl. intens. gleaning (going over a second time);—gleaning (of grapes and olives; לֶקֶט of grain), always fig. of remnant: abs. ע׳ Is 17:6 (‖כְּנֹקֶף זַיִת), 24:13 (sim.; ‖ id., + בָּחִיר), Je 49:9 (cf. בֹּחְרִים v:a) = Ob:5 (id.); cstr. עֹלִלֽת בָּחִיר Mi 7:1; fig. of warlike achievement עֹלְלוֹת אֶפְרַיִם Ju 8:2 (opp. בָּחִיר).

† [עָלַל] vb. denom. Pōï‘. glean (grapes or olives; לִפֵּט of grain);—Impf. 2 ms. תְּעוֹלֵל Lv 19:10 (obj. כֶּרֶם; ‖תְּלַפֵּט), Dt 24:21 (abs., + אַחֲרֶיְ); 3 mpl. fig. (+ Inf. abs.) עוֹלֵל יְעוֹלְלוּ כַגֶּפֶן שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל Je 6:9; וַיְעֹלְלֻהוּ Ju 20:45 they made a gleaning of them (i. e. smote the fugitives).

עֲלִילָה n. f. wantonness, deed;—abs. ע׳ Ps 14:1, 66:5; elsewh. pl. עֲלִלוֹת 1 S 2:3, Ps 141:4; cstr. עֲלִילֽת Dt 22:14, 22:17; sf. עֲלִילוֹתֶיְ Ps 77:13, עֲלִילוֹתָם Zp 3:7 +, etc.;—

1. wantonness, דְּבָרִים ע׳ Dt 22:14, 22:17 wantonness of words, i.e. baseless charges (cf. Di, esp. Dr).

2. deed: a. in gen., of men 1 S 2:3. b. of י׳ (only PsalmPsalm) Ps 9:12 = 105:1 = Is 12:4 = 1 Ch 16:8, Ps 77:13 (‖פָּעֳלְֶָ), 78:11 (‖נִפְלְאוֹתָיו), 103:7; עַל נוֹרָא ע׳ 66:5 he is terrible in deed toward, etc. c. usu. practices = evil deeds (esp. Ez 8 t.): Ez 14:22, 14:23, 20:43, 24:14, 36:17, 36:19 (all ‖דֶּרֶח), fully הַנִּשְׁחָתוֹת ע׳ 20:44 (‖הָרָעִים ד׳); 21:29, Zp 3:11; הִשְׁחִיתוּ כָּל־ע׳ v:7.

עֲלִילִיָּה n. f. (Kö:ii. 1, 204) deed;—of י׳, רַבהָע׳ Je 32:19 (‖גְּדֹל הָעֵחָה); but rd. prob. הָעֲלִילָה.

† [מַעֲלָל]:41 n. m.:Ne 9:35 deed, practice;—only pl. מַעֲלָלִים 1 S 25:3; cstr. מַעַלְלֵי Ps 77:12, 78:1; sf. מַעֲלָלֶיְ Dt 28:20, מַעֲלָלָיו Ho 4:9 +, מַעַלְלֵיכֶם Is 1:16 +, מַעַלְלֵיהֶם 3:10 +, etc.;—

1. usu. (esp. Je 17 t.) bad practices of men, רַע מַעֲלָלִים 1 S 25:3 he was evil in his practices; Ju 2:19 (‖דֶּרֶח), Ho 5:5, 7:2, Is 3:8, Je 11:18, Ps 106:29, 106:39 (‖מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם); הָרָעִים מ׳ Ne 9:35; רֹעַ מ׳ the evil of your (their, etc.) practices Ho 9:15, Is 1:16, Je 4:4, 21:12 (sf. 3 mpl. Kt, 2 mpl. Qr), +; הָרָעִים מ׳ Zc 1:4 Qr (+ הָרָעִים ד׳; Kt מעליליהם), אֲשֶׁר לאֹ טוֹבִים מ׳ Ez 36:31 (+ id.); הֵרֵעוּ מ׳ Mi 3:4; פְּרִי מ׳, i.e. their consequences, Is 3:10, Je 17:10, 21:14, 32:19 (+ דֶּרֶח).

2. deeds of י׳ Ps 77:12, of אֵל 78:7; cf. Mi 2:7.

3. acts, in gen., of youth Pr 20:11 (‖פָּעֳלוֹ).

[מעליל], מעליליהם Zc 1:4 Kt, v. foreg.

1.

תַּעֲלוּלִים n. m. pl. abstr. wantonness, caprice;—יִמְשְׁלוּ בָם ת׳ Is 3:4 caprice shall rule over them; sf. תַּעֲלֻלֵיהֶם 66:4 their wanton dealing, i.e. that inflicted on them.

II. עלל (√ of foll.; poss. = I. עלל (Kö:ii. 1, 106) whence child as capricious, mischievous, but dub.; > foll. fr. עוּל; in either case orig. meaning quite forgotten; prob. distinct √, meaning unknown).

עוֹלֵל, עוֹלָל n. m.:La 2:19 child;—abs. עוֹלֵל 1 S 15:3 +, עוֹלָל Je 6:11, 9:20; usu. pl. עוֹלְלִים Ps 8:3, עֹלְלִים Jb 3:16, עוֹלָלִים La 4:4, Jo 2:16; cstr. עֹלְלֵי La 2:20; sf. עֹלָלַיִח Ps 137:9, עֹלָלֶיהָ Mi 2:9 +, עֹלְלֵיהֶם 2 K 8:2 +, etc.;—child Mi 2:9, La 2:19, 2:20, 4:4; + יוֹנֵק (sts. disting. from men and women), 1 S 15:3, 22:19, Ps 8:3, Je 44:7, La 2:11, Jo 2:16, ‖בַּחוּרִים Je 6:11, 9:20; ‖בָּנִים Ps 17:14 (heirs of father); dashed in pieces (רטשׁ) by foe 2 K 8:12, Ho 14:1, Na 3:10, Is 13:16, cf. Ps 137:9 (נִפֵּץ); taken captive La 1:5; stillborn Jb 3:16.

† [עָלַל] vb. denom. act or play the child;—only Pōï‘. Pt. עַמִּי נֹגְשָׂיו מְעוֹלֵל Is 3:12 my people—its ruler is acting the child.

†III. [עָלַל] vb. insert, thrust in (Ar. غَلَّ, whence غُلُّ yoke; cf. OAram. עלל, Targum עֲלַל, Syr. ܥܰܠ, all enter);—only Pōï‘. Pf. 1 S. וְעֹלַלְתִּי בֶעָפָר קַרְנִי Jb 16:15 fig. of humiliation.

עֹל:39 n. m.:1 K 12:4 yoke;—ע׳ abs. Ho 11:4 +; cstr. Is 9:3 +; sf. עֻלֵח Je 2:20, Is 47:6, עֻלּוֹ Gn 27:40 +, עֻלְּכֶם 1 K 12:11, etc.;—yoke, for cattle, עָלָה עֲלֵיהֶם ע׳ 1 S 6:7, cf. Nu 19:2 (P), מָֽשְׁכָה בְּע׳ Dt 21:3; usu. fig. of servitude 1 K 12:4, 12:10, 12:11, 12:11, 12:14, 12:14 = 2 Ch 10:4, 10:10, 10:11, 10:11, 10:14; עַל נָתַן ע׳ 1 K 12:4, 12:9 = 2 Ch 10:4, 10:9; וְנָתַן ע׳ בַּרְזֶל עַל־חַוָּארְֶָ Dt 28:48, so Je 28:14; עַל־זָקִן הִכְבַּדְתְּ ע׳ Is 47:6; also אֶת־חַוָּארוֹ בְּעֹל (הֵבִיא)נָתַן Je 27:8, 27:11, 27:12; שָׁבַר ע׳ break the yoke Je 2:20, 5:5, 28:2, 28:4, 28:11, 30:8 ( + מֵעַל ח׳), so מֹטֹת ע׳ Lv 26:13 (H), Ez 34:27 (v. מוֹטָה); פָּרַק ע׳ Gn 27:40 (J; + מֵעַל ח׳); הֵחֵת ע׳ Is 9:3; cf. הֵרִים ע׳ Ho 11:4; also מֵעַל ח׳ יָסוּר ע׳ Is 10:27, and 14:25; fig. of transgressions La 1:14, del. ע׳ LXX Vulgate Löhr Bu, but read עֹל v:b (v. id.); of hardship, נָשָׂא ע׳ 3:27.

עֲלִיל appar. n.[m.], only כֶּסֶף חָרוּף בַּע׳ לָאָרֶץ Ps 12:7, usu. (after Targum כּוּרָא) furnace, crucible (Hup fr. III. עלל; De al. workshop, fr. I. עלל) but wholly dub.; NH openly Levy:NHWB iii. 654; Che Du del. as gloss; cf. discussion Che: Expos. T. viii. 236, 336 Ne:ib. 287, 379.

761

† I. [עָלַם] vb. conceal (NH id., der. spec.);—Qal Pt. pass עֲלֻמֵנוּ Ps 90:8 as subst. our secret, i.e. hidden sin (‖עֲוֹנֹת). Niph. Pf. be concealed, of wisdom, 3 fs. נֶעֶלְמָה מֵעֵינֵי Jb 28:21; of a fact or condition, נֶעְלַם 2 Ch 9:2, וְנ׳ consec. Lv 5:2, 5:3, 5:4 (all c. מִן pers.), מֵעֵינֵי וְנ׳ Lv 4:13, Nu 5:13 (all P); Pt.

1. נֶעְלָם concealed, c. הָיָה in periphrastic conjug. 1 K 10:3 (מִן pers.); abs. כָּל־נֶעְלָם Ec 12:14.

2. fs. תְּהִי נַעֲלָמָה Na 3:11 mayest thou become obscured (as to the senses; fig. for swoon), but very doubtful, read perhaps נעלפה ? [Dr].

3. pl. נַעֲלָמִים Ps 26:4 those who conceal themselves, i.e. their thoughts; dissemblers (‖מְתֵי שָׁוְא). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעְלִים 2 K 4:27; 3 pl. הֶעְלִימוּ Ez 22:26; Impf. 2 ms. תַּעְלִים Ps 10:1, תַּעְלֵם La 3:56; 3 mpl. יַעְלִימוּ Lv 20:4, etc.; Inf. abs. הַעְלֵם v:4; Pt. מַעְלִים Jb 42:3, Pr 28:27; —conceal, hide, c. מִן pers. 2 K 4:27 (‖לאֹ הִגִּיד לִי); usu. hide the eyes from (מִן), i.e. disregard Is 1:15, Ez 22:26, וגו׳ הַעְלֵם יַע׳ Lv 20:4, מִן om. Pr 28:27; hide the eyes by (ב) a bribe 1 S 12:3 (i.e. pervert justice, but v. I. עַיִן 3 d); hide (cover) the ear La 3:56 (turn a deaf ear); hide (obscure) counsel (עֵחָה) Jb 42:3; לָמָה תַּע׳ Ps 10:1 why dost thou [י׳] hide, sc. thine eyes (so most), or practise concealment (= hide thyself)? Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. consec. וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ מֵהֶם Dt 22:1, 22:4 and thou hide thyself completely from them (utterly neglect to aid), so Inf. cstr. (מֵהֶם om.) לְהִתְעַלֵּם v:3; so also Impf. c. מִן, תִּתְעַלַּם Ps 55:2, תִּתְעַלָָּם Is 58:7; once lit. יִתְעַלֶּם־שָָׁלֶג Jb 6:16 wherein snow hides itself.

תַּעֲלֻמָּהַ n. f. hidden thing, secret (so, c. הַ, van d. H. Bu, הּ- Baer Ginsb);—תּ׳ what is hidden Jb 28:11; pl. cstr. תַּעֲלֻמוֹת חָכְמָה Jb 11:6 secrets of wisdom, לֵב תּ׳ Ps 44:22.

עַלְמוֹן n. pr. loc. (cf. Sab. n. pr. עלמן Hal:192);—priestly city in Benj. Jos 21:18 (P), LXX Γαμαλα, A Αλμων, LXXL Ελμων; = עָלֶמֶת in ‖ 1 Ch 6:45 (LXX Γαλεμεθ, LXXL Αλαμωθ); mod. ï‘ Almît, c. 1 hour NE. of Jerusalem, v. Buhl:Geogr. 175.

עַלְמוֹן דִּבְלָתָָיְמָה n. pr. loc. in Moab, Nu 33:46, 33:47 (P), LXX Γελμων Δεβλαθαιμ; = בֵּית ד׳ q. v.

עֲלָמוֹת, עַל־מוּת etc., v. עַלְמָה sub II. עלם. below

עָלֶ֫מֶת

1. n. pr. m. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:36, 9:42, עָלָָמֶת 7:8; LXX Σαλαμαιθ, Γαλεμαθ, Αλαμωθ, etc.

2. n. pr. loc. (= עַלְמוֹן q. v.) 1 Ch 6:45 Baer Ginsb (van d. H. עַלֶּמֶת).

יַעְלָם n. pr. m. Edomite Gn 36:5, 36:14, 36:18 = 1 Ch 1:35, Ιεγλομ.

II. עלם (√ of foll.; perh. orig. be mature (sexually); Aram. עֲלֵם be strong, ܥܰܠܶܡ rejuvenate (certainly denom.), Ar. غَلِمَ be lustful (id.); cf. Sab. עַלם, עַלמן young man CIS:iv. pp. 30, 42, Ar. غُلَامُ id.; Ph. עלמת girl; Nab. Palm. עלם, עלים slave, Palm. fpl. harlots; Targum עוּלֵּימָא, עוּלֵּמְתָּא Syr. ܥܠܰܝܡܳܐ, ܥܠܰܝܡܬܳܐ young man, young woman).

עֶ֫לֶם n. m. young man;—ע׳ abs. 1 S 20:22, הָעָָלֶם 17:56; ע׳; prob. also v:42, 16:12 (for MT עִם) Gr Krenkel:ZAW ii (1882), 309 Bu HPS.

עַלְמָה n. f. young woman (ripe sexually; maid or newly married);—ע׳ Gn 24:43 (J), Ex 2:8 (E), Pr 30:19, Is 7:14; pl. עֲלָמוֹת Ps 68:26, Ct 1:3, 6:8; עַל־עֲלָמוֹת to (the voice of) young women, either lit., or of soprano or falsetto of boys: 1 Ch 15:20, Ps 9:1 (rd. עַל־עֲלָמוֹת לַבֵּן [for עַל־מוּת לַבֵּן], ‘ voce virginea a pueris decantandum, ’ Thes), 46:1, 48:15 (rd. עַל־עֲלָמוֹת [for עַל־מוּת]; tr. prob. to 49:1).

† [עֲלוּמִים] n. pl. abstr. youth, youthful vigour;—only sf. עֲלוּמָיו Jb 20:11 Qr (Kt עֲלוּמוֹ); עֲלוּמָיו Ps 89:46, Jb 33:25; עֲלוּמַיִח Is 54:4.

III. עלם (√ of foll., meaning dub.; cf. NH עוֹלָם (chiefly world, age); MI:7, MI:10 עלם, Ph. id., Aram. עָֽלְמָא, ܥܳܠܡܳܐ, Nab. עלם, Palm. עלמא; Ar. عَْلَمُ creation, world, etc.; Eth. 94lam: aevum, saeculum, etc.; acc. to Thes al. from I. עלם the hidden, cf. Kö:ii. 1:87; Lag:BN 115 cp. quadril. عألم primitive waters; Ew:§ 77 a cp. Eth. 9lat: time [√ Di:923]; Ba:ZMG xliv (1890), 685 cp. As. ullûti, ullâ [ullânu, remote time], cf. Dl:HWB 65 Jen:ZA vii).

עוֹלָם:439 n. m. long duration, antiquity, futurity;—ע׳ Gn 9:12 + 405 t.; עֹלָם 3:22 + 19 t.; עֵילוֹם 2 Ch 33:7, rd. prob. עוֹלָם (for other explan. v. note in Kit:Hpt); sf. עֹלָמוֹ Ec 12:5; pl. עוֹלָמִים Is 26:4 + 7 t., עֹלָמִים Ps 145:13 + 2 t.; cstr. עוֹלְמֵי Is 45:17; —†

1. of past time: a. ancient time: יְמֵי ע׳ days of old Is 63:9, 63:11, Am 9:11, Mi 5:1, 7:14, Mal 3:4; יְמוֹת ע׳ Dt 32:7; עַם ע׳ Is 44:7 ancient people; גּוֹי מֵע׳ Je 5:l5; חָרְבוֹת ע׳ old waste places Is 58:12, 61:4, cf. Ez 26:20 b; פִּתְחֵי ע׳ ancient gates Ps 24:7, 24:9; ארח ע׳ Jb 22:15; נתבות ע׳ Je 6:16; שְׁבִילֵי ע׳ 18:15; גבול ע׳ Pr 22:28, 23:10; במות ע׳ Ez 36:2; ע׳(מֵ)מִן from of old Is 64:3, Je 2:20, Jo 2:2, of the fathers Jos 24:2, the prophets Je 28:8, the ancient נפלים Gn 6:4; (Ez 32:27 LXX Co for מערלים; but 1 S 27:8 read מִטֵּלָם for מעולם We Dr HPS); בהם ע׳ long in them Is 64:4 (text dub.). b. מֵתֵי ע׳ the long dead Ps 143:3, La 3:6; so עַם ע׳ Ez 26:20. c. of God, מֵע׳: former acts Is 46:9; as redeemer Is 63:16; of love Ps 25:6, judgment 119:52, dominion Is 63:19; long silence 42:14, 57:11; his wisdom personif. Pr 8:23; his existence Ps 93:2. d. of things: גבעות ע׳ ancient hills Gn 49:26 (J), Hb 3:6 (‖הררי־עד), Dt 33:15 (‖הררי קדם). e. pl. שְׁנוֹת עולמים Ps 77:6 years of ancient times; דורות עולמים Is 51:9; לעלמים Ec 1:10 = in olden times.

2. a. indef. futurity, c. prep. for ever, always (sts. = during the lifetime); עֶבֶד עולם slave for ever Dt 15:17, 1 S 27:12, Jb 40:28; עָבַד לע׳ serve for ever Ex 21:6 (E), Lv 25:46; עד ע׳ 1 S 1:22; גְּאֻלַּת ע׳ Lv 25:32 redemption at any time; הֲרַת ע׳ Je 20:17 ever pregnant (womb); כְּלִמַּת ע׳ v:11 of persecutors of Jeremiah; חרפת ע׳ 23:40; שַׁלְוֵי ע׳ Ps 73:12 alway at ease; יְחִי לע׳ (יחיה) may the king live alway 1 K 1:31, Ne 2:3; cf. אֹרֶח יָמִים עולם ועד Ps 21:5; ישׁד עולם לפני אלהים 61:8; so of the pious, לא ימוט לע׳ 15:5; בל ימוט Pr 10:30, cf. Ps 30:7; other phr.: Ps 37:27, 37:28, 41:13, 55:23, 61:8, 73:26, 121:8, Pr 10:25; אשׁירה ע׳ Ps 89:2 I will sing for ever (as long as I live), cf. 52:10, 115:18, 145:1, 145:2; הוֹדה ע׳ 30:13, 44:9, 52:11, 79:13; other emotions and activities continuous through life 5:12, 31:2 = 71:1, 75:10, 86:12, 119:44, 119:93, 119:98, 119:111, 119:112, Mi 4:5, cf. לע׳ 2:9. b. = continuous existence, (1) of things: the earth, הָאָרֶץ לְעוֹלָם עֹמֶדֶת Ec 1:4; other phr.: Ps 78:69, 104:5, heavens and contents 148:6, ruined cities Is 25:2, 32:14, Ez 26:21, 27:36, 28:19, ruined lands Je 18:16, 25:9, 25:12, 49:13, 49:33, 51:26, 51:62, Ez 35:9, Zp 2:9; לעד עד ע׳ Is 30:8 for a witness for ever, in a book; (2) of nations: לעולם אהיה 47:7 (Babylon loqu.), cf. Ps 81:16, Ob:10; ישׁב לע׳ of Judah Jo 4:20; (3) families Ps 49:12, Is 14:20; the dynasty of Saul 1 S 13:13; house of Eli 2:30; (4) national relations: איבת ע׳ continual enmity Ez 25:15, 35:5; of exclusion from קהל י׳, עד ע׳ Dt 23:4 = Ne 13:1; various relations Is 32:17, 34:10; חרפת ע׳ perpetual reproach Ps 78:66, of dynasty of David 2 S 3:28, 12:10, 1 K 2:33, families v:33, 2 K 5:27, Ps 106:31, Je 35:6. c. of divine existence: אל עולם Gn 21:33 (J); אלהי ע׳ Is 40:28; חי אנכי לע׳ Dt 32:40; חֵי הע׳ Dn 12:7; of divine name, זה שׁמי לְע׳ Ex 3:15 (E), cf. 2 Ch 33:7 (v. supr.); blessing and praise of it 2 S 7:26 = 1 Ch 17:24, Ps 72:19, 135:13; of י׳ himself 89:53; attributes, אהבה Je 31:3, 1 K 10:9; חסד Is 54:8, Ps 89:2, 138:8; חַסְדּוֹ לע׳ 1 Ch 26:34, 26:41, 2 Ch 5:13, 7:3, 7:6, 20:21, Ezr 3:11, Ps 100:5, 106:1, 107:1, 118:1, 118:2, 118:3, 118:4, 118:29, 136:1 + 25 t., Je 33:11; כבוד Ps 104:31; אמת 117:2, 146:6; חדק 119:142; עחה 33:11; reign Ex 15:18 (E), Ps 10:16, 66:7, 92:9, 146:10, Je 10:10, Mi 4:7; ישׁב יהוה לע׳ Ps 9:8, 29:10, 102:13, La 5:19; presence in Zion 1 Ch 23:25, Is 33:14, 60:19, 60:20, Ez 37:28, 43:7, 43:9; his salvation Is 51:6, 51:8; זרעת ע׳ Dt 33:27 everlasting arms; כל אשׁר יעשׂה האלהים יהיה לע׳ Ec 3:14. d. of God's covenant: בְּרִית ע׳ everlasting covenant Gn 9:16, 17:7, 17:13, 17:19, Ex 31:16, Lv 24:8, Nu 18:19 (all P), 2 S 23:5, 1 Ch 16:17 = Ps 105:10, Is 24:5, 55:3, 61:8, Je 32:40, 50:5, Ez 16:60, 37:26; covenant with Noah, לְדֹרֹת ע׳ Gn 9:12 (P); God remembers it 1 Ch 16:15 = Ps 105:8, Ps 111:5; will not break it, לע׳ Ju 2:1; אוֹת ע׳ Ex 31:17 (P); אוֹת עד ע׳ Dt 28:46. e. of God's laws: (ים)דבר Is 59:21, Ps 119:89; משׁפט 119:160; עדות v:144, v:152; חק ע׳ Ex 29:28, 30:21 (E), Lv 6:11, 6:15, 7:34, 10:15, 24:9, Nu 18:8, 18:11, 18:19 (P), also Je 5:22 (of bounds of sea); חק עד ע׳ Ex 12:24 (J), חֻקַּת ע׳ v:14, v:17, 27:21, 28:43, 29:9, Lv 3:17, 7:36, 10:9, 16:29, 16:31, 16:34, 17:7, 23:14, 23:21, 23:31, 23:41, 24:3, 24:8, Nu 10:8, 15:15, 18:23, 19:10, 19:21 (P) (most of these in fact specif. Jewish and temporary); temple to bear God's name, עד ע׳ 1 K 9:3 = 2 Ch 7:16; לע׳ 2 K 21:7, 2 Ch 33:4; consecrated לע׳ 30:8; its ceremonies לע׳ 2:3; Levit. priesthood, לשׁרחו עד ע׳, 1 Ch 15:2; Aaronic priesthood, לברך בשׁמ׳ עד ע׳ 23:13, 23:13. f. of God's promises: his word, יקום לע׳ Is 40:8; promised dynasty of David, עד ע׳(ה) 2 S 7:13, 7:16, 7:16, 7:25 = 1 Ch 17:12, 17:14, 17:14, 17:23, Ps 18:51 = 2 S 22:51, 1 K 2:33, 2:45, 1 Ch 22:10, Ps 89:5; לע׳ 1 K 9:5, 1 Ch 28:4, 28:7, 2 Ch 13:5, Ps 89:29, 89:37, 2 S 7:29, 7:29 = 1 Ch 17:27, 17:27; of holy land 1 Ch 28:8, אֲחֻזַּת ע׳ Gn 17:8, 48:4, Lv 25:34 (P); given לע׳ Ex 32:13 (J) 2 Ch 20:7; עד ע׳ Gn 13:15, inherited לע׳ Is 60:21, Ps 37:18; עד ע׳ Is 34:17; dwelt in עד ע׳ Ez 37:25; other blessings, לע׳ Dt 5:26, Ho 2:21; עד ע׳ Dt 12:28, 2 S 7:24 = 1 Ch 17:22, Ps 133:3; שִׂמְחַת ע׳ Is 35:10, 51:11, 61:7; דֶּרֶח ע׳ Ps 139:24; שׁם ע׳ Is 56:5, 63:12; אות ע׳ 55:13; נאון ע׳ 60:15; Jerus. to abide לע׳ Je 17:25, Ps 125:1, cf. Je 31:40; עד ע׳ Ps 48:9. g. of relations between God and his people, לע׳ 1 Ch 29:18, Ps 45:18, 85:6, 103:9, 145:21, Is 57:16, Je 3:5, 3:12, La 3:31, Jo 2:26, 2:27; ע׳(ה)עד Ps 28:9, Mal 1:4. h. of Messianic dynasty and king: ע׳(ל) Ps 110:4; having divine throne 45:7; name endures 72:17; established 89:38; God blesses him 45:3; of his reign, מעתה ועד ע׳ Is 9:6. i. = indefinite, unending future: live לע׳ Gn 3:22 = Jb 7:16; יִחְיוּ הנביאים הלע׳ Zc 1:5 the prophets, can they live for ever ? cf. חדל לע׳ Ps 49:9; c. neg. never Ezr 9:12, Pr 27:24. j. after death: שׁנת ע׳ Je 51:39, 51:57; בית ע׳ Ec 12:5; חַיֵּי ע׳ Dn 12:2; דראון ע׳ v:2; also v:3, Jon 2:7, Ec 2:16, 9:6. k. = age (duration) of the world: את העלם נתן בְּלִבָּם Ec 3:11 the age of the world he hath set, etc. (cf. esp. NH; others i). 1. pl. intens. everlastingness, eternity: תשׁועת עולמים Is 45:17; חדק עלמים Dn 9:24; חור עולמים Is 26:4 (RVm rock of ages); מלכוּת כל עלמים Ps 145:13; also 61:5, 77:8, 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2. m. special phr.: עולם(ה)עד (ו)עולם (ה)מ (מן) from everlasting to everlasting, of י׳ Ps 90:2, חסד י׳ 103:17; benedictions 1 Ch 16:36 = Ps 106:48, Ne 9:5, 1 Ch 29:10, Ps 41:14; the land given למן עולם ועד עולם Je 7:7, 25:5; מעתה ועד עולם from now and for ever Ps 115:18, 121:8 (i.e. as long as one lives); of people's hope in God 131:3; dynasty of David Is 9:6; of God's acts, words, etc. Mi 4:7, Is 59:21, Ps 125:2, cf. 113:2; —v. further I. עַד p. 723.

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עֵילוֹם v. עוֹלָם. עֲלָמוֹת v. עַלְמָה, II. עלם. p. 761

עַל־מוּת, עַל־מוּת לַבֵן v. עַלְמָה, II. עלם. p. 761

† [עָלַס] vb. rejoice (‖ with עָלַז, עָלַץ, q. v.; NH עֲלִיסָה rejoicing (once Levy:NHWB iii. 657));—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲלֽס Jb 20:18 he shall not rejoice. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נֶעֱלָָסָה Jb 39:13 (of ostrich's wing) = flap joyously. Hithp. Impf. 1 pl. cohort. נִתְעַלְּסָה Pr 7:18 let us delight ourselves in (ב) love.

† [עָלַע] vb. assumed as √ of Pi. Impf. 3 mpl. יְעַלְעוּ־דָָם Jb 39:30 they drink (?) blood, but rd. prob. יְלַעְלְעוּ (√ I. לוּעַ) Thes Ol De Me Di al.

† [עָלַף] vb. cover (NH id., cover, faint; Ar. غَلَفَ smear, II. cover, غِلَافُ sheath; As. elpitu, pining, exhaustion);—Pu. Pt.. f. covered, encrusted, cstr. מְעֻלֶּפֶת Ct 5:14 his belly if ivory encrusted with sapphires. Pf. 3 pl. בָּנַיִח עֻלְּפוּ Is 51:20 thy sons are enshrouded, enwrapped, i.e. their senses obscured = have swooned away; so also Ez 31:15, rdg. 3 fs. עֻלָָּפָה for subst. עֻלְפֶּה (Kö:ii. 1, 118), all the trees have fainted for (עַל) him (so LXX SyrVer Vulgate Hi Co al.). Hithp. enwrap oneself, Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְעַלָָּף Gn 38:14 (J); = swoon away, 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַלָָּף Jon 4:8; 3 fpl. תִּתְעַלַּפְנָה Am 8:13.

עֻלְפֶּה Ez 31:15 v. foregoing.

עָלַץ vb. rejoice, exult (NH id. (rare); Hiph. Impf. יעליחו Ecclus 40:20; As. elêṣu, exult; Sab. מעלץ joys CIS:iv, No. 197:1, 197:5, 197:7; v. also עלז, עלס);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. לִבִּי בְּי׳ ע׳ 1 S 2:1 my heart exulteth in י׳; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲלֽץ הַשָּׂדֶה 1 Ch 16:32 the field exulteth; cf. 3 fs. תַּעֲלֽץ קִרְיָה Pr 11:10 (‖רנן); 1 S. אֶעֶלְחָה בָָּח Ps 9:3 (i.e. in י׳; + שׂמח, ‖זמּר); 3 mpl. יַעְלְחוּ בְְ Ps 5:12 (in י׳; ‖שׂמח, רנן); יַעַלְחוּ לִפְנֵי אֱלֽהִים 68:4 (+ שׂמח, ‖שׂישׂ); + לִי 25:2 exult at me; Inf. cstr. בַּעֲלֽץ Pr 28:12 when the righteous exult.

† [עֲלִיחוּת] n. f. exultation;—sf. עֲלִיחֻתָם כְּמוֹ לָאֱכֹל עָנִי Hb 3:14 their exultation was as it were to devour the poor.

עלק (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. غَلِقَ hang, be suspended, cleave, adhere; عَلَقُ leech; n. unit. عَلَقَةُ; As. ilḳitu, of some inferior animal (word-list); Syr. ܥܰܠܽܘܩܳܐ, etc., Targum עֲלוּקָא all leech).

עֲלוּקָה n. f. leech (perh. Aram. loan-wd.; > vampyre-like demon, Ew al. = Ar. ï Aulaḳ We:Heid. 2, 149, or name of sage, as some Rabb.; v. discussion De Toy);—שְׁתֵּי בָנוֹת לְַ׳ Pr 30:15.

עֹלָ֫תָה Jb 5:16 etc., v. עַוְלָה sub עָוַל. p. 732

I, II. עַם, עִם v. sub I. עמם. p. 766–67, 769

עָמַד:520 take one's stand, stand (NH id.; Ph. עמד; As. emêdu, stand, set up; Ar. عَمَدَ prop up, support, and deriv.; Eth. 9md: pillar; Targum עַמּוּדָא pillar, Syr. ܥܰܡܽܘܕܳܐ, Palm. עמודא, cf. also n. pr. תימעמד; Sab. עמד pillar, acc. to CIS:iv. 91 (or other deriv. fr. √ עמד DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 5), pl. אעמדן pillars DHM:Epigr. Denkm. sus Abess. 80);—Qal:435 Pf. ע׳ Gn 19:27 +, 3 fs. עָֽמְדָה 2 K 13:6 +, etc.; Impf. יַעֲמֹד Ex 21:21, יַעֲמוֹד Na 1:6 +, יַעֲמָד־ 1 S 16:22 +; 1 S. אֶעֱמָֹדָה Hb 2:1, וָאֶעֱמֹד 2 S 1:10; 3 mpl. יַעַמְדוּ Je 32:14 +, יַעֲמָֹדוּ Ez 1:21 +, 2 mpl. וַתַּעַמְדוּן Dt 4:11, etc.; Imv. עֲמֹד 1 S 9:27 +, עֲמָד־ 2 S 1:9; fs. עִמְדִי Is 47:12, Je 48:19, etc.; Inf. abs. עָמֹד Est 9:16; cstr. עֲמֹד Ex 18:23 +, sf. עָמְדִי Je 18:20, עֲמָדְְ Ob:11, etc.; Pt. עֹמֵד Is 3:13 +, f. עֹמֶ֫דֶת Hg 2:5 +, etc.;—

1. a. take one's stand, and (esp. pt.) stand, be in a standing attitude: c. עַל by, 1 S 26:13, 2 S 2:25, 2 K 2:7 +, so pt. Gn 18:8 (J), 41:1, 41:17 (E) +, עַל on, Ex 3:5 (E), Dt 27:12 +; c. ב loc. Ex 32:26, Nu 22:24, 22:26 (all JE), +; c. אֶל loc. 1 K 20:38 (+ לְ pers.), Je 48:19, Ez 21:26, 27:29; c. אֶל pers. 1 S 17:51, 2 K 5:25; c. אֵחֶל Gn 41:3 (E), Ez 9:2, 10:6, Ne 8:4; c. לִפְנֵי Gn 18:22, 1 K 3:16, 8:22 +; before י׳, for intercession Gn 19:27 (J), Dt 4:10, Je 15:1, 18:20, etc.; take one's stand and do a thing 1 S 17:8, 1 K 8:55, 2 K 18:28 = Is 36:13 +; sq. inf. 1 K 8:11 = 2 Ch 5:14 +. b. stand forth (to speak, etc.) 2 K 10:9 +. c. take a stand against (עַל), in opposition to, Ju 6:31, Ezr 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, acc. to Kue:Ges. Abh. 247 f.) 2 Ch 26:18; cf. עַל־דַּם Lv 19:16 (H) against the blood of, i.e. seek one's blood, life; c. יָ֑חַד Is 50:8 together, i.e. against each other. d. present oneself before (לִפְנֵי) Gn 43:15 (J), Ex 9:10 (E), Nu 27:2, 27:21 (P), 1 S 16:21 +; before י׳ (in sanctuary) Dt 19:17, Je 7:10 cf. 18:20, Lv 9:5 (P); so in heaven 1 K 22:21 = 2 Ch 18:20; c. ב loc. of child at birth Ho 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Dn 1:4 e. c. לִפְנֵי attend upon, be(come) servant of 1 S 16:22 (v. Dr), 1 K 1:2 +; servant of י׳ 1 K 17:1, 18:15, 2 K 3:14, 5:16, Je 15:19; priests (לְשָֽׁרְתוֹ)לִפְנֵי י׳ Dt 10:8, Ju 20:28, Ez 44:15, 2 Ch 29:11; of Levites, stand before congreg. for menial duties Ez 44:11, Nu 16:9 (P). f. stand afar מֵרָחוֹק Ex 20:18, 20:21 (E), Is 59:14, Ps 38:12, בְּר׳ Ps 10:1; מִנֶּגֶד מֵר׳ 2 K 2:7; stand aloof, מִנֶֹּגֶד Ob:11, Ps 38:12. g. stand (silent) Jb 32:16. h. stand (appealingly) Jb 30:20 (but rd. עָמַדְתָּ, of God, Me Hi Du). i. stand, subj. רֶגֶל Zc 14:4 (עַל loc.), Ps 122:2 (ב loc.) so 26:12 (fig.). j. stand, of water, עַל־הָרִים Ps 104:6. Vid. also preps. אֶל, אֵחֶל, עַל, מִמַּעַל, עִם, etc.

2. a. stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Jos 10:13 (JE; ‖וַיִּדֹּם), sun v:13, both, Hb 3:11; of pers. 1 S 9:27 (opp. עָבַר), 2 S 2:28 (opp. רָדַף), עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ Na 2:9 +; stop flowing (of oil) 2 K 4:6; remain standing, c. תַּחְתֵּינוּ Ju 7:21, 1 S 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Lv 13:23, 13:28; so (without ת׳) 13:5, 13:37 (all P). b. = be inactive 2 Ch 20:17 (opp. לְהִלָּחֵם, + הִתְיַצְּבוּ). c. = be attentive Jb 37:14. d. stop, cease doing a thing 2 K 13:18; c. מִן Gn 29:35, 30:9 (both J), Jo 1:15.

3. a. tarry, delay Gn 45:9 (E), Jos 10:19 (JE; opp. רָדַף), 1 S 20:38 (opp. מְהֵרָה, חוּשָׁה), +. b. remain, c. ב loc. 2 K 15:20, Dt 10:10; c. עִמָּדִי Dt 5:28 (opp. שׁוּב); + inf. purpose Est 7:7. c. continue, abide Je 32:14, Is 66:22, Ps 102:27 (opp. אָבַד); = dwell Ex 8:18 (J; עַל loc.); לָעַד Ps 19:10, 111:3, 111:10, 112:3, 112:9; לְעוֹלָם Ps 33:11, Ec 1:4; בְּתוֹךְ Hg 2:5; of plan = be established Ps 33:11 (earlier קוּם, as Is 14:24), so Est 3:4, Dn 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier קוּם Jos 2:11) Ec 2:9; לאֹ יַעֲמָד־בִּי כֹחַ Dn 10:17. d. endure Ex 18:23 (E), Ez 22:14 (‖חָזַק). e. be steadfast Dt 25:8, Ru 2:7. f. persist Ec 8:3.

4. make a stand, hold one's ground, Am 2:15, 2 K 10:4, Mal 3:2 +; c. לִפְנֵי Ju 2:14, 2 K 10:4 +, בִּפְנֵי Jos 10:8, 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer v:42), 23:9 (all D); c. עַל, for one's life Est 8:11, 9:16.

5. stand upright: a. remain standing 2 K 13:6; of head 6:31 remain upright upon him (עָלָיו); of house (fig. of endurance) Jb 8:15, Pr 12:7. b. stand up, opp. sit, Ne 8:5, Jb 29:8 (+ קוּם); opp. lie prostrate Ez 2:1 (עַל־רַגְלֶיְ), so 37:10 (id.), Dn 10:1, v:11 (עַל־עָמְדְָָ), Est 8:4; of revival after death Dn 12:13 (late for קוּם). c. stand up, rise, of water Jos 3:13 (+ appos. נֵד אֶחָד), v:16 (+ קָמוּ + id.; both JE). d. be erect, upright, of boards Ex 26:15, 36:20 (P). †

6. a. arise, appear, come on the scene (= קוּם; late) Ezr 2:63 = Ne 7:65, Ps 106:30 (cf. Ecclus 47:1, 47:12), esp. Dn 8:22, 8:22, 8:23, 11:2, 11:3, 11:4, 12:1, cf. 11:7 (כַּנּוֹ), v:20, v:21 (עַל־כַּנּוֹ); c. תַּחַת instead of Ec 4:15; of war 1 Ch 20:4, deliverance Est 4:14. b. stand forth, appear = come into being Is 48:13, Ps 33:9, 119:90. c. rise up as foe (earlier קום Am 7:9, Gn 4:8), c. עַל against 1 Ch 21:1, 2 Ch 20:23, Dn 8:25, 11:14, c. לְנֶגְדִּי against 10:13.

7. rare usages are: a. אֶת־ ע׳ stand with, as attendant, servitor Gn 45:1 (E), Nu 1:5 (P). b. take one's stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית 2 K 23:3. c. stand עַל־חֶרֶב Ez 33:26 (resort to the sword). d. stand בְּסוֹד י׳ Je 23:18; 23:22 (v. סוֹד). e. be appointed Ezr 10:14. f. stand before (לִפְנֵי) beast Lv 18:23 (carnal intercourse) g. grow flat, insipid (Gie), taste of wine Je 48:11 (fig. of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case cf. 3 b).—עָמְדִי Dn 11:1 b is crpt., rd. prob. עָמַדְתִּי, or עָמַד (מִיכָאֵל subj.), join then to 10:21 and del. 11:1 a; so Bev Behrm Marti:Kau. Hiph.:83 (cf. Dr:Intr. (6) 535) Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱמִיד 1 K 12:32 +, 2 ms. הֶעֱמַדְתָּה Ps 30:8, וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫ Nu 3:6 +, etc., Impf. יַעֲמִיד Pr 29:4 +, וַיַּעֲמֵד 2 K 8:1 +; 3 fs. sf. וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי Ez 2:2, 3:24, 1 pl. וַנַּעֲמִיד Ne 4:3, etc.; Imv. הַעֲמֵד Is 21:6; sf. הַעֲמִידֶהָ Ez 24:11; Inf. abs. הַעֲמֵיד Ne 7:3 ; cstr. הַעֲמִיד 1 K 15:4 +; Pt. מַעֲמִיד 2 Ch 18:34 (but v. Hoph.):—1. station, set, c. acc. Ju 16:25 (בֵּין); for duty Nu 11:24 (E; סְבִיבֹת) 1 K 12:32 (ב loc.), 2 Ch 19:5 (id.), Ne 13:11(עַל־ עָמְדָם), Is 21:6 + (Ne 4:7 a read perhaps Qal, so Perles:Anal. 65), c. עַל against Ne 4:3. 2. cause to stand firm Ps 18:34 = 2 S 22:34 (c. עַל loc.); maintain (opp. overthrow) Ex 9:16 (J), 1 K 15:4, cf. Pr 29:4. 3. cause to stand up, set up, erect, c. acc. + עַל־רַגְלַי Ez 2:2, 3:24, so עַל־עָמְדִי Dn 8:18; temple Ezr 2:68 (עַל loc.), cf. 2 Ch 24:13; (על loc., of repairs); esp. doors Ne 3:1 + 7 t. Ne; Asherim 2 Ch 33:19, cf. 25:14. 4. + לִפְנֵי present one before king Gn 47:7 (P), י׳ (in sanctuary) Lv 14:11 + 3 t. P, + (of goat) Lv 16:7, priest Lv 27:8 + 4 t. P, + (of beast) Lv 27:11. 5. appoint Ne 7:3, 1 Ch 15:17 + (late); c. עַל over Ne 13:9 +, c. inf. purpose 6:7 +, c. 2 acc. 1 Ch 15:16; = assign (land) to (ל) 2 Ch 33:8 (‖ 2 K 21:8 נָתַן); appoint courses of priests 8:14, 31:2, cf. Ne 13:30; ordain commandments, עַל pers. Ne 10:33, cf. 2 Ch 30:5; establish עַד־הָעוֹלָם 1 Ch 17:14 (ב loc.), cf. 2 Ch 9:8, Ps 148:6; c. acc. of covenant Ps 105:10 = 1 Ch 16:17 (ל pers. + ל rei); c. חָזוֹן vision Dn 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier הֵקִים). † 6. other meanings: a. אֶת־פָּנָיו ע׳ 2 K 8:11 have a fixed look. b. c. acc. רַגְלַי + ב loc. Ps 31:9 (fig.). c. make to stand (in a covt.; v. ‖ 2 K 23:3) 2 Ch 34:32. d. restore waste places Ezr 9:9. e. + לְפָנֶיהָ Est 4:5, i.e. make servant to. f. cause wind to arise Ps 107:25. g. = raise an army Dn 11:11, 11:13.—2 Ch 18:34 v. Hoph.; Ps 30:8 v. עֹז; Ez 29:7 v. מָעַד. † Hoph. Impf. 3 ms. יָעֳמַד־ Lv 16:10 be presented (of goat), + לִפְנֵי י׳; Pt. הָיָה מָעֳמָד 1 K 22:35 he was caused to stand, i.e. propped up, in (ב) his chariot, so rd. also ‖ 2 Ch 18:34 (as LXX), for MT מַעֲמִיד.—On Pf. הָעֳמַדְתִּי v. עֹז Ps 30:8.

765

† [עֹ֫מֶד] n.[m.] standing-place;—only sf. after prep. :וַיָּקוּמוּ עַל־עָמְדָם Ne 9:3 they stood up in their place (later equiv. of תַּחְתָּם), 8:7 (no vb.); c. עָמַד 2 Ch 30:16, 35:10, עַל־עָמְדוֹ ע׳ 34:31; וָאַעֲמִדֵם עַל־עָמְדָם Ne 13:11, so עַל־עָמְדִי Dn 8:18; וַיָּבֹא אֵחֶל עָמְדִי v:17; עֲמֹד עַל־עָמְדְֶָ 10:11.

† [עֶמְדָּה] n. f. standing-ground;—sf. יִקַּח מִכֶּם עֶמְדָּתוֹ Mi 1:11; text dub. v. Now.

עַמּוּד, עַמֻּד:110 n. m.:1 K 7:15 pillar, column;—עַמּוּד abs. 1 K 7:15 +, cstr. Ex 13:21 +; עַמֻּד abs. Je 52:21, cstr. Nu 14:14; sf. עַמּוּדוֹ 2 Ch 23:13; pl. עַמּוּדִים 1 K 7:16 +, less oft. עַמֻּ׳ v:21 +; cstr. עַמּוּדֵי Ex 26:32 +, less oft. עַמֻּ׳ 38:17 +; sf. עַמּוּדָיו Ex 36:38 +, עַמֻּדָיו 27:10 +, etc.;—

1. pillar, supporting house Ju 16:25, 16:26, 16:29; pillars in tabern. Ex 27:10, 27:11, 27:17, 36:38, Nu 3:37 + 27 t. Ex Nu (P), + עַמּוּדֵי שִׁטִּים pillars of acacia wood Ex 26:32, 26:37, 36:36; pillars in Sol.'s palace 1 K 7:2, 7:3, 7:6, אוּלָם הָע׳ v:6, עַמּוּדֵי אֲרָזִים v:2 pillars of cedar (P); in Ezek.'s temple Ez 42:6, 42:6; שֵׁשׁ ע׳ Est 1:6 (in palace), Ct 5:15 (sim.).

2. two bronze pillars—1 K 7:15, 2 K 25:13 = Je 52:17—before temple 1 K 7:15, 7:15 + 14 t. 1 K 7, + 2 K 25:16, 25:17, 25:17 = Je 52:20, 52:21, 52:21, Je 27:19, 1 Ch 18:8, 2 Ch 3:15, 3:17 + 5 t. Ch; perh. one of these was הָע׳ by which king stood in temple 2 K 11:14 = 2 Ch 23:13, 2 K 23:3; > ע׳ here = standing-place, platform Thes al.; two pillars bef. Ezek.'s temple Ez 40:49.

3. columns, uprights, of silver Ct 3:10 (litter).

4. עָשָׁן ע׳ Ju 20:40 column of smoke: עָנָן(הֶ) ע׳ Ex 13:21, 13:22 (J) + 6 t. JE, hence Ne 9:12, 9:19, Ps 99:7; ‖אֵשׁ(הָ) ע׳ Ex 13:21, 13:22 (J), Nu 14:14 (JE), Ne 9:12, 9:19; קֵשׁ וְעָנָן ע׳ Ex 14:24 (J), all of the theoph. at time of Exodus.

5. a. בּרזֶל ע׳ Je 1:18 (fig. of proph.). b. poet. of pillars of earth Jb 9:5 Psalm 75:4, of heaven Jb 26:11. c. of wisdom's house Pr 9:1.

† [מַעֲמָד] n.[m.] office, function, service;—

1. station, office, post (מַעֲמָֽדְְ) Is 22:19 (‖מַצָּֽבְְ), עַל־מַעֲמָדָם 2 Ch 35:15 at their post.

2. office, function 1 Ch 23:28.

3. service, prob. specif. waiting at table (strictly mode of standing), cstr. מַעֲמַד מְשָֽׁרְתָיו 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4.

מָעֳמָָד n.[m.] standing-ground, foot-hold Ps 69:3 (in fig.).

עִמָּדִי v. עִם infr. sub עמם. p. 767

עמה (√ of foll.; cf. As. emû, be united, associated; emûtu, family, family connexion; NH עָמִית = BH (rare)).

† [עָמִית] n. m.:Lv 18:20 associate, fellow, relation (perh. orig. f. abstr. association, cf. פֶּחָה);—alw. sf.: גֶּבֶר עֲמִיתִי Zc 13:7 a man (who is) my fellow; elsewhere only Lv: עֲמִיתוֹ 5:21, 5:21; recipr. אִישׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֹ 19:11, 24:19, cf . 25:17; עֲמִיתְְ 18:20, עֲמִיתְֶָ 19:15, 19:17, 25:14, 25:14, 25:15.

עַמִּיאֵל and similar n. pr. v. sub I. עמם. p. 770

עָמַל vb. labour, toil (NH id.; Ar. عَمِلَ labour, make; Sab. עמל work (? n. or vb.) CIS:iv. No. 250; Aram. עֲמַל, ܥܡܰܠ; Zinj. עמל; As. nîmelu, gain, possessions);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Ec 2:21; 3 fs. עָֽמְלָה Pr 16:26; 2 ms. עָמַלְתָּ Jon 4:10; 1 S. עָמַלְתִּי Ec 2:11 + 2 t.; 3 pl. עָֽמְלוּ Ps 127:1; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲמֹל Ec 1:3 + 3 t.;—labour (very late): in building Ps 127:1; tillage, c. בְּ Jon 4:10; gen., c. בְּ Ec 2:21, c. לְ Pr 16:26, Ec 5:15, c. לְ + inf. 8:17; עֲמָלוֹ שֶׁיַּעֲמֹל 1:3, 5:17, cf. 2:11, 2:19, 2:20.

† I. עָמָל n. m.:Jb 4:8 f.:Ec 10:15 (against Albr:ZAW xvi (1896), 113, v. Kö:Synt. § 249 m) trouble, labour, toil (on this form as abstr. v. Lag:BN 143 Ba:NB 105);—ע׳ Nu 23:21 +; cstr. עֲמַל Ju 10:16 +; sf. עֲמָלִי Gn 41:51 +, etc.;—

1. trouble (‖ sorrow): one's own suffering, עָמָל וְיָגוֹן Je 20:18; וָכַעַס ע׳ Ps 10:14; עֳנִי וע׳ Dt 26:7, Ps 25:18; וָאָָוֶן ע׳ 90:10; ‖אָוֶן Nu 23:21, Jb 5:6; ‖שָֽׁוְא Jb 7:3; נפשׁו ע׳ Is 53:11; בְּעֵינָ֑י ע׳ Ps 73:16; מֵעֵינָ֑י וַיַּסְתֵּר ע׳ Jb 3:10; מְנַחֲמֵי ע׳ 16:2; אדם לע׳ יוּלָּד 5:7; אנושׁ אינימוֹ בע׳ Ps 73:5; שׁכח ע׳ Jb 11:16; נַשַּׁנִי ע׳ Gn 41:51 (E); לא זכר ע׳ Pr 31:7; תקחר נפשׁו בע׳ Ju 10:16.

2. trouble, mischief, as done to others: ‖שֹׁד Pr 24:2; יֹחֵר ע׳ Ps 94:20; ‖רָע Hb 1:13; בְראֹשׁוֹ יָשׁוּב ע׳ Ps 7:17; וָאָָוֶן ע׳ 10:7; און וע׳ 55:11; ‖אָוֶן Is 10:1, 59:4, Hb 1:3, Ps 7:15, Jb 4:8, 15:35; עֲמַל שְׂפָתֵימוֹ Ps 140:10 mischief of their lips.

3. toil, labour (late in Heb.): Ec 2:10, 2:10, 2:21, 2:24, 3:13, 4:4, 4:6, 4:8, 4:9, 5:14, 5:18, 6:7, 8:15, 10:15; c. עָמַל (q. v.) 1:3, 2:11, 2:19, 2:20, 5:17; עָמֵל (שֶׁאֲנִי שְׁהוּא ע׳ 2:18, 2:22; אֲשֶׁר עָמֵל ע׳ 9:9; = fruit of labour, לְאֻמִּים יִירָָשׁוּ ע׳ Ps 105:44; לִבָּם וַיַּכְנַע בע׳ 107:12 he humbled their mind by toil.

† II. עָמָל n. pr. m. name in Asher 1 Ch 7:35, LXX Αμαα, LXXL Αλαμ.

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† I. עָמֵל n.m.:Pr 16:26 labourer, sufferer;—ע׳ Pr 16:26 + 2 t.; pl. עֲמֵלִים Ju 5:26; —

1. labourer, workman: Ju 5:26, Pr 16:26.

2. sufferer, Jb 3:20 (‖מָרֵי נֶפֶשׁ), 20:22.

† II. עָמֵל adj. verb. toiling, only Ec, as pred.;—Ec 2:18, 2:22, 3:9, 4:8, 9:9.

עֲמָלֵק:39 n.pr.gent. Amalek (on ָ v. Lag:BN 162 Ba:NB 160);—ancient people Nu 24:20, 24:20, S. of Canaan—in Negeb 13:29 (all JE), fierce and war-like Bedawin (cf. GASm:Geogr. 282 GFM:Ju 6, 3.33), foes of Isr. during Exodus Ex 17:8 + 6 t. Ex 17 (E), Dt 25:17, 25:19; later marauders in Isr. territory Ju 3:13, 6:3, 6:33, 7:12, 10:12, defeated by Saul 1 S 14:48, 15:2 + 9 t. 1 S 14, 28:18, and by David 30:18 (cf. adj.gent. infr.), 2 S 8:12 = 1 Ch 18:11, cf. Ps 83:8; also הָע׳ 2 S 1:1 (where read עֲמָלֵק or הָעֲמָלֵקִי, v. Comm.); ע׳ 1 Ch 4:43; as grandson of Esau Gn 36:12 (P) = 1 Ch 1:36, Gn 36:16; appar. connected with Ephr. territory Ju 5:14 (cf. 12:15 infr.; yet GFM conj. עֵמֶק).—On Amalek v. Nö:Amalekites (1864); Ency. Bi. s. v.

עֲמָלֵקִי adj.gent. 1 S 30:13, 2 S 1:13, also (as pred.) v:8; coll. = (the) Amalekites 1 S 15:6, 15:15, 30:1, elsewh. c. art. הָע׳ Nu 14:25, 14:43, 14:45 (J; all + הַכְּנַעֲנִי), 1 S 27:8; שְׂדֵה הָע׳ Gn 14:7; הַר הָע׳ Ju 12:15 (in Ephraim); rd. הָע׳ also Ju 1:16 (for הָעָם) Bu GFM, > עֲמָלֵק Hollenb Mey Kit:Kau; on 2 S 1:1 v. foreg.

† I. עָמַם vb. (√ of foll. cf. Ar. عَمَّ be comprehensive, include; عَمُّ company; also paternal uncle; perhaps As. ummanu, people; Sab. עם either (a) people, or (b) paternal uncle CIS:iv. p. 20; pl. sf. אעממהו = (b) Mordtm:Himj. Inschr. 45. 70; also often in n.pr. CIS:iv. No. 5, 1, 99, 7 etc., Prät:Neue Beitr. 25 Hom:Chrest. 12, 133; A. und A. 6 We:GGN 1893, 480). p. 770

I. עַם, עָם:1840 n.m.:Gn 11:6 (v. infr.) people (NH id., plebeian, common man; Targum עַמָּא people, pl. peoples, tribes, etc.; Syr. ܥܰܡܳܐ; Ar. عَمُّ v. supr.; orig. mng. prob. those united, connected, related, cf. We:GGN 1893, 480);—abs. עַם Gn 11:6 +, עָם Ju 9:36 +, הָעָם Jos 8:11 +; cstr. עַם Nu 21:29 +; sf. עַמִּי Ex 3:7 +, עַמְְּ 22:27 +, etc.; pl. עַמִּים Is 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (cf. BAram.) Ne 9:22; cstr. עַמֵּי 1 K 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Ne 9:24; pl. c. sf. v. II. עַם;—(Thes cites foll. as f. וְחָטָאת עַמְֶָּ Ex 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perh. וְחַטָאתָ לְע׳, so LXX SyrVer Di]; Ju 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, v. GFM]; Je 8:5 [but read שׁוֹבַב for שׁוֹבְבָה Gie]);—

1. a people, nation (sts. ‖גּוֹי), n. coll. (sg. Ex 21:8, Jos 17:14, 17:15, 17:17, 2 S 17:29 + oft., or pl. Ex 20:15, 24:2, Je 5:31 + oft., or both in same clause Ex 1:20, 2 S 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Gn 11:6 (J); peoples in gen. 27:29 (J ; ‖לְאֻמִּים), Ex 19:5 (E), Dt 2:25, 4:6 + oft. Dt, Ne 13:24 + oft.; קְהַל עַמִּים Gn 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, 48:4 (P), Ez 23:24, 32:3 (+ רַבִּים); one's own people Je 46:l6, Ps 45:11, Ru 1:10, 1:15, 1:16, 1:16 + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Ct 6:12 v. esp. Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Gn 41:40 (E), Ex 1:22 (E), Ne 9:10 +; עַם־אֲרָם Am 1:5; עַם־כְּמוֹשׁ (i.e. Moab) Nu 21:29 (JE), Je 48:46; but esp. Isr. Ex 1:20 (E) + oft.; עַם־בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ v:9 (J); called יהוה ע׳ Nu 11:29 (E), 1 S 2:24 +, and (by י׳) עַמִּי Ex 3:7, 5:1 (J) + oft. (all periods); קְהַל עַם־הָאֱלֽהִים Ju 20:2, עַם־הַקָּהָל Lv 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Ps 107:32; esp. הָעָם הַזֶּה (oft. in contempt or disgust) Nu 11:1, 11:12, 11:13 +; fig. of ants Pr 30:25, the shaphan v:26, locusts Jo 2:2, cf. לְעַם לְחִיִּים Ps 74:14 (where rd. לְעַם חִיִּים Hup-Now).—On Ju 1:16 v. עֲמָלֵקִי.

2. = smaller units, e.g. a. inhab. of a city Gn 19:4 (J), 1 S 9:12, 9:13, Je 29:16, 29:25, 2 Ch 31:4 + (Je 8:5 del. יְרוּוּשׁ׳ LXX Gie Co Rothst). b. inhab. of a locality Je 37:12 [appar. not = tribe, Dt 33:3 rd. עַמּוֹ LXX Di Dr, Ho 10:14, Ju 5:8, 5:14 rd. בְּעָרֶיְ We Now; v. sub ד]. c. retainers, followers Gn 14:16, 32:8, 33:15, 35:6, Ju 3:18, 8:5, 2 S 15:17, Je 41:13, 41:14 +. d. people bearing arms 1 S 11:11, 1 K 20:10 +; כָּבֵד ע׳ Nu 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Nu 31:32 (P), הַמִּלְחָמָה ע׳ Jos 8:1, 8:3, 8:11, 10:7, 11:7 (all JE); so prob. Ju 5:8 a (fighting) band; perh. also v:14 (rd. sg. ? v. GFM Bu).

3. = common people Je 21:7, 22:4, Lv 4:27 (opp. ruler v:22), Ne 5:1 (opp. יְהוּדִים), 7:5 (opp. rulers).

4. people in gen., persons Gn 50:20 (E), so appar. כָּל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר וגו׳ Ex 33:16 (J), Nu 11:34 (J), Jos 5:5, 5:5 (D), Ju 9:36 (as sg.), v:37 (as pl.), Je 36:9; persons labouring 1 K 9:23; superior persons Jb 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֹלָם Ez not found26:30 people of long ago (now in Shₑ’ôl).

5. phrases are: a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְְּ) בְּנֵי עַמּוֹ members of one's people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Nu 22:5 (E), Gn 23:11 (P) Lv 19:18 (H), Ju 14:16, 14:17, Ez 33:2, 33:12 +. b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (v. 3) 2 K 23:6, Je 26:23 +; people in gen. שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Je 17:19 i.e. public gate 2 Ch 35:5, 35:12. c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2 K 11:14, 11:18, 11:19, 11:20, 15:5, 16:15, 21:24, 21:24 +, Je 37:2, 44:21, Lv 20:2 (H), Gn 23:7, 23:12, 23:13 (P); common people Je 34:19, cf. הא׳ דַּלַּת ע׳ 2 K 24:14; disting. from prince Ez 45:22, 46:3, 46:9, from priests Hg 2:4, Zc 7:5; = Canaanites Nu 14:9 (JE), cf. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1 Ch 5:25; mixed post-exil. population Ezr 4:4. d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usu. peoples of the earth Jos 4:24 (D), 2 Ch 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Pal. after exile Ezr 10:2, 10:11; traders Ne 10:31; עַמֵּי הָאֲרָחוֹת 9:30, 10:29, 2 Ch 32:13. e. מִשְׁפְּחוֹת עַמִּים Ps 96:7 = 1 Ch 16:28 (cf. Ps 22:28). f. בַּת־עַמִּי = people personif. Is 22:4, Je 4:11 + 7 t. Je + 6:14 (van d. H.; om. בַּת Baer Gi), La 2:11, 3:48, 4:3, 4:6, 4:10; בְּתוּלַת בַּת־עַמִּי Je 14:17. g. designations of Isr. are: עַם־קָרוֹשׁ Dt 7:6 + 3 t., קְדוֹשִׁים ע׳ Dn 8:24, קֹדֶשׁ(ה) ע׳ Is 62:12, 63:18, Dn 12:7; סְגֻלָּה ע׳ Dt 7:6, 14:2, 26:18. h. of foreign (non-Isr.) peoples: ע׳ נָכְרִי Ex 21:8 (E), אַחֵר ע׳ Dt 28:32, and esp. from language, עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה ע׳ Ez 3:5 cf. v:6, כִּלְשׁוֹן עַם וָעָם Ne 13:24 cf. Est 1:22, 1:22, 3:12, לֽעֵג ע׳ Ps 114:1. i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Is 10:6, חֶרְמִי ע׳ 34:11, ־מִבְחָרָיוע׳ Dn 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֹעֵבוֹת הָאֵלֶּה Ezr 9:14; לאֹ עַם בִּינוֹת Is 27:11.—For עַם־עוֹלָם Is 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֹת) עַ מֵעוֹלָם(מִי הִשְׁמִי) Oort Du Kit Che:Hpt cf. Perles:Anal. 40, 64.

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עִם prep. with (Aram. עִם, ܥܰܡ, Sab. עם DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 12 Hom:Chrest. 51; cf. Ar. مَعَ, مَعْ (but v. Prät:BAS. i. 26)), sf. עִמִּי:46 and עִמָּדִי:45 (prob. akin to Ar. عِنْدُ side, عِنْدَ beside: cf. √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמי in Pent. Gn 31:31, 39:7, 39:12, 39:14, Ex 33:12, Lv 26:21, 26:23, 26:27, 26:40 [H] Nu 22:19; Jos-K. 13 t.; Ps 42:9, 86:17, Jb 10:17, Ru 1:11, Est 7:8; in Dn 7 t., Ezr Ne Ch 11 t.: עמדי in Pent. Gn [JE] 14 t., Ex 17:2, Lv 25:23, Dt 5:28, 32:34, 32:39; Ju S 7 t.; Ps 23:4, 50:11, 55:19, 101:6; Jb 14 t:, Ru 1:8); עִמְְּ, † עִמְּכָה 1 S 1:26, עִמָָּךְ; עִמּוֹ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם:27 (Gn 18:16, etc.: Gn-K 20 t.; Ne 13:25; not Ezr Ch), and עִמָּהֶם:23 (chiefly late: Nu 22:12, Dt 29:16 (v:24 עמם), Jon 1:3, Jb 1:4, and 19 t. Ne Ezr Ch):—

1. of fellowship and companionship (Lat. cum), as Gn 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, 18:16, 19:30, 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Jos 7:24 al.; + oft. Peculiar to Ch Ezr are clauses introd. by …ועמהם 1 Ch 12:34, 13:2, 15:8 +, Ezr 8:13, 8:14 (Aram. 5:2) +; so …ועמו 1 Ch 12:28, 2 Ch 17:1418, 26:17, Ezr 8:312, 8:33. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Dt 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Jos 11:21, Ju 16:3, Ec 7:11; 2 S 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Dt 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, v:14, v:24, v:25, Am 4:10, Is 25:11, 34:7, Je 6:11, 51:40, Na 3:12, Ps 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, 81:3, 83:8, 87:4, 89:14, 104:25 +, Ct 1:11, 4:13, 4:13 כפרים עם נרדים, v:14, v:14, 5:1, 5:1, 5:1. Unusually, Est 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poet. or late uses: Ps 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Ps 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֹן עמו, v:25; in Jb of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, 6:4 תִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, 17:2 אם לא הֲתֻלִים עמדי, 29:6 וְחוּר יָחוּק עִמדי פלגי שׁמן, v:20 כבודי חָדָשׁ עמדי, 2 Ch 14:5 ואין עמו מלחמה, 16:19 ישׁ עמך מלחמות, 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֹת. Hence, in partic. a. of aid, Ex 23:5, Dt 22:4; 1 Ch 12:19; esp. of God, Gn 21:22 אלהים עמך, 26:3 ואהיה עמך, v:33, 31:3, 31:5, Ex 3:12, Jos 1:5, Is 8:10 כי עמנו אל Ps 23:4, 46:8, 46:12, Jb 29:5 + oft. (cf. אֵת, Gn 39:2, 39:3, 39:21, 39:23, Is 43:5 +): so הִתְחַזַּק עם 1 Ch 11:10, 2 Ch 16:9, Dn 10:21, עָזַר עם 1 Ch 12:21, כי גם ידם עם דוד 1 S 22:17, 2 S 3:12, 1 Ch 4:10 (cf. Ex 23:1, and II. אֵת 1 a). With the help of (= Gk. σύν), 1 S 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה, Dn 11:39 (rare). b. Of actions done jointly with another, as ירשׁ עם inherit with, Gn 21:10, כרת ברית עם 26:28 + oft., עם (חִלֵּק)חָלַק to share with Jos 22:8, Is 53:12 +; cf. Dt 10:9 חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם אֶחָיו, 18:1. c. If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁפַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive (see these verbs), Gn 26:20, 30:8, 32:29; בּא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עם to enter into judgment with Is 3:14 +, Jb 14:3 (הֵבִיא), עִם רִיב לי׳ Hos 4:1 +; hence, without a verb expressing the idea explicitly, Ps 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers ? v:b 55:19 כי בְרַבִּים היו עמדי for as many are they in combat with me, Jb 9:14 אֶבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him, 10:17 b, 16:21; perhaps חָדַק עִם 9:2, 25:4 (cf. 4 b end). d. Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another: as עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Gn 24:12 + oft. (in 1 pers. observe that in this phr. עמדי, not עמי, is regul. used, Gn 19:19, 20:13, 40:14, 1 S 20:14, 2 S 10:2 [‖ 1 Ch 19:2 עמי: here only], al.), עשׂה טוב עם Gn 26:29 +, v. also 20:9, 31:29, Dt 33:21, Ju 15:3, Jb 10:12, 13:20, 42:8, Ps 86:17 (cf. אִתְּכֶם Dt 1:30, 10:21; and Aram. Dn 3:32), 119:124, 126:2 (1 S 12:24), Jb 33:29; הֵיטִיד עם Gn 32:10, 32:13 +, הֵרַע עִם 31:7; רָחָה עם be well pleased with Ps 50:18, Jb 34:9; דִּבֶּר עם to speak with (subj. usu. God) Ex 19:9 + (v. דִּבֶּר 3 e), hence דָּבָר עִם Ju 18:7, 18:28, 2 S 3:17, 1 K 1:7, Jb 15:11 דָּבָר לָאַט עמך a word (spoken) gently with thee, cf. 11:5 ויפתח שׂפתיו עמך; יֵאָמֵן עם 2 Ch 1:9: and with adjj. תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) Dt 18:13, Ps 18:24, שָׁלֵם עם 1 K 8:61 +; cf. וְלִבָּם לאֹ נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ Ps 78:37, 2 S 21:4, 23:5, 1 K 3:6 (עמך), Mi 6:8 הַחְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִם אֱלֱהָיו, Ps 73:22 toward thee, 1 Ch 19:6, Hos 12:1 (?); also הָלַךְ קְרִי עִם Lv 26:21 ff. (7 t.), מַמְרִים הֱיִיתֶם עם Dt 9:7, 9:24, 31:27, 2 Ch 16:10, 26:19, Ps 85:5, Jb 10:17 a. e. Of a common lot, Gn 18:23 האף תספה חדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked, v:25, Jb 3:14, 3:15, Is 38:11, Ps 26:9 אל תאסף עם חטּאים נפשׁי, v:26:9b, v:28:3, 28:3, 69:29, Jb 30:1, 1 Ch 24:5; hence like, Ps 73:5 ועם אדם לא יְנֻנָּ֑עוּ with (i.e. like) men (in general), 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו, Ec 2:16 ואיך ימות הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool. f. Of equality or resemblance generally (poet.), Jb 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶה they pass by with, i.e. as swiftly as, skiffs of reed, 37:18 תרקיע עמו שׁחקים i.e. like him, 40:15 אשׁר עשׂיתי עמך; so נִמְשַׁל עִם Ps 28:1, 143:7, נֶחְשַׁב עִם 88:5. † g. Of time, = as long as, Ps 72:5 יִירָאוְּ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth (cf. Aram. Dn 3:33, 4:31; also Ovid. Am. i. 15, 16 cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit); at the time of (?) 2 Ch 21:19 (but rd. perh. מֵחָלְיוֹ); and c. inf. (late), Ezr 1:11; עִם הֵעָלוֹת הַגּוֹלָה (cf. ἅμα τῷ sq. inf. Ju 3:21, 9:33; also עִם Ecclus 40:14).

2. Of a locality, close to, beside:Gn 25:11 וישׁב יחחק עם נאר לחי ראי beside the well of, etc., 35:4 תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אשׁר עם שׁכם (so, after אשׁר, Jos 7:2, Ju 9:6, 18:22, 2 S 13:23), Jos 19:46 (?), Ju 18:3 הֵמָּה עִם בֵּית מִיכָה (so 19:11, 2 S 20:8), 1 S 10:2, 2 S 6:7 וַיָּ֫מָת שָׁם עִם אֲרוֹן הא׳, 19:38, 24:16, 1 K 1:9, 1 Ch 13:14 by the house of O., in its own house (v. Be), 21:15 (2 S 24:16), 26:16 (cf. אֵת 2.). By a person, Dt 5:28 וְאַתָּה עֲמֹד פֹּה עמדי by me, 1 S 1:26 הַנִּצֶּבֶת עִמְּכָה +; of one living near another, Ex 22:24, Lv 25:35, 25:36, 25:39, 25:47.

3. Of persons, עִם is spec. a. in the house or family or service of (apud, chez): Gn 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֹשָׁב עמך (fig. of י׳ Lv 25:23, Ps 39:13), 27:44, 29:14 וַיֵשֶׁב עִמּוֹ, v:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee (so v:30, cf. Dt 15:16), 31:38, Lv 25:6, 25:40, 25:40, 25:50, 25:53, Dt 22:2, 23:17, Ju 17:10, 2 S 19:34, 1 K 11:22; cf. 1 S 2:21 עם י׳ i.e. at his sanctuary. b. In the possession of (Lat. penes): Gn 24:25 straw, etc., is עִמָּנוּ, 31:32, Dt 17:19 והיתה עמו with him, at his side, 29:16, Jb 28:14 וְיָם אָמַר אֵין עִמָּדִי; = stored up with, Dt 32:34 כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי Jb 27:13 (but rd. here prob. מֵאֵל; cf. 20:29); of ethical or mental attributes, 1 S 25:25 וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֹ, Jb 12:13 עִמּוֹ חָנְמָה וּגְבוּרָה, v:16, 25:2, Ps 130:7, 2 Ch 19:3, 19:7. Cf. fig. Ps 36:10 כי עמך מְקוֹר חַיִּים. c. In the custody or care of, 1 S 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָָּךְ; 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי: cf. Jb 17:3 עָרְבֵנִי עִמָָּךְ be surety for me with thyself. d. Beside = except, Dt 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי, Ps 73:25 ועמך לא חפחתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not (in aught that is) upon earth (al. in comparison of thee, 1 f), 2 Ch 14:10 וְאֵין עִמְְּ לַעֲזֹר there is none beside thee to help, 20:6; perh. Hos 9:8 (Hi Ke ; but very dub., v. Comm.). Cf. אֵת 1 b. e. With = friendly with, Gn 31:2 כי איננו עמי (syn. v:5 אֶל towards), 2 K 10:15 לְבָבִי עִם לְבָֽבְְ, Pr 23:7 וְלִבּוֹ בַל עִמָָּךְ.

4. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one:—† a. עִם לְבַב פ׳, esp. in Dt. and the later Deut. style, Dt 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְְ thou shalt know with thy heart, 15:9 פן יהיה דבר עם לבבך בליעל a wicked thought with thy heart, Jos 14:7 I brought back word כָאשׁר עם לבבי היה עם לְבַב פ׳, esp. of a purpose, 1 K 8:17 ויהי עם לבב דוד לִבְנוֹת וגו׳ i.e. it was David's purpose to build, etc., v:18, v:18, 1 K 10:2 (= 2 Ch 6:7, 6:8, 6:8, 9:1), 1 Ch 22:7, 28:2 (both based on 1 K 8:17, etc.), 2 Ch 1:11, 24:4, 29:10; rather differently, to muse or talk with one's heart, Ps 77:7, Ec 1:16. † b. עִם alone, = in one's consciousness, whether of knowledge or memory or purpose (cf. אֵת 3 b; عِنْدَ W:AG ii. § 66): Nu 14:24 עֵקֶב הָֽיְתָה רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֹ i.e. operating in his mind, 1 K 11:11 יען אשׁר היתה זאת עמך, 1 Ch 28:12 the pattern of all אשׁר היה בָרוּחַ עמו that was in spirit (i.e. mentally) with him, Ps 50:11 וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי is with me (i.e. is known to me; ‖ידעתי), prob. also 73:23, 139:18 (= in thy thought and care); Jb 9:35 לא כן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (my consciousness—or conscience—does not tell me that I need dread him), 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך i.e. that this was thy purpose (‖אֵלֶּה חָפַנְתָּ בִּלְבָבְֶָ), 15:9 ולא עמנו הוא and is not with us (= in our knowledge; ‖וְלאֹ נֵדָָע), 23:10 כי ידע דרך עמדי the way of which I am conscious (De; Ew Di the way attending me, my usual way), v:14 וְכָהֵנָּה רַבּוֹת עמו i.e. he has many such purposes, 27:11 אֲשֶׁד עִם שַׁדָּי לאֹ אֲכַחֵד i.e. his purposes or principles of action. Also sts. in the judgment or estimation of, 1 S 2:26 טוֹב עִם, 2 S 6:22 נִכְבַּד עִם, perh. חָדַק עִם Jb 9:2, 25:4 (Ges Bu; but Ew as 1 c, Hi De beside, in comparison of). †

5. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding Ne 5:18 וְעִם זֶה (cf. مَعَ W:AG ii. § 57; in Heb. בְּ is the more usual syn.).—In 1 S 16:12 אַדְמֹנִי עִם יְפֵה עֵינַיִם (cf. 17:42 עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה), if text correct, יפה must be a neuter subst., with beauty of eyes; but rd. prob. (Gr Bu) עֶלֶם a youth (17:56, 20:22) for עם (v. HPS; Che:Expos. T. x. 521 אַדְמֹנִי עֶחֶם, cf. La 4:7). מֵעִם:72 from with or beside (= παρὰ with a gen.: cf. מֵאֵת): hence a. after verbs of departing, taking, removing, etc., Gn 13:14 אַחֲרֵי הִפָּרֶד־ לוֹט מֵעִמּוֹ, 26:16 לֵךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ, 1 S 10:2, 10:9, 14:17 מי הלך מעמנו, 2 S 1:2, 1 S 16:14 סרה מעם שׁאול ורוח י׳, 18:12; 2 K 2:9 בטרם אֶלָּקַח מעמך; 2 S 15:28 עַד בּוֹא דָבָר מֵעִמָּכֶם; of heart turning מעם י׳ Dt 29:17, 1 K 11:9; after שׁאל to ask, Ex 22:13, Dt 10:12 מה י׳ שֹׁאֵל מֵעִמָָּךְ, 1 S 1:17, 20:28 (Niph.), Is 7:11 +; דרשׁ to require, Dt 18:19, 23:22, 1 K 14:5 (to inquire); יחא מֵעִם פרעה from (being) with Ph. Ex 8:8, 8:25, 8:26, 9:33 +: cf. 2 S 3:26, 1 S 18:13 ויסירהו שׁאול מעמו; and מַעִם פְּנֵי Gn 44:29, Jb 1:12. † Sq. a word denoting a place, Gn 48:12 וַיּוֹחֵא יוֹסֵָף אֹתָם מֵעִם בִּרְכָּיו, Ex 21:14 מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי (cf. 1 S 2:33), Ju 9:37 מֵעִם טַבּוּר הארץ, 1 S 20:34 מֵעִם הַשֻּׁלְחָן; Jb 28:4 מֵעִם גָּר away from, far from (si vera l.). † b. Gn 24:27 אשׁר לא עזב חסדו מעם אֲדֹנִי (cf. with הכרית 1 S 20:15, הסיר 2 S 7:15, 1 Ch 17:13 (‖ 2 S 7:15 מן), הפיר Ps 89:34); Ru 4:10 לאֹ־יִכָּרֵת שֵׁם מֵעִם. † c. From the possession, or custody, of (cf. עִם 3 b, c): so with גזל Gn 31:31, ערב to take in pledge 44:32, גנב Ex 22:11, יחא (subj. a slave; cf. עם 3 a) Lv 25:41, Dt 15:16 (cf. with שִׁלַּח חָפְשִׁי Dt 15:12, 15:13, 15:18, Je 34:14, הִנָּחֵל Dt 23:16), לקח 2 S 3:15, קנה 24:21. † d. Expressing origination or authorship: 1 S 20:7 כִּי כָֽלְתָה הָרָעָה מֵעִמּוֹ, v:9; v:33 (cf. מֵאֵת Est 7:17); esp. of י׳ (cf. מֵאֵת c), Gn 41:32 נָכוֹן הַדָּבָר מֵעִם הא׳ is established from, on the part of, God, 1 K 2:33 מעם י׳ …שׁלום , 12:15 (2 Ch 10:15) כִי הָֽיְתָה סִבָּה מעם י׳, Is 8:18 signs and portents מעם י׳, 28:29 יחאה גם זאת מעם י׳, 29:6, Ps 121:2 עֶזְרִי מעם י׳ Ru 2:12. And of a judgment proceeding from any one: 2 S 3:28 נקי מעם י׳ = pronounced guiltness by י׳, Jb 34:33 הֲמֵעִמְְּ at thy judgment shall he requite ? (cf. מִן 2 d end).

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עִמָּנוּאֵל n.pr.m. Immanuēl (with us is God);—י׳ Is 7:14 van d. H. Baer; עִמָּנוּ אֵל Gi;—name of child, symbolizing presence of י׳ to deliver his people (on interpret. v. Comm.)—עִמָּנוּ אֵל 8:8, 8:10 is declaration of trust and confidence, with us is God ! (cf. Ps 46:8, 46:12); v. עִם.

† II. [עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side) (Ar. عَمُّ paternal uncle, etc., v. I. עמם; cf. perh. TelAm. ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nab. עם ancestor cf. Lzb:151, 499; v. also esp. Nes:Eg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322f. Krenkel:ib. viii (1888), 280–84);—sf. עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי (q. v.), and n. pr. sqq.; elsewhere pl. sf. עַמֶּיְ Nu 27:13, 31:2 (Lv 19:16 read עַמְְּ LXX Sam), + (poss.) עֲמַָמֶיְ Ju 5:14; עַמָּיו Gn 25:8 + 15 t., עַמֶּיהָ 17:14 + 3 t.; read עַמֶּי (for MT עַמִּי, I. עַם; cf. Krenkel:l. c. 281) Gn 49:29 and perh. Ju 14:3 (cf. Lv 21:14); acc. to Buhl Kit also 2 K 4:13; —father's kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Gn 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Shₑ’ôl), so v:17, 35:29, 49:33, Nu 20:24, Dt 32:50, cf. Gn 49:29 (v. supr.), Nu 27:13, 31:2, Dt 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gn 17:4 (severed from living kinsmen), so Lv 7:20, 7:21, 7:23, 7:27, 19:8, 23:29, Nu 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Ex 31:14, cf. 30:33, 30:38, Lv 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה 21:14 (H), and perh. Ju 14:3 (sim. I. עַם: [םָ, הָּ] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ Lv 17:4, 17:10, 18:29 +); other combin. Ju 5:14 (si vera l. read perh. בְּעַמְֶָּ, v. I. עַם 2 d ), Lv 21:1, 21:4, 21:15 (H), Ez 18:18 and (perh.) 2 K 4:13.—בֶּן־עַמִּי (v. p. 122 b) perh. = son of my kinsman; on n.pr. c. עַם v. Gray:Prop. N. 41 ff.

† I. [עֻמָּה] n.f. juxtaposition, but only in st. c. with force a prep. close by, side by side with, parallel to, agreeing with, corresponding to;—st. c. עֻמַּת, exc. Ec 5:15 always c. לְ, sf. לְעֻמָּתוֹ, once pl. cstr. לְעֻמּוֹת Ez 45:7; —a. close by, side by side with: Ex 25:27 (37:14), 28:27 (39:20), Lv 3:9 לְעֻמַּת הֻעָחֶה יְסִירֶנָּה shall take it away close by the backbone; esp. of what is parallel, Ez 42:7 the wall alongside of the chambers; of the contiguous portions in Ezek.'s division of the land, alongside of each other, Ez 45:6, 45:7, 48:13, 48:18, 48:18, 48:21; of movement in parallel lines, 2 S 16:13 Shimei was going along לְעֻמָּתוֹ parallel with him, v:13, Ez 1:20 וְהָאוֹפַנִּים יִנָּֽשְׂאוּ לְעֻמָּתָם, v:21, 3:13, 10:19, 11:22; 3:8 נָתַתִּי פָנֶיְ חֲזָקִים לְעֻמַּת פְּנֵיהֶם by the side of their face (which, as antagonism is implied, = against, RV), v:8. b. agreeing with, corresponding to (a common result of juxtaposition), Ex 38:18 a screen five cubits high לעמת קלעי החחר agreeing with (RV answerable unto) the hangings of the court (in height), Ez 40:18; prob. also 1 Ch 26:16, Ne 12:24 מִשְׁמָר מִשְׁמָר ל׳ ward corresponding to ward. c. correspondingly to, 1 Ch 24:31 they also cast lots לְעֻמַּת אֲחֵיהֶם correspondingly to their brethren, v:b the head, correspondinly to his younger brother, 26:12 to these…belonged charges correspondingly to (in common with) their brethren. d. before a sentence (Ges:§ 155 n), 1 Ch 25:8 (strangely) לְעֻמַּת כַּקָּטֹן כַּגָּדוֹל (v. Ke) correspondingly to (the principle) of as the small so the great; Ec 5:15 כָּל־עֻמַּת שֶׁכָּא quite exactly as he came, so shall he go (but Lambert:RÉJ xxxi. 47, Rahlfs:Th. Lt. -z. 1896, 587 כִּלְעֻמַּת). e. מִלְּעֻמַּת (v. מִן 1 c, 9 a) 1 K 7:20 close beside.

† II. עֻמָּה n.pr.loc. Jos 19:30, v. עַכּוֹ.

עַמּוֹן:106 n.pr.gent. Ammon, LXX Αμμαν, Αμμων (As. Bît Ammanu COT:Gloss.); always (except 1 S 11:11 [where however LXX rds. בְּנֵי ע׳], Ps 83:8, which have ע׳ alone) בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, connected by J with בֶּן־עַמִּי son of Lot Gn 19:38 (and meaning of name doubtless sought herein by J; cf. II. עַם); people apparently akin to Isr., but usu. hostile, dwelling E. of Jordan, NE. of Moab, between Arnon and Jabbok: Nu 21:24, 21:24 (JE), Dt 2:19, 2:19, 2:37, 3:11, 3:16, Jos 12:2, 13:10 (D), v:25 (P), Ju 3:13, 10:6 + 25 t. Ju 10–12, 1 S 11:11, 12:12, 14:47, 2 S 8:12, 10:1 + 14 t. 2 S 1012, 17:27, 1 K 11:7, 11:33, 2 K 23:13, 24:2, 1 Ch 18:11 + 20 t. Ch, Am 1:13, Is 11:14, Je 9:25 + 9 t. Je, Zp 2:8, 2:9, Ez 21:25, 21:33 + 5 t. Ez 25, Dn 11:41.—Vid. Che:Ammon in Ency. Bib.

770

עַמּוֹנִי, עַמֹּנִי adj. gent. Ammonite;—abs. ms. עַמּוֹנִי as subst. Dt 23:4 an Ammonite (generic), so עַמֹּנִי Ne 13:1; הָעַמּוֹנִי of individual 1 S 11:1, 11:2, 2 S 23:37 = 1 Ch 11:39, Ne 2:19, so הָיַמֹּנִי 2:10, 3:35; fs. הָעַמֹּנִית 1 K 14:21 = 2 Ch 12:13, 1 K 14:31, so הָעַמּוֹנִית 2 Ch 24:26; הָעַמֹּנִי as subst. coll. Ezr 9:1; mpl. as subst. עַמֹּנִים 1 K 11:5, הָע׳ Dt 2:20, Ne 4:1, הָעַמּוֹ׳ 2 Ch 26:8 (on 20:1 v. מְעוּנִים); fpl. as adj. עַמֳּנִיֹּת 1 K 11:1, so Ne 13:23 Qr, Kt עמוניות.

עַמִּיאֵל n.pr.m. (my kinsman is God, Gray:Prop. N. 254);—LXX Αμ(με)ιηλ:

1. E. Jordan name 2 S 9:4, 9:5, 17:27.

2. a Danite Nu 13:12 (P).

3. David's father-in-law 1 Ch 3:5 (= אֱלִיעָם 2 S 11:3).

4. son of Obed Edom 1 Ch 26:5.

עַמִּיהוּד n.pr.m. (my kinsman is majesty);—LXX (Σ)εμιουδ, Αμιουδ, etc.:

1. a Geshurite 2 S 13:37 Qr (> Kt עַמִּיחוּר, cf. Dr al., Gray:Prop. N. 43).

2. an Ephraimite Nu 1:10, 2:18, 7:48, 7:53, 10:22 (all P), 1 Ch 7:26.

3. a Simeonite Nu 34:20.

4. a Naphtalite Nu 34:28.

5. a Judahite 1 Ch 9:4.

עַמִּיזָבָד n.pr.m. (my kinsman hath bestowed; cf. זָבָד, אֶלְזָבָד, יְהוֹזָבָד, זַבְדִּיאֵל, זְבַדְיָה, and, esp. on Palm. equiv., v. Gray:Prop. N. 223 f. also Lzb:265 Cook:46 f.);—son of Benaiah 1 Ch 27:6, LXX Λαιβαζαθ, A Αμιραζαθ, LXXL Αμειναζαβαδ.

עמיחור 2 S 13:37 Kt v. עַמִּיהוּד. above

עַמִּינָדָב n.pr.m. (my kinsman is noble);—LXX Αμ(ε)ιναδαβ:

1. Aaron's father-in-law Ex 6:23, Nu 1:7, 2:3, 7:12, 7:17, 10:14 (all P), Ru 4:19, 4:20, 1 Ch 2:10, 2:10.

2. Levites: a. 1 Ch 6:7. b. 15:10, 15:11.

עַמִּישַׁדָָּי n.pr.m. (my kinsman is Shadai):—a Danite Nu 1:12, 2:25, 7:66, 7:71, 10:25, LXX Αμ(ε)ισαδαι, LXXL Αμισαδε.

† II. [עָמַם] vb. darken, dim (NH id.; Ar. غَمَّ cover, veil, conceal; Targum עֲמַם grow dark);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. עֲמָמֻהוּ Ez 31:8 dub., but prob. (as Thes) cedars did not eclipse him; עֲמָמוְּ 28:3 no secret do they hold dark (= is held dark) for thee (Ges:§ 117 x). Hoph. Impf. 3 ms. יוּעַם זָהָב La 4:1 (fig.) how is the gold dimmed ! cf. Bu.

עֲמָמִים, עַמְמֵי v. I. עַם supr. p. 766

עִמָּנוּאֵל v. sub עִם supr. p. 769

† [עָמַס, ?עָמַשׂ] vb. 1. load. 2. carry a load (NH id.; Ph. עמס carry; cf. poss. Ar. عَمِسَ gravis et obscurus fuit dies (Frey));—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲמֹס Gn 44:13, יַעֲמָס־ Ps 68:20; Pt. act. עֹמְסִים Ne 13:15; עֹמְשִׂים 4:11 (but v. infr.); sf. עֹמְסֶיהָ Zc 12:3; pass. עֲמֻסִים Is 46:3, עֲמוּסוֹת v:1; —

1. load (obj. om.) upon (עַל) ass Gn 44:13 (E), Ne 13:15; so abs. 4:11, lit., si vera l. (v. Be-Ry Ryle); but rd. prob. חֲמֻשִׁים Ry:Kau.

2. carry a load Ps 68:20 (י׳, for (ל) his people), carry as a load Zc 12:3 (fig.), pass. Is 46:1 (lit.), v:3 (fig.).

עָמוֹס n.pr.m. Amos the prophet;—Am 1:1, 7:8, 7:10, 7:11, 7:12, 7:14, 8:2, LXX Αμως.

עֲמַסְיָה n.pr.m. name is Judah 2 Ch 17:16, LXX Μασαιας, LXXL Αμασιας (cf. Ph. אשמנעמס, בעלעמס CIS:i. 139, 169, 719, v. also Gray:Prop. N. 296 f.).

מַעֲמָסָה n.f. load, burden;—אֶבֶן מ׳ Zc 12:3 a stone of burden = heavy stone, hard to lift.

עַמְעָד n.pr.loc. in Asher, Jos 19:26, LXX Αμιηλ, A Αμαδ, LXXL Αλφααδ.

† [עָמֹק, Lag:BN 28] vb. be deep (NH in deriv.; Ar. عَمُقَ; Eth. 9amaqa: prob. As. [emêḳu] III. 2 implore (earnestly; ‘ from bottom of one's soul ’), emûḳu, might, nîmeḳu, wisdom (? as unfathomable); Targum in deriv.; Syr. in der. spec.);—Qal Pf. 3 mpl. עָֽמְקוּ Ps 92:6 (of י׳'s designs; cf. As. supr.). Hiph. make deep: Pf. 3 ms. (symbol.) הֶעְמִיק הִרְחִָב Is 30:33 (sc. Tophet; van d. H. הֶעֱמִיק, and so in foll.); 3 mpl. הֶעְמִיקוּ Ho 5:2 the pit of Shittim (?) have they made deep (reading שַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים We Now, cf. Che Gu:Kau); הֶעְמִיקוּ סָרָה Is 31:6 (fig.) they have made deep (their) apostasy; sq. vb., with adverbial force שִׁחֵתֻ֖וּ ה׳ Ho 9:9 = they are in the depth of corruption (v. שׁחת); Imv. mpl. הֶעְמִיקוּ (Ges:§ 63 o), sq. inf. Je 49:8, 49:30 make deep to dwell (of hiding, so most; > Gie take an abject seat, as 13:18, 48:18); Pt. הַמַּעֲמִיקִים לַסְתִּר Is 29:15 they who deeply hide fr. י׳ (their) counsel; Inf. abs. הַעְמֵק Is 7:11 = Imv. make deep (ask a sign in the depths of Shₑ’ôl, reading שְׁאָֹלָה; opp. הַגְבֵּהַּ).

עֵ֫מֶק:70 n.m.:Mi 1:4 vale (prop. deepening, depth, v. GASm:Geogr. 384 f. 654 f.; cf. בִּקְעָה, גַּיְא, נַחַל);—י׳ abs. Jos 8:13 +, cstr. Gn 14:17 +; sf. עִמְקֵח Je 49:4, עִמְקָם 47:5 (but v. infr.); pl. עֲמָקִים Mi 1:4, sf. עֲמָקַיִח Is 22:7; —vale, valley, lowland, opp. הֶהָרִים Mi 1:4, amid mts., e.g. about Jerus. Is 22:7, Je 31:40, so perh. לשׁוֵה ע׳ Gn 14:17 = הַמֶּלֶח ע׳ v:17, 2 S 18:18, cf. תֶבְרוֹן ע׳ Gn 37:14 (J), בְּגִבְעוֹן ע׳ Is 28:21, Jos 8:13 (JE), הָאֵלָה ע׳ 1 S 17:2, 17:19, 21:10 (perh. Wady es-Sant, in Shephelah, W. of Bethlehem, GASm:Geogr. 226); אֲשֶׁר לְבֵית רְחוֹב ע׳ Ju 18:28 in extreme north; in Moab Je 48:8 (‖ [opp.?] מִישׁוֹר); or wider, e.g. Ju 5:15 (scene of Sisera's defeat; rd. perh. ע׳ also for עֲמָלֵק v:14 GFM), יִזְרְעֶָאל ע׳ Ju 6:33, Ho 1:5, Jos 17:16 (JE), cf. Ju 7:1, 7:8, 7:12, 1 S 31:7 = 1 Ch 10:7, these all perh. narrow ends of plain (cf. GASm:l.c.), but v. 1 K 20:28 (opp. הֶהָרִים; ‖מִישׁוֹר v:23; = open country, cf. Aphek v:26); of Jordan-valley Jos 13:19, 13:27 (P); of maritime plain (opp. הָהָר) Ju 1:19, 1:34; fit for chariots, so also אֶרֶץ הָע׳ Jos 17:16 (P), cf. Jb 39:21; ישֶׁבֶת הָע׳ Je 21:13, cf. Nu 14:25 (v. Gie di); cultivated 1 S 6:13, Je 49:4, 49:4, Jb 39:10, fertile 1 Ch 27:29, Ps 65:14, Ct 2:1; v. also אַיָּלוֹן, בָּכָא, כְּרָכָה, II. חָרוּץ, יְהוֹשָׁפָט, סֻכּוֹת, עָכוֹר, קְחִיץ, רְפָאִים, שִׂדִּים; בֵּית הָע׳ v. p. 112 a.—For עִמְקָם Je 47:5 rd. עֲנָקִם Anakim LXX Thes Hi Gf Gie Co Rothst; so also (more dub.) 1 Ch 12:16 (van d. H. v:15) Gf Gie, where otherwise הָע׳ = people of valleys.

771

עֹ֫מֶק n. [m.] depth;—abs. Pr 25:3; pl. cstr. עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל 9:18 (Kö:ii. 1, 32).

† [עָמֵק] adj. deep, unfathomable;—pl. cstr. עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה (Ges:§ 93 ii) i.e. unintelligible of speech Is 33:19, Ez 3:5, 3:6.—Pr 9:18 v. עֹמֶק.

עָמֹק:17 adj. deep (cf. Ba:NB § 23 b);—

1. ע׳ lit. Lv 13:3 + 6 t. Lv 13; f. עֲמֻקָּה of cup Ez 23:32, trench Pr 22:14, 23:27 (all 3 in sim.); מִשְּׁאוֹל ע׳ Jb 11:8 (fig.); pl. מַיִם עֲמֻקִּים (sim.) Pr 18:4, 20:5.

2. = unsearchable עָמֹקּ Ps 64:7, Ec 7:24, 7:24; pl. עֲמֻקוֹת (Baer עֲמוּקוֹת, van d. H. עֲמֻקּוֹת) Jb 12:22.

עָמוֹק n. pr. m. a priest Ne 12:7, 12:20, Αμουκ.

מַעֲמַקִּים n. m. pl. depths;—abs. מ׳ Ps 130:1 (fig.); cstr. lit. מַעֲמַקֵּי־יָם Is 51:10; fig. מַיִם מ׳ Ez 27:34 (fall of Tyre), Ps 69:3, 69:15 (distress).

I. עמר (√ of foll.; mng. dub., perh. related to Ar. غَمُرَ be abundant (of water), surpass, overtop; NH עוֹמֶר, עָמִיר = BH; Targum עָוּמְרָא, עֲמִירָא = BH 1. עֹמֶר).

†I. עֹ֫מֶר n. m.:Lv 23:11 sheaf (swath, row of fallen grain, Wetzst:Z. f. Ethnol. 1873, 273 (Syr. Dreschtafel), ag. him Vogelstein:Landwirthschaft in Pal, 61 who trans. heap of sheaves);—ע׳ abs. Dt 24:19, Lv 23:11, 23:12, 23:15, cstr. v:10; fig. of food (abs.) Jb 24:10; pl. עֳמָרִים lit. Ru 2:7, 2:15.

†II. עֹ֫מֶר n.m.:Ex 16:22 omer (cf. Ar. غُمَرُ small drinking cup or bowl; relation to 1. ע׳ obscure);—a measure, only Ex 16; —the measure itself v:18, v:32, v:33; amount measured v:16, v:22; = 1/10 ephah v:36; LXX γόμορ.

עָמִיר n. [m.] swath, row of fallen grain (hay, as Mishn., acc. to Vogelstein:l. c. 74 f. (who is then compelled to rd. עֹמֶר Mi 4:12), cf. Syr. ܥܡܺܝܪ grass, Schwally:Idiot. 69);—Am 2:13 (on cart), Je 9:21 (falling behind reaper), Mi 4:12 (brought to threshing-floor), Zc 12:6 (inflammable).

† [עִמֵּר] vb. Pi. denom. bind sheaves (NH id., so Targum Ps 129:7, cf. Chr PalAram. Schwally:Idiot. 69);—Pt. מְעַמֵּר Ps 129:7 (in sim.; ‖קוֹחֵר).

†II. [עָמַר] vb. Hithp. deal tyrannically with (ב) (Ar. غَمِرَ cherish enmity, rancour, malice, III. plunge into a conflict, غِمْرُ rancour, malice);—Pf. 3 ms. וְהִתְעַמֶּר־ consec. Dt 24:7; Impf. 2 ms. תִּתְעַמֵּר 21:14.

עֲמֹרָה:19 n. pr. loc. Gomorrah, Γομορρα (Γ = غ; √ II. עמר acc. to Lag:BN 54);—alw. c. סְדֹם q. v.; Gn 10:19 + 8 t. Gn, in sim. Am 4:11, Is 1:9, 13:19, Dt 29:22, Je 49:18, 50:40, Zp 2:9, cf. Dt 32:32; fig. of iniquity Is 1:10, Je 23:14.

III. עמר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. عَمَرَ, عَمِرَ live, live long; also worship; n. pr. عُمَرُ etc.; RS:K 266 prop. mng. worshipper, עָמְרִי worshipper of י׳ (cf. We:Skizzen iii. 165) against him Nö:ZMG xl (1886), 185, who cp. meaning live, عُمْرُ, عَمْرُ life).

עָמְרִי:18 n .pr. m. 1. Omri, king Israel (MI:4, MI:5, MI:7 עמרי; in As. Ḫumri COT:Gloss);—1 K 16:16 + 11 t. 1 K 16, 2 K 8:26 = 2 Ch 22:2, Mi 6:16, LXX (ζ)αμβρ(ε)ι. 2. a. name in Benj. 1 Ch 7:8. b. in Judah 9:4. c. in Issachar 27:18.

עַמְרָם:14 n. pr. m. (√ עמר Nö:ZMG xl (1886), 185; poss. רָם + עַם Thes, cf. Gray:Prop. N. 45, 47, 51);—

1. father of Moses Ex 6:18, 6:20, 6:20 + 4 t. P, 1 Ch 5:28, 5:29 + 4 t. Ch. Αμ(β)ραμ[ν].

2. Ezr 10:34.

עַמְרָמִי adj. gent. of 1, c. art. as n.coll. Nu 3:27, 1 Ch 26:23.

עמשׂ v. עמס p. 770

עֲמָשָׂא n. pr. m. (cf. עמס, ענשׂ ? or read עַמִּשַׂי (II. עַם + יִשַׂי), We:Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. 24, cf. Gray Prop. N. 44, 323);—

1. Absalom's general 2 S 17:25, 17:25, 19:14 + 8 t. 2 S 20, 1 K 2:5, 2:32, 1 Ch 2:17, 2:17, LXX Αμεσσ(α)ει, LXXL Αμεσσα.

2. Ephraimite 2 Ch 28:12.

772

עֲמָשַׂי n.pr.m. (cf. foreg.);—

1. warrior of David 1 Ch 12:19 (van d. H. v:18), Αμασαι, perh. = אֲבִישִׁי (2 S 23:18).

2. Levites: a. 1 Ch 6:10, 6:20 (עֲמָשָָׂי). b. 2 Ch 29:12. c. priest 1 Ch 15:24.

עֲמַשְׁסַי n.pr.m. (prob. textual error for foreg., Ol:§ 2771, cf. Thes:1044);—a priest Ne 11:13, Αμασεια [-σαι], = מַעֲשַׂי 1 Ch 9:12 (Μαασαια [-σει]).

ענב (√ of foll.; cf. NH עֵנָב = BH; Ar. عِنْبُ id.; Sab. אנעב vineyards SabDenkm:47; Mordtm:ZMG xli (1887), 309, 364; Targum עִנָּכָא; perh. also As. inbu, fruit (and not = אֵב q. v.), cf. Hom:A. und A.94).

עֵנָב n.m.:Gn 40:11 grape(s) (on formation cf. Lag:BN 153);—ע׳ abs. Dt 32:14 (coll.); elsewhere pl. עֲנָבִים Gn 40:10 +; cstr. עִנְּכֵי (Ges:§ 20 h) Lv 25:5, Dt 32:32; sf. עֲנָבֵמוֹ v:32; —grapes Gn 10:40, 40:11 (E), Am 9:13 (all as yielding juice for drink), Ho 9:10 (sim.), Is 5:2, 5:4 (parable), Je 8:13, Ne 13:15, Lv 25:5 (H); מִשְׁרַת ע׳ Nu 6:3 (P), poet. דַּם־ע׳ Gn 49:11, Dt 32:14; בִּכּוּרֵי ע׳ Nu 13:20, אֶשְׁכּוֹל ע׳ v:23 (JE); eaten Dt 23:25, so לַתִים וִיבֵשִׁים ע׳ Nu 6:3; אֲשִׁישֵׁי ע׳ Ho 3:1 raisen-cakes; רוֹשׁ ע׳ Dt 32:32 grapes of poison.

עֲנָב n. pr. loc. in hill-country of Judah Jos 11:21, 15:50, Αναβ(ωθ), Ανωβ[ν], mod. ï‘Anab, 18 1/2 miles SW. from Hebron, Buhl:Geogr. 164.

עָנוּב n.pr.m. 1 Ch 4:8, Εννων, LXXL Ανωβ.

† [עָנֹג, Lag:BN 31] vb. be soft, delicate, dainty (NH id. Pi. make soft, pliable, live or spend in enjoyment; Ar. غَنِجَ use amorous behaviour, affect langour);—Pu. Pt. f. הַמְּעֻנָּגָה Je 6:2 daintily bred, fig. of Jerusalem. Hithp. 1. be of dainty habit, Inf. cstr. הִתְעַנֵּג Dt 28:56 (woman, ‖רֹךְ). 2. take exquisite delight, Pf. 3 pl. וְהִתְעַנְּגוּ consec Ps 37:11 (עַל rei); 2 mpl. וְהִתְעַנַּגְתֶּם consec. Is 66:11 (מִן rei); Impf. 3 ms. יִתְעַנָּ֑ג Jb 27:10; 2 ms. תִּתְעַנַּג Is 58:14, תִּתְעַנָּ֑ג Jb 22:26 (all c. [שַׁדַּי] עַל־י׳); 3 fs. תִּתְעַנַּג Is 55:2 (ב rei); Imv. ms. הִתְעַנַּג עַל־י׳ Ps 37:4. 3. c. עַל, in bad sense, make merry over, make sport of, Impf. 2 mpl. עַל־מִי תִּתְעַנָּ֑גוּ Is 57:4.

עֹ֫נֶג n.[m.] daintiness, exquisite delight;—הֵיכְלֵי ע׳ Is 13:22; וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת ע׳ 58:13.

עָנֹג adj. dainty;—הֶע׳ Dt 28:54 man; הָעֲנֻגָּה v:56 woman; Is 47:1 (Bab. personif.); all ‖[ה]רכ.

תַּעֲנוּג n.[m.] daintiness, luxury, exquisite delight;—

1. luxury: ת׳ Pr 19:10; elsewhere pl.; cstr. תַּעֲנֻגוֹת Ec 2:8.

2. sf. בְּנֵי תַּעֲנוּנָ֑יִךְ Mi 1:16 thy dainty sons; בֵּית תַּעֲנֻגֶיהָ 2:9 her (their) dainty house(s), > of tender love (rdg. בְּנֵי 2:9 We Now.

3. delight of love, pl. abs. בַּתַּעֲנוּגִים Ct 7:7 (Perles:Anal. 22 f. conj. בַּת עַמִּינָדָב).

† [עָנַד] vb. bind around, upon (cf. Ar. عَنَدَ turn aside fr. way; Syr. ܥܢܰܕ defecit, defuit; cf. also עִמָּדִי (for עִמִּי));—Qal Impf. 1 s. לִי אֶעֶנְרֶנּוּ Jb 31:36 (obj. garland, in fig.); Imv. sf. עָנְדֵם Pr. 6:21 (fig.; ‖קָשַׁר).

מַעֲדַנּוֹת n.f.pl. bonds, bands; so appar. כִּימָה הַתְקַשֵּׁר מ׳ Jb 38:31 (by metath. or err. from √ ענד, v. Di Bu).—1 S 15:32 v. מ׳ p. 588 supr.

I. עָנָה vb. answer, respond (NH id., respond, make response; Targum עֲנָא; Syr. ܥܢܳܐ; OAram. Palm. ענה; cf. Ar. عني, عَنَا intend by saying);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Mi 6:5 +; sf. עָנַנִי 1 S 28:15 +, עָנָךְ Is 30:19, Je 23:37, עָנָהוּ 1 S 9:17 +; 1 s. עָנִיתִי Ho 14:9, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲנֶה Gn 41:16 +, וַיַּעַן Am 7:14 +, sf. יַעֲנֵנִי Jb 20:3 +, etc.; Imv. עֲנֵה Mi 6:3, Pr 26:5 etc.; Inf. cstr. עֲנוֹת Gn 45:3 + [2 S 22:36 v. עֲנָוָה]; Pt. עֹנֶה Ju 19:28 +, etc.;—

1. answer, respond to sthg. said, actual or implied, Ju 8:8, 1 S 4:20, Jb 9:15 +; esp. a. of men, c. acc. pers. Gn 45:3 (E), Ju 5:29, 2 K 18:36 = Is 36:21, Jb 5:1 + very oft. (c. 110 t.); specif. be responsive, i.e. answer kindly, grant request 1 K 12:7 (sf. pers.); = be amenable, docile (toward י׳) Ho 2:17 (of Isr. in fig.); seldom and late, c. acc. of thing replied to, Jb 32:12, 33:13 (De Di Bu), 40:2. b. of God answering (graciously): usu. c. acc. pers.; by oracle 1 S 14:37, 28:6, 28:15 +, fig. Hb 2:11; by deed 1 S 7:9, 1 K 18:37, 18:37, cf. בָּאֵשׁ v:24, 1 Ch 21:26, and esp. Ho 2:23, 2:24, 14:9, v. also Mi 3:4, Is 41:17, 49:8, Je 33:3, Jb 12:4 +, esp. PsalmPsalm, e.g. 3:5, 4:2, 20:2 + 33 t., etc. (in all c. 77 t.). c. rarely c. acc., or cl., of answer: אֶת־שְׁלוֹם פַּרְעֹה אלהים יַע׳ Gn 41:16, Jb 15:2, Pr 18:23; Ne 8:6 they responded, Amen ! 2 S 19:43 they made reply against Isr. (c. עַל against, only here), + quoted answer; c. acc. pers. + answer 1 S 20:28 Jonathan answered Saul, David asked leave, etc.; c. 2. acc. (c. 20 t.) 2 K 18:36 = Is 36:21, Jb 23:5 +; so = grant, vouchsafe to, נוֹרָאוֹת תַּעֲנֵנוּ Ps 65:6 terrible things dost thou [י׳] vouchsafe to us. d. oft. + אָמַר Gn 18:27 Abr. answered and said, Ex 4:1 (J), 19:8 (E), Jb 4:1 6:1 etc.; + אָמַר אֶל־ Gn 27:39 + 16 t.; + לְ א׳ v:37 + 8 t.; י׳ + acc. pers. + אמר, 1 S 9:8 he answered Saul and said, + 23t. (in all c. 130 t.); seldom + לֵאמֹרNu 32:31 (P), ע׳ + acc. pers. + עא׳ Gn 23:5, 23:10, 23:14 (P), 41:16, 42:22 (E), Jos 1:16 (D) †. e. seldom + דִּבֶּר Jos 22:21 (P), 2 K 1:10, 1:11, 1:12; ע׳ + acc. pers. + ר׳ Gn 34:13 (P).

2. a. respond to an occasion, speak in view of circumstances : 1 S 9:17 (acc. pers. + quot.), Ju 18:14 ( + אָמַר), Nu 11:28 (JE ; + id.), 2 K 1:11 (+ id.), + 19 t. b fig. יַעֲנֶה אֶת־הַכֹּל Ec 10:19; money meets all demands. †

3. a. specif. respond as a witness, testify, so perh. pt. עֹנֶה (abs.) Mal 2:12 (in good sense); c. בְּ pers.= in the case of = for Gn 30:33; usu. against, 1 S 12:3, 2 S 1:16, Is 3:9, 59:12, Mi 6:3, Je 14:7, Nu 35:30 (P), Ru 1:21 (> Be be occupied with, II. ענה; Vrss Luth Kit:Kau עִנָּה humiliate); c. בְּפָנָיו Ho 5:5, 7:10, Jb 16:8; c. לְפָנָיו Dt 31:21 (+ לְעֵד as witness); c. בְּ pers. + acc. of charge, סָרָה 19:16, of false witness שֶׁקֶר v:18, עֵד־שֶׁקֶר Ex 20:16 (Ginsb v:13), ‖ Dt 5:17, Pr 25:18: abs. (bad implic.) Ex 23:2 (E ; עַל concerning). b. less oft. make response as one accused (respondent) Jb 9:14, 9:15. †Niph. 1. make answer, subj. י׳, c. ל pers., Pf. 1 S. נַעֲנֵיתִי Ez 14:4; Pt. נַעֲנֶה (Qal not in Ez). 2. be answered: Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָנֶה, a. Jb 11:2 (subj. words). b. of man = receive answer Pr 21:3, so 1 S. אֵעָנֶה Jb 19:7. † Hiph. Pt. מַעֲנֶה בְּשִׂמְחַת לִבּוֹ Ec 5:19, wholly dub.; Hi (God) causes (all things) to respond in the joy of his heart; De answers to the joy, etc.; de Jong Wild occupies him (II. עָנָה) with the joy, etc.

773

† [עֹנָה] n.f. cohabitation (NH עוֹנָה time, also = BH; poss. response or correspondence, commerce, from above √; or else euphemist., specific time, SS (cf. Ba:ES 17, from √ أني); Thes from עון dwell);—sf. עֹנָתָהּ Ex 21:10 (E) i.e. her marriage rights.—Ho 10:10 v. עָוֹן

עֵת:297 n.f:Am 5:13 and (seldom, mostly late) m.:Ezr 10:14 time (NH id.; Ph. עת; As. inu, ittu, time; Talm. עַנְתָּא; clearly fr. a √ ענה, but doubtful whether I. ע׳ );—abs. ע׳ Ho 10:12 + , cstr. ע׳ Gn 24:12 + עֶת־ Lv 15:25 + 5t.; sf. עִתּוֹ Ho 2:11 +, etc.; pl., late, עִתִּים 1 Ch 12:32 +, sf. עִתֶּיְ, Is 33:6; עִתּוֹת Ps 9:10, 10:1, sf. עִתֹּתָָי 31:16; —ע׳ only twice P, once H;—

1. time of an event, etc.: a. usu. (213 t.) c. prep.: c. בְּ (142 t.), esp. הַהִוא בָּע׳ Gn 21:22 (E) in that time, 38:1 (J), Nu 22:4 (E), Dt 1:9 + 14 t. Dt; הַהִיא בָּע׳ Jos 5:2 Am 5:13, Dn 12:1, 12:1. + (69 t., not in P); הַזּאֹת בָּע׳ Est 4:14, בָּעִתִּים הָהֵם 2 Ch 15:5, Dn 11:14; בְּכָל־עֵת at all times Ex 18:22, 18:26 (E), Lv 16:2 (P) Ps 34:2 +; = continually Pr 8:30, בְּכָל־עֵת אֲשֶׁר Est 5:13 as long as I see Mordecai; c. לְ (31 t.; cf. ל 6, p. 516 supr.), 2 S 11:1 + at the time, but Ez 12:27 for distant times, cf. לְעֵת כָּזאֹת Est 4:14, etc.; c. כְּ (21 t.; cf. כ 1 a, p. 453 supr.), †הַזּאֹת מָחָר כָּע׳ Jos 11:6 (JE) tomorrow about this time, usu. מָחָר כָּע׳ (Kö:Synt. 401 o) Ex 9:18 (J), 1 S 9:16 (cf. Dr), 20:12, 1 K 19:2, 20:6, 2 K 7:1, 7:18, 10:6 †; כָּעֵת חַיָה v. p. 312; † כָּעֵת הָרִאשׁוֹן Is 8:23 at the former time; כָּעֵת alone Nu 23:23 (JE) at this time = now (prob., cf. Di), Ju 13:23, 21:22 †, etc.; c. מִן (8 t.), מִן הָעֵת הַהִא Ne 13:21, etc.; c. עַד (12 t.), הַהִיא עַד־הָע׳ Ne 6:1 up to that time, מֵעֵת עַד־עֵת Ez 4:10, 4:11 etc. (5 t. Dn); c. אל־, מֵעֵת אֶל־עֵת 1 Ch 9:25. b oft. cstr. defined by n.foll.: בְּעֵת חָהֳרָָיִם Je 20:16, עֶרֶב(הָ)לְעֵת 2 S 11:12, Gn 8:11, 24:11 (both J), Is 17:14, Zc 14:7; עַד־עֵת הָעָָרֶב Jos 8:29 (JE), כְּעֵת מִנְחַת עֶרֶב Dn 9:21, redundantly לְעֶת־יוֹם בְּיוֹם 1 Ch 12:22, קָחִיר(ה) ע׳ Je 50:16, 51:33, הַוָּמִיר ע׳ Ct 2:12, וִקְנָה ע׳ 1 K 11:4, 15:23, Ps 71:9, אַפְְּ בְּע׳ Je 18:23 = פָּנְיְ לְע׳ Ps 21:10 (of anger), לְעִתּוֹת בַּצָּרָה 9:10, 10:1 at time destitution (v. בַּצָּרָה), etc. c. sq. inf. בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ לְע׳ Jos 10:27 (JE), 2 Ch 18:34, קָרְאָם בְּע׳ Je 11:14a (rd. בְּעֵת also v:b, Gie), etc. d. sq. cl. c. vb. fin. (poet. or late) Dt 32:35, Jb 6:17, 2 Ch 20:22, 24:11, 29:27 + (cf. 2 c).

2. a. = usual time: חֵאת לְע׳ 2 S 11:1 at time of kings' going forth = 1 Ch 20:1; בְּעֵת יַחֵם Gn 31:10; עֵת לֶדֶת Jb 39:1, 39:2. b. proper, suitable time: rain בְּעִתּוֹ Dt 11:14, Je 5:24 +, cf. Lv 26:4 (H), also Ps 1:3, 104:27, 145:15, Pr 15:23, Is 60:22, Ec 3:11 עֵת מִלְחָמָה v:8; שָׁלוֹם ע׳ v:8; sq. inf. Ho 10:12, הַעֵת לָקַחַת 2 K 5:26 is it a time to take money? Hg 1:4, עֶת־בֵּית לְהִבָּנוֹת י׳ v:2 (v:a read עַתָּ בָּא Hi We Now al.); עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת Ps 119:126, cf. Ec 3:2–8 (26 t.); abs. כִּי עֵת Ho 13:13 (Hi We al.; Gu:Kau gives עַתָּ; > Now כָּעֵת); abs. c. neg. Jb 22:16, Ec 7:17; hence (late) יוֹדְעֵי בִינָה לָעִתִּים 1 Ch 12:32, יִדְעֵי הָעִתִּים Est 1:13 i.e. astrologers, etc. c. appointed time, בְּעֵת תֵּת וגו׳ 1 S 18:19 at the appointed time of giving, Ez 7:7, 7:12, Is 13:22, פְּקֻדָּתָם ע׳ Je 8:12, 10:15 = 51:18, 46:21, 50:27 cf. (c. vb. fin.) 6:15, 49:8, 50:31, אַרְחוֹ ע׳ Je 27:7, גּוֹיִם ע׳ Ez 30:3, לְעִתִּים מְזֻמָּנִים Ezr 10:14, Ne 10:35 cf.13:31; מוֹעֵד עַד־ע׳ 2 S 24:15, Ps 103:14 (‖מוֹעֵד), etc.; cf. עֵת וּמִשְׁפָּט Ec 8:5, 8:6 (for time of judgment), עִתּוֹ 9:12; esp. לְעֵת קֵץ Dn 8:7 cf. 11:35, 11:40, 12:4, 12:9, עֲוֹן קֵץ כְּע׳ Ez 21:30, 21:34 cf. 35:5; לְקֵץ הָעִתִּים Dn 11:13. d. as uncertain עֵת וָפֶגַע Ec 9:11.

3. = experiences, fortunes, pl. אֱמוּנַת עִתֶּיְ Is 33:6, Ps 31:16; הָעִתִּים אֲשֶׁר עָֽבְרוּ עָלָיו 1 Ch 29:30

4. occurrence, occasions (= פַּעַם), רַבּוֹת עִתִּיס Ne 9:28 great numbers of times (= very often).

קָחִין [עֵה] n.pr.loc. on border of Zebulun, only c. ה loc., עִתָּה ק׳ Jos 19:13 site unknown.

עַתָּ֫ה:435 (also Ez 23:43, Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָָ֫תָּה Gn 32:5 +, adv. of time, now (prop. acc. of [ïint], עֵת (Kö:ii. 260), at the time, in partic. of the present time, i.e. now; cf. Germ. zur Zeit, Ar. أَلْاَانَ at the time, i.e. now);—now:

1. a. Gn 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Ex 18:11, Ju 17:13, 1 K 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), 26:22, 26:29, 27:36, 31:13, 31:28, etc., Ex 5:5 הך רביס עתה עס הארץ; whether in opp. to past time, as Gn 32:11, Jos 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָָתָּה, Ju 11:8, 1 K 12:4, Is 1:21 ועתה מרחחים, 16:14, Ho 2:9 כִּי טוֹב לִי אָז מַעָָתָּה, 13:2, Jb 30:1 +, or to future, as Nu 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Ju 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּה־כְּיָדְֶָ זֶבַח וח׳, 1 S 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Nu 22:38, Ju 8:2; = now at last 2 S 24:16, 1 K 19:4, 2 K 19:25, Ho 7:2, Je 4:12; and in the phr. מעתה ועד עולםIs 9:6, 59:21, Mi 4:7 (v. infr.), Ps 113:2, 115:18, 121:8, 125:2, 131:3. b. of the imminent or impending future: Gn 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְְ מַהֶם. 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, v:34, Ex 6:1 עתה תראה, Nu 11:23, 22:4, 2 S 20:6, Is 33:10 (Ps 12:6), 43:19, 49:19, Am 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Is 49:19, Mi 7:4, 7:10, Dn 10:20; and esp. ἀσυνδέτως in Hos, introducing a punishment, Ho 4:16 וגו׳ עתה יִרְעֵם י׳ 5:7, 8:8, 8:13 (Je 14:10), 10:2. c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Is 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v:b, Ho 10:3, Mi 4:9, 4:10, 4:11, 4:14, 5:3. d. describing a present state = as things are: 1 S 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 9:6, 13:12, 14:30, 25:7 b, 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2 K 18:20, 18:25, Jb 6:21, 14:16, 16:7. e. with an Imv., as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gn 31:13 עתה קים חא, Ex 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Nu 22:11, Dt 2:13, Is 30:8.

2. Phrases: a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) † 1 K 17:24, 2 K 5:22. b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, esp. (cf. 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gn 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., 20:7, not found20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, 27:3, 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, 30:30, 31:16, 31:44, 37:20 + oft., Is 5:3, 5:5, Ps 2:10; Gn 11:6 ועתה לאֹ־יִבָּחֵר מֵהֶם וגו׳, 31:30, 45:8, 2 S 19:11, Ps 39:8 ועתה מַה־קִּזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Is 52:5, c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Ex 3:9, Jo 14:10, 14:10, 1 S 12:2, 24:21, 1 K 1:18, Je 40:4 (with ועתה usu. repeated afer the הנה-clause). †d. גם עתה Gn 44:10, 1 S 12:16, 1 K 14:14, Jo 2:12, Jb 16:19. †e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Je 3:4, Is 48:6, Dn 10:17 (acc. to some, here = from just now), 2 Ch 16:9; מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, v. supr. 1 a end. f. עַד־עַתָּה until now, Gn 32:5, וֶאֵחַר עד־ע׳, Dt 12:9 אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע׳ (opp. to the fut.), 2 K 13:23; esp. after clause with מִן, 46:34 מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַד־ע׳ (2 S 19:8, Ez 4:14), Ex 9:18, 2 K 8:6, Ru 2:7. g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: cf. Dr:§ 141, 142); †(a) Ex 9:15 כי עתה שׁלחתי וגו׳ for then (if the intention expressed in v:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Nu 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1 S 13:13, Jb 3:13; sq. impf. Jb 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, v:2) it would be heavier, etc., 13:19 for then would I be silent and die ; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gn 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472).—Note. Read כְּמוֹ עַתָּ) (LXX Vulgate) as now, for כְּמוֹ עֵת Ez 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (LXX SyrVer Vulgate) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ez 27:34, and prob. עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, cf. LXX SyrVer) for עֶת־בּאֹ Hg 1:2; also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1 K 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v:18 b, 2 S 18:3.

774

עַתַּי n.pr.m. (Ι)εθθει

1. of Judah 1 Ch 2:35 (עַתָָּי), v:36.

2. of Gad 12:11 .3. 2 Ch 11:20

עִתִּי adj. timely, ready (Gk. ὡραῖος );—אִישׁ ע׳ Lv 16:21 a man who is in readiness.

יַעַן:96 prop. subst., purpose, intention, but always used as prep. or conj., on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִחְהָר etc., Sta:§ 259 Kö:ii. 403; cf. عَنَي mean, intend):—

1. as prep., rarely with a subst., † Ez 5:9 יַעַן תּוֹעֲבוֹתֵיכֶם, Hg 1:9 יַעַן מָה, v:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a ptcp. Ez 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but rd. prob. אָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); freq. with inf. c., 1 K 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְְ on account of thy having sold thyself, Am 5:11, Is 30:12, 37:29 (= 2 K 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְְ אֵלַי, Je 5:14, 7:13, 23:38, 48:7, and oft.. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as 5:7 (rd. יַעַן הַמְרֹֽתְכֶם), 13:8, 13:22, 25:3, 25:6, 25:8, 25:12.

2. As conj.: a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usu. with pf., as Gn 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Dt 1:36 (Jos 14:14), Ju 2:20, 1 S 30:22, 1 K 3:11, 8:18, Je 19:4, 25:8, 29:23 (not Is) +; with impf. (in frequent. sense) Ez 44:12. †b. יַען כִּי, Nu 11:20 יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶת־י׳, 1 K 13:21, 21:29, Is 3:16, 7:5, 8:6, 29:13. c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with pf. Nu 20:12 יַעַן לאֹ הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1 S 15:23, 1 K 14:13, 20:42, 2 K 22:19, Ho 8:1, Is 61:1, 65:12, 66:4; with impf. (freq.) † Ez 34:21; of the fut. † Ez 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but LXX Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usu. the vb. follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the obj. first for emph., 5:11 יַעַן אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, 20:16, 20:24, 36:6, cf. 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), sq. perh., Lv 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ez 13:10; יַעַן בְּיַעַז sq. inf., Ez 36:3. (In all, reckoning ביען(ו)יען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 K, II in Je, 38 in Ez; and only 9 in Gn–2 S.)

775

מַעֲנֶה n.m.:Pr 15:1 answer, response;—abs. ־רַךְמ׳ Pr 15:1 a gentle answer; cstr. מַעֲנִה פִּיו v:23, cf. לָשׁוֹן מ׳ 16:1 (i.e. ability to answer); אֱלֽהִים מ׳ Mi 3:7 i.e. response for guidance; abs. also Pr 29:19 response = obedience; Jb 32:3, 32:5 reply, refutation; sf. לַמַּעֲנֵהוּ Pr 16:4 = for its purpose, that for which it answers (v. Toy).

[מַ֫עַן] subst. purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן:271 prop. and conj. for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbrev. from מַעֲנֶה: cf. מַ֫עַל; Kö:ii. 116);—with sf. לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְְ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם;—

1. prep.:—a. Gn 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים החיקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Dt 30:6 חַיֶּיְ ל׳ for thy life's sake, 1 K 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמְֶָ ל׳, Is 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, 45:4, 62:1 חיון ל׳, 63:17 עבדיך ל׳, 65:8, Ez 36:22, 36:22, Jb 18:4, Ps 122:8, 122:9; (עַבְדִּי ד׳) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, † 1 K 11:12, 11:13, 11:32, 11:34, 15:4, 2 K 8:19, 19:34 (= Is 37:35), 20:6 (all D:2); לְמַעֲנִי (of י׳) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, † 2 K 19:34 (= Is 37:35), 20:6, Is 43:25, 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְְ Dn 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ל׳ v:17; י׳ is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְְ, שְׁמִי ) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֹ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, † Ps 23:3, 25:11, 31:4, 79:9, 106:8, 143:11, Je 14:7, 14:21, Ez 20:9, 20:14, 20:22, 20:44, Is 48:9; simil. חַסְדְְּ ל׳ (i.e. to maintain it consistently) † Ps 6:5, 44:27, טוּבְְ ל׳25:7, חִדְקוֹ ל׳Is 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Dt 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ויתעבר י׳ on your account, 1 K 11:39 זאֹת ל׳ in view of this, שׁוֹרֲרַי ל׳ on account of my watchful foes, † Ps 5:9, 27:11, חורריך ל׳ Ps 8:3, simil. 69:19; 48:12 (97:8) משׁפטיך ל׳ …ישמח הר חיון in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. inf. Gn 18:19 לְמַעַן הָבִיא י׳ for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, 37:22 הַצִּיל ל׳ in order to rescue, 50:20, Ex 1:11, 9:16, 10:1, etc., Dt 2:30, 6:23, etc., 2 K 10:19, Je 7:10, 7:18, 11:5, 50:34 (on הִרגיע, v. עַד 2 a b), Ez 14:5, 21:5, 22:6 etc., 36:5 (v.p. 176), + oft. (Kö:iii.595 f.). Once, pleon., לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ez 21:20 (cf. כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1 Ch 19:3; but rd. prob. הִמּוֹג).

2. Conj. (sq. impf.): &md; a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gn 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְחַוֶּה ל׳ to the end that he might command, etc., Dt 27:3, Jos 3:4, 2 S 13:5, Je 42:6; more oft. b. without אשׁר, as Gn 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, 27:25, Ex 4:5 יאמינו ל׳, 8:6, 8:18, 9:29, 10:2, Is 5:19, 23:16, Ps 9:15, 30:13, 48:14 + oft. (Kö:iii.571).

c. Sq. לאֹ (a) אשׁר לאֹ ל׳Nu 17:5, Dt 20:18, Ez 31:14, 36:30, 46:18; (b) לאֹ ל׳ † Ez 14:11, 19:9, 25:10, 26:20, Zech 12:7, Ps 119:11, 119:80, 125:3 (Kö:iii.574. Less common than לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with inf., or פֶּן־).

Note 1.לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sts., in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Dt 29:18 (v. Dr) סְפוֹת וגו׳ ל׳ …וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֹ and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Is 30:1, 44:9 יֵבוֹשׁוּ בל יראו ובל ידעו ל׳ in orer that they may be put to shame, Je 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ל׳, v:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ל׳, 27:10, 27:15, 32:29, Ho 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ל׳ in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Am 2:7, Mi 6:16: cf. Ps 51:6 (v. Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (sc. by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). Cf. لِ Qor 28:7 (Fl:Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.).

Note 2. &md; In Jos 4:24 for the anom. יְרָאתֶם ל׳, rd. inf. יִרְאָתָם ל׳ in order that they might fear (Dr:§ 14 Obs.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ל׳ points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid.—On Pr 16:4, v. מַעֵנֶה above

† II. [עָנָה] vb. be occupied, busied with (ב), only Ec (perh. Aram. loan-word; Syr. ܥܢܳܐ be occupied with, ܥܶܢܝܳܢ occupation, affair; cf. Ar. عني, عَنَا concern one, also be occupied by; Ecclus 42:8 marg.);—Qal Inf. עֲנוֹתִ Ec 1:13, 3:10.

עִנְיָן n.m.:Ec 1:13 occupation, task, only Ec (Aram. loan-word Lag:BN 205; common in NH);—ע׳ abs. Ec 2:26, 3:10, 5:2, 8:16; sf. כַּעַס עִנְיָנוֹ 2:23 his task is (sheer) vextion; עִנְיָן רָע 1:13 an evil (worthless) task, so 4:8 (Mass. עִנְיַן as if cstr., v. Baer:1; Baer:13; but Kö:ii, 1, 99), and, in weakened sense, 5:12 a bad business, bad affair.

776

מַעֲנָה n.f. place for task (?), specif. field for ploughing:—pl. sf. לְמַעֲנוֹתָם Ps 129:3 Kt they have extended their ploughing-grounds (Qr מַעֲנִיתָם); sg. מַעֲנָה only 1 S 14:14, where text corrupt and meaning dub. v. Comm.

מַעֲנִית Ps 129:3 Qr v. foregoing.

† III.. [עָנָה] vb. be bowed down, afflicted ( NH id.; MI Pi. ויענו l:5, אענו l:6; As. enû thwart, frustrate, do violence to; Ar. عنو, عَنَا be lowly subsmissive, v. Rahlfs: עָנִי und עָנָי in d. Psalmen (1892), 67 ff.; Targum עַנִּי Pa. oppress; Syr. Ethpe. humble oneself, and deriv.);—Qal Pf. 1 S. עָנִיתִי Ps 116:10; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲנֶה Is 25:5, 31:4, etc.;—

1. be put down or become low, of song of triumph Is 25:5 (others as Hiph. he putteth down,תַּכְנִיעַ).

2. be depressed, downcast Is 31:4 (of lion; ‖יֵחָָת).

3. be afficted Ps 116:10, 119:67, Zc 10:2. Niph. Pf. 1 S. נַעֲניתִי Ps 119:107; Inf. cstr. לֵעָנֹת (perh. rd. as Qal Ges:§ 51 l) Ex 10:3; Pt. נַעֲנֶה Is 53:7; fs. נַעֲנָה 58:10; —1. humble oneself מִפְּנֵי Ex 10:3. 2. be afficted Ps 119:107, Is 53:7, 58:10. Piel. Pf. 3 ms. עִנָּה Dt 22:24 + 5 t.; 2 ms. עִנִּיתָ Ps 88:8; 1 S. עִנֵּיתִי Ps 35:13, sf. וְעִנִּתִךְ consec. Na 1:12, etc.; Impf. יְעַנֶּה Jb 37:23, etc,; Imv. עַנּוּ Ju 19:24; Inf. abs. עַנֵּה Ex 22:22; cstr. עַנּוֹת Is 58:5 + , etc.; Pt. pl. sf. מְעַנַּיִךְ Is 60:14, Zp 3:19; —1 humble, mishandle, afflict: individual Gn 16:6, 31:50 (J) Ex 22:21, 22:22, 22:22 (E) Jb 30:11; by imprisonment and bonds Ju 16:5, 16:6, 16:19, Ps 105:18; a nation by war or in bondage Gn 15:13 (J) Ex 1:11, 1:12, Nu 24:24, 24:24 (E) Dt 26:6, 1 S 12:8 (inserting וַיְעַנּוּם מִחְרַיִם, so LXX Dr Bu Kit HPS [cf. Th We]), 2 S 7:10, 2 K 17:20, Ps 94:5, Is 60:14, Zp 3:19; dynasty of David Ps 89:23. 2. humble, a woman by cohabit., Gn 34:2 (J) Dt 21:14, 22:24, 22:29, Ju 19:24, 20:5, 2 S 13:12, 13:14, 13:22, 13:32, Ez 22:10, 22:11, La 5:11. 3. afflict as a discipline (God agent) Dt 8:2, 8:3, 8:16, 1 K 11:39, Ps 88:8, 90:15, 119:75, Is 64:11, Na 1:12, 1:12, La 3:33.

4. humble, weaken, obj. כֹּחַ Ps 102:24; משׁפט Jb 37:23 (cf. Talm. עִנָּה דִּין); נֶפֶשׁ oneself, by fasting Lv 16:29, 16:31, 23:27, 23:32, Nu 29:7 (P) Ps 35:13, Is 58:3, 58:5; by an oath Nu 30:14 (P). Pu. Pf. 1 S. עֻנֵּיתִי Ps 119:71; Impf. 3 fs. תְּעֻנֶּה Lv 23:29; Inf. cstr. sf. עֻנּוֹתוֹ Ps 132:1; Pt. מְעֻנֶּה Is 53:4; —1. be afflicted, in discipline by God Ps 119:71, 132:1, Is 53:4. 2. be humbled by fasting Lv 23:29 (P). Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּעֲנֵם 1 K 8:35 = 2 Ch 6:26 afflict, in discipline. Hithp. Pf. 3 ms. הִתְעַנָּה 1 K 2:26; 2 ms. תִתְעַנִּיתָ v:26; Impf. 3 mpl. יִתְעַנּוּ Ps 107:17; Imv. הִתְעַנִּי Gn 16:9; Inf. cstr. הִתְעַנּוֹת Ez not found8:21, Dn 10:12; —1. humble oneself (c. תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ) Gn 16:9 (J). 2. be afflicted, by men 1 K 2:26, 2:26; by God in discipline Ps 107:17. 3. humble oneself in fasting Ezr 8:21, Dn 10:12.

עָנָי (?; Lag:BN 48) n.m. poor, afflicted, humble, meek;—עָנָו Nu 12:3 (Kt; Qr עָנָיו is to ensure the ָ acc. to Di Kö:ii. 1. 76); elsewh. pl. עֲנָוִים Is 29:19 + 11 t. + Kt עֲנָוִים Is 32:7, Ps 9:19 (Qr עֲנִיִּים); Qr עֲנָוִים Ps 9:13, 10:12, Pr 3:34, 14:21, 16:19 (Kt עניים); cstr. עַנְוֵי Zp 2:3 + 2 t., + Kt ענוי (Qr עֲנִיֵּי) Am 8:4 (so Jb 24:4 van d. H.; but עֲנִיֵּי Kt and Qr Baer Ginsb)—these forms shew confusion with עָנִי, which is perh. only another form of עָנָו (otherwise Rahlfs:op. cit. 62 f. Dr:‘Poor’ in Hastings:DB; עָנָו = humble, meek, עָנִי = pass. humbled, afflicted);—

1. poor, needy, Pr 14:21 (Qr).

2. poor and weak. oppressed by rich and powerful Am 2:7, Is 29:19, 32:7 (Kt); ארץ(ה)ענוי Ps 76:10, Is 11:4, Zp 2:3, Am 8:4 (Kt), Jb 24:4.

3. poor, weak and afflicted Israel (usu. rendered meek) Ps 10:17, 22:27, 25:9, 25:9, 34:3, 37:11, 69:33 (עָנִי 3, also in all these Psalm Psalm), 147:6, 149:4, Is 61:1 (‖נשׁברי לב, cf. 66:2 עָנִי 3), Ps 9:19 (Kt) v:13, 10:12 (Qr).

4. humble, lowly, meek Nu 12:3 (Moses); Pr 3:34, 16:19 (both Qr).

עֲנָוָה n.f. humility:—Pr 15:33 + 3 t.; עַנְוָה־ (contr. because of Maqqeph, see Br:Mp) Ps 45:5; עֶנְוָֽתְְ Ps 18:36 (= עֲנֹתְְ 2 S 22:36 v.I. ענה; rd. עֶזְרָֽתְח Ol We);—

1. humility, meekness Ps 45:5 (dub.), Pr 15:33, 18:12, 22:4, Zp 2:3 (prob. gloss, v. We Now).

2. condescension Ps 18:36 (dub., v. supr.).

עֱָנוּת n.f. affliction:—Ps 22:25; Che:JBL xv (1896), 198 prop. חַעֲקַת cry [cf. LXX Vulgate Targum], (ח dropped out after ץ).

עָנִי adj poor, afflicted, humble;—ע׳ Dt 24:12 + 51 t.; pl. עֲיִּים Is 3:15 + 6 t.; cstr. עֲנִיֵּי Is 10:2 + 4 t. (v. also Kt and Qr sub עָנָו supr.); sf. עֲנִיֶּיְ Ps 72:2, 74:19, עֲנִיְֶּ֑ Dt 15:11, עֲנִיָּו Is 49:13; fs. עֲנִיָּה Is 51:21, 54:11 ( + Is 10:30 MT, but rd. עֲנִיהָ, v. I. ענה);—

1. poor, needy,אביון Dt 15:11, 24:14, 24:15, Pr 31:20, ‖יתום Jb 24:9, Ex 22:24 (E), Dt 24:12; having right to gleanings Lv 19:10, 23:22 (H); יְמֵי ע׳ Pr 15:15, cf. Pr 14:21 (Kt).

2. poor and weak, oppressed by the rich and powerful Is 3:14, 3:15, 32:7 (Qr), 58:7, 29:12, 36:6, 36:15, Pr 30:14, Ec 6:8, Ez 18:17, Zc 7:10, Jb 24:4, also Am 8:4 (Qr); ‖דל Jb 34:28, Pr 22:22; עֲנִיֵּי עַמִּי Is 10:2; עני ואביוך Jb 24:14, Pr 31:9, Je 22:16, Ez 16:49, 18:12, 22:29.

3. poor, weak, afflicted Israel, or pious in Israel afflicted by wicked nations or the wicked in Israel itself Ps 10:2, 10:9, 10:9, 14:6 (dub., cf. Ps 53:6) 102:1 (or n.pr.), Is 14:32, Hb 3:14; of Zion, עֲנִיָּה Is 51:21, 54:11; שׁד ע׳ Ps 12:6; יחיד וע׳ 25:16; עני ואביון 35:10, 37:14, 40:18 = 70:6, 74:21, 86:1, 109:16, 109:22, pl. Is 41:17; עני וְכוֹאֵב Ps 69:30; וָרָשׁ ע׳ 82:3; עֱנוּת ע׳ 22:25; וְגֹוֵעַ ע׳ 88:16; ‖דל Is 26:6, Zp 3:12; וּנְכֵה־רוּחַ ע׳ Is 66:2; —Zc 11:7, 11:11 v. II. כְּנַעֲנִי;—God does not forget them Ps 9:13, 9:19, 10:12 (Kt) 74:19, but has compassion on them Is 49:13, saves Ps 34:7, delivers 35:10, and bestows various favours 68:11, 140:13, the king also judges 72:2, 72:4, and delivers 72:12.

4. humble, lowly, Zc 9:9 (victorious king); opp. לֵחִים Pr 3:34 (Kt); opp. גֵּאִים 16:19 (Kt); עם עני opp. רמות עינים Ps 18:28 = 2 S 22:28.

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עֳנִי n. m. affliction, poverty;—ע׳ Ex 3:7 +; עָֹנִי Dt 16:3 +, עָוֹנִי Ps 107:41, עוני 2 S 16:12 (Kt, but rd. עָנְיִי; > Qr עֵינִי !); sf. עָנְיִי Gn 31:42 +, עָנְיֵח 16:11, etc.;—

1. affliction, Jb 36:15, 36:21, Ps 44:25, 88:10, 107:41, 119:50, 119:92, La 1:3, 3:19; ארץ ע׳ Gn 41:52 (E); יְמֵי ע׳ Jb 30:16, 30:27, La 1:7; כּוּר ע׳ Is 48:10; חַבְלֵי ע׳ Jb 36:8; אֲסִירֵי ע׳ Ps 107:10; בְּנֵי ע׳ Pr 31:5; ראה ע׳ Gn 31:42 (E), Ex 3:7, 4:31 (J), Dt 26:7, 2 K 14:26, Ne 9:9, Jb 10:15, Ps 9:14, 25:18, 31:8, 119:153, La 1:9, 3:1, ins. also before עַמִּי 1 S 9:16 b LXX Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; ראה בע׳ Gn 29:32 (J), 1 S 1:11, 2 S 16:12 (v. supr.); שׁמע ע׳ Gn 16:11 (J); העלה מע׳ Ex 3:17 (J); לחם עני Dt 16:3.

2. poverty, בְּעָנְיִי הכינותי זהב 1 Ch 22:14.

† [תַּעֲנִית] n. f. humiliation, by fasting (cf. √ Pi. Hithp.; NH ת׳ = fasting), sf. תַּעֲנִיתִי Ez 9:5.

†IV. עָנָה vb. sing (Ar. غَنَّ sing, chant, غِنَأُ singing, chanting, etc.; Syr. ܥܰܢܺܝ sing responsively, ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ hymn, refrain; poss. As. enû, resound (?); Egypt. anni is loan-word acc. to Bondi:80);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְעָנוּ consec. Je 51:14; Impf. 3 ms. יַעַנֶה Je 25:30; 3 fs. וַתַּעַן Ex 15:21; 3 fpl. וַתַּעֲנֶינָה 1 S 18:7, etc.; Imv. עֱנוּ Nu 21:17, Ps 147:7; Inf. cstr. עֲנוֹת Ex 32:18; 32:18; —sing, utter tunefully, Ex 15:21 (E) and Miriam sang to (ל) them; of uttering shout (הֵידָד), as in vintage Je 25:30 (י׳ subj.; + אֶל־ pers.), in attack 51:14 (+ עַל־ pers.); (חֲלוּשָׁה) קוֹל עֲנוֹת גְּבוּרָה Ex 32:18, 32:18 (E); c. ל rei vel pers. laudat. Nu 21:17 (JE; well); Ps 147:7 (י׳; ‖זַמְּרוּ), Ezr 3:11; + אָמַר 1 S 18:7 the women sang, and said; יַעֲנוּ בַמְּחֹלוֹת לֵאמֹר 21:12, 29:5; c. acc. rei laudat. Ps 119:172 (cf. ‖ v:171).—Is 14:22 v. עון Pi. intens.: Imv. עַנּוּ־לָהּ Is 27:2 sing sweetly of it; Inf. קוֹל עַנּוֹת Ex 32:18 (E) the sound of distinct singing; cf. לְעַנּוֹת Ps 88:1.

עֲנָה:12 n. pr. m Horites:—

1. Gn 36:2 (read הַחֹרִי for הַחִוִּי v. Di) v:14, v:18, v:20, v:25, v:25, v:29 = 1 Ch 1:38, 1:41.

2. (‘nephew’ of 1.) Gn 36:24, 36:24 = 1 Ch 1:40.—Ανα, Α(ι)να(ν) (cf. n. pr. m. ען, Safa, Hal:JAs 7, x, 374).

ענו Kt v. עֻנִּי. עֲנוֹק v. 1. עֲנָק. below, p. 778

ענז (√ of foll.; Kö:ii. 1, 38 cp. Ar. عَنَزَ turn aside, whence [fr. movements] عَنْزُ goat, cf. As. enzu; Syr. ܥܶܢܳܙ, cstr. ܥܢܶܙ; also ܥܰܢܙܳܐ; ܥܰܢܳܙܳ goat-herd; Ph. Palm. עז; NH עֵז (rare)).

עֵז:74 n. f.:Gn 15:9 she-goat;—abs. ע׳ Gn 15:9 + 6 t.; pl. עַזִּים 27:9 + 65 t.; sf. עִזֶּיְ 31:38; —†

1. as property Gn 30:32, 30:33, 30:35 (J), 31:15, 31:38 (E), 1 S 25:2.

2. as food: עִזִּים (גְּדִי)גְּדָיֵי kid(s) of she-goats Gn 27:9, 27:16 (J) + 7 t., שְׂעִיר עִזִּים 37:31 (J) a buck of goats, he-goat, שֵׂה עִזִּים Dt 14:4 a (n individual) goat; cf. Lv 7:23 (P; fat forbidden); also חֲלֵב ע׳ Pr 27:27 goats&atO;’ milk.

3. as sacrificial victim, chiefly P: a. in gen. Lv 22:27 (H), Nu 15:11. † b. in בְּרִית Gn 15:9 (JE; cf. v:18). † c. פֶּסַח Ex 12:5 (שֶׂה), בְּנֵי עִזִּים 2 Ch 35:7. † d. עוֹלָה Lv 22:19 (H), 1:10, Nu 28:30 (שְׂעִיר ע׳). † e. זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים Lv 3:12, 17:3 (H; cf. v:5), אִשֶּׁה Nu 18:17 (בְּכוֹר ע׳). f. חַטָּאת, שְׂעִיר ע׳ Ez 43:22, 45:23, Lv 4:23 + 3 t. Lv, Nu 7:16 + 19 t. Nu; שְׂעִירַת עִזִּים a single she-goat Lv 4:28, 5:6; עְפִרֵי זִּים 2 Ch 29:21 he-goats.

4. עִזִּים = goats&atO;’ hair, as material 1 S 19:13, 19:16, Ex 25:4 + 6 t. P (35:26 obj. of טָווּ!). †

5. in sim. חֲשַׂפֵי עִזִּים 1 K 20:27 (v. [חָשִׂיף]); כְּעֵדַר הָע׳ Ct 4:1, 6:5, of flowing, undulating hair. †

6. חְפִיר הָע׳ Dn 8:5, 8:8 he-goat in vision.

עֻנִּי n.pr.m. Levites:—

1. 1 Ch 15:18, 15:20, ωνει, LXXL Ανανιας.

2. Ne 12:9 Qr (Kt ענו), Ιανα(ι) .

עֲנָיָה n.pr.m. Ne 8:4, 10:23, Ανανια(ς).

עָנָיו v. עָנָו sub III. ענה. עָנִים v. p. 745.

עִנְיָן v. II. [ענה]. עָנֵם v. עֵין גְּנִּים.

עֲנָמִים n.pr.gent. in (or near) Egypt Gn 10:13 = 1 Ch 1:11, Αινειαμιειμ, Αινεμετιειμ, etc.; form dub. and locality unknown, v. conj. in Di.

עֲנַמֶּ֫לֶךְ n.pr.div. of סְפַרְוַיִם (q. v.) 2 K 17:31, Ανημελεχ (om. LXXL); = As. Anu-malik acc. to Schr:COT ad loc., but dub., v. Kit:ad loc. and reff.; Che:Expos. Times, June, 1898, 429 rds. ענומלך, and ins. also 2 K 19:37 (bef. אלהיו); cf. also Hal cited sub עֲנָת.

I. ענן (√ of foll., perh. orig. cover, as Sab. ענן = טַלל (Heb. חלל), DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 26 f.; or < Ar.عَنَّ appear, present oneself, specif. intervene as an obstacle (Lane; cf. Lag:BN 103), hence عَنَْنُ clouds, as intervening, and so obstructing; cf. NH עָנָן cloud = BH (rare), vb. denom. Pi. עִנֵּן as BH; Targum עֲנָנָא, Syr. clouds).

I. עָנָן:87 n. m:Ex 19:16 cloud-mass, cloud;—ע׳(הֶ) abs. Ex 19:9 +; cstr. עֲנַזִ Ho 6:4 +; sf. עֲנֽנְְ Nu 14:14, עֲנָנוֹ Jb 26:9, 37:15; pl. עֲנִים Je 4:13; —

1. cloud-mass: a. esp. of theophanic cloud (58 t.), chiefly at Exodus in JE (less oft. P), usu. עַמּוּד הֶע׳ Ex 13:21; 13:22 + (v. עַמּוּד), but also ע׳ alone Ex 34:5 cf. 14:20 (J), Nu 10:34, 11:35, 14:14 (all JE); עַב־הֶע׳ Ex 19:9, כָּבֵד ע׳ v:16 (E); ע׳ in P Ex 16:10, 24:15 + 23 t.; also Dt 1:33, 4:11, 5:19, Ps 78:14, 105:39; in temple 1 K 8:10, 8:11 = 2 Ch 5:13, 5:14, cf. Ez 1:4, 10:3, 10:4; hence in gen. Ps 97:2, as symbol of protection Is 4:5; as a barrier La 3:44; cf. אֲבַק רַגְלָיו וע׳ Na 1:3. b. of rain-bow cloud Gn 9:13, 9:14, 9:14, 9:16 (P), Ez 1:28 (sim.). c. עֲנַן־בֹּקֶר Ho 6:4, 13:3 (sim. of transitoriness; on phenom. in Pal. v. Chaplin:PEQ, 1883, 19), cf. Is 44:22, Jb 7:9 (both id.); sim. of invasion Ez 38:9, 38:16, pl. Je 4:13. d. poet. in various connex. Jb 26:8, 26:9, 38:9; c. אוֹר as thunder-cloud 37:11, 37:15. e. symbol. of gloom Ez 30:18, 32:7; וַעֲרָפֶל יוֹם ע׳ Zp 1:15, Ez 34:12, Jo 2:2, cf. Ez 30:3 (all of day of ע׳). †

2. קְטֹרֶת ע׳ Lv 16:13 (P) cloud of incense, so Ez 8:11 (del. ע׳ LXX Co Berthol, not Toy).

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† [עָנַן] vb. denom. Pi. Inf. cstr. sf. c. acc. cogn. עַל־הָאָרֶץ בְּעַנְנִי ע׳ Gn 9:14 (P) when I bring clouds, etc.

עֲנָנָה n. f. cloud (Ges:§ 122 t) Jb 3:5.

†II. [עָנַן] vb. Pōï‘. practice soothsaying (prob. denom., but orig. meaning dub.; connex. with 1. עָנָן (De:1s 2, 6) now gen. abandoned; Löw:ZMG xxxi (1877), 539 cp. עַיִן eye, so We:Skizzen iii. 148 (but v. infr.); RS:JPhil xiv (1885), 119 f. cp. Ar. عُنَّةُ nasal twang, hum of insects, whence diviners as crooning; Ew Gerber:31 of diviner as interpreting hum of insects, whisper of leaves, etc.; We:Heid. 2, 204 now cp. عَنْ appear, i. e. dealers in phenomena);—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְעוֹנֵן 2 K 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6; Impf. 2 mpl. וְלאֹ תְעוֹנֵ֑נוּ Lv 19:26 (H); Pt. as subst. מְעוֹנֵן Dt 18:10 (forbidden), pl. מְעֹנְנִים v:14, מְעוֹ׳ Mi 5:11, אֵלוֹן מְעוֹנְנִים Ju 9:37 (v. 1. אֵלוֹן; seat of an oracle, cf. RS:Sem i. 179 2nd ed. 196); also (without מְ, cf. Sta:§ 233 Kö:i. 349) עֹנְנִים Is 2:6, sf. עֹנְנֵיכֶם Je 27:9; fs. in בְּנֵי עֹנְנָה Is 57:3 sons of a soothsaying woman, fig. of apostates.—Vid. כִּשֵּׁף, II. [נָחַשׁ], [קָסַם].

†II. עָנָן n.pr.m. Ne 10:27, Ηναμ, Η(ι)ναν (cf. n.pr.m. Sab. ענן SabDenkm:30; Palm. ענני).

עֲנָנִי n.pr.m. 1 Ch 3:24, Μανει, Ανανι(ας).

עֲנַנְיָה n.pr. 1. m. Ne 3:23, Ανανια(ς). 2. loc. Ne 11:32, Ανανια, Ανια; perh. mod. Beit Ḫanîna, c. 4 miles NNW. from Jerusalem, cf. Buhl:Geogr. 167.

ענף (√ of foll.; meaning unknown; NH עָנָף = BH, Targum עַנְפָּא (both rare), Syr. ܥܢܳܦܳܐ).

עָנָף n. [m.] branch(es), bough(s);—usu. sg. coll., abs. ע׳ branches of vine Ez 17:8, pl. only sf. עֲנָפֶיהָ Ps 80:11 (both in fig.); boughs of tree, cstr. עֲנַף Lv 23:40, sf. (as if from …עֶנֶף Kö:ii. 1, 74) עַנְפְּכֶם Ez 36:8; sg. abs. (in fig.) Mal 3:19, of cedar Ez 17:23, 31:3.

† [עָנֵף] adj. full of branches;—fs. עֲנֵפָה Ez 19:10 (of vine, in fig.).

ענק (√ of foll., mng. dub.; cf. Ar. عُنُقُ, عُنْقُ neck, Targum עוּנְקָא; also עִינְקָא necklace, Syr. ܥܶܩܳܐ; Eth. 9mq=a gem; vbs. denom. in Ar., Eth., NH).

†I. עֲנָק n. [m.] neck, only in epith. gent. בְּנֵי הָעֲנָק long-necked (tall) men, early giant people about Hebron and in Philistia, Ενακ, Εναχ, Jos 15:14 (JE) = Ju 1:20, without art. Nu 13:33 (JE), Dt 9:2; also יְלִדַי הָע׳ Nu 13:22, 13:28, Jos 15:14 (all JE); called also עֲנָקִים long-necks, Ενακειμ, Jos 14:12, 14:15 (JE), 11:21, 11:22 (D), Dt 2:10, 2:11, 2:21 + Je 47:5 (rd. עֲנָקִים for MT עִמְקָם), and perh. 1 Ch 12:16 (v. עֵמֶק ad fin.); בְּנֵי עֲנָקִים 1:28 (LXX γίγαντες, cf. Nu 13:33), 9:2; עֲנָק later (erron.) as eponym. ancestor of Anaḳim Jos 15:13 = עֲנוֹק 21:11 (both P).—Vid. esp. Mey:ZAW i (1881), 139 GFM:Ju 1:10, 1:20 Che:Ency. Bib. ANAK.

†II. עֲנָק n. m.:Ct 4:9 necklace, neck-pendant (Aramaism acc. to Lag:BN 175);—abs. ע׳ Ct 4:9 appar. part of necklace, perh. neck-pendant; pl. עֲנָקוֹת Ju 8:26 (ornament of camels), עֲנָקִים Pr 1:9 (of youth; in fig.).

† [עָנַק] vb. denom. serve as necklace;—Qal 3 fs. sf. עֲנָקַתְמוֹ Ps 73:6 pride is necklace for them. Hiph. Impf. and Inf. abs. הַעֲנֵיק תַּעֲנִיק לוֹ Dt 15:14 thou shalt make a rich necklace for him fr. thy flock, etc., fig. for richly load him.

עָנֵר n.pr. 1. appar. m. ally of Abram Gn 14:13, 14:24, Αυναν; cf. אֶשְׁכּוֹל, מַמְרֵא. 2. loc. in Manasseh 1 Ch 6:55 Αμαρ, LXXL Ανηρ.

ענשׁ (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; cf. (as denom.) Ph. Niph. [ש]נענ be fined CIS:i. 165, 20, Palm. ענושותא treasurership; v. also NH עוֹנֶשׁ punishment, עָנַשׁ punish (in general)).

עֹ֫נֶשׁ n. [m.] indemnity, fine;—וִיִּתֶּן־ע׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ 2 K 23:33; of individual נשֵֹׁא ע׳ Pr 19:19.

† [עָנַשׁ] vb. denom. (Gerber:61 f.) fine, mulct;—Qal Pf. consec. וְעָֽנְשׁוּ Dt 22:19 (2 acc.); Impf. וַיַּעֲנשׁ 2 Ch 36:3 (2 acc.; ‖ 2 K 23:33 supr.); Inf. cstr. עֲנוֹשׁ Pr 17:26 (לְ pers.); = punish (in gen.) עֲנָשׁ־ 21:11; Pt. pass. עֲנוּשִׁם Am 2:8 those fined, mulcted. Niph. Impf. + Qal Inf. abs. עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ Ex 21:22 (E) he shall be strictly fined; more gen. Pf. נֶעֱנָ֑שׁוּ Pr 22:3 be mulcted, punished = 27:12.

779

עֲנָת n.pr.m. father of Shamgar Ju 3:31, 5:6, Αναθ (Δειναχ, Κεναθ);—v. also בֵּית עֲנוֹת, עֲנָת ב׳ (cf. Tel Am. n. pr. Anati, Wkl:125, 43; As. n. pr. deae Anatu (Jastr:Rel. Bab. 153; hence) in Syria and Ph.—also Egypt—ענת (Muss-Arnolt:JBL xi (1892), 80 Pietschmann:Phön. 149 f. Hal:JAs. 7, x (1877), 374; xiii (1879), 208)).

עֲנָתוֹת and (1 K 2:26) עֲנָתֹת n.pr. Αναθωθ;

1. loc. (cf. goddess Anat, ref. sub foregoing);—Is 10:30, 1 K 2:26, Je 1:1, 11:21, 11:22, 32:7, 32:8, 32:9, Jos 21:18 (P), 1 Ch 6:45, Ezr 2:23 = Ne 7:27, Ne 11:32; mod. ï‘Anâtâ, c. 3 miles NNE. from Jerusalem, cf. Buhl:Geogr. 175 GASm:Geogr. 315.

2. m. a.1 Ch 7:8. b. Ne 10:20.

עַנְּתֹתִי adj. gent. of foreg.;—הָע׳ Je 29:27, 1 Ch 12:3, 2 S 23:27 = הָעַנְּתוֹתִי 1 Ch 11:28, 27:12.

עַנְתֹתִיָּה n.pr.m. Benjamite 1 Ch 8:24, Ανωθαιθ, Αναθωθ(ι)α.

† [עָסַס] vb. press, crush, by treading, tread down (NH עֲסִיסִיה crushed wheat; cf. Ar.عَسّ go the rounds, [tramp], prowl; Syr. ܥܰܣ explore, v. Brockelmann);—Qal Pf. 2 mpl. fig. הָֽרְשָׁעִים וְעַסּוֹתֶם Mal 3:21 (consec.).

עָסִיס n.m.:Jo 1:5 sweet wine (prop. pressed out juice);—abs. ע׳ Am 9:13 (v. Dr and reff.), Jo 1:5, 4:18; in sim. Is 49:26; cstr. עֲסִיס רִמֹּנִי Ct 8:2.

עפאים Kt, עֳפָיִם Qr n. [m.] pl. foliage (cf. Ges:§ 93 z; Aram. loan-word, Targum עָפְיָא foliage, Syr. ܥܽܘܦܗܳܐ flower, branch);—Ps 104:12.

†I. עָפַל vb. swell (?; so Thes; inferred fr. deriv.; Ar. عَفَلُ is a tumour in the vulva or anus, عَفِلَ appar. denom. (cf. II. עֹפֶל) v. As. uplu, prob. tumour (Dl:HWB 7 ublu, but v. Jen:Th Lz 1895, 250));—Pu. Pf. 3 fs. עֻפְּלָה Hb 2:4 acc. to MT (subj. נַפְשׁוֹ, cf. GASm); but subst. needed, Brd:SK 1889, 121 הַנֶּעֱלָף, We Now הָעַוָּל, cf. Gu:Kau.—Hiph. v. II. עפל. below

†I. עֹ֫פֶל n. [m.] mound, hill, only as acropolis;—ע׳ abs. 2 K 5:24 +, cstr. Mi 4:8; —fortified mound or hill within city, or Jerus. (cf. Rob:BR i. 267 Gu:ZPV v (1882), 326) Mi 4:8 Is 32:14; S. end of eastern hill Ne 3:26, 11:21, 2 Ch 33:14 חוֹמַת הָע׳ Ne 3:27, 2 Ch 27:3 (cf. חמת העפל in קרחה MI:21. 22); of Samaria 2 K 5:24.

†II. [עֹ֫פֶל] n.m.:1 S 6:4 tumour;—only pl. Kt עֳפָלִים(בָּ) Dt 28:27, 1 S 5:6, 5:9, 5:12; cstr. עָפְלֵי 6:4; sf. עָפְלֵיכֶם v:5; Qr in all טְחֹרִים(ב), טְחֹרֵי, טְחֹרֵיכֶם, v. [טְחוֹר]. p. 373

†II. [עָפַל] vb. perhaps be heedless (Ar. غَفَلَ be heedless, neglectful, inadvertent);—Hiph. shew heedlessness, Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּעְפִּלוּ לַעֲלוֹת Nu 14:44 (JE) they shewed heedlessness in going up (went up heedlessly), so de Dieu, cited (and allowed) by Di Buhl:Lex; >Thes al. shewed presumption (I. עפל, this sense dub.).

עָפְנִי n. pr. loc. in Benj., הָע׳ Jos 18:24, LXXL Αφνη.

עפעף v. עוף. p. 733

I. עפר (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; cf. Ar. عَنَرُ dust, As. epru, epiru, Tel Am. ḫaparu and aparu (Canaan. glosses); Targum עַפְרָא, Syr. ܥܰܦܪܳܐ; NH עָפָר = BH).

עָפָר n. m.:Lv 14:42 dry earth, dust;—abs. ע׳ Gn 2:7 +, cstr. עֲפַר Gn 13:16 +; sf. עֲפָרֵח Ez 26:12, עֲפָרוֹ Dt 9:21, etc.; pl. cstr. עַפְרֹת Jb 28:6, Pr 8:26; —

1. lit.: a. dry, loose earth, thrown (in malice) 2 S 16:13 (‖אֲבָנִים); עַל־ראֹשׁ וַיַעֲלוּ ע׳ Jos 7:6 (JE; sign of grief), so Ez 27:30, La 2:10, and (c. זָרַק) Jb 2:12; loose earth (on surface of ground) 1 K 18:38, Am 2:7, Mi 1:10, Is 34:7, 34:9, Lv 17:13 (H) Ez 24:7 (in fig.), Nu 5:17, Jb 14:19, 38:38, 39:14, Gn 26:15 (R), made into siege works Hb 1:10; of sand-storm Dt 28:24 (+ אָבָק); as serpent's food, token of punishment and humiliation, Gn 3:14 (J) Is 65:25 (cf. Mi 7:17 2 e infr.); זֹחֲלֵי ע׳ Dt 32:24 (poem; cf. 2 e). b. specif. as material of human body Gn 2:7, 3:19 (J), Ec 3:20, cf. Jb 4:19, 8:19, Ps 103:14, to which it returns (שׁוּב אֶל־) Gn 3:19, Jb 10:9, Ps 104:29, Ec 3:20; so (c. עַל) Jb 34:15, Ec 12:7. c. = surface of ground Ex 8:12, 8:13, 8:13; (P; הָאָרַץ ע׳), Jb 19:25, Is 25:12, 26:5 (both ‖אֶרֶץ), surface of (whole) earth Jb 41:25, מְחִלוֹת ע׳ Is 2:19 (for hiding), so ע׳ alone v:10, cf. חֹרֵי ע׳ Jb 30:6; = soil, Jb 5:6, 14:8. d. powder of anything pulverized Dt 9:21, 9:21 (cf. דָָּקEx 32:20), 2 K 23:6, 23:6, 23:12, 23:15, so in sim. 2 S 22:43 = Ps 18:43, hence = ashes v:4, Nu 19:17. e. debris, of ruined city 1 K 20:10, Ez 26:4, 26:12, Ne 3:34, 4:4, Ps 102:15. The foll. are late: f. earth of the grave: אֶשְׁכַּב לֶע׳ Jb 7:21, so (c. עַל) 20:11, 21:26, cf. 17:16; יוֹרְדֵי ע׳ Ps 22:30, שֹׁכְנֵי ע׳ Is 26:19, יְשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־ע׳ Dn 12:2; עֲפַר־מָוֶת Ps 22:16; ע׳ in fig. Ps 30:10. g. mortar (i.e. dried mud) for plastering houses Lv 14:41, 14:42, 14:45 (P). h. (iron-) ore Jb 28:2; עַפְרֹת זָהָב v:6 gold-dust (but v. סַפִּיר). i. material of earth Is 40:12, cf. ראֹשׁ עַפְרֹת תֵּבֵל Pr 8:26 the first of the earth particles of the world.

2. fig.: a. of abundance Gn 13:16, 13:16, 28:14 (all J) 2 Ch 1:9, Jb 27:16, Ps 78:27 (‖חוֹל יַמִּים), cf. עֲפַר יַעֲקֹב Nu 23:10 (JE); with added idea of commonness, worthlessness Zp 1:7, Zc 9:3. b. of worthlessness (alone) Jb 22:24. c. sim. of the scattered, dispersed 2 K 13:7; כֶּע׳ Is 41:2 (so van d. H. Ginsb; Baer כֵּע׳; on meaning v. Du Che, rdg. תְּשִׂימֵם for יִתֵּן). d. of self-abasement Gn 18:27 (+ אֵפַר), וְנִחַמְתִּי עַל־ע׳ וָאֵפֶר Jb 42:6, פִּיהוּ יִתֵּן בֶּע׳ La 3:29. e. of humiliation (sitting or lying in dust) Is 47:1 cf. 29:4, 29:4, Jb 16:15, 40:13, Ps 7:6, 44:26, 119:25, sim. Jb 30:19; licking dust Ps 72:9, Is 49:23, Mi 7:l7, cf. TelAm. tikalu ipra (of enemies, v. Wkl:Altor. Forsch. iii. 291; also of serpent 1 a supr.); of י׳ raising from the dust 1 S 2:8 = Ps 113:7, 1 K 16:2; of lifting oneself Is 52:2.

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† [עָפַר] vb. denom. Pi. וְעִפַּר בֶּעָפָר 2 S 16:13 and kept dusting (him) with dust (throwing [lumps of] dry earth at him).

II. עפר (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. غُفُرُ young of mountain-goat, NH עוֹפֶר young of animals).

עֹ֫פֶר n. m.:Ct 4:5 young hart, stag;—cstr. הָאַיָּלִים ע׳ (‖חְבִי ) Ct 2:9, 2:17, 8:14; pl. abs. עֳפָרִים תְּאוֹמֵי חְבִיָּה 4:5, 7:4 (all in sim.).

עֵ֫פֶר n.pr.m. Αφερ, etc.;—

1. ‘son’ of Midian Gn 25:4, 1 Ch 1:33 (LXXL Γοφερ).

2. in Judah 1 Ch 4:17 (Α Γαφερ).

3. in Manasseh 5:24.

עַפְרָה v. בֵּית לְע׳ p.112 supr.

עָפְרָה n.pr. 1. loc.: a. in Benj. Jos 18:23 (P), Αφαρ, etc.; 1 S 13:7 Γοφερα; prob. = עֶפְרוֹן 2 and אֶפְרַיִם 6; perh. mod. eṭ-Ṭayyibeh, c. 4 miles NE. from Bethel, cf. GASm:Geogr. 252 Buhl:Geogr. 177. b. in Manasseh, Εφραθα: Ju 6:11, 8:27; cstr. עָפְרַת אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי 6:24, but עָפְרָה וגו׳ 8:32; c. ה loc. עָפְרָ֫תָה Ju 9:5. 2. m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:14, Γοφερα, LXXL Εφραθ.

עֶפְרוֹן n.pr. Εφρων:—

1. m. Hittite, Abr.'s time, acc. to Gn 23:8, 23:10, 23:10, 23:13, 23:16, 23:17, 49:29, עֶפְרֹן 23:6, 25:9, 49:30, 50:13 (all P).

2. loc. 2 Ch 13:19 Kt (עֶפְיִן Qr), cf. עָפְרָה 1 a. 3. mont. הַר־ע׳, on N. border of Judah Jos 15:9.

עֶפְרַ֫יִן 2 Ch 13:19 Qr v. עֶפְרוֹן 2. above

עֹפֶרֶת n. m.:Je 6:29 (si vera l. Qr) lead (√ dub.; prob. foreign word; cf. Targum אֲבָרָא lead, Syr. ܐܰܒܳܪܳܐ, and (as Aram. loan-word) Ar. أَبَار [v. Dozy], Frä:152; perh. also As. abaru, a metal, magnesite acc. to Hilpr:Assyriaca i (1894), 80 ff. Hpt:ib. 83);—כִּכַּר ע׳ Zc 5:7 a round weight (disc) of lead, אֶבֶן־הָעו׳ v:5; with other metals (v. בְּדִיל) : עוֹ׳ Ez 22:18, 22:20, 27:12 הָעֹפָָרֶת Nu 31:22 (P); עֹפ׳ also Jb 19:24 (with which chiselled letters are filled acc. to Di and most; Bu rds. בְּע׳ in [a tablet of] lead); also (as flux) Je 6:29 (rdg. Qr; so Gf Co; emend. Gie); עוֹ׳ in sim. Ex 15:10 (song).

עֵפָ֫תָה v. עֵיפָה sub II. עוף. עֵץ v. II. עחה. p. 734, 781

†I. [עָחַב] vb. hurt, pain, grieve (NH Nithp. and in deriv.; Targum עֲחַב be in pain(rare); Eth.9as’aba: be hard, difficult, Lag:BN 50, cf. 201 cp. Ar. غَضِبَ be angry, but dub.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. עֲחָבוֹ 1 K 1:6 his father had not pained him (LXX Klo Gr עֲחָרוֹ, but v. Benz); ins. עָחַב (with other words) 2 S 13:21 LXX Ew Th We Kit Bu HPS; Inf. cstr. sf. לְבִלְתִּי עָחְבִּי 1 Ch 4:10 that it (רָעָה) may not pain me; Pt. pass. cstr. עֲחוּבַת רוּחַ Is 54:6 hurt in spirit (of Zion under fig. of deserted wife). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶעְחַב 1 S 20:24 be pained for (אֶל pers.; del. LXX HPS); נֶעֱחַב 2 S 19:3 the king is in pain (is grieving) for (עַל pers.); Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָחֵב 1 S 20:3 lest he be pained; + בָּהֶם instr. Ec 10:9 shall be hurt by them (i.e. אֲבָנִים; only here of physical pain); 2 mpl. תֵּעָֽחְבוּ Gn 45:5 be not grieved (+ יִחַר; sq. כִּי that ye sold me), cf. Ne 8:10, 8:11 (abs.) do not grieve. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. עִצְּבוּ c. acc. Is 63:10 they vexed his holy spirit (+ מָרוּ); Impf. 3 mpl. בְּבָרַי יְעַצֵָּבוּ Ps 56:6 my affairs they vex (Thes al.), but improb., < Che בְּדָבָר יְע׳ with speech they vex (me). Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יַעֲחִיבוּהוּ Ps 78:40 they used to cause him [י׳] pain. Hithp. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל־לִבּוֹ Gn 6:6 and he was vexed to his heart (of י׳; ‖וַיִּנָּחֶם); 3 mpl. וִיִּתְעַצְּבוּ Gn 34:7 (+ וַיִּחַר, sq. clause with כִּי).

†I. עֶ֫חֶב n.[m.] pain, hurt, toil ;—

1. ע׳ pain Gn 3:16 (of travail), Pr 10:22.

2. hurt (of mind), דְּבַר־ע׳ Pr 15:1 a word that hurts (opp. מַעֲנֶה־רַךְ).

3. toil Pr 14:23; pl. לֶחֶם הָעֲחָבִים Ps 127:2 bread of (gained by) toils; sf. עֲחָבֶיְ Pr 5:10.

†I. עֹ֫חֶב n. [m.] pain;—ע׳ 1 Ch 4:9 (of travail); דֶּרֶח־ע׳ Ps 139:24 hurtful way (of any wicked habit; > Targum Thes way of idolatry; II. עֹחֶב) ; sf. עָחְבְְּ Is 14:3 of the pain of exile.

† [עָחֵב, > עַצָּב] n.[m.] toiler (prop. sufferer; less well עֶחֶב toil Thes Kö:ii. 1, 29 al.);—pl. sf. עַצְּבֵיכֶם תִּנְנּ֑שֹׁוּ Is 58:3 (d. f. dirim. Ges:§ 20 h) your toilers ye drive on; Klo Che עֲבֹט בְּיֶדְכֶם (cf. Vrss in part) money lent on pledge ye exact.

781

† [עַצֶּ֫בֶת] n.f. hurt, injury, pain;—עַצָָּבֶת Pr 10:10 he that winketh with the eye causeth hurt (stirs up strife, etc.); cstr. עַצְּבַת־לֵב pain of heart 15:13 (opp. לֵב שָׂמֵחַ); pl. sf. עַצְּבֹתָ֫י Jb 9:28 my pains, so rd. perh. also 7:15 (for MT עַחְמוֹתָ֫י); עַצְּבוֹתָם Ps 16:4 (due to idolatry; > idols Targum Vulgate We al.); מְחַבֵּשׁ לְע׳ 147:3 binding up their hurts.

עִצָּבוֹן n.[m.] pain, toil;—ע׳ abs. Gn 3:17 toil; cstr. עִצְּבוֹן יָדֵינוּ 5:29 (both of agriculture); sf. עִצְּבוֹנֵח 3:16 (of travail; all J).

מַעֲחֵבָה n.f. place of pain (> simply pain);—תִּשְׁכָב֫וּן לְמ׳ Is 50:11in (constr. praegn.) a place of pain shall ye lie down.

†II. [עָחַב] vb.Pi. shape, fashion (NH Pi. stretch child into shape; Buhl:Lex cp. عَضَبَ out, cut off [whence idea of carving, fashioning]);—Pi. Pf. יָדֶיךָ עִצְּבוּנִי וַעיַּעֲשׂוּנִי Jb 10:8 thy hands shaped me, etc. Hiph. Inf.cstr. לְהַעֲחִבָה Je 44:19, but rd. בָהּ-, to fashion her, i.e. make images of her (poss. denom. from עָחָב).

†II. עֶ֫חֶב n.m. vessel (as fashioned);—י׳ נִבְזֶה וגו׳ Je 22:28 a vessel despised, etc. (fig. of Coniah = Jehoiachin).

†II. [עֹ֫חֶב] n.m. idol;—sf. עָחְבִּי Is 48:5.

† [עָחָב] n.[m.] idol;—always pl. עֲחַבִּים (Ges:§ 93 ee): Ho 4:17, 8:6 (כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב), 13:2 (כֶּסֶף), ‖מַסֵּכָה), 14:9, Zc 13:2, 2 Ch 24:18 (+ אֲשֵׁרִים); cstr. עֲחַבֵּי Ps 106:38, 135:15 (כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב); sf. עֲחַבֶּיהָ Is 10:11 (‖אֱלִילֶיהָ), Je 50:2 (‖גִּלּוּלֶיהָ), Mi 1:7; עֲחַבֵּיהֶם 1 S 31:9 = 1 Ch 10:9, 2 S 5:21 (but read אֱלּֽהֵיהֶם as ‖ 1 Ch 14:12, so LXX We Dr al.), Is 46:l, Ps 106:36, 115:4 (כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב).

עחד (√ of foll.; cf. Ar.عَضَدَ lop trees with a مِعْضَدُ, a kind of reaping-hook; Eth.9az’ada:, 9adad: reap, m49z’ad:, m49z’ad: sickle; NH מַעֲחָד axe (smaller than כַּשִּׁיל Levy:NHWB ii. 423).

מַעֲחָד n.[m.] axe;—Je 10:3; in Is 44:12 prob. del. (so Du Che:Hpt Skinner).

†I. [עָחָה] vb. shut (Ar. (و et ي) غَضَا IV. shut eyes; Eth. 9as’awa: shut door);—Qal Pt. act. עֹחֶה עֵינָיו Pr 16:30 he that shuts his eyes (SS cp. עצּם [Is 29:10], which Gr reads).

II. עחה (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; cf. Sab. עחַם wood DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 341, 412, Ar. غِضَةُ, orig. عِضَهَةُ nom. unit. of عِضَاهُ large, thorny trees (v. Lane; also Nö:GGA 1862, 544; ZMG xxxii (1878), 406 Lag:BN 158 f.); Eth. 9z’:: tree, wood; As. iṣ(ṣ)u; Ph. עץ wood; NH = BH; Aram. אָע (init. א by dissim.); Ba:NB § 2, c. 1 thinks originally bilit.).

עֵץ:329 n.m.:Gn 2:9 tree, trees, wood;—ע׳ abs. Gn 3:3 +, cstr. 3:24 +, עֵץ־ 2:16 +; sf. עֵֽחְְ Dt 28:42, etc.; pl. עֵחִים Ju 9:8 +, cstr. עֲחֵי Is 7:2 +, sf. עֵחֶיְ Dt 29:10, עֵחֵינוּ La 5:4, etc.;—

1. (c. 150 t.) a. a standing tree Gn 18:4, 18:8 (J) +, Ex 15:25 (J; of shrub ?), Je 17:18 = Ps 1:3 (sim.); to be felled Dt 19:5, 2 K 6:6; הָעֵחִים (appar. incl. vine and bramble) in allegory Ju 9:8 + 6 t. Ju 9; עֵץ הַחַיִּיםGn 2:9, 3:22, 3:24 (J), cf. חַיִּים ע׳ fig. of source of (life and) happiness † Pr 3:18, 11:30, 13:12, 15:4; הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָדָע ע׳ Gn 2:9, 2:16 (J); יַעַר(ה)עֲחֵי Is 7:2 (sim.), 44:14, Ez 15:2 +; עֲחֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Is 55:l2, Ez 17:24 (fig.) , +; עֲחֵי לְבָנוֹן 2 Ch 2:7; עֲחֵי־מַיִם † Ez 31:14; עֲחֵי י׳Ps 104:16; עֲחֵי עֵדֶן † Ez 31:9, 31:16, 31:18, 31:18; עֲחֵי לְבוֹנָה Ct 4:14; of vine עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן † Ez 15:2, 15:6 ; תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ רַעֲנָ֑ן place of illicit worship † Dt 12:2, Je 2:20, 3:6, 3:13, 1 K 14:23, 2 K 16:4, 17:10, Ez 6:13, Is 57:5, 2 Ch 28:4, cf. עַל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Je 17:2; כָּל־עַץ עָבֹת Ez 20:28. b. coll. trees, עֵץ־הַגָּן Gn 2:16, 3:1, 3:2, 3:8 (all J); usu. later, י׳ 1:12, 1:29, 1:29 (P), +; עֵץ פְּרִי fruit-bearing trees Gn 1:11 (P), Ps 148:9, cf. Ec 2:5, פְּרי עֵץ Ex 10:15 (J), Ez 36:30, Lv 23:40 (H), cf. Jo 2:22; עֵץ־מַאֲכָל Dt 20:20, Lv 19:23 (H), Ez 47:12, Ne 9:25; עֵץ הַזַּיִת Hg 2:19 olive trees, עֵץ שֶׁמֶן Ne 8:15, עֵץ־שָָׁמֶן Is 41:19; סֲבָח־עֵץ Ps 74:5 thicket of trees; עֵץ הַשָּׂרֶה Ex 9:25 (J), +; עֵץ הַיַּעַר † Ez 15:6, cf. Is 10:19, 44:23; כִּימֵי הָעֵץ Is 65:22 (sim. of great age). c. pl. of trees felled for building, 1 K 5:20, 5:32 (+ אֲבָנִים); עֲחֵי אֲרָזִים 2 S 5:11 = 1 Ch 14:1 + 7 t.; עֲחֵי בְרוֹשִׁים 1 K 52:22, 52:24, 9:11; (אַלְגּ׳)עֲחֵי לְמֻגִּים , v. אַלְגּ׳ p. 38 supr.

2. (c. 175 t.; c. 120 t. pl., to denote pieces [or articles] of wood) a. wood, as material; for building, 2 K 12:13 (+ אַבְנֵי מַתְחֵב), 22:6 = 2 Ch 34:11 (both + id.), Ne 2:8 +; עֲחֵי שָָׁמֶן 1 K 6:23, 6:31, 6:33 cf. v:32; עֲחֵי־גֹּפֶר Gn 6:14 (Noah's ark), עֲחֵי שִׁטִּים Ex 25:5, 25:10 + 20 t. Ex (of tabern. and its furniture; all P) Dt 10:3; מִגְדַּל־עֵץ Ne 8:4; מוֹטִת עֵץ Je 28:13 (in fig.; opp. בַּרְזֶל מ׳); כְּלִי־עֵץ article of wood Lv 11:32, 15:12, Nu 31:20, cf. 35:18 (all P). Hence b. עֵחִים = articles of wood Ex 7:19 (P; ‖אֲבָנִים), 1 Ch 29:2; so עֲחֵי בְרוֹשִׁים 2 S 6:5 (but v. בְּרוֹשׁ ad fin); specif. הָעֵץ = helve of axe Dt 19:5; (וֹ)עֵץ חֲנִית 1 S 17:7 Qr (Kt חֵץ) = 1 Ch 20:5, 2 S 21:19, 23:7; עֲחֵי הָעֲגָלָה 1 S 6:14 (i.e. wood of which cart was made), עֲחֵי הָאֲשֵׁרָה Ju 6:26; esp. timbers of a house Zc 5:4, Hb 2:11, Lv 14:45, of a city 1 K 15:22 = 2 Ch 16:5, Ez 26:12; עֵץ of pole on which bodies of slain (criminals and others) were exposed (perhaps orig. trees) Gn 40:19 (E), Jos 8:29, 8:29, 10:26, 10:26, 10:27 (all JE), Dt 21:22, 21:23; late (in Pers.) used for executing criminals (? by hanging = gallows), תָּלָח עַל־עֵץ Est 2:23 + 8 t. Est. † c. of idols, עֵץ וָאֶבֶן Dt 4:28, 28:36, 28:64, 29:16, 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19, Ez 20:32, cf. Je 2:27, 3:9, Hb 2:19; so עֵץ alone Ho 4:12, Is 40:20, cf. 44:19, 45:20; אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל־עֵץ Dt 16:21. d. (fire-) wood Jos 9:23, 9:27 (J), v:21 (P), Dt 19:5 Is 30:33 +, rd. עֵחִים also Ez 24:5 (for MT עחמים) Bö Ew Sm Co Berthol Toy; esp. for sacrifices 1 K 18:23, 18:23 +, Gn 22:7, 22:9, 22:9, Lv 1:7 + 6 t. Lv (all P), 2 S 24:221 Ch 21:23, +; עֲחֵי עוֹלָה Gn 22:3, 22:6 (P). e. אֶרֶז(הָ)עֵץ cedar-wood, used in purifications Lv 14:4, 14:6, 14:49, 14:51, 14:52, Nu 19:6 (all P). f. פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ Jos 2:6 woody-flax, i.e. flax on the stalk.—Je 10:8 Gie prop. הֶבֶל מֹעֲחֹתָו for MT הֲבָלִים עִץ הוּא.—מֹאֶסֶת כָּל־עֵץ Ez 21:15 is dub., Sm prop. מָאֵסְתָּ כָל־עֵץ, Co מֹאֲסֵי כָל־עֹז, Berthol וּמְנַסֵּף כָּל־עַז; Siegf:Kau Toy leave untranslated.

782

†II. עֵחָה n.f. coll. trees Je 6:6, but rd. עֵחָהּ (עֵץ c. sf. 3 fs.), so Orient. Codd. LXX SyrVer Vulgate Targum Hi Gf Gie.—1. עֵחָה v. sub יָעֵץ.

III. עחה (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; cf. As.eṣên-ṣêri,eṣên of the back, prob. spine; Ar. عَصَّا os cruris, Lane:2068 c bone of the shank, عُصْعُص os caudae coccygisve).

עָחֶה n.[m.] either spine or os sacrum, bone close to fat-tail, הֶע׳ Lv 3:9.

IV. עחה (√ of foll.; Lag:BN 157 cp. غَضْيَأُ a land abounding with the trees called غَضَا).

עֶחְיוֹן גֶּ֫בֶר n.pr.loc. usu. Γασιων [Γεσ] Γαβερ, near Elath at head of Gulf of Aḳaba 1 K 9:26 = 2 Ch 8:17, גָּ֑בֶר י׳ 1 K 22:49 = 2 Ch 20:36; עֶחְיֹן גָּ֑בֶר Dt 2:8, Nu 33:35, 33:36 (P).

† [עָחֵל] vb.Niph. be sluggish (NH in der. species, and deriv.; cf. Ar. عَظِلَ III. stick fast in coitu, Lane:2086; Syr. ܥܛܶܠ be stupid);—Impf. 2 mpl. אַל־תֵּעָֽחְלוּ לָלֶכֶת Ju 18:9 be not sluggish in going.

עָחֵל:14 adj. sluggish, lazy;—alw. י׳ abs.;—אִישׁ־ע׳ Pr 24:30; elsewhere subst. sluggard Pr 6:6, 6:9 + 10 t. Pr + הֶע׳ 10:26.

עֵחְלָה n.f. sluggishness;—י׳ Pr 19:15; du. intens. עֲחַלְתַּיִם Ec 10:18 double (i.e. great) sluggishness (so Thes De al.; rd. then perhaps עֵחְלָתַיִם; > fr. עָחֵל a sluggish pair, i.e. hands Ew al.), but improb.; ‖שִׁפְלוּת יָדַיִם, whence Bi conj. עֵחְלוּת, Siegf עֵחְלַת יָדַיִם.

עַחְלוּת n.f. id.;—לֶחֶם י׳ Pr 31:27.

†I. [עָחֹם, cf. Lag:BN 31], עָחַם vb. be vast, mighty, numerous (NH Nithp. contend strenuously, and in deriv.; Ph. in עחמת mighty deeds, עחמם bones; Ar. عَظُمَ be great in bone, or anything, عَظُمُ, bones; Eth. 9ad.m: id.; Aram. עִטְמָא, ܥܰܛܡܳܐ thigh):—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְעָחַם consec. Dn 8:24, 11:23; 2 ms. עָחַמְתָּ Gn 26:16; 3 pl. עָֽחְמוּ Is 31:1 +, עָחֵָמוּ Ps 38:20; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּעַחְמוּ Ex 1:7, 1:20; Inf. cstr. עָחְמַת Is 47:9; sf. עָחְמוֹ Dn 8:8; —

1. be mighty, Gn 26:16 (J; c. מִן comp.), Dn 8:8, 8:24, 11:23.

2. be numerous, ‖דַבּוּ etc., Is 31:1, בְּעָחְמַת חֲבָרַיִח מְאֹד 47:9, Je 5:6, 30:14, 30:15, Ex 1:7 (P), v:20 (J), Ps 38:20, 69:5; c. מִן comp. Je 15:8, Ps 40:6, 40:13; alone 139:17. Hiph. make strong, Impf. 3 ms: sf. וַיַּעֲחִימֵחוּ Ps 105:24 + מִן comp.

עֹ֫חֶם n.[m.] might, bones;—

1. might, cstr. יָדִי י׳ Dt 8:17, יָֽדְְ י׳ Jb 30:21; sf. עָחְמָהַ Na 3:9 (Ges:§ 93 e); + רוּחז בְּי׳ Is 11:15 (Thes al.; for MT בַּעְיָם ר׳).

2. bones (coll.): sf. עָחְמִי Ps 139:15 = my frame.

עָחְמָה n.f. might;—Is 40:29 (‖כֹּהַ).

I. עֶ֫חֶם:125 n.f.:Ps 35:10 (c. pron. masc. Ez 37:5, 37:6 etc., cf. Albr.:ZAW xvi (1896). 73) bone, substance, self;—abs. י׳ Gn 2:23 +; עָָחֶם; Pr 15:30, 16:24; cstr. עֶחֶם Ex 24:10 +; sf. עַחְמִי Jb 19:20 +, etc.; pl. עֲחָמוֹת 2 K 23:16 +; cstr. עַחְמוֹת Jos 24:22 +; sf. עַחְמֹתַי Jb 4:14 +, etc.; also עֲחָמִים Ez 24:4 +, sf. עֲחָמַי Gn 2:23 +, etc.;—

1. bone: a. of living pers. Mi 3:2, 3:3 (hyperb.), Jb 10:11, 19:20, La 4:8, Ps 102:6, Ec 11:5 +; fig. of close relationship † עֶחָם מֵעֲחָמַי Gn 2:23, cf. 29:14 (both J), Ju 9:2, 2 S 5:1 = 1 Ch 11:1, 2 S 19:13, 19:14 (all + בָּשָׂר). b. ע׳ + בָּשָׂר = body, Jb 2:5, pl. = bodily frame Je 20:9 (sim.), limbs, members, לַעֲחָמֶיהָ Ju 9:29 i.e. limb by limb (GFM); as seat of vigour Jb 20:11, etc. c. (poet.) as seat of disease and pain Jb 30:17, 30:30 and (esp. of personif. Isr.) Ps 22:15, 31:1, 102:4, La 1:13, Hb 3:16 +. d. pl. as representing entire person = one's whole being, (esp. of personif. Isr.) Ps 6:3 (‖נֶפֶשׁ v:4), 35:10 (‖נֶפֶשׁ v:9), Is 66:14; of individ. (incl. physical and moral) Pr 3:8, 14:30, 15:30, 16:24. e. sg. = external body La 4:7 Ew Th al., but dub.; Bi Bu bones (= branches) of coral (פְּנִינִים); Löhr עוֹרָם their skin. f. esp. of dead Nu 19:16, 19:18 (P), Ez 37:1 +; oft. (pl.) = remains Am 6:10, Gn 50:25, Ex 13:19, 13:19, Jos 24:32 (all E) +.

2. bone of animal Ex 12:46, Nu 9:12 (both P); Ez 24:4, 24:5 (symbol.); of (living) hippopot. Jb 40:18.

3. sg. substance, self (cf. גֶּרֶם 3): הַשָּׁמַיִם כְּע׳ Ex 24:10 (JE), like the substance of the sky = the sky itself; תֻּמּוֹ בְּע׳ Jb 21:23 i.e. full prosperity; esp. אֶת־ע׳ הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה Ez 24:2 this selfsame day, וגו׳ בְּע׳ 24:2, 40:1, Gn 7:13, 17:23, 17:26, Ex 12:17, 12:41, 12:51, Lv 23:21, 23:28, 23:29, 23:30, Dt 32:48, Jos 5:11 (all P), וגו׳ עַד־ע׳ Ez 2:3, Lv 23:14 (P), Jos 10:27 (R).—Ez 24:5a rd. הָעֵחִים (Bö Ew al.); v:10 del. הָעֲחָמוֹת (Co Toy); Jb 7:15 rd. מֵעַצְּבוֹתָָי (Reiske Me Bu Du al.); Ps 53:6 rd. perh. מֵעֲחַת (cf. ‖ Ps 14:6 Bae; v. Hup Che al.); 69:5 rd. מֵעַחְמוֹתַי (for MT מַחְמִיתַי), SyrVer Ol Che Bae al.

783

†II. עֶ֫חֶם n.pr.loc Ασομ, etc., in Negeb of Judah, עָָחֶם Jos 15:29, Simeon 19:3, 1 Ch 4:29 (עָחֶם).

עָחוּם:31 adj. mighty, numerous;—ע׳ Gn 18:18 +, pl. עֲחוּמִים Is 8:7 +, עֲחֻמִים Mi 4:3 +; sf. עֲחוּמָיו Ps 10:10; —

1. mighty, esp. of people, strong in numbers (oft. ‖רַב, גָּדוֹל) Gn 18:18, Ex 1:9 + 3 t. JE; Dt 4:38 + 6 t. D, Mi 4:3, 4:7, Zc 8:22, Is 60:22 (opp. חָעִיר), of locusts Jo 1:6, 2:2, 2:5, cf. v:11; so of חַיִל Dn 11:25; עַם לאֹ עָחוּם, i.e. feeble Pr 30:26 (of the שָׁפָן); less oft. of individ. מְלָכִים ע׳ Ps 135:10; of waters Is 8:7; ע׳ alone Pr 18:18 the mighty, Dn 8:24; Ps 10:10 his mighty ones i.e. claws, of lion, so Ew De Che Bae al.).

2. numerous, countless (all ‖רַב): Am 5:12, Ps 35:18; as subst. = many Is 53:12, Pr 7:26.—Is 41:21 v. עֲחֻמָה sub III. עחם. below

† [תַּעֲחֻמָה] n.f. might;—pl. intens. עז זְתַעֲחֻמוֹת Ps 68:36 strength and abundant might.

עַחְמֹוֹן n.pr.loc. Ασε(λ)μωνα on extreme S. border of Canaan, Nu 34:5, c. ה loc. עַחְמֹ֫נָה v:4, עַחְמ֫וֹנָה Jos 15:4.

† II. [עָחַם] vb. shut the eyes (NH Hiph.; poss. connex. with Syr. ܥܡܰܨ = id., Ar. غَمَضَ, IV (on غَمُضَ = ض v. Nö:ZMG xxxii (1878), 406); NH עִמֵּץ close eyes of dead; cf. Ba:ES 5f.);—Qal Pt. וְעֹחֵם עֵינָיו מִן Is 33:15 shutteth his eyes from seeing Pi Impf. 3 ms. וַיְעַצֵּם אֶת־עֵינֵיכֶם Is 29:10 he hath tightly shut your eyes (cf. I. עחה).

III. עחם (√ of foll., si vera l.; cf. Ar. عَصَمَ defend, protect, عِصْمَةُ defence, v. Du and cf. Thes; > De Di al. your mighty things strong arguments (fr. עָחוּם, sub I. עחם, which foll. perhaps imitates in vocalization)).

† [עֲחֻמָה] n.f. defence;—pl. sf. עֲחֻמוֹתֵיכֻם (so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. עַצֻּמ׳) Is 41:21 bring forward your defences, defensive arguments (Che:Hpt עַצְּבוֹתֵיכֻם your idols, after Gr, [so Lo Klo explain עחמ׳, as mightiest aid, I. עחם]).

עחנו(ה) 2 S 23:8, v. 1. עָדִין sub I. עדן. p. 726

עָחַר:46 vb. restrain, retain (NH id.; cf. prob. As eṣêru, retain, restrain, Dl:HWB 122 Jäger:BAS i. 483 Zehnpfund:ib. 500; Eth. 9as’ara: press, Ar. عَصَرَ; Targum עֲחַר Syr. ܥܨܰܪ id.);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 20:18 +, sf. עֲחָרַנִי 16:2; 1 S. יָחַרְתִּי Dn 10:8, 10:16; etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעְחֹר 1 S 9:17 +, יַעְחָר־ 2 Ch 2:5; sf. יַעֲחָרְכָה 1 K 18:44, etc.; Inf. abs. עָחֹר Gn 20:18, cstr. לַעִחֹר 2 Ch 22:9, וַעְחֹר Jb 4:2 (Ges:§ 28 b); Pt. pass. עָחוּר Je 33:1 +, etc.;—

1. restrain, c. acc. pers. Gn 16:2 (J; + מִן, i.e. prevent), עָחֹר עָחַר בְּעֵד כָּל־רֶחֶם 20:18 (E), cf. abs. Is 66:9 (opp. מוֹלִיד); sq. inf. 2 K 4:24; c. acc. pers. alone 1 K 18:44 hinder, stop; c. acc. of sky (hindering rain) Dt 11:17, 2 Ch 7:13; pt. pass. abs. shut up, or hindered (for reasons not given) Je 36:5, Ne 6:10 (? by a vow, or by ceremonial uncleanness, cf. Rs:Sem i. 436 f., 2nd ed. 455 f.); = shut up (c. ב, in prison) 2 K 17:4, pt. pass. Je 33:1, 39:15, fig. 20:9; on עָחוּר וְעָזוּב (5 t.) v. I. עזב; עֲחֻרָה לָנוּ 1 S 21:6 women have been kept away with ref. to us (cf. RS:l. c.); עָחוּר מִפְּנֵי 1 Ch 12:1 kept away from before Saul; = detain, c. acc. Ju 13:15, 13:16; in Jb c. בְּ, בְּמִלִּין ע׳ 4:2, cf. 29:9, so בַּמַּיִם 12:5; בְּעַמִּי ע׳ 1 S 9:17 is rule over, etc. (si vera l.); ins. also (with other words) 10:1 LXX We Dr al.

2. (late) retain, c. acc. כֹּחַ 2 Ch 13:20, 22:9, Dn 10:8, 10:16, 11:6; + inf. = be able to 1 Ch 29:14, 2 Ch 2:5; om. כֹּחַ 14:10 (+ עִמְְּ), 20:37 (+ inf.). † Niph. be restrained, stayed, of plague: Pf. 3 fs. נֶעֱחָָרָה Nu 17:15; Impf. 3 fs. תֵּעָחַר 2 S 24:27 = 1 Ch 21:22, וַתֵּעָחַר Nu 17:13, 25:8 (P) 2 S 24:25, Ps 106:30; be shut up (of sky), Inf. cstr. בְּהֵעָחֵר 1 K 8:35 = 2 Ch 6:26; be under restraint or detention Pt. נֶעְחָר 1 S 21:8 + לִפְחנֵי י׳ (? i.e. kept by a vow, cf. HPS and Ne 6:10 supr.).

עֶ֫חֶר n.[m.] restraint (?), only יוֹרֵשׁ ע׳ Ju 18:7 a possessor of restraint, i.e. ruler, but LXX Vulgate wealth, so Thes al., text very dub., cf. GFM: Bu conj. That ע׳ combines readings אֹחָר and עשֶׁר.

עֹ֫חֶר n.[m.] restraint, coercion;—ע׳ abs.: וּמִמִּשְׁפָט מֵע׳ Is 53:8 from (as a result of) coercion and judgment he was taken off; cstr. רָעָה ע׳ Ps 107:39; רָָחַם ע׳ Pr 30:16 restraint of womb, barrenness (so Ps 107:39 Perles:Anal. 85).

עֲחָרָה, עֲחֶ֫רֶת n.f. assembly (? as confined, held in);—abs. עֲחָרָה Is 1:13 + 2 t.; עֲחֶ֫רֶת Dt 16:8 + 3 t., עֲחָָרֶת 2 Ch 7:9; cstr. עֲחֶָרֶת Je 9:1; pl. sf. עַחְרֹתֵיכֶם Am 5:21; —

1. sacred assembly, rejected by י׳, Is 1:13 and (at Bethel, etc.) Am 5:21; for Baal 2 K 10:20; Dt 16:8 (last day of Maṣṣoth), Lv 23:36 (P), Nu 29:35 (P), Ne 8:18 (all of day after feast of booths), cf. 2 Ch 7:9 [NH of feast of weeks, Targum עֲחַרְתָּא Jos:Ant. iii. 10, 6 ̓Ασάρτα]; occasional, Jo 1:14, 2:15.

2. assemblage, company (in gen.), בֹּגְדִים ע׳ Je 9:1 an assemblage of deceivers (Gr עֲדַת; Che חֶבְרַת).

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מַעְחוֹר n.[m.] restraint, hindrance;—מ׳ 1 S 14:6 sq. inf., י׳ has no hindrance in delivering.

מַעְחָר n.[m.] restraint, control;—מ׳ Pr 25:28 a man whose spirit is without control.

עקב (√ of foll., meaning dub.: Thes assumes be protuberant, whence both עָקֵב heel and II. עָקֹב hilly).

†I. עָקֵב n.m. heel, footprint, hinderpart (Arab. عَقِبُ heel, fig. end (of a month), عِقْبَةُ mark, sign, trace; Aram. עִקְבָּא, ܥܩܶܒ heel, footprint, fig. trace, mark (cf. Wsd 2:4 SyrVer Ecclus 13:26 HCT SyrVer), also end, extremity);—ע׳ abs. Gn 3:15 +, cstr. עֲקֵב 25:26, pl. cstr. עִקָבֵי Ct 1:8, עִקְּבֵי Gn 49:17, Ju 5:22, עִקְּבוֹת Ps 77:20, 89:52, etc.;—a. heel, of man, Gn 25:26 וְיָדוֹ אֹחֶזֶת בַּעֲקֵב אָחִיו, as obj. of attack from behind, 3:15 וְאַתָּה תְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ עָקֵב, Jb 18:9 פַּח יאֹחֵז בְּע׳, Je 13:22 נֶחְמְסוּ עֲקֵבָָיִךְ are treated violently, i.e. are rudely exposed (‖נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִח); as instrument of attack, Ps 41:10 הִגְדִּיל עָלַי עָ׳ hath made great the heel against me, i.e. given me insidiously a great fall (fig. for taken some cruel advantage of me; cf. ὑποσκελίζω ); of an animal, Gn 49:17 הַנּשֵׁח עִקְּבֵי סוּם, Ju 5:22 b. mark of heel, footprint, Ct 1:8 חְאִי־לָח בְּעִקְבֵי הַצּאֹן, Ps 56:7 יִשְׁמְרוּ עֲקֵבַי they mark my footprints, i.e. watch me insidiously wherever I go 89:52 אֲשֶׁר הֵֽרְפוּ עִקְּבוֹת מְשִׁיחְֶָ i.e. followed him mockingly, of י׳ (fig.) Ps 77:20 עִקְּבוֹתֶיְ לאֹ נוֹדָָעוּ thy footprints were not known (the waters closing over them). c hinder-part, rear (of a troop of men), Gn 49:19 :וְהוּא יָגוּב עָקֵב (rd. אָשֵׁר :עֲקֵבָם ) he will troop on their rear, Jos 8:13 עֲקֵבָם (cf. Di).

עָקַב vb. follow at the heel, fig. assail insidiously, circumvent, overreach (denom. from עָקֵב; cf. Ar. عَقَبَ follow (at the heel), succeed, III. bring consequence on, i.e. punish, Qor 22:59, IV. make to follow, i.e. reward or punish, عَاقِبَةُ end, final lot 6:11 reward 6:136 ܥܩܰܒ hold back (rare), follow, Pa. investigate, search out: Eth. 9aqba: is keep, guard);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. Ho 12:4 בַּבֶּטֶן עָקַב אֶת־אָחִיו he attacked his brother at the heel (cf. Gn 25:26 sub עָקֵב); Impf. 3 ms. Gn 27:36 הֲכִי קָרָא שְׁמוֹ יַעֲקֹב וַיַּעְקְבֵנִי זֶה פַעֲמַיִם and he hath overreached me now twice; + Inf. abs Je 9:3 בָּל־אָח עָקוֹב יַעֲקֹב surely overreacheth (‖רָכִיל יַהֲלֽח). [LXX πτερνίζω, to attack with the heel; but this dub. In ‘supplant,&rs. also, the fig. is a different one.] Pi. Jb 37:4 וְלאֹ יְעַקְּבֵם dub.; poss attack at the heel (cf. זִנֵּב), hence fig. hold back; more prob. rd. וְלאֹ יְעַכְּבֵם holdeth them not back (sc. בְּרָקָיו his lightnings), when his voice is heard from עִכֵּב to hold back (common in NH; Targum עַכֵּב).

†II עָקֵב adj. verb overreacher, Ps 49:6 עֲוֹן עֲקֵבַי יְסֻבֵּנִי i.e. of those who would take some insidious advantage of me.

†I. עָקֹב adj. 1. insidious, deceitful, Je 17:9 עָקֹב הַלֵּב מִכֹּל. 2. foot-tracked (denom. from 1. עָקֵב) Ho 6:8 גִּלְעָד קִרְיַת פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן עֲֹקֻבָּה מִדָּם.

†II. עָקֹב adj. steep, hilly (v. √; cf. عَقَبَةُ difficult mountain path, Qor 90:11 9aqub: hill);—Is 40:4 והיה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר let the steep ground (Ch) become a plain (‖הָֽרְכָסִים). Cf. Ecclus 6:20.

עָקְבָה n.f. insidiousness, 2 K 10:19 זְיֵהוּא עָשָׂה בְע׳.

עֵ֫קֶב n.[m.] consequence, usu. as adv. acc. as a consequence of, because (that) also reward, end (v. sub עָקַב; and cf, عَقِبُ heel fig. consequence, result);—

1. Is 5:23 מַחְדִּיקֵי רָשָׁע עֵקֶב שֹׁחַד (adv. acc.) in consequence of a bribe. Ps 40:16 (= 70:4) על עֵקֶב בָּשְׁתָּם (pleon.) according to the consequence of their shame, i.e. in consequence of the disgrace falling upon them. Hence as conj. עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר as a consequence of (the fact) that, because, Gn 22:18 אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקֹלִי ע׳ 26:5, 2 S 12:6 ; so עֵקֶב כִּי 2 S 12:10, Am 4:12 כִּי זאת אעשׂה לך ע׳; עֵקֶב alone, Nu 14:24, and (sq. impf.) Dt 7:12 תשׁמעון ע׳ in consequence of your hearkening, etc., 8:20.

2. consequence = gain, reward, Ps 19:12 בְּשָׁמְרָם עֵקֶב רָב, Pr 22:4 עשֶׁר וגו׳ יִרְאַת י׳(וְ)עֵקֶב עֲנָוָה .

3. end (of time), adv. acc., Ps 119:33 וְאֶצֳּרֶנָּה ע׳ to the end, v:112 לְעוֹלָם ע׳ (cf. Ecclus 16:3; Targum עִקְבָּא (rare)).

עַקּוּב n.pr.m LXXB usu. (Ι)ακουν[μ] A LXXL Ακ(κ)ουβ:—

1. descendant of David 1 Ch 3:24.

2. heads of post-exilic families: a. Ezr 2:42 = Ne 7:45. b. Ezr 2:45 (si vera l.).

3. Levites: a. 1 Ch 9:17. b. Ne 8:7. c. Ne 11:19, 12:25.

יַּעֲקב:344, יַעֲקוֹב:5 n.pr.m. et gent. Jacob, Ιακωβ, son of Isaac and Rebekah, father of tribes of Isr. (expl. fr. עָקֵב heel Gn 25:26, Ho 12:4; i.e. supplanter; cp. with עָקַב overreach Gn 27:36; one closely following acc. to Lag:BN 127; connexion with Pal. city (?) called in Egyptian Yï‘kbÕ’ara (i.e. יַעֲקֹב־אֵל) is obscure; cf. Mey:ZAW vi.1 ff. WMM:As. u. Eur. 162 ff. Jen:ZA x(1895–6), 347 ff.; v.also Bab. n.pr.m. Yaïḳubilu, Pinches in Hom:AHT 61, 96, 112; hence OT יַעֲקֹב perhaps orig. יעקבקל or the like. cf. Palm. n.pr. בלעקב, עתעקב);—יַעֲקוֹב Je 30:18 + 3 t. Je, Lv 26:42; יַעֲקֹב 215 t. Hex. (chiefly JE; 180 t. Gn once Lv, etc.), 34 t. Ps 42 t. Is (27 t. 40–66), etc.;—

1. as n.pr.m. Gn 25:26 + 205 t. (+ אַבְרָהָם, יִחְחָק19 t.); also בֵּית יַע׳ of people (v. בַּיִת 5 d (γ)), בְּנֵי יַע׳ (v. בֵּן 1 j (β)), זֶרַע יַע׳ (v. זֶרַע 4 f), עֵין יַע׳ (v. עַיִן ), etc.

2. as n.pr.gent. (c. 100 t.; poet. and proph.) Nu 24:5, 24:19, Dt 32:9, Ps 44:5, Is 10:21, 17:4, Je 10:25, 30:7 +; ‖יִשְׂרָאֵל Nu 23:7, Dt 33:10, Is 14:1, Ps 14:7 + c. 35 t.; specif. of N. Isr. Am 7:2, 7:5, Ho 12:13 (+ 10:11, 12:3 prob., v. Now), Mi 1:5, 1:5, Is 9:7; of Judah Mi 3:1, 3:8, Ob:10, Is 65:9, Mal 2:12 + al. post-exilic; גְּאוֹן יַע׳ v. גָּאוֹן; † אֵל יַע׳ Ps 146:5, אֱלוֹהַּ יַע׳ Ps 114:7 †; אֱלֽהֵי יַע׳ 2 S 23:1, Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2 + 9 t. PsalmPsalm + Ps 24:6 (יַע׳ א׳ for MT יַע׳ alone), so LXX SyrVer Vulgate Ew Ol Hup Bae We Che al.; read יַע׳ א׳ also prob. 2 S 23:2 (for יִשׂ׳ א׳, ‖חוּר יִשׂ׳) Vulgate HPS; קְדוֹשׁ יַע׳ Is 29:23 (‖יִשׂ׳ א׳); מֶלֶךְ יַע׳ 41:21 (‖יהוה).— On יַעֲקֹב v. esp. Dr: ‘Jacob’ in Hastings:Dict. Bib. ii. 526 ff.

785

יַעֲקֹ֫בָה n.pr.m. Simeonite 1 Ch 4:36 Ιωκαβα, A Ιακαβα, LXXL Ιεκεβα.

†I. [עָקַד] vb. bind (NH id., bind bent limbs together; Ar. عَقَدَ tie, tie fast; Eth. 9aqada: Syr. ܥܩܰܕ and esp. ܥܰܘܩܶܕ bend, twist; Targum עֲקַד as NH; also kneel, cf. Chr. Pal., Schwally:Idiot.71);— Qal Impf. וַיַּעֲקֹד אֶת־יִחְחָק Gn 22:9.

עֵ֫קֶד n.[m.] ? binding, cf. הָרֹעִים בֵּית ע׳. p. 112

II. עקד (√ of foll.; usu. identif. with I, whence עָקֹד striped with bands, but dubious; Lag:BN 31 vocalizes √ עָקֹד).

עָקֹד adj. striped, streaked ;—of Jacob's goats and sheep; as subst. ע׳ Gn 30:40 (coll.), pl. עֲקֻדִּים 31:8, 31:8; pl. as attrib. 30:35, 30:39, pred. 31:10, 31:12.

† [עָקָה] n.f. Ps 55:4 v. עוק p.734.

עקה (√ of foll.; cf Ar. عَقَا hinder).

מַעֲקֶה n.[m.] parapet;—Dt 22:8.

† [עָקַל] vb.. bend, twist (NH esp. in deriv.; Targum in deriv.; Syr.ܥܩܠ twist, in der. spec.; Ar. عَقَلَ bind camel's folded fore-shank and arm together);—Pu. be bent out of shape, crooked, Pt. fig. מִשְׁפּט מְעֻקָּל Hb 1:4 crooked justice.

† [עֲקַלְקָל] adj. intens. crooked;—fpl. אֳרָחוֹת עֲקַלְקַלּוֹת Ju 5:6 i.e. roundabout paths (GFM); sf. עֲקַלִקַלּוֹתָם Ps 125:5 their crooked-nesses.

עֲקַלָּתוֹן adj. crooked (acc. to Sm:ZAW iv. 213 constellation Draco;—לִוְיָתָן נָחָשׁ ע׳ Is 27:1.

עֲקָן n.pr.m. in Edom;—וַע׳ Gn 36:27, (I)ουκαμ = יַעֲקָן 1 Ch 1:42, Ωναν, Ιαακαν etc. (v. Lag:BN 84.Anm.**; also בְּנֵי־יַעֲקָָן and יע׳ בְּאֵרֹת ב׳ ).

עקר (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; cf. Aram. עִקָּרָא ܥܶܩܳܠܳܐ root; Eth. 9aq4r: medicine; Ar. vb. appar. denom. عَقَرَ extirpate, Targum עֲקַר id.; NH עָקַר = BH).

†I. עֵ֫קֶר n.m. offshoot, member (? from root);—cstr. מִשְׁפַּחַת גֵּר ע׳ Lv 23:47 a member of a sojourner's family. below

† [עָקַר] vb. denom. pluck or root up—Qal Inf. cstr. לַעֲקוֹר c. acc. Ec 3:2 (opp. נָטַע). Niph. Impf. 3 fs. עֶקְרוֹן תֵּעָקֵר Zp 2:4 (word-play).

עִקֵּר vb.Pi.denom (from עֵקַר or other like word = (root-sinew), hamstring;—hamstring horses (on Arab. funeral usage, with camel and horse v. We:Heid. 2, 181): Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Jos 11:9, Impf. 3 ms. וַיְעַקֵּר 2 S 8:4 = 1 Ch 18:4, 2 ms. תְּעַקֵּר Jos 11:6 all c. acc.; Pf. 3 mpl. עִקְּרוּ שׁוֹר Gn 49:6they hamstrung an ox.

עָקָר adj. barren;—ע׳ of male Dt 7:14, עֲקָרָה of female v:14 (mankind and beasts), Ex 23:26 (E; female); elsewhere of women Gn 11:30, 25:21, 29:31 (all J), Ju 13:2, 13:3, 1 S 2:5, Jb 24:21, Ps 113:9 (עֲקֶרֶת cstr.); of personif. Zion Is 54:1.

†II. עֵ֫קֶר n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:27, Ακορ, Ικαρ.

עַקְרָב n.m. scorpion (appar. quadrilit.; NH id.; As. aḳrabu; Eth. 9aqorab:; Ar. عَقْرَبُ; Targum עַקְרַבָּא);—abs. עַקְרָב Dt 8:15 (coll.; of wilderness), pl. עַקְרַבִּים Ez 2:6 (fig. of enemies); יִסַּר בָּע׳ 1 K 12:11, 12:14 = 2 Ch 10:11, 10:14, i.e. scourges with points, stings.—Vid. also מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים. p. 751

עֶקְרוֹן:22 n.pr.loc. Eḳrôn, Ακκαρων (in As. Amḳarruna COT:Gloss., Dl:Pa 289 who prop. עַקָּרוֹן );—Philistine city, one of the famous five, Am 1:8, Jos 13:3 (D) + 4 t. Jos (P), Ju 1:18, 1 S 5:10, 5:10 + 5 t. 1 S; 2 K 1:2, 1:3, 1:6, 1:16, Je 25:20, Zp 2:4, Zc 9:5, 9:7; mod. ï‘Âkir Rob:BR i. 227 ff. GASm:Geogr.198 Buhl:Geogr.187 f.

עֶקְרוֹנּי adj. gent. of foregoing, c. art. = subst. the Eḳrônite Jos 13:3 (D); pl. הָעֶקְרֹנִים 1 S 5:10.

786

† [עָקַשׁ] vb. twist (NH id. (rare));—Niph. Pt. cstr. דְּרָכַיִם Pr 28:18 one crooked in ways (< pl., cf. Toy). Pi. Pf. 3 pl. עִקְּשׁז לָהֶס Is 59:8 their paths they have twisted. Impf. 3 mpl. יְעַקֵָּשׁזּ Mi 3:9 all that is straight they make crooked; Pt מְעַקֵּשׁ דְּרָכָיו Pr 10:9 (cf. Niph.). Hiph. Impf. וַיּעְקְשֵׁנִי Jb 9:20 (Ges:§ 53 n) he hath declared me crooked, devious (in life).

† I. עִקֵּשׁ adj. twisted, perverted;—abs. וּפְתַלְתֹּל דּוֹר ע׳ Dt 32:5 a generation twisted and crooked, לֵבָב ע׳ Ps 101:4; as n.m. (of one devious in life) the perverted 2 S 22:27 = Ps 18:27, Pr 22:5, of things 8:8; cstr. דְּרָכַיִם ע׳ 28:6, שְׂפָתָיו ע׳ 19:1, עִקֶּשׁ־לֵב 17:20; pl. אָרְחֹתֵיהֶם עִקְּשִׁים 2:15 whose ways are twisted; cstr. עִקְּשֵׁי־לֵב 11:20.

† II. עִקֵּשׁ n.pr.m. a Tekoan 2 S 23:26 = 1 Ch 11:28, 1 Ch 27:9; Εισκα, Εκκις, etc.

עִקְּשׁוּת n.f. crookedness:—cstr. פֶּה ע׳ crookedness of mouth Pr 4:24, 6:12 (cf. עִקֵּשׁ 19:1).

† [מַעֲקָשׁ] n.[m.] twisted, crooked place;—pl. מַעֲקַשִׁים Is 42:16 (opp. מִישׁוֹר).

† I. עָר n.pr.loc. in Moab, S. of Arnon (Ηρ Nu 21:15, elsewhere chiefly Αροηρ);—ע׳ Nu 21:15, Dt 2:9, 2:18, 2:29; עָר מוֹאָד Nu 21:28, Is 15:1; —usually interpreted as capital city (עָר = עִיר) of Moab (DHM:ZMG xxxvii (1883), 398 cp. Sab. ער fortified height, cf. Mordtm:Him. Inschr. 29 Hal:Ét. Sab. 159 so Ar. العُرُّ, dial. of Yemen); Buhl:Geogr.269 f. thinks name of district S. of Arnon.

† II. עָר n.m. only 2 t.: עָרְֶָ 1 S 28:16 (v. Dr.); rd. חָרְֶָ thine adversary Klo HPS (al. as altern. with foll.) > עִם רֵעְֶָ LXX SyrVer Targum Th Bu Kit (?) al.; עָרֶיְ Ps 139:20 is very dub.; Hup עָלֶיְ, Ol Che al. שְׁמְֶָ; Bae leaves untranslated.

עֵר v. I. עִוּר. p. 735

I. ערב (√ of foll; prob. …עָרֵב mix; NH עָרַב mix; so Targum Pa. (oft.), Syr. ܥܪܰܒ mix (rarely, in der. forms), ܥܰܪܽܘܒܳܐ mixture).

† I. עֵ֫רֶב n.m.:Ex 12:38 mixture, mixed company;—heterogeneous body attached to a people; to Israel Ex 12:38 (E), Ne 13:3; to Egyptians Je 25:20 (Vulgate joins to v:19, so Gie); to Chaldeans 50:37; in Je 25:24 del. הָעֶרֶב …וְאֵת as doublet (so Gie, cf. LXX); in 1 K 10:15 rd. עֲרָב (as ‖ 2 Ch 9:14, so Benz Kit al.); Ez 30:5 rd. prob. id. (Co).

II. עֵ֫רֶב n.[m.] woof (as mixed, interwoven, with warp);—Lv 13:48 + 8t. 13 (all opp. שְׁתִי warp), cf. GFM:PAOS 1889, clxxviii.

עָרֹב:9 n.m.:Ex 8:20 prob. swarm (mixture, from incessant, involved motion; Lag:BN 112 doubts);—of plague of stinging flies, coming in a swarm (v. Di:Ex) Ex 8:17, 8:17 + 5 t. 8(J), Ps 78:45, 105:31.

† II. עָרַב vb. take on pledge, give in pledge, exchange (NH go surety for (rare); Ph. ערב surety; OAram. ערבא pledge; Targum עֲרַב, Syr. ܥܪܰܒ, go surety for; usu. identified with I. ערבmix, exchange, pledge—but quite uncertain; cf. Buhl:Lex Lag:BN 203);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 44:32 + 4 t.; 2 ms. עָרַבְתָּ Pr 6:1; Impf. 1 S. sf. אֶעֶרְבֶנּוּ Gn 43:9; Imv. עֲרֹב Ps 119:122, sf. עָרְבֵנִי Is 38:14, so Jb 17:3 (but v. infr.); Inf. cstr. לַעֲרֹב Ez 27:9; Pt. עֹרֵב Pr 17:18, etc.;—

1. c. acc. pers. taken on pledge, i.e. go surety for the safety of, Gn 43:9 (J), 44:32 (J; + מֵעִם pers.); for the debts of Pr 11:15, 20:16, 27:13; of God Is 38:14 go surety for me, Ps 119:122, so Jb 17:3 (si vera l., v. עֵרָבוֹן); acc. pers. om., לְ ע׳ Pr 6:1 go surety to one (in behalf of another, ‖תָּקַע לַזָּר כַּפֶָּיְ); c. acc. rei Pr 22:26 (‖תֹּקְעֵי־כָָף).

2. give in pledge, c. acc. rei Ne 5:3 (i.e. mortagage), fig. אֶת־לִבּוֹ ע׳ Je 30:21 so עֲרֻבָּה לִפְנֵי רֵעֵהוּ ע׳ Pr 17:18 (‖תֹּקֵעַ כָָּף).

3. exchange (in trade), c. acc. cogn. מָעֲרָבֵךְ Ez 27:9, 27:27. Hithp. 1. recipr.: Imv. הִתְעָ֫רֶב נָא אֶת־אֲדֹנִי 2 K 18:23 exchange pledges (make a bargain) with my lord = Is 36:8. 2. a. have fellowship with, בְּ pers., Pf. 3 pl. הִתְעָֽרְבוּ Ezr 9:2; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעָֽרְבוּ Ps 106:35; 2 ms. תִּתְעָרָָב c. לְ pers. Pr 20:19, c. עִם pers. 24:21. b. share in, בְּ rei, 3 ms. יִתְעָרַב Pr 14:10 in his joy no other shares..

עֲרֻבָּה n.f. thing exchanged, pledge, token;—sf. עֲרֻבָּתָם 1 S 17:18 = a token from them, i.e. response, token of welfare, Th Dr al.; abs. as acc. cogn. עָרַב ע׳ Pr 17:18 give a pledge.

עֵרָבוֹן n.[m.] pledge;—נָתַן ע׳ give a pledge Gn 38:17, 38:18, לָקַח ע׳ v:20 (all J), receive (back) a pledge (when condition is fulfilled).—Jb 17:3 rd. perh. עֶרְבֹנִי (for MT עָרְבֵנִי), as obj. of שֹׂימָה set my pledge (a surety for me), so Beer Bu al.

† I. [מַעֲרָב] n.m. usu. coll. articles of exchange, merchandise (only of Tyre, Ez 27);—sf. מַעֲרָבֵךְ v:13, v:17, v:19, v:25, v:27 a, v:34; as acc. cogn. c. עָרַב v:9, v:27; pl. sf. מַעֲרָבַיִךְ v:33 perh. thy (diverse) wares (DHM:VOJ viii (1894), 4 prop., ingeniously, meaning imports, deriving fr. V. ערב enter, but improb.).

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† [תַּעַרֻבָה] n. f. pledge;—only pl. in phr. בְּנֵי הַתַּעַרֻבוֹת 2 K 14:14 i.e. hostages = 2 Ch 25:24.%

†III. [עָרַב] vb. be sweet, pleasing (NH id. (rare); Hiph. Impf. יעריבו Ecclus 40:21; Targum עָרִיב adj. pleasant, sweet);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽרְבָה Je 31:26 my sleep was sweet to me (לִי), שְׁנָתְֶָ וְע׳ consec. Pr 3:24; of offering לי׳ לאֹ ע׳ Mal 3:4; 2 fs. עָרַבְתְּ Ez 16:37 c. עַל pers., to whom thou wast pleasing; 3 pl. לאֹ עָֽרְבוּ לִי Je 6:20 (of sacrif.); Impf. 3 ms. יֶעֱרַב עָלָיו שִׂיחִי Ps 104:34 let my meditation be pleasing unto him! 3 fs. תֶּעֱרַב לְ Pr 13:19 (of realized wish); 3 mpl. לאֹ יֶעֶרְבוּ לוֹ Ho 9:4 (of sacrifice; but Kue Che We GASm Now read יַעַרְכוּ).

עָרֵב adj. sweet, pleasant;—לָאִישׁ ע׳ לֶחֶם שָָׁקֶר Pr 20:17; קוֹלֵח ע׳ Ct 2:14.

IV. ערב (√ of foll.; poss. be arid; Thes cp. Eth. 9orobo0 be arid, sterile, so Baentsch:Die Wüste (1883), 17, but dub.; Syr. العَرَبة = BH; Ar. العَرَبُ n. pr. of depression S. of Dead Sea).

עֲרַב n.[m.] desert-plateau, steppe (cf. Che:Intr. Is. 129);—בַּעֲרָָב בַּעֲרַב (si vera l.) Is 21:13, 21:13 in the steppe (of what we know as N. Arabia); but in v:b Vrss Lo Che Gu:Kau al. בָּעֶרֶב in the evening.

עֲרָבִי n. gent. of foregoing, steppe-dweller;—Is 13:20; בַּמִּדְבָָּר כַּעֲרָבִ׳ Je 3:2.

עֲרָב n. pr. gent. coll. steppe-dwellers of N. Arabia (Wetzst:Zvölkerpsych. vii. 463 f.; extended later (so Herod:ii. 11 etc.) to whole peninsula, cf. Ar. غَرَبَ the Arabs, Bedúwy the people, Doughty:Arab. Deserta, i. 224; Sab. ערבן, ערב, אערב CIS:iv. p. 123, As. Aribu, Arubu, Arabi, people in N. Arabia, Dl:Pa 295 f. 304 f. COT:Je 25, 24; also Urbi Dl:Pa 305 f. of nomad ‘Arab’ tribes);—הַשֹּׁכְנִים בַּמִּדְבָּר מַלְכֵי ע׳ Je 25:24 (v. 1. עֵרֶב), 2 Ch 9:14 + ‖ 1 K 10:15 (v. id.); ע׳ also Ez 27:21 + 30:5 (v. id.); v. esp. Nö:Arabia in Ency. Bib.

עַרְבִי adj. gent. Arabian (in strictly ethnographic sense, Nö:l. c.);—הָע׳ as subst. Ne 2:19 Geshem the Arabian, so 6:1; pl. הָעַרְבִים Ne 4:1, 2 Ch 21:16, 22:1; also (written as NH) הערביים 26:7 (Qr הָעַרְבִים), and even הָעַרְבִיאִים 17:11.

I. עֲרָבָה:61 n. f. desert-plain, steppe;—abs. ע׳ 2 S 4:7 +, sf. עַרְבָתָהּ Is 51:3; pl. עֲרָבוֹת Je 5:6, Ps 68:5, cstr. עַרְבוֹת 2 K 25:5 +, עַרְבֹת Je 52:8; —

1. earliest use:a. arid steppe W. of Dead Sea (in S. Judah) 1 S 23:24, also Ez 47:8, Is 51:3, whence name יָם הָע׳ Jos 3:16 (JE) ‖יָם הַמֶּלַח), also 2 K 14:25, Dt 4:49, and (‖ id.) 3:17, Jos 12:3 (D); נַחַל הָעֲרָבָה Am 6:14 must be E. of Dead Sea, si vera l., but rd. prob. מִחְרַיִם נ׳ v. נַחַל. b. Jordan-valley W. of river + adjacent plain; near ford (opp. Jericho) 2 S 2:29, cf. Jos 8:14 (JE); also Dt 11:30, 2 K 25:4 = Je 39:4 = 52:7; —2 S 15:28, 17:16 v. עֲבָרָה c. Jordan-valley E. of river 2 S 4:7.

2. in D: a. esp. of E. Jordan plain Dt 1:1 (prob.) Jos 12:1, 12:3, E. half of Jordan-valley Dt 3:17, 4:49; of entire Jordan-valley (between כִּנֶּרֶת and Dead Sea, mod. El-Ghôr, the Depression) Dt 1:7, Jos 11:2, 11:16; W. Jordan plain only Jos 12:8; depression S. of Dead Sea (mod. Wady el-ï‘Arabah) Dt 2:8.

3. in P always pl. cstr. עַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב (E. Jordan) Nu 22:1 + 11 t. (v. מוֹאָב); עְרֵחוֹ ע׳ (W. Jordan) Jos 4:13, 5:10, also 2 K 25:5 = Je 39:5 = 52:8.

4. appar. N. Arabian desert Is 40:3, 41:19.

5. in gen. the steppe (oft. ‖מִדְבָּר), Je 17:6, 50:12, Is 33:9, 35:1, 35:6, Jb 24:5, 39:6, Ps 68:5; זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת Je 5:6 (fig. of invader); cf. description of Exodus אֶרֶץ עֲרָבָה וְשׁוּחָה Je 2:6; in sim., of a plain, of future land of Judah Zc 14:10.—Vid. Dr:Dt 1, 1 and reff. Buhl:Geogr. 111.

עַרְבָתִי v. בֵּית הָעֲרָבָה p.112

V. ערב (√ of foll.; cf. As. erêbu, enter, go in; erêb šamši, sunset; Ar. غَرَبَ set (distinct fr. غَرَبَ depart, = Sab. עַרב withdraw, acc. to DHM:Epigr. Denkm. 27), غَرْبُ place of sunset, west; Sab. מערבם, מערבי [not עַ !] west, western, CIS:iv. p. 199 DHM:l. c.; Eth. 9arba: set (of heavenly bodies), so Syr. ܥܪܶܒ; ܥܪܽܘܒܬܳܐ evening (Lag:BN 64 f.); Zinj. מערב west; NH עֶרֶב = BH. Hence also Εὐπώπη, Europe, Lewy:Fremdw. 139).

עֶ֫רֶב:131 n.[m. 1 S 20:5 del. הַשְּׁלִישִׁית v. We Dr al.] (sun)set, evening;—abs. ע׳ 2 K 2:16 +, עָָרֶב Ex 12:18 +; cstr. עֶרֶב Pr 7:9; du. עַרְבַּיִם Ex 30:8 + 4 t., בָָּיִם- 12:16 + 5 t. (all P);—

1. a. evening, orig. sunset, and hence perh. לְעֵת ע׳ at the time of sunsetGn 8:11 (J), 24:11 (J; ‖לְעֵת חֵאת הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת), 2 S 11:2, Is 17:14 and (of the day of י׳) Zc 14:7, עֵת הָע׳ Jos 8:29 (JE) †; usu. ע׳ alone = time of sunset, evening: בָּע׳ in the evening Gn 19:1 (J), 29:23 (E), Ex 12:18 (P), Dt 16:6 (+ שֶׁמֶשׁ כְּבוֹא), 1 K 22:35 (cf. ‖ 2 Ch 18:34 where + לְעֵת בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) + 20 t. + בָּע׳(־)בָּע 2 Ch 13:11, 13:11 = every evening; לָע׳ at evening only late: † 1 Ch 16:40, 23:30, 2 Ch 2:3, Ezr 3:3, Ps 59:7, 59:15, 90:6, Ec 11:6 †; לִפְנוֹת ע׳ at the turn of eveningGn 24:63 (J), Dt. 23:12; ע׳ as adv. acc. Ec 16:6 (P), Ps 55:18; as marking duration of impurity, in phr. עַד־הָע׳ Lv 11:24 + 30 t. P + Lv 22:6 (H); of Day of Atonement מֵע׳ עַד־ע׳ 23:32 (P). b. du. in phrase (only P) בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם between the two evenings, i.e. prob. between sunset and dark (v. Thes [various views fully given]; otherwise Di:Ex 12:6; on form as poss. only expanded pl. v. Ges:§ 88 c), † Ex 12:6, 16:12, 29:39, 29:41, 30:8, Lv 23:5, Nu 9:3, 9:5, 9:11, 28:4, 28:8 †. c. other phrases are: חִלְלֵי ע׳ Je 6:4 (dist. fr. חָהֳרָָיִם and לָָיְלָה v:5), ע׳(הָ)מִנְחַה 2 K 16:15, Ezr 9:4, 9:5, Ps 141:2, Dn 9:21 †; זְאֵבֵי ע׳ v. 1. זְאֵב; for all combin. with בֹּקֶר morning, v. ב׳ 1 d, e. 2. (late poet.) = night, עָָרֶב Jb 7:4; cf. בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם Pr 7:9 (‖בְּאִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה וִאֲפֵלָה).

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† [עָרַב] vb. denom. become evening; grow dark (?);—Qal. Inf. cstr. רָפָה הַיּוֹם לַעֲרוֹב Ju 19:9, but rd. prob. נָטָה הַיּוֹם לַעֶרֶב LXXL GFM; Pf. 3 fs. fig. עָֽרְבָה Is 24:11 all joy has grown dark, but rd. עָֽבְרָה has passed away Lo Gr Perles:Anal. 91 Che:Hpt al. Hiph. Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּם וְהַעֲרֵב 1 S 17:16 doing it at morning and at evening.

† II. מַעֲרָב n.[m.] west (late) (place of sunset);—מִמַּעֲרָבָה ( = בָהּ-, cf. De Ges: § 91 e) Is 45:6 from its setting-place (opp. מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁמֶשׁ); מַעֲרָב opp. מִזְרָח also 43:5, 59:19, Ps 103:12, 107:3, so לַמּ׳ westward 1 Ch 7:28, 12:16 (van d. H. v:15), 26:16, 26:18; מ׳ opp. מוֹחָא Ps 75:7; מִן־הַּמַּעֲרָב (alone) Dn 8:5; c. ה loc. מַעֲרָָבָה 1 Ch 26:30 westward, sq. לְ = to the west of 2 Ch 32:30, 33:14, לַגִּבְעָה מִמּ׳ Ju 20:33 acc. to LXX (not B) Vulgate Be GFM al. (v. [מַעֲרֶה]).

VI. ערב(√ of foll.; cf. Ar. غَرِبَ be black, غُرَابُ crow (raven, rook, etc.); As. ârivu, êribu; Aram. ܥܽܘܪܒܳܐ, עוְּרְבָּא, all crow, raven).

עֹרֵב n.m.:Lv 11:15 raven;—הָע׳ Gn 8:7 (J), Lv 11:15 (H) = Dt 14:14, Jb 38:41; כָּעוֹרֵב Ct 5:11 black as the raven; עֹרֵב בְּנֵ׳ Ps 147:9 young ravens; pl. abs. הָעֹרְבִים1 K 17:4, 17:6; cstr. עֹרְבֵי־נַחַל Pr 30:17.

† II. [עֲרָבָה] n.[m.] poplar (populus Euphratica = Ar. غَرَبُ We in De:Gn (4), 568 Kersten:ZPV ii. 209 De: Is (4) 44, 4 Löw:p. 300 Anm.; NH עֲרָבָה √ obscure);—pl. abs. עֲרָבִים עַל־יִבְלֵי־מָָיִם Is 44:4, cf. Ps 137:2; cstr. עַרְבֵי־נָָחַלLv 23:40 (H), Jb 40:22; נַחַל־הָעֲרָבִים Is 15:7 (a wady in Moab; identification dub., v. conjectures in Buhl:Geogr. 124).

† [עָרַג] vb. long for (cf. Ar. عَرَجَ ascend, II. bend, incline toward (علي); عَرِيجُ high, elevated; Eth. 9arga: ascend; NH עֲרוּגָה = BH);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. תַּעֲרֹג Ps 42:2 (of stag, c. עַל rei in sim.); c. אֶל, of longing for God v:2 (subj. נַפְשִׁי), so תַּעֲרוֹג Jo 1:20 (of beasts, craving water).

† [עֲרוּגָה] n.f. garden terrace or bed;—cstr. עֲרוּגַת הַבּשֶֹׁם Ct 5:13 bed of balsam (sim.); pl. cstr. עֲרֻגוֹת הַבּ׳ 6:2, מַטָּעָהּ ע׳ Ez 17:7 i.e. where the vine was planted, עֲרֻגֹת חִמְחָהּ v:10 (all fig.).

† I. עֲרָד n. pr.loc. Can. city in the Negeb, Αραδ (Egypt. ï‘a-ru-dâ WMM: As. u. Eur. 168, 170);—Ju 1:16, מֶלֶח־ע׳ Nu 21:1 (JE) = 33:40, Jos 12:14 (D, Α(ι)ραθ, A LXXL Αδερ); prob. mod. Tel Arad, 16 1/2 miles S. of Hebron; cf. GFM: Ju 1:16 Buhl: Geogr. 182

† II. עֲרָד n.pr.m. Benjamite 1 Ch 8:15, Ωρηρ, A Αρωδ, LXXL Αραδ.

† [עָרָה] vb. be naked, bare (Ar. عَرِيَ be naked; Ph. ערה [Pi.] lay bare (cf. Bloch Lzb); As. ûru, nakedness, also desert waste (cf. [עָרָה] infr.) Jäger:BAS ii. 282 and reff.; NH עֶרְוָה = BH, Targum עִירְיְתָא; Syr. ܥܪܝܽܘܬܳܐ in Lexx);—Pi. Pf. 3 ms. עֵרָה Is 22:6, Zp 2:14; Impf. 3 ms. יְעָרֶהIs 3:17; 3 fs. וַהְּעַר Gn 24:20; 2 ms. juss. תְּעַר Ps 141:8; 3 mpl. וִיעָרוּ 2 Ch 24:11; Imv. mpl. עָ֫רוּ Ps 137:7, 137:7; Inf. abs. עָרוֹת Hb 3:13 (Ges:§ 75 n);—

1. lay bare Is 3:17, 22:6, Zp 2:14 (indef. subj.); of laying foundations bare, i.e. tearing down walls, etc. Hb 3:13 (yet on text v. Now), abs. עָ֫רוּ עָָרוּ Ps 137:7, 137:7.

2. lay bare by removing contents, empty, water-jar Gn 24:20 (J; + אֶל loc.), chest 2 Ch 24:11.

3. pour out, אַל־תְּעַר נַפְּשִׁי Ps 141:8 (i.e. slay). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱרָה : 1. make naked, of sexual offences Lv 20:18, 20:19 (both ‖גִּלָּה). 2. pour out, לַמָּוֶת הֶע׳ נַפְשׁוֹ Is 53:12 (fig. for slay, cf. Qal 3). Niph. pass. of Hiph. 2 : 3 ms. יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ Is 32:15 (fig.) until there be poured upon us a spirit from on high. Hithp. 1. Impf. 2 fs. תִּתְעָרִָי La 4:21 thou shalt make thyself naked (of Edom under fig. of drunken woman). 2. Pt. מִתְעָרֶה Ps 37:35 usu. pouring himself, i.e. spreading himself out like a tree (Bae doubts; Du מִתְעַלֶּה lifting himself up, cf. LXX).

עָרָהע n.f. bare place;—pl. עָרוֹת Is 19:7 (si vera interpr.; > LXX ἄχ(ε)ι, Ki Saad reeds).

עֶרְוָה:54 n.f. nakedness, pudenda;—abs. ע׳ Ex 28:42 Lv 18:6; usu. cstr. עֶרְוַת Gn 9:22 +, sf. עֶרְוָתְְֽ Ex 20:23 (Ginsb), Lv 18:10; עֶרְוָתֵךְ Is 47:3 +; תוֹ- Lv 20:17, תָהּ- 18:7 +; sf. 3 fpl. עֶרְוָתָן v:9, v:10; —

1. pudenda, of man רָאָה ע׳ implying shameful exposure Gn 9:22, 9:23 (J); mostly of woman: fig. of Jerus. (c. רָאָה) La 1:3, Ez 16:37; usu. c. נלה : lit. תִּגָּלֶה ע׳ i.e. be exposed to view Ex 20:23 (Ginsb; van d. H. v:26; E), so, as shameful punishment, fig. of Egypt Is 20:4 (gloss acc. to Du Che Di-Kit), Bab. 47:3, of Jerus. Ez 16:37, 23:10, 23:29 (עֶרְוַת זְנוּנַיִךְ; all three obj. of act. vb.); chiefly euphem. for cohabit., גִּלָּה ע׳ Lv 18:6 + (v. גלה Pi. 1 a; fig. of Jerus. (vb. pass.) Ez 16:36; רָאָה ע׳ in same meaning Lv 20:17, 20:17 (H; of both sexes); ע׳ also 18:8, 18:10, 18:16 (H); כִּסָּה ע׳ cover nakedness Gn 9:23 (J), Ex 28:42 (P; בְּשַׂר ע׳), Ho 2:11 (fig. of Isr.), Ez 16:8 (of Jerus.); reviling words are אִמְֶָּ לְבשֶׁת ע׳ 1 S 20:30 (cf. Doughty: Arab. Deserta i. 269).

2. עֶרְוַת דָּבָר nakedness of a thing, i.e. prob. indecency, improper behaviour Dt 23:15, 24:1 (v. Dr).

3. fig. הָאָרֶץ ע׳ Gn 42:9, 42:12 (E), i.e. its exposed, undefended parts (Ar. عَوْرَةُ).

789

עֶרְיָה :6 n.f. nakedness;—alw. abs. ע׳;—־בּשֶׁתע׳ Mi 1:11 (in) nakedness, (in) shame (fig. of town Shaphir); of Jerus. עֵרֹם וְע׳ Ez 16:7 + 3 t. (v. עֵרֹם sub II. עור); of bow Hb 3:9 (v. II. עור).

† [מַעֲרֶה], מַ֫עַר n.[m.] bare, naked place (hence Μαραθών, Marathon, acc. to Lewy: Fremdw. 144);—

1. bare place, or space: cstr. מִמַּעֲרִה־גָּ֑בַע Ju 20:33 bare (open) space of Geba’ (si vera 1.; but v. II. מַעֲרָב); כְּמַעַר־אִישׁ 1 K 7:36 according to the clear space on each (plate, v. לוּחַ).

2. sf. מַעְרֵח Na 3:5 fig. of Nineveh (pudenda exposed in shameful punishment; cf. עֶרְוָה).

מַעֲרָת n.pr.loc in Judah Jos 15:59, Μαψαρωθ, A LXXL Μα(α)ρωθ.

תַּ֫עַר n.m. :Ps 52:4 and (Is 7:20) f. razor, sheath;—

1. a. razor, abs. יְגַלַּח בְּת׳ Is 7:20 (fig.); subj. of לאֹ יַעֲבֹר עַל־ראֹשׁ Nu 6:5, obj. of הֶעֱבִיר עַל־ 8:7 (P), cf. cstr. הַגַּלָּבִים ת׳ Ez 5:1; abs. מְלֻטָּשׁ כְּת׳ Ps 52:4 (sim. of tongue). b. cstr. הַסֹּפֵר ת׳ Je 36:23 = penknife.

2. sheath, always sf. of sword: בְּתַעְרָהּ 2 S 20:8; of drawing sword, שָׁלַף מִתּ׳ 1 S 17:51, הוֹחִיא מִתּ׳ Ez 21:8, 21:10, תֵּחֵא מִתּ׳ v:9; of sheathing, הֵאָֽסְפִי אֶל־תַּרְעֵךְ Je 47:6; הָשַׁב אֶל־תַּעְרָהּ Ez 21:35.

עָרוֹד n.[m.] wild ass (prob. Aram. loanword ( = Heb. פֶּרֶא), Targum עֲרָדָא, עֲרוֹדָא Syr. ܥܪܳܕܳܐ; Mand. אראדא, cf. Hom: NS 133);—Jb 39:5.

עָרַךְ vb. arrange or set in order (NH id.; also roll dough, Targum עֲרַךְ id.; Ph. ערכת CIS: No. 132:4 valuation, Bloch, but dub.; Ar. عَرَكَ III. contend in battle, مَعْرَكُ, مَعْرَكَةُ battleground);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Jb 32:14, 2 Ch 13:3, וְע׳ consec. Lv 1:12, 6:5; עָרַכְתִּי Nu 23:4 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲרֹךְ Ex 27:21 +, etc.; Imv. עֶרְכָה Jb 33:5, עִרְכוּ Je 46:3, 50:14; Inf. abs. עָרֹךְ Is 21:5; cstr. עֲרְֹ Ju 20:22 +; Pt. act. pl. עֹרְכִים Is 65:11, etc.; pass. עָרוּךְ Je 6:23 +, cstr. עֱרוּךְ Jo 2:5, etc.;—not in D;—

1. a. arrange in order, seven altars Nu 23:4, i.e. I have built seven altars in a row (cf. בנה v:1), flax-stalks Jos 2:6 (both JE); esp. b. set or lay in order, as wood Gn 22:9 (E), 1 K 18:33, cf. Tophet Is 30:33, Lv 1:7; offerings Lv 1:8, 1:12, 6:5; lamp(s) Ex 27:21, Lv 24:3, 24:4 (all P), lamp (fig. of dynasty) Ps 132:17; ‘shew’–bread Ex 40:4, 40:23 (upon [עַל] sacred שֻׁלְחָן both c. acc. cogn.), Lv 24:8 (P). c. in common life (cf. RS: Sem i. 189 f., 2nd ed. 200 f.), arrange a table (i.e. dishes in order upon it), שֻׁלְחָן Is 21:5, Pr 9:2 (fig. of wisdom), Ez 23:41 (of Jerus. in fig.); Ps 23:5, 78:19 (fig.; subj. God); in idolatr. worship Is 65:11. d. arrange a battle, i.e. draw up in battle order, מִלְחָמָה Ju 20:22, 1 S 17:8, 2 S 10:8 = 1 Ch 19:9, 1 Ch 12:37 (van d. H. v:36), 2 Ch 14:9, עֹרְכֵי מִלְחָמָה 1 Ch 12:34, 12:36 (van d. H. v:33, v:35); עֱרוּךְ מ׳ Jo 2:5; + אֵת with, i.e. against Ju 20:20, Gn 14:8, עִם 2 Ch 13:8; + לִקְרַאת 1 S 17:2, 1 Ch 19:17 b; מַעֲרָכָה לִקְרַאת ע׳ 1 S 17:21; לַמִּלְחָמָה עָרוּךְ כְּאִישׁ Je 6:23, 50:42; obj. om. Ju 20:22, 20:23, + לִקְרַאת 1 S 4:2, 2 S 10:9, 10:10 = 1 Ch 19:10, 19:11, 2 S 10:17; + אֶל against Ju 20:30, Je 50:14, 1 Ch 19:17 a, לְ against Je 50:9; —Jb 6:4 read יַעַכְרוּנִי Di Bu Du. e. arrange weapons of army in order for battle Je 46:3, 1 Ch 12:9 (van d. H. v:8). f. arrange words (מִלִּין) Jb 32:14 (אֶל ֔ against), so (obj. om.) 33:5 (לְפָנַי ֔ ), 37:19, Ps 5:4 (prob.; > of arranging a sacrifice); cf. recount things in order, יַעְרְכֶהָ לִי Is 44:7. g. state in order, set forth a legal case Jb 13:18, 23:4, so prob. (obj. om.) of God Ps 50:21 (לְעֵינֶיְ ֔ ), and (pass. of בְּרִית) 2 S 23:5 (cf. Dr).—הֲיַעֲרֹךְ שׁועך Jb 36:19 is difficult: Di will he set thy cry (שַׁוְעְֲ) in order? Bi (for לאֹ) לוֹ הֲיֵעָרֵךְ שׁ׳ shall thy cry be set in order unto him? (sense good, although Niph. not found); v. al. in Di.

2. a. compare (as result of arranging in order): ־לוֹמַה־דְּמוּת תַּע׳ Is 40:18 what likeness will ye compare to him? אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלֶיְ Ps 40:6. b. intrans. be comparable, c. לְ, Ps 89:7 (‖דָּמָה), c. sf. of thing compared Jb 28:17, 28:19.

עֵ֫רֶךְ :33 n.m. :Lv 27:25 order, row, estimate;—cstr. ע׳ Ju 17:10, Ex 40:23; sf. עֶרְכִּי Ps 55:14, עֶרְכְְּ Lv 5:15 +, etc.;—

1. order, row, בְּגָדִים ע׳ Ju 17:10 a (complete) suit of clothes (laid out in order), LXX: B στολὴν ἱμαρίν; לֶחֶם ע׳ Ex 40:23 i.e. loaves arranged in a row, so ע׳ alone v:4 (P); עֶרְכּוֹ Jb 41:4 his symmetry (v. חִין sub חנן).

2. estimate, valuation, made by ordering, classifying: אִישׁ כְּעֶרְכּוֹ 2 K 23:35; in 12:5 read עֵרֶךְ (for MT עוֹנֵּר) money of a man's valuation LXX Benz Kit, and prob. del. כֶּסֶף נַפְשׁוֹת עֶרְכּוֹ (? עֶרֶח נ׳ כ׳ Kit) as gloss (sta:ZAW v (1885), 288 f.); כְּעֶרְכִּי Ps 55:14 a man acc. to my valuation, fig. for my equal; elsewhere P, of priest's valuation of trespass-offering Lv 5:15, 5:18, 5:25, vows, and redemption-money 27:2, 27:3, 27:3, 27:4 + 17 t. 27 (כֶּסֶף עֶרְכְְּ v.15, v:19, מִכְסַת הָעֶרְכְְּ v:23 [del. ךְָ], cf. v:23 b [del. id.]), Nu 18:16.—Jb 28:13 read דַּרְכָּהּ LXX Di al.

790

† [עָרַךְ] vb. denom. Hiph. value (for taxation), tax (from עֵרֶח 2.);—Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֶרִיח אֶת־הָאָרֶץ 2 K 23:35; in P, וְהֶע׳ consec., c. acc. pers. Lv 27:8, 27:12 c.sf. v:14; Impf.. יַעֲרִיח v:14; sf. יַעֲרִיכֶנּוּ v:8.

† [מַעֲרָךְ] n.[m.] arrangement;—pl. cstr. מַעַרְכֵיסּלֵב Pr 16:1 to man belong arrangements (plans) of the mind (cf. לֵב 3).

מַעֲרָכָה n.f. row, rank, battle-line;—

1. a. מ׳ battle-line 1 S 4:2, 4:12, 4:16, 4:16; וַיָּ֫רָץ הַמּ׳ 17:22 and he ran to the battle-line, so v:28 (on ref. here to Isr.'s line of. HPS), לפְרַאת מ׳ מ׳ v:21; עֹדְרֵי מ׳ 1 Ch 12:39 (van d. H. v:38); nearly = battle הַחַיִל הַאיּחֵא אֶל־הַמּ׳ 1 S 17:20. b. pl. ranks = army; cstr. מַעַרְכוֹת יִשׂ׳ 1 S 17:10, 17:45, מַעַרְכֹת יִשׂ׳ v:8; מ׳ אֱלּהִים חַיִּים v:26, v:36; פְּלִשְׁתִּים מ׳ 23:3 and 17:23 Qr, so LXX:A (v. om. B) Valgate Targum; sg. LXXL SyrVer (> Kt מערות).

2. נֵרוֹת הַמַּעֲרָכָה Ex 39:37 lamps of the row, i.e. arranged in a row.

מַּעֲרֶ֫נֶת n.f. row, line;—only of the rows of ‘shew’-bread; abs. מ׳ Lv 24:7, מַעֲרָָכֶת v:6 (P); elsewh. Chr: לֶחֶם הַמּ׳ 1 Ch 9:32, 23:29, Ne 10:34, שֻׁלְחַן הַמּ׳ 2 Ch 29:18, cf. 1 Ch 28:16; cstr. מַעֲרֶכֶת לֶחֶם 2 Ch 13:11 the row of bread, so מ׳ 2:3 the row of continuity, bread continually present in rows; pl. abs. שׁתַּיִם מַעֲרָכוֹת Lv 24:6.

ערל (√ of foll,; meaning dub.; cf. Ar. غُرْلَةُ foreskin; Aram. עוּרְלְתָא, ܠܽܘܬܳܐܥܽܘܕ; NH = BH; also Egypt. karna q a Brugsch:ÄZ 1876, 128 Krall:SB der Wlener Ak., hist.-phil. Cl. cxvi (1888), 659 f.).

עָרְלָה:16 n.f. foreskin;—ע׳ Gn 34:14, Je 9:24; cstr. עָרְלַת Ex 4:25, Dt 10:16, etc.; pl. הָעֲרָלוֹת (not ֳ׳) Jos 5:3 (Kö:ii. 1, 158); cstr. עָרְלוֹת Je 4:4 + 2 t.; עָרְלֽתֵיהֶם 1 S 18:27; —foreskin 1 S 18:25, 18:27, 2 S 3:14, cf. נִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלוֹם Jos 5:3 hill of the foreskins, near Gilgal; of circumcision, כרת ע׳ Ex 4:25 (J), בְּשַׂר ע׳ Gn 17:11 + 5 t. P (v. II. מוּל), אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לוֹ ע׳ Gn 34:14 (P), i.e. one uncircumcised; cf. Je 9:24; fig. of fruit trees, עָרְלָתוֹ Lv 19:23 (P; v. [עָרַל]; fig. of heart, לבב ע׳ Dt 10:16, Je 4:4.

† [עָרַל] vb. denom. count as foreskin, i.e. as uncircumcised;—Qal Pf. 2 mpl., c. acc. cogn. וַעֲרַלְתֶּם עָרְלָתוֹ Lv 19:23 ye shall regard its fruit as uncircumcised, and not eat it (for three years) (> SS remove its foreskin (its fruit), as Vulgate, cf. LXX περικαθαριεῖτε τὴν ἀκαθαπσίαν ά̓τοῦ). Niph. Imv. הֵעָרֵל Hb 2:16 be counted uncircumcised, i.e. be object of mockery; but dub., read probably הֵרָעֵל reel (LXX SyrVer We Now Buhl:Lex).

עָרֵל:35 adj. having foreskin, i.e. uncircumcised;—ע׳ Ex 12:48 + 5 t.; cstr. עֶ֫רֶל Ez 44:9, 44:9; עֲרַל Ex 6:12, 6:30; f. עֲרִלָה Je 6:10; pl. עֲרִלִים Lv 19:23 + 20 t.; cstr. עַרְלֵי Je 9:25 + 2 t.;—uncircumcised person Ex 12:48, Jos 5:7 (P), Philistines Ju 14:3, 15:18, 1 S 14:6, 17:26, 17:36, 31:4, 2 S 1:20, 1 Ch 10:4; of other nations Is 52:1, Je 9:25; esp. as slain Ez 28:10, 31:18, 32:19 + 9 t. 32; in v:27 rd. מֵעוֹלָם so Hi and most (v. on meaning Toy:31, 18); עָרֵל זָכָר uncircumcised male Gn 17:14 (P); בָּשָׂר ע׳ Ez 44:7, 44:9 uncircumcised of flesh; fig. of fruit trees Lv 19:23 (cf. [עָרַל] supr.); שְׂפָתַיִם ע׳ fig. of incapacity to speak Ex 6:12, 6:30; of character, לב ע׳ Je 9:25, Ez 44:7, 44:9, cf. לֵבָבָם הֶעָרֵל Lv 26:41 (P), עֲרֵלָה אָזְנָם Je 6:10 their ear is uncircumcised (unreceptive).

עֵרֹם, עָרֹם, עָרוֹם v.II. עור p. 735 f

† I. [עָרַם] vb. Niph. be heaped up (cf. Sab. אערמחו pl. of [ערם] dam, so Ar. عَرِمُ cf. DHM:ZMG xxx (1876), 676; VOJ i. 25 who cp. BH עֲרִמָה Ar. عَرَمَةُ (which Frä:135 thinks Aram. loan-word), cf. ܥܪܰܡ Pa. heap up; > Wetzst:Zeitschr. für Ethnol. 1873, 279 (Syr. Dreschtafel) who cp. عَرَمَ strip [whence עַרְמוֹן infr.], and thinks עֲרֵמָה = bare heap);- Pf. 3 pl. נֶעֶרְמוּ מַיִם Ex 15:8.

עֲרֵמָה n.f. heap;—abs. ע׳ Ru 3:7; cstr. עֲרֵמַת Hg 2:16, Ct 7:3; pl. עֲרֵמוֹת abs. Ne 13:15 +, cstr. 3:34; abs. עֲרִמִים Je 50:26; —heap of rubbish (עָפָר) Ne 3:34; ע׳ = ruin-heap Je 50:26; = grain-heap (of threshed grain, عَرَمَةُ unthreshed, acc. to Wetzst:l.c.), Hg 2:16, Ne 13:15, Ru 3:7; חִטִּים ע׳ Ct 7:3; of grain and fruit 2 Ch 31:6, 31:6, 31:7, 31:8, 31:9.

II. ערם (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. عَرَمَ strip flesh from bone (to eatit), strip leaves from trees (said of camels); عُرَامُ bark of tree (stripped off)).

עַרְמוֹן n.[m.] plane-tree (as stripped of bark);—ע׳ Gn 30:37 (J); pl. עַרְמֹנִים Ez 31:8.

791

מַעֲרֻמֵּיהֶם 2 Ch 28:15 v. sub II. עור. p. 736

† [עָרֹם Lag:BN 31] vb. be shrewd, crafty (NH id., Hiph.; Ar. عَرَمَ, عَرِمَ, عَرُمَ be ill-natured, cross; Targum adj. עָרִים shrewd, Syr. ܥܪܝܡ id., and vb. in der. spec. (Pe. in Lexx.));—Qal Inf. abs. in עָרֹם יַעְרִם 1 S 23:22 he is exceedingly crafty. Hiph. Impf. be crafty, 3 ms. יַעְרִם 1 S 23:22; be or become shrewd יַעְרִם Pr 15:5, 19:25; all these Qal Impf. in ִ acc. to Ba:ZMG xliii (1889), 180 so Ges:§ 63 n Buhl:Lex, but perh. rd. יֶעְרַם as Qal; true Hiph. in 3 mpl. יַעֲרִימוּ סוֹד Ps 83:4 they make crafty (their) counsel against thy people.

† [עֹ֫רֶם] n.[m.] craftiness;—sf. בְּעָרְמָם Jb 5:13 (possibly from עָרְמָה Ges:§ 91 e al.).

עָרְמָה n.f. craftiness, prudence;—

1. בְע׳ craftily Ex 21:14 (E), Jos 9:4 (JE).

2. ע׳ in Pr, in good sense, prudence Pr 1:4, 8:5, 8:12.

עָרוּם adj. crafty, shrewd, sensible;—

1. crafty, ע׳ as pred., of serpent Gn 3:1; pl. as subst. מַחְשְׁבוֹת עֲרוּמִים Jb 5:12, לְשׁוֹן ע׳ 15:5.

2. in Pr, in good sense (opp. אֱוִיל, כְּסִיל, פֶּתִי); as attrib. אָדָם עָרוּם Pr 12:23 a shrewd or sensible man; ע׳ as subst. = id., v:16, 13:16, so חָכְמַת ע׳ v:8; = prudent man 14:15, 22:3, 27:12; pl. עֲרוּמִים 14:18.

עֵרָן, עֵרָנִי v. sub I. עור. p. 735

ערס (√ of foll.).

† [עֲרִיסָה] n.f. meaning dub., usu. coarse meal; LXX AV RV dough, so Toy (with ?) (NH עַרְסָן barley-meal; Syr. ܐܰܪܣܳܢܳܐ (in Lexx) hulled barley, or (cf. Lag:GGN 1889, 301 f.) wheat); > Sm:Ez Co:Ez kneading-trough (so NH עֲרִיסָה Jastr; appar. secondary, עֲרִיסָה also [bed], cradle, v. ערשׂ);—only רֵאשִׁית עֲרִיסֹתֵיכֶם Ez 44:30, עֲרִיסֹתֵינוּ ר׳ Ne 10:38; עֲרִסֹתֵיכֶם ר׳ Nu 15:20, 15:21 (P).

עַרְעָר, עַרְעֹר, עֲרֹעֵר, עֲרוֹעֵר v. II. ערר. p. 792

I. ערף (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; NH עוֹרֶף = BH; Ar. عُرْفُ mane of horse, also part of neck where hair grows, etc.).

עֹ֫רֶף n.m.:Dt 31:27 back of neck, neck;—ע׳ abs. Jos 7:12 +; cstr. Gn 49:8 +; sf. עָרְפִּי Jb 16:12, עָרְפְְּ Dt 31:27, etc.;—

1. back of neck of fleeing foe וגו׳ יָֽדְְ בְּע׳ Gn 49:8 (poem in J), cf. וְאָחַז בְּעָרְפִּי Jb 16:12 (fig.); Ex 23:27 (E), Ps 18:41 = 2 S 22:41; turn (הָפַח, פָּנָה) one's back before (לִפְנֵי) a foe Jos 7:8, 7:12 (JE), abs. Je 48:39; fig. of apostasy אֶל פָּנָה ע׳ Je 2:27, 32:33 (opp. פָּנָה פָנִים) abs. וַיִּתְּנּוּ ע׳ 2 Ch 29:6; of י׳'s disfavour וְלאֹ פָנִים אֶרְאֵם ע׳ Je 18:17 with the back and not the face will I look at them.

2. fig. in קְשֵׁה־ע׳ stiff of neck, i.e. obstinate, of Isr. Ex 32:8, 33:3, 33:5, 34:9 (all JE), Dt 9:6, 9:13; עָרְפְְּ הַקָּשֶׁה Dt 31:27; with vb. הִקְשָׁה ע׳ i.e. be obstinate, intractable 10:16, Je 7:26, 17:23, 19:15, 2 K 17:14, 17:14, Ne 9:16, 9:17, 9:29, 2 Ch 30:8; cf. גִּיד בַּרְזֶל ע׳ Is 48:4 (‖קָשֶׁה אָָתָּה); הִקְשָׁה ע׳ of individual 2 Ch 36:13, Pr 29:1.

3. of bird: nip its head מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֹ Lv 5:8 (P).

† [עָרַף] vb. denom. break the neck of an animal;—Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. וַעֲרַפְתּוֹ consec. Ex 13:13, 34:20 (JE), 3 pl. וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָה consec. Dt 21:4; Pt. act. עוֹרֵף כֶּלֶב Is 66:3; pass. הָעֶגְלָה הָעֲרוּפָה Dt 21:6; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲרֹף Ho 10:2 fig. of breaking down altars.

עָרְפָּה n.pr.f. sister-in-law of Ruth, Ru 1:4, 1:14, Ορφα.

† II. [עָרַף] vb. drip, drop (cf. Ar. عَرَفَ lade out water with the hand (as with ladle), cf. Ph. ערפת portico (whence rain drips) v. Hoffm:Abh. d. GGW xxxvi, May, 1889, 12 f.; cf. also Ar. غُرْفَةُ upper-room; מערף ענן Ecclus 43:22 the dropping of a cloud, As. irpu, irpitu, cloud(s));—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. שָׁמָיו יַעַרְפוּ־טָָל Dt 33:28 his heavens drop dew; fig., of speech, intrans., יַעֲרֹף כַּמָּטָר לִקְחִי 32:2 let my teaching drop like the rain (‖תִּזַּל כַּטַּל אִמְרָתִי).—Cf. רָעַף.

† [עָרִיף] n.[m.] cloud;—pl. sf. בַּעֲרִיפֶיהָ Is 5:30 (Perles:JQ 1899, 689 prop. בְּעַד יָפְיָהּ, referring sf. to ארץ, and cp. Ps 139:11).

עֲרָפֶל n.m. cloud, heavy cloud (perh. fr. above √ + ל afform.; NH = BH; Syr. ܥܰܪܦܶܠܳܐ; Targum עֲרָפֵילָא; Mand. ארפילא Nö:M 126, 128; on vocaliz. v. Ba:NB 160 and against him Schwally:ZAW x (1890), 178 who prop. עַרְפֶּל);—ע׳ in which God dwells Ex 20:18 (Gi; van d. H. v:21), 1 K 8:12 = 2 Ch 6:1; + עָנָן Dt 4:11 (also חשֶׁח), 5:19, Ps 97:2; Jb 22:13 v. בַּעַד; תַּחַת רַגְלָיו ע׳ 2 S 22:10 = Ps 18:10; as swaddling-bands of sea Jb 38:9; fig. of misery Is 60:2 (‖חשֶׁח); of י׳'s judgment Je 13:16 (‖חַלְמָוֶת), as a past day יוֹם עָנָן וַע׳ Ez 34:12 = (of future day of י׳) Zp 1:15 (‖יוֹם חשֶׁח וַאֲפֵלָה) = Jo 2:2 (‖ id.).

† [עָרַץ] vb. cause to tremble, tremble (in terror, or awe) (cf. Ar. عَرِصَ quiver, flicker; Syr. ܥܪܰܨ come upon suddenly or violently, PS s.v. passim; cf. Egypt. ‘u-ra-ḏ-au(t<~?~>WAITING FOR PRADIS ENTITY TO REPLACE (UNDERCIRCLE) ˜), they terrified (= ערחו) WMM:As. u. Eur. 76);—Qal Impf. 2 ms. תַּעֲרֹץ Dt 7:21 +; 2 fs. תַּעֲרָוֹחִי Is 47:12; 1 S. אֶעֱרוֹץ Jb 31:34, etc.; Inf. cstr. עֲרֹץ Is 2:19 +;—

1. cause to tremble (i.e. strike with awe) c. acc. הָאָרֶץ Is 2:19, 2:21 (subj. י׳; ins. prob. also v:10); הֶעָלֶה נִדָּף תַּע׳ Jb 13:25 wilt thou strike with awe the driven leaf ? abs. cause trembling = inspire awe Is 47:12 (of Bab.), Ps 10:18.

2. intrans. tremble, feel dread (D), Dt 1:29, 7:21, 20:3, 31:6, Jos 1:9; c. acc. Jb 31:34 because I stood in awe of the great multitude. Niph. Pt. אֵל נַעֲרָץ Ps 89:8 El, terrible in the company of the holy ones (‖נוֹרָא). Hiph. 1. regard, or treat, with awe, as awful: 2 mpl. וְלאֹ תַעֲרִָיחוּ Is 8:12 (acc. מוֹרָאוֹ); 3 mpl. יַעֲרִָיחוּ 29:23 acc. אֶת־אֱלֽהֵי יִשׂ׳. 2. inspire with awe (cf. Qal 2);—Pt. sf. הוּא מַעֲרִֽחְכֶם Is 8:13 he shall be your awe-inspirer.

792

† [עָרוּץ] adj. dreadful (prop. Pt. pass.) cstr. בַּעֲרוּץ נְחָלִים Jb 30:6 in the (most) dreadful of ravines.

עָרִיץ adj. awe-inspiring, terror-striking;—ע׳ of י׳, כְּגִבּוֹר עָרִיץ Je 20:11; pl. as subst. עָרִיחִים, in bad sense of formidable adversaries, personal, Je 15:21 (‖רָעִים), Jb 6:23 (‖חָר), and national, Ps 54:5 (‖זָרִים), = עֲדַת ע׳ 86:14 (‖זֵדִים), הֲמוֹן ע׳ Is 29:5 (‖זָרָָיִח); esp. of Chaldeans Is 13:11, cstr. עָרִחֵי גוֹיִם most terrifying of the nations Ez 28:7 (‖זָרִים) 30:11, 31:12 (‖זָרִים), 32:12; so (prob.) sg. עָרִיץ Is 49:25 (rd. ע׳ also for חַדִּיק v:24, so Lo Ew Che Gr al.); without specif. ref. גּוֹיִם עָרִיחִים Is 25:3 awe-inspiring nations (Du Che take ע׳ as subst.), רִוּחַ ע׳ v:4 (del. as gloss Di al.), זְמִיר ע׳ v:5 (del. verse as gloss Du Che); late, of wicked in gen., as ruthless רָאִיתִי רָשָׁע ע׳ Ps 37:35 I have seen a wicked man ruthless; as subst., Is 29:20 (‖לֵץ), Jb 15:20 (‖רשׁע), pl. 27:13 (‖ id.), Pr 11:16; rd. also (ים)עָרִיחִ Is 11:4 (for MT אֶרֶץ), so Che Br:MP Du Gr al. (‖רָשָׁע).

מַעֲרָחָה n.f. awful shock, crash;—Is 10:33, of י׳'s lopping off (tree-)crown (fig.).

† [עָרַק] vb. gnaw (Ar. عَرَقَ id.; Syr. ܥܪܩ Pa.);—Qal Pt. pl. הַעֹרְקִים חִיָּה Jb 30:3 they who gnaw the dry (ground; fig. of scanty subsistence); sf. עֹרְקַי v:17 my gnawing (pains) do not sleep.

עַרְקִי adj. gent. Arḳite, inhabitant of city ï Arḳa (As. Arḳa COT:Gloss. Dl:Pa 282, TelAm. Irḳat(a), Egypt. Arḳantu, cf. As. n.gent. Irḳanatai COT:Gloss, Ency. Bib.:i. 310);—only הָע׳ as n.coll. Gn 10:17, τὸν ̓ Αρουκαῖον, = 1 Ch 1:15, A id., LXXL τὸν Αρακει: mod. ï‘ Arḳa, near Mediterranean, c. 60 miles N. of Beirut (cf. Ency. Bib.:l. c.).

I. ערר (√ of foll.; on this [and not עור] v. Nö:ZMG xxxii (1878), 404 Lag:Symm. ii. 91 f.; cf. Palm. מערתא sepulchre).

מְעָרָה:40 n.f. cave;—abs. מ׳ Gn 19:30 +; cstr. מְעָרַת 23:19 +; pl. מְעָרוֹת Ju 6:2 +, cstr. id. Is 2:19; —cave, esp. as place of sojourn or refuge Gn 19:30 (J), 1 S 24:3, 24:3, 24:7, 24:8, 24:10 (Ginsb; v:4, v:8, v:9, v:11 van d. H. Bear), 1 K 19:1, 19:13, Ez 33:27, Jos 10:16 (בַמַּקֵּדָה מ׳) + 7 t. Jos 10, Ju 6:2, 1 S 13:6, 1 K 18:4, 18:13, cf. Ps 57:1, 142:1; מְעָרוֹת חֻרִים Is 2:19, hence פָּרִחִים מ׳ Je 7:11 robbers' cave; Is 32:14 den (of wild beasts);—עֲדֻלָּם מ׳ 1 S 22:1, 2 S 23:13, whence in ‖ 1 Ch 11:15, rd. prob. מְחֻדַת ע׳ or מְחָדַת We, cf. Dr, Bu Kit HPS;—as burial place, הַמַּכְפֵּלָה מ׳ Gn 23:9 + (v. מַכְפֵּלָה) = מ׳ alone 23:11, 23:17, 23:20, 49:29, 49:32 (all P). אֲשֶׁר לַצִּידֹנִים מ׳ Jos 13:4 (D), cave-region in Lebanon E. of Sidon, mod. Mughâr Ǧezzîn, acc. to most, but dub.; perhaps, rather, near Tyre Buhl:MDPV 1895, 55.

† II. [עָרַר] vb. strip oneself (‖ form of ערה, II. עור);—Qal Imv. עֹ֫רָה Is 32:11 (‖פְּשֹׁ֫טָה; acc. to Ges:§ 110 k Hi De al. ms. with fpl. subj.; acc. to Ew:§ 226 a Du Di al. fpl., shortened from ערנה etc.). Pōï‘. Pf. 3 pl. עוֹרְרוּ אַרְמְנוֹתֶיהָ Is 23:13 they have laid bare (the foundations of) her palaces, i.e. destroyed them; so Pilp. Inf. abs. + Hithpalp. Impf. 3 fs. עַרְעֵר תִּתְעַרְעַר Je 51:58 be laid utterly bare, cf. ערה Pi. 1.

עֲרִירִי adj. stripped, specif. childless;—ע׳ Gn 15:2 (JE), Je 22:30; pl. עֲרִירִים Lv 20:20, 20:21 (H).

עַרְעָר adj. stripped, destitute;—הָע׳ as subst. Ps 102:18 the prayer of the destitute.—Je 17:6 v. עֲרוֹעֵר. below

† I. עֲרוֹעֵר n.[m.] prob. a tree or bush; juniper ? (Ar. عَرْعَرُ juniper (or cypress ? v. Lane), so Tristr:NHB 358 Rob:BR ii. 124; on format. v. Lag:BN 162 Ba:NB 160);—עֲרוֹעֵר בַּמִּדְבָּר Je 48:6, + 17:6, where rd. prob. עֲרֹעֵר בָּעֲרָבָה (for MT עַרְעָר; > Gf al. conversely, rd. עַרְעָר 48:6).

† II. עֲרֹעֵר:10, עֲרוֹעֵר:5, עַרְעֹר:1 n.pr.loc. Αροηρ, MI:26 ערער;—

1. city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr., עֲרֹעֵר Nu 32:34 (JE), Dt 2:36, 3:12, 4:48, Jos 12:2 (D) 2 K 10:33, 1 Ch 5:8; עֲרוֹעֵר Jos 13:9 (D), v:16 (P), 2 S 24:5; Moabitish Je 48:19 (cf. MI:26); once עַרְעֹר Ju 11:26; mod. ï‘ Arï‘âir Buhl Geogr. 269, Tristr:Moab 129 ff.

2. city near Rabbah in Ammon, עֲרֹעֵר Ju 11:33, עֲרוֹ׳ Jos 13:25 (P), site unknown.

3. city in S. Judah, עֲרֹעֵר 1 S 30:28 (LXX Αροηρ + Αμμαδει, latter orig. acc. to We, indicating form ערערה; LXXL Παγουηλ); + Jos 15:22 rdg. ע׳ (or עַרְעָרָה) for MT עַדְעָרָה, LXX:B Αρουηλ, We:1 S 30:28 (cf. Dr HPS), Di:ad loc. Benn Steuern; poss. ï‘ Arï‘âra c. 9 miles S. of E. from Beersheba, but cf. Buhl:Geogr. 183.—Is 17:2 rd. עָרֶיהָ עֲדֵי עַד LXX Lo Lag:Sem. i. 30 Che Buhl:Lex al. (for MT עָרֵי עֲרֹעֵר).—Vid. also Che:Ency. Bib. 317.

793

עֲרֹעֵרִי adj. gent. of foreg.; הָע׳ 1 Ch 11:44.

ערשׂ (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. عَرْشُ booth, shed, throne, عَرِيشُ grape-trellis, woman's (camel-) saddle; Eth. 9ara3: booth (? also 9ar4t: bed); As. irsûu, bed, couch; NH עֲרִיסָה cradle, Targum עַרְסָא, Syr. ܥܰܪܣܳܐ, Palm. ערשא; the common idea is appar. that of a wooden structure, frame, cf. Nö:ZMG xi (1886), 737).

עֶ֫רֶשׂ n.f.:Jb 7:13 couch, divan;—cstr. ע׳ Dt 3:11 +; abs. עָָרֶשׂ Am 3:12; sf. עַרְשִׂי Jb 7:13 +, etc.; pl. sf. עַרְשׂוֹתָם Am 6:4; —couch, divan, Am 3:12, 6:4 (‖מִטּוֹת), + 2 S 17:28 (rd. עַרְשׂת מִשְׁכָּב Klo Ne:Marg. 18 HPS, cf. LXX); for lying at night Jb 7:13, Ps 6:7 (‖מִטָּה), Pr 7:16, עֶרֶשׂ יְחוּעָָי Ps 132:3 the coach of (consisting in) my bed; couch of sickness Ps 41:4; marriage couch Ct 1:16; perhaps transf. to sarcophagus, as last couch עַרְשׂוֹ עֶרֶשׂ בַּרְזֶל Dt 3:11 (v. Dr).

ערשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

יַעֲרֶשְׁיָה n.pr.m. Benjamite 1 Ch 8:27, Ιασαραια, A Ιαρασια, LXXL Ιερσια.

עשׂב (√ of foll.; mng. dub.; cf. As. ešêbu [bear fruit], II. I, causat. (Dl:Pr 87), išbu, perh. = H; Ar. عَشِبَ is be dry, but عُشْبُ fresh, juicy herbage; NH = BH, cf. Targum עִסְבָּא, Syr. ܥܶܣܒܳܐ, Palm. עשביא).

עֵ֫שֶׂב n.m.:Gn 1:11 herb, herbage;—ע׳ abs. Dt 11:15 +; cstr. Gn 2:5 +; sf. עֶשְׂבָּם Is 42:15; pl. cstr. עִשְּׂבוֹת (d. f. dirim.) Pr 27:25; —herb, herbage, in oldest use oft. gen. (therefore incl. grass [דֶּשֶׁא]): הַשָּׂדֶה ע׳ Ex 9:22 (E), Gn 2:5 (+ שִׂיחַ) Ex 9:25 (+ עֵץ), 10:15 (+ id; all J) Am 7:2, so הָאָרֶץ ע׳ Ex 10:12 (E), + פְּרִי הָעֵץ v:15 (J), whence Ps 105:35; appar. gen. also in הארץ ע׳ Jb 5:25, Ps 72:16, ע׳ alone 92:8; כָּל־הַשָּׂדֶה ע׳ Je 12:14, ע׳ alone Dt 32:2 (‖דֶּשֶׁא), Is 42:15, Ps 102:5, 102:12, and Dt 29:22, Mi 5:6, Pr 19:12; hence ע׳ as food for cattle Dt 11:15, Ps 106:20 cf. Je 14:6, Zc 10:1; עִשְּׂבוֹת הָרִים Pr 27:25 (‖דֶּשֶׁא, חָחִיר); but as human food (hence excluding דֶּשֶׁא) הַשָּׂדֶה ע׳ Gn 3:18 (J); esp. P Gn 1:29 (+ עֶץ), יֶרֶק ע׳ v:30, 9:3, hence ע׳ Ps 104:14 (‖חָחִיר for cattle); ע׳ disting. fr. דֶּשֶׁא, עֵץ also Gn 1:11, 1:12, שָׂדֶה ע׳ + דֶּשֶׁא, חָחִיר 2 K 19:26 + Is 37:27.

I. עָשָׂה:2622 vb. do, make (NH = BH; MI:23, MI:26 עשתי, l.:3, l.:9 ואעש, l.:24 Imv. עשו; OH n.pr. עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו; not Aram., and not certainly found in S. Sem. lang.; on Sab. v. esp. DHM:SB Berl. Ak. 1886, 849);—Qal:2524 Pf. 3 ms. Gn 3:1 +, sf. עָשָׂהוּ Ho 8:6 +; 3 fs. עָֽשְׂתָה Dt 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת consec. Lv 25:21; 2 ms. עָשִׂיתָ Gn 3:14 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲשֶׂה Gn 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 K 16:25 + 3 t., וַיַּעַשׂ Is 5:2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה Is 64:3, 2 ms. תַּעֲשֶׂה 1 S 10:8, תַּעֲשֵׂה Gn 26:29, Jos 7:9, juss. (c. אַל) תַּעַשׂ Gn 22:12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה 2 S 13:12, Je 40:16 Qr (Kt תַּעַשׂ); 1 S. אֶעֱשֶׂה Gn 2:18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה Ez 20:14, Dn 8:27, וָאַעַשׂ Dt 10:3 + 4 t. Ez; etc.; Imv. ms. עֲשֵׂה Ju 10:15 +; fs. עֲשִׂי Je 6:26 +, etc.; Inf. abs. עָשׂה 44:17 +; עָשׂוֹ 7:5 + 2 t. (4:18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ); cstr. עֲשׂוֹת Gn 2:4 +, עֲשׂה 50:20 + 2 t., עֲשׂוֹ 31:28, sf. עֲשׂתוֹ 41:32 +, עֲשׂהוּEx 18:18, etc.; Pt. act. עשֶֹׁה Is 5:5 +, sf. הָעשֹׁוֹ Jb 40:19 (but v. infr.); pl. עשִֹׁים Gn 24:49 +; sf. עשָָֹׁי Jb 35:10 (yet v. Ges:§ 124 k), etc.; pass. עָשׂוּי Ex 3:16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ Jb 41:25 (Ges:§ 75 k); f. עֲשׂוּיָה Ez 21:20 +, etc.;—I. 1. do (1560 + t.): a. (1) c. acc. act. Gn 3:14 (J) 20:10 (E) + oft.; do right in eyes of י׳ 2 K 12:3, 14:13 +, evil 8:18, 8:27 + (cf. I. עַיִן 3 c); do God's commands, statutes, etc., Dt 16:12, 30:8, Nu 15:39 (P); חַיִל ע׳ 1 S 14:48 + do might, i.e. mightily, valiantly; Pr 31:39 do efficiency, i.e. efficiently; = commit (offence) Lv 20:13 (H), Dt 20:18; sq. מִן part., וְעָשָׂה מֵאַחַת מֵהֵנָּה Lv 4:2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; v. מִן 3 b (d)), cf. וְעָשׂוּ אַחַת מִכָּל־מִחְוֹת י׳ v:13, v:22, 5:17 (all P); do = perform a work, c. acc. cogn. מַעֲשֶׂה Ex 18:20, 23:12 (E), also (י׳ subj.) Dt 11:7, Dn 9:14, Ec 3:11; c. acc. מְלָאכָה Gn 2:2, 2:2 (J), Ex 20:9, 20:10 = Dt 9:13 (10 Words); c. acc. דְּרָכֶיְIs 58:13; מְלוּכָה עַל ע׳ 1 K 21:7 = exercise sovereignty over; of י׳ performing signs (אֹתֹת) Jos 24:17 (E), Nu 14:11, 14:22 (JE), Dt 11:3, so Moses Ex 4:17 and (מֹפְתִים) v:21. (2) do something to one (ל pers.) Gn 20:9 (E), Ju 9:56 +; c. עַל reflex. Je 26:19 do evil against ourselves; esp. י׳ subj., c. לְ, do good to Ex 18:9 (E), 2 K 8:66, or evil Gn 42:28 (E); in phr. so may God do to me, etc. 1 S 3:17, 2 K 6:31 + (v. יסף Hiph. 1.). (3) do something for one (ל pers.) Gn 30:31, 1 K 11:8 +, dir. obj. om. 1 S 20:4; + ל rei Ju 21:7, 21:16 what shall we do for them, for wives ? c. עַל pers. Ne 5:19; c. dat. eth. (ל) 1 S 10:7; c. לְ, of י׳ doing kindness for 1 S 22:3; executing vengeance for Ju 11:36 (+ מִן of enemy); י׳ doing a sign (אוֹת) for † Ju 6:17 (elsewhere נָתַן אוֹת לְ), cf. עֲשֵׂה־עִמִּי אוֹת לְטוֹבָה Ps 86:17. (4) do something (in relation or intercourse) wilth (אֵת pers.), י׳ subj. Dt 1:30 all that he did with you, 10:21 (cf. Ps 86:17 supr.), human subj. 2 Ch 24:24 (obj. שְׁפָטִים), Ru 2:11. (5) seldom c. ב, usu. of executing judgment upon 1 S 28:18, Is 48:14, more gen. Est 1:15 what shall we do with the queen ? also, subj. י׳, Ez 25:11, 28:26, Ps 149:7, 149:9, Nu 33:4 (on false gods); in good sense, חֲסָדִים בּ׳ ע׳ Ne 13:14. (6) of י׳ doing the justice (מִשְׁפַּט) of any one, i.e. maintaining his cause 1 K 8:45, 8:49, Ps 9:5. (7) c. adv. do thus, כֹּה, Jos 6:14 (JE), acc. to, כְּ Gn 6:22 (P), 18:21 (J), 1 K 2:6; acc. as, כַּאֲשֶׁר Gn 27:19 (J); Ex 1:17 (E) +; c. בְּ of manner, Ju 9:16 a, Ez 8:18, 25:15. b. work for (ל rei) Gn 30:30 (J); c. ל pers. 1 S 14:6, Ez 29:20 (for י׳); work in (ב) gold or other material 1 K 7:14, 2 Ch 2:6, 2:13, Ex 31:4, 31:5, 35:32 (all P); c. בָּהּ (i.e. בָּעֲבֹדָה) Ex 5:9 (J) in toil; work with (עִם) God 1 S 14:45, so prob. of God's working with (אֵת) Moses and Aaron 1 S 12:6 (usu. appoint); c. אֵת with (of pers. in whose company, in whose field Ru 2:19, 2:19 (gleaning); work בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ Pr 31:13; without prep. Ex 36:1, Ne 3:28. 2. deal with, c. עִם, 2 Ch 2:2, Dn 1:13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר acc. as); c. אֵת, Ez 20:44, Ps 109:21; Ez 22:14, Zp 3:19 (perh.; Gr Now ins. כָּלָה, v. II 1 g), + כְּ Je 21:2, + בְּ of manner Ez 23:25, 23:29; c. לְ pers. + בְּ 25:12; c. בְּ pers., Je 18:23, Dn 11:7, + כְּ acc. to Ne 9:24, Est 3:11. 3. oft. in phr., do kindness (חֶסֶד) with: c. עִם (עִמָּדִ) Gn 19:19, 24:12, 12:14 (J), Ju 1:24, 8:35, 1 S 15:6, 2 S 2:5, 10:2 = 1 Ch 19:2 +; c. עַל, 1 S 20:8 (but rd. עִם Vrss We Dr al.); abs., Ps 109:16; obj. חֶסֶד + אֱמֶת, c. עִם, Jos 2:14 (JE) Ju 9:19, 2 S 2:6; c. אֵת with, Gn 24:49, 32:11, 47:29 (all J); c. לְ, Ex 20:6 = Dt 5:10, 2 S 22:51 = Ps 18:51; so טוֹב ע׳, c. עִם, Gn 26:29 (J), cf. Ju 8:35, 9:16; c. אֵת with, 1 S 24:19, 2 S 2:6. 4. abs. act, act with effect, esp. of י׳, 1 K 8:32, 8:39, Je 14:7, Ez 20:9, 20:14, 20:22, Ps 22:32, 37:5, 52:11, Dn 9:19; of men 2 Ch 31:21, Dn 8:12, 8:24, 11:28, 11:30, 11:32; c. ל pers. Ez 31:11. II. 1. make (670 + t.): a. c. obj. concr., ark Gn 8:6, altar 13:4, idols Ju 18:24, 18:31 +, etc. b. oft. of God's making (creating) Gn 3:1 (J), 1:7, 1:16, 1:25 (P), Ne 9:6, Jb 9:9, Pr 8:26, 2 Ch 2:11, Ps 95:5 +; making man Ps 100:3, 119:73 (made by God's hands), in the womb Jb 31:15, 31:15; making, constituting, nation Dt 26:19, 32:6, 32:15; pt. sf. עשֵֹׁהוּ his Maker Is 17:7, Pr 14:31, 17:5 (הָעשֹׁוֹ Jb 40:19 is improb., most rd. הֶעָשָׂוּי, with various interpr. of foll. words); עשְֶֹׁ Is 51:13, עשֵֹׁנִי Jb 32:23 (Ginsb; v:22 van d. H. Baer), עשֵֹׁנוּ Ps 95:6; so appar. pt. pl. עשָָֹׁי Jb 35:10, עשַֹׁיִךְ Is 54:5 (Ges:§ 124 k expl. as sg.). c. make something, c. לְ reflex., make for thee Ex 20:4, Dt 9:12, 10:1 +, for (ל) another 1 S 2:19, 2 S 7:11, 1 K 2:24 +; obj. מִשְׁתֶּה banquet Gn 40:20, Est 5:4, also (no ל) Gn 29:22 (E) Ju 14:10, Est 5:5, 5:12 and (fig., י׳ subj.) Is 25:6; c. ל rei, Dt 22:8; c. ל of animal Gn 33:17 (J). d. make a name (שֵׁם) for oneself (ל) 2 S 7:9, 1 Ch 17:8, also (no ל) 2 S 8:13; a new heart for oneself (ל) Ez 18:31. e. make war with (אֶת) Gn 14:2, Jos 11:18 (D); c. עִם, Dt 20:12, 20:20, 1 Ch 5:10, 5:19; abs. 1 Ch 22:8; c. ל reflex. Pr 24:6; pt. עשֵֹׁה מִלְחָמָה 2 Ch 11:1, 26:11, 26:13; make peace, c. ל pers. Jos 9:15 (J); אִתִּי בְרָכָה ע׳ 2 K 18:31 make an agreement with me. f. c. ב, פֶּרֶץ בּ׳ ע׳ Ju 21:15 י׳ brought a catastrophe upon (cf. פרץ). g. c. 2 acc., make something out of (acc. mater.) Ex 25:18, 28:13, 37:17, 37:24, Ct 3:10, Dt 10:3 +; make something into something (Ges:§ 117 ii) Ho 8:4, Gn 27:9, Ju 17:4, Nu 11:8, 17:3, Ps 104:4; make something כָּלָה, i. e. utterly destroy it Na 1:8, Zp 1:18, Ez 20:17, Ne 9:31; c. pt. pass. as 2nd acc. Ex 38:7 they made it נְבוּב לֻחֹת hollow with boards, 39:9; but also c. acc. + לְ, Ho 2:10 gold they made into (ל) the Baal, Ju 8:27, Ex 27:3 (P), Dt 9:14, Je 37:15, Ez 4:9, Is 44:17, 44:19; make something for (ל pers.), + מִן of material Ct 3:9. 2. produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Ho 8:7, 8:7, vineyard, grapes Is 5:2, 5:2, 5:4, 5:4, 5:10, tree, fruit 2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31, Ho 9:16, Je 12:2, 17:8, Ez 17:23 (all fig.), Gn 1:11, 1:12 (P); branches Jb 14:9 and (fig.) Ez 17:8; land, fruit Lv 25:21 cf. Hb 3:17, abs. Gn 41:47; of seed Is 5:10, vine, shoots Ez 17:6 (fig.); of cows, yielding milk Is 7:22; hippop. producing fat Jb 15:27. 3. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food, Gn 18:7, 18:8, Ju 6:19, 13:5, 1 S 25:18 (pass.), 2 S 12:4, 12:4, Gn 27:14, 27:17, 27:31, 2 S 13:5, 13:7, 1 K 17:12, Ex 12:39 (+ ל reflex.); a bullock for sacrifice (v. infr.) 1 K 18:23, 18:25, 18:26; כְּלֵי גוֹלָה Ez 12:3 (+ ל reflex.); a chamber Ne 13:7; prepare to build (+ ל pers. and inf.). 4. make offering, e.g. עוֹלָה Ju 13:16, Je 33:18, Lv 16:24, עוֹלָה וָזֶבַח 2 K 5:17 (+ ל dei), הַחַטָּאת Lv 14:19, אִשֶּׁה Nu 15:3, 15:14, various offerings 1 K 8:64, Lv 9:22, Ez 45:17, 46:2 +; + לי׳ to י׳ Lv 17:9 +; also c. acc. of thing sacrificed (perh. orig. prepare or provide, v. supr.) Ez 43:25, 43:25, 46:15, Lv 14:30, 15:15, 15:30, 16:9, Nu 6:11, 6:17, Ps 66:15 (+ ל dei) +; abs. = offer sacrifice Ex 10:25 (E + לי׳), to (ל) heathen gods 2 K 17:32. 5. attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) Dt 21:12; wash (feet) 2 S 19:25; trim (beard) v:25 (cf. Fr. faire la barbe, Ger. die Haare machen). 6. observe, celebrate, religious festival, e.g. passover Ex 12:48, Nu 9:4, 9:6, 9:13, Jos 5:10, also (+ לי׳) Ex 12:48, Nu 9:10, 9:14 (all P), Dt 16:1 +; sabbath Ex 31:16, Dt 5:15; feast of weeks 16:10, booths 16:13, Purim Est 9:21, 9:27, etc. 7. acquire property of various kinds (cf. ‘ make money ’) Gn 12:5, 31:5 (J), Is 15:7, Je 17:11, 48:36, Dt 8:18, Ez 22:18, 28:4, 28:4, 38:12, 2 Ch 32:29, Ec 2:8 ; + ל reflex. Dt 8:17, 2 S 15:1, 1 K 1:5; of fruits from vineyards, etc. Ps 107:37. 8. appoint priests 1 K 12:31, 13:33, 2 Ch 2:17 (all + מִן source), a feast 1 K 12:32, 12:33 (+ ל pers.); ordain a sacrifice Nu 28:6, a festal day Ps 118:24; institute, אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִי ghost and familiar spirit 2 K 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6 (cf. Dr:Dt 18, 11). 9. bring about, of י׳'s effecting a deliverance Ex 14:13 (לָכֶם), 1 S 11:13, 2 S 23:10 (ins. also ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 Dr), v:12; cause, sq. cl. c. שֶׁ Ec 3:14. 10. use, לִמְלַאכְתּוֹ וְע׳ 1 S 8:16; pass. Ex 38:24. 11. spend, pass, days of life Ec 6:12. Niph.:97 Pf. 3 ms. נַעֲשָׂה Ju 16:11 +; 3 fs. נֶעֶשְׂתָה 2 S 17:23 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָשֶׂה Gn 29:26 +, 3 fs. c. ו subord. וְתֵעָשׂ Est 5:6, 7:2, 9:12 (Ges:§ 109 f.), etc.; Inf. cstr. הֵעָשׂוֹת Est 9:1; 9:14, etc., Pt. נַעֲשֶׂה Ne 5:18, etc.;—

1. be done (pass. of Qal I 1): a. subj. מְלָאכָה Ju 16:11 (c. ב instr.), Ne 6:16 (c. מֵאֵת אֱלֽהִים ), v:9, Ex 12:16 + 4 t.; subj. om. Ez 44:14, indef. Est 4:1; c. כֵּן 9:14; be done, כַּתּוֹרָה Ezr 10:3; be committed, of offence, Dt 13:15, Nu 15:24, Ec 4:1 + 3 t.; c. neg. not (yet) done, i.e. future Is 46:10; be accomplished, performed, fulfilled Ez not found12:35, not found12:38, Dn 11:36, Est 5:5, 7:2, 9:12; be executed, carried out, of sentence Ec 8:11, decree Est 9:1; be followed, of counsel 2 S 17:28; nearly = occur Ec 1:9, 1:9, 1:13, 9:3, 9:6, subj. מַעֲשֶׂה 1:14, 2:17, 4:3, 8:9, 8:17, subj. הֶבֶל v:14, עִנְיָן v:15. b. Impf. c. neg., is (are) not done, not acc. to usage, of flagrant offences Gn 20:9 (E), 29:26 (c. כֵּן), 34:7 (both J), 2 S 13:12 (כֵּן); hence (P) not to be done, forbidden by י׳ Lv 4:2, 4:13, 4:22, 4:27, 5:17. c. be done to, c. ל of animal 1 S 11:7 (כֹּה); ל pers. Ex 2:4 (E) 21:31 (E; כַּמִּשְׁפָּט), Is 3:11, Je 5:13 (כֹּה), Lv 24:19 (H; כֵּן), Nu 15:34 (P) + 8 t.; be done for, ל pers. Ju 11:37, Est 6:3, עִם pers. v:3; ל rei Nu 15:11 (כָּכָה). d. be done upon, against (ב) Dn 9:12. †

2. (pass. of Qal II): a. be made, of conr. things 1 K 10:20 = 2 Ch 9:19 (throne), Je 3:16 (ark), 2 K 12:14, Ez 43:18, Ex 25:31, Nu 4:36 (P); c. acc. mat; Lv. 2:7. b. be produced from (מִן) vine Nu 6:4. c. be prepared, of food Ex 12:16, Lv 6:14, 7:9 (all P), Ne 5:18, 5:18. d. be offered, מִנְחָה Lv 2:8, 2:11, kid Nu 28:15, 28:24. e. be observed, passover 2 K 24:22, not found24:23 (ל dei) = 2 Ch 35:18, 35:19; Purim Est 9:28. f. be used Lv 7:24 (P), + ל rei 13:51 (P) Ez 15:5, 15:5. † Pu. Pf. 1 S. עֻשֵּׂיתִי Ps 139:15 I was made.

795

עֲשָׂהאֵל:18 n.pr.m. Ασαηλ, LXXL Ασσαηλ (on this and foll. cf. אֶלְעָשָׂה);—

1. brother of Joab and Abishai 2 S 2:18, 2:18 + 7 t. 2, + 3:27, 3:30, 23:24, 1 Ch 2:16, 11:26, 27:7.

2. Levites: a. 2 Ch 17:8 (Ιασειηλ, Ασιηλ). b. 31:13.

3. post-exil. name Ezr 10:15.

עֲשִׂיאֵל n.pr.m. Simeonite 1 Ch 4:35, Ασιηλ.

עֲשָׂיָה n.pr.m. Ασαιας, etc.; LXXL in Kgs. Αζαριας;—

1. servant of Josiah 2 K 22:12, 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:20.

2. Simeonite 1 Ch 4:36.

3. Levites: a. 6:15, 15:6, 15:11. b. 9:5.

יעשׂו(ו) Kt, יַעֲשָָׂי (וְ) Qr, n.pr.m. one with foreign wife Ezr 10:37, LXX καὶ ἐποίησαν.

יַעֲשִׂיאֵל n.pr.m. 1. hero of David 1 Ch 11:47, (Ι)εσσιηλ. 2. Benjamite ruler 27:21, Ασειηρ, LXXL Ιασσιηλ.

מַעֲשֶׂה:233 n.m.:Gn 20:9 deed, work;—abs. מ׳ Gn 44:15 +, cstr. מַעֲשֵׂה Is 5:12 +; sf. מַעֲשֵׂהוּ Ju 13:12 +, etc.; pl. מַעֲשִׂים Gn 20:9 +; cstr. מַעֲשֵׂי Je 1:16 +; sf. מַעֲשָׂיו 1 S 19:4 (or sg., so Dr) +, etc.;—oft. acc. cogn. c. עשׂה;—

1. a. (1) deed, thing done by man Nu 16:28 (JE), 1 K 13:11, Is 26:12; —1 S 20:19 is obscure; (2) implic. evil Gn 44:15 (J), Ex 23:24 (E), Ne 6:14 + 8 t., + sg. coll. doing(s) Mi 6:16, Lv 18:3, 18:3 (H), 2 Ch 17:4, יְדֵיהֶם מ׳ La 3:64, Hg 2:14, Jb 33:17 (rdg. מִמַּעֲשֵׂהוּ LXX Di Siegf Bu), Ez 16:30 (behaviour); explic. מַעֲשֵׂינוּ הָרָעִים Ezr 9:13 cf. Ec 4:3, 8:11, 8:14, מַעֲשֵׂי־אָוֶן Is 59:6; specif. of idolatr. practices, יְדֵיכֶם מ׳ sg. Dt 31:29, Je 25:6, 25:7, 32:30, pl. 44:8, cf. sg. 1 K 16:7, 2 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 34:25; (3) implic. right, praiseworthy 1 S 19:4, 2 K 23:19, Jon 3:10, Pr 31:31; of duty in gen. אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשׂוּן הַמּ׳ Ex 18:20 (E) = what they are to do; explic. Ec 4:4, 8:14; (4) as basis of judgment (good or bad) Is 66:18, Ps 33:15, 62:13, Ec 12:14, יְדֵיהֶם מ׳ Je 25:14. b. (1) work, labour, husbandry Ex 23:16 (E), Gn 5:29 (J), Ju 19:16, יְדֵיכֶם מ׳ Hg 2:17; enforced labour of Isr. in Egypt Ex 5:5, 5:13 (J); in gen. 23:12 (E); also of product of labour 23:16, cf. Is 65:22, Ec 5:5; שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַמּ׳ Ez 46:1 the six working-days; of religious work, עֲבֹדַת בֵּית הָא׳ מ׳ 1 Ch 23:28, cf. מ׳ 2 Ch 31:21 (2) business, pursuit, Gn 46:33, 47:3 (J), Ju 13:12, 1 S 25:2, Is 54:16; in gen., occupation Is 29:15, Ec 2:4, 2:11, 3:17, 3:22, 8:9, 9:7, 9:10; (3) undertaking, enterprise Is 19:14, 19:15, Dt 15:10; יָדְֶָ מ׳ Dt 2:7 + 5 t. Dt, 2 Ch 32:30, Jb 1:10, Ps 28:4, יָדֵינוּ מ׳ Ps 90:17, 90:17. (4) achievement Je 48:7, Est 10:2; (5) in weakened sense, מַעֲשֶׂיְ Pr 16:3 thine affairs; nearly = occurrences Ec 1:14 (pl.), 2:17, 8:17 (sg.). c. deed(s), work(s) of י׳, esp. in deliverance and in judgment, Ju 2:7, 2:10, Jos 24:31 (D), Ps 33:4 + 21 t., + יָדָיו מ׳ etc. Is 5:12, Ps 28:5, 92:5 + 4 t.; הָאֱלֽהִים מ׳ in gen. Ec 7:13, 8:17, 11:5 cf. 3:11.

2. a. (1) work, thing made, by man, אֹפֶה מ׳ Gn 40:17 (E) baker's work; יְדֵי יוֹחֵר מ׳ La 4:2; oft. of furnishings of tabern., חשֵׁב מ׳ Ex 26:1 + 7 t., רֹקֵם מ׳ 26:36 + 5 t., אֹרֵג מ׳ 28:32 + 2 t., חָרָשׁ מ׳ 28:11, cf. יְדֵי אָמָּן מ׳ Ct 7:2; of holy oil, etc, רֹקֵחַ מ׳ Ex 30:25 + 2 t. (ins. רֹקֵחַ perh. also 2 Ch 16:14); hence מ׳ = work of art Is 3:24 (of coiffure), cf. כְּלִי מ׳ Nu 31:51; sq. n. of material, pattern, etc., עִזִּים מ׳ v:20 (i.e. goats&atO;’ hair), v. also Ex 27:4, 28:14 +; in temple, שְׂבָכָה מ׳ 1 K 7:17, מ׳ שׁוּשַׁן v:19, etc.; חַעֲחֻעִים מ׳ 2 Ch 3:10, cf. הַחֲבִתִּים מ׳ 1 Ch 9:31 the work of (consisting in) bread-wafers; = materials of (prepared for) הָעוֹלָה 2 Ch 4:6; in theoph. לִבְנַת הַסַּפִּיר מ׳ Ex 24:10 (J); מ׳ of ships 2 Ch 20:37; in gen. Is 29:16; Ez 27:16, 27:18 = thy manufactures, wares; מַעֲשַׂי Ps 45:2 = my verses (ποίημα, poem); (2) workmanship Ez 1:16, 1:16 (v:16 a del. Co Toy) 1 K 7:8, Ex 28:8 + 11 t.; (3) יְדֵי אָדָם מ׳ of idols (contemptuously) Dt 4:28, 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19 = 2 Ch 32:19, Ps 115:4, 135:15, cf. Is 2:8 (יָדָיו מ׳), Ho 14:4, Mi 5:12, Je 1:16; so (יְדֵי) מ׳ חָרָשׁ Dt 27:15, Je 10:3, 10:9 cf. Ho 13:2; חֲכָמִים מ׳ Je 10:9; תַּעְתֻּעִים מ׳ v:15, 51:18; appar. also מַעֲשֵׂהֶם Is 41:29 cf. 57:12, Ez 6:6; יָדָיו מ׳ of altars Is 17:8. b. work (made by) God Ex 32:16 (E); esp. (poet. and late), of created things, Ps 103:22, 104:24 + 4 t. Psalm; אֶחְבְּעֹתֶיְ מ׳ 8:4, יָרֶיְ מ׳ 102:26 (both of heavens), cf. 19:2 (heavenly bodies), 8:7 (animals); of man Jb 14:15, 34:19, cf. לָדַעַת כָּל־אַנְשֵׁי מַעֲשֵׂהוּ 37:7 (but rd. prob. אנשׁים Vulgate Ol Di al.); of nation Is 19:25, 60:21, 64:7; of weights Pr 16:11 (but rd. perh. הַמֶּלֶךְ) for י׳ Gr Toy). c. product of olive-tree, זַיִת מ׳ Hb 3:17; fig. product of righteousness Is 32:17.

796

מַעֲשֵׂיָהוּ, יָה-, מַעֲשַׂי n.pr.m. (work of י׳; cf. n. pr. מעשיהו on Isr. seal, Cl-Gann, v. Lzb:315);—Μα(α)σσαια(ς), etc., LXX:B Ezr 10:21 Μασαηλ:—

1. priest, Je.'s time, מַעֲשֵׂיָה Je 21:1, 29:25, 37:3; perh. 35:4 (יָהוּ-).

2. 29:21. מַעֲשֵׂיָהוּ

3. Levites: a. 1 Ch 15:18, 15:20. b. 2 Ch 23:1.

4. officials: a. 26:11. b. 34:8.

5. sons of Ahaz 28:7.

6. Levite 1 Ch 6:25 rdg. מַעֲשֵׂיָה for MT בַּעֲשֵׂיָה q. v., cf. Kit. מַעֲשֵׂיָה of various post-exil. men:

7. Ne 3:23 (Μαδασηλ, A Μαασιου).

8. a. 8:4, 8:7. b. 10:26. c. 11:5. d. v:7. e. 12:41. f. v:42.

9. a. Ezr 10:18. b. v:21 Μασαηλ, Μασειας). c. v:22. d. v:30.

10. מַעֲשַׂי (van d. H. מַעְשַׂי) Μα(α)σαι(α), a priest 1 Ch 9:12.

† II. [עָשָׂה] vb. Pi press, squeeze (NH עִשָּׂה Pi. compel; Targum עַסִּי Pa. crush, gnash (teeth); cf. Ar. غَشِيَ compress a woman);—Pf. 3 pl. עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ez 23:3, 23:8 (unchaste act); Inf. cstr. דַּדַּיִךְ…בַּעֲשׂוֹת v:21 rd. Pi. בְּעַשּׂוֹת (Ew Co Toy, al.).

עֵשָׂו:97 n.pr.m. Esau, Ησαυ;—Esau, elder son of Isaac Gn 25:25, 25:26 + 7 t. 25, 26:34, 27:1 + 24 t. 27, 28, 32:4 + 15 t. 32, 33, 35, Jos 24:4, 24:4, Mal 1:2, 1:3, 1 Ch 1:34; identif. with אֱדוֹם Gn 36:1, 36:8, 36:19, ancestor of Edomites v:9; v:43, cf. 1 Ch 1:35; dwelling in Mt. Seir Gn 36:8 (25 t. in all, Gn 36) Dt 2:5, Jos 24:4; בְּנֵי עֵשָׂו = Edomites Dt 2:4, 2:8, 2:12, 2:22, 2:29; עֵשָׂו = Edom Je 49:8, Ob:6, בֵּית עֵשָׂו v:18, v:18, הַר עֵשָׂו v:18, v:9, v:19, v:21.

† [עָשַׂק] vb. Hithp. contend (perh. orig. cling to (in strife), cf. Ar. عَشِقَ cling with love (Lag:BN 143); Syr. ܥܣܰܩ, Ethpa. be difficult (i.e. indignant, hostile); NH עָסַק, Targum עֲסַק, busy oneself, NH עֵסֶק business, occupation);—Pf. 3 pl. הִתְעַשְּׂקוּ עִמּוֹ Gn 26:20 they contended with him.

עֵ֫שֶׂק n.pr.font. in SW. Pal. Gn 26:20 (expl. as contention);—locality unknown, LXX ̓Αδικία.

עשׂר (√ of foll.; appar. gather, unite, cf. Ar. عَشِيرُ kinsman, عَشِيرَةُ tribe, مَعْشَرُ assembly; hence ten = collection, union).

עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה:176 n.m. and f. ten (NH = BH; perh. MI:33 עשרַ; Ph. עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Ar. عَشْرَ, عَشَرَةُ; Sab. עשר Sab Denkm:No. 11 b, l. 5, 6, עשרת and cpds. Hom:Chrest. 48; Eth. 9a3ru: 9a3artu:; As. esûertu; Targum עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syr. ܥܣܰܪ, ; Nab. עשר, all = ten;; Palm. עשרתא the Ten (rulers));—m. (c. n.f.) עֶ֫שֶׂר 2 S 15:16 + 53 t. (abs. and cstr. usu. indistinguishable); עָָשֶׁר 1 K 7:43, 1 Ch 6:46; f. (c. n.m.): abs. עֲשָׂרָה Gn 24:10 + 69 t.; cstr. (prob.) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת 1 S 17:18 + 46 t.; f.pl. עֲשָׂרֹת Ex 18:21 + 2 t.;—on pl. עֶשְׂרִים, 20, v. infr.;—†

1. a ten, only f.pl. tens in phr. שָׂרֵי ע׳ captains of tens Ex 18:21, 18:25 (E), Dt 1:15.

2. ten, enumerating pers. or things, usually without other num.: a. עֶ֫שֶׂר bef. n.f.pl., Gn 45:23 + 43 t. after n. † 1 K 7:27, 7:43 + late passages Jos 15:57, 21:5, 21:26 (all P), 1 Ch 6:46, 2 Ch 4:7; bef. בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits1 K 6:3, 6:25, 6:26, 7:23, 7:24. b. עֲשָׂרָה bef. n.m.pl., Gn 45:23 + 25 t. (incl. אֲלָפִים ע׳ = 10,000 2 S 18:3, 2 K 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); bef. n.coll. בָּקָר 1 K 5:3, רֶכֶב 2 K 13:7; also לֶחֶם הַוֶּה ע׳ 1 S 17:17 these ten loaves, cf. 1 K 14:3; אֶלֶף ע׳ Ez 45:1 rd. עֶשְׂרִיס א׳ LXX Hi Co Berthol Toy; after n.m.pl. † Gn 32:16, 32:16, 43:3 (all E), Jos 17:5 (JE), Nu 29:23 (P), 1 K 7:43, 2 Ch 4:6, 4:8, Dn 1:12, 1:14, 1:15 †; after n.coll. חאֹן 2 Ch 30:24; n. om., sc. men, † Gn 18:32 (J) Am 5:3, Ezr 8:4; sc. shekels (weight) Gn 24:22 (J) Nu 7:14 + 13 t. Nu 7 (זָהָב ע׳); כֶסֶף ע׳ (sc. shekels, value) 2 S 18:11; sc. measures (of grain) Hg 2:16; c. art. the ten Gn 18:23 (J; sc.men), Ne 11:1 (id. = every ten); as pred. Ex 27:12, 27:12 = 38:12, 38:12 (all P) †. c. עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת bef. n.m.pl. Ex 34:28 + 18 t., + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים 1 S 25:38 (on art. cf. Weir in Dr, but dub.; prob. om., so LXX We Bu), + אֲלָפִים ע׳ = 10,000 Ju 1:4 + 26 t.; n. om. כֶּסֶף ע׳ (sc. shekels) Ju 17:10. †

3. rarely + other num.: a. עֶשֶׂר after larger num., מֵאָה שָׁנִים וָע׳ Gn 50:22, 50:26, Jos 24:29 (all E), Ju 2:8. b. ע׳ before larger num. עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Gn 5:14 (P). c. עֲשָׂרָה after larger num., מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezr 8:12, cf. (n. preceding) 1:10. d. עֲשָׂרָה after smaller num., הַכָָּסֶף שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה Je 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller num. + n. sg. עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ez 45:12, but rd. חֲמִשִּׁים joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, LXX:A Hi Co al.

797

עָשָׂר:203, עֶשְׂרֵה:144 n. ten, only after units to make num. 11–19, both cardinal and ordinal; עֶשְׂרֵה c. n.f., עָשָׂר c. n.m., thus:

1. eleven: a. אַחַד עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Gn 32:23 + 2 t. b. אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) 2 K 23:36 + 7 t.; also = eleventh 1 K 6:38, 2 K 9:29. c. עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Nu 29:20; ord. Dt. 1:3 + 7 t. d. עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) Ex 26:7 + 4 t.; ord. Je 1:3 + 4 t.

2. twelve: a. עָשָׂר (ם)שְׁנֵי (c. n.m.) Gn 35:22 + 80 t. ord. 1 K 19:19 + 12 t. b. עֶשְׂרֵה (ם)שְׁתֵּי (c. n.f.) Ex 24:4 + 31 t.; ord. 2 K 8:25 + 6 t.

3. thirteen: a. שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Nu 29:14 + 2 t.; ord. Est 3:12 + 7 t. b. שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) 1 K 7:1 + 9 t.; ord. Gn 14:4 + 2 t.

4. fourteen: a. אַרְכָּעָה עָשָׂר Gn 46:22 + 13 t.; ord. Ex 12:6 + 17 t. b. אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה Gn 31:41 + 5 t.; ord. 2 K 18:13 + 3 t.

5. fifteen: a. חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר Ho 3:2 + 3 t.; ord. Ex 16:1 + 14 t. † b. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר Ju 8:10, 2 S 19:18. c. חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה 2 K 14:17 + 9 t.; ord. † 2 K 14:23, 2 Ch 15:10.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 2 d. 6. sixteen: a. שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר Ex 26:25 + 6 t.; ord. 1 Ch 24:14 + 2 t. b. שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה Gn 46:18 + 13 t. 7. seventeen: a. שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר 1 Ch 7:11 + 2 t.; ord. Gn 7:11 + 3 t. b. שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה Gn 37:2 + 4 t.; ord. 1 K 22:52, 2 K 16:1.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 3 d. 8. eighteen: a. עָשָׂר (שְׂמֹנַת)שְׁמֹנָה Gn 14:4 + 10 t.; ord. † 1 Ch 24:15, 25:25. b. שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה Ju 3:14 + 6 t.; ord. 1 K 15:1 + 8 t. † 9. nineteen: a. תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר 2 S 2:30; ord. 1 Ch 24:16, 25:26. b. תְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵה Gn 11:25, Jos 19:38; ord. 2 K 25:8 = Je 52:12. These num. usually take sg. of the nouns most often used, שָׁנָה, יוֹם, חֹדֶשׁ, cf. (sts.) אִישׁ, אַמָּךְ, etc.; otherwise pl.; rarely (late usage) they follow noun, which is then usu. pl., e.g. Nu 29:30, Jos 15:51 (P), Ezr 8:35, 8:35, Est 3:13, 8:5, etc. (even שָׁנִים שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Na 5:14), but שָׁנָה precedes ordinal 1 K 6:38, שְׁנַת 15:1 + 8 t., so יוֹם (c. ord.) 2 Ch 29:17 + 5 t. Est 9; also יוֹם and שָׁנָה (שְׁנַת) both precede and foll. ordinal Nu 7:72, 7:78, 2 K 8:25, 9:29, 14:23, 16:1, Je 32:1, 2 K 25:8 = Je 52:12.—Vid. also Kö:ii. 1. 211 ff. Da:Synt. § 37 a, also R. 1, 2. Ges:§§ 92 d, e, 134, and esp. Herner:Synt. d. Zahlwörter im AT (1893); on form in הֵ (prob for יַ), Ol:§ 110 Kö:ii. 1, 427 W:SG 138.

† [עָשַׂר] vb. denom. take the tenth of, tithe;—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעְשׂר 1 S 8:15, 8:17 (c. acc. of thing tithed). Pi. Impf. + Inf. abs. give a tenth of, c. acc. rei: 2 ms. עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר Dt 14:22; 1 S עַשֵּׂר אֲעַשְּׂרֶנּוּ לָָח Gn 28:22 (P); Pt. taking the tenth, הַמְעַשְּׂרִים Ne 10:38. Hiph. (so usu. expl.) Inf. לַעְשֵׂר Dt 26:12 c. acc. cogn. i.e. taking, reckoning, tithe, but Inf. cstr. with ֵ improb., < rd. לְעַשֵּׂר Pi.; בַּעְשֵׂר Ne 10:39 abs., i.e. receiving tithes, but read prob. בַּעְשׂר Qal (on anom. points, see Ges:§ 53 k Dr:Dt 26, 12).

עָשׂוֹר, and (Ex 12:3) עָשׂר n.[m.] a ten, decade;—

1. usu. of days: a. a period of ten days Gn 24:55 (J). b. in phr., לַחֹדֶשׁ (עָשׂר)בֶּעָשׂוֹר on the tenth of the month Lv 25:9 (H), Ez 20:1, 24:1, 40:1, Ex 12:3, Lv 16:29, 23:27, Nu 29:7, Jos 4:19 (all P), 2 K 25:1 = Je 52:4, Je 52:12 (seventh day in ‖ 2 K 25:8).

2. of strings of instr.: נֵבֶל ע׳ harp, a ten (-stringed one) Ps 33:2, 144:9; ע׳ alone Ps 92:4 upon a ten (-stringed instrument).

עֶשְׂרִים:315 n.pl.indecl. (a) twenty (ancient pl. of עֶשֶׂר Prä:BAS i. 376; NH = BH; Ar. عِشْرُونَ; As. ešrâ; Sab. עשרי Hom:Chrest. 48; Eth. 9sr4: Aram. עשרין, ܥܶܣܪܺܝܢ; Nab. עשרין);—I. as cardinal:

1. without other num.: a. usu. sq. n.s. (esp. שָׁנָה, אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.) Gn 31:38, 1 S 14:14, Ex 38:18 + 64 t., + עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף 20,000 1 Ch 18:4 + 7 t. + Ez 45:1 (rdg. עֶשְׂרִים אָָלֶף, v. עֶשֶׂר 2 b). b. sq. n.pl. 2 S 3:20, Ex 36:23, 36:24, 36:25 + 4 t. † c. sq. n.s. coll. 1 K 5:3. d. n.pl. precedes Gn 32:15, 32:15, 32:16, 2 Ch 3:3 + 6 t. e. n. om. Gn 18:31, 18:31 (הָע׳), 1 K 6:2 + 6 t., as pred. Ex 27:10, 27:10, 27:11, 27:11 + 4 t. † f. + בָּאַמָּה Zc 5:12.

2. + other num.: a. c. units, usu. 20 + (c. וְ) unit + n.s. Ju 10:2, 10:3, 1 K 14:20 + 58 t. (incl. 20 + 1 * 1000, etc., 27 t.); n. om. Jos 15:32 + 2 t. pred.; less oft. unit + 20 + n.s. Gn 11:24, Ex 38:24, Nu 8:24 (all P) + 27 t.; unit + 20 + בָּאַמָּה Ez 40:21, Ex 26:2, 36:9 (both P). b. 20 + unit + n.pl. Nu 7:8, 7:8 (P), 1 Ch 2:22 + 3 t. Chr. † c. n.pl. + 20 + unit Jos 19:30, 19:30, 1 Ch 12:29 (van d. H. v:28). d. c. hundreds, 20 usu. foll.; sq. n.s. 1 K 9:14, Gn 6:3, Dt 31:2 + 7 t.; n. om. 2 Ch 3:4, Ezr 2:32 = Ne 7:35; 20 + 100 (n. om.) Nu 7:86. e. n.pl. + 100 + 20 1 Ch 15:5, 15:6;—cf. further מֵאָה. II. as ordinal: 1. 20 alone, בִּשְׁנַת ע׳ in the twentieth year 1 K 15:9 + 4 t.; n. om. Nu 10:11 + 3 t. 2. a. 20 + unit + ns. Ez 29:17, 40:1. b. ns. + 20 + unit Hg 1:15, 2 Ch 7:10 +; ns. + unit + 20 Ex 12:8; בִּשְׁנַת + 20 + unit 1 K 16:10, etc.—Vid. reff. sub עֶשֶׂר.

798

עֲשִׂירִי:20 m., עֲשִׂירִיָּה, and עֲשִׂירִית:8 f. adj. num. ord. tenth;—

1. דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי Dt 23:3, 23:4; בַּיּוֹם הָע׳ Nu 7:66 (P); הַחֹדֶשׁ הָע׳ Gn 8:5 (P) Ez 24:1 + 5 t.; בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂרִי Je 39:1; ח׳ om. הָעֲשִׂירִי Gn 8:5 (P), בָּעֲשִׂרִי Ez 29:1, 33:21; other nouns om. הָעֲשִׂירִי 1 Ch 12:13, 25:17, 27:13, הָעֲשִׂרִי 24:11; בַּשָּׁנָה הָעֲשִׂרִית Ez 29:1, הָעֲשִׂרִית בַּשּׁ׳ Je 32:1.

2. as subst. a tenth part: f. abs. עֲשִׂרִיָּה Is 6:13 ; f. cstr. עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה Nu 28:5, עֲשִׂרִית Ex 16:36, עֲשִׂירִת Lv 5:11, 6:13, Nu 5:15; עֲשִׂירִת הַחֹמֶר Ez 45:11; m. abs. הָעֲשִׂירִי Lv 27:32 the tithe (i.e. of cattle, etc.).

עִשָּׂרוֹן:33 n.m.:Lv 14:10 tenth part (of ephah; cf. LXX δέκατον τοῦ οἰφί Nu 15:4, and עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה 28:5; i.e = עֹמֶר, v. further Benz:Arch. 182 Now:Arch. i. 203);—abs;—ע׳ Lv 14:21 +, עִשָּׂרֹן Ex 29:40, Nu 28:13; pl. עֶשְׂרֹנִים Nu 28:9 +;—only P (H), as measure of סֹלֶת used in meal-offering Ex 29:40, Lv 14:10 + 3 t. Lv (H only 23:17); Nu 15:4 + 26 t. Nu, incl. distributive ן עִשָּׂרוֹן (וֹ)עִשָּׂר 28:13 + 4 t.

מַעֲשֵׂר n.m.:Nu 18:28 tenth part, tithe;—abs. מ׳ Nu 18:26 +; cstr. מַעְשַׂר Lv 27:30 +, מַעֲשַׂר Ne 10:39 (bef. הַמַּעֲשֵׂר); sf. מַעַשְׂרוֹ Lv 27:31; pl. abs. מַעַשְׂרוֹת Ne 12:44; sf. מַעְשְׂרֹתֵידֶם Am 4:4 + 3 t.;—

1. tenth part of ḥomer Ez 45:11, of bath v:14.

2. tithe, payment of tenth part: c. מִן rei Gn 14:20, Nu 18:26; usu. cstr. bef. n. rei Dt 12:17, 14:23, 14:28, 26:12, Lv 27:30, 27:32, 2 Ch 31:5, 31:6, 31:6, Ne 10:38, 10:39, 13:5, 13:12; abs. Nu 18:21, 18:26, 18:26, Mal 3:8, 3:10, 2 Ch 31:12, Ne 10:39, 12:44; שְׁנַת הַמּ׳ Dt 26:12 the year of the tithe (i.e. of tithing); c. genit. pers. paying tithe Am 4:4, Dt 12:6, 12:11, Lv 27:31, Nu 18:24, 18:28.—Cf. RS:Sem.i. 228 ff.; 2nd ed. 245 ff.; Proph. Lect. ii. N. Now:Arch. i. 313; ii. 257 f. Benz:Arch. 309, 460 f. Dr:Dt. 168 ff.

I. עָשׁ Jb 9:9 prob. error for עישׁ, v. עַ֫יִשׁ p. 747.

II. עָשׁ v. עשׁשׁ. p. 799.

עַשְׁוָ֑ת n.pr.m. in Asher 1 Ch 7:33, Ασειθ, Ασουαθ.

עשׁן (√ of foll.; cf. Ar. عَشَنَ ascend, Lag:BN 51 (plausibly); v. عُشَانُ, عَشَنَ smoke; also Syr. ܬܶܢܳܢܳܐ (Nö:§ 116), ܬܢܳܢܳܐ, from √ * ܥܬܢ acc. to Hoffm:LCB 1882, 320; vb. denom. in Ar. NH).

† I. עָשָׁן n.m.:Ex 19:16 smoke;—abs. ע׳ Ju 20:38 +, cstr. עֲשַׁן Jos 8:20, 8:21, עֶ֫שֶׁן Ex 19:18; sf. עֲשָׁנוֹ Ex 19:18, עֲשָׁנָהּ Is 34:10; —

1. a. of burning city Jos 8:20, 8:21, Ju 20:38, 20:40, cf. Na 2:14; heralding a foe Is 14:31. b. in fig. of destruction of Isr. Is 9:17, Edom 34:10. c. sim. of dust-cloud Ct 3:6; of transitoriness Ho 13:3, Is 51:6, Ps 37:20 (rdg. כֶּע׳, as LXX SyrVer Vulgate), 68:3, 102:4; sim. of the unpleasant, Pr 10:26. d. breath of crocodile Jb 41:12.

2. a. attending theoph., תַּנּוּר ע׳ Gn 15:17; of mt. Ex 19:18, cf. sim. הַכִּבְשָׁן כְּע׳ v:18; Is 6:4, also 4:5, Jo 3:3. b. of God's anger, בְּאַפּוֹ ע׳ 2 S 22:9 = Ps 18:9; so prob. also Is 65:5.

עָשַׁן vb. denom. smoke, be wroth;—Qal 1. a. smoke, Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ of mt. Ex 19:18, so Impf. 3 mpl. יֶעֱשָָׁנוּ (at touch of י׳) Ps 104:32 144:5. b. fig., 3 ms. יֶעְשַׁן אַף־י׳, c. ב against, Dt 20:19, Ps 74:1. Hence 2. subj. pers., fume, i.e.be wroth, Pf. 2 ms. עָשַׁנְתָּ בּ׳ Ps 80:5.

עָשֵׁן adj. smoking ;—ע׳ of mt. Ex 20:18 (Gi v:15); pl. הָאוּדִים הָעֲשֵׁנִים Is 7:4 the smoking firebrands (dying out; in fig.).

† II. עָשָׁן n.pr.loc. in Shephelah of Judah Jos 15:42, in Simeon acc. to 19:7, 1 Ch 4:32, Levit. city 6:44; Ασαν, etc.; = בּוֹר עָשָׁן, q. v. p. 92 supr.

עָשַׁק vb. oppress, wrong extort (Targum עֲשַׁק = BH, so OAram. עשק; Syr. ܥܫܰܩ accuse, slander; As. adj. esûḳu, strong; Ar. عَشَقَ roughness, injustice);—Qal Pf. ע׳ Lv 5:21, Ez 18:18; 2 ms. sf. עֲשַׁקְתָּ֫נוּ 1 S 12:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַעַשׁקֻנִי Ps 119:122; 2 ms. תַּעֲשֹׁק Lv 19:13 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. עֲשֹׁק Ho 12:8, sf. עָשְׁקָם 1 Ch 16:21, Ps 105:14; Pt. act. עשֵׁק Pr 14:31 +, fpl. הָעשְׁקוֹת Am 4:1, etc.; pass. עָשׁוּק Dt 28:29 +, etc.;—

1. oppress, wrong (oft. by extortion, ‖גָּזַל), c. acc. pers. 1 S 12:3, 12:4, Mi 2:2, Lv 5:21, 19:13; esp. the poor and helpless Am 4:1, Dt 24:14, Je 7:6, Ez 22:29, Zc 7:10, Pr 14:31, 22:16, 28:3, Ec 4:1; also c. acc. cogn. גָזַל גָּזֵל(וְ)עשֶׁק ע׳ Ez 18:18 practise extortion, 22:29, take by extortion Lv 5:23 and (c. acc. rei) Mal 3:5; abs. Ho 12:8 practise extortion; Jb 10:3 deal tyrannically (of God); pt. oppressor, extortioner Je 21:12, Ps 72:4, Ec 4:1; pt. pass. as subst. the oppressed Ps 103:6, 146:7.

2. oppress a nation Is 52:4, cf. Ps 105:14 = 1 Ch 16:21, Ps 119:122, pt. act. oppressor v:121, pt. pass. oppressed Je 50:33, in predict. וְגָזוּל ע׳ Dt 28:29, וְרָצּוּץ ע׳ v:23, Ho 5:11.

3. dub. are: יַעְשֹׁק נָהָר Jb 40:23 a river oppresses him, i.e. rushes violently upon him (sc. the hippopot.; Du יָשֹׁק, fr. שׁוּק; > Gunk Bu יִשְׁקַע falls, sinks); עָשֻׁק בְּדַם נֶפֶשׁ Pr 28:17 oppressed (? burdened) with the blood of a person. Pu. Pt. f. הַמְּעֻשָּׁקָה Is 23:12 crushed (of conquered Sidon under fig. of woman).

799

ע֫שֶׁק n.m. Ec 7:7 oppression, extortion;—ע׳ abs. Je 6:6 +, cstr. Ps 119:134, Ec 5:7; —

1. Je 6:6, 22:17, Ez 22:7, 22:12, Ps 73:8; c. genit. subj. 119:134, obj. Ec 5:7; as acc. cogn. c. עָשַׁק (q. v.) Ez 18:18, 22:29.

2. national oppression, Is 54:14.

3. concr., gain of extortion. Ps 62:11, so perh. Ec 7:7; as acc. cogn. Lv 5:23 (‖גָּזֵל).—Is 30:12, 59:13 rd. עִקֵּשׁ Lag Gr al.

עֵ֫שֶׁק n.pr.m. Benjamite 1 Ch 8:39, Ασηλ, Ασεκ.

עָשְׁקָה n.f. oppression, distress;—עָֽשְׁקָה־ לִי Is 38:14 [cf. Ges:§ § 9v, 48 i) oppression to me ! = I am oppressed, distressed.

עָשׁוֹק n.[m.] oppressor, extortioner;—Je 22:3 (= עשֵׁק 21:12).

עֲשׁוּקִים n.pl.abstr. oppression, extortion ;—ע׳ Am 3:9, Jb 35:9, עֲשֻׁקִים Ec 4:1.

† [מַעֲשַׁקָּה] n.f. extortionate act;—pl. abs. רַב מַעֲשַׁקּוֹת Pr 28:16 great in extortions; בֶּחַע מ׳ Is 33:15 gain of extortions.

† [עָשַׁר] vb. be or become rich (NH in der. spec., and deriv.; Aram. עֲתַר, ܥܬܰܪ; cf. Ar. غَشَرَ abound with herbage, غَشْرَةُ abundance, of herbage, goods, etc.);—Qal Pf. 1 s. עָשַׁרְתִּי Ho 12:9 I have become rich; Impf. 3 ms. יֶעְשַׁר Jb 15:29 he shall not be rich.—1 K 22:49 rd. עָשָׂה Hiph. 1. make rich, c. acc. pers.: Pf. 1 s. הֶעֱשַׁרְתִּי Gn 14:23; 2 fs. הֶעֱשַׁרְתְּ Ez 27:33 (of personif. Tyre; + בְּרֹב הוֹנַיִח) ; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַעְשְׁרֶנּוּ (Ges § 61 g),+ acc. cogn. עשֶׁר; 2 ms. sf. רַבַּת תַּעְשְׁרֶנָּהּ Ps 65:10 thou dost greatly enrich it (the land); obj. om. 3 fs. תַּעֲשִׁיר Pr 10:22, so Pt. מַעֲשִׁיר 1 S 2:7 י׳ maketh rich (opp. מוֹרִישׁ). 2. gain riches, abs.: Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲשִׁר Ps 49:17, יַעֲשִׁיר Pr 21:7, Dn 11:2 (+ acc. cogn. עשֶׁר) ; 3 fs. תַּעֲשִׁיר Pr 10:4; 1 s. וָאַעֲשִׁר Zc 11:5(Gi Kt ; van d. H. Baer וַאעֲשִׁר); 3 mpl. וַיַּעֲשִׁירוּ Je 5:27; Inf. cstr. לְהַעֲשִׁיר Pr 23:4, 28:20. Hithp. Pt. מִתְעַשֵּׁר Pr 13:7 one enriching himself.

ע֫שֶׁר:37 n.m.:1 S 17:25 riches;—ע׳ abs. Gn 31:6 + 27 t. cstr. Est 1:4; sf. עָשְׁרוֹ Je 9:22 + 5 t., עָשְׁרָם Ps 49:7, Pr 14:24; + (or ‖) כָּבוֹד 1 K 3:13, Pr 3:16 + 9 t.; עָשָׂה ע׳ Je 17:11, cf. Eng. ‘ make money. ’

עָשִׁיר:23 adj. et n. rich;—abs. ע׳ Ex 30:15 + 19 t.; pl. abs. עֲשִׁירִים Ec 10:6; cstr. עֲשִׁירֵי Ps 45:13; sf. עֲשִׁירֶיהָ Mi 6:12; —adj. m. 2 S 12:1, 12:4 (opp. רָאשׁ), Ru 3:10 (opp. רַּל); usu. n.m. the rich, opp. רַּל, Pr 10:15 + 3 t.; opp. רָשׁ 2 S 12:2, Pr 14:20 + 4 t.; opp. אֶבְיוֹן Ps 49:3; alone Je 9:22, Mi 6:12 + 5 t., + עֲשִׁירֵי עָם Ps 45:13; ע׳ Is 53:9 is prob. crpt., cf. ‖רְשָׁעִים; Bö Ry Di-Kit עשֵֹׁי רַע; Krochm Gr Che:Hpt conj. רְשָׁעִים for ע׳ and פּשְׁעִים for ר׳.

† [עָשֵׁשׁ] vb. waste away (cf. As. ašašu, moth; Ar. عُشُّ moth(-worm), عَشَّ eat (of moth ; ? denom.); acc. to De:Ps 6:8 al. עָשֵׁשׁ is denom. from עָשׁ, prop. be moth-eaten, but improb.) ;—Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽשְׁשָׁה מִכַּעַם עֵינִי Ps 6:8 my eye is wasted from grief, = 31:10 (בְּכַעַס; + נַפְשִׁי, בִּטְנִי; 3 pl. עֲחָמַי עָשֵׁ֫שׁוּ v:11.

† II. עָשׁ n.m. Is 50:9 moth (as waster, consumer);—ע׳ abs., Ho 5:12 (‖רָקָכ), Is 50:9, 51:8; in sim. Ps 39:12; כְּבֶגֶד אֲכָלוֹ עָשׁ Jb 13:28; symbol of fragility Jb 4:19.—27:10 read prob. עַכָּבִישׁ q. v.

† I. [עָשַׁת] vb. smooth or shiny (?), si vera 1. (cf. עֶשֶׁת);—only Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְנוּ עָֽשְׁתוּ Je 5:28 (fig.) they have grown fat, they are smooth (or shine, from fat); doubtful word, Thes conj. עָֽשְׁרוּ have grown rich (cf. LXX SyrVer Targum), so Gie (but וַיַּעֲשִׁירוּ precedes, v:27).

עֶ֫שֶׁת n.[m.] plate (as smooth, shiny ? NH id., lump or bar of metal);—cstr. שֵׁן ע׳ Ct 5:14 a plate of ivory (Löw in Buhl:Lex Bu).

עָשׁוֹת adj. smooth ?—only בַּרְוֶל ע׳ Ez 27:19 as merchandise of Tyre; Co עָשׁוּת, i.e. pt. pass., from √ עשׁת forge, or walk skilfully; Toy iron skilfilly wrought; all dubious.

† II. [עָשַׁת] vb. Hithp. think (Aramaism: BAram. Pt. עֲשִׁית, Targum אִתְעַשַּׁת);—Hithp. Impf. 3 ms. לָנוּ יִתְעַשֵּׁת א׳ Jon 1:6 perhaps God will give a thought to us (cf. חשׁב Ps 40:18).

עַשְׁתּוּת (van d. H. וֹת-) n.f. thought;—cstr. שַׁאֲנָ֑ן ע׳ Jb 12:5 (וֹת- would be pl., fr. …עֶ֫שֶׁת).

† [עֶשְׁתֹּנָה] n.f. id. (Aram.: SyrVer עֶשְׁתּוֹנִין; cstr. עשׁתוני Ecclus 3:24);—pl. sf. אָֽבְדוּ עֶשְׁתֹּנֹתָיו Ps 146:4.

עַשְׁתֵּי:19 n. num. one (As. išten, one; išten ešrit, eleven; Dl:§ 75, TelAm. [iš-]tit, first time; v. Gie ZAW i (1881), 226 Ges:§ 97 e Kö:ii. l, 212 and reff.);—only + עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה (q. v.) = eleven, eleventh, Je 1:3, 39:2 = 52:5 = 2 K 25:2, Ez 26:1, 40:49, Zc 1:7, Ex 26:7, 26:8, 36:14, 36:15, Nu 7:72, 29:20 (all P), Dt 1:3, 1 Ch 12:13, 24:12, 25:18, 27:14.

800

עַשְׁתֹּ֫רֶת n.pr.deae. ï‘Aštōreth, < ï‘Aštārt, ï‘Aštêreth (v. infr.) (MI:17 עשתר כמש; Ph. עשתרת (+ oft. in n.pr.), n.pr. עבד עשתר Cook:Acad. Jan.18, 1896 Sab. n. pr. dei עתַתר v. esp. Os:ZMG xx (1866), 279 f. DHM:ib. xxxvii (1883), 376 Fell:Sab. Gotternamen, ZMG liv (1900), 231 ff., esp. 237 ff.; As Isûtar; OAram. Palm. עתר (= עתַתר) in n. pr.; in Egypt. ï‘astirati WMM:As. u. Eur. 313; Gk. ï‘ Αστάρτη; on their Gk. equivalents (e.g. ï Αφροδίτη) cf. Lewy:Fremdw. 148, 186 f, 250);—ֶֹ prob. artificial, to suggest בּשֶׁת, orig. תַּרְתְּ-, תֶּרֶת-, cf. Isûtar, Ασταρτη, etc.; ע׳ 1 K 11:5 + 2 t.; pl. תָּרוֹת- Ju 2:13 + 3t.+ רֹת- 1 S 7:4; 1 S 31:10 rd. prob. sg. (Dr al.);—ï‘Aštart, ï‘Aštereth (Ασταρτη, pl. Ασταρται, but Ju 10:6, 1 S 7:4 Ασταρωθ), ancient Sem. goddess (with male counterpart in Moab., Sab. and appar. Ph.); Phoenician deity, עשׁתרת אֱלֽהֵי חִדֹנִים 1 K 11:5, 11:33, שִׁקֻּץ ח׳ ע׳ 2 K 23:13; so prob. בֵּית ע׳ 1 S 31:10 (rdg. sg.; v. esp. Dr); elsewhere pl., of various local goddesses, called עֲשְׁתָּרוֹת (cf. As. ilâni u ištarat = gods and Ištars (i.e. goddesses), usu. + (ים)בעל, as Canaanitish deities Ju 2:13, 10:6, 1 S 7:4, 12:10; ‖אֱלֽהֵי הַנֵּכָר 7:3.—Vid. esp. Dr:Ashtoreth in Hast:DB; on Iîitar Jastr:Rel. Bab. pass. esp. 202 f.; on ï‘Athtar Bae:Rel. 117 f; on Ph. on ï‘Aštart Pietschm:Gesch. Phön. 184 f.; on ï‘Ashtoreth Barton:JBL x (1891), 73 ff. GFM:Ency. Bib.

I. עַשְׁתָּרוֹת v. foregoing.

† II. [עַשְׁתָּרוֹת] n.pl.f. only cstr. in phr. ת חאֶֹ נְ֑(וֹ)עַשְׁתְּר Dt 7:13, 28:4, 28:18, 28:51 (all ‖שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיְ) usu. interpr. either as a. = ewes (Thes) or as b. = young (cf. veneres gregis; in either case with ref. to ï‘Aštart as goddess of fecundity; RS:Sem. i. 292, 457 f., 2nd ed. 310, 476 f., adopting b, thinks one type of ï‘Ašt in Canaan had form of sheep, so Dr:Dt 7, 13); cf. also عَشَّرِي as name of land fertilized by dew and rain We:Skizzen iii. 170.

† III. עַשְׁתָּרוֹת n.pr.loc. Ασταρωθ, etc., E. of Jordan (name from worship of diff. forms of ï‘Aštart; in Egypt. ï‘astiratu, as E. Jordan loc. WMM:As. u. Eur. 162, 313; cf. TelAm. n.pr.loc. Aštarti);—in Bashan (near Edrei) Dt 1:4 (רֹת-), Jos 12:4, 13:12, 13:31 (all + אֶדְרֶ֫עִי), 9:10, 1 Ch 6:56 = בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָה (i.e. בֵּית עַשְׁתָּרָה) Jos 21:27; also עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם Gn 14:5 (LXX Ασταρωθ Καρναιν, cf. GFM:JBL xvi(1897), 155 f. who expl. name as Ashtereth of the two-peaked mt:); cf. further, קַרְנַיִם Am 6:13; md; site prob. either Tel ï‘ Aštara, 21 miles E. of Sea of Galilee, or Muzeirib, 8 miles further S.; poss. both occur in OT; cf. esp. Dr:Ashtaroth in Hast:DB Di:Gn 14, 5), Buhl:Georg. 248 ff. GASm:Ency. Bib. 335 f.

עַשְׁתְּרָתִי adj. gent. of foreg. הָע׳ 1 Ch 11:4.

עֵת v. I. ענה. p. 773

† I. [עָתֹד] vb. be ready (NH adj. עָתִיד future (as prepared); Ar. عَتُدَ be ready, prepared (also great, bulky); Syr. ܥܬܳܕ, Targum in der. spec. and deriv.);—Pi. Imv. ms. sf. וְעַתְּדָהּ Pr 24:27 and make it ready i. e. thy work (‖הָכֵן).

Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. הִתְעַתְּדוּ לִגַלִּים Jb 15:28 which [houses] were prepared (destined) for (i.e. to be) heaps of ruin.

עָתִיד, [עָתוּד] adj. ready, prepared;—

1. abs. עָתִיד לַכִּידוֹר Jb 15:24 a king ready for the onset; pl. עֲתִדִים לַיּוֹם Est 3:14 ready for the day, so 8:13 Qr (Kt עתודים).

2. ready = skilled הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר Jb 3:8 those skilled in rousing Leviathan.

3. prepared = impending (cf. NH= future), fpl. וְחָשׁ עֲתִדֹת Dt 32:35 the impending things are hastening (‖קָרוֹב יוֹם אֵידָם).

4. prepared = stored up, ועתידתיהם Is 10:13 Kt (Qr וַעֲתוּדֹתַיהֶם, to differentiate it from above) and their stores have I plundered.

[עַתּוּד]:29 n.m.:Gn 31:10 he-goat (NH=BH; As. atudû Ar. عَتْود young he-goat; relation to above √ not clear; Thes well-developed, cp. Ar. عَتَدَ horse fit for running (cf. √ mng. great, i.e. perh. full-grown); acc. to Hom:NS 247 f. animal ready to fight);—only pl. עַתּוּדִים Is 1:11 + 13 t.; עַתֻּדִים Gn 31:10 + 13 t.; cstr. עַתּוּדֵי Is 34:6; —as property Gn 31:10, 31:12, Ez 27:21, Pr 27:26, food Dt 32:14; as leaders of flock Je 50:8 (sim.), hence fig. of princes and chief men Is 14:9, Ez 34:17, v. also infr.; as sacrif. victims Is 1:11, Nu 7:17 + 12 t. Nu 7, Ps 66:15 and (iron.) 50:9, 50:13; fig. of people and princes in י׳'s great sacrifice Is 34:6, Je 51:40 (sim.), Ez 39:18, and (idea of sacrif. dropped) Zc 10:3.

עַתָּה, עַתַּי, עִתִּי v. עֵת sub I. ענה. p. 773f

עֲתָיָה n.pr.m. Ne 11:4, Αθεα, LXXL Αθαρασθας (very dub.); = עוּתַי 1 Ch 9:4. p.736

עֲתָָךְ n.pr.loc. in Judah 1 S 30:30 LXX:A Αθαγ, LXXL Ναγεβ; HPS prop. עֲרָָד; v. עֶתֶר. p. 801

עתל (√ of foll.; perh. = As. atâlu, grow great, cf. etellu, great, exalted; so Che:Expos. Times, vii. 484, 568; viii. 48).

† (וּ)עֲתַלְיָ֫ה, עַתְלָָי n.pr.f. et m. (? י׳ is exalted);—

1. f. Athaliah, daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, mother of Ahaziah king of Judah; Γοθολια: יָהוּ- 2 K 8:26, 11:2, 11:20 = 2 Ch 22:2, 22:10, 22:11, 23:12, 23:13, 23:21, 24:7; יָה- 2 K 11:1, 11:3, 11:13, 11:14, 2 Ch 22:12.

2. m. a. 1 Ch 8:26 Ογοθολια. b. Ezr 8:7 Αθελει, A Αθλια; LXXL Γοθονίου (genit.). c. עַתְלָָי one with foreign wife Ezr 10:28, Θαλι, A Οθαλι.

801

† [עָתַם] vb. dub.; Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶעְתַּם אָָרֶץ Is 9:18 (غَتَمَ is be clogged in speech, غَتْمُ suffocating heat, مَغْتُومُ burned by heat; hence Thes scorched, but derived sense dub.; v. RS:JPhil. xiii. 61 f.);—read perhaps נִצְּתָה (√ יָחַת) is burned up, cf. RS:l. c., Krochm Kit Che:Hpt.

עָתְנִי n.pr.m Levite 1 Ch 26:7, Γοονει, (Γ)οθνι.

עָתְנִיאֵל n.pr.m. son of Ḳenaz, a hero in Isr., Γοθονιηλ, Jos 15:17, Ju 1:13, 3:9, 3:11, 1 Ch 4:13, 4:13; name of family 27:15.

† [עָתֵק] vb. move, proceed, advance (NH Hiph.; As. etêku as H., also trans. bring, move; Ar. عَتَقَ, عَتُقَ precede, pass forth, become free, grow old; Aram. ܥܬܶܩ, עֲתַק grow old, Palm. adj. עתק old);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽתְקָה Ps 6:8, 3 pl. עָֽתְקוּ Jb 21:7; Impf. 3 ms. יֶעְתַּק Jb 14:18, 18:4; —l. move מִמְּקֹמוֹ וְחוּר יֶע׳ Jb 14:18, so 18:4. 2. advance (in years; Aramaic sense) 21:7 (‖יִחְיוּ); hence = grow old and weak Ps 6:8 (of eye, ‖עָֽשְׁשָׁה). Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הֶעְתִּיקוּ Jb 32:16 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v:15), Pr 25:1; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעְתֵּק Gn 12:8, 26:22; Pt. מַעְתִּיק Jb 9:5; —

1. move forward (sc. tent) = proceed Gn 12:8 (מִשָּׁם, ה loc.), 26:22 (מִשָּׁם); so fig. Jb 32:16 (v. supr.) words have moved away from them (מֵהֶם), but v. prob. gloss (Bu al.).

2. Jb 9:5 he who removeth mountains.

3. very late Pr 25:1 transcribe (remove from one book or roll to another; LXX ἐξεγράψαντο, Vulgate transtulerunt; so in mediaeval Heb.: Zunz:ZMG xxv (1871), 447 f. = Ges. Schr. iii. 66 f.).

עָתָק adj. forward, arrogant (of speech) (Thes free (v. Ar.), unrestrained);—1 S 2:3, Ps 31:19, 94:4; so also 75:6 (cf. חַוָּאר).

עָתֵק adj. Thes (ancient and so) valuable; < advanced, eminent, surpassing (cf. عتيت preceding, hence surpassing, choice Lane:1947);—הוֹן ע׳ Pr 8:18 eminent wealth.

עָתִיק adj. eminent, surpassing, choice (v. עָתֵק);—מְכַסֶּה ע׳ Is 23:18 choice attire.

† [עַתִּיק] adj. removed, old;—

1. removed, עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָָיִם Is 28:9 i.e. weaned (‖גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָד; on cstr. v. Ges:§ 130 a).

2. old, ancient (Aramaism: עַתִּיק, ܥܰܬܺܝܩ, old), הַדְּדָרִים עַתִּיקִים 1 Ch 4:22.

† I. [עָתַר] vb. pray, supplicafe (always to God) (cf. Ar. عَتَرَت slaughter for sacrifice De:Gn (4) 381 We: Skizzen iii. 115, 166; Heid. (2). 118, 142; RS:Sem i. 210 f.; 2nd ed.; 227 f.);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיֶעְתַּר לי׳ Gn 25:21, אֶל־י׳ Ex 8:26, 10:18, Ju 13:8; יֶעְתַּד אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ Jb 33:26. Niph. be supplicated, entreated (and grant entreaty; always of God), usu. c. ל of worshipper (v. ל 5 d): Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנֶעְתַּר לָהֶם Is 19:22; Impf. 3 ms. וַיֵּעָ֫תֶר לוֹ Gn 25:21, 2 Ch 33:13, וַיֵּעָתֵר לָנוּ Ezr 8:23; c. לָאָרֶץ for the land 2 S 21:14, 24:25; Inf. abs. לָהֶם וְנַעְתּוֹר 1 Ch 5:20; cstr. (as subst.) הֵעָתֶר־לוֹ 2 Ch 33:19. Hiph. = Qal, make supplication, c. אֶל, לְ: Pf. וְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֫י אֶל־י׳ Ex 8:25; Impf. 2 ms. תַּעְתִּיר אֵלָיו Jb 22:27; Imv. mpl. הַעְתִּירוּ אֶל־י׳ Ex 8:4, 9:28, לי׳ 10:17; also c. ל pers. in behalf of whom, Impf. 1 S. אַעְתִּיר לְְ Ex 8:5, so Imv. חַעְתִּירוּ, c. בַּעֲדִי v:24.

† I. [עָתַר] n.[m.] suppliant, worshipper (?; so usu., but dub.);—only pl. sf. עֲתָרַי Zp 3:10.

II. [עָתַר] vb. be abundant, si Vera l. (as Aram. loan-word; עֲתַר, ܥܬܰܪ, be rich = Heb. עָשַׁר);—Niph. Pt. fpl. נַעְתָּרוֹת Pr 27:6 (of enemy's kisses; De excessive; opp. נֶאֱמָנִים); Toy prop. נֶעֱקָשׁוֹת, or נַעֲוֹת, crooked, hypocritical. Hiph. Pf. 2 mpl. הַעְתַּרְתֶּם עָלַי דִּבְרֵיכֶם Ez 35:13 ye have multiplied against me your words (‖עָלַי בְּפִיכֶם וַתַּגְדִּילוּ), del. as gloss Co after LXX, Toy reads sg., and thinks verb due to Aramaizing scribe.

עֲתֶ֫רֶת n.f. abundance (Aramaism, si vera l.);—cstr. Je 33:6 I will reveal to them abundance of peace, etc. (corrupt acc. to Gie Buhl:Lex; Vrss. render variously).

עֶ֫תֶר n.pr.loc (√ dub.);—in Judah Jos 15:42 ( Ιθακ; A LXXL Αθερ), in Simeon 19:7 (Ιεθερ; in both sq. עָשָׁן); perhaps = עֲתָח q.v.; perhaps (Conder:Survey iii. 261) ‘Atr, c. 2 miles NW. of Beit Jibrin (cf. GASm:Geogr., Map).

III. עתר (√of following)

† II. [עָתָר] n.[m.] odour (si vera l.) (so Vrss.);—cstr. עֲתַר Ez 8:11, of incense.